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Hohagen M, Saraiva N, Kählig H, Gerner C, Del Favero G, Kleitz F. Silica nanoparticle conjugation with gallic acid towards enhanced free radical scavenging capacity and activity on osteosarcoma cells in vitro. J Mater Chem B 2024. [PMID: 38860306 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00151f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Gallic acid (GA), derived from land plants, possesses diverse physiological benefits, including anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects, making it valuable for biomedical applications. In this study, GA was used to modify the surface of dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles (DMSNs) via carbamate (DMSN-NCO-GA) or amide (DMSN-NH-GA) bonds, using a post-grafting technique. To explore GA-conjugated materials' potential in modulating cancer cell redox status, three variants of osteosarcoma cells (U2-OS) were used. These variants comprised the wild-type cells (NEO), the cells overexpressing the wild-type human Golgi anti-apoptotic protein (hGAAP), and the null mutant of hGAAP (Ct-mut), as this protein was previously demonstrated to play a role in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and cell migration. In the absence of external ROS triggers, non-modified DMSNs increased intracellular ROS in Ct-mut and NEO cells, while GA-conjugated materials, particularly DMSN-NH-GA, significantly reduced ROS levels, especially pronounced with higher GA concentrations and notably in hGAAP cells with inherently higher ROS levels. Additionaly, NH-GA conjugates were less cytotoxic, more effective in reducing cell migration, and had higher ROS buffering capacity compared to DMSN-NCO-GA materials. However, in the presence of the external stressor tert-butyl-hydroperoxide (TBHP), NCO-GA conjugates showed more efficient reduction of intracellular ROS. These findings suggest that varying chemical decoration strategies of nanomaterials, along with the accessibility of functional groups to the cellular environment, significantly influence the biological response in osteosarcoma cells. Highlighting this, GA-conjugation is a promising method for implementing antioxidant properties and inhibiting cancer cell migration, warranting further research in anticancer treatment and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Hohagen
- Department of Functional Materials and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Nuno Saraiva
- CBIOS-Universidade Lusófona's Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Hanspeter Kählig
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christopher Gerner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Giorgia Del Favero
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Freddy Kleitz
- Department of Functional Materials and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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2
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Mentel M, Illová M, Krajčovičová V, Kroupová G, Mannová Z, Chovančíková P, Polčic P. Yeast Bax Inhibitor (Bxi1p/Ybh3p) Is Not Required for the Action of Bcl-2 Family Proteins on Cell Viability. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12011. [PMID: 37569387 PMCID: PMC10419234 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Permeabilization of mitochondrial membrane by proteins of the BCL-2 family is a key decisive event in the induction of apoptosis in mammalian cells. Although yeast does not have homologs of the BCL-2 family, when these are expressed in yeast, they modulate the survival of cells in a way that corresponds to their activity in mammalian cells. The yeast gene, alternatively referred to as BXI1 or YBH3, encodes for membrane protein in the endoplasmic reticulum that was, contradictorily, shown to either inhibit Bax or to be required for Bax activity. We have tested the effect of the deletion of this gene on the pro-apoptotic activity of Bax and Bak and the anti-apoptotic activity of Bcl-XL and Bcl-2, as well on survival after treatment with inducers of regulated cell death in yeast, hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid. While deletion resulted in increased sensitivity to acetic acid, it did not affect the sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide nor to BCL-2 family members. Thus, our results do not support any model in which the activity of BCL-2 family members is directly affected by BXI1 but rather indicate that it may participate in modulating survival in response to some specific forms of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Peter Polčic
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská Dolina CH1, Ilkovičova 6, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
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3
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Abstract
Poxviruses have been long regarded as potent inhibitors of apoptotic cell death. More recently, they have been shown to inhibit necroptotic cell death through two distinct strategies. These strategies involve either blocking virus sensing by the host pattern recognition receptor, ZBP1 (also called DAI) or by influencing receptor interacting protein kinase (RIPK)3 signal transduction by inhibition of activation of the executioner of necroptosis, mixed lineage kinase-like protein (MLKL). Vaccinia virus E3 specifically blocks ZBP1 → RIPK3 → MLKL necroptosis, leaving virus-infected cells susceptible to the TNF death-receptor signaling (e.g., TNFR1 → FADD → RIPK1 → RIPK3 → MLKL), and, potentially, TLR3 → TRIF → RIPK3 → MLKL necroptosis. While E3 restriction of necroptosis appears to be common to many poxviruses that infect vertebrate hosts, another modulatory strategy not observed in vaccinia or variola virus manifests through subversion of MLKL activation. Recently described viral mimics of MLKL in other chordopoxviruses inhibit all three modes of necroptotic cell death. As with inhibition of apoptosis, the evolution of potentially redundant viral mechanisms to inhibit programmed necroptotic cell death emphasizes the importance of this pathway in the arms race between pathogens and their hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather S Koehler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory Vaccine Center, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Bertram L Jacobs
- Arizona State University, Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.
