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Pena-Leon V, Perez-Lois R, Villalon M, Prida E, Muñoz-Moreno D, Fernø J, Quiñones M, Al-Massadi O, Seoane LM. Novel mechanisms involved in leptin sensitization in obesity. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 223:116129. [PMID: 38490517 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Leptin is a hormone that is secreted by adipocytes in proportion to adipose tissue size, and that informs the brain about the energy status of the body. Leptin acts through its receptor LepRb, expressed mainly in the hypothalamus, and induces a negative energy balance by potent inhibition of feeding and activation of energy expenditure. These actions have led to huge expectations for the development of therapeutic targets for metabolic complications based on leptin-derived compounds. However, the majority of patients with obesity presents elevated leptin production, suggesting that in this setting leptin is ineffective in the regulation of energy balance. This resistance to the action of leptin in obesity has led to the development of "leptin sensitizers," which have been tested in preclinical studies. Much research has focused on generating combined treatments that act on multiple levels of the gastrointestinal-brain axis. The gastrointestinal-brain axis secretes a variety of different anorexigenic signals, such as uroguanylin, glucagon-like peptide-1, amylin, or cholecystokinin, which can alleviate the resistance to leptin action. Moreover, alternative mechanism such as pharmacokinetics, proteostasis, the role of specific kinases, chaperones, ER stress and neonatal feeding modifications are also implicated in leptin resistance. This review will cover the current knowledge regarding the interaction of leptin with different endocrine factors from the gastrointestinal-brain axis and other novel mechanisms that improve leptin sensitivity in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Pena-Leon
- Grupo Fisiopatología Endocrina, Departamento de Endocrinología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Raquel Perez-Lois
- Grupo Fisiopatología Endocrina, Departamento de Endocrinología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria Villalon
- Grupo Fisiopatología Endocrina, Departamento de Endocrinología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Eva Prida
- Translational Endocrinology group, Endocrinology Section, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (IDIS/CHUS), Santiago de Compostela, Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Diego Muñoz-Moreno
- Translational Endocrinology group, Endocrinology Section, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (IDIS/CHUS), Santiago de Compostela, Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Johan Fernø
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5201 Bergen, Norway
| | - Mar Quiñones
- Grupo Fisiopatología Endocrina, Departamento de Endocrinología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Omar Al-Massadi
- Translational Endocrinology group, Endocrinology Section, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (IDIS/CHUS), Santiago de Compostela, Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Luisa M Seoane
- Grupo Fisiopatología Endocrina, Departamento de Endocrinología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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2
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Vilariño-García T, Polonio-González ML, Pérez-Pérez A, Ribalta J, Arrieta F, Aguilar M, Obaya JC, Gimeno-Orna JA, Iglesias P, Navarro J, Durán S, Pedro-Botet J, Sánchez-Margalet V. Role of Leptin in Obesity, Cardiovascular Disease, and Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2338. [PMID: 38397015 PMCID: PMC10888594 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a highly prevalent disease worldwide, estimated to affect 1 in every 11 adults; among them, 90-95% of cases are type 2 diabetes mellitus. This is partly attributed to the surge in the prevalence of obesity, which has reached epidemic proportions since 2008. In these patients, cardiovascular (CV) risk stands as the primary cause of morbidity and mortality, placing a substantial burden on healthcare systems due to the potential for macrovascular and microvascular complications. In this context, leptin, an adipocyte-derived hormone, plays a fundamental role. This hormone is essential for regulating the cellular metabolism and energy balance, controlling inflammatory responses, and maintaining CV system homeostasis. Thus, leptin resistance not only contributes to weight gain but may also lead to increased cardiac inflammation, greater fibrosis, hypertension, and impairment of the cardiac metabolism. Understanding the relationship between leptin resistance and CV risk in obese individuals with type 2 DM (T2DM) could improve the management and prevention of this complication. Therefore, in this narrative review, we will discuss the evidence linking leptin with the presence, severity, and/or prognosis of obesity and T2DM regarding CV disease, aiming to shed light on the potential implications for better management and preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Vilariño-García
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, University of Seville, Seville 41013, Spain;
| | - María L. Polonio-González
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009, Spain; (M.L.P.-G.); (A.P.-P.)
| | - Antonio Pérez-Pérez
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009, Spain; (M.L.P.-G.); (A.P.-P.)
| | - Josep Ribalta
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, University Rovira i Vigili, IISPV, CIBERDEM, 43007 Tarragona, Spain;
| | - Francisco Arrieta
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Manuel Aguilar
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz University (UCA), 11001 Cádiz, Spain;
| | - Juan C. Obaya
- Chopera Helath Center, Alcobendas Primary Care,Alcobendas 28100 Madrid, Spain;
| | - José A. Gimeno-Orna
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clinico Universitario Lozano Blesa, 15 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Pedro Iglesias
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Puerta de Hierro University Hospital, Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Jorge Navarro
- Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia,46011 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Santiago Durán
- Endodiabesidad Clínica Durán & Asociados,41018 Seville, Spain;
| | - Juan Pedro-Botet
- Lipids and Cardiovascular Risk Unit, Hospital del Mar, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Víctor Sánchez-Margalet
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009, Spain; (M.L.P.-G.); (A.P.-P.)
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Virgen Macarena, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain
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3
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Mao H, Kim GH, Qi L. SEL1L-HRD1 ER-associated degradation regulates leptin receptor maturation and signaling in POMC neurons in diet-induced obesity. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3768472. [PMID: 38260335 PMCID: PMC10802724 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3768472/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis in the hypothalamus has been implicated in the pathogenesis of certain patho-physiological conditions such as diet-induced obesity (DIO) and type 2 diabetes; however, the significance of ER quality control mechanism(s) and its underlying mechanism remain largely unclear and highly controversial in some cases. Moreover, how the biogenesis of nascent leptin receptor in the ER is regulated remains largely unexplored. Here we report that the SEL1L-HRD1 protein complex of the highly conserved ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD) machinery in POMC neurons is indispensable for leptin signaling in diet-induced obesity. SEL1L-HRD1 ERAD is constitutively expressed in hypothalamic POMC neurons. Loss of SEL1L in POMC neurons attenuates leptin signaling and predisposes mice to HFD-associated pathologies including leptin resistance. Mechanistically, newly synthesized leptin receptors, both wildtype and disease-associated human mutant Cys604Ser (Cys602Ser in mice), are misfolding prone and bona fide substrates of SEL1L-HRD1 ERAD. Indeed, defects in SEL1L-HRD1 ERAD markedly impair the maturation of these receptors and causes their ER retention. This study not only uncovers a new role of SEL1L-HRD1 ERAD in the pathogenesis of diet-induced obesity and central leptin resistance, but a new regulatory mechanism for leptin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hancheng Mao
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Geun Hyang Kim
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Present address: Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, New York 10591, USA
| | - Ling Qi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
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4
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Altarejos JY, Pangilinan J, Podgrabinska S, Akinci B, Foss-Freitas M, Neidert AH, Ray Y, Zheng W, Kim S, Kamat V, Huang M, Min S, Mastaitis J, Dominguez-Gutierrez G, Kim JH, Stevis P, Huang T, Zambrowicz B, Olson WC, Godin S, Bradley E, Gewitz AD, Baker M, Hench R, Davenport MS, Chenevert TL, DiPaola F, Yancopoulos GD, Murphy AJ, Herman GA, Musser BJ, Dansky H, Harp J, Gromada J, Sleeman MW, Oral EA, Olenchock BA. Preclinical, randomized phase 1, and compassionate use evaluation of REGN4461, a leptin receptor agonist antibody for leptin deficiency. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadd4897. [PMID: 37992152 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.add4897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Deficiency in the adipose-derived hormone leptin or leptin receptor signaling causes class 3 obesity in individuals with genetic loss-of-function mutations in leptin or its receptor LEPR and metabolic and liver disease in individuals with hypoleptinemia secondary to lipoatrophy such as in individuals with generalized lipodystrophy. Therapies that restore leptin-LEPR signaling may resolve these metabolic sequelae. We developed a fully human monoclonal antibody (mAb), REGN4461 (mibavademab), that activates the human LEPR in the absence or presence of leptin. In obese leptin knockout mice, REGN4461 normalized body weight, food intake, blood glucose, and insulin sensitivity. In a mouse model of generalized lipodystrophy, REGN4461 alleviated hyperphagia, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hepatic steatosis. In a phase 1, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled two-part study, REGN4461 was well tolerated with an acceptable safety profile. Treatment of individuals with overweight or obesity with REGN4461 decreased body weight over 12 weeks in those with low circulating leptin concentrations (<8 ng/ml) but had no effect on body weight in individuals with higher baseline leptin. Furthermore, compassionate-use treatment of a single patient with atypical partial lipodystrophy and a history of undetectable leptin concentrations associated with neutralizing antibodies to metreleptin was associated with noteable improvements in circulating triglycerides and hepatic steatosis. Collectively, these translational data unveil an agonist LEPR mAb that may provide clinical benefit in disorders associated with relatively low leptin concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Y Altarejos
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Jeffrey Pangilinan
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Simona Podgrabinska
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Baris Akinci
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, 35340 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Maria Foss-Freitas
- Brehm Center for Diabetes Research, Caswell Diabetes Institute, and Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Adam H Neidert
- Brehm Center for Diabetes Research, Caswell Diabetes Institute, and Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yonaton Ray
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Wenjun Zheng
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Steven Kim
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Vishal Kamat
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Meilin Huang
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Soo Min
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Jason Mastaitis
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | - Jee-Hae Kim
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Panayiotis Stevis
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Tammy Huang
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Brian Zambrowicz
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - William C Olson
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Stephen Godin
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Elizabeth Bradley
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Andrew D Gewitz
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Mark Baker
- Brehm Center for Diabetes Research, Caswell Diabetes Institute, and Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Rita Hench
- Brehm Center for Diabetes Research, Caswell Diabetes Institute, and Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Matthew S Davenport
- Department of Radiology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Thomas L Chenevert
- Department of Radiology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Frank DiPaola
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - George D Yancopoulos
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Andrew J Murphy
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Gary A Herman
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Bret J Musser
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Hayes Dansky
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Joyce Harp
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Jesper Gromada
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Mark W Sleeman
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Elif A Oral
- Brehm Center for Diabetes Research, Caswell Diabetes Institute, and Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Benjamin A Olenchock
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
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Ruck L, Wiegand S, Kühnen P. Relevance and consequence of chronic inflammation for obesity development. Mol Cell Pediatr 2023; 10:16. [PMID: 37957462 PMCID: PMC10643747 DOI: 10.1186/s40348-023-00170-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing prevalence of morbid obesity accompanied by comorbidities like type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) led to a demand for improving therapeutic strategies and pharmacological intervention options. Apart from genetics, inflammation processes have been hypothesized to be of importance for the development of obesity and related aspects like insulin resistance. MAIN TEXT Within this review, we provide an overview of the intricate interplay between chronic inflammation of the adipose tissue and the hypothalamus and the development of obesity. Further understanding of this relationship might improve the understanding of the underlying mechanism and may be of relevance for the establishment of new treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Ruck
- Klinik Für Pädiatrische Endokrinologie und Diabetologie, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, BIH Charité Junior Clinician Scientist Program, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Susanna Wiegand
- Abteilung Interdisziplinär, Sozial-Pädiatrisches Zentrum, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Kühnen
- Klinik Für Pädiatrische Endokrinologie und Diabetologie, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
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Kian N, Bagheri A, Salmanpour F, Soltani A, Mohajer Z, Samieefar N, Barekatain B, Kelishadi R. Breast feeding, obesity, and asthma association: clinical and molecular views. Clin Mol Allergy 2023; 21:8. [PMID: 37789370 PMCID: PMC10546753 DOI: 10.1186/s12948-023-00189-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic condition that affects children worldwide. Accumulating number of studies reported that the prevalence of pediatric obesity and asthma might be altered through breastfeeding. It has been proposed that Leptin, which exists in human milk, is oppositely associated with weight increase in newborns. It may also influence peripheral immune system by promoting TH1 responses and suppressing TH2 cytokines. Leptin influences body weight and immune responses through complex signaling pathways at molecular level. Although previous studies provide explanations for the protective role of breastfeeding against both obesity and asthma, other factors such as duration of breastfeeding, parental, and prenatal factors may confound this relationship which requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naghmeh Kian
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- USERN Office, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Interdisciplinarity in Neonates and Infants (NINI), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Bagheri
- USERN Office, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Interdisciplinarity in Neonates and Infants (NINI), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Fardis Salmanpour
- USERN Office, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Interdisciplinarity in Neonates and Infants (NINI), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Soltani
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- USERN Office, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Interdisciplinarity in Neonates and Infants (NINI), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Mohajer
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- USERN Office, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Interdisciplinarity in Neonates and Infants (NINI), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Noosha Samieefar
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- USERN Office, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Interdisciplinarity in Neonates and Infants (NINI), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Barekatain
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Network of Interdisciplinarity in Neonates and Infants (NINI), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
- USERN Office, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Fan X, Yuan W, Huang W, Lin Z. Recent progress in leptin signaling from a structural perspective and its implications for diseases. Biochimie 2023; 212:60-75. [PMID: 37080418 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
As a multi-potency cytokine, leptin not only plays a crucial role in controlling weight and energy homeostasis but also participates in the metabolic balance in the human body. Leptin is a small helical protein with a molecular weight of 16 kDa. It can interact with multiple subtypes of its receptors to initiate intracellular signal transduction and exerts physiological effects. Disturbances in leptin signaling may lead to obesity and a variety of metabolic diseases. Leptin was also found to be a critical factor in many diseases of the elderly. In this review, we focus on recent advances in the structural and molecular mechanisms of leptin signaling through its receptors with the aim of a deeper understanding of leptin-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Fan
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Wensu Yuan
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Weidong Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, PR China.
