1
|
Corleis B, Tzouanas CN, Wadsworth MH, Cho JL, Linder AH, Schiff AE, Zessin B, Stei F, Dorhoi A, Dickey AK, Medoff BD, Shalek AK, Kwon DS. Tobacco smoke exposure recruits inflammatory airspace monocytes that establish permissive lung niches for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadg3451. [PMID: 38055798 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adg3451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking doubles the risk of active tuberculosis (TB) and accounts for up to 20% of all active TB cases globally. How smoking promotes lung microenvironments permissive to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) growth remains incompletely understood. We investigated primary bronchoalveolar lavage cells from current and never smokers by performing single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), flow cytometry, and functional assays. We observed the enrichment of immature inflammatory monocytes in the lungs of smokers compared with nonsmokers. These monocytes exhibited phenotypes consistent with recent recruitment from blood, ongoing differentiation, increased activation, and states similar to those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Using integrative scRNA-seq and flow cytometry, we identified CD93 as a marker for a subset of these newly recruited smoking-associated lung monocytes and further provided evidence that the recruitment of monocytes into the lung was mediated by CCR2-binding chemokines, including CCL11. We also show that these cells exhibit elevated inflammatory responses upon exposure to Mtb and accelerated intracellular growth of Mtb compared with mature macrophages. This elevated Mtb growth could be inhibited by anti-inflammatory small molecules, providing a connection between smoking-induced pro-inflammatory states and permissiveness to Mtb growth. Our findings suggest a model in which smoking leads to the recruitment of immature inflammatory monocytes from the periphery to the lung, which results in the accumulation of these Mtb-permissive cells in the airway. This work defines how smoking may lead to increased susceptibility to Mtb and identifies host-directed therapies to reduce the burden of TB among those who smoke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Björn Corleis
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Greifswald-Insel Riems, 17493, Germany
| | - Constantine N Tzouanas
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science (IMES), Department of Chemistry, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Marc H Wadsworth
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science (IMES), Department of Chemistry, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Josalyn L Cho
- Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Alice H Linder
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Abigail E Schiff
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Björn Zessin
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Greifswald-Insel Riems, 17493, Germany
| | - Fabian Stei
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Greifswald-Insel Riems, 17493, Germany
| | - Anca Dorhoi
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Greifswald-Insel Riems, 17493, Germany
| | - Amy K Dickey
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Benjamin D Medoff
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Alex K Shalek
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science (IMES), Department of Chemistry, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Douglas S Kwon
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Grudzien P, Neufeld H, Ebe Eyenga M, Gaponenko V. Development of tolerance to chemokine receptor antagonists: current paradigms and the need for further investigation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1184014. [PMID: 37575219 PMCID: PMC10420067 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1184014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokine G-protein coupled receptors are validated drug targets for many diseases, including cancer, neurological, and inflammatory disorders. Despite much time and effort spent on therapeutic development, very few chemokine receptor antagonists are approved for clinical use. Among potential reasons for the slow progress in developing chemokine receptor inhibitors, antagonist tolerance, a progressive reduction in drug efficacy after repeated administration, is likely to play a key role. The mechanisms leading to antagonist tolerance remain poorly understood. In many cases, antagonist tolerance is accompanied by increased receptor concentration on the cell surface after prolonged exposure to chemokine receptor antagonists. This points to a possible role of altered receptor internalization and presentation on the cell surface, as has been shown for agonist (primarily opioid) tolerance. In addition, examples of antagonist tolerance in the context of other G-protein coupled receptors suggest the involvement of noncanonical signal transduction in opposing the effects of the antagonists. In this review, we summarize the available progress and challenges in therapeutic development of chemokine receptor antagonists, describe the available knowledge about antagonist tolerance, and propose new avenues for future investigation of this important phenomenon. Furthermore, we highlight the modern methodologies that have the potential to reveal novel mechanisms leading to antagonist tolerance and to propel the field forward by advancing the development of potent "tolerance-free" antagonists of chemokine receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vadim Gaponenko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cecchinato V, Martini V, Pirani E, Ghovehoud E, Uguccioni M. The chemokine landscape: one system multiple shades. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1176619. [PMID: 37251376 PMCID: PMC10213763 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1176619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte trafficking is mainly governed by chemokines, chemotactic cytokines, which can be concomitantly produced in tissues during homeostatic conditions or inflammation. After the discovery and characterization of the individual chemokines, we and others have shown that they present additional properties. The first discoveries demonstrated that some chemokines act as natural antagonists on chemokine receptors, and prevent infiltration of leukocyte subsets in tissues. Later on it was shown that they can exert a repulsive effect on selective cell types, or synergize with other chemokines and inflammatory mediators to enhance chemokine receptors activities. The relevance of the fine-tuning modulation has been demonstrated in vivo in a multitude of processes, spanning from chronic inflammation to tissue regeneration, while its role in the tumor microenvironment needs further investigation. Moreover, naturally occurring autoantibodies targeting chemokines were found in tumors and autoimmune diseases. More recently in SARS-CoV-2 infection, the presence of several autoantibodies neutralizing chemokine activities distinguished disease severity, and they were shown to be beneficial, protecting from long-term sequelae. Here, we review the additional properties of chemokines that influence cell recruitment and activities. We believe these features need to be taken into account when designing novel therapeutic strategies targeting immunological disorders.
Collapse
|
4
|
Gao X, Enten GA, McGee MY, Weche M, Majetschak M. α 1-adrenoceptor ligands inhibit chemokine receptor heteromerization partners of α 1B/D-adrenoceptors via interference with heteromer formation. Pharmacol Res 2023; 190:106730. [PMID: 36925091 PMCID: PMC10108735 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
We reported previously that α1-adrenoceptor (α1-AR) ligands inhibit chemokine receptor (CR) heteromerization partners of α1B/D-AR. The underlying mechanisms are unknown and in vivo evidence for such effects is missing. Utilizing CCR2 and α1B-AR as prototypical partners, we observed in recombinant systems and THP-1 cells that α1B-AR enhanced whereas its absence inhibited Gαi signaling of CCR2. Phenylephrine and phentolamine reduced the CCR2:α1B-AR heteromerization propensity and inhibited Gαi signaling of CCR2. Phenylephrine cross-recruited β-arrestin-2 to CCR2, and reduced expression of α1B/D-AR, CR partners (CCR1/2, CXCR4) and corresponding heteromers. Phentolamine reduced CR:α1B/D-AR heteromers without affecting β-arrestin-2 recruitment or receptor expression. Phenylephrine/phentolamine prevented leukocyte infiltration mediated via CR heteromerization partners in a murine air pouch model. Our findings document that α1-AR ligands inhibit leukocyte migration mediated by CR heteromerization partners in vivo and suggest interference with α1B-AR:CR heteromerization as a mechanism by which CR partners are inhibited. These findings provide new insights into the pharmacology of GPCR heteromers and indicate that an agonist and antagonist at one GPCR can act as antagonists at heteromerization partners of their target receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianlong Gao
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Garrett A Enten
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Michelle Y McGee
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - McWayne Weche
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Matthias Majetschak
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nazarinia D, Behzadifard M, Gholampour J, Karimi R, Gholampour M. Eotaxin-1 (CCL11) in neuroinflammatory disorders and possible role in COVID-19 neurologic complications. Acta Neurol Belg 2022; 122:865-869. [PMID: 35690992 PMCID: PMC9188656 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-022-01984-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The related neurologic complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection in COVID-19 patients and survivors comprise symptoms including depression, anxiety, muscle pain, dizziness, headaches, fatigue, and anosmia/hyposmia that may continue for months. Recent studies have been demonstrated that chemokines have brain-specific attraction and effects such as chemotaxis, cell adhesion, modulation of neuroendocrine functions, and neuroinflammation. CCL11 is a member of the eotaxin family that is chemotactic agents for eosinophils and participate in innate immunity. Eotaxins may exert physiological and pathological functions in the central nerve system, and CCL11 may induce neuronal cytotoxicity effects by inducing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in microglia cells. Plasma levels of CCL11 elevated in neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative disorders. COVID-19 patients display elevations in CCL11 levels. As CCL11 plays roles in physiosomatic and neuroinflammation, analyzing the level of this chemokine in COVID-19 patients during hospitalization and to predicting post-COVID-19-related neurologic complications may be worthwhile. Moreover, using chemokine modulators may be helpful in lessening the neurologic complications in such patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donya Nazarinia
- Department of Physiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Mahin Behzadifard
- Department of Physiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran.
| | - Javad Gholampour
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad Branch of Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Roqaye Karimi
- Department of Hematology and Cell Therapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadali Gholampour
- Department of Medicine, Lung Biology Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
α 1B/D-adrenoceptors regulate chemokine receptor-mediated leukocyte migration via formation of heteromeric receptor complexes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2123511119. [PMID: 35537053 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2123511119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
SignificanceHere we show that most chemokine receptors (CRs) form heteromeric complexes with α1-adrenergic receptors (ARs) in recombinant systems and that such heteromers are detectable in human monocytes and in the human monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1. Furthermore, we provide evidence that α1B/D-ARs control the function of their CR heteromerization partners. Our findings suggest that heteromeric complexes between α1B/D-ARs and CRs are necessary for normal function of CR heteromerization partners, indicate receptor heteromerization as a molecular mechanism by which stress hormones regulate leukocyte trafficking in health and disease, and offer opportunities to modulate leukocyte and/or cancer cell trafficking in disease processes.
Collapse
|
7
|
Boczek T, Mackiewicz J, Sobolczyk M, Wawrzyniak J, Lisek M, Ferenc B, Guo F, Zylinska L. The Role of G Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) and Calcium Signaling in Schizophrenia. Focus on GPCRs Activated by Neurotransmitters and Chemokines. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051228. [PMID: 34067760 PMCID: PMC8155952 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a common debilitating disease characterized by continuous or relapsing episodes of psychosis. Although the molecular mechanisms underlying this psychiatric illness remain incompletely understood, a growing body of clinical, pharmacological, and genetic evidence suggests that G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play a critical role in disease development, progression, and treatment. This pivotal role is further highlighted by the fact that GPCRs are the most common targets for antipsychotic drugs. The GPCRs activation evokes slow synaptic transmission through several downstream pathways, many of them engaging intracellular Ca2+ mobilization. Dysfunctions of the neurotransmitter systems involving the action of GPCRs in the frontal and limbic-related regions are likely to underly the complex picture that includes the whole spectrum of positive and negative schizophrenia symptoms. Therefore, the progress in our understanding of GPCRs function in the control of brain cognitive functions is expected to open new avenues for selective drug development. In this paper, we review and synthesize the recent data regarding the contribution of neurotransmitter-GPCRs signaling to schizophrenia symptomology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Boczek
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, 92215 Lodz, Poland; (T.B.); (J.M.); (M.S.); (J.W.); (M.L.); (B.F.)
| | - Joanna Mackiewicz
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, 92215 Lodz, Poland; (T.B.); (J.M.); (M.S.); (J.W.); (M.L.); (B.F.)
| | - Marta Sobolczyk
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, 92215 Lodz, Poland; (T.B.); (J.M.); (M.S.); (J.W.); (M.L.); (B.F.)
| | - Julia Wawrzyniak
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, 92215 Lodz, Poland; (T.B.); (J.M.); (M.S.); (J.W.); (M.L.); (B.F.)
| | - Malwina Lisek
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, 92215 Lodz, Poland; (T.B.); (J.M.); (M.S.); (J.W.); (M.L.); (B.F.)
| | - Bozena Ferenc
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, 92215 Lodz, Poland; (T.B.); (J.M.); (M.S.); (J.W.); (M.L.); (B.F.)