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4
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Austin S, Mekis R, Mohammed SEM, Scalise M, Wang W, Galluccio M, Pfeiffer C, Borovec T, Parapatics K, Vitko D, Dinhopl N, Demaurex N, Bennett KL, Indiveri C, Nowikovsky K. TMBIM5 is the Ca 2+ /H + antiporter of mammalian mitochondria. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e54978. [PMID: 36321428 PMCID: PMC9724676 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202254978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial Ca2+ ions are crucial regulators of bioenergetics and cell death pathways. Mitochondrial Ca2+ content and cytosolic Ca2+ homeostasis strictly depend on Ca2+ transporters. In recent decades, the major players responsible for mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and release have been identified, except the mitochondrial Ca2+ /H+ exchanger (CHE). Originally identified as the mitochondrial K+ /H+ exchanger, LETM1 was also considered as a candidate for the mitochondrial CHE. Defining the mitochondrial interactome of LETM1, we identify TMBIM5/MICS1, the only mitochondrial member of the TMBIM family, and validate the physical interaction of TMBIM5 and LETM1. Cell-based and cell-free biochemical assays demonstrate the absence or greatly reduced Na+ -independent mitochondrial Ca2+ release in TMBIM5 knockout or pH-sensing site mutants, respectively, and pH-dependent Ca2+ transport by recombinant TMBIM5. Taken together, we demonstrate that TMBIM5, but not LETM1, is the long-sought mitochondrial CHE, involved in setting and regulating the mitochondrial proton gradient. This finding provides the final piece of the puzzle of mitochondrial Ca2+ transporters and opens the door to exploring its importance in health and disease, and to developing drugs modulating Ca2+ exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Austin
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Comprehensive Cancer CenterMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Present address:
Department of Biological & Chemical SciencesThe University of the West Indies, Cave Hill CampusCave HillBarbados
| | - Ronald Mekis
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Comprehensive Cancer CenterMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and BiophysicsUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Sami E M Mohammed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and BiophysicsUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Mariafrancesca Scalise
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra) Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular BiotechnologyUniversity of CalabriaArcavacata di RendeItaly
| | - Wen‐An Wang
- Department of Cell Physiology & MetabolismUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Michele Galluccio
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra) Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular BiotechnologyUniversity of CalabriaArcavacata di RendeItaly
| | - Christina Pfeiffer
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Comprehensive Cancer CenterMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Tamara Borovec
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Comprehensive Cancer CenterMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and BiophysicsUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Katja Parapatics
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Dijana Vitko
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Nora Dinhopl
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of PathologyUniversity of Veterinary MedicineViennaAustria
| | - Nicolas Demaurex
- Department of Cell Physiology & MetabolismUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Keiryn L Bennett
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Cesare Indiveri
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra) Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular BiotechnologyUniversity of CalabriaArcavacata di RendeItaly
- CNR Institute of BiomembranesBioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM)BariItaly
| | - Karin Nowikovsky
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Comprehensive Cancer CenterMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and BiophysicsUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaViennaAustria
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5
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Zhang VX, Sze KMF, Chan LK, Ho DWH, Tsui YM, Chiu YT, Lee E, Husain A, Huang H, Tian L, Wong CCL, Ng IOL. Antioxidant supplements promote tumor formation and growth and confer drug resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma by reducing intracellular ROS and induction of TMBIM1. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:217. [PMID: 34924003 PMCID: PMC8684635 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00731-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Controversy over the benefits of antioxidants supplements in cancers persists for long. Using hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as a model, we investigated the effects of exogenous antioxidants N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and glutathione (GSH) on tumor formation and growth. Methods Multiple mouse models, including diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced and Trp53KO/C-MycOE-induced HCC models, mouse hepatoma cell and human HCC cell xenograft models with subcutaneous or orthotopic injection were used. In vitro assays including ROS assay, colony formation, sphere formation, proliferation, migration and invasion, apoptosis, cell cycle assays were conducted. Western blot was performed for protein expression and RNA-sequencing to identify potential gene targets. Results In these multiple different mouse and cell line models, we