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Cannataro VL, Glasmacher KA, Hampson CE. Mutations, substitutions, and selection: Linking mutagenic processes to cancer using evolutionary theory. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167268. [PMID: 38823460 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Cancers are the product of evolutionary events, where molecular variation occurs and accumulates in tissues and tumors. Sequencing of this molecular variation informs not only which variants are driving tumorigenesis, but also the mechanisms behind what is fueling mutagenesis. Both of these details are crucial for preventing premature deaths due to cancer, whether it is by targeting the variants driving the cancer phenotype or by measures to prevent exogenous mutations from contributing to somatic evolution. Here, we review tools to determine both molecular signatures and cancer drivers, and avenues by which these metrics may be linked.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kira A Glasmacher
- Emmanuel College, 400 Fenway, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Caralynn E Hampson
- Emmanuel College, 400 Fenway, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
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2
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Alkassis S, Shatta M, Wong DJ. Therapeutic Advances in Advanced Basal Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:3075. [PMID: 39272933 PMCID: PMC11394629 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16173075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common type of cancer with an estimated 3.6 million cases diagnosed annually in the US alone. While most cases are treatable with low recurrence rates, 1-10% progress to an advanced stage which can behave aggressively, leading to local destruction and posing substantial challenges in management. The pathogenesis often involves dysregulation of the patched/hedgehog protein family, a pivotal pathway targeted by recently approved therapies. Furthermore, the role of immunotherapy is evolving in this type of tumor as we learn more about tumor microenvironment dynamics. In recent years, there have been advancements in the therapeutic landscape of advanced BCC, offering patients new hope and options for managing this complex and potentially life-threatening condition. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of this disease, including the risk factors, underlying pathogenesis, current treatment options of advanced disease, and the ongoing exploration and development of novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer Alkassis
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Maya Shatta
- Covenant Health-Statcare Hospitalist Group, Knoxville, TN 37919, USA
| | - Deborah J Wong
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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3
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Dainese-Marque O, Garcia V, Andrieu-Abadie N, Riond J. Contribution of Keratinocytes in Skin Cancer Initiation and Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8813. [PMID: 39201498 PMCID: PMC11354502 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Keratinocytes are major cellular components of the skin and are strongly involved in its homeostasis. Oncogenic events, starting mainly from excessive sun exposure, lead to the dysregulation of their proliferation and differentiation programs and promote the initiation and progression of non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs). Primary melanomas, which originate from melanocytes, initiate and develop in close interaction with keratinocytes, whose role in melanoma initiation, progression, and immune escape is currently being explored. Recent studies highlighted, in particular, unexpected modes of communication between melanocytic cells and keratinocytes, which may be of interest as sources of new biomarkers in melanomagenesis or potential therapeutic targets. This review aims at reporting the various contributions of keratinocytes in skin basal cell carcinoma (BCC), cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), and melanoma, with a greater focus on the latter in order to highlight some recent breakthrough findings. The readers are referred to recent reviews when contextual information is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nathalie Andrieu-Abadie
- Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, 31037 Toulouse, France
| | - Joëlle Riond
- Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, 31037 Toulouse, France
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Assi A, Michael-Jubeli R, Duplan H, Baillet-Guffroy A, Tfayli A, Jacques-Jamin C. Effects of solar radiations on stratum corneum hydration: Part II, protective action of solar filters. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2024; 17:e202400107. [PMID: 38937980 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202400107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The skin surface lipids (SSLs) film, composed of sebum and keratinocyte membrane lipids, is crucial to the barrier function of the stratum corneum (SC). The first part of this study investigated the impact of solar radiation on the SC based on a novel hydration and dehydration approach using Raman spectroscopy. The SSLs were found to absorb solar light, and thus participate to the protection of the skin surface. However, the protective function of the SSLs may be limited and is dependent to the heterogenous distribution of SSLs over the body surface. To ensure comprehensive protection, synergistic measures such as the application of solar filters are necessary. In this second part of the study, we have evaluated the limits of the protection capacity of SSLs and explored the protective action of a solar filters on both SSLs composition and the water hydration and dehydration kinetics in the SC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Assi
- Lip(Sys)2, Chimie Analytique Pharmaceutique, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Rime Michael-Jubeli
- Lip(Sys)2, Chimie Analytique Pharmaceutique, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Hélène Duplan
- Center R&D Pierre Fabre, Center of Research Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmetics (PFDC), Toulouse, France
| | - Arlette Baillet-Guffroy
- Lip(Sys)2, Chimie Analytique Pharmaceutique, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Ali Tfayli
- Lip(Sys)2, Chimie Analytique Pharmaceutique, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Carine Jacques-Jamin
- Center R&D Pierre Fabre, Center of Research Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmetics (PFDC), Toulouse, France
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Zgłobicki P, Hermanowicz P, Kłodawska K, Bażant A, Łabuz J, Grzyb J, Dutka M, Kowalska E, Jawor J, Leja K, Banaś AK. The photoreactivation of 6 - 4 photoproducts in chloroplast and nuclear DNA depends on the amount of the Arabidopsis UV repair defective 3 protein. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:723. [PMID: 39080534 PMCID: PMC11287969 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05439-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 6 - 4 photoproducts are the second most common UV-induced DNA lesions after cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers. In plants, they are mainly repaired by photolyases in a process called photoreactivation. While pyrimidine dimers can be deleterious, leading to mutagenesis or even cell death, 6 - 4 photoproducts can activate specific signaling pathways. Therefore, their removal is particularly important, especially for plants exposed to high UV intensities due to their sessile nature. Although photoreactivation in nuclear DNA is well-known, its role in plant organelles remains unclear. In this paper we analyzed the activity and localization of GFP-tagged AtUVR3, the 6 - 4 photoproduct specific photolyase. RESULTS Using transgenic Arabidopsis with different expression levels of AtUVR3, we confirmed a positive trend between these levels and the rate of 6 - 4 photoproduct removal under blue light. Measurements of 6 - 4 photoproduct levels in chloroplast and nuclear DNA of wild type, photolyase mutants, and transgenic plants overexpressing AtUVR3 showed that the photoreactivation is the main repair pathway responsible for the removal of these lesions in both organelles. The GFP-tagged AtUVR3 was predominantly located in nuclei with a small fraction present in chloroplasts and mitochondria of transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana tabacum lines. In chloroplasts, this photolyase co-localized with the nucleoid marked by plastid envelope DNA binding protein. CONCLUSIONS Photolyases are mainly localized in plant nuclei, with only a small fraction present in chloroplasts and mitochondria. Despite this unbalanced distribution, photoreactivation is the primary mechanism responsible for the removal of 6 - 4 photoproducts from nuclear and chloroplast DNA in adult leaves. The amount of the AtUVR3 photolyase is the limiting factor influencing the photoreactivation rate of 6 - 4 photoproducts. The efficient photoreactivation of 6 - 4 photoproducts in 35S: AtUVR3-GFP Arabidopsis and Nicotiana tabacum is a promising starting point to evaluate whether transgenic crops overproducing this photolyase are more tolerant to high UV irradiation and how they respond to other abiotic and biotic stresses under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Zgłobicki
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, Kraków, 30-387, Poland
| | - Paweł Hermanowicz
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, Kraków, 30-387, Poland
| | - Kinga Kłodawska
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, Kraków, 30-387, Poland
| | - Aneta Bażant
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, Kraków, 30-387, Poland
| | - Justyna Łabuz
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, Kraków, 30-387, Poland
| | - Joanna Grzyb
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14a, Wrocław, 50-383, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Dutka
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, Kraków, 30-387, Poland
| | - Ewa Kowalska
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, Kraków, 30-387, Poland
| | - Joanna Jawor
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, Kraków, 30-387, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Leja
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, Kraków, 30-387, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, prof. S. Łojasiewicza 11, Kraków, 30-348, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Katarzyna Banaś
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, Kraków, 30-387, Poland.
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Yang Z, Verghese M, Yang S, Shah P, He YY. The m 6A reader YTHDC2 regulates UVB-induced DNA damage repair and histone modification. Photochem Photobiol 2024; 100:1031-1040. [PMID: 38190286 PMCID: PMC11228125 DOI: 10.1111/php.13904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation represents a major carcinogen for the development of all skin cancer types. Mechanistically, UVB induces damage to DNA in the form of lesions, including cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs). Disruption of the functional repair processes, such as nucleotide excision repair (NER), allows persistence of DNA damage and contributes to skin carcinogenesis. Recent work has implicated m6A RNA methylation and its regulatory proteins as having critical roles in facilitating UVB-induced DNA damage repair. However, the biological functions of the m6A reader YTHDC2 are unknown in this context. Here, we show that YTHDC2 inhibition enhances the repair of UVB-induced DNA damage. We discovered that YTHDC2 inhibition increased the expression of PTEN while it decreased the expression of the PRC2 component SUZ12 and the levels of the histone modification H3K27me3. However, none of these functions were causally linked to the improvements in DNA repair, suggesting that the mechanism utilized by YTHDC2 may be unconventional. Moreover, inhibition of the m6A writer METTL14 reversed the effect of YTHDC2 inhibition on DNA repair while inhibition of the m6A eraser FTO mimicked the effect of YTHDC2 inhibition, indicating that YTHDC2 may regulate DNA repair through the m6A pathway. Finally, compared to normal human skin, YTHDC2 expression was upregulated in human cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cSCC), suggesting that it may function as a tumor-promoting factor in skin cancer. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that the m6A reader YTHDC2 plays a role in regulating UVB-induced DNA damage repair and may serve as a potential biomarker in cSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhao Yang
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Michelle Verghese
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Committee on Cancer Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Seungwon Yang
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Palak Shah
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Committee on Molecular Pathogenesis and Molecular Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yu-Ying He
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Committee on Cancer Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Committee on Molecular Pathogenesis and Molecular Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Adibi A, Tokat ÜM, Özgü E, Mamyrov N, Aydın E, Bilgiç ŞN, Tutar O, Demiray M. Durable radiologic and molecular complete response following nivolumab in an HNSCC patient with UV signature and HIV. Oral Oncol 2024; 154:106859. [PMID: 38781626 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2024.106859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Cancer patients living with HIV (CPLWH) may experience increased mortality risk. Furthermore, they have been historically excluded from clinical trials due to safety concerns. Our patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip received radiotherapy and platinum-based chemotherapy but declined by multiple centers due to his accidental HIV status. Genomic profiling revealed CDKN2A/B, PBRM1, TP53, and TERT alterations corresponding to UV signature, and high tumor mutational burden with positive PD-L1 staining. Accordingly, we report a durable radiologic and molecular complete response upon nivolumab plus IVC and antiretroviral therapy (ART). We demonstrated the safety and efficacy of ICIs, and feasibility of managing adverse events caused by antitumor, antiviral, and integrative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashkan Adibi
- Medicana Health Group, Precision Oncology Center, Istanbul, Turkiye; Istanbul University, Institute of Oncology, Department of Basic Oncology, Division of Cancer Genetics, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Ünal Metin Tokat
- Medicana Health Group, Precision Oncology Center, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Eylül Özgü
- Medicana Health Group, Precision Oncology Center, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Nurseit Mamyrov
- Medicana Health Group, Precision Oncology Center, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Esranur Aydın
- Medicana Health Group, Precision Oncology Center, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | | | - Onur Tutar
- Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Mutlu Demiray
- Medicana Health Group, Precision Oncology Center, Istanbul, Turkiye.