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China;
| | - Ludmila Zylinska
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, 92215 Lodz, Poland; (T.B.); (J.M.); (M.S.); (J.W.); (M.L.); (B.F.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
CCL-11 or Eotaxin-1: An Immune Marker for Ageing and Accelerated Ageing in Neuro-Psychiatric Disorders. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13090230. [PMID: 32887304 PMCID: PMC7558796 DOI: 10.3390/ph13090230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: CCL-11 (eotaxin) is a chemokine with an important role in allergic conditions. Recent evidence indicates that CCL-11 plays a role in brain disorders as well. This paper reviews the associations between CCL-11 and aging, neurodegenerative, neuroinflammatory and neuropsychiatric disorders. Methods: Electronic databases were searched for original articles examining CCL-11 in neuropsychiatric disorders. Results: CCL-11 is rapidly transported from the blood to the brain through the blood-brain barrier. Age-related increases in CCL-11 are associated with cognitive impairments in executive functions and episodic and semantic memory, and therefore, this chemokine has been described as an “Endogenous Cognition Deteriorating Chemokine” (ECDC) or “Accelerated Brain-Aging Chemokine” (ABAC). In schizophrenia, increased CCL-11 is not only associated with impairments in cognitive functions, but also with key symptoms including formal thought disorders. Some patients with mood disorders and premenstrual syndrome show increased plasma CCL-11 levels. In diseases of old age, CCL-11 is associated with lowered neurogenesis and neurodegenerative processes, and as a consequence, increased CCL-11 increases risk towards Alzheimer’s disease. Polymorphisms in the CCL-11 gene are associated with stroke. Increased CCL-11 also plays a role in neuroinflammatory disease including multiple sclerosis. In animal models, neutralization of CCL-11 may protect against nigrostriatal neurodegeneration. Increased production of CCL-11 may be attenuated by glucocorticoids, minocycline, resveratrol and anti-CCL11 antibodies. Conclusions: Increased CCL-11 production during inflammatory conditions may play a role in human disease including age-related cognitive decline, schizophrenia, mood disorders and neurodegenerative disorders. Increased CCL-11 production is a new drug target in the treatment and prevention of those disorders.
Collapse
|
9
|
Blagih J, Zani F, Chakravarty P, Hennequart M, Pilley S, Hobor S, Hock AK, Walton JB, Morton JP, Gronroos E, Mason S, Yang M, McNeish I, Swanton C, Blyth K, Vousden KH. Cancer-Specific Loss of p53 Leads to a Modulation of Myeloid and T Cell Responses. Cell Rep 2020; 30:481-496.e6. [PMID: 31940491 PMCID: PMC6963783 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of p53 function contributes to the development of many cancers. While cell-autonomous consequences of p53 mutation have been studied extensively, the role of p53 in regulating the anti-tumor immune response is still poorly understood. Here, we show that loss of p53 in cancer cells modulates the tumor-immune landscape to circumvent immune destruction. Deletion of p53 promotes the recruitment and instruction of suppressive myeloid CD11b+ cells, in part through increased expression of CXCR3/CCR2-associated chemokines and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), and attenuates the CD4+ T helper 1 (Th1) and CD8+ T cell responses in vivo. p53-null tumors also show an accumulation of suppressive regulatory T (Treg) cells. Finally, we show that two key drivers of tumorigenesis, activation of KRAS and deletion of p53, cooperate to promote immune tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julianna Blagih
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Fabio Zani
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | | | - Marc Hennequart
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Steven Pilley
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | | | - Andreas K Hock
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Discovery Sciences, R&D BioPharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, UK
| | - Josephine B Walton
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Jennifer P Morton
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Eva Gronroos
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Susan Mason
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Ming Yang
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Iain McNeish
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK; Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Charles Swanton
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Karen Blyth
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Karen H Vousden
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Stock AT, Collins N, Smyth GK, Hu Y, Hansen JA, D’Silva DB, Jama HA, Lew AM, Gebhardt T, McLean CA, Wicks IP. The Selective Expansion and Targeted Accumulation of Bone Marrow–Derived Macrophages Drive Cardiac Vasculitis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:3282-3296. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
11
|
Hayashi Y, Kawamura R, Nishimatsu SI, Fukuta O, Nakashima M. Stem Cell-Induced Pulp Regeneration Can Be Enhanced by Administration of CCL11-Neutralizing Antibody in the Ectopic Tooth Transplantation Model in the Aged Mice. Rejuvenation Res 2019; 22:51-59. [DOI: 10.1089/rej.2018.2064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Hayashi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Research Institute, Obu, Japan
| | - Rei Kawamura
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Research Institute, Obu, Japan
- Department of Gerontology and School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Oral Implantology, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Nishimatsu
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Osamu Fukuta
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Misako Nakashima
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Research Institute, Obu, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
CXCL4/Platelet Factor 4 is an agonist of CCR1 and drives human monocyte migration. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9466. [PMID: 29930254 PMCID: PMC6013489 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27710-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Activated platelets release micromolar concentrations of the chemokine CXCL4/Platelet Factor-4. Deposition of CXCL4 onto the vascular endothelium is involved in atherosclerosis, facilitating monocyte arrest and recruitment by an as yet, unidentified receptor. Here, we demonstrate that CXCL4 drives chemotaxis of the monocytic cell line THP-1. Migration and intracellular calcium responses induced by CXCL4 were pertussis toxin-sensitive, implicating a GPCR in signal transduction. Cell treatment with chondroitinase ABC ablated migration, suggesting that cis presentation of CXCL4 by cell surface glycosaminoglycans to a GPCR is required. Although CXCR3 has been previously described as a CXCL4 receptor, THP-1 cells were unresponsive to CXCR3 ligands and CXCL4-induced migration was insensitive to a CXCR3 antagonist, suggesting that an alternative receptor is involved. Interrogating CC-class chemokine receptor transfectants, we unexpectedly found that CXCL4 could induce the migration of CCR1-expressing cells and also induce CCR1 endocytosis. Extending our findings to primary human monocytes, we observed that CXCL4 induced CCR1 endocytosis and could induce monocyte chemotaxis in a CCR1 antagonist-sensitive manner. Collectively, our data identify CCR1 as a previously elusive monocyte CXCL4 receptor and suggest that CCR1 may play a role in inflammation where the release of CXCL4 is implicated.
Collapse
|
13
|
Huma ZE, Sanchez J, Lim HD, Bridgford JL, Huang C, Parker BJ, Pazhamalil JG, Porebski BT, Pfleger KDG, Lane JR, Canals M, Stone MJ. Key determinants of selective binding and activation by the monocyte chemoattractant proteins at the chemokine receptor CCR2. Sci Signal 2017; 10:10/480/eaai8529. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aai8529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
14
|
Li J, Ge M, Lu S, Shi J, Li X, Wang M, Huang J, Shao Y, Huang Z, Zhang J, Nie N, Zheng Y. Pro-inflammatory effects of the Th1 chemokine CXCL10 in acquired aplastic anaemia. Cytokine 2017; 94:45-51. [PMID: 28411045 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
CXCL10/IFN-γ-induced protein 10 (IP-10) and its corresponding receptor CXCR3 have long been considered to be involved in the pathophysiology of type 1 T (Th1) cell-orientated autoimmune diseases. However, the exact role of CXCL10 in the pathogenesis of aplastic anaemia (AA) has not been thoroughly studied. The aim of our study was to evaluate the plasma level of CXCL10 and its effects on CD4+ T cell differentiation in AA. In our study, we found that an elevated plasma level of CXCL10 was negatively correlated with platelet, absolute neutrophil and reticulocyte counts, while it was positively correlated with the proportion of lymphocytes in white blood cells in AA patients. To confirm the pro-inflammatory effects of CXCL10 in AA, we isolated CD4+ T cells and evaluated the function of CXCL10 in CD4+ T cell differentiation. In vitro stimulation experiments further revealed the pro-inflammatory role of CXCL10 in AA, partially by promoting the secretion of interferon (IFN)-γ and IL-17. In addition, CXCL10 significantly skewed CD4+ T cell differentiation to Th1 cells and T helper 17 (Th17) cells in AA patients, while it inhibited the differentiation of type 2 T (Th2) cells only in controls. The mRNA expression of transcription factors representative of T cell differentiation was detected by RT-PCR. Consistently, our results showed that after CXCL10 treatment, the expression of T-bet and RORγt was significantly enhanced, while the expression of GATA3 was inhibited. In conclusion, our results indicated that CXCL10, a pro-inflammatory chemokine, might be involved in the abnormal immune response in AA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junhong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Meili Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Shihong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Jun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Xingxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Jinbo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yingqi Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Zhendong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Neng Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yizhou Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Stone MJ, Hayward JA, Huang C, E Huma Z, Sanchez J. Mechanisms of Regulation of the Chemokine-Receptor Network. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E342. [PMID: 28178200 PMCID: PMC5343877 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The interactions of chemokines with their G protein-coupled receptors promote the migration of leukocytes during normal immune function and as a key aspect of the inflammatory response to tissue injury or infection. This review summarizes the major cellular and biochemical mechanisms by which the interactions of chemokines with chemokine receptors are regulated, including: selective and competitive binding interactions; genetic polymorphisms; mRNA splice variation; variation of expression, degradation and localization; down-regulation by atypical (decoy) receptors; interactions with cell-surface glycosaminoglycans; post-translational modifications; oligomerization; alternative signaling responses; and binding to natural or pharmacological inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Stone
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Jenni A Hayward
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Cheng Huang
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Zil E Huma
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Julie Sanchez
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Huber AK, Giles DA, Segal BM, Irani DN. An emerging role for eotaxins in neurodegenerative disease. Clin Immunol 2016; 189:29-33. [PMID: 27664933 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Eotaxins are C-C motif chemokines first identified as potent eosinophil chemoattractants. They facilitate eosinophil recruitment to sites of inflammation in response to parasitic infections as well as allergic and autoimmune diseases such as asthma, atopic dermatitis, and inflammatory bowel disease. The eotaxin family currently includes three members: eotaxin-1 (CCL11), eotaxin-2 (CCL24), and eotaxin-3 (CCL26). Despite having only ~30% sequence homology to one another, each was identified based on its ability to bind the chemokine receptor, CCR3. Beyond their role in innate immunity, recent studies have shown that CCL11 and related molecules may directly contribute to degenerative processes in the central nervous system (CNS). CCL11 levels increase in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of both mice and humans as part of normal aging. In mice, these increases are associated with declining neurogenesis and impaired cognition and memory. In humans, elevated plasma levels of CCL11 have been observed in Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis when compared to age-matched, healthy controls. Since CCL11 is capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier of normal mice, it is plausible that eotaxins generated in the periphery may exert physiological and pathological actions in the CNS. Here, we briefly review known functions of eotaxin family members during innate immunity, and then focus on whether and how these molecules might participate in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K Huber
- Holtom-Garrett Program in Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David A Giles
- Holtom-Garrett Program in Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Benjamin M Segal
- Holtom-Garrett Program in Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David N Irani
- Holtom-Garrett Program in Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Junker A, Kokornaczyk AK, Zweemer AJM, Frehland B, Schepmann D, Yamaguchi J, Itami K, Faust A, Hermann S, Wagner S, Schäfers M, Koch M, Weiss C, Heitman LH, Kopka K, Wünsch B. Synthesis, binding affinity and structure-activity relationships of novel, selective and dual targeting CCR2 and CCR5 receptor antagonists. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:2407-22. [PMID: 25566983 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02397h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