observed that NAC and GSH promoted HCC tumor formation and growth, accompanied with significant reduction of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Moreover, NAC and GSH promoted cancer stemness, and abrogated the tumor-suppressive effects of Sorafenib both in vitro and in vivo. Exogenous supplementation of NAC or GSH reduced the expression of NRF2 and GCLC, suggesting the NRF2/GCLC-related antioxidant production pathway might be desensitized. Using transcriptomic analysis to identify potential gene targets, we found that TMBIM1 was significantly upregulated upon NAC and GSH treatment. Both TCGA and in-house RNA-sequence databases showed that TMBIM1 was overexpressed in HCC tumors. Stable knockdown of TMBIM1 increased the intracellular ROS; it also abolished the promoting effects of the antioxidants in HCC cells. On the other hand, BSO and SSA, inhibitors targeting NAC and GSH metabolism respectively, partially abrogated the pro-oncogenic effects induced by NAC and GSH in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions Our data implicate that exogenous antioxidants NAC and GSH, by reducing the intracellular ROS levels and inducing TMBIM expression, promoted HCC formation and tumor growth, and counteracted the therapeutic effect of Sorafenib. Our study provides scientific insight regarding the use of exogenous antioxidant supplements in cancers. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13578-021-00731-0.
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6
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Lemos FO, Bultynck G, Parys JB. A comprehensive overview of the complex world of the endo- and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+-leak channels. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:119020. [PMID: 33798602 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inside cells, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) forms the largest Ca2+ store. Ca2+ is actively pumped by the SERCA pumps in the ER, where intraluminal Ca2+-binding proteins enable the accumulation of large amount of Ca2+. IP3 receptors and the ryanodine receptors mediate the release of Ca2+ in a controlled way, thereby evoking complex spatio-temporal signals in the cell. The steady state Ca2+ concentration in the ER of about 500 μM results from the balance between SERCA-mediated Ca2+ uptake and the passive leakage of Ca2+. The passive Ca2+ leak from the ER is often ignored, but can play an important physiological role, depending on the cellular context. Moreover, excessive Ca2+ leakage significantly lowers the amount of Ca2+ stored in the ER compared to normal conditions, thereby limiting the possibility to evoke Ca2+ signals and/or causing ER stress, leading to pathological consequences. The so-called Ca2+-leak channels responsible for Ca2+ leakage from the ER are however still not well understood, despite over 20 different proteins have been proposed to contribute to it. This review has the aim to critically evaluate the available evidence about the various channels potentially involved and to draw conclusions about their relative importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda O Lemos
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Kanker Instituut, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-1 B-802, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Bultynck
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Kanker Instituut, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-1 B-802, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan B Parys
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Kanker Instituut, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-1 B-802, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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7
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Suraweera CD, Hinds MG, Kvansakul M. Poxviral Strategies to Overcome Host Cell Apoptosis. Pathogens 2020; 10:pathogens10010006. [PMID: 33374867 PMCID: PMC7823800 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is a form of cellular suicide initiated either via extracellular (extrinsic apoptosis) or intracellular (intrinsic apoptosis) cues. This form of programmed cell death plays a crucial role in development and tissue homeostasis in multicellular organisms and its dysregulation is an underlying cause for many diseases. Intrinsic apoptosis is regulated by members of the evolutionarily conserved B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) family, a family that consists of pro- and anti-apoptotic members. Bcl-2 genes have also been assimilated by numerous viruses including pox viruses, in particular the sub-family of chordopoxviridae, a group of viruses known to infect almost all vertebrates. The viral Bcl-2 proteins are virulence factors and aid the evasion of host immune defenses by mimicking the activity of their cellular counterparts. Viral Bcl-2 genes have proved essential for the survival of virus infected cells and structural studies have shown that though they often share very little sequence identity with their cellular counterparts, they have near-identical 3D structures. However, their mechanisms of action are varied. In this review, we examine the structural biology, molecular interactions, and detailed mechanism of action of poxvirus encoded apoptosis inhibitors and how they impact on host–virus interactions to ultimately enable successful infection and propagation of viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chathura D. Suraweera
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia;
| | - Mark G. Hinds
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Correspondence: (M.G.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Marc Kvansakul
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia;
- Correspondence: (M.G.H.); (M.K.)