| | - Zhi Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China.
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8
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Wang Y, Fang S, Zhou H. Pathogenic role of Th17 cells in autoimmune thyroid disease and their underlying mechanisms. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 37:101743. [PMID: 36841747 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2023.101743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune thyroid disease, encompassing Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis, has a very complex etiology. Pathogenesis of the disease involves both genetic susceptibility and environmental triggers. Traditionally, imbalance of T helper cell 1 and 2 was thought to result in the immune disorders in Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. However, increasing evidence recently revealed the important role of T helper 17 cell and its relative cellular and secretory components in the pathogenesis and progression of autoimmune thyroid disease. This review is aimed to summarize the published studies on the involvement of T helper 17 cell in autoimmune thyroid disease and discuss the underlying regulatory mechanisms, which could possibly serve as the foundation of discovering new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, China; Chinese Consortium for Thyroid Eye Disease (CCTED), China; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Sijie Fang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, China; Chinese Consortium for Thyroid Eye Disease (CCTED), China; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Huifang Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, China; Chinese Consortium for Thyroid Eye Disease (CCTED), China.
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9
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Li YJ, Zhang C, Martincuks A, Herrmann A, Yu H. STAT proteins in cancer: orchestration of metabolism. Nat Rev Cancer 2023; 23:115-134. [PMID: 36596870 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-022-00537-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Reprogrammed metabolism is a hallmark of cancer. However, the metabolic dependency of cancer, from tumour initiation through disease progression and therapy resistance, requires a spectrum of distinct reprogrammed cellular metabolic pathways. These pathways include aerobic glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, reactive oxygen species generation, de novo lipid synthesis, fatty acid β-oxidation, amino acid (notably glutamine) metabolism and mitochondrial metabolism. This Review highlights the central roles of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins, notably STAT3, STAT5, STAT6 and STAT1, in orchestrating the highly dynamic metabolism not only of cancer cells but also of immune cells and adipocytes in the tumour microenvironment. STAT proteins are able to shape distinct metabolic processes that regulate tumour progression and therapy resistance by transducing signals from metabolites, cytokines, growth factors and their receptors; defining genetic programmes that regulate a wide range of molecules involved in orchestration of metabolism in cancer and immune cells; and regulating mitochondrial activity at multiple levels, including energy metabolism and lipid-mediated mitochondrial integrity. Given the central role of STAT proteins in regulation of metabolic states, they are potential therapeutic targets for altering metabolic reprogramming in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jia Li
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Chunyan Zhang
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Antons Martincuks
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
- Sorrento Therapeutics, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Hua Yu
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA.
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10
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Shah BP, Sleiman PM, Mc Donald J, Moeller IH, Kleyn P. Functional characterization of all missense variants in LEPR, PCSK1, and POMC genes arising from single-nucleotide variants. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2023; 18:209-219. [PMID: 36864747 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2023.2179985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hyperphagia and early-onset, severe obesity are clinical characteristics of rare melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) pathway diseases due to loss-of-function (LOF) variants in genes comprising the MC4R pathway. In vitro functional characterization of 12,879 possible exonic missense variants from single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) of LEPR, POMC, and PCSK1 was performed to determine the impact of these variants on protein function. METHODS SNVs of the three genes were transiently transfected into cell lines, and each variant was subsequently classified according to functional impact. We validated three assays by comparing classifications against functional characterization of 29 previously published variants. RESULTS Our results significantly correlated with previously published pathogenic categories (r = 0.623; P = 3.03 × 10-4) of all potential missense variants arising from SNVs. Of all observed variants identified through available databases and a tested cohort of 16,061 patients with obesity, 8.6% of LEPR, 63.2% of PCSK1, and 10.6% of POMC variants exhibited LOF, including variants currently classified as a variant of uncertain significance (VUS). CONCLUSIONS The functional data provided here can assist in the reclassification of several VUS in LEPR, PCSK1, and POMC and highlight their impact in MC4R pathway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavik P Shah
- Rhythm Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Boston, MA, USA
- Bridgebio Pharma, Palo Alto, CA
| | | | | | - Ida H Moeller
- Rhythm Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Boston, MA, USA
- Sarepta Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
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11
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Zhang KW, Jia Y, Li YY, Guo DY, Li XX, Hu K, Qian XX, Chen ZH, Wu JJ, Yuan ZD, Yuan FL. LEP and LEPR are possibly a double-edged sword for wound healing. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:355-365. [PMID: 36571294 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex and error-prone process. Wound healing in adults often leads to the formation of scars, a type of fibrotic tissue that lacks skin appendages. Hypertrophic scars and keloids can also form when the wound-healing process goes wrong. Leptin (Lep) and leptin receptors (LepRs) have recently been shown to affect multiple stages of wound healing. This effect, however, is paradoxical for scarless wound healing. On the one hand, Lep exerts pro-inflammatory and profibrotic effects; on the other hand, Lep can regulate hair follicle growth. This paper summarises the role of Lep and LepRs on cells in different stages of wound healing, briefly introduces the process of wound healing and Lep and LepRs, and examines the possibility of promoting scarless wound healing through spatiotemporal, systemic, and local regulation of Lep levels and the binding of Lep and LepRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Wen Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuxi Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Yuan Jia
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuxi Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Yue-Yue Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Dan-Yang Guo
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Li
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuxi Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Kai Hu
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuxi Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiao-Xi Qian
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuxi Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- Department of Medicine, The Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jun-Jie Wu
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Hospital Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zheng-Dong Yuan
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Hospital Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Feng-Lai Yuan
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuxi Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China.,Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Hospital Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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12
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Li R, Dong F, Zhang L, Ni X, Lin G. Role of adipocytokines in endometrial cancer progression. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1090227. [PMID: 36578551 PMCID: PMC9791063 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1090227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is considered a significant barrier to increasing life expectancy and remains one of the most common malignant cancers among women in many countries worldwide. The increasing mortality rates are potentially proportional to the increasing obesity incidence. Adipose tissue secretes numerous adipocytokines, which may play important roles in endometrial cancer progression. In this scenario, we describe the role of adipocytokines in cell proliferation, cell invasion, cell adhesion, inflammation, angiogenesis, and anti-apoptotic action. A better understanding of the mechanisms of these adipocytokines may open up new therapeutic avenues for women with endometrial cancer. In the future, larger prospective studies focusing on adipocytokines and specific inhibitors should be directed at preventing the rapidly increasing prevalence of gynecological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Li
- School of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, Huaian, China
| | - Fang Dong
- School of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, Huaian, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- School of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, Huaian, China
| | - Xiuqin Ni
- School of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, Huaian, China
| | - Guozhi Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital to Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China,*Correspondence: Guozhi Lin,
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13
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Wang Y, Hu C. Leptin and Asthma: What Are the Interactive Correlations? Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121780. [PMID: 36551211 PMCID: PMC9775505 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin is an adipokine directly correlated with the proinflammatory obese-associated phenotype. Leptin has been demonstrated to inhibit adipogenesis, promote fat demarcation, promote a chronic inflammatory state, increase insulin sensitivity, and promote angiogenesis. Leptin, a regulator of the immune response, is implicated in the pathology of asthma. Studies involved in the key cell reaction and animal models of asthma have provided vital insights into the proinflammatory role of leptin in asthma. Many studies described the immune cell and related cellular pathways activated by leptin, which are beneficial in asthma development and increasing exacerbations. Subsequent studies relating to animal models support the role of leptin in increasing inflammatory cell infiltration, airway hyperresponsiveness, and inflammatory responses. However, the conclusive effects of leptin in asthma are not well elaborated. In the present study, we explored the general functions and the clinical cohort study supporting the association between leptin and asthma. The main objective of our review is to address the knowns and unknowns of leptin on asthma. In this perspective, the arguments about the different faces of leptin in asthma are provided to picture the potential directions, thus yielding a better understanding of asthma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine (Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Chengping Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine (Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Correspondence:
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14
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Kwiat VR, Reis G, Valera IC, Parvatiyar K, Parvatiyar MS. Autoimmunity as a sequela to obesity and systemic inflammation. Front Physiol 2022; 13:887702. [PMID: 36479348 PMCID: PMC9720168 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.887702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The rising prevalence of obesity presents a world-wide challenge as it is associated with numerous comorbidities including cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance and hypertension. Obesity-associated illnesses are estimated to cause nearly 4 million deaths globally per year, therefore there is a critical need to better understand associated pathogenesis, identify new therapeutic targets, and develop new interventions. Emerging data identify a key role for chronic inflammation in mediating obesity related disease states and reveal higher incidence of autoimmune disease development. Of the multiple potential mechanisms linking obesity and autoimmunity, the strongest link has been shown for leptin, a hormone secreted at high levels from obese white adipose tissue. Numerous studies have demonstrated that leptin enhances activation of both arms of the immune system, while its absence protects against development of autoimmunity. Other potential newly discovered mechanisms that contribute to autoimmune pathogenesis are not directly connected but also associated with obesity including sustained platelet activation, gut dysbiosis, and aging. Here we review how obesity instigates autoimmunity, particularly in the context of immune cell activations and adipokine secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria R. Kwiat