CCR2 and CCR5 receptors play a key role in the development and progression of several inflammatory, cardiovascular and autoimmune diseases. Therefore, dual targeting of both receptors appeals as a promising strategy for the treatment of such complex, multifactorial disorders. Herein we report on the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of benzo[7]annulene- and [7]annulenothiophene-based selective and dual CCR2 and CCR5 receptor antagonists. Intermediates were designed in such a way that diversification could be introduced at the end of the synthesis. Starting from the lead compound TAK-779 (1), the quaternary ammonium moiety was exchanged by different non-charged moieties, the 4-methylphenyl moiety was extensively modified and the benzo[7]annulene core was replaced bioisosterically by the [7]annulenothiophene system. The naphthyl derivative 9h represents the most promising dual antagonist (Ki (CCR2) = 25 nM, IC50 (CCR5) = 17 nM), whereas the 6-isopropoxy-3-pyridyl and 4-methoxycarbonylphenyl derivatives 9k and 9r show more than 20-fold selectivity for the CCR2 (Ki = 19 nM) over the CCR5 receptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Junker
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Karin N, Wildbaum G, Thelen M. Biased signaling pathways via CXCR3 control the development and function of CD4+ T cell subsets. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 99:857-62. [PMID: 26657511 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.2mr0915-441r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Structurally related chemotactic cytokines (chemokines) regulate cell trafficking through interactions with 7-transmembrane domain, G protein-coupled receptors. Biased signaling or functional selectivity is a concept that describes a situation where a 7-transmembrane domain receptor preferentially activates one of several available cellular signaling pathways. It can be divided into 3 distinct cases: ligand bias, receptor bias, and tissue or cell bias. Many studies, including those coming from our lab, have shown that only a limited number of chemokines are key drivers of inflammation. We have referred to them as "driver chemokines." They include the CXCR3 ligands CXCL9 and CXCL10, the CCR2 ligand CCL2, all 3 CCR5 ligands, and the CCR9 ligand CCL25. As for CXCR3, despite the proinflammatory nature of CXCL10 and CXCL9, transgenic mice lacking CXCR3 display an aggravated manifestation of different autoimmune disease, including Type I diabetes and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Recently, we showed that whereas CXCL9 and CXCL10 induce effector Th1/Th17 cells to promote inflammation, CXCL11, with a relatively higher binding affinity to CXCR3, drives the development of the forkhead box P3-negative IL-10(high) T regulatory 1 cell subset and hence, dampens inflammation. We also showed that CXCL9/CXCL10 activates a different signaling cascade than CXCL11, despite binding to the same receptor, CXCR3, which results in these diverse biologic activities. This provides new evidence for the role of biased signaling in regulating biologic activities, in which CXCL11 induces ligand bias at CXCR3 and receptor-biased signaling via atypical chemokine receptor 3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Karin
- Department of Immunology, Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel; and
| | - Gizi Wildbaum
- Department of Immunology, Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel; and
| | - Marcus Thelen
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Parajuli B, Horiuchi H, Mizuno T, Takeuchi H, Suzumura A. CCL11 enhances excitotoxic neuronal death by producing reactive oxygen species in microglia. Glia 2015; 63:2274-84. [PMID: 26184677 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The chemokine CCL11 (also known as eotaxin-1) is a potent eosinophil chemoattractant that mediates allergic diseases such as asthma, atopic dermatitis, and inflammatory bowel diseases. Previous studies demonstrated that concentrations of CCL11 are elevated in the sera and cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) of patients with neuroinflammatory disorders, including multiple sclerosis. Moreover, the levels of CCL11 in plasma and CSF increase with age, and CCL11 suppresses adult neurogenesis in the central nervous system (CNS), resulting in memory impairment. However, the precise source and function of CCL11 in the CNS are not fully understood. In this study, we found that activated astrocytes release CCL11, whereas microglia predominantly express the CCL11 receptor. CCL11 significantly promoted the migration of microglia, and induced microglial production of reactive oxygen species by upregulating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase 1 (NOX1), thereby promoting excitotoxic neuronal death. These effects were reversed by inhibition of NOX1. Our findings suggest that CCL11 released from activated astrocytes triggers oxidative stress via microglial NOX1 activation and potentiates glutamate-mediated neurotoxicity, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of various neurological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bijay Parajuli
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Horiuchi
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mizuno
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Takeuchi
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akio Suzumura
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sanner H, Schwartz T, Flatø B, Vistnes M, Christensen G, Sjaastad I. Increased levels of eotaxin and MCP-1 in juvenile dermatomyositis median 16.8 years after disease onset; associations with disease activity, duration and organ damage. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92171. [PMID: 24647150 PMCID: PMC3960173 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare cytokine profiles in patients with juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) after medium to long-term follow-up with matched controls, and to examine associations between cytokine levels and disease activity, disease duration and organ damage. METHODS Fifty-four JDM patients were examined median 16.8 years (2-38) after disease onset (follow-up) and compared with 54 sex- and age-matched controls. Cytokine concentrations in serum were quantified by Luminex technology. In patients, disease activity score (DAS), myositis damage index (MDI) and other disease parameters were collected by chart review (early parameters) and clinical examination (follow-up). RESULTS Serum levels of eotaxin, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and interferon-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) were elevated in JDM patients compared to controls (31.5%, 37.2% and 43.2% respectively, all p<0.05). Patients with active (n = 28), but not inactive disease (n = 26) had a higher level of MCP-1 than their respective controls. Levels of eotaxin and MCP-1 correlated with disease duration (r = 0.47 and r = 0.64, both p<0.001) and age in patients, but not with age in controls. At follow-up, MDI was associated with MCP-1(standardized β = 0.43, p = 0.002) after adjusting for disease duration and gender. High MDI 1 year post-diagnosis predicted high levels of eotaxin and MCP-1 at follow-up (standardized β = 0.24 and 0.29, both p<0.05) after adjusting for disease duration and gender. CONCLUSION Patients with JDM had higher eotaxin, MCP-1 and IP-10 than controls. High eotaxin and MCP-1 at follow-up was predicted by early disease parameters, and MCP-1 was associated with organ damage at follow-up, highlighting a role of these chemokines in JDM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helga Sanner
- Section of Rheumatology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Competence Centre of Pediatric and Adolescent Rheumatology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Schwartz
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Berit Flatø
- Section of Rheumatology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maria Vistnes
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Christensen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ivar Sjaastad
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Méndez-Enríquez E, Medina-Tamayo J, Soldevila G, Fortoul TI, Anton B, Flores-Romo L, García-Zepeda EA. A CCL chemokine-derived peptide (CDIP-2) exerts anti-inflammatory activity via CCR1, CCR2 and CCR3 chemokine receptors: Implications as a potential therapeutic treatment of asthma. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 20:1-11. [PMID: 24560857 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Allergic asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the accumulation of eosinophils, Th2 cells and mononuclear cells in the airways, leading to changes in lung architecture and subsequently reduced respiratory function. We have previously demonstrated that CDIP-2, a chemokine derived peptide, reduced in vitro chemotaxis and decreased cellular infiltration in a murine model of allergic airway inflammation. However, the mechanisms involved in this process have not been identified yet. Now, we found that CDIP-2 reduces chemokine-mediated functions via interactions with CCR1, CCR2 and CCR3. Moreover, using bone marrow-derived eosinophils, we demonstrated that CDIP-2 modifies the calcium fluxes induced by CCL11 and down-modulated CCR3 expression. Finally, CDIP-2 treatment in a murine model of OVA-induced allergic airway inflammation reduced leukocyte recruitment and decreases production of cytokines. These data suggest that chemokine-derived peptides represent new therapeutic tools to generate more effective antiinflammatory drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Méndez-Enríquez
- CBRL, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F. 04510, Mexico; Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F. 04510, Mexico
| | - J Medina-Tamayo
- CBRL, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F. 04510, Mexico; Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F. 04510, Mexico
| | - G Soldevila
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F. 04510, Mexico
| | - T I Fortoul
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., Mexico
| | - B Anton
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Molecular y Neuroquímica de Adicciones, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñíz, México, D.F., México
| | - L Flores-Romo
- Departmento de Biología Celular, CINVESTAV-IPN, México, D.F., Mexico
| | - E A García-Zepeda
- CBRL, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F. 04510, Mexico; Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F. 04510, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Dandona P, Ghanim H, Monte SV, Caruana JA, Green K, Abuaysheh S, Lohano T, Schentag J, Dhindsa S, Chaudhuri A. Increase in the mediators of asthma in obesity and obesity with type 2 diabetes: reduction with weight loss. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2014; 22:356-62. [PMID: 23804543 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether the expression of key asthma related genes, IL-4, LIGHT, LTBR, MMP-9, CCR-2, and ADAM-33 in mononuclear cells and the plasma concentration of nitric oxide metabolites (NOM) and MMP-9 are increased in the obese, obese type 2 diabetics (T2DM) and in morbidly obese patients prior to and after gastric bypass surgery (RYGB). DESIGN AND METHODS The expression of these genes in MNC and plasma concentrations of these indices was measured in healthy lean and in obese with and without T2DM and following RYGB in obese T2DM. RESULTS The expression of IL-4, MMP-9, LIGHT and CCR-2 and plasma NOM concentrations was significantly higher in the obese subjects and in obese T2DM patients than in normal subjects. The expression of IL-4, LIGHT, MMP-9, and CCR-2 expression was related to BMI and HOMA-IR. The expression of IL-4, LIGHT, LTBR, ADAM-33, MMP-9, and CCR-2 fell after RYGB surgery as did plasma concentrations of MMP-9 and NOM. CONCLUSIONS Obesity with and without T2DM is associated with an increase in the expression of IL-4, LIGHT, MMP-9 and CCR-2; plasma NOM and MMP-9 concentrations are also increased. Following RYGB surgery and weight loss, the expression of these factors in MNC and plasma concentrations falls significantly.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Asthma/complications
- Asthma/prevention & control
- Body Mass Index
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Gastric Bypass
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- Inflammation Mediators/blood
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Insulin Resistance
- Interleukin-4/genetics
- Interleukin-4/metabolism
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Male
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/blood
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/genetics
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- Nitric Oxide/blood
- Obesity/blood
- Obesity/complications
- Obesity/immunology
- Obesity/metabolism
- Obesity, Morbid/complications
- Obesity, Morbid/immunology
- Obesity, Morbid/metabolism
- Obesity, Morbid/surgery
- Receptors, CCR2/genetics
- Receptors, CCR2/metabolism
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 14/genetics
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 14/metabolism
- Weight Loss
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paresh Dandona
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, State University of New York at Buffalo and Kaleida Health, 115 Flint Road, Williamsville, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Loughrey BV, McGinty A, Young IS, McCance DR, Powell LA. Increased circulating CC chemokine levels in the metabolic syndrome are reduced by low-dose atorvastatin treatment: evidence from a randomized controlled trial. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2013; 79:800-6. [PMID: 23170936 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Central obesity and insulin resistance are key components of the metabolic syndrome, which is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. In obesity, CC chemokines, such as monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), macrophage inhibitory protein-1β (MIP-1β) and eotaxin-1 and their respective receptors, are critically involved in peripheral monocyte activation and adipose tissue infiltration. The aim of the current study was to examine whether low-dose atorvastatin (10 mg/d) treatment modulated serum levels of CC chemokines in metabolic syndrome subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS Serum levels of MCP-1, eotaxin-1, MIP-1β, C reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured in lean control and metabolic syndrome subjects at baseline, and following a 6-week randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial of atorvastatin (10 mg/d). Peripheral CD14(+) monocytes were isolated and mRNA levels of MCP-1, MIP-1 β and CCR5 determined. RESULTS Serum MCP-1 (P = 0·02), eotaxin-1 (P = 0·02) and MIP-1β (P = 0·03), CRP (P < 0·001) and IL-6 (P = 0·006) were significantly increased in metabolic syndrome in comparison with lean controls. Furthermore, CD14(+) peripheral monocyte mRNA expression of the chemokine receptor, CCR5, of which MIP-1β and eotaxin-1 are ligands, was increased two-fold in the metabolic syndrome group (P = 0·03). In addition to the expected improvements in lipid profile, atorvastatin treatment significantly reduced circulating eotaxin-1 (P < 0·05), MIP-1β (P < 0·05) levels and CD14(+) peripheral monocyte CCR5 mRNA expression (P = 0·02). CONCLUSION These results support a model whereby atorvastatin treatment, by inhibiting CD14(+) monocyte CCR5 expression, may inhibit monocyte trafficking, reduce chronic inflammation and, thus, lower circulating levels of CC chemokines.