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8
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Structure and regulation of the BsYetJ calcium channel in lipid nanodiscs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:30126-30134. [PMID: 33208533 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2014094117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BsYetJ is a bacterial homolog of transmembrane BAX inhibitor-1 motif-containing 6 (TMBIM6) membrane protein that plays a key role in the control of calcium homeostasis. However, the BsYetJ (or TMBIM6) structure embedded in a lipid bilayer is uncharacterized, let alone the molecular mechanism of the calcium transport activity. Herein, we report structures of BsYetJ in lipid nanodiscs identified by double electron-electron resonance spectroscopy. Our results reveal that BsYetJ in lipid nanodiscs is structurally different from those crystallized in detergents. We show that BsYetJ conformation is pH-sensitive in apo state (lacking calcium), whereas in a calcium-containing solution it is stuck in an intermediate, inert to pH changes. Only when the transmembrane calcium gradient is established can the calcium-release activity of holo-BsYetJ occur and be mediated by pH-dependent conformational changes, suggesting a dual gating mechanism. Conformational substates involved in the process and a key residue D171 relevant to the gating of calcium are identified. Our study suggests that BsYetJ/TMBIM6 is a pH-dependent, voltage-gated calcium channel.
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9
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Lacinova L, Mallmann RT, Jurkovičová-Tarabová B, Klugbauer N. Modulation of voltage-gated Ca V2.2 Ca 2+ channels by newly identified interaction partners. Channels (Austin) 2020; 14:380-392. [PMID: 33006503 PMCID: PMC7567506 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2020.1831328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels are typically integrated in a complex network of protein-protein-interactions, also referred to as Ca2+ channel nanodomains. Amongst the neuronal CaV2 channel family, CaV2.2 is of particular importance due to its general role for signal transmission from the periphery to the central nervous system, but also due to its significance for pain perception. Thus, CaV2.2 is an ideal target candidate to search for pharmacological inhibitors but also for novel modulatory interactors. In this review we summarize the last years findings of our intense screenings and characterization of the six CaV2.2 interaction partners, tetraspanin-13 (TSPAN-13), reticulon 1 (RTN1), member 1 of solute carrier family 38 (SLC38), prostaglandin D2 synthase (PTGDS), transmembrane protein 223 (TMEM223), and transmembrane BAX inhibitor motif 3 (Grina/TMBIM3) containing protein. Each protein shows a unique way of channel modulation as shown by extensive electrophysiological studies. Amongst the newly identified interactors, Grina/TMBIM3 is most striking due to its modulatory effect which is rather comparable to G-protein regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubica Lacinova
- Center of Bioscience, - Institute for Molecular Physiology and Genetics , Bratislava, Slovakia.,Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius , Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Robert Theodor Mallmann
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Fakultät für Medizin, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg , Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Norbert Klugbauer
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Fakultät für Medizin, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg , Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (Neuromodul Basics), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg , Freiburg, Germany
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10
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Transmembrane BAX Inhibitor-1 Motif Containing Protein 5 (TMBIM5) Sustains Mitochondrial Structure, Shape, and Function by Impacting the Mitochondrial Protein Synthesis Machinery. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102147. [PMID: 32977469 PMCID: PMC7598220 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Transmembrane Bax Inhibitor-1 motif (TMBIM)-containing protein family is evolutionarily conserved and has been implicated in cell death susceptibility. The only member with a mitochondrial localization is TMBIM5 (also known as GHITM or MICS1), which affects cristae organization and associates with the Parkinson's disease-associated protein CHCHD2 in the inner mitochondrial membrane. We here used CRISPR-Cas9-mediated knockout HAP1 cells to shed further light on the function of TMBIM5 in physiology and cell death susceptibility. We found that compared to wild type, TMBIM5-knockout cells were smaller and had a slower proliferation rate. In these cells, mitochondria were more fragmented with a vacuolar cristae structure. In addition, the mitochondrial membrane potential was reduced and respiration was attenuated, leading to a reduced mitochondrial ATP generation. TMBIM5 did not associate with Mic10 and Mic60, which are proteins of the mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS), nor did TMBIM5 knockout affect their expression levels. TMBIM5-knockout cells were more sensitive to apoptosis elicited by staurosporine and BH3 mimetic inhibitors of Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL. An unbiased proteomic comparison identified a dramatic downregulation of proteins involved in the mitochondrial protein synthesis machinery in TMBIM5-knockout cells. We conclude that TMBIM5 is important to maintain the mitochondrial structure and function possibly through the control of mitochondrial biogenesis.