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Chen J, Sun R, Zheng J, Zhang W, Huang Y, Shao J, Chi Y. Photochromic Perovskite Nanocrystals for Ultraviolet Dosimetry. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2311993. [PMID: 38363065 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Excessive ultraviolet (UV) radiation has serious damage to human's health, therefore the development of visible, portable, and wearable sensor for monitoring UV radiation, especially the cumulative UV dosage, is highly desired but full of challenges. Herein, a wearable and flexible UV dosimeter based on photochromic perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) is designed. The obtained CsPbCl3 PNCs dispersed in dibromomethane (PNCs-DBM) undergo continuous, vivid, and multiple (from very weak purple to blue, cyan, and finally strong green) color change in response to UV radiation. It is demonstrated that the UV-induced degradation of DBM and subsequent anion-exchange reaction between CsPbCl3 and Br-, play a crucial role in the color change of PNCs-DBM. The properties of continuous fluorescence color change and enhanced fluorescence intensity enable the construction of sensitive and visible UV dosimeter. Furthermore, by integrated photochromic PNCs with flexible bracelet or PDMS substrate, a wearable UV sensor or a multi-indicator array for the detection of solar UV dosage is developed. This work may advance the fundamental understanding about photochromic perovskite, and show promising application of perovskite nanomaterials in easily fabricated, low-cost, visualized, and wearable solar UV dosimeter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Ruifen Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Jingcheng Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Yun Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Jiwei Shao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Yuwu Chi
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
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Suzuki T, Komaki Y, Amano M, Ando S, Shobu K, Ibuki Y. Faulty Gap Filling in Nucleotide Excision Repair Leads to Double-Strand Break Formation in Senescent Cells. J Invest Dermatol 2024:S0022-202X(24)01729-9. [PMID: 38871024 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2024.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
The change of repair efficiency of UV-induced pyrimidine dimers due to aging was examined in replicatively senesced fibroblasts. The fibroblasts with repeated passages showed the characteristics of cellular senescence, including irreversible cell cycle arrest, elevated β-galactosidase activity, and senescence-associated secretory phenotype. The incision efficiency of oligonucleotide containing UV lesions was similar regardless of cell doubling levels, but the gap filling process was impaired in replicatively senescent cells. The releases of xeroderma pigmentosum group G, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and replication protein A from damaged sites were delayed, which might have disturbed the DNA polymerase progression. The persistent single-stranded DNA was likely converted to double-strand breaks, leading to ataxia telangiectasia-mutated phosphorylation and 53BP1 foci formation. Phosphorylated histone H2AX (γ-H2AX) induction mainly occurred in G1 phase in senescent cells, not in S phase such as in normal cells, indicating that replication stress-independent double-strand breaks might be formed. MRE11 having nuclease activity accumulated to damaged sites at early time point after UV irradiation but not released in senescent cells. The pharmacological studies using specific inhibitors for the nuclease activity suggested that MRE11 contributed to the enlargement of single-stranded DNA gap, facilitating the double-strand break formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Suzuki
- Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yukako Komaki
- Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Momoka Amano
- Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Satoko Ando
- Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kosuke Shobu
- Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yuko Ibuki
- Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan.
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Tobiasz P, Borys F, Kucharska M, Poterała M, Krawczyk H. Synthesis and Study of Building Blocks with Dibenzo[ b,f]oxepine: Potential Microtubule Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6155. [PMID: 38892342 PMCID: PMC11172465 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of biphenylmethoxydibenzo[b,f]oxepine or photoswitchable fluorinated dibenzo[b,f]oxepine derivatives with one or three azo bonds, potential microtubule inhibitors, is described. Our studies provide a concise method for constructing derivatives containing the dibenzo[b,f]oxepine skeleton. An analysis of products was run using experimental and theoretical methods. Next, we evaluated the E/Z isomerization of azo-dibenzo[b,f]oxepine derivatives, which could be photochemically controlled using visible-wavelength light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Tobiasz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (F.B.); (M.K.); (M.P.)
| | - Filip Borys
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (F.B.); (M.K.); (M.P.)
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Kucharska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (F.B.); (M.K.); (M.P.)
| | - Marcin Poterała
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (F.B.); (M.K.); (M.P.)
| | - Hanna Krawczyk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (F.B.); (M.K.); (M.P.)
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11
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M P, B N, T K. Enhanced sun protection factor of octocrylene with green tea and bhringraj extracts. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2024; 43:134-147. [PMID: 38608452 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2024.2340440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study of sun protection factor boosting effect sunscreen compositions with herbal extract and combination with octocrylene. MATERIALS AND METHODS The standardized herbal extracts procured and studied their sun protection Factors. Camellia Sinensis (Green tea) leaf Extract, Eclipta prostrata (bhringraj) leaf extract are selected for the development of the herbal sunscreen composition along with octocrylene as synthetic sunscreen. The developed sunscreen composition contains defined concentration of herbal extracts and octocrylene were evaluated for their different physicochemical properties and stability. Sun protection factor boosting effect of herbal extracts is studied combination with octocrylene. RESULTS Invitro SPF studied for herbal extract individually and combination with octocrylene. The results of Invitro SPF study revealed the presence of green tea extract and, Eclipta prostrata (bhringraj) leaf extract shows excellent sun protection factor (SPF) boosting value of sunscreen composition containing 5% concentration of herbal extract and octocrylene. The sunscreen formulation containing 5% herbal extracts are stable for 12 weeks in an oven (45 °C). CONCLUSION The findings of this in-vitro SPF study revealed a sun protection boosting capacity of green tea extract and bhringraj extract confirmed. SUMMARY The over exposure of human skin to Ultra-Violet Radiation (UVR) can trigger photodamage, UV burn, pigmentation, erythema, and enhance the chance of dermal carcinoma. UVR causes DNA damage, which leads to dermal cancer. Daily sunscreens protect the skin from the adverse effects of sun rays, especially UVB (290-320 nm) and UVA (320-400 nm). The ozone layer filters UVC (200-290 nm) radiation when it enters into atmosphere of the earth. UVB causes sunburn, photo damage and cause mutagenic changes in nucleic acids. UVA increases ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) accumulation. ROS is responsible for cell repair which leads to carcinogenesis, and the cause of photodamage. Herbal extracts contain polyphenols, and flavonoids act as a natural sunscreen that will filter Ultra-Violet (UVB) light and contain antioxidant characteristics to modulate the photo-oxidative damage that results from UV-induced Reactive Oxygen Species production. The UVR protection of most herbal extracts are required to attain the higher UV protection in the sun care products. The approaches for preparing sun care products with higher Sun Protection Factor (SPF) possible through Oil in water formulation with herbal extract combinations of octocrylene. The developed sunscreen composition containing different concentration of herbal extracts were evaluated for their other physicochemical properties and stability. Invitro SPF was studied for Camellia Sinensis (Green tea) Leaf Extract and Eclipta prostrata (bhringraj) leaf extract individually and in combination with octocrylene. The results of the Invitro SPF study revealed the Camellia Sinensis (Green tea) Leaf Extract with octocrylene shows better Sun protection factor than Eclipta prostrata (bhringraj) leaf extract with octocrylene. The Sun Protection Factor (SPF) enhancement value of sunscreen compositions was compared to both sunscreen macroemulsion and nanoemulsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasupathi M
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai
- Cavinkare Private Limited, Teynampet, Chennai
| | - Natarajan B
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai
| | - Kumar T
- Cavinkare Private Limited, Teynampet, Chennai
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Isak V, Azizi S, Zhou XK, Mehta D, Ding W, Bulmer Z, Aivazi DS, Dellinger RW, Granstein RD. Inhibition of UVB radiation-induced tissue swelling and immune suppression by nicotinamide riboside and pterostilbene. PHOTODERMATOLOGY, PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2024; 40:e12961. [PMID: 38676310 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental ultraviolet radiation has deleterious effects on humans, including sunburn and immune perturbations. These immune changes are involved in skin carcinogenesis. OBJECTIVES To determine whether nicotinamide riboside and/or pterostilbene administered systemically inhibits inflammatory and immune effects of exposure to mid-range ultraviolet radiation. METHODS To examine UVB radiation-induced inflammatory effects, mice were fed standard chow/water, 0.04% pterostilbene in chow and 0.2% nicotinamide riboside in drinking water, diet with nicotinamide riboside alone, or diet with pterostilbene alone. After 4 weeks, mice were exposed to UVB radiation (3500 J/m2), and 24-/48-h ear swelling was assessed. We also asked if each agent or the combination inhibits UVB radiation suppression of contact hypersensitivity in two models. Mice were fed standard diet/water or chow containing 0.08% pterostilbene, water with 0.4% nicotinamide riboside, or both for 4 weeks. Low-dose: Half the mice in each group were exposed on the depilated dorsum to UVB radiation (1700 J/m2) daily for 4 days, whereas half were mock-irradiated. Mice were immunized on the exposed dorsum to dinitrofluorobenzene 4 h after the last irradiation, challenged 7 days later on the ears with dinitrofluorobenzene, and 24-h ear swelling assessed. High dose: Mice were treated similarly except that a single dose of 10,000 J/m2 of radiation was administered and immunization was performed on the unirradiated shaved abdomen 3 days later. RESULTS Nicotinamide riboside and pterostilbene together inhibited UVB-induced skin swelling more than either alone. Pterostilbene alone and both given together could inhibit UVB-induced immune suppression in both the low-dose and high-dose models while nicotinamide riboside alone was more effective in the low-dose model than the high-dose model. CONCLUSION Nicotinamide riboside and pterostilbene have protective effects against UVB radiation-induced tissue swelling and immune suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Isak
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Shayan Azizi
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Xi K Zhou
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Devina Mehta
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Wanhong Ding
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Zakir Bulmer
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Daniella S Aivazi
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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13
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Niu N, Roy SF, Ko CJ. A pilot study of p53 immunohistochemistry in atypical squamous lesions, using a vulvar scoring system. J Cutan Pathol 2024; 51:379-386. [PMID: 38317537 DOI: 10.1111/cup.14591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histopathologic overlap between cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) and its indolent mimics likely leads to the overdiagnosis of cSCC. OBJECTIVE To perform a pilot study of the p53 immunohistochemical scoring system developed on vulvar squamous lesions in cSCC. METHODS The consistency and reliability of p53 immunostaining using a scoring system developed on vulvar cases, as compared with TP53 genomic sequencing, was studied in an initial cohort of 28 cutaneous cases. p53 labeling was further assessed in an additional 63 cases of atypical squamous lesions, including 20 atypical squamous lesions classified by the authors as benign, 22 cases diagnosed as cSCC without high-risk features, and 21 cases of high-risk cSCC (cSCC-HR). RESULTS The concordance of p53 labeling and TP53 sequencing was 82.1%. Four positive patterns of p53 mutation were identified: basal, parabasal/diffuse, null, and cytoplasmic. p53 positivity in atypical, benign squamous lesions (10%) was significantly lower than that of low-risk cSCC (63.6%, p = 0.0004) or cSCC-HR (90.5%, p < 0.0001). p53 positivity in low-risk cSCC versus cSCC-HR was not statistically significant (p = 0.07). CONCLUSION p53 Labeling may be a helpful biomarker to support the diagnosis of cSCC and distinguish cSCC from atypical but benign mimics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Niu
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Simon F Roy
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Christine J Ko
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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14
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Adamiak K, Gaida VA, Schäfer J, Bosse L, Diemer C, Reiter RJ, Slominski AT, Steinbrink K, Sionkowska A, Kleszczyński K. Melatonin/Sericin Wound Healing Patches: Implications for Melanoma Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4858. [PMID: 38732075 PMCID: PMC11084828 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Melatonin and sericin exhibit antioxidant properties and may be useful in topical wound healing patches by maintaining redox balance, cell integrity, and regulating the inflammatory response. In human skin, melatonin suppresses damage caused by ultraviolet radiation (UVR) which involves numerous mechanisms associated with reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) generation and enhancing apoptosis. Sericin is a protein mainly composed of glycine, serine, aspartic acid, and threonine amino acids removed from the silkworm cocoon (particularly Bombyx mori and other species). It is of interest because of its biodegradability, anti-oxidative, and anti-bacterial properties. Sericin inhibits tyrosinase activity and promotes cell proliferation that can be supportive and useful in melanoma treatment. In recent years, wound healing patches containing sericin and melatonin individually have attracted significant attention by the scientific community. In this review, we summarize the state of innovation of such patches during 2021-2023. To date, melatonin/sericin-polymer patches for application in post-operational wound healing treatment has been only sparingly investigated and it is an imperative to consider these materials as a promising approach targeting for skin tissue engineering or regenerative dermatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Adamiak
- Department of Biomaterials and Cosmetic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarin 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (K.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Vivian A. Gaida
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 58, 48149 Münster, Germany; (V.A.G.); (J.S.); (L.B.); (C.D.); (K.S.)