Collapse
|
24
|
Yang J, Wang Q, Zhao R, Sun B, Wang L, Hou Y, Li X, Wu C. Identification of oligomer proanthocyanidins (F2) isolated from grape seeds as a formyl peptide receptor 1 partial agonist. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 15:756-63. [PMID: 23523627 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) plays an important role in the rapid progression of glioblastoma and has been considered as a molecular target for the treatment. Previously, we have shown that oligomer proanthocyanidins (F2, degree of polymerization 2-15), isolated from grape seeds, inhibited FPR1-mediated chemotaxis of U-87 glioblastoma cells. In the present study, we investigated the capacity of F2 to interact with FPR1. The cross attenuation of chemotaxis revealed that F2 shared FPR1 with formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLF), which is a prototype agonist of FPR1. F2 was chemotactic for U-87 cells, and the chemotactic response was abolished when FPR1 gene was silenced or FPR1 was competitively occupied. We further show that F2 specifically blocked the binding of fluorescent agonist to FPR1. Interestingly, F2 exhibited the characteristic of a partial agonist for FPR1, as shown by its capacity to activate FPR1-mediated PI3K-PKC-MAPK pathways. Meanwhile, F2 also attenuated fMLF-triggered MAPK activation, suggesting that F2 could antagonize the effect of an agonist. Furthermore, F2 abolished the invasion of U-87 cells induced by fMLF. Thus, we have identified F2 as a novel, partial agonist for FPR1, which may be useful for glioblastoma therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016, Shenyang, Engineering Technology and Research Center for Plant Polyphenols of Liaoning Province, 110016 Shenyang, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lee MMK, Chui RKS, Tam IYS, Lau AHY, Wong YH. CCR1-mediated STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation and CXCL8 expression in THP-1 macrophage-like cells involve pertussis toxin-insensitive Gα(14/16) signaling and IL-6 release. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:5266-76. [PMID: 23125416 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1103359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Agonists of CCR1 contribute to hypersensitivity reactions and atherosclerotic lesions, possibly via the regulation of the transcription factor STAT3. CCR1 was demonstrated to use pertussis toxin-insensitive Gα(14/16) to stimulate phospholipase Cβ and NF-κB, whereas both Gα(14) and Gα(16) are also capable of activating STAT3. The coexpression of CCR1 and Gα(14/16) in human THP-1 macrophage-like cells suggests that CCR1 may use Gα(14/16) to induce STAT3 activation. In this study, we demonstrated that a CCR1 agonist, leukotactin-1 (CCL15), could indeed stimulate STAT3 Tyr(705) and Ser(727) phosphorylation via pertussis toxin-insensitive G proteins in PMA-differentiated THP-1 cells, human erythroleukemia cells, and HEK293 cells overexpressing CCR1 and Gα(14/16). The STAT3 Tyr(705) and Ser(727) phosphorylations were independent of each other and temporally distinct. Subcellular fractionation and confocal microscopy illustrated that Tyr(705)-phosphorylated STAT3 translocated to the nucleus, whereas Ser(727)-phosphorylated STAT3 was retained in the cytosol after CCR1/Gα(14) activation. CCL15 was capable of inducing IL-6 and IL-8 (CXCL8) production in both THP-1 macrophage-like cells and HEK293 cells overexpressing CCR1 and Gα(14/16). Neutralizing Ab to IL-6 inhibited CCL15-mediated STAT3 Tyr(705) phosphorylation, whereas inhibition of STAT3 activity abolished CCL15-activated CXCL8 release. The ability of CCR1 to signal through Gα(14/16) provides a linkage for CCL15 to regulate IL-6/STAT3-signaling cascades, leading to expression of CXCL8, a cytokine that is involved in inflammation and the rupture of atherosclerotic plaque.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maggie M K Lee
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kuwabara Y, Katayama A, Igarashi T, Tomiyama R, Piao H, Kaneko R, Abe T, Mine K, Akira S, Orimo H, Takeshita T. Rapid and transient upregulation of CCL11 (eotaxin-1) in mouse ovary during terminal stages of follicular development. Am J Reprod Immunol 2012; 67:358-68. [PMID: 22221885 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2011.01100.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM This study aimed to investigate the regulation of expression, localization and physiological role of the CCL11/CCR3 axis in mouse ovary during the periovulatory period. METHOD OF STUDY CCL11/CCR3 expression in the mouse ovary after treatment with pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) followed by human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) 48 hr later was assessed in vivo and in 3-dimensional cultures in vitro. RESULTS Real-time RT-PCR analyses revealed transient CCL11 mRNA upregulation 6 hr after hCG treatment. Immunohistochemical staining of serial ovarian sections demonstrated overlapping expression of CCL11, CCR3 and CD31 endothelial cell marker in the theca-interstitial layer at 10 hr after hCG treatment. In vitro 3-dimensional cultures of periovulatory ovarian tissues demonstrated that treatment with anti-CCL11 neutralizing antibody significantly decreased CD31 transcript. CONCLUSIONS Gonadotropin surge leads to transient CCL11/CCR3 axis upregulation in the ovarian theca-interstitial layer, suggesting that it is involved in periovulatory physiological processes by affecting follicular vessels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimitsu Kuwabara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nippon Medical, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hua R, Pease JE, Sooranna SR, Viney JM, Nelson SM, Myatt L, Bennett PR, Johnson MR. Stretch and inflammatory cytokines drive myometrial chemokine expression via NF-κB activation. Endocrinology 2012; 153:481-91. [PMID: 22045664 DOI: 10.1210/en.2011-1506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Both human preterm labor (PTL) and term labor are consistently associated with a chemokine-induced inflammatory infiltration of the myometrium. However, what regulates myometrial chemokine expression and whether the increase in expression precedes the onset of labor, and so may have a role in its causation, or occurs after, and is simply a consequence of labor, is uncertain. Therefore, we assessed 1) chemokine expression in nonlaboring and laboring myometrial samples obtained at and before term and 2) the factors that regulate myometrial chemokine expression. We found that term labor was characterized by an increase in CXCL8 and CCL2 in both upper and lower segments, whereas PTL was associated with a distinct pattern of chemokine expression, with increases in CCL5, CXCL5, and CCL20 in the lower segment myometrium only. Further, we found that chemokine expression in myometrial cell cultures was increased by stretch and inflammatory cytokines and reduced by prostglandins and oxytocin and that the primary mediator of stretch and cytokine effects was nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and to a lesser extent MAPK. These data show that PTL appears to be associated with a distinct pattern of chemokine expression, that stretch and cytokines both drive myometrial chemokine expression primarily via activation of NF-κB. These data suggest that the modulation of NF-κB activity may be of potential benefit in the management of PTL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renyi Hua
- Imperial College Parturition Research Group, Academic Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Imperial College School of Medicine, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road, London SW10 9NH, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Berchiche YA, Gravel S, Pelletier ME, St-Onge G, Heveker N. Different effects of the different natural CC chemokine receptor 2b ligands on beta-arrestin recruitment, Gαi signaling, and receptor internalization. Mol Pharmacol 2010; 79:488-98. [PMID: 21088225 DOI: 10.1124/mol.110.068486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CCR2, which has been implicated in a variety of inflammatory, autoimmune, and cardiovascular conditions, binds several natural chemokine ligands. Here, we assessed the recruitment of β-arrestin to CCR2 in response to these ligands using bioluminescence resonance energy transfer technology. Compared with CCL2, which was considered as a full agonist, other CCR2 ligands were partial agonists with reduced efficacy and potency. Agonist potencies were not a function of their affinity for CCR2. Efficacy of arrestin recruitment matched that of agonist-induced CCR2 internalization. Although the potency and efficacy rank orders of the ligands in arrestin recruitment were similar to those observed for Gα(i1) activation, arrestin recruitment was at least in part resistant to Gα(i/o)-inactivating pertussis toxin, suggesting partial independence from Gα(i/o). The degree of pertussis toxin resistance of arrestin recruitment was different between the chemokines. Moreover, qualitative differences between the arrestin responses to the different ligands were identified in the stability of the response: although CCL7-induced arrestin recruitment had a half-life of less than 15 min, CCL8 and CCL13 induced stable CCR2-arrestin interactions. Finally, the ligands stabilized different conformations of the CCR2 homodimer. Our results support the validity of models for receptor-ligand interactions in which different ligands stabilize different receptor conformations also for endogenous receptor ligands, with corresponding implications for drug development targeting CCR2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yamina A Berchiche
- Department of Biochemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Collington SJ, Hallgren J, Pease JE, Jones TG, Rollins BJ, Westwick J, Austen KF, Williams TJ, Gurish MF, Weller CL. The role of the CCL2/CCR2 axis in mouse mast cell migration in vitro and in vivo. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 184:6114-23. [PMID: 20427772 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0904177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-resident mast cells (MCs) are important in allergic diseases. In a mouse model of allergic airways inflammation, an increase in peribronchiolar MCs was associated with increased concentrations of the chemokine CCL2 in lung lavage. MC progenitors (MCps) arising in bone marrow (BM) are recruited to tissues by transendothelial migration, and we found that CCL2 is chemotactic for MCps in freshly isolated BM in vitro. Immature, but not mature, BM-derived MCs migrated in response to CCL2 when cultured in IL-3+stem cell factor (SCF) but not when cultured in IL-3 alone. However, the cells under both culture conditions expressed mRNA for CCR2, the receptor for CCL2, and bound the radiolabeled chemokine with similar affinities, highlighting SCF as a key mediator in coupling CCR2 to downstream events, culminating in chemotaxis. Immature BM-derived MCs from IL-3 +SCF cultures, when administered i.v., accumulated at skin sites injected with CCL2 in vivo. MCp recruitment to the allergen-sensitized/challenged lung was significantly reduced in CCR2(-/-) and CCL2(-/-) mouse strains. However, reconstitution studies of sublethally irradiated and BM-reconstituted mice indicated that BM cells and stromal elements could provide CCL2, whereas the CCR2 function resided with stromal elements rather than BM cells. These experiments revealed a new function of SCF in chemokine receptor coupling, but they suggest a complex role of the CCL2/CCR2 axis in recruiting MCps during pulmonary inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Collington