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11
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TMBIM6/BI-1 contributes to cancer progression through assembly with mTORC2 and AKT activation. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4012. [PMID: 32782388 PMCID: PMC7419509 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17802-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane B cell lymphoma 2-associated X protein inhibitor motif-containing (TMBIM) 6, a Ca2+ channel-like protein, is highly up-regulated in several cancer types. Here, we show that TMBIM6 is closely associated with survival in patients with cervical, breast, lung, and prostate cancer. TMBIM6 deletion or knockdown suppresses primary tumor growth. Further, mTORC2 activation is up-regulated by TMBIM6 and stimulates glycolysis, protein synthesis, and the expression of lipid synthesis genes and glycosylated proteins. Moreover, ER-leaky Ca2+ from TMBIM6, a unique characteristic, is shown to affect mTORC2 assembly and its association with ribosomes. In addition, we identify that the BIA compound, a potentialTMBIM6 antagonist, prevents TMBIM6 binding to mTORC2, decreases mTORC2 activity, and also regulates TMBIM6-leaky Ca2+, further suppressing tumor formation and progression in cancer xenograft models. This previously unknown signaling cascade in which mTORC2 activity is enhanced via the interaction with TMBIM6 provides potential therapeutic targets for various malignancies. TMBIM6, a member of the transmembrane BI-1 motif-containing family of proteins, is overexpressed in many cancer types. Here, the authors show that TMBIM6 regulates AKT activation through mTORC2 assembly and ribosome association and identify an antagonist of TMBIM6 with anti-tumor properties.
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12
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Lebeaupin C, Blanc M, Vallée D, Keller H, Bailly-Maitre B. BAX inhibitor-1: between stress and survival. FEBS J 2020; 287:1722-1736. [PMID: 31841271 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cellular gatekeepers are essential to maintain order within a cell and anticipate signals of stress to promote survival. BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator (BAX) inhibitor-1 (BI-1), also named transmembrane BAX inhibitor motif containing-6, is a highly conserved endoplasmic reticulum (ER) transmembrane protein. Originally identified as an inhibitor of BAX-induced apoptosis, its pro-survival properties have been expanded to include functions targeted against ER stress, calcium imbalance, reactive oxygen species accumulation, and metabolic dysregulation. Nevertheless, the structural biology and biochemical mechanism of action of BI-1 are still under debate. BI-1 has been implicated in several diseases, including chronic liver disease, diabetes, ischemia/reperfusion injury, neurodegeneration, and cancer. While most studies have demonstrated a beneficial role for BI-1 in the ubiquitous maintenance of cellular homeostasis, its expression in cancer cells seems most often to contribute to tumorigenesis and metastasis. Here, we summarize what is known about BI-1 and encourage future studies on BI-1's contribution to cellular life and death decisions to advocate its potential as a target for drug development and other therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Lebeaupin
- INSERM U1065, C3M, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.,Degenerative Diseases Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Marina Blanc
- INSERM U1065, C3M, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | | | - Harald Keller
- INRA1355-CNRS7254, Université Côte d'Azur, Sophia Antipolis, France
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13
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Almeida N, Carrara G, Palmeira CM, Fernandes AS, Parsons M, Smith GL, Saraiva N. Stimulation of cell invasion by the Golgi Ion Channel GAAP/TMBIM4 via an H 2O 2-Dependent Mechanism. Redox Biol 2019; 28:101361. [PMID: 31693977 PMCID: PMC6838802 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms by which the Golgi apparatus (GA) impacts on cell invasion are poorly understood. The human Golgi Anti-Apoptotic Protein (hGAAP, also known as TMBIM4) is a highly conserved Golgi cation channel that modulates intracellular Ca2+ fluxes. Human GAAP is expressed in all human tissues, is essential for cell viability and provides resistance against a range of apoptotic stresses. Furthermore, hGAAP enhances adhesion and cell migration by increasing the turnover of focal adhesions due to activation of store-operated Ca2+ entry. Here, we describe a GA-derived mechanism that controls cell invasion. The overexpression of hGAAP stimulates 3-dimensional proteolytic cell invasion by a mechanism that is dependent on the accumulation of intracellular hydrogen peroxide, which might be produced by the hGAAP-dependent stimulation of mitochondrial respiration. These findings provide new insight into the complex mechanisms by which Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species signaling contribute to cell invasion and to the role of the GA in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Almeida
- CBIOS, Universidade Lusófona Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, Lisbon, 1749-024, Portugal
| | - Guia Carrara
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Carlos M Palmeira
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana S Fernandes
- CBIOS, Universidade Lusófona Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, Lisbon, 1749-024, Portugal
| | - Maddy Parsons
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guys Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Geoffrey L Smith
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Nuno Saraiva
- CBIOS, Universidade Lusófona Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, Lisbon, 1749-024, Portugal.