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Gisienne Reis
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Isela C. Valera
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Kislay Parvatiyar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Michelle S. Parvatiyar
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
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15
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Mitchell AJ, Khambadkone SG, Dunn G, Bagley J, Tamashiro KLK, Fair D, Gustafsson H, Sullivan EL. Maternal Western-style diet reduces social engagement and increases idiosyncratic behavior in Japanese macaque offspring. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 105:109-121. [PMID: 35809877 PMCID: PMC9987715 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence in humans and animals indicates an association between maternal obesity and offspring behavioral outcomes. In humans, increased maternal body mass index has been linked to an increased risk of children receiving a diagnosis of early-emerging neurodevelopmental disorders such as Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and/or Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). However, a limited number of preclinical studies have examined associations between maternal Western-Style Diet (mWSD) exposure and offspring social behavior. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate relationships between mWSD exposure and social behavior in non-human primates. Since aberrant social behavior is a diagnostic criterion for several neurodevelopmental disorders, the current study focuses on examining the influence of maternal nutrition and metabolic state on offspring social behavior in Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata). We found that mWSD offspring initiated less affiliative social behaviors as well as proximity to a peer. Using path analysis, we found that the association between mWSD consumption and reduced offspring social engagement was statistically mediated by increased maternal interleukin (IL)-12 during the third trimester of pregnancy. Additionally, mWSD offspring displayed increased idiosyncratic behavior, which was related to alterations in maternal adiposity and leptin in the third trimester. Together, these results suggest that NHP offspring exposed to mWSD exhibit behavioral phenotypes similar to what is described in some early-emerging neurodevelopmental disorders. These results provide evidence that mWSD exposure during gestation may be linked to increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders and provides targets for prevention and intervention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Mitchell
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Division of Neuroscience, Beaverton, OR, USA; Oregon Health & Science University, Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Seva G Khambadkone
- Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Geoffrey Dunn
- University of Oregon, Department of Human Physiology, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Jennifer Bagley
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Division of Neuroscience, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Kellie L K Tamashiro
- Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Damien Fair
- University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Masonic Institute of Child Development, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Hanna Gustafsson
- Oregon Health & Science University, Department of Psychiatry, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Elinor L Sullivan
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Division of Neuroscience, Beaverton, OR, USA; Oregon Health & Science University, Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Portland, OR, USA; University of Oregon, Department of Human Physiology, Eugene, OR, USA; Oregon Health & Science University, Department of Psychiatry, Portland, OR, USA.
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16
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Koethe JR, Moser C, Brown TT, Stein JH, Kelesidis T, Dube M, Currier J, McComsey GA. Adipokines, Weight Gain and Metabolic and Inflammatory Markers After Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation: AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) A5260s. Clin Infect Dis 2022; 74:857-864. [PMID: 34117756 PMCID: PMC8906713 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The adipokines leptin and adiponectin, produced primarily by adipose tissue, have diverse endocrine and immunologic effects, and circulating levels reflect adipocyte lipid content, local inflammation, and tissue composition. We assessed relationships between changes in regional fat depots, leptin and adiponectin levels, and metabolic and inflammatory markers over 96 weeks in the AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) A5260s metabolic substudy of the A5257 randomized trial of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine plus atazanavir/ritonavir, darunavir/ritonavir, or raltegravir among treatment-naive persons with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH). METHODS Fat depots were measured using dual-energy absorptiometry and abdominal computed tomographic imaging at treatment initiation and 96 weeks later. Serum leptin and adiponectin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were measured at the same timepoints. Multivariable regression models assessed relationships between fat depots, adipokines, HOMA-IR, and hsCRP at week 96. RESULTS Two hundred thirty-four participants maintained viral suppression through 96 weeks (90% male, 29% black, median age 36 years). Serum leptin increased over 96 weeks (mean change 22%) while adiponectin did not (mean change 1%), which did not differ by study arm. Greater trunk, limb, and abdominal subcutaneous and visceral fat were associated with higher HOMA-IR and hsCRP at 96 weeks, but serum leptin level was a stronger determinant of these endpoints using a mediation model approach. A similar mediating effect was not observed for adiponectin. CONCLUSIONS Higher circulating leptin is associated with greater HOMA-IR and hsCRP independent of fat depot size, suggesting that greater adipocyte lipid content may contribute to impaired glucose tolerance and systemic inflammation among PWH starting antiretroviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Koethe
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Carlee Moser
- Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Todd T Brown
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - James H Stein
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Michael Dube
- University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Judith Currier
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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17
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Parikh R, Tariq SM, Marinac CR, Shah UA. A comprehensive review of the impact of obesity on plasma cell disorders. Leukemia 2022; 36:301-314. [PMID: 34654885 PMCID: PMC8810701 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01443-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable plasma cell malignancy. Although little is known about the etiology of MM, several metabolic risk factors such as obesity, diabetes, poor nutrition, many of which are modifiable, have been linked to the pathogenesis of numerous neoplasms including MM. In this article, we provide a detailed summary of what is known about the impact of obesity on the pathogenesis of MM, its influence on outcomes in MM patients, and discuss potential mechanisms through which obesity is postulated to influence MM risk and prognosis. Along with advancements in treatment modalities to improve survival in MM patients, focused efforts are needed to prevent or intercept MM at its earliest stages. The consolidated findings presented in this review highlight the need for clinical trials to assess if lifestyle modifications can reduce the incidence and improve outcomes of MM in high-risk populations. Data generated from such studies can help formulate evidence-based lifestyle recommendations for the prevention and control of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Parikh
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Myeloma Center, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Syed Maaz Tariq
- Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi City, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Catherine R. Marinac
- Division of Population Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Urvi A. Shah
- Myeloma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York City, NY 10065, USA
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18
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Li C, Meng F, Lei Y, Liu J, Liu J, Zhang J, Liu F, Liu C, Guo M, Lu XY. Leptin regulates exon-specific transcription of the Bdnf gene via epigenetic modifications mediated by an AKT/p300 HAT cascade. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:3701-3722. [PMID: 33106599 PMCID: PMC8550971 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-00922-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Leptin is an adipocyte-derived hormone with pleiotropic functions affecting appetite and mood. While leptin's role in the regulation of appetite has been extensively studied in hypothalamic neurons, its function in the hippocampus, where it regulates mood-related behaviors, is poorly understood. Here, we show that the leptin receptor (LepRb) colocalizes with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a key player in the pathophysiology of major depression and the action of antidepressants, in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Leptin treatment increases, whereas deficiency of leptin or leptin receptors decreases, total Bdnf mRNA levels, with distinct expression profiles of specific exons, in the hippocampus. Epigenetic analyses reveal that histone modifications, but not DNA methylation, underlie exon-specific transcription of the Bdnf gene induced by leptin. This is mediated by stimulation of AKT signaling, which in turn activates histone acetyltransferase p300 (p300 HAT), leading to changes in histone H3 acetylation and methylation at specific Bdnf promoters. Furthermore, deletion of Bdnf in the dentate gyrus, or specifically in LepRb-expressing neurons, abolishes the antidepressant-like effects of leptin. These findings indicate that leptin, acting via an AKT-p300 HAT epigenetic cascade, induces exon-specific Bdnf expression, which in turn is indispensable for leptin-induced antidepressant-like effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- Institute for Metabolic & Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Shandong, China.
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
| | - Fantao Meng
- Institute for Metabolic & Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Yun Lei
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jing Liu
- Institute for Metabolic & Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Jingyan Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Cuilan Liu
- Institute for Metabolic & Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Ming Guo
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Xin-Yun Lu
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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Leptin-Activity Modulators and Their Potential Pharmaceutical Applications. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11071045. [PMID: 34356668 PMCID: PMC8301849 DOI: 10.3390/biom11071045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin, a multifunctional hormone primarily, but not exclusively, secreted in adipose tissue, is implicated in a wide range of biological functions that control different processes, such as the regulation of body weight and energy expenditure, reproductive function, immune response, and bone metabolism. In addition, leptin can exert angiogenic and mitogenic actions in peripheral organs. Leptin biological activities are greatly related to its interaction with the leptin receptor. Both leptin excess and leptin deficiency, as well as leptin resistance, are correlated with different human pathologies, such as autoimmune diseases and cancers, making leptin and leptin receptor important drug targets. The development of leptin signaling modulators represents a promising strategy for the treatment of cancers and other leptin-related diseases. In the present manuscript, we provide an update review about leptin-activity modulators, comprising leptin mutants, peptide-based leptin modulators, as well as leptin and leptin receptor specific monoclonal antibodies and nanobodies.