- Leukocyte Biology Section, Medical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Levina V, Nolen BM, Marrangoni AM, Cheng P, Marks JR, Szczepanski MJ, Szajnik ME, Gorelik E, Lokshin AE. Role of eotaxin-1 signaling in ovarian cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:2647-56. [PMID: 19351767 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tumor cell growth and migration can be directly regulated by chemokines. In the present study, the association of CCL11 with ovarian cancer has been investigated. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN AND RESULTS Circulating levels of CCL11 in sera of patients with ovarian cancer were significantly lower than those in healthy women or women with breast, lung, liver, pancreatic, or colon cancer. Cultured ovarian carcinoma cells absorbed soluble CCL11, indicating that absorption by tumor cells could be responsible for the observed reduction of serum level of CCL11 in ovarian cancer. Postoperative CCL11 levels in women with ovarian cancer negatively correlated with relapse-free survival. Ovarian tumors overexpressed three known cognate receptors of CCL11, CC chemokine receptors (CCR) 2, 3, and 5. Strong positive correlation was observed between expression of individual receptors and tumor grade. CCL11 potently stimulated proliferation and migration/invasion of ovarian carcinoma cell lines, and these effects were inhibited by neutralizing antibodies against CCR2, CCR3, and CCR5. The growth-stimulatory effects of CCL11 were likely associated with activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, MEK1, and STAT3 phosphoproteins and with increased production of multiple cytokines, growth factors, and angiogenic factors. Inhibition of CCL11 signaling by the combination of neutralizing antibodies against the ligand and its receptors significantly increased sensitivity to cisplatin in ovarian carcinoma cells. CONCLUSION We conclude that CCL11 signaling plays an important role in proliferation and invasion of ovarian carcinoma cells and CCL11 pathway could be targeted for therapy in ovarian cancer. Furthermore, CCL11 could be used as a biomarker and a prognostic factor of relapse-free survival in ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vera Levina
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Bahar MW, Kenyon JC, Putz MM, Abrescia NGA, Pease JE, Wise EL, Stuart DI, Smith GL, Grimes JM. Structure and function of A41, a vaccinia virus chemokine binding protein. PLoS Pathog 2008; 4:e5. [PMID: 18208323 PMCID: PMC2211551 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.0040005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2007] [Accepted: 11/27/2007] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The vaccinia virus (VACV) A41L gene encodes a secreted 30 kDa glycoprotein that is nonessential for virus replication but affects the host response to infection. The A41 protein shares sequence similarity with another VACV protein that binds CC chemokines (called vCKBP, or viral CC chemokine inhibitor, vCCI), and strains of VACV lacking the A41L gene induced stronger CD8+ T-cell responses than control viruses expressing A41. Using surface plasmon resonance, we screened 39 human and murine chemokines and identified CCL21, CCL25, CCL26 and CCL28 as A41 ligands, with Kds of between 8 nM and 118 nM. Nonetheless, A41 was ineffective at inhibiting chemotaxis induced by these chemokines, indicating it did not block the interaction of these chemokines with their receptors. However the interaction of A41 and chemokines was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by heparin, suggesting that A41 and heparin bind to overlapping sites on these chemokines. To better understand the mechanism of action of A41 its crystal structure was solved to 1.9 Å resolution. The protein has a globular β sandwich structure similar to that of the poxvirus vCCI family of proteins, but there are notable structural differences, particularly in surface loops and electrostatic charge distribution. Structural modelling suggests that the binding paradigm as defined for the vCCI–chemokine interaction is likely to be conserved between A41 and its chemokine partners. Additionally, sequence analysis of chemokines binding to A41 identified a signature for A41 binding. The biological and structural data suggest that A41 functions by forming moderately strong (nM) interactions with certain chemokines, sufficient to interfere with chemokine-glycosaminoglycan interactions at the cell surface (μM–nM) and thereby to destroy the chemokine concentration gradient, but not strong enough to disrupt the (pM) chemokine–chemokine receptor interactions. As part of the innate immune response (for example to virus infection), the body produces proteins called chemokines, which act by directing white blood cells (leukocytes) to the areas of infection and inflammation. Viruses have evolved mechanisms to fight this immune response. Indeed, so important is this need to protect themselves from the immune system that some viruses, such as poxviruses, devote up to half their genetic information to this battle. We have studied a protein called A41, one component of the response of vaccinia virus (the vaccine used to eradicate smallpox) to the immune system and shown that it interferes with the function of a group of chemokines. These chemokines function by forming concentration gradients along which the white blood cells migrate, and A41 sequesters the chemokines, thereby preventing formation of the gradient. Interestingly, we show also that A41 is very similar in structure to another group of proteins, called vCCIs, that bind chemokines more tightly, blocking their attachment to white blood cells, suggesting that both mechanisms are important for virus virulence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad W Bahar
- The Division of Structural Biology and The Oxford Protein Production Facility, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Julia C Kenyon
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mike M Putz
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola G. A Abrescia
- The Division of Structural Biology and The Oxford Protein Production Facility, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - James E Pease
- Leukocyte Biology Section, NHLI Division, Faculty of Medicine, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emma L Wise
- Leukocyte Biology Section, NHLI Division, Faculty of Medicine, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - David I Stuart
- The Division of Structural Biology and The Oxford Protein Production Facility, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Geoffrey L Smith
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, London, United Kingdom
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: (GLS); (JMG)
| | - Jonathan M Grimes
- The Division of Structural Biology and The Oxford Protein Production Facility, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: (GLS); (JMG)
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Mori A, Ogawa K, Someya K, Kunori Y, Nagakubo D, Yoshie O, Kitamura F, Hiroi T, Kaminuma O. Selective suppression of Th2-mediated airway eosinophil infiltration by low-molecular weight CCR3 antagonists. Int Immunol 2008; 19:913-21. [PMID: 17804691 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxm049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of selective CC chemokine receptor (CCR)-3 antagonists on antigen-induced leukocyte accumulation in the lungs of mice adoptively transferred with in vitro-differentiated T(h)1 and T(h)2 were investigated. Inhalation of antigen by mice injected with T(h)1 and T(h)2 initiated the migration of T cells themselves into the lungs. Subsequently, neutrophils massively accumulated in T(h)1-transferred mice, whereas eosinophil infiltration was specifically induced by T(h)2. CCR3 antagonists, SB-297006 and/or SB-328437, suppressed antigen-induced accumulation of T(h)2 as well as eosinophils in the lungs, whereas they failed to affect T(h)1-mediated airway inflammation. Not only T(h)2 and eosinophil infiltration but also cellular mobilization in T(h)1-transferred mice was attenuated by an anti-CC chemokine ligand-11 antibody. CCR3 antagonists reduced chemokine production in the lungs of mice transferred with T(h)2 but not T(h)1, suggesting that down-regulation of chemokine synthesis is involved in the selective inhibition of T(h)2-mediated eosinophil infiltration by CCR3 antagonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akio Mori
- Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, National Sagamihara Hospital, 18-1 Sakuradai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 228-8522, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Chu Y, Yang X, Xu W, Wang Y, Guo Q, Xiong S. In situ expression of IFN-gamma-inducible T cell alpha chemoattractant in breast cancer mounts an enhanced specific anti-tumor immunity which leads to tumor regression. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2007; 56:1539-49. [PMID: 17659370 PMCID: PMC11030116 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-007-0296-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2006] [Accepted: 01/23/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Increased evidence indicates that chemokines are involved in tumor growth. ITAC, a key member of chemokines, possesses the ability to recruit T cells and enhance immune responses. Therefore, ITAC might contribute to antitumor immunity. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between the expression of ITAC and human breast cancer advancement. We further investigated whether forced expression of ITAC in tumor sites could mediate enhanced antitumor immunity in a murine breast cancer model. Results showed that ITAC expression level was down-regulated in 31 breast cancer specimens compared to normal mammary tissues, and associated negatively with the stages of breast cancer. Contrarily, forced expression of ITAC in murine 4T1 tumor cells resulted in tumor regression after initial growth upon injection into naïve Balb/c mice. More lymphocytes were recruited to the site of tumor inoculated by 4T1-ITAC and more than 80% of these T cells expressed the ITAC receptor, CXCR3. ITAC-recruited TILs exhibited 4T1-specific proliferation and cytotoxicity, and an increased IFN-gamma but decreased IL-4 production. Importantly, forced expression of ITAC in 4T1 tumor nodules inhibited tumor growth. These findings demonstrated that the decreased expression of ITAC is associated with the advancement of breast cancer in patients. Forced expression of ITAC in tumor site not only induces increased T cell-recruitment and elicits a specific antitumor immunity, but also mediates regression of established 4T1 tumors, indicating the potential application of ITAC-expressing tumor cells in cancer immunotherapy and vaccine designing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Chu
- Department of Immunology of Shanghai Medical College and Institute for Immunobiology, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032 Peoples Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 Peoples Republic of China
| | - Xiuli Yang
- Department of Immunology of Shanghai Medical College and Institute for Immunobiology, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032 Peoples Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 Peoples Republic of China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Immunology of Shanghai Medical College and Institute for Immunobiology, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032 Peoples Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 Peoples Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Immunology of Shanghai Medical College and Institute for Immunobiology, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032 Peoples Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 Peoples Republic of China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Department of Immunology of Shanghai Medical College and Institute for Immunobiology, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032 Peoples Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 Peoples Republic of China
| | - Sidong Xiong
- Department of Immunology of Shanghai Medical College and Institute for Immunobiology, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032 Peoples Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 Peoples Republic of China