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14
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Human cytomegalovirus US21 protein is a viroporin that modulates calcium homeostasis and protects cells against apoptosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E12370-E12377. [PMID: 30530673 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1813183115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) US12 gene family comprises a set of 10 contiguous genes (US12 to US21) with emerging roles in the regulation of virus cell tropism, virion composition, and immunoevasion. Of all of the US12 gene products, pUS21 shows the highest level of identity with two cellular transmembrane BAX inhibitor motif-containing (TMBIM) proteins: Bax inhibitor-1 and Golgi anti-apoptotic protein, both of which are involved in the regulation of cellular Ca2+ homeostasis and adaptive cell responses to stress conditions. Here, we report the US21 protein to be a viral-encoded ion channel that regulates intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and protects cells against apoptosis. Indeed, we show pUS21 to be a 7TMD protein expressed with late kinetics that accumulates in ER-derived vesicles. Deletion or inactivation of the US21 gene resulted in reduced HCMV growth, even in fibroblasts, due to reduced gene expression. Ratiometric fluorescence imaging assays revealed that expression of pUS21 reduces the Ca2+ content of intracellular ER stores. An increase in cell resistance to intrinsic apoptosis was then observed as an important cytobiological consequence of the pUS21-mediated alteration of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. Moreover, a single point mutation in the putative pore of pUS21 impaired the reduction of ER Ca2+ concentration and attenuated the antiapoptotic activity of pUS21wt, supporting a functional link with its ability to manipulate Ca2+ homeostasis. Together, these results suggest pUS21 of HCMV constitutes a TMBIM-derived viroporin that may contribute to HCMV's overall strategy to counteract apoptosis in infected cells.
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15
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Carrara G, Parsons M, Saraiva N, Smith GL. Golgi anti-apoptotic protein: a tale of camels, calcium, channels and cancer. Open Biol 2018; 7:rsob.170045. [PMID: 28469007 PMCID: PMC5451544 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.170045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Golgi anti-apoptotic protein (GAAP), also known as transmembrane Bax inhibitor-1 motif-containing 4 (TMBIM4) or Lifeguard 4 (Lfg4), shares remarkable amino acid conservation with orthologues throughout eukaryotes, prokaryotes and some orthopoxviruses, suggesting a highly conserved function. GAAPs regulate Ca2+ levels and fluxes from the Golgi and endoplasmic reticulum, confer resistance to a broad range of apoptotic stimuli, promote cell adhesion and migration via the activation of store-operated Ca2+ entry, are essential for the viability of human cells, and affect orthopoxvirus virulence. GAAPs are oligomeric, multi-transmembrane proteins that are resident in Golgi membranes and form cation-selective ion channels that may explain the multiple functions of these proteins. Residues contributing to the ion-conducting pore have been defined and provide the first clues about the mechanistic link between these very different functions of GAAP. Although GAAPs are naturally oligomeric, they can also function as monomers, a feature that distinguishes them from other virus-encoded ion channels that must oligomerize for function. This review summarizes the known functions of GAAPs and discusses their potential importance in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guia Carrara
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Maddy Parsons
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Nuno Saraiva
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK .,CBIOS, Universidade Lusófona Research Centre for Biosciences and Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, Lisbon 1749-024, Portugal
| | - Geoffrey L Smith
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
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16