| | - Jasmin Schäfer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 58, 48149 Münster, Germany; (V.A.G.); (J.S.); (L.B.); (C.D.); (K.S.)
| | - Lina Bosse
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 58, 48149 Münster, Germany; (V.A.G.); (J.S.); (L.B.); (C.D.); (K.S.)
| | - Clara Diemer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 58, 48149 Münster, Germany; (V.A.G.); (J.S.); (L.B.); (C.D.); (K.S.)
| | - Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, Long School of Medicine, UT Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA;
| | - Andrzej T. Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Kerstin Steinbrink
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 58, 48149 Münster, Germany; (V.A.G.); (J.S.); (L.B.); (C.D.); (K.S.)
| | - Alina Sionkowska
- Department of Biomaterials and Cosmetic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarin 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (K.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Konrad Kleszczyński
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 58, 48149 Münster, Germany; (V.A.G.); (J.S.); (L.B.); (C.D.); (K.S.)
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15
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Dumont ELP, Kaplan PD, Do C, Banerjee S, Barrer M, Ezzedine K, Zippin JH, Varghese GI. A randomized trial of a wearable UV dosimeter for skin cancer prevention. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1259050. [PMID: 38495115 PMCID: PMC10940533 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1259050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most prevalent cancer in the United States. Despite guidelines on ultraviolet (UV) avoidance, it remains difficult for people to assess their exposure, as UV is invisible and the onset of UV-induced symptoms is delayed. Methods In a prospective randomized trial, 97 elderly patients with a history of actinic keratoses (AK) were followed over 6 months. Fifty patients received UV counseling from a dermatologist and a wearable UV dosimeter that provided real-time and cumulative UV exposure. Forty-seven patients received only UV counseling from a dermatologist. Results Over 75% of participants recorded UV exposure at least once a week during the summer. After 6 months of intervention, when comparing the device group to the control group, we observed a non-significant 20% lower ratio of incidence rates of AKs (95% CI = [-41, 55%], p-value = 0.44) and a significant 95% lower ratio of incidence rates of NMSCs (95% CI = [33, 99.6%], p-value = 0.024). Surveys demonstrated that the control group's score in self-perceived ability to participate in social activities significantly increased by 1.2 (p-value = 0.04), while in the device group, this score non-significantly decreased by 0.9 (p-value = 0.1). We did not observe changes, or between-group differences, in anxiety and depression surveys. Conclusion This pilot clinical trial has a short duration and a small sample size. However, device adherence and quality of life questionnaires suggest a smartphone-connected wearable UV dosimeter is well accepted by an elderly population. This trial also indicates that a wearable UV dosimeter may be an effective behavioral change tool to reduce NMSC incidence in an elderly population with a prior history of AKs.Clinical trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT03315286.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel L. P. Dumont
- Shade, Nutley, NJ, United States
- Hackensack Meridian Center for Discovery and Innovation, Nutley, NJ, United States
| | | | - Catherine Do
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Melissa Barrer
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Khaled Ezzedine
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - Jonathan H. Zippin
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - George I. Varghese
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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16
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Wang J, Patel P, Mineroff J, Jagdeo J. The potential cutaneous benefits of edible bird's nest. Arch Dermatol Res 2024; 316:91. [PMID: 38400925 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-024-02824-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Edible bird's nest (EBN) is composed of the solidified saliva of swiftlet birds. EBN has been extremely popular in Asian culture for centuries. They are often consumed as a delicacy in the form of bird's nest soup and are believed to have numerous skin benefits. In light of EBN's growing popularity and significant cultural importance, we aim provide a comprehensive review of EBN's potential dermatologic benefits and role in photoaging, anti-inflammation, wound healing, skin barrier enhancement, and skin whitening. While in vitro, in vivo, and preliminary clinical trial results are promising, there is a need for future human clinical research to further validate these findings and establish EBN's efficacy and safety for dermatologic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Wang
- Department of Dermatology, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, 8th Floor, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
- Dermatology Service, Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System-Brooklyn Campus, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Paras Patel
- Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, USA
- Dermatology Service, Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System-Brooklyn Campus, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Jessica Mineroff
- Department of Dermatology, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, 8th Floor, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
- Dermatology Service, Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System-Brooklyn Campus, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Jared Jagdeo
- Department of Dermatology, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, 8th Floor, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA.
- Dermatology Service, Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System-Brooklyn Campus, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
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17
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Li C, Sun C, Mahapatra KD, Riihilä P, Knuutila J, Nissinen L, Lapins J, Kähäri VM, Homey B, Sonkoly E, Pivarcsi A. Long noncoding RNA plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 is overexpressed in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and exon 2 is critical for its oncogenicity. Br J Dermatol 2024; 190:415-426. [PMID: 37930852 DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljad419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is one of the most common and fastest increasing forms of cancer worldwide with metastatic potential. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a group of RNA molecules with essential regulatory functions in both physiological and pathological processes. OBJECTIVES To investigate the function and mode of action of lncRNA plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) in cSCC. METHODS Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and single-molecule in situ hybridization were used to quantify the expression level of PVT1 in normal skin, premalignant skin lesions, actinic keratosis (AK) and primary and metastatic cSCCs. The function of PVT1 in cSCC was investigated both in vivo (tumour xenografts) and in vitro (competitive cell growth assay, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation assay, colony formation assay and tumour spheroid formation assay) upon CRISPR-Cas9-mediated knockout of the entire PVT1 locus, the knockout of exon 2 of PVT1, and locked nucleic acid (LNA) gapmer-mediated PVT1 knockdown. RNA sequencing analysis was conducted to identify genes and processes regulated by PVT1. RESULTS We identified PVT1 as a lncRNA upregulated in cSCC in situ and cSCC, associated with the malignant phenotype of cSCC. We showed that the expression of PVT1 in cSCC was regulated by MYC. Both CRISPR-Cas9 deletion of the entire PVT1 locus and LNA gapmer-mediated knockdown of PVT1 transcript impaired the malignant behaviour of cSCC cells, suggesting that PVT1 is an oncogenic transcript in cSCC. Furthermore, knockout of PVT1 exon 2 inhibited cSCC tumour growth both in vivo and in vitro, demonstrating that exon 2 is a critical element for the oncogenic role of PVT1. Mechanistically, we showed that PVT1 was localized in the cell nucleus and its deletion resulted in cellular senescence, increased cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 (p21/CDKN1A) expression and cell cycle arrest. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed a previously unrecognized role for exon 2 of PVT1 in its oncogenic role and that PVT1 suppresses cellular senescence in cSCC. PVT1 may be a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in cSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology (IMBIM)
| | - Chengxi Sun
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology (IMBIM)
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | | | - Pilvi Riihilä
- Department of Dermatology
- FICAN West Cancer Research Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jaakko Knuutila
- Department of Dermatology
- FICAN West Cancer Research Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Liisa Nissinen
- Department of Dermatology
- FICAN West Cancer Research Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jan Lapins
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Veli-Matti Kähäri
- Department of Dermatology
- FICAN West Cancer Research Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Bernhard Homey
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Enikö Sonkoly
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology (IMBIM)
- Dermatology and Venereology Division, Department of Medicine Solna
- Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andor Pivarcsi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology (IMBIM)
- Dermatology and Venereology Division, Department of Medicine Solna
- Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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18
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Park SM, Jung CJ, Lee DG, Yu YE, Ku TH, Hong MS, Lim TK, Paeng KI, Cho HK, Cho IJ, Ku SK. Elaeagnus umbellata Fruit Extract Protects Skin from Ultraviolet-Mediated Photoaging in Hairless Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:195. [PMID: 38397793 PMCID: PMC10885948 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Photoaging refers to the accumulation of skin damage which includes wrinkle formation, loss of elasticity, and epidermal thickening due to repeated ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. The present study investigated the protective effects of Elaeagnus umbellata fruit extract (Elaea) on UV-mediated photoaged skin of SKH1 hairless mice and compared the effects of Elaea with ascorbic acid. Although there was no difference in body weight between groups during experimental period, oral administration of 50-200 mg/kg Elaea once daily for 15 weeks significantly prevented an increase in skin weight, epithelial thickening of epidermis, and apoptosis caused by UV irradiation. Skin replica and histopathological analyses revealed that Elaea dose-dependently decreased wrinkle and microfold formation. In addition, Elaea administration restored UV-mediated reduction in type I collagen and hyaluronan through the inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase expression. Moreover, Elaea suppressed UV-dependent increases in superoxide anion production, fatty acid oxidation, and protein nitration by up-regulating antioxidant system. Furthermore, Elaea alleviated infiltration of inflammatory cells in UV-irradiated skin. The preventive effects of 100 mg/kg Elaea administration against UV-induced photoaging were similar to those by 100 mg/kg ascorbic acid. Collectively, the present study suggests that the E. umbellata fruit is a promising edible candidate to prevent skin photoaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Man Park
- Department of Histology and Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Republic of Korea; (S.-M.P.); (C.-J.J.); (D.-G.L.)