- Immunology Division, E-Institutes of Shanghai Universities, Shanghai, 200025 Peoples Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wise EL, Duchesnes C, da Fonseca PCA, Allen RA, Williams TJ, Pease JE. Small molecule receptor agonists and antagonists of CCR3 provide insight into mechanisms of chemokine receptor activation. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:27935-43. [PMID: 17635911 PMCID: PMC2151197 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m703255200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokine receptor CCR3 is highly expressed by eosinophils and signals in response to binding of the eotaxin family of chemokines, which are up-regulated in allergic disorders. Consequently, CCR3 blockade is of interest as a possible therapeutic approach for the treatment of allergic disease. We have described previously a bispecific antagonist of CCR1 and CCR3 named UCB35625 that was proposed to interact with the transmembrane residues Tyr-41, Tyr-113, and Glu-287 of CCR1, all of which are conserved in CCR3. Here, we show that cells expressing the CCR3 constructs Y113A and E287Q are insensitive to antagonism by UCB35625 and also exhibit impaired chemotaxis in response to CCL11/eotaxin, suggesting that these residues are important for antagonist binding and also receptor activation. Furthermore, mutation of the residue Tyr-113 to alanine was found to turn the antagonist UCB35625 into a CCR3 agonist. Screens of small molecule libraries identified a novel specific agonist of CCR3 named CH0076989. This was able to activate eosinophils and transfectants expressing both wild-type CCR3 and a CCR1-CCR3 chimeric receptor lacking the CCR3 amino terminus, indicating that this region of CCR3 is not required for CH0076989 binding. A direct interaction with the transmembrane helices of CCR3 was supported by mutation of the residues Tyr-41, Tyr-113, and Glu-287 that resulted in complete loss of CH0076989 activity, suggesting that the compound mimics activation by CCL11. We conclude that both agonists and antagonists of CCR3 appear to occupy overlapping sites within the transmembrane helical bundle, suggesting a fine line between agonism and antagonism of chemokine receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Wise
- Leukocyte Biology Section, National Heart and Lung Institute Division, Faculty of Medicine, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Yang X, Chu Y, Wang Y, Zhang R, Xiong S. Targeted in vivo expression of IFN-gamma-inducible protein 10 induces specific antitumor activity. J Leukoc Biol 2006; 80:1434-44. [PMID: 16980511 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0306212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it is known that the chemoattractant effect of IFN-gamma inducible protein 10 (IP-10), a CXC chemokine (CXCL10), plays an important role in T cell-mediated antitumor immunity in vivo, whether IP-10 is involved in modulating the proliferation, survival and functional activation of tumor-specific T cells remains poorly investigated. Using an experimental mouse tumor model, we demonstrated that the in vivo growth of 4T1 tumor cells harboring IP-10 gene (4T1-IP-10) was inhibited. Mice inoculated with 4T1-IP-10 tumor cells expressing functional IP-10 survived over 90 days, whereas mice injected with control parental 4T1 cells and mice of control 4T1 cells transduced with control plasmid all succumbed to the tumor by day 38 after tumor inoculation. Mechanical analysis showed that targeted expression of IP-10 in 4T1 tumor cells markedly enhanced the infiltration of tumor-specific T cells into the 4T1-IP-10 tumor. These tumor infiltrating T lymphocytes (TILs) recruited by IP-10 were potent cytolytic killers against 4T1 tumor cells and were able to proliferate and produce high levels of IFN-gamma in response to 4T1 cells. In vivo administration of IP-10-recruited TILs induced vigorous proliferation of these TILs in situ in the 4T1-IP-10 tumor but not in the 4T1-pcDNA3 and parental 4T1 tumors. Furthermore, culture of TILs together with recombinant IP-10 significantly enhanced the proliferation and expansion of IP-10-recruited TILs in response to 4T1 tumor antigens. These results suggest that IP-10 is not only able to chemoattract tumor-specific T cells into the local tissue, but also enhance the proliferation, survival, and functional activation of these TILs, leading to the tumor regression. Thus, targeted expression of IP-10 in vivo will allow for the development of a novel approach for immunotherapy of tumor.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer/methods
- Animals
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Survival/genetics
- Cell Survival/immunology
- Chemokine CXCL10
- Chemokines, CXC/biosynthesis
- Chemokines, CXC/genetics
- Chemokines, CXC/immunology
- Gene Expression
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Interferon-gamma/immunology
- Interleukin-10/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-10/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/therapy
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Time Factors
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Yang
- Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Rd., Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Main S, Handy R, Wilton J, Smith S, Williams L, Fou LD, Andrews J, Conroy LA, May R, Anderson I, Vaughan TJ. A potent human anti-eotaxin1 antibody, CAT-213: isolation by phage display and in vitro and in vivo efficacy. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2006; 319:1395-404. [PMID: 16973884 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.106.110734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The CC chemokine, eotaxin1 (CCL11) is an important regulator of eosinophil function. A marked accumulation of eosinophils in tissues has been correlated with the up-regulation of eotaxin1 expression in several diseases. The potential therapeutic value of neutralizing the effects of eotaxin1 in inflammatory conditions (including asthma) is under investigation. A human single-chain fragment variable antibody that neutralizes human eotaxin1 (CAT-212) was produced using antibody phage display and converted to whole antibody IgG4 format (CAT-213). A novel approach to lead optimization in which the length of the variable heavy chain complementarity-determining region 3 was reduced by one amino acid resulted in an increase in potency of >1000-fold compared with the parent anti-eotaxin1 antibody. The optimized antibody binds eotaxin1 with high affinity (80.4 pM) and specificity. CAT-213 and CAT-212 do not bind or neutralize a range of other human proteins including human monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, a structurally similar chemokine. CAT-213 neutralizes the ability of eotaxin1 to cause an increase in intracellular calcium signaling (with an IC(50) value of 2.86 nM), migration of CCR3-expressing L1.2 cells (with an IC(50) value of 0.48 nM), and inhibition of the eotaxin1-evoked shape change of human eosinophils in vitro (with an IC(50) of 0.71 nM). Local administration of CAT-213 to mice (1-100 microg kg(-1)) attenuates dermal eosinophilia induced by human eotaxin1, achieving >90% inhibition of eosinophil influx. CAT-213 may therefore be of therapeutic value in inhibiting diseases in which eotaxin1 and eosinophils play a major role, for example, severe asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Main
- Cambridge Antibody Technology, Granta Park CB1 6GH, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Vaidehi N, Schlyer S, Trabanino RJ, Floriano WB, Abrol R, Sharma S, Kochanny M, Koovakat S, Dunning L, Liang M, Fox JM, de Mendonça FL, Pease JE, Goddard WA, Horuk R. Predictions of CCR1 chemokine receptor structure and BX 471 antagonist binding followed by experimental validation. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:27613-20. [PMID: 16837468 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m601389200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A major challenge in the application of structure-based drug design methods to proteins belonging to the superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is the paucity of structural information (1). The 19 chemokine receptors, belonging to the Class A family of GPCRs, are important drug targets not only for autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis but also for the blockade of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 entry (2). Using the MembStruk computational method (3), we predicted the three-dimensional structure of the human CCR1 receptor. In addition, we predicted the binding site of the small molecule CCR1 antagonist BX 471, which is currently in Phase II clinical trials (4). Based on the predicted antagonist binding site we designed 17 point mutants of CCR1 to validate the predictions. Subsequent competitive ligand binding and chemotaxis experiments with these mutants gave an excellent correlation to these predictions. In particular, we find that Tyr-113 and Tyr-114 on transmembrane domain 3 and Ile-259 on transmembrane 6 contribute significantly to the binding of BX 471. Finally, we used the predicted and validated structure of CCR1 in a virtual screening validation of the Maybridge data base, seeded with selective CCR1 antagonists. The screen identified 63% of CCR1 antagonists in the top 5% of the hits. Our results indicate that rational drug design for GPCR targets is a feasible approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nagarajan Vaidehi
- Department of Immunology, Berlex Biosciences, Richmond, California 94806, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Crown SE, Yu Y, Sweeney MD, Leary JA, Handel TM. Heterodimerization of CCR2 chemokines and regulation by glycosaminoglycan binding. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:25438-46. [PMID: 16803905 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m601518200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the wide range of sequence diversity among chemokines, their tertiary structures are remarkably similar. Furthermore, many chemokines form dimers or higher order oligomers, but all characterized oligomeric structures are based primarily on two dimerization motifs represented by CC-chemokine or CXC-chemokine dimer interfaces. These observations raise the possibility that some chemokines could form unique hetero-oligomers using the same oligomerization motifs. Such interactions could modulate the overall signaling response of the receptors, thereby providing a general mechanism for regulating chemokine function. For some chemokines, homo-oligomerization has also been shown to be coupled to glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-binding. However, the effect of GAG binding on chemokine hetero-oligomerization has not yet been demonstrated. In this report, we characterized the heterodimerization of the CCR2 ligands MCP-1 (CCL2), MCP-2 (CCL8), MCP-3 (CCL7), MCP-4 (CCL13), and eotaxin (CCL11), as well as the effects of GAG binding, using electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (ESI-FTICR) mass spectrometry. Strong heterodimerization was observed between CCL2 and CCL8 at the expense of homodimer formation. Using NMR, we showed that the heterodimer is predominant in solution and forms a specific CC chemokine-like dimer. By contrast, only moderate heterodimer formation was observed between CCL2.CCL13, CCL2.CCL11 and CCL8.CCL13, and no heterodimerization was observed when any other CCR2 ligand was added to CCL7. To investigate the effect of a highly sulfated GAG on the formation of heterodimers, each chemokine pair was mixed with the heparin pentasaccharide, Arixtra, and assayed by ESI-FTICR mass spectrometry. Although no CCL8.CCL11 heterodimer was observed in the absence of GAG, abundant ions corresponding to the ternary complex, CCL8.CCL11.Arixtra, were observed upon addition of Arixtra. Heterodimerization between CCL2 and CCL11 was also enhanced in the presence of Arixtra. In summary, these results indicate that some CCR2 ligands can form stable heterodimers in preference to homodimers and that these interactions, like those of homo-oligomers, can be influenced by some GAGs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan E Crown