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Guo K, Wang W, Fan W, Wang Z, Zhu M, Tang X, Wu W, Yang X, Shao X, Sun Y, Zhang W, Li X. Arabidopsis GAAP1 and GAAP3 Modulate the Unfolded Protein Response and the Onset of Cell Death in Response to ER Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:348. [PMID: 29616060 PMCID: PMC5864889 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The function of human Golgi antiapoptotic proteins (GAAPs) resembles that of BAX inhibitor-1, with apoptosis inhibition triggered by intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli. However, little is known about the function of GAAP-related proteins in plants. Here, we studied Arabidopsis GAAP1 and GAAP3 and found that they were localized on the cellular membrane, including the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. The function of GAAP1/GAAP3 in ER-stress response was tested, and results showed that single or double mutation in GAAP1 and GAAP3 reduced plant survival and enhanced cell death under ER stress. The expression of both genes was induced by various abiotic stress signals. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that GAAP1/GAAP3 level affected the expression pattern of the unfolded-protein response (UPR) signaling pathway genes upon prolonged ER stress. The mutation in both GAAP1 and GAAP3 genes promoted and enhanced UPR signaling when confronted with mild ER stress. Moreover, GAAP1/GAAP3 inhibited cell death caused by ER stress and promoted plant-growth recovery by turning down inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) signaling after ER stress had been relieved. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-Ip) and BiFC assays showed that GAAP1/GAAP3 interacted with IRE1. These data suggested that GAAP1/GAAP3 played dual roles in the negative regulation of IRE1 activity and anti-programmed cell death.
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17
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Ohana J, Sandler U, Kass G, Stemmer SM, Devary Y. dTCApFs, a derivative of a novel human hormone peptide, induces apoptosis in cancer cells through a mechanism involving loss of Golgi function. Mol Clin Oncol 2017; 7:991-999. [PMID: 29285362 PMCID: PMC5740848 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2017.1453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
dTCApFs (Nerofe™) is a 14-amino acid derivative of a longer hormone peptide, tumor-cells apoptosis factor (TCApF), which enters the cells through the T1/ST2 receptor. In the present study, the mechanism of action (MOA) of dTCApFs as an anticancer agent was investigated. Experiments were performed in pancreatic cancer cell lines, and immunofluorescent staining demonstrated that dTCApFs is located in the Golgi apparatus of treated cells. It was also demonstrated in pancreatic, breast and ovarian cell lines that dTCApFs treatment led to Golgi structural changes, loss of Golgi function, and molecular effects associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, such as increased levels of C/EBP homologous protein, binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP), phosphorylated inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (pIRE1), and increased phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α, and to the generation of reactive oxygen species, which was attenuated by ER stress inhibitors. Moreover, in these cell lines, long-term exposure to dTCApFs led to downregulation of spliced X-box-binding protein 1, which is an ER stress repair mechanism gene, downregulation of the Golgi anti-apoptotic protein, and reduced cell viability. In vivo studies using murine xenograft models of human pancreatic cancer verified the cell culture findings by demonstrating structural changes in the ER/Golgi and increased levels of pIRE1and BiP in dTCApFs-treated mice vs. the controls. Finally, human tissue samples from a patient who received dTCApFs for 11 months in a clinical trial were analyzed, and an increase was observed in the number of cells expressing pIRE1 and BiP post-treatment. In conclusion, we herein report a novel MOA for an anticancer agent involving triggering of apoptosis through induction of opposite effects: ER stress and downregulation of the ER stress repair mechanism. These findings provide the framework for the clinical evaluation of dTCApFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Ohana
- Immune System Key (ISK) Ltd., Jerusalem 9746009, Israel
| | - Uziel Sandler
- Immune System Key (ISK) Ltd., Jerusalem 9746009, Israel.,Department of Bio-Informatics, Lev Academic Center (JCT), Jerusalem 91160, Israel
| | - Gideon Kass
- Immune System Key (ISK) Ltd., Jerusalem 9746009, Israel
| | - Salomon M Stemmer
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Yoram Devary
- Immune System Key (ISK) Ltd., Jerusalem 9746009, Israel
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18
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Egea J, Fabregat I, Frapart YM, Ghezzi P, Görlach A, Kietzmann T