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20
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Maurya R, Sebastian P, Namdeo M, Devender M, Gertler A. COVID-19 Severity in Obesity: Leptin and Inflammatory Cytokine Interplay in the Link Between High Morbidity and Mortality. Front Immunol 2021; 12:649359. [PMID: 34220807 PMCID: PMC8250137 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.649359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of the foremost risk factors in coronavirus infection resulting in severe illness and mortality as the pandemic progresses. Obesity is a well-known predisposed chronic inflammatory condition. The dynamics of obesity and its impacts on immunity may change the disease severity of pneumonia, especially in acute respiratory distress syndrome, a primary cause of death from SARS-CoV-2 infection. The adipocytes of adipose tissue secret leptin in proportion to individuals’ body fat mass. An increase in circulating plasma leptin is a typical characteristic of obesity and correlates with a leptin-resistant state. Leptin is considered a pleiotropic molecule regulating appetite and immunity. In immunity, leptin functions as a cytokine and coordinates the host’s innate and adaptive responses by promoting the Th1 type of immune response. Leptin induced the proliferation and functions of antigen-presenting cells, monocytes, and T helper cells, subsequently influencing the pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion by these cells, such as TNF-α, IL-2, or IL-6. Leptin scarcity or resistance is linked with dysregulation of cytokine secretion leading to autoimmune disorders, inflammatory responses, and increased susceptibility towards infectious diseases. Therefore, leptin activity by leptin long-lasting super active antagonist’s dysregulation in patients with obesity might contribute to high mortality rates in these patients during SARS-CoV-2 infection. This review systematically discusses the interplay mechanism between leptin and inflammatory cytokines and their contribution to the fatal outcomes in COVID-19 patients with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radheshyam Maurya
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Prince Sebastian
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Madhulika Namdeo
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Moodu Devender
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Arieh Gertler
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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21
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Obradovic M, Sudar-Milovanovic E, Soskic S, Essack M, Arya S, Stewart AJ, Gojobori T, Isenovic ER. Leptin and Obesity: Role and Clinical Implication. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:585887. [PMID: 34084149 PMCID: PMC8167040 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.585887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 103.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The peptide hormone leptin regulates food intake, body mass, and reproductive function and plays a role in fetal growth, proinflammatory immune responses, angiogenesis and lipolysis. Leptin is a product of the obese (ob) gene and, following synthesis and secretion from fat cells in white adipose tissue, binds to and activates its cognate receptor, the leptin receptor (LEP-R). LEP-R distribution facilitates leptin's pleiotropic effects, playing a crucial role in regulating body mass via a negative feedback mechanism between adipose tissue and the hypothalamus. Leptin resistance is characterized by reduced satiety, over-consumption of nutrients, and increased total body mass. Often this leads to obesity, which reduces the effectiveness of using exogenous leptin as a therapeutic agent. Thus, combining leptin therapies with leptin sensitizers may help overcome such resistance and, consequently, obesity. This review examines recent data obtained from human and animal studies related to leptin, its role in obesity, and its usefulness in obesity treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Obradovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, “VINČA” Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Emina Sudar-Milovanovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, “VINČA” Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Soskic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, “VINČA” Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Magbubah Essack
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), Computational Bioscience Research Center, Computer (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Swati Arya
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Alan J. Stewart
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Takashi Gojobori
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), Computational Bioscience Research Center, Computer (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esma R. Isenovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, “VINČA” Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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22
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Veldeman M, Weiss M, Simon TP, Hoellig A, Clusmann H, Albanna W. Body mass index and leptin levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in relation to delayed cerebral ischemia and outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurg Rev 2021; 44:3547-3556. [PMID: 33866464 PMCID: PMC8593057 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-021-01541-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is associated with a high mortality rate and may leave surviving patients severely disabled. After the initial hemorrhage, clinical outcome is further compromised by the occurrence of delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI). Overweight and obesity have previously been associated with protective effects in the post-bleeding phase. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a patient’s body mass index (BMI) and leptin levels on the occurrence of DCI, DCI-related cerebral infarction, and clinical outcome. In total, 263 SAH patients were included of which leptin levels were assessed in 24 cases. BMI was recorded along disease severity documented by the Hunt and Hess and modified Fisher scales. The occurrence of clinical or functional DCI (neuromonitoring, CT Perfusion) was assessed. Long-term clinical outcome was documented after 12 months (extended Glasgow outcome scale). A total of 136 (51.7%) patients developed DCI of which 72 (27.4%) developed DCI-related cerebral infarctions. No association between BMI and DCI occurrence (P = .410) or better clinical outcome (P = .643) was identified. Early leptin concentration in serum (P = .258) and CSF (P = .159) showed no predictive value in identifying patients at risk of unfavorable outcomes. However, a significant increase of leptin levels in CSF occurred from 326.0 pg/ml IQR 171.9 prior to DCI development to 579.2 pg/ml IQR 211.9 during ongoing DCI (P = .049). In our data, no association between obesity and clinical outcome was detected. After DCI development, leptin levels in CSF increased either by an upsurge of active transport or disruption of the blood-CSF barrier. This trial has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02142166) as part of a larger-scale prospective data collection. BioSAB: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02142166
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Veldeman
- Department of Neurosurgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Miriam Weiss
- Department of Neurosurgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tim Philipp Simon
- Department of Intensive Care and Intermediate Care, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anke Hoellig
- Department of Neurosurgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hans Clusmann
- Department of Neurosurgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Walid Albanna
- Department of Neurosurgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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23
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de Candia P, Prattichizzo F, Garavelli S, Alviggi C, La Cava A, Matarese G. The pleiotropic roles of leptin in metabolism, immunity, and cancer. J Exp Med 2021; 218:211994. [PMID: 33857282 PMCID: PMC8056770 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20191593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of the archetypal adipocytokine leptin and how it regulates energy homeostasis have represented breakthroughs in our understanding of the endocrine function of the adipose tissue and the biological determinants of human obesity. Investigations on leptin have also been instrumental in identifying physio-pathological connections between metabolic regulation and multiple immunological functions. For example, the description of the promoting activities of leptin on inflammation and cell proliferation have recognized the detrimental effects of leptin in connecting dysmetabolic conditions with cancer and with onset and/or progression of autoimmune disease. Here we review the multiple biological functions and complex framework of operations of leptin, discussing why and how the pleiotropic activities of this adipocytokine still pose major hurdles in the development of effective leptin-based therapeutic opportunities for different clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola de Candia
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Garavelli
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Alviggi
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, Università di Napoli "Federico II," Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio La Cava
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Giuseppe Matarese
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy.,T reg Cell Lab, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli "Federico II," Naples, Italy
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24
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Liu H, Du T, Li C, Yang G. STAT3 phosphorylation in central leptin resistance. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2021; 18:39. [PMID: 33849593 PMCID: PMC8045279 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-021-00569-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanism exploitation of energy homeostasis is urgently required because of the worldwide prevailing of obesity-related metabolic disorders in human being. Although it is well known that leptin plays a central role in regulating energy balance by suppressing food intake and promoting energy expenditure, the existence of leptin resistance in majority of obese individuals hampers the utilization of leptin therapy against these disorders. However, the mechanism of leptin resistance is largely unknown in spite of the globally enormous endeavors. Current theories to interpret leptin resistance include the impairment of leptin transport, attenuation of leptin signaling, chronic inflammation, ER tress, deficiency of autophagy, as well as leptin itself. Leptin-activated leptin receptor (LepRb) signals in hypothalamus via several pathways, in which JAK2-STAT3 pathway, the most extensively investigated one, is considered to mediate the major action of leptin in energy regulation. Upon leptin stimulation the phosphorylation of STAT3 is one of the key events in JAK2-STAT3 pathway, followed by the dimerization and nuclear translocation of this molecule. Phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3), as a transcription factor, binds to and regulates its target gene such as POMC gene, playing the physiological function of leptin. Regarding POMC gene in hypothalamus however little is known about the detail of its interaction with STAT3. Moreover the status of p-STAT3 and its significance in hypothalamus of DIO mice needs to be well elucidated. This review comprehends literatures on leptin and leptin resistance and especially discusses what STAT3 phosphorylation would contribute to central leptin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Liu
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wen Hua Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Tianxin Du
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wen Hua Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Chen Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wen Hua Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Guoqing Yang
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wen Hua Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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25
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The complex role of adipokines in obesity, inflammation, and autoimmunity. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:731-752. [PMID: 33729498 PMCID: PMC7969664 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The global obesity epidemic is a major contributor to chronic disease and disability in the world today. Since the discovery of leptin in 1994, a multitude of studies have characterized the pathological changes that occur within adipose tissue in the obese state. One significant change is the dysregulation of adipokine production. Adipokines are an indispensable link between metabolism and optimal immune system function; however, their dysregulation in obesity contributes to chronic low-grade inflammation and disease pathology. Herein, I will highlight current knowledge on adipokine structure and physiological function, and focus on the known roles of these factors in the modulation of the immune response. I will also discuss adipokines in rheumatic and autoimmune diseases.
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26
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Cordero-Barreal A, González-Rodríguez M, Ruiz-Fernández C, Eldjoudi DA, AbdElHafez YRF, Lago F, Conde J, Gómez R, González-Gay MA, Mobasheri A, Pino J, Gualillo O. An Update on the Role of Leptin in the Immuno-Metabolism of Cartilage. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052411. [PMID: 33673730 PMCID: PMC7957536 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery in 1994, leptin has been considered as an adipokine with pleiotropic effects. In this review, we summarize the actual information about the impact of this hormone on cartilage metabolism and pathology. Leptin signalling depends on the interaction with leptin receptor LEPR, being the long isoform of the receptor (LEPRb) the one with more efficient intracellular signalling. Chondrocytes express the long isoform of the leptin receptor and in these cells, leptin signalling, alone or in combination with other molecules, induces the expression of pro-inflammatory molecules and cartilage degenerative enzymes. Leptin has been shown to increase the proliferation and activation of immune cells, increasing the severity of immune degenerative cartilage diseases. Leptin expression in serum and synovial fluid are related to degenerative diseases such as osteoarthritis (OA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Inhibition of leptin signalling showed to have protective effects in these diseases showing the key role of leptin in cartilage degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Cordero-Barreal
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), The NEIRID Group (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Building C, Travesía da Choupana S/N, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.C.-B.); (M.G.-R.); (C.R.-F.); (D.A.E.); (Y.R.F.A.)
| | - María González-Rodríguez
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), The NEIRID Group (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Building C, Travesía da Choupana S/N, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.C.-B.); (M.G.-R.); (C.R.-F.); (D.A.E.); (Y.R.F.A.)
| | - Clara Ruiz-Fernández
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), The NEIRID Group (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Building C, Travesía da Choupana S/N, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.C.-B.); (M.G.-R.); (C.R.-F.); (D.A.E.); (Y.R.F.A.)
| | - Djedjiga Ait Eldjoudi
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), The NEIRID Group (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Building C, Travesía da Choupana S/N, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.C.-B.); (M.G.-R.); (C.R.-F.); (D.A.E.); (Y.R.F.A.)
| | - Yousof Ramadan Farrag AbdElHafez
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), The NEIRID Group (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Building C, Travesía da Choupana S/N, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.C.-B.); (M.G.-R.); (C.R.-F.); (D.A.E.); (Y.R.F.A.)
| | - Francisca Lago
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology Group, SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), Research Laboratory 7, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (F.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Javier Conde
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology Group, SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), Research Laboratory 7, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (F.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Rodolfo Gómez
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), The Muscle-Skeletal Pathology Group, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Building C, Travesía da Choupana S/N, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Miguel Angel González-Gay
- Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Universidad de Cantabria and IDIVAL, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Av. Valdecilla, 39008 Santander, Spain;
| | - Ali Mobasheri
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, FIN-90230 Oulu, Finland;
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute, Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Departments of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Joint Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jesus Pino
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), The NEIRID Group (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Building C, Travesía da Choupana S/N, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.C.-B.); (M.G.-R.); (C.R.-F.); (D.A.E.); (Y.R.F.A.)
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (O.G.); Tel./Fax: +34-981950905 (O.G.)
| | - Oreste Gualillo
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), The NEIRID Group (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Building C, Travesía da Choupana S/N, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.C.-B.); (M.G.-R.); (C.R.-F.); (D.A.E.); (Y.R.F.A.)
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (O.G.); Tel./Fax: +34-981950905 (O.G.)