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Duchesnes CE, Murphy PM, Williams TJ, Pease JE. Alanine scanning mutagenesis of the chemokine receptor CCR3 reveals distinct extracellular residues involved in recognition of the eotaxin family of chemokines. Mol Immunol 2006; 43:1221-31. [PMID: 16102831 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2005.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite considerable differences in primary structure, the chemokines eotaxin-1/CCL11, eotaxin-2/CCL24 and eotaxin-3/CCL26 signal via a single receptor, CCR3, but exhibit different potencies and efficacies. To examine receptor/ligand interactions in more detail, we performed alanine scanning mutagenesis of 21 charged residues within the extracellular loops (ECLs) of CCR3. Following transient expression in the L1.2 cell line, CCR3 mutants were assessed for their ability to be expressed at the cell surface, bind CCL11 and induce chemotactic responses to CCL11, CCL24 and CCL26. The majority of constructs were well expressed at the cell surface and bound CCL11 with low nanomolar affinity. Exceptions to this rule included the mutants E175A and E176A (ECL2) which were poorly expressed and responded weakly to all three ligands in chemotaxis assays. In contrast, the mutants K26 (amino-terminus) E179 and E180 (ECL2) responded in chemotaxis assays to CCL11 and CCL24, but not to CCL26. Mutation of residues in ECL3 was informative, with the D272A, K277A and D280A mutants exhibiting reduced chemotactic responses to two or more of the three ligands examined, despite being expressed on the cell surface at levels similar to WT CCR3. This suggests a major role for ECL3 in the recognition of all three eotaxins. In summary, distinct acidic and basic residues within CCR3 determine both receptor expression and activation by the eotaxins. Determining how these chemokines interact with their receptor at the molecular level should increase our understanding of the process of chemokine receptor activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cécile E Duchesnes
- Leukocyte Biology and Section, Biomedical Sciences Division, Faculty of Medicine, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Yang X, Chu Y, Wang Y, Guo Q, Xiong S. Vaccination with IFN-inducible T cell alpha chemoattractant (ITAC) gene-modified tumor cell attenuates disseminated metastases of circulating tumor cells. Vaccine 2005; 24:2966-74. [PMID: 16503368 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2005] [Revised: 12/01/2005] [Accepted: 12/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapeutic strategies for metastatic diseases are being developed. IFN-inducible T cell alpha chemoattractant (ITAC) has been demonstrated to be able to induce Th1-type immune response. However, the effects of ITAC on the tumor metastasis have not been fully understood. In the present study, the ITAC-modified tumor cell vaccine in inhibiting the disseminated pulmonary metastasis was evaluated. ITAC-modified tumor cell vaccine 4T1-ITAC was developed by stably transfecting 4T1 cells with pcDNA3-ITAC plasmid. Mice were vaccinated with 4T1-ITAC. Mice vaccinated with 4T1-pcDNA3 and 4T1 were used as controls. Specific cellular immune responses against 4T1 were tested by in vitro proliferation, cytokine production and cytotoxic assay. The number of clonogenic metastatic tumor cells and metastatic forci on the surface of lung were counted by histological examination. Results showed that a significant enhancement of proliferative and cytotoxic activities accompanied with increased IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha production as well as decreased IL-4 production were obtained from the mice vaccinated with 4T1-ITAC. The number of clonogenic metastatic tumor cells in the mice vaccinated with 4T1-ITAC cells reduced markedly and no visible metastasis was found in the lungs of the 4T1-ITAC vaccinated mice. Consequently, the survival rate was dramatically increased in these mice. Taken together, our results demonstrated that ITAC-modified tumor cell vaccine can enhance the anti-tumor immunity and reduce the incidence of disseminated metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Yang
- Department of Immunology and Center for Gene Immunization and Vaccine Research, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Renninger ML, Seymour R, Lillard JW, Sundberg JP, HogenEsch H. Increased expression of chemokines in the skin of chronic proliferative dermatitis mutant mice. Exp Dermatol 2005; 14:906-13. [PMID: 16274458 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2005.00378.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines direct the migration of leukocytes to sites of inflammation and are potential targets for anti-inflammatory therapy. Chronic proliferative dermatitis (cpdm/cpdm) mutant mice develop a persistent eosinophilic dermatitis associated with increased T(H)2 cytokines in the skin. Expression patterns of chemokines in the skin of cpdm/cpdm mice were evaluated to define the mechanisms driving cutaneous infiltration by leukocytes. RNA isolated from the skin of mutant and littermate control mice revealed a significant increase in Ccl1 (TCA-3), Ccl2 (MCP-1), Ccl11 (eotaxin), Ccl17 (TARC), Cxcl10 (IP-10), and the chemokine receptor Ccr3. The concentration of CCL11 protein was increased two- to threefold in the skin of cpdm/cpdm mice by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In vitro culture of primary dermal fibroblasts from cpdm/cpdm and control mice with tumor necrosis factor, IL-4, and IL-13 stimulation did not reveal differences in their ability to secrete CCL11, suggesting that the increased chemokine expression observed in the skin of cpdm/cpdm mice is most likely caused by the increased T(H)2 cytokines in the dermis of this mouse model. Treatment of cpdm/cpdm mice with CCL11-neutralizing polyclonal antibodies did not affect the number of eosinophils in the skin or the severity of the dermatitis. Neutralizing multiple chemokines or chemokine receptors may be necessary to decrease eosinophil accumulation. The cpdm/cpdm mutant mouse is a potentially useful model to determine the role of various chemokines in eosinophil accumulation in chronic inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Renninger
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Lim JK, Burns JM, Lu W, DeVico AL. Multiple pathways of amino terminal processing produce two truncated variants of RANTES/CCL5. J Leukoc Biol 2005; 78:442-52. [PMID: 15923218 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0305161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The CC chemokine regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES)/CC chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) is expressed by macrophages, endothelial cells, keratinocytes, and T cells during a wide variety of immune responses. Post-translational proteolysis is expected to play an important role in regulating such broad-based expression; however, the rates and modes of RANTES processing by primary cell systems remain poorly understood. Here, we show that peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) secrete RANTES as an intact molecule that is subject to three post-translational processing pathways. One occurs in the presence of serum or plasma and rapidly generates a RANTES variant lacking two N-terminal residues (3-68 RANTES). Such processing is mainly attributable to soluble CD26. A second pathway, which is evident in the absence of serum or plasma, generates 3-68 RANTES in concert with the expression of cell-surface CD26. The third pathway is unique and generates a novel variant lacking three N-terminal residues (4-68 RANTES). This variant binds CC chemokine receptor 5, exhibits reduced chemotactic and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-suppressive activity compared with 1-68 and 3-68 RANTES, and is generated by an unidentified enzyme associated with monocytes and neutrophils. Overall, these results indicate that the production of RANTES by primary cells is regulated by multiple processing pathways which produce two variants with different functional properties. Such findings have important implications for understanding the immunological and HIV-suppressive activities of native RANTES.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean K Lim
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, University of Maryland, 725 W. Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
De Lucca GV, Kim UT, Vargo BJ, Duncia JV, Santella JB, Gardner DS, Zheng C, Liauw A, Wang Z, Emmett G, Wacker DA, Welch PK, Covington M, Stowell NC, Wadman EA, Das AM, Davies P, Yeleswaram S, Graden DM, Solomon KA, Newton RC, Trainor GL, Decicco CP, Ko SS. Discovery of CC chemokine receptor-3 (CCR3) antagonists with picomolar potency. J Med Chem 2005; 48:2194-211. [PMID: 15771462 DOI: 10.1021/jm049530m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Starting with our previously described(20) class of CC chemokine receptor-3 (CCR3) antagonist, we improved the potency by replacing the phenyl linker of 1 with a cyclohexyl linker and by replacing the 4-benzylpiperidine with a 3-benzylpiperidine. The resulting compound, 32, is a potent and selective antagonist of CCR3. SAR studies showed that the 3-acetylphenyl urea of 32 could be replaced with heterocyclic ureas or heterocyclic-substituted phenyl ureas and still maintain the potency (inhibition of eotaxin-induced chemotaxis) of this class of compounds in the low-picomolar range (IC(50) = 10-60 pM), representing some of the most potent CCR3 antagonists reported to date. The potency of 32 for mouse CCR3 (chemotaxis IC(50) = 41 nM) and its oral bioavailability in mice (20% F ) were adequate to assess the efficacy in animal models of allergic airway inflammation. Oral administration of 32 reduced eosinophil recruitment into the lungs in a dose-dependent manner in these animal models. On the basis of its overall potency, selectivity, efficacy, and safety profile, the benzenesulfonate salt of 32, designated DPC168, entered phase I clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George V De Lucca
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Pharmaceutical Research Institute, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Datta-Mannan A, Stone MJ. Chemokine-binding specificity of soluble chemokine-receptor analogues: identification of interacting elements by chimera complementation. Biochemistry 2005; 43:14602-11. [PMID: 15544331 DOI: 10.1021/bi048990e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The specificity of chemokine-receptor interactions plays a central role in the regulation of leukocyte migration in inflammatory responses. Herein, we describe a soluble mimic of CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2), dubbed CROSS-N(2)E3(2), which incorporates the N-terminal region (N) and third extracellular loop (E3) elements of CCR2 displayed on the surface of a soluble protein scaffold. CROSS-N(2)E3(2) binds to the CCR2 ligand monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) with a dissociation equilibrium constant of 1.1 +/- 0.1 microM but does not bind to the cognate chemokines of the receptor CCR3 (eotaxin-1, -2, and -3). Similarly, a soluble analogue of CCR3 (CROSS(5)-N(3)E3(3)) binds to eotaxin-1, -2, and -3 but not to MCP-1. Thus, these receptor analogues have the same specificity as the natural receptors. Using soluble proteins containing N and E3 elements from different receptors (CROSS-N(2)E3(3) and CROSS-N(3)E3(2)), we demonstrate that both receptor elements are required for optimal binding to the cognate chemokines. In addition, we report the binding affinities of all four CROSS proteins to a panel of two wild-type and six chimeric chemokines. These complementation studies indicate the regions of the chemokines that interact with each element of the receptors, allowing us to deduce the orientations of the receptor extracellular elements relative to the bound chemokines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amita Datta-Mannan
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-0001, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