- Central Research Center, Okchundang Inc., Daegu 41059, Republic of Korea;
| | - Cheol-Jong Jung
- Department of Histology and Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Republic of Korea; (S.-M.P.); (C.-J.J.); (D.-G.L.)
- Central Research Center, Okchundang Inc., Daegu 41059, Republic of Korea;
| | - Dae-Geon Lee
- Department of Histology and Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Republic of Korea; (S.-M.P.); (C.-J.J.); (D.-G.L.)
- Central Research Center, Okchundang Inc., Daegu 41059, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yeong-Eun Yu
- Central Research Center, Okchundang Inc., Daegu 41059, Republic of Korea;
| | - Tae-Hun Ku
- Okchundang Korean Medicine Clinic, Ulsan 44900, Republic of Korea;
| | - Mu-Seok Hong
- Rodam Korean Medical Clinic, Seoul 06038, Republic of Korea; (M.-S.H.); (T.-K.L.); (K.-I.P.); (H.-K.C.)
| | - Tae-Kyung Lim
- Rodam Korean Medical Clinic, Seoul 06038, Republic of Korea; (M.-S.H.); (T.-K.L.); (K.-I.P.); (H.-K.C.)
| | - Kwong-Il Paeng
- Rodam Korean Medical Clinic, Seoul 06038, Republic of Korea; (M.-S.H.); (T.-K.L.); (K.-I.P.); (H.-K.C.)
| | - Hyun-Ki Cho
- Rodam Korean Medical Clinic, Seoul 06038, Republic of Korea; (M.-S.H.); (T.-K.L.); (K.-I.P.); (H.-K.C.)
| | - Il-Je Cho
- Central Research Center, Okchundang Inc., Daegu 41059, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sae-Kwang Ku
- Department of Histology and Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Republic of Korea; (S.-M.P.); (C.-J.J.); (D.-G.L.)
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Zhu Y, Wang K, Jia X, Fu C, Yu H, Wang Y. Antioxidant peptides, the guardian of life from oxidative stress. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:275-364. [PMID: 37621230 DOI: 10.1002/med.21986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced during oxidative metabolism in aerobic organisms. Under normal conditions, ROS production and elimination are in a relatively balanced state. However, under internal or external environmental stress, such as high glucose levels or UV radiation, ROS production can increase significantly, leading to oxidative stress. Excess ROS production not only damages biomolecules but is also closely associated with the pathogenesis of many diseases, such as skin photoaging, diabetes, and cancer. Antioxidant peptides (AOPs) are naturally occurring or artificially designed peptides that can reduce the levels of ROS and other pro-oxidants, thus showing great potential in the treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases. In this review, we discussed ROS production and its role in inducing oxidative stress-related diseases in humans. Additionally, we discussed the sources, mechanism of action, and evaluation methods of AOPs and provided directions for future studies on AOPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyun Zhu
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kang Wang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyi Jia
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Food Science and Technology Center, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Caili Fu
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haining Yu
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yipeng Wang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Moubarak MM, Pagano Zottola AC, Larrieu CM, Cuvellier S, Daubon T, Martin OCB. Exploring the multifaceted role of NRF2 in brain physiology and cancer: A comprehensive review. Neurooncol Adv 2024; 6:vdad160. [PMID: 38221979 PMCID: PMC10785770 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdad160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic oxidative stress plays a critical role in the development of brain malignancies due to the high rate of brain oxygen utilization and concomitant production of reactive oxygen species. The nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (NRF2), a master regulator of antioxidant signaling, is a key factor in regulating brain physiology and the development of age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Also, NRF2 is known to exert a protective antioxidant effect against the onset of oxidative stress-induced diseases, including cancer, along with its pro-oncogenic activities through regulating various signaling pathways and downstream target genes. In glioblastoma (GB), grade 4 glioma, tumor resistance, and recurrence are caused by the glioblastoma stem cell population constituting a small bulk of the tumor core. The persistence and self-renewal capacity of these cell populations is enhanced by NRF2 expression in GB tissues. This review outlines NRF2's dual involvement in cancer and highlights its regulatory role in human brain physiology and diseases, in addition to the development of primary brain tumors and therapeutic potential, with a focus on GB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya M Moubarak
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | | | - Thomas Daubon
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, Bordeaux, France
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21
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Whitworth P, Aldred N, Finlay JA, Reynolds KJ, Plummer J, Clare AS. UV-C LED-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer formation, lesion repair and mutagenesis in the biofilm-forming diatom, Navicula incerta. BIOFOULING 2024; 40:76-87. [PMID: 38384189 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2024.2319178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The use of ultraviolet-C (UV-C) irradiation in marine biofouling control is a relatively new and potentially disruptive technology. This study examined effects of UV-C exposure on the biofilm-forming diatom, Navicula incerta. UV-C-induced mutations were identified via Illumina HiSeq. A de novo genome was assembled from control sequences and reads from UV-C-exposed treatments were mapped to this genome, with a quantitative estimate of mutagenesis then derived from the frequency of single nucleotide polymorphisms. UV-C exposure increased cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) abundance with a direct correlation between lesion formation and fluency. Cellular repair mechanisms gradually reduced CPDs over time, with the highest UV-C fluence treatments having the fastest repair rates. Mutation abundances were, however, negatively correlated with CPD abundance suggesting that UV-C exposure may influence lesion repair. The threshold fluence for CPD formation exceeding CPD repair was >1.27 J cm-2. Fluences >2.54 J cm-2 were predicted to inhibit repair mechanisms. While UV-C holds considerable promise for marine antifouling, diatoms are just one, albeit an important, component of marine biofouling communities. Determining fluence thresholds for other representative taxa, highlighting the most resistant, would allow UV-C treatments to be specifically tuned to target biofouling organisms, whilst limiting environmental effects and the power requirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Whitworth
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Nick Aldred
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - John A Finlay
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin J Reynolds
- Technology & Innovation Delivery, Marine, Protective and Yacht, AkzoNobel/International Paint Ltd, Felling, Gateshead, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Plummer
- Physical Sciences Group, Platform Systems Division, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (DSTL), Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony S Clare
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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22
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Wunderlich S, Griffiths T, Baines F. UVB-emitting LEDs for reptile lighting: Identifying the risks of nonsolar UV spectra. Zoo Biol 2024; 43:61-74. [PMID: 37870081 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
UVB lamps are used to provide reptiles housed indoors with the UV radiation necessary to synthesize vitamin D3 in their skin. Since 2019, UVB-LED lamps have been on sale for use in reptile husbandry. We performed spectral analysis and mapped the UV irradiance for 18 of these lamps. The positive benefits of UVB-LED lamps over traditional products include greater energy efficiency, freedom from mercury and easy installation without external ballasts. However, the spectra of all the UVB-LED lamps tested had little similarity to the solar UV spectrum. Some lamps emitted short-wavelength, non-terrestrial, radiation known to cause acute photo-kerato-conjunctivitis; we report one case. All lamps were lacking significant output in the range 315-335 nm, essential for natural self-regulation of cutaneous vitamin D3 synthesis, preventing overproduction. We describe a possible risk of serious hypervitaminosis D based on our spectral analysis. We call for long-term animal studies to assess this risk, in which the reptiles under these lamps are exposed to species-appropriate UV index levels according to their Ferguson Zone allocation and serum levels of vitamin D3 and 25(OH)D3 monitored. Spectral modifications of the lamps to make the spectrum more like sunlight may be an essential way of mitigating this risk.
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23
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CHAMBERS JK, ITO S, UCHIDA K. Feline papillomavirus-associated Merkel cell carcinoma: a comparative review with human Merkel cell carcinoma. J Vet Med Sci 2023; 85:1195-1209. [PMID: 37743525 PMCID: PMC10686778 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare skin tumor that shares a similar immunophenotype with Merkel cells, although its origin is debatable. More than 80% of human MCC cases are associated with Merkel cell polyomavirus infections and viral gene integration. Recent studies have shown that the clinical and pathological characteristics of feline MCC are comparable to those of human MCC, including its occurrence in aged individuals, aggressive behavior, histopathological findings, and the expression of Merkel cell markers. More than 90% of feline MCC are positive for the Felis catus papillomavirus type 2 (FcaPV2) gene. Molecular changes involved in papillomavirus-associated tumorigenesis, such as increased p16 and decreased retinoblastoma (Rb) and p53 protein levels, were observed in FcaPV2-positive MCC, but not in FcaPV2-negative MCC cases. These features were also confirmed in FcaPV2-positive and -negative MCC cell lines. The expression of papillomavirus E6 and E7 genes, responsible for p53 degradation and Rb inhibition, respectively, was detected in tumor cells by in situ hybridization. Whole genome sequencing revealed the integration of FcaPV2 DNA into the host feline genome. MCC cases often develop concurrent skin lesions, such as viral plaque and squamous cell carcinoma, which are also associated with papillomavirus infection. These findings suggest that FcaPV2 infection and integration of viral genes are involved in the development of MCC in cats. This review provides an overview of the comparative pathology of feline and human MCC caused by different viruses and discusses their cell of origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- James K CHAMBERS
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Soma ITO
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki UCHIDA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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24
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South AP, Laimer M, Gueye M, Sui JY, Eichenfield LF, Mellerio JE, Nyström A. Type VII Collagen Deficiency in the Oncogenesis of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:2108-2119. [PMID: 37327859 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa is a rare genetic skin disorder caused by COL7A1 sequence variations that result in type VII collagen deficits and cutaneous and extracutaneous manifestations. One serious complication of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa is cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, a leading driver of morbidity and mortality, especially among patients with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. Type VII collagen deficits alter TGFβ signaling and evoke multiple other cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma progression-promoting activities within epidermal microenvironments. This review examines cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma pathophysiology in dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa with a focus on known oncogenesis pathways at play and explores the idea that therapeutic type VII collagen replacement may reduce cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P South
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Martin Laimer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology and EB House Austria, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Jennifer Y Sui
- Departments of Dermatology and Pediatrics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California, USA; Division of Pediatric Dermatology, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Lawrence F Eichenfield
- Departments of Dermatology and Pediatrics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California, USA; Division of Pediatric Dermatology, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Jemima E Mellerio
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Nyström
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, Freiburg, Germany
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25
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Carr RA, Mesiano D, Heffron C, Radonic T, Wiggins J, Tso S, Agrawal R, Cheung E, Slater DN, Nichols L, Craig P. Aberrant p16, p53 and Ki-67 immunohistochemistry staining patterns can distinguish solitary keratoacanthoma from cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Pathology 2023; 55:772-784. [PMID: 37573161 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Keratoacanthoma (KA) is widely considered a benign, usually self-resolving, neoplasm distinct from cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), while some consider KA to be indistinguishable from cSCC. Published studies indicate utility for p16, p53, Ki-67 immunostaining and elastic van Gieson (EVG) in the assessment of KA and cSCC. We compared clinical features and staining patterns for p16, p53, Ki-67 and EVG in fully excised KA, cSCC with KA-like features (cSCC-KAL) and other cSCC (cSCC-OTHER). Significant differences between KA, cSCC-KAL and cSCC-OTHER were found for head and neck location (20%, 86%, 84%), and duration <5 months (95%, 63%, 36%). KA shows both a mosaic pattern for p16 (>25-90% of neoplasm area) and peripheral graded pattern for p53 (up to 50% moderate and strong nuclear staining) in 92% compared with 0% of cSCC-KAL and 0% of cSCC-OTHER. In contrast, a highly aberrant pattern (usually null) for one or both p16 and p53, was present in 0% of KA, 83.8% of cSCC-KAL and 90.9% of cSCC-OTHER. Abnormal distribution of Ki-67 beyond the peripheral 1-3 cells was uncommon in KA (4.2%) and common in cSCC-KAL (67.6%) and cSCC-OTHER (88.4%). Moderate to striking entrapment of elastic and collagen fibres was present in the majority of KA (84%), cSCC-KAL (81%) and cSCC-OTHER (65%). KA are clinically distinct neoplasms typically of short duration occurring preferentially outside the head and neck and generally lacking aberrations of p16, p53 and Ki-67, compared with cSCC that have high rates of aberrant or highly aberrant p16, p53 and Ki-67, but EVG lacked specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Carr
- Cellular Pathology, South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust, Warwick, UK.
| | - Domenico Mesiano
- Cellular Pathology, South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust, Warwick, UK
| | - Cynthia Heffron
- Department of Pathology, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Teodora Radonic
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Netherlands
| | - James Wiggins
- Cellular Pathology, South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust, Warwick, UK
| | - Simon Tso
- Jephson Dermatology Centre, South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust, Warwick, UK
| | - Rishi Agrawal
- Histopathology Department, New Cross Hospital, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Elaine Cheung
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong
| | | | - Linda Nichols
- Department of Statistics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Paul Craig
- Department of Histopathology, Cheltenham General Hospital, Gloucestershire, UK
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26
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Khan SU, Ullah Z, Shaukat H, Unab S, Jannat S, Ali W, Ali A, Irfan M, Khan MF, Cervantes-Villagrana RD. TP53 and its Regulatory Genes as Prognosis of Cutaneous Melanoma. Cancer Inform 2023; 22:11769351231177267. [PMID: 37667731 PMCID: PMC10475268 DOI: 10.1177/11769351231177267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was the first comprehensive investigation of genetic mutation and expression levels of the p53 signaling genes in cutaneous melanoma through various genetic databases providing large datasets. The mutational landscape of p53 and its signaling genes was higher than expected, with TP53 followed by CDKN2A being the most mutated gene in cutaneous melanoma. Furthermore, the expression analysis showed that TP53, MDM2, CDKN2A, and TP53BP1 were overexpressed, while MDM4 and CDKN2B were under-expressed in cutaneous melanoma. Overall, TCGA data revealed that among all the other p53 signaling proteins, CDKN2A was significantly higher in both sun and non-sun-exposed healthy tissues than in melanoma. Likewise, MDM4 and TP53BP1 expressions were markedly greater in non-sun-exposed healthy tissues compared to other groups. However, CDKN2B expression was higher in the sun-exposed healthy tissues than in other tissues. In addition, various genes were expressed significantly differently among males and females. In addition, CDKN2A was highly expressed in the SK-MEL-30 skin cancer cell line, whereas, Immune cell type expression analysis revealed that the MDM4 was highly expressed in naïve B-cells. Furthermore, all six genes were significantly overexpressed in extraordinarily overweight or obese tumor tissues compared to healthy tissues. MDM2 expression and tumor stage were closely related. There were differences in gene expression across patient age groups and positive nodal status. TP53 showed a positive correlation with B cells, MDM2 with CD8+T cells, macrophages and neutrophils, and MDM4 with neutrophils. CDKN2A/B had a non-significant correlation with all six types of immune cells. However, TP53BP1 was positively correlated with all five types of immune cells except B cells. Only TP53, MDM2, and CDKN2A had a role in cutaneous melanoma-specific tumor immunity. All TP53 and its regulating genes may be predictive for prognosis. The results of the present study need to be validated through future screening, in vivo, and in vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safir Ullah Khan
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Zahid Ullah
- Department of Software Engineering, Abasyn University Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Hadia Shaukat
- Department of Zoology, Women University of Swabi, Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Sheeza Unab
- Department of Zoology, University of Mianwali, Mianwali, Pakistan
| | - Saba Jannat
- Department of Zoology, Women University of Swabi, Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Waqar Ali
- Biochemical and Biotechnological Sciences Università degli studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Campania, Italy
| | - Amir Ali
- Nanosciences and Nanotechnology Program, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
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27
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Abstract
Endogenous photosensitizers play a critical role in both beneficial and harmful light-induced transformations in biological systems. Understanding their mode of action is essential for advancing fields such as photomedicine, photoredox catalysis, environmental science, and the development of sun care products. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of endogenous photosensitizers in human skin, investigating the connections between their electronic excitation and the subsequent activation or damage of organic biomolecules. We gather the physicochemical and photochemical properties of key endogenous photosensitizers and examine the relationships between their chemical reactivity, location within the skin, and the primary biochemical events following solar radiation exposure, along with their influence on skin physiology and pathology. An important take-home message of this review is that photosensitization allows visible light and UV-A radiation to have large effects on skin. The analysis presented here unveils potential causes for the continuous increase in global skin cancer cases and emphasizes the limitations of current sun protection approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick L Bastos
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Frank H Quina
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic School, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maurício S Baptista
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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28
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Moradi Tuchayi S, Wang Z, Yan J, Garibyan L, Bai X, Gilchrest BA. Sunscreens: Misconceptions and Misinformation. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:1406-1411. [PMID: 37054947 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.03.1677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 70 years, sunscreens have evolved from beach products designed to prevent sunburn to more cosmetically elegant skincare products intended to protect against multiple long-term adverse consequences of characteristically low-intensity daily UV and visible light exposure. Sunscreen testing and labeling intended to quantify such protection are unfortunately often misunderstood by users and have also led to illegal misleading and potentially dangerous industry practices. Changes in regulatory requirements, better policing, and more informative sunscreen labeling would benefit users and their physician advisors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Moradi Tuchayi
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zixiao Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajun Yan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lilit Garibyan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xuefei Bai
- B.A.I. Biosciences, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Barbara A Gilchrest
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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29
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Bélanger F, Roussel C, Sawchyn C, St-Hilaire E, Gezzar-Dandashi S, Kimenyi Ishimwe AB, Mallette FA, Wurtele H, Drobetsky E. A genome-wide screen reveals that Dyrk1A kinase promotes nucleotide excision repair by preventing aberrant overexpression of cyclin D1 and p21. J Biol Chem 2023:104900. [PMID: 37301510 PMCID: PMC10339196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide excision repair (NER) eliminates highly-genotoxic solar UV-induced DNA photoproducts that otherwise stimulate malignant melanoma development. Here, a genome-wide loss-of-function screen, coupling CRISPR/Cas9 technology with a flow cytometry-based DNA repair assay, was used to identify novel genes required for efficient NER in primary human fibroblasts. Interestingly, the screen revealed multiple genes encoding proteins, with no previously known involvement in UV damage repair, that significantly modulate NER uniquely during S phase of the cell cycle. Among these, we further characterized Dyrk1A, a dual specificity kinase that phosphorylates the proto-oncoprotein cyclin D1 on threonine 286 (T286), thereby stimulating its timely cytoplasmic relocalization and proteasomal degradation which is required for proper regulation of the G1-S phase transition and control of cellular proliferation. We demonstrate that in UV-irradiated HeLa cells, depletion of Dyrk1A leading to overexpression of cyclin D1 causes inhibition of NER uniquely during S phase and reduced cell survival. Consistently, expression/nuclear accumulation of nonphosphorylatable cyclin D1 (T286A) in melanoma cells strongly interferes with S phase NER and enhances cytotoxicity post-UV. Moreover, the negative impact of cyclin D1 (T286A) overexpression on repair is independent of cyclin-dependent kinase activity but requires cyclin D1-dependent upregulation of p21 expression. Our data indicate that inhibition of NER during S phase might represent a previously unappreciated non-canonical mechanism by which oncogenic cyclin D1 fosters melanomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Bélanger
- Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, 5415 boulevard de l'Assomption, Montréal, Québec, Canada H1T 2M4
| | - Cassandra Roussel
- Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, 5415 boulevard de l'Assomption, Montréal, Québec, Canada H1T 2M4
| | - Christina Sawchyn
- Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, 5415 boulevard de l'Assomption, Montréal, Québec, Canada H1T 2M4; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, 2900 Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3T 1J4
| | - Edlie St-Hilaire
- Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, 5415 boulevard de l'Assomption, Montréal, Québec, Canada H1T 2M4
| | - Sari Gezzar-Dandashi
- Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, 5415 boulevard de l'Assomption, Montréal, Québec, Canada H1T 2M4; Molecular Biology Program, Université de Montréal, 2900 Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3T 1J4
| | - Aimé Boris Kimenyi Ishimwe
- Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, 5415 boulevard de l'Assomption, Montréal, Québec, Canada H1T 2M4; Molecular Biology Program, Université de Montréal, 2900 Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3T 1J4
| | - Frédérick Antoine Mallette
- Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, 5415 boulevard de l'Assomption, Montréal, Québec, Canada H1T 2M4; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, 2900 Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3T 1J4; Molecular Biology Program, Université de Montréal, 2900 Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3T 1J4; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, 2900 Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3T 1J4
| | - Hugo Wurtele
- Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, 5415 boulevard de l'Assomption, Montréal, Québec, Canada H1T 2M4; Molecular Biology Program, Université de Montréal, 2900 Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3T 1J4; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, 2900 Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3T 1J4.
| | - Elliot Drobetsky
- Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, 5415 boulevard de l'Assomption, Montréal, Québec, Canada H1T 2M4; Molecular Biology Program, Université de Montréal, 2900 Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3T 1J4; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, 2900 Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3T 1J4.
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30
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Winge MCG, Kellman LN, Guo K, Tang JY, Swetter SM, Aasi SZ, Sarin KY, Chang ALS, Khavari PA. Advances in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Nat Rev Cancer 2023:10.1038/s41568-023-00583-5. [PMID: 37286893 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-023-00583-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Human malignancies arise predominantly in tissues of epithelial origin, where the stepwise transformation from healthy epithelium to premalignant dysplasia to invasive neoplasia involves sequential dysregulation of biological networks that govern essential functions of epithelial homeostasis. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a prototype epithelial malignancy, often with a high tumour mutational burden. A plethora of risk genes, dominated by UV-induced sun damage, drive disease progression in conjunction with stromal interactions and local immunomodulation, enabling continuous tumour growth. Recent studies have identified subpopulations of SCC cells that specifically interact with the tumour microenvironment. These advances, along with increased knowledge of the impact of germline genetics and somatic mutations on cSCC development, have led to a greater appreciation of the complexity of skin cancer pathogenesis and have enabled progress in neoadjuvant immunotherapy, which has improved pathological complete response rates. Although measures for the prevention and therapeutic management of cSCC are associated with clinical benefit, the prognosis remains poor for advanced disease. Elucidating how the genetic mechanisms that drive cSCC interact with the tumour microenvironment is a current focus in efforts to understand, prevent and treat cSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mårten C G Winge
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Laura N Kellman
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Program in Cancer Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Konnie Guo
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jean Y Tang
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Susan M Swetter
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Sumaira Z Aasi
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Kavita Y Sarin
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Anne Lynn S Chang
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Paul A Khavari
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA, USA.
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford Program in Cancer Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
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31
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Ferrarotto R, Bonini F, De Sousa LG. New and emerging drugs for the treatment of advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2023. [PMID: 37144289 DOI: 10.1080/14728214.2023.2208345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is the second most common form of human cancer. Treatment of locally advanced and/or recurrent CSCC is often challenging. A subset of patients are not candidates for curative-intent therapies due to extent of loco-regional disease, refractoriness to prior local therapy, or presence of distant metastasis. AREAS COVERED Traditionally, CSCC has been treated with surgery and/or radiotherapy, but in some instances, local therapies can lead to significant functional morbidity or are no longer feasible. Until 2018, systemic therapy options to treat patients with advanced CSCC were limited. Recently, clinical studies have shown activity of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICI) in patients with advanced CSCC. This article reviews the current systemic therapy options for CSCC with a focus on ICI and emerging promising therapies in the treatment of this challenging disease. EXPERT OPINION ICI is currently the most effective and tolerable systemic therapy in the treatment of non-immunosuppressed advanced CSCC and can lead to cure in a subset of patients. Combinatorial therapies to overcome resistance to ICI may further increase the proportion of patients who will benefit from ICI and may help improve the quantity and quality of life of patients affected by this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Ferrarotto
- Department of Thoracic-Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, United States
| | - Flavia Bonini
- Department of Thoracic-Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, United States
| | - Luana Guimaraes De Sousa
- Department of Thoracic-Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, United States
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32
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Anders IM, Schimmelpfennig C, Wiedemann K, Löffler D, Kämpf C, Blumert C, Reiche K, Kunz M, Anderegg U, Simon JC, Ziemer M. Atypisches Fibroxanthom und pleomorphes dermales Sarkom - Genexpressionsanalyse im Vergleich zum entdifferenzierten Plattenepithelkarzinom der Haut. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2023; 21:482-492. [PMID: 37183746 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.15006_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Iris Marie Anders
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig
| | | | - Karolin Wiedemann
- Abteilung Diagnostik, Fraunhofer-Institut für Zelltherapie und Immunologie IZI, Leipzig
| | - Dennis Löffler
- Abteilung Diagnostik, Fraunhofer-Institut für Zelltherapie und Immunologie IZI, Leipzig
| | - Christoph Kämpf
- Abteilung Diagnostik, Fraunhofer-Institut für Zelltherapie und Immunologie IZI, Leipzig
| | - Conny Blumert
- Abteilung Diagnostik, Fraunhofer-Institut für Zelltherapie und Immunologie IZI, Leipzig
| | - Kristin Reiche
- Abteilung Diagnostik, Fraunhofer-Institut für Zelltherapie und Immunologie IZI, Leipzig
- Institut für Klinische Immunologie, Universität Leipzig
| | - Manfred Kunz
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig
| | - Ulf Anderegg
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig
| | - Jan-Christoph Simon
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig
| | - Mirjana Ziemer
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig
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Cozma EC, Banciu LM, Soare C, Cretoiu SM. Update on the Molecular Pathology of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076646. [PMID: 37047618 PMCID: PMC10095059 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common skin cancer, originating from keratinocytes of the spinous layer. Numerous risk factors have been discovered for the initiation and growth of this type of cancer, such as exposure to UV and ionizing radiation, chemical carcinogens, the presence of immunosuppression states, chronic inflammation, infections with high-risk viral strains, and, last but not least, the presence of diseases associated with genetic alterations. The important socio-economic impact, as well as the difficulty associated with therapy for advanced forms, has made the molecular mechanisms underlying this neoplasia more and more intensively studied, with the intention of achieving a better understanding and advancing the treatment of this pathology. This review aims to provide a brief foray into the molecular, genetic, and epigenetic aspects of this cancer, as well as the treatment methods, ranging from the first used to the latest targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena-Codruta Cozma
- Dermatology Department, Elias University Emergency Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania
- Pathophysiology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Laura Madalina Banciu
- Dermatology Department, Elias University Emergency Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristina Soare
- Dermatology Department, Elias University Emergency Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania
- Surgery Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sanda-Maria Cretoiu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
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34
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Win TS, Tsao H. Keratinocytic skin cancers-Update on the molecular biology. Cancer 2023; 129:836-844. [PMID: 36645692 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.34635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Although much attention has been devoted to a detailed genomic exposition of cutaneous melanoma, other nonmelanoma skin cancers have also recently been subjected to similar analytical scrutiny. Chief among these are the most common malignancies worldwide: basal cell carcinomas and cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas. In this review, the authors summarize their latest knowledge about the molecular pathways and therapeutic opportunities attendant to these keratinocytic skin cancers. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY: The most common cancers in the United States arise from skin cells called keratinocytes. Although these tumors are not formally tracked by the National Cancer Institute, it is estimated that there are millions of skin cancers called basal cell carcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas. This article reviews the current recent genetic insights into these tumors and therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thet Su Win
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hensin Tsao
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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35
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Molecular basis of skin photoaging and therapeutic interventions by plant-derived natural product ingredients: A comprehensive review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13580. [PMID: 36895391 PMCID: PMC9988502 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin areas exposed to ultraviolet radiation (UV) from sunlight are more prone to photoaging than unexposed areas evidenced by several signs which include skin dryness, irregular pigmentation, lentigines, hyperpigmentation, wrinkling, and decreased elasticity. Plant-based natural product ingredients with therapeutic potential against skin photoaging are gaining more attention. This article aims the reviewing the research work done in exploring the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in UV-induced skin photoaging, followed by summarizing the mechanistic insights involved in its therapeutics by natural product-based ingredients. In the mechanistic section of the convoluted procedure of photoaging, we described the effect of UV radiation (UVR) on different cellular macromolecules (direct damage) and subsequently, the deleterious consequences of UVR-generated reactive oxygen species (indirect damage) and signaling pathways activated or inhibited by UV induced ROS generation in various cellular pathologies of skin photoaging like inflammation, extracellular matrix degradation, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and immune suppression. We also discussed the effect of UV radiation on the adipose tissue, and transient receptor potential cation channel V of photoaging skin. In the past few decades, mechanistic studies performed in this area have deciphered various therapeutic targets, opening avenues for different available therapeutic options against this pathological condition. So the remaining portion of the review deals with various natural product-based therapeutic agents available against skin photodamage.
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36
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Li X, Pan J, Wu Y, Xing H, An Z, Shi Z, Lv J, Zhang F, Jiang J, Wang D, Han RPS, Su B, Lu Y, Liu Q. MXene-based wireless facemask enabled wearable breath acetone detection for lipid metabolic monitoring. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 222:114945. [PMID: 36462428 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Breath acetone (BrAC) detection presents a promising scheme for noninvasive monitoring of metabolic health due to its close correlation to diets and exercise-regulated lipolysis. Herein, we report a Ti3C2Tx MXene-based wireless facemask for on-body BrAC detection and real-time tracking of lipid metabolism, where Ti3C2Tx MXene serves as a versatile nanoplatform for not only acetone detection but also breath interference filtration. The incorporation of in situ grown TiO2 and short peptides with Ti3C2Tx MXene further improves the acetone sensitivity and selectivity, while TiO2-MXene interfaces facilitate light-assisted response calibration. To further realize wearable breath monitoring, a miniaturized flexible detection tag has been integrated with a commercially available facemask, which enables facile BrAC detection and wireless data transmission. Through the hierarchically designed filtration-detection-calibration-transmission system, we realize BrAC detection down to 0.31 ppm (part per million) in breath. On-body breath tests validate the facemask in dynamically monitoring of lipid metabolism, which could guide dieter, athletes, and fitness enthusiasts to arrange diets and exercise activities. The proposed wearable platform opens up new possibility toward the practice of breath analysis as well as daily lipid metabolic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jingying Pan
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Huan Xing
- Cancer Research Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Zijian An
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Zhenghan Shi
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jingjiang Lv
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Fenni Zhang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Intelligent Perception Research Institute, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 311100, China
| | - Di Wang
- Intelligent Perception Research Institute, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 311100, China
| | - Ray P S Han
- Cancer Research Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Bin Su
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanli Lu
- Intelligent Perception Research Institute, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 311100, China.
| | - Qingjun Liu
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
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Teng Y, Huang Y, Danfeng X, Tao X, Fan Y. The Role of Probiotics in Skin Photoaging and Related Mechanisms: A Review. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2022; 15:2455-2464. [PMID: 36420112 PMCID: PMC9677255 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s388954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is the primary pathogenetic factor in skin photoaging. It can disrupt cellular homeostasis by damaging DNA, inducing an inflammatory cascade, immunosuppression, and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, resulting in a variety of dermatologic conditions. The skin microbiome plays an important role in the homeostasis and maintenance of healthy skin. Emerging evidence has indicated that highly diverse gut microbiome may also have an impact on the skin health, referred to as the gut-skin axis (GSA). Oral and topical probiotics through modulating the skin microbiome and gut-skin microbial interactions could serve as potential management to prevent and treat the skin photoaging by multiple pathways including reducing oxidative stress, inhibiting ECM remodeling, inhibiting the inflammatory cascade reaction, and maintaining immune homeostasis. In this review, the effects of oral and topical probiotics in skin photoaging and related mechanisms are both described systematically and comprehensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Teng
- Center for Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Youming Huang
- Center for Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Danfeng
- Center for Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Tao
- Center for Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yibin Fan
- Center for Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
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38
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Wang JY, Austin E, Jagdeo J. Visible red light does not induce DNA damage in human dermal fibroblasts. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2022; 15:e202200023. [PMID: 35894162 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Visible red light (RL) therapy is a rapidly expanding treatment option for dermatological conditions, including acne, psoriasis and chronic wounds. It is currently unknown if high fluences of RL induce DNA damage via reactive oxygen species (ROS) stress or other pathways. Our lab previously demonstrated that RL generates ROS in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). Other studies show that UV and blue light generate ROS and DNA damage in fibroblasts. This study aims to determine if RL induces DNA damage in HDFs. We found that 320 J/cm2 , 640 J/cm2 and 1280 J/cm2 RL (633 ± 6 nm) did not measurably increase DNA damage in the form of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) or 6-4 photoproducts (6-4PP) immediately, 3 hours and 24 hours following irradiation. Our study further supports that RL therapy is safe in human skin fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Y Wang
- Department of Dermatology, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Evan Austin
- Department of Dermatology, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Jared Jagdeo
- Department of Dermatology, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
- Dermatology Service, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System - Brooklyn Campus, Veterans Hospital, Brooklyn, New York, USA
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39
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Georgoulias G, Zaravinos A. Genomic landscape of the immunogenicity regulation in skin melanomas with diverse tumor mutation burden. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1006665. [PMID: 36389735 PMCID: PMC9650672 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1006665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin melanoma cells are tightly interconnected with their tumor microenvironment (TME), which influences their initiation, progression, and sensitivity/resistance to therapeutic interventions. An immune-active TME favors patient response to immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI), but not all patients respond to therapy. Here, we assessed differential gene expression in primary and metastatic tumors from the TCGA-SKCM dataset, compared to normal skin samples from the GTEx project and validated key findings across 4 independent GEO datasets, as well as using immunohistochemistry in independent patient cohorts. We focused our attention on examining the expression of various immune receptors, immune-cell fractions, immune-related signatures and mutational signatures across cutaneous melanomas with diverse tumor mutation burdens (TMB). Globally, the expression of most immunoreceptors correlated with patient survival, but did not differ between TMBhigh and TMBlow tumors. Melanomas were enriched in "naive T-cell", "effector memory T-cell", "exhausted T-cell", "resting Treg T-cell" and "Th1-like" signatures, irrespective of their BRAF, NF1 or RAS mutational status. Somatic mutations in IDO1 and HLA-DRA were frequent and could be involved in hindering patient response to ICI therapies. We finally analyzed transcriptome profiles of ICI-treated patients and associated their response with high levels of IFNγ, Merck18, CD274, CD8, and low levels of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and M2 macrophages, irrespective of their TMB status. Overall, our findings highlight the importance of pre-existing T-cell immunity in ICI therapeutic outcomes in skin melanoma and suggest that TMBlow patients could also benefit from such therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Georgoulias
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Apostolos Zaravinos
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Cancer Genetics, Genomics and Systems Biology laboratory, Basic and Translational Cancer Research Center (BTCRC), Nicosia, Cyprus
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40
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Metzger M, Hacobian A, Karner L, Krausgruber L, Grillari J, Dungel P. Resistance of Bacteria toward 475 nm Blue Light Exposure and the Possible Role of the SOS Response. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1499. [PMID: 36294934 PMCID: PMC9605056 DOI: 10.3390/life12101499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The increase in antibiotic resistance represents a major global challenge for our health systems and calls for alternative treatment options, such as antimicrobial light-based therapies. Blue light has shown promising results regarding the inactivation of a variety of microorganisms; however, most often, antimicrobial blue light (aBL) therapy is performed using wavelengths close to the UV range. Here we investigated whether inactivation was possible using blue light with a wavelength of 475 nm. Both Gram-positive and -negative bacterial strains were treated with blue light with fluences of 7.5-45 J/cm2. Interestingly, only some bacterial strains were susceptible to 475 nm blue light, which was associated with the lack of RecA, i.e., a fully functional DNA repair mechanism. We demonstrated that the insertion of the gene recA reduced the susceptibility of otherwise responsive bacterial strains, indicating a protective mechanism conveyed by the bacterial SOS response. However, mitigating this pathway via three known RecA inhibiting molecules (ZnAc, curcumin, and Fe(III)-PcTs) did not result in an increase in bactericidal action. Nonetheless, creating synergistic effects by combining a multitarget therapy, such as aBL, with an RecA targeting treatment could be a promising strategy to overcome the dilemma of antibiotic resistance in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Metzger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ara Hacobian
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa Karner
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Leonie Krausgruber
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Grillari
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Dungel
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
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41
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Jin SG, Padron F, Pfeifer GP. UVA Radiation, DNA Damage, and Melanoma. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:32936-32948. [PMID: 36157735 PMCID: PMC9494637 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is a lethal type of skin tumor that has been linked with sunlight exposure chiefly in fair-skinned human populations. Wavelengths from the sun that can reach the earth's surface include UVA radiation (320-400 nm) and UVB radiation (280-320 nm). UVB effectively induces the formation of dimeric DNA photoproducts, preferentially the cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs). The characteristic UVB signature mutations in the form of C to T mutations at dipyrimidine sequences are prevalent in melanoma tumor genomes and have been ascribed to deamination of cytosines within CPDs before DNA polymerase bypass. However, evidence from epidemiological, animal, and other experimental studies also suggest that UVA radiation may participate in melanoma formation. The DNA damage relevant for UVA includes specific types of CPDs at TT sequences and perhaps oxidative DNA damage to guanine, both induced by direct or indirect, photosensitization-mediated chemical and biophysical processes. We summarize the evidence for a potential role of UVA in melanoma and discuss some of the mechanistic pathways of how UVA may induce mutagenesis in melanocytes.
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Garcia-Ruiz A, Kornacker K, Brash DE. Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimer Hyperhotspots as Sensitive Indicators of Keratinocyte UV Exposure †. Photochem Photobiol 2022; 98:987-997. [PMID: 35944237 PMCID: PMC9802031 DOI: 10.1111/php.13683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The dominant DNA damage generated by UV exposure is the cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD), which alters skin cell physiology and induces cell death and mutation. Genome-wide nucleotide-resolution analysis of CPDs in melanocytes and fibroblasts has identified "CPD hyperhotspots", pyrimidine-pyrimidine sites hundreds of fold more susceptible to the generation of CPDs than the genomic average. Identifying hyperhotspots in keratinocytes could enable measuring individual past UV exposure in small skin samples and predicting future skin cancer risk. We therefore exposed neonatal human epidermal keratinocytes to narrowband UVB and quantified CPDs using the adductSeq high-throughput DNA sequencing method. Keratinocytes contained thousands of CPD hyperhotspots, with a UVB-sensitivity up to 550 fold greater than the genomic average. As with melanocytes, the most sensitive sites were located in promoter regions at ETS-family transcription factor binding sequence motifs, near RNA processing genes. Moreover, they lay at sequence motifs bound to ETS1 in CpG islands. These genes were specifically upregulated in skin and the CPD hyperhotspots were mutated in a fraction of keratinocyte cancers. Crucially for their biological importance and practical application, CPD hyperhotspot locations and UV-sensitivity ranking demonstrated high reproducibility across experiments and across skin donors. CPD hyperhotspots are therefore sensitive indicators of UV exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Garcia-Ruiz
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8040, USA
| | | | - Douglas E. Brash
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8040, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8059, USA
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8028, USA
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43
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Franken SM, Spiekstra SW, Waaijman T, Lissenberg‐Witte B, Rustemeyer T. Carcinogenic effects of prolonged daily low‐emission phototherapy in psoriasis. PHOTODERMATOLOGY, PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2022; 38:442-450. [PMID: 34967469 PMCID: PMC9541771 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Taco Waaijman
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology Amsterdam UMC Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Birgit Lissenberg‐Witte
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science Amsterdam UMC VU Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands
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44
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Goyal K, Goel H, Baranwal P, Dixit A, Khan F, Jha NK, Kesari KK, Pandey P, Pandey A, Benjamin M, Maurya A, Yadav V, Sinh RS, Tanwar P, Upadhyay TK, Mittan S. Unravelling the molecular mechanism of mutagenic factors impacting human health. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:61993-62013. [PMID: 34410595 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15442-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Environmental mutagens are chemical and physical substances in the environment that has a potential to induce a wide range of mutations and generate multiple physiological, biochemical, and genetic modifications in humans. Most mutagens are having genotoxic effects on the following generation through germ cells. The influence of germinal mutations on health will be determined by their frequency, nature, and the mechanisms that keep a specific mutation in the population. Early prenatal lethal mutations have less public health consequences than genetic illnesses linked with long-term medical and social difficulties. Physical and chemical mutagens are common mutagens found in the environment. These two environmental mutagens have been associated with multiple neurological disorders and carcinogenesis in humans. Thus in this study, we aim to unravel the molecular mechanism of physical mutagens (UV rays, X-rays, gamma rays), chemical mutagens (dimethyl sulfate (DMS), bisphenol A (BPA), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 5-chlorocytosine (5ClC)), and several heavy metals (Ar, Pb, Al, Hg, Cd, Cr) implicated in DNA damage, carcinogenesis, chromosomal abnormalities, and oxidative stress which leads to multiple disorders and impacting human health. Biological tests for mutagen detection are crucial; therefore, we also discuss several approaches (Ames test and Mutatox test) to estimate mutagenic factors in the environment. The potential risks of environmental mutagens impacting humans require a deeper basic knowledge of human genetics as well as ongoing research on humans, animals, and their tissues and fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshav Goyal
- Department of Microbiology, Ram Lal Anand College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Harsh Goel
- Department of Laboratory Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pritika Baranwal
- Department of Microbiology, Ram Lal Anand College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Aman Dixit
- Department of Microbiology, Ram Lal Anand College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Fahad Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering & Technology, 19, Knowledge Park-II, Institutional Area, Greater Noida, 201306, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | | | - Pratibha Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering & Technology, 19, Knowledge Park-II, Institutional Area, Greater Noida, 201306, India
| | - Avanish Pandey
- Department of Laboratory Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mercilena Benjamin
- Department of Laboratory Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ankit Maurya
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vandana Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rana Suryauday Sinh
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology Centre, Maharaja Sayajirao University, Baroda, India
| | - Pranay Tanwar
- Department of Laboratory Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Tarun Kumar Upadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences & Centre of Research for Development, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.
| | - Sandeep Mittan
- Department of Cardiology, Ichan School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, USA
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Zhao Y, Dong J, Liao Y, Wang H, Zhou D, Kang J, Chen X. Identification and validation of four photodynamic therapy related genes inhibiting MAPK and inducing cell cycle alteration in squamous cell carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:946493. [PMID: 35992777 PMCID: PMC9386316 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.946493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common skin cancer, and photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising modality against cSCC. This study investigated the impact of PDT on the MAPK pathway and cell cycle alternation of cSCC as well as the related molecular mechanisms. Method Expressing mRNA profile data sets GSE98767, GSE45216, and GSE84758 were acquired from the GEO database. The functions of differently expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) analysis were used to establish a diagnosis model based on GSE98767. A correlation analysis and a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network were used to evaluate the relationship between cSCC-PDT-related genes and the MAPK pathway. Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was performed on GSE98767 to estimate MAPK activation and cell cycle activity. Finally, the effect of MAPK activation on the cell cycle was explored in vitro. Result Four cSCC-PDT-related genes, DUSP6, EFNB2, DNAJB1, and CCNL1, were identified as diagnostic markers of cSCC, which were upregulated in cSCC or LC50 PDT-protocol treatment and negatively correlated with the MAPK promoter. Despite having a smaller MAPK activation score, cSCC showed higher cell cycle activity. The PDT treatment suppressed the G1 to G2/M phase in JNK overexpressed A431 cells. Conclusion CCNL1, DNAJB1, DUSP6, and EFNB2 were identified as potential PDT target genes in cSCC treatment, whose potential therapeutic mechanism was inhibiting the MAPK pathway and inducing cell cycle alternation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchao Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianxiang Dong
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuxuan Liao
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongyi Wang
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dawei Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jian Kang
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Jian Kang, ; Xiang Chen,
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Jian Kang, ; Xiang Chen,
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Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Potential Benefits and Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158530. [PMID: 35955666 PMCID: PMC9368833 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) are recognized as among the most common neoplasms, mostly in white people, with an increasing incidence rate. Among the NMSCs, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most prevalent malignancy known to affect people with a fair complexion who are exposed to extreme ultraviolet radiation (UVR), have a hereditary predisposition, or are immunosuppressed. There are several extrinsic and intrinsic determinants that contribute to the pathophysiology of the SCC. The therapeutic modalities depend on the SCC stages, from actinic keratosis to late-stage multiple metastases. Standard treatments include surgical excision, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. As SCC represents a favorable tumor microenvironment with high tumor mutational burden, infiltration of immune cells, and expression of immune checkpoints, the SCC tumors are highly responsive to immunotherapies. Until now, there are three checkpoint inhibitors, cemiplimab, pembrolizumab, and nivolumab, that are approved for the treatment of advanced, recurrent, or metastatic SCC patients in the United States. Immunotherapy possesses significant therapeutic benefits for patients with metastatic or locally advanced tumors not eligible for surgery or radiotherapy to avoid the potential toxicity caused by the chemotherapies. Despite the high tolerability and efficiency, the existence of some challenges has been revealed such as, resistance to immunotherapy, less availability of the biomarkers, and difficulty in appropriate patient selection. This review aims to accumulate evidence regarding the genetic alterations related to SCC, the factors that contribute to the potential benefits of immunotherapy, and the challenges to follow this treatment regime.
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Bernerd F, Passeron T, Castiel I, Marionnet C. The Damaging Effects of Long UVA (UVA1) Rays: A Major Challenge to Preserve Skin Health and Integrity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158243. [PMID: 35897826 PMCID: PMC9368482 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Within solar ultraviolet (UV) light, the longest UVA1 wavelengths, with significant and relatively constant levels all year round and large penetration properties, produce effects in all cutaneous layers. Their effects, mediated by numerous endogenous chromophores, primarily involve the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The resulting oxidative stress is the major mode of action of UVA1, responsible for lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, DNA lesions and subsequent intracellular signaling cascades. These molecular changes lead to mutations, apoptosis, dermis remodeling, inflammatory reactions and abnormal immune responses. The altered biological functions contribute to clinical consequences such as hyperpigmentation, inflammation, photoimmunosuppression, sun allergies, photoaging and photocancers. Such harmful impacts have also been reported after the use of UVA1 phototherapy or tanning beds. Furthermore, other external aggressors, such as pollutants and visible light (Vis), were shown to induce independent, cumulative and synergistic effects with UVA1 rays. In this review, we synthetize the biological and clinical effects of UVA1 and the complementary effects of UVA1 with pollutants or Vis. The identified deleterious biological impact of UVA1 contributing to clinical consequences, combined with the predominance of UVA1 rays in solar UV radiation, constitute a solid rational for the need for a broad photoprotection, including UVA1 up to 400 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Françoise Bernerd
- L’Oréal Research and Innovation, 1 Avenue Eugène Schueller, 93600 Aulnay sous Bois, France;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)1-48-68-95-95
| | - Thierry Passeron
- Department of Dermatology, CHU Nice, University Côte d’Azur, 151, Route de Ginestière, 06200 Nice, France;
- Research Center C3M, INSERM Unit 1065, University Côte d’Azur, 06200 Nice, France
| | - Isabelle Castiel
- L’Oréal Research and Innovation, 3 Rue Dora Maar, 93400 Saint-Ouen, France;
| | - Claire Marionnet
- L’Oréal Research and Innovation, 1 Avenue Eugène Schueller, 93600 Aulnay sous Bois, France;
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Abundance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is associated with tumor aggressiveness, immune response, and worse survival in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2022; 194:231-241. [PMID: 35639264 PMCID: PMC9987174 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-022-06633-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are oxygen-containing molecules that have high reactivity and play roles in protection or harm the cancer cells. We aimed to clarify the clinical relevance of ROS in breast cancer (BC) tumor microenvironment (TME). We hypothesized that it is associated with worse BC patient outcomes. METHODS ROS score was generated by Gene Set Variation Analysis of Hallmark ROS pathway gene set and a total of 6245 BC patients were analyzed. RESULTS High ROS BC significantly enriched cell proliferation-related gene sets (MYC targets v1 and v2, G2M checkpoint, E2F targets), pro-cancer-related gene sets (DNA repair, unfolded protein response, MTORC1 signaling, PI3K/AKT/MTOR signaling, glycolysis, and oxidative phosphorylation), immune-related gene sets (inflammatory response, allograft rejection, interferon-α and γ responses, complement, and IL6/JAK/STAT3 signaling), and infiltrated immune cells (CD4+ memory and CD8+ T cells, Th1 and Th2, dendritic cells, Tregs, M1 and M2 macrophages) and B cells, as well as elevated cytolytic activity consistently in both METABRIC and GSE96058 cohorts. Cancer cells were the major source of ROS in BC TME of single-cell sequence (GSE75688) cohort. High ROS was associated with intratumor heterogeneity, homologous recombination defects, mutation rates, and neoantigens, and with clinical aggressiveness in AJCC stage, Nottingham grade and Ki67 expression, as well as worse overall survival in both GSE96058 and METABRIC, and with worse disease-specific survival in METABRIC. CONCLUSION Abundant ROS in BC patients is associated with abundant mutations, aggressive cancer biology, immune response, and worse survival.
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Yoshioka A, Nakaoka H, Fukumoto T, Inoue I, Nishigori C, Kunisada M. The landscape of genetic alterations of UVB-induced skin tumors in DNA repair-deficient mice. Exp Dermatol 2022; 31:1607-1617. [PMID: 35751582 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is mainly caused by ultraviolet (UV)-induced somatic mutations and is characterized by UV signature modifications. Xeroderma pigmentosum group A (Xpa) knockout mice exhibit extreme UV-induced photo-skin carcinogenesis, along with a photosensitive phenotype. We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) samples after repetitive ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure to investigate the differences in the landscape of somatic mutations between Xpa knockout and wild-type mice. Although the tumors that developed in mice harbored UV signature mutations in a similar set of cancer-related genes, the pattern of transcriptional strand asymmetry was largely different; UV signature mutations in Xpa knockout and wild-type mice preferentially occurred in transcribed and non-transcribed strands, respectively, reflecting a deficiency in transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair in Xpa knockout mice. Serial time point analyses of WES for a tumor induced by only a single UVB exposure showed pathogenic mutations in Kras, Fat1, and Kmt2c, which may be driver genes for the initiation and promotion of SCC in Xpa knockout mice. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects on tumor production in Xpa knockout mice by the anti-inflammatory CXCL1 monoclonal antibody affected the pattern of somatic mutations, wherein the transcriptional strand asymmetry was attenuated and the activated signal transduction was shifted from the RAS/RAF/MAPK to the PIK3CA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Yoshioka
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Nakaoka
- Department of Cancer Genome Research, Sasaki Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Human Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fukumoto
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ituro Inoue
- Human Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Chikako Nishigori
- Division of Research on Intractable Dermatological Disease, Department of iPS cell Applications, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Makoto Kunisada
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
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Laczi D, Johnstone MD, Fleming CL. Photoresponsive Small Molecule Inhibitors for the Remote Control of Enzyme Activity. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200200. [PMID: 35446477 PMCID: PMC9322446 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The development of new and effective therapeutics is reliant on the ability to study the underlying mechanisms of potential drug targets in live cells and multicellular systems. A persistent challenge in many drug development programmes is poor selectivity, which can obscure the mechanisms involved and lead to poorly understood modes of action. In efforts to improve our understanding of these complex processes, small molecule inhibitors have been developed in which their OFF/ON therapeutic activity can be toggled using light. Photopharmacology is devoted to using light to modulate drugs. Herein, we highlight the recent progress made towards the development of light-responsive small molecule inhibitors of selected enzymatic targets. Given the size of this field, literature from 2015 onwards has been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dóra Laczi
- Centre for Biomedical and Chemical SciencesSchool of ScienceAuckland University of TechnologyPrivate Bag 92006Auckland1142New Zealand
| | - Mark D. Johnstone
- Centre for Biomedical and Chemical SciencesSchool of ScienceAuckland University of TechnologyPrivate Bag 92006Auckland1142New Zealand
| | - Cassandra L. Fleming
- Centre for Biomedical and Chemical SciencesSchool of ScienceAuckland University of TechnologyPrivate Bag 92006Auckland1142New Zealand
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