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27
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Yoshida R, Margolskee RF, Ninomiya Y. Phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase mediates the sweet suppressive effect of leptin in mouse taste cells. J Neurochem 2021; 158:233-245. [PMID: 33319361 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Leptin is known to selectively suppress neural and taste cell responses to sweet compounds. The sweet suppressive effect of leptin is mediated by the leptin receptor Ob-Rb, and the ATP-gated K+ (KATP ) channel expressed in some sweet-sensitive, taste receptor family 1 member 3 (T1R3)-positive taste cells. However, the intracellular transduction pathway connecting Ob-Rb to KATP channel remains unknown. Here we report that phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) mediates leptin's suppression of sweet responses in T1R3-positive taste cells. In in situ taste cell recording, systemically administrated leptin suppressed taste cell responses to sucrose in T1R3-positive taste cells. Such leptin's suppression of sucrose responses was impaired by co-administration of PI3K inhibitors (wortmannin or LY294002). In contrast, co-administration of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 inhibitor (Stattic) or Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-2 inhibitor (SHP099) had no effect on leptin's suppression of sucrose responses, although signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-2 were expressed in T1R3-positive taste cells. In peeled tongue epithelium, phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate production and phosphorylation of AKT by leptin were immunohistochemically detected in some T1R3-positive taste cells but not in glutamate decarboxylase 67-positive taste cells. Leptin-induced phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate production was suppressed by LY294002. Thus, leptin suppresses sweet responses of T1R3-positive taste cells by activation of Ob-Rb-PI3K-KATP channel pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryusuke Yoshida
- Department of Oral Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | | | - Yuzo Ninomiya
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Oral Science Research Center, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Sensory Physiology, Research and Development Center for Five-Sense Device, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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28
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Trinh T, Broxmeyer HE. Role for Leptin and Leptin Receptors in Stem Cells During Health and Diseases. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:511-522. [PMID: 33598894 PMCID: PMC7889057 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10132-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) give rise to all blood and immune cells in the body. These rare cells reside in the hypoxic niche of the bone marrow (BM) where they are subjected to a complex network of regulatory factors including cellular and molecular components. To sustain hematopoiesis over the lifetime of an individual, HSCs maintain distinctive metabolic programs, and in recent years nutritional factors have been increasingly recognized as critical regulators of HSC numbers and functions. Leptin (LEP), a neuroendocrine messenger, and its receptor (LEPR) are well-known for their immunomodulatory and energy balancing effects; yet, how LEP/LEPR signaling plays a role in hematopoiesis is under-appreciated. In this review, we summarize and highlight recent work that demonstrated involvement of LEP/LEPR in hematopoiesis under steady state or stress-associated situations as well as in pathological conditions such as cardiovascular diseases and malignancies. Although the field is only in its infancy, these studies suggest evidence of potential clinical applications and proof-of-principle for more in-depth future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao Trinh
- Departments of Microbiology/Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 950 West Walnut Street, Bldg. R2, Room 302, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5121, USA
| | - Hal E Broxmeyer
- Departments of Microbiology/Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 950 West Walnut Street, Bldg. R2, Room 302, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5121, USA.
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29
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Cooper PO, Haas MR, Noonepalle SKR, Shook BA. Dermal Drivers of Injury-Induced Inflammation: Contribution of Adipocytes and Fibroblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1933. [PMID: 33669239 PMCID: PMC7919834 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Irregular inflammatory responses are a major contributor to tissue dysfunction and inefficient repair. Skin has proven to be a powerful model to study mechanisms that regulate inflammation. In particular, skin wound healing is dependent on a rapid, robust immune response and subsequent dampening of inflammatory signaling. While injury-induced inflammation has historically been attributed to keratinocytes and immune cells, a vast body of evidence supports the ability of non-immune cells to coordinate inflammation in numerous tissues and diseases. In this review, we concentrate on the active participation of tissue-resident adipocytes and fibroblasts in pro-inflammatory signaling after injury, and how altered cellular communication from these cells can contribute to irregular inflammation associated with aberrant wound healing. Furthering our understanding of how tissue-resident mesenchymal cells contribute to inflammation will likely reveal new targets that can be manipulated to regulate inflammation and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Brett A. Shook
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA; (P.O.C.); (M.R.H.); (S.k.R.N.)
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30
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Abstract
A healthy nutritional state is required for all aspects of reproduction and is signaled by the adipokine leptin. Leptin acts in a relatively narrow concentration range: too much or too little will compromise fertility. The leptin signal timing is important to prepubertal development in both sexes. In the brain, leptin acts on ventral premammillary neurons which signal kisspeptin (Kiss1) neurons to stimulate gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons. Suppression of Kiss1 neurons occurs when agouti-related peptide neurons are activated by reduced leptin, because leptin normally suppresses these orexigenic neurons. In the pituitary, leptin stimulates production of GnRH receptors (GnRHRs) and follicle-stimulating hormone at midcycle, by activating pathways that derepress actions of the messenger ribonucleic acid translational regulatory protein Musashi. In females, rising estrogen stimulates a rise in serum leptin, which peaks at midcycle, synchronizing with nocturnal luteinizing hormone pulses. The normal range of serum leptin levels (10-20 ng/mL) along with gonadotropins and growth factors promote ovarian granulosa and theca cell functions and oocyte maturation. In males, the prepubertal rise in leptin promotes testicular development. However, a decline in leptin levels in prepubertal boys reflects inhibition of leptin secretion by rising androgens. In adult males, leptin levels are 10% to 50% of those in females, and high leptin inhibits testicular function. The obesity epidemic has elucidated leptin resistance pathways, with too much leptin in either sex leading to infertility. Under conditions of balanced nutrition, however, the secretion of leptin is timed and regulated within a narrow level range that optimizes its trophic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwen V Childs
- Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Correspondence: Gwen V. Childs, PhD, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA. E-mail:
| | - Angela K Odle
- Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Melanie C MacNicol
- Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Angus M MacNicol
- Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
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31
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Zerani M, Polisca A, Boiti C, Maranesi M. Current Knowledge on the Multifactorial Regulation of Corpora Lutea Lifespan: The Rabbit Model. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11020296. [PMID: 33503812 PMCID: PMC7911389 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Corpora lutea (CL) are temporary endocrine structures that secrete progesterone, which is essential for maintaining a healthy pregnancy. A variety of regulatory factors come into play in modulating the functional lifespan of CL, with luteotropic and luteolytic effects. Many aspects of luteal phase physiology have been clarified, yet many others have not yet been determined, including the molecular and/or cellular mechanisms that maintain the CL from the beginning of luteolysis during early CL development. This paper summarizes our current knowledge of the endocrine and cellular mechanisms involved in multifactorial CL lifespan regulation, using the pseudopregnant rabbit model. Abstract Our research group studied the biological regulatory mechanisms of the corpora lutea (CL), paying particular attention to the pseudopregnant rabbit model, which has the advantage that the relative luteal age following ovulation is induced by the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH). CL are temporary endocrine structures that secrete progesterone, which is essential for maintaining a healthy pregnancy. It is now clear that, besides the classical regulatory mechanism exerted by prostaglandin E2 (luteotropic) and prostaglandin F2α (luteolytic), a considerable number of other effectors assist in the regulation of CL. The aim of this paper is to summarize our current knowledge of the multifactorial mechanisms regulating CL lifespan in rabbits. Given the essential role of CL in reproductive success, a deeper understanding of the regulatory mechanisms will provide us with valuable insights on various reproductive issues that hinder fertility in this and other mammalian species, allowing to overcome the challenges for new and more efficient breeding strategies.
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32
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Browning BD, Schwandt ML, Farokhnia M, Deschaine SL, Hodgkinson CA, Leggio L. Leptin Gene and Leptin Receptor Gene Polymorphisms in Alcohol Use Disorder: Findings Related to Psychopathology. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:723059. [PMID: 34421692 PMCID: PMC8377199 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.723059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Comorbidity between alcohol use disorder (AUD) and other addictive and psychiatric disorders is highly prevalent and disabling; however, the underlying biological correlates are not fully understood. Leptin is a peptide hormone known for its role in energy homeostasis and food intake. Furthermore, leptin plays a key role in the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and of several neurotransmitter systems that regulate emotionality and behavior. However, human studies that have investigated circulating leptin levels in relation to AUD and affective disorders, such as anxiety and depression, are conflicting. Genetic-based analyses of the leptin gene (LEP) and leptin receptor gene (LEPR) have the potential of providing more insight into the potential role of the leptin system in AUD and comorbid psychopathology. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether genotypic variations at LEP and LEPR are associated with measures of alcohol use, nicotine use, anxiety, and depression, all of which represent common comorbidities with AUD. Haplotype association analyses were performed, using data from participants enrolled in screening and natural history protocols at the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA). Analyses were performed separately in European Americans and African Americans due to the variation in haplotype diversity for most genes between these groups. In the European American group, one LEP haplotype (EB2H4) was associated with lower odds of having a current AUD diagnosis, two LEPR haplotypes (EB7H3, EB8H3) were associated with lower cigarette pack years and two LEPR haplotypes (EB7H2, EB8H2) were associated with higher State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-T) scores. In the African American group, one LEP haplotype (AB2H8) was associated with higher cigarette pack years and one LEP haplotype (AB3H2) was associated with lower Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) scores. Overall, this study found that variations in the leptin and leptin receptor genes are associated with measures of alcohol use, nicotine use, and anxiety. While this preliminary study adds support for a role of the leptin system in AUD and psychopathologies, additional studies are required to fully understand the underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic implications of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney D Browning
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Melanie L Schwandt
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Mehdi Farokhnia
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sara L Deschaine
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Colin A Hodgkinson
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Lorenzo Leggio
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Medication Development Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, United States.,Division of Addiction Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
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Mármol-Sánchez E, Artman JS, Fredholm M, Cirera S. Unraveling molecular mechanisms involved in the development of leptin resistance using the pig as a model. Anim Genet 2020; 52:55-65. [PMID: 33325551 DOI: 10.1111/age.13028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The increase in obesity worldwide underlines the need for research concerning its metabolic and genetic determinants. One of the most intriguing mechanisms regarding obesity involves leptin and its signaling cascade. Leptin is a key regulator contributing to the fine-tuned crosstalk between nutrient availability and appetite signaling in the central nervous system. Owing to ethical concerns, many human tissues are not readily available and pigs can serve as a good animal model owing to their comparable anatomy, metabolism and genetics. In the present study, we utilized the pig to investigate the possible impact of increased adiposity on the development of alterations within the leptin signaling pathway. Two divergent groups of pigs (High and Low) were defined based on a high and low amount of mesenteric fat. Cortex, cerebellum, hypothalamus, mesenteric, subcutaneous and retroperitoneal fat tissues were used to study changes in expression levels of 94 mRNA transcripts related to the leptin signaling pathway using the qPCR approach. No significant differences were found at the central nervous system, whereas the expression level of STAT1 was reduced in mesenteric fat and leptin (LEP) and interleukin 6 (IL6) were shown to be consistently increased in all analyzed fat compartments from pigs with a high amount of mesenteric fat. These results could imply the onset of leptin and pro-inflammatory cytokine overexpression at early stages of obesity in the analyzed pigs without affecting any key components in the central nervous system. Thus, these pigs showing a unique leptin deregulation in adipose tissues could be a useful translational resource for studies of obesity and leptin resistance phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mármol-Sánchez
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, 1870, Denmark.,Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - J S Artman
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, 1870, Denmark
| | - M Fredholm
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, 1870, Denmark
| | - S Cirera
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, 1870, Denmark
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Fonseca-Rodrigues D, Amorim D, Almeida A, Pinto-Ribeiro F. Emotional and cognitive impairments in the peripheral nerve chronic constriction injury model (CCI) of neuropathic pain: A systematic review. Behav Brain Res 2020; 399:113008. [PMID: 33171146 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.113008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Emotional and cognitive impairments are common comorbidities of chronic neuropathic pain that significantly impact the quality of life of patients. While the nociceptive components of the peripheral nerve chronic constriction injury (CCI) animal model have been extensively analyzed, data related to the development of mood and cognitive disorders, and especially its impact on female rats remains fragmented. We systematically reviewed the literature analyzing the methods used to induce and evaluate the development of emotional- and cognitive-like impairments and sex-specific differences in the CCI model. DATABASES AND DATA TREATMENT We searched PubMed, Google Scholar and Web of Science from inception to September 30th, 2019, and a total of 44 papers were considered eligible for inclusion. We included animal studies assessing nociception, locomotion, anxious-like, depressive-like and cognitive behaviours after the CCI induction. RESULTS The overall quality of the studies was considered moderate to high. Overall, the induction of CCI leads to the development of emotional impairments, namely anxiety- and depressive-like behaviours, as well as cognitive impairments. With the majority of the studies using male subjects, the lack of evidence on female animals prevents the evaluation of sex-specific differences. CONCLUSIONS This review supports the development of an anxiodepressive-like phenotype, associated with cognitive impairments, in CCI-induced animals. These results support the use of this animal model for the study of the mechanisms underlying these comorbidities, as well as a screening tool for the development/repurposing of drugs that tackle both the neuropathy-induced nociceptive and emotional impairments, such as tricyclic antidepressants. Importantly, our review also highlights the need for studies performed in female rodents as these are almost non-existent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Fonseca-Rodrigues
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, Campus of Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Diana Amorim
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, Campus of Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Armando Almeida
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, Campus of Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Filipa Pinto-Ribeiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, Campus of Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal.
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The effect of high-fat diet and 13-cis retinoic acid application on lipid profile, glycemic response and oxidative stress in female Lewis rats. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238600. [PMID: 32947606 PMCID: PMC7500970 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A and its metabolites are key regulators of the development of adipose tissue and associated metabolic complications. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of high fat diet and 13-cis retinoic acid (13 cRA) application on metabolic parameters, adipogenic and inflammatory indicators in female Lewis rats. Female rats of Lewis strain were fed standard laboratory diet (STD) and high fat diet (HFD, 45% of saturated fatty acids) during 30 days. The groups were divided into additional 3 groups (6 rats each): two experimental groups that received 13 cRA orally on a daily basis during 30 days (7.5 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg, respectively) and the control group that was given sunflower oil. Animals were sacrificed after 60 days. Feeding of Lewis rats with chronic HFD diet with 13 cRA supplementation increased weight gain, adiposity index, dyslipidaemia, hyperleptinaemia, insulin resistance, VLDL concentrations, oxidative stress and atherogenic indices. Administration of 13 cRA in Lewis rats fed STD did not change the weight of the animals, but it slightly increased the atherogenic parameters. 13 cRA and HFD affect metabolic parameters, glucose and lipid metabolism in Lewis rats and its administration has a completely different effect on metabolism in rats fed STD, highlighting the complex role of vitamin A supplementation in obesity. Other factors, such as genetics, age, sex, adipose tissue distribution, also must be taken into consideration.
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Han H, Zhou W. Leptin and Its Derivatives: A Potential Target for Autoimmune Diseases. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 20:1563-1571. [PMID: 31362672 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666190729120557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Leptin is an adipocyte-derived hormone product of the obese (ob) gene. Leptin plays an important regulatory role as an immunomodulatory factor in the maintenance and homeostasis of immune functions. Indeed, the role of leptin as an immunomodulator in inflammatory and immune responses has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Leptin mostly affects responses through the immunomodulation of monocytes, dendritic cells, neutrophils, NK cells, and dendritic cells in addition to modulating T and B cell development and functions. Leptin is also an important inflammatory regulator, wherein higher expression influences the secretion rates of IL-6, C-reactive proteins, and TNF-α. Moreover, leptin is highly involved in processes related to human metabolism, inflammatory reactions, cellular development, and diseases, including hematopoiesis. Owing to its diverse immunerelated functions, leptin has been explored as a potential target for therapeutic development in the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenyang Medical College, No.146 North Huanghe St. Huanggu Dis, Shenyang City, Liaoning Pro 110034, China
| | - Weiqiang Zhou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenyang Medical College, No.146 North Huanghe St. Huanggu Dis. Shenyang City, Liaoning Pro 110034, China
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Flores-Dorantes MT, Díaz-López YE, Gutiérrez-Aguilar R. Environment and Gene Association With Obesity and Their Impact on Neurodegenerative and Neurodevelopmental Diseases. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:863. [PMID: 32982666 PMCID: PMC7483585 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial disease in which environmental conditions and several genes play an important role in the development of this disease. Obesity is associated with neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer, Parkinson, and Huntington diseases) and with neurodevelopmental diseases (autism disorder, schizophrenia, and fragile X syndrome). Some of the environmental conditions that lead to obesity are physical activity, alcohol consumption, socioeconomic status, parent feeding behavior, and diet. Interestingly, some of these environmental conditions are shared with neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases. Obesity impairs neurodevelopment abilities as memory and fine-motor skills. Moreover, maternal obesity affects the cognitive function and mental health of the offspring. The common biological mechanisms involved in obesity and neurodegenerative/neurodevelopmental diseases are insulin resistance, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative damage, among others, leading to impaired brain development or cell death. Obesogenic environmental conditions are not the only factors that influence neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases. In fact, several genes implicated in the leptin–melanocortin pathway (LEP, LEPR, POMC, BDNF, MC4R, PCSK1, SIM1, BDNF, TrkB, etc.) are associated with obesity and neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases. Moreover, in the last decades, the discovery of new genes associated with obesity (FTO, NRXN3, NPC1, NEGR1, MTCH2, GNPDA2, among others) and with neurodegenerative or neurodevelopmental diseases (APOE, CD38, SIRT1, TNFα, PAI-1, TREM2, SYT4, FMR1, TET3, among others) had opened new pathways to comprehend the common mechanisms involved in these diseases. In conclusion, the obesogenic environmental conditions, the genes, and the interaction gene–environment would lead to a better understanding of the etiology of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Teresa Flores-Dorantes
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Farmacogenómica, Centro de Investigación de Ciencia y Tecnología Aplicada de Tabasco, División Académica de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Mexico
| | - Yael Efren Díaz-López
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Metabólicas: Obesidad y Diabetes, Hospital Infantil de México "Federico Gómez," Mexico City, Mexico.,División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ruth Gutiérrez-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Metabólicas: Obesidad y Diabetes, Hospital Infantil de México "Federico Gómez," Mexico City, Mexico.,División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
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38
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Zimering MB, Grinberg M, Burton J, Pang KCH. Circulating Agonist Autoantibody to 5-Hydroxytryptamine 2A Receptor in Lean and Diabetic Fatty Zucker Rat Strains. ENDOCRINOLOGY, DIABETES AND METABOLISM JOURNAL 2020; 4:413. [PMID: 33052255 PMCID: PMC7550200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Circulating neurotoxic autoantibodies to the 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor were increased in older adult type 2 diabetes in association with certain neurodegenerative complications. The male Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat is a model system for studies of obese, type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of the current study was to test for (and compare) circulating neurotoxic autoantibodies to the 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor in the Zucker diabetic fatty rat and age-matched lean Zucker rat strains. METHODS Plasma from lean and Zucker diabetic fatty rat (obtained at different developmental stages) was subjected to protein G affinity chromatography. The resulting immunoglobulin G fraction was tested for neurotoxicity (acute neurite retraction, accelerated neuron loss) in N2A mouse neuroblastoma cells and for binding to a linear synthetic peptide corresponding to the second extracellular loop of the 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor. RESULTS The male Zucker diabetic fatty rat (fa/fa) and two Zucker lean strains (+/?) and (fa/+) harbored autoantibodies to the 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor which appeared spontaneously around 7-8.5 weeks of age. The circulating autoantibodies persisted until at least 25 weeks of age in the Zucker diabetic fatty rat and in the Zucker heterozygote (fa/+), but were no longer detectable in 25-week-old lean (+/?) Zucker rats. Autoantibody-induced acute neurite retraction and accelerated loss in mouse neuroblastoma N2A cells was dose-dependently prevented by selective antagonists of the 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor. It was also substantially prevented by co-incubation with antagonists of RhoA/Rho kinase-mediated signaling (Y27632) or Gq11/phospholipase C/inositol triphosphate receptor-coupled signaling. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that neurotoxic 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor-targeting autoantibodies increase in the aging male Zucker diabetic fatty rat and in male Zucker lean rats harboring a heterozygous mutation, but not in age-matched, older Zucker lean rats lacking a known leptin receptor mutation. The Zucker genetic strain may be useful in studies of the role of humoral and/or innate immunity in late neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- MB Zimering
- Medical Service, Veterans Affairs New Jersey Healthcare
System, East Orange, New Jersey, USA
- Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick,
NJ
| | - M Grinberg
- Medical Service, Veterans Affairs New Jersey Healthcare
System, East Orange, New Jersey, USA
| | - J Burton
- Medical Service, Veterans Affairs New Jersey Healthcare
System, East Orange, New Jersey, USA
| | - KCH Pang
- Medical Service, Veterans Affairs New Jersey Healthcare
System, East Orange, New Jersey, USA
- Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey,
USA
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Intracellular interplay between cholecystokinin and leptin signalling for satiety control in rats. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12000. [PMID: 32686770 PMCID: PMC7371863 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69035-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholecystokinin (CCK) and leptin are satiety-controlling peptides, yet their interactive roles remain unclear. Here, we addressed this issue using in vitro and in vivo models. In rat C6 glioma cells, leptin pre-treatment enhanced Ca2+ mobilization by a CCK agonist (CCK-8s). This leptin action was reduced by Janus kinase inhibitor (AG490) or PI3-kinase inhibitor (LY294002). Meanwhile, leptin stimulation alone failed to mobilize Ca2+ even in cells overexpressing leptin receptors (C6-ObRb). Leptin increased nuclear immunoreactivity against phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3) whereas CCK-8s reduced leptin-induced nuclear pSTAT3 accumulation in these cells. In the rat ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), leptin-induced action potential firing was enhanced, whereas nuclear pSTAT3 was reduced by co-stimulation with CCK-8s. To further analyse in vivo signalling interplay, a CCK-1 antagonist (lorglumide) was intraperitoneally injected in rats following 1-h restricted feeding. Food access was increased 3-h after lorglumide injection. At this timepoint, nuclear pSTAT3 was increased whereas c-Fos was decreased in the VMH. Taken together, these results suggest that leptin and CCK receptors may both contribute to short-term satiety, and leptin could positively modulate CCK signalling. Notably, nuclear pSTAT3 levels in this experimental paradigm were negatively correlated with satiety levels, contrary to the generally described transcriptional regulation for long-term satiety via leptin receptors.
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Estienne A, Brossaud A, Reverchon M, Ramé C, Froment P, Dupont J. Adipokines Expression and Effects in Oocyte Maturation, Fertilization and Early Embryo Development: Lessons from Mammals and Birds. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3581. [PMID: 32438614 PMCID: PMC7279299 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Some evidence shows that body mass index in humans and extreme weights in animal models, including avian species, are associated with low in vitro fertilization, bad oocyte quality, and embryo development failures. Adipokines are hormones mainly produced and released by white adipose tissue. They play a key role in the regulation of energy metabolism. However, they are also involved in many other physiological processes including reproductive functions. Indeed, leptin and adiponectin, the most studied adipokines, but also novel adipokines including visfatin and chemerin, are expressed within the reproductive tract and modulate female fertility. Much of the literature has focused on the physiological and pathological roles of these adipokines in ovary, placenta, and uterine functions. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge regarding the involvement of leptin, adiponectin, visfatin, and chemerin in the oocyte maturation, fertilization, and embryo development in both mammals and birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Estienne
- INRAE UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; (A.E.); (A.B.); (C.R.); (P.F.)
- CNRS UMR 7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37041 Tours, France
- Institut Français du Cheval et de l’Equitation, Centre INRAE Val de Loire, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Adeline Brossaud
- INRAE UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; (A.E.); (A.B.); (C.R.); (P.F.)
- CNRS UMR 7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37041 Tours, France
- Institut Français du Cheval et de l’Equitation, Centre INRAE Val de Loire, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Maxime Reverchon
- SYSAAF-Syndicat des Sélectionneurs Avicoles et Aquacoles Français, Centre INRAE Val de Loire, F-37380 Nouzilly, France;
| | - Christelle Ramé
- INRAE UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; (A.E.); (A.B.); (C.R.); (P.F.)
- CNRS UMR 7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37041 Tours, France
- Institut Français du Cheval et de l’Equitation, Centre INRAE Val de Loire, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Pascal Froment
- INRAE UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; (A.E.); (A.B.); (C.R.); (P.F.)
- CNRS UMR 7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37041 Tours, France
- Institut Français du Cheval et de l’Equitation, Centre INRAE Val de Loire, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Joëlle Dupont
- INRAE UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; (A.E.); (A.B.); (C.R.); (P.F.)
- CNRS UMR 7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37041 Tours, France
- Institut Français du Cheval et de l’Equitation, Centre INRAE Val de Loire, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
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Guia RM, Hassing AS, Skov LJ, Ratner C, Plucińska K, Madsen S, Diep TA, Dela Cruz GV, Trammell SA, Sustarsic EG, Emanuelli B, Gillum MP, Gerhart‐Hines Z, Holst B, Treebak JT. Fasting- and ghrelin-induced food intake is regulated by NAMPT in the hypothalamus. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 228:e13437. [PMID: 31900990 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM Neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus are involved in regulation of food intake and energy expenditure, and dysregulation of signalling in these neurons promotes development of obesity. The role of the rate-limiting enzyme in the NAD+ salvage pathway, nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), for regulation energy homeostasis by the hypothalamus has not been extensively studied. METHODS We determined whether Nampt mRNA or protein levels in the hypothalamus of mice were affected by diet-induced obesity, by fasting and re-feeding, and by leptin and ghrelin treatment. Primary hypothalamic neurons were treated with FK866, a selective inhibitor of NAMPT, or rAAV carrying shRNA directed against Nampt, and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial respiration were assessed. Fasting and ghrelin-induced food intake was measured in mice in metabolic cages after intracerebroventricular (ICV)-mediated FK866 administration. RESULTS NAMPT levels in the hypothalamus were elevated by administration of ghrelin and leptin. In diet-induced obese mice, both protein and mRNA levels of NAMPT decreased in the hypothalamus. NAMPT inhibition in primary hypothalamic neurons significantly reduced levels of NAD+ , increased levels of ROS, and affected the expression of Agrp, Pomc and genes related to mitochondrial function. Finally, ICV-induced NAMPT inhibition by FK866 did not cause malaise or anhedonia, but completely ablated fasting- and ghrelin-induced increases in food intake. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that regulation of NAMPT levels in hypothalamic neurons is important for the control of fasting- and ghrelin-induced food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roldan M. Guia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Anna S. Hassing
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Louise J. Skov
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Cecilia Ratner
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Kaja Plucińska
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Søren Madsen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Thi A. Diep
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Gelo V. Dela Cruz
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Samuel A.J. Trammell
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Elahu G. Sustarsic
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Brice Emanuelli
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Matthew P. Gillum
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Zach Gerhart‐Hines
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Birgitte Holst
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Jonas T. Treebak
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
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McGuckin MM, Giesy SL, Davis AN, Abyeta MA, Horst EA, Saed Samii S, Zang Y, Butler WR, Baumgard LH, McFadden JW, Boisclair YR. The acute phase protein orosomucoid 1 is upregulated in early lactation but does not trigger appetite-suppressing STAT3 signaling via the leptin receptor. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:4765-4776. [PMID: 32229118 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-18094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dairy cows consume inadequate amounts of feed in early lactation and during conditions and diseases such as excessive fatness, heat stress, and infectious diseases. Affected cows often experience increases in plasma concentrations of acute phase proteins consistent with the negative effect of inflammation on appetite. The acute phase protein orosomucoid 1 (ORM1), also known as alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, was recently reported to reduce appetite in the mouse through its ability to bind the full-length leptin receptor (Ob-Rb) and activate appetite-suppressing signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling. These observations raise the possibility that ORM1 exerts appetite-suppressing effects in dairy cattle during periods of increased inflammatory tone. The applicability of this model was assessed in 2 ways. First, we asked whether ORM1 is regulated during periods of inadequate appetite such as the transition from late pregnancy to early lactation and periods of increased inflammatory tone. Plasma ORM1 was invariant in late pregnancy but increased 2.5-fold between parturition and d 7 of lactation. Gene expression studies showed that liver was the major source of this elevation with little contribution by adipose tissue or mammary gland. Additional studies showed that plasma ORM1 was not increased further by excessive fatness or by reproductive dysfunction in early lactation and was completely unresponsive to inflammatory stimuli such as heat stress or intravascular administration of the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide during established lactation. Second, we tested the ability of ORM1 to trigger STAT3 signaling through Ob-Rb using Chinese hamster ovary K1 (CHO-K1) cells transfected with a STAT3 expression plasmid. In this configuration, CHO-K1 cells did not express Ob-Rb and were incapable of leptin-induced STAT3 phosphorylation. Leptin responsiveness was conferred by co-transfecting with bovine Ob-Rb, with leptin causing increases of 5.7-fold in STAT3 phosphorylation and 2.1-fold in the expression of the STAT3-dependent gene, SOCS3. In contrast, neither bovine or human ORM1 triggered STAT3 phosphorylation irrespective of dose and period of incubation tested. In summary, bovine ORM1 is not increased during periods of increased inflammatory tone except in early lactation and is incapable of Ob-Rb-dependent STAT3 signaling. Overall, these data are inconsistent with ORM1 mediating the appetite-suppressing effects of inflammation in cattle through Ob-Rb.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M McGuckin
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - S L Giesy
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - A N Davis
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - M A Abyeta
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - E A Horst
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - S Saed Samii
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown 26505
| | - Y Zang
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown 26505
| | - W R Butler
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - L H Baumgard
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - J W McFadden
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Y R Boisclair
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.
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Seoane-Collazo P, Martínez-Sánchez N, Milbank E, Contreras C. Incendiary Leptin. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020472. [PMID: 32069871 PMCID: PMC7071158 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptin is a hormone released by adipose tissue that plays a key role in the control of energy homeostasis through its binding to leptin receptors (LepR), mainly expressed in the hypothalamus. Most scientific evidence points to leptin’s satiating effect being due to its dual capacity to promote the expression of anorexigenic neuropeptides and to reduce orexigenic expression in the hypothalamus. However, it has also been demonstrated that leptin can stimulate (i) thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and (ii) the browning of white adipose tissue (WAT). Since the demonstration of the importance of BAT in humans 10 years ago, its study has aroused great interest, mainly in the improvement of obesity-associated metabolic disorders through the induction of thermogenesis. Consequently, several strategies targeting BAT activation (mainly in rodent models) have demonstrated great potential to improve hyperlipidemias, hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance and weight gain, leading to an overall healthier metabolic profile. Here, we review the potential therapeutic ability of leptin to correct obesity and other metabolic disorders, not only through its satiating effect, but by also utilizing its thermogenic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Seoane-Collazo
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.S.-C.); (N.M.-S.); (C.C.); Tel.: +81-298-533-301 (P.S.-C.); +34-913-941-650 (N.M.-S.); +44-01865285890 (C.C.)
| | - Noelia Martínez-Sánchez
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
- Correspondence: (P.S.-C.); (N.M.-S.); (C.C.); Tel.: +81-298-533-301 (P.S.-C.); +34-913-941-650 (N.M.-S.); +44-01865285890 (C.C.)
| | - Edward Milbank
- CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Cristina Contreras
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.S.-C.); (N.M.-S.); (C.C.); Tel.: +81-298-533-301 (P.S.-C.); +34-913-941-650 (N.M.-S.); +44-01865285890 (C.C.)
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Abstract
Leptin is a hormone that plays a major role as mediator of long-term regulation of energy balance, suppressing food intake, and stimulating weight loss. More recently, important physiological roles other than controlling appetite and energy expenditure have been suggested for leptin, including neuroendocrine, reparative, reproductive, and immune functions. These emerging peripheral roles let hypothesize that leptin can modulate also cancer progression. Indeed, many studies have demonstrated that elevated chronic serum concentrations of leptin, frequently seen in obese subjects, represent a stimulatory signal for tumor growth. Current knowledge indicates that also different non-tumoral cells resident in tumor microenvironment may respond to leptin creating a favorable soil for cancer cells. In addition, leptin is produced also within the tumor microenvironment creating the possibility for paracrine and autocrine action. In this review, we describe the main mechanisms that regulate peripheral leptin availability and how leptin can shape tumor microenvironment.
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Zhang L, Peterson TE, Lu VM, Parney IF, Daniels DJ. Antitumor activity of novel pyrazole-based small molecular inhibitors of the STAT3 pathway in patient derived high grade glioma cells. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220569. [PMID: 31361777 PMCID: PMC6667205 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) transcription factor has been observed in many human cancers with roles in tumor initiation, progression, drug resistance, angiogenesis and immunosuppression. STAT3 is constitutively activated in a variety of cancers including adult high grade gliomas (aHGGs) such as glioblastoma (GBM), and pediatric high grade gliomas (pHGG). Inhibiting STAT3 is a promising target-specific chemotherapeutic strategy for tumors with aberrant STAT3 signaling. Here we investigated the antitumor effects of novel pyrazole-based STAT3 pathway inhibitors named MNS1 (Mayo Neurosurgery 1) in both pediatric and adult HGG tumor cells. MNS1 compounds selectively decreased cell viability and proliferation in patient-derived HGG cells with minimal toxicity on normal human astrocytes. These inhibitors selectively blocked IL-6-induced STAT3 phosphorylation and nuclear localization of pSTAT3 without affecting other signaling molecules including Akt, STAT1, JAK2 or ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Functional analysis showed that MNS1 compounds induced apoptosis and decrease tumor migration. The anti-tumor effects extended into a murine pHGG (diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma) patient derived xenograft, and systemic toxicity was not evident during dose escalation in mice. These results support further development of STAT3 inhibitors for both pediatric and adult HGG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Timothy E. Peterson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Victor M. Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Ian F. Parney
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - David J. Daniels
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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46
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MicroRNA-153 promotes brain-derived neurotrophic factor and hippocampal neuron proliferation to alleviate autism symptoms through inhibition of JAK-STAT pathway by LEPR. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20181904. [PMID: 30975733 PMCID: PMC6591574 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism is known as a severe neurobehavioral syndrome, with males affected more often than females. Previous studies have revealed that microRNAs (miRNAs) play a critical role in the search for novel therapeutic strategies for autism. Therefore, we evaluate the ability of miR-153 to influence brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) of autism as well as proliferation and apoptosis of hippocampal neuron through the janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling pathway by targeting leptin receptor (LEPR). Firstly, the autistic mice models were established and Morris water maze was employed for the analysis of the learning ability and memory of the mice. Besides, in vitro experiments were conducted with the transfection of different mimic, inhibitor, or siRNA into the hippocampal neuron cells, after which the effect of miR-153 on LEPR and the JAK-STAT signaling pathway-related factors was investigated. Next, 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay and flow cytometry assay were conducted to evaluate cell proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis respectively following transfection. The results revealed that there was a significant decrease in learning ability and memory in the autistic mice along with a reduction in the positive expression rate of BDNF and serious inflammatory reaction. LEPR was confirmed as a target gene of miR-153 by the dual luciferase reporter gene assay. After transfection of overexpressed miR-153, LEPR and the JAK-STAT signaling pathway were inhibited followed by an increase in BDNF and enhancement of cell proliferation. In conclusion, the high expression of miR-153 can inhibit activation of JAK-STAT signaling pathway by LEPR, thus improving BDNF expression and the proliferative ability of hippocampal neurons.
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47
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Liu C, Zhu P, Fujino M, Zhu S, Ito H, Takahashi K, Nakajima M, Tanaka T, Zhuang J, Li XK. 5-ALA/SFC Attenuated Binge Alcohol-Induced Gut Leakiness and Inflammatory Liver Disease in HIV Transgenic Rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:1651-1661. [PMID: 31141180 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) and sodium ferrous citrate (SFC) against binge alcohol-induced gut leakiness and inflammatory liver disease in HIV transgenic (TG) rats. METHODS TG rats were treated with 3 consecutive doses of binge ethanol (EtOH) with or without 5-ALA/SFC. Blood and liver tissue samples were collected at 6 hours following the last dose of EtOH. RESULTS Compared with the wild-type (WT) rats, the TG rats showed increased sensitivity to alcohol-mediated inflammation, as evidenced by the significantly elevated levels of serum endotoxin, AST, ALT, ED1, and ED2 staining in liver. In contrast, 5-ALA/SFC improved the above biochemical and histochemical profiles. 5-ALA/SFC also attenuated the up-regulated mRNA expression of leptin and CCL2. Furthermore, down-regulated intestinal ZO-1 protein expression was also inhibited by 5-ALA/SFC. Moreover, the expressions of HO-1, HO-2, Sirt1, and related signal transduction molecules in liver were increased by 5-ALA/SFC. These results demonstrated that 5-ALA/SFC treatment ameliorated binge alcohol exposure liver injury in a rat model of HIV-infected patients by reducing macrophage activation and expression of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, and by inducing HO-1, HO-2, and Sirt1 expression. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these findings suggested that treatment with 5-ALA/SFC has a potential therapeutic effect for binge alcohol exposure liver injury in HIV-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Liu
- Division of Transplantation Immunology, Research Institute, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ping Zhu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Masayuki Fujino
- Division of Transplantation Immunology, Research Institute, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.,AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuoji Zhu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Jian Zhuang
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Kang Li
- Division of Transplantation Immunology, Research Institute, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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48
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Walker WH, Borniger JC. Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer-Induced Sleep Disruption. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2780. [PMID: 31174326 PMCID: PMC6600154 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep is essential for health. Indeed, poor sleep is consistently linked to the development of systemic disease, including depression, metabolic syndrome, and cognitive impairments. Further evidence has accumulated suggesting the role of sleep in cancer initiation and progression (primarily breast cancer). Indeed, patients with cancer and cancer survivors frequently experience poor sleep, manifesting as insomnia, circadian misalignment, hypersomnia, somnolence syndrome, hot flushes, and nightmares. These problems are associated with a reduction in the patients' quality of life and increased mortality. Due to the heterogeneity among cancers, treatment regimens, patient populations and lifestyle factors, the etiology of cancer-induced sleep disruption is largely unknown. Here, we discuss recent advances in understanding the pathways linking cancer and the brain and how this leads to altered sleep patterns. We describe a conceptual framework where tumors disrupt normal homeostatic processes, resulting in aberrant changes in physiology and behavior that are detrimental to health. Finally, we discuss how this knowledge can be leveraged to develop novel therapeutic approaches for cancer-associated sleep disruption, with special emphasis on host-tumor interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H Walker
- Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
| | - Jeremy C Borniger
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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49
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Hurley MM, Anderson EM, Chen C, Maunze B, Hess EM, Block ME, Patel N, Cooper Z, McCoy R, Dabra T, Conley W, Reilly MJ, Hearing M, Choi S. Acute Blockade of PACAP-Dependent Activity in the Ventromedial Nucleus of the Hypothalamus Disrupts Leptin-Induced Behavioral and Molecular Changes in Rats. Neuroendocrinology 2019; 110:271-281. [PMID: 31167202 PMCID: PMC6895395 DOI: 10.1159/000501337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Leptin signaling pathways, stemming primarily from the hypothalamus, are necessary for maintaining normal energy homeostasis and body weight. In both rodents and humans, dysregulation of leptin signaling leads to morbid obesity and diabetes. Since leptin resistance is considered a primary factor underlying obesity, understanding the regulation of leptin signaling could lead to therapeutic tools and provide insights into the causality of obesity. While leptin actions in some hypothalamic regions such as the arcuate nuclei have been characterized, less is known about leptin activity in the hypothalamic ventromedial nuclei (VMN). Recently, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) has been shown to reduce feeding behavior and alter metabolism when administered into the VMN in a pattern similar to that of leptin. In the current study, we examined whether leptin and PACAP actions in the VMN share overlapping pathways in the regulation of energy balance. Interestingly, PACAP administration into the VMN increased STAT3 phosphorylation and SOCS3 mRNA expression, both of which are hallmarks of leptin receptor activation. In addition, BDNF mRNA expression in the VMN was increased by both leptin and PACAP administration. Moreover, antagonizing PACAP receptors fully reversed the behavioral and cellular effects of leptin injections into the VMN. Electrophysiological studies further illustrated that leptin-induced effects on VMN neurons were blocked by antagonizing PACAP receptors. We conclude that leptin dependency on PACAP signaling in the VMN suggests a potential common signaling cascade, allowing a tonically and systemically secreted neuropeptide to be more precisely regulated by central neuropeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M Hurley
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Eden M Anderson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Christopher Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Brian Maunze
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Evan M Hess
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Megan E Block
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Neerali Patel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Zane Cooper
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Riley McCoy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Tanya Dabra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - William Conley
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Michael J Reilly
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Matthew Hearing
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - SuJean Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA,
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50
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D'Elia L, Manfredi M, Perna L, Iacone R, Russo O, Strazzullo P, Galletti F. Circulating leptin levels predict the decline in renal function with age in a sample of adult men (The Olivetti Heart Study). Intern Emerg Med 2019; 14:507-513. [PMID: 30117101 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-018-1924-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Leptin (LPT) is associated with a number of cardiovascular risk factors, such as high blood pressure (BP), insulin resistance and excess in body weight. Some studies find an unfavorable cross-sectional association between LPT and renal disease, in particular in patients with already known kidney dysfunction. There are few data on the relationship between LPT and changes in renal function over time in subjects without evidence of kidney dysfunction. Hence, the aim of this study is to estimate the predictive role of LPT on the decline in renal function occurring in an 8-year follow-up observation of a sample of adult apparently healthy men (The Olivetti Heart Study). The study includes 319 untreated normotensive and nondiabetic men without clinical evidence of renal dysfunction (creatinine clearance-CrCl > 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) at baseline. At baseline, LPT is significantly and positively associated with BMI, abdominal circumference, BP and Homa index, no relationship is found with CrCl. At the end of the 8-year follow-up, a significant association is detected between baseline LPT and changes occurring in BP. Moreover, an inverse correlation with changes in CrCl is found (r = - 0.12). This unfavorable relationship between baseline LPT and decline in renal function is also confirmed in the multivariate analyses, after adjustment for all potential confounders (R2 = 0.42, p < 0.01). The results of this prospective investigation suggest a predictive role of circulating LPT levels on decline in renal function over time, independently of main potential confounders, in normotensive and nondiabetic men with normal renal function at baseline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanfranco D'Elia
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, ESH Excellence Center of Hypertension, "Federico II" University of Naples Medical School, Via S. Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Manfredi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, ESH Excellence Center of Hypertension, "Federico II" University of Naples Medical School, Via S. Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Ludovica Perna
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, ESH Excellence Center of Hypertension, "Federico II" University of Naples Medical School, Via S. Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Iacone
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, ESH Excellence Center of Hypertension, "Federico II" University of Naples Medical School, Via S. Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Ornella Russo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, ESH Excellence Center of Hypertension, "Federico II" University of Naples Medical School, Via S. Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Strazzullo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, ESH Excellence Center of Hypertension, "Federico II" University of Naples Medical School, Via S. Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Ferruccio Galletti
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, ESH Excellence Center of Hypertension, "Federico II" University of Naples Medical School, Via S. Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
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