de Mendonça FL, da Fonseca PCA, Phillips RM, Saldanha JW, Williams TJ, Pease JE. Site-directed mutagenesis of CC chemokine receptor 1 reveals the mechanism of action of UCB 35625, a small molecule chemokine receptor antagonist. J Biol Chem 2004; 280:4808-16. [PMID: 15548526 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m412267200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CCR1 and its principal ligand, CCL3/MIP-1alpha, have been implicated in the pathology of several inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and asthma. As such, these molecules are the focus of much research with the ultimate aim of developing novel therapies. We have described previously a non-competitive small molecule antagonist of CCR1 (UCB 35625), which we hypothesized interacted with amino acids located within the receptor transmembrane (TM) helices (Sabroe, I., Peck, M. J., Jan Van Keulen, B., Jorritsma, A., Simmons, G., Clapham, P. R., Williams, T. J., and Pease, J. E. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 25985-25992). Here we describe an approach to identifying the mechanism by which the molecule antagonizes CCR1. Thirty-three point mutants of CCR1 were expressed transiently in L1.2 cells, and the cells were assessed for their capacity to migrate in response to CCL3 in the presence or absence of UCB 35625. Cells expressing the mutant constructs Y41A (TM helix 1, or TM1), Y113A (TM3), and E287A (TM7) were responsive to CCL3 but resistant to the antagonist, consistent with a role for the TM helices in CCR1 interactions with UCB 35625. Subsequent molecular modeling successfully docked the compound with CCR1 and suggests that the antagonist ligates TM1, 2, and 7 of CCR1 and severely impedes access to TM2 and TM3, a region thought to be perturbed by the chemokine amino terminus during the process of receptor activation. Insights into the mechanism of action of these compounds may facilitate the development of more potent antagonists that show promise as future therapeutic agents in the treatment of inflammatory disease.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Binding Sites
- Binding, Competitive
- Cell Membrane/metabolism
- Cell Movement
- Chemotaxis
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Glutamic Acid/chemistry
- Humans
- Inflammation
- Models, Chemical
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
- Mutation
- Point Mutation
- Protein Binding
- Protein Conformation
- Protein Structure, Secondary
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Receptors, CCR1
- Receptors, Chemokine/chemistry
- Receptors, Chemokine/genetics
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Signal Transduction
- Software
- Stereoisomerism
- Transfection
- Xanthenes/pharmacology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Lopes de Mendonça
- Leukocyte Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Parody TR, Stone MJ. High level expression, activation, and antagonism of CC chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR3 in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Cytokine 2004; 27:38-46. [PMID: 15207250 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2004.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2003] [Revised: 03/16/2004] [Accepted: 03/30/2004] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The specificity of leukocyte trafficking in inflammation is controlled by the interactions of chemokines with chemokine receptors. Reliable structure-function studies of chemokine-receptor interactions would benefit from cell lines that express consistent high levels of chemokine receptors. We describe herein two new Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines in which the genes for chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR3 have been incorporated into identical positions in the host genome. CCR2 is the primary receptor for the chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) whereas CCR3 is the primary receptor for the chemokines eotaxin-1, eotaxin-2 and eotaxin-3. Both receptors are expressed at >5,000,000 copies per cell, substantially higher levels than in previous cell lines, and both are competent for binding and activation by the cognate chemokines for these receptors. Using these cell lines we confirm that eotaxin-1 and eotaxin-3 can act as an agonist and an antagonist, respectively, of CCR2. In addition, we show that eotaxin-2 is an antagonist of CCR2 and MCP-1 is an agonist of CCR3. Comparison of the chemokine sequences reveals several positions that are identical in MCP-1 and eotaxin-1 but different in eotaxin-2 and eotaxin-3, suggesting that these amino acids play a role in CCR2 activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Todd R Parody
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-0001, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Petkovic V, Moghini C, Paoletti S, Uguccioni M, Gerber B. I-TAC/CXCL11 is a natural antagonist for CCR5. J Leukoc Biol 2004; 76:701-8. [PMID: 15178708 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1103570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The selective CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) agonists, monokine induced by interferon-gamma (IFN- gamma)/CXC chemokine ligand 9 (CXCL9), IFN-inducible protein 10/CXCL10, and IFN-inducible T cell alpha chemoattractant (I-TAC)/CXCL11, attract CXCR3+ cells such as CD45RO+ T lymphocytes, B cells, and natural killer cells. Further, all three chemokines are potent, natural antagonists for chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3) and feature defensin-like, antimicrobial activities. In this study, we show that I-TAC, in addition to these effects, acts as an antagonist for CCR5. I-TAC inhibited the binding of macrophage-inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha)/CC chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3) to cells transfected with CCR5 and to monocytes. Furthermore, cell migration evoked by regulated on activation, normal T expressed and secreted (RANTES)/CCL5 and MIP-1beta/CCL4, the selective agonist of CCR5, was inhibited in transfected cells and monocytes, respectively. In two other functional assays, namely the release of free intracellular calcium and actin polymerization, I-TAC reduced CCR5 activities to minimal levels. Sequence and structure analyses indicate a potential role for K17, K49, and Q51 of I-TAC in CCR5 binding. Our results expand on the potential role of I-TAC as a negative modulator in leukocyte migration and activation, as I-TAC would specifically counteract the responses mediated by many "classical," inflammatory chemokines that act not only via CCR3 but via CCR5 as well.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Actins/biosynthesis
- Amino Acid Sequence/physiology
- Animals
- Base Sequence/physiology
- Binding Sites/drug effects
- Binding Sites/immunology
- CCR5 Receptor Antagonists
- Calcium Signaling/drug effects
- Calcium Signaling/immunology
- Cell Line
- Cells, Cultured
- Chemokine CCL3
- Chemokine CCL4
- Chemokine CCL5/immunology
- Chemokine CCL5/metabolism
- Chemokine CXCL11
- Chemokines, CXC/immunology
- Chemokines, CXC/metabolism
- Chemokines, CXC/pharmacology
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/drug effects
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/immunology
- Down-Regulation/drug effects
- Down-Regulation/immunology
- Humans
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins/immunology
- Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Protein Binding/drug effects
- Protein Binding/immunology
- Protein Structure, Tertiary/physiology
- Receptors, CCR3
- Receptors, CCR5/immunology
- Receptors, CCR5/metabolism
- Receptors, Chemokine/immunology
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vibor Petkovic
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Ballinzona, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Ogilvie P, Thelen S, Moepps B, Gierschik P, da Silva Campos AC, Baggiolini M, Thelen M. Unusual Chemokine Receptor Antagonism Involving a Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 172:6715-22. [PMID: 15153488 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.172.11.6715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Antagonism of chemokines on chemokine receptors constitutes a new regulatory principle in inflammation. Eotaxin (CCL11), an agonist for CCR3 and an attractant of eosinophils, basophils, and Th2 lymphocytes, was shown to act as an antagonist for CCR2, which is widely expressed on leukocytes and is essential for inflammatory responses. In this report we provide direct evidence for a novel mechanism how chemokine receptor function can be arrested by endogenous ligands. We show that binding of eotaxin to CCR2 stimulates the mitogen-activated protein kinases extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). Activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2-ERK pathway is indispensable for eotaxin-mediated attenuation of CCR2 function, as inhibition of ERK phosphorylation abolishes the arresting effect. ERK is also activated by CCR2 agonists, e.g., monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (CCL2). However, the involved pathways are different, although in either case coupling of CCR2 to pertussis toxin-sensitive heterotrimeric G proteins is necessary. The results are in agreement with the view that CCR2 could assume different activation states depending on the ligand it encounters. With respect to actin polymerization and calcium mobilization, the different activation states lead to agonistic and antagonistic responses. It is conceivable that the intracellular signal transduction pathway that is activated by eotaxin could cause an attenuation of proinflammatory responses mediated by CCR2.
Collapse
|
49
|
Petkovic V, Moghini C, Paoletti S, Uguccioni M, Gerber B. Eotaxin-3/CCL26 is a natural antagonist for CC chemokine receptors 1 and 5. A human chemokine with a regulatory role. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:23357-63. [PMID: 15039444 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m309283200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Eotaxin-3 (CCL26), like eotaxin (CCL11) and eotaxin-2 (CCL24), has long been considered a specific agonist for CC chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3), attracting and activating eosinophils, basophils, and Th2 type T lymphocytes. Although not characterized extensively yet, its expression profile coincides with a potential role in allergic inflammation. We recently reported that eotaxin-3 is an antagonist for CCR2 (Ogilvie, P., Paoletti, S., Clark-Lewis, I., and Uguccioni, M. (2003) Blood 102, 789-784). In the present report, we provide evidence that eotaxin-3 acts as a natural antagonist on CCR1 and -5 as well. Eotaxin-3 bound to cells transfected with either CCR1 or -5 as well as to monocytes expressing both receptors. Further, it inhibited chemotaxis, the release of free intracellular calcium, and actin polymerization when cells were stimulated with known agonists of CCR1 and -5. An analysis of its three-dimensional structure indicated the presence of two distinct epitopes that may be involved in specific binding to CCR1, -2, -3, and -5. Taken together, our data thus indicate eotaxin-3 to be the first human chemokine that features broadband antagonistic activities, suggesting that it may have a modulatory rather than an inflammatory function. Further, eotaxin-3 may play an unrecognized role in the polarization of cellular recruitment by attracting Th2 lymphocytes as well as eosinophils and basophils via CCR3, while concomitantly blocking the recruitment of Th1 lymphocytes and monocytes via CCR1, -2, and -5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vibor Petkovic
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Chung IY, Kim YH, Choi MK, Noh YJ, Park CS, Kwon DY, Lee DY, Lee YS, Chang HS, Kim KS. Eotaxin and monocyte chemotactic protein-3 use different modes of action. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 314:646-53. [PMID: 14733956 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.12.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Eotaxin selectively binds CC chemokine receptor (CCR) 3, whereas monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-3 binds CCR1, CCR2, and CCR3. To identify the functional determinants of the chemokines, we generated four reciprocal chimeric chemokines-M10E9, M22E21, E8M11, and E20M23-by shuffling the N-terminus and N-loop of eotaxin and MCP-3. M22E21 and E8M11, which shared the N-loop from MCP-3, bound to monocytes with high affinity, and activated monocytes. In contrast, M10E9 and E20M23, which lacked the N-loop, failed to bind and transduce monocyte responses, identifying the N-loop of MCP-3 as the selectivity determinant for CCR1/CCR2. A BIAcore assay with an N-terminal peptide of CCR3 (residues 1-35) revealed that all chimeras except E20M23 exhibited varying degrees of binding affinity with commensurate chemotaxis activity of eosinophils. Surprisingly, E20M23 could neither bind the CCR3 peptide nor activate eosinophils, despite having both N-terminal motifs from eotaxin. These results suggest that the two N-terminal motifs of eotaxin must cooperate with other regions to successfully bind and activate CCR3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Il Yup Chung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Kyunggi-do, Republic of Korea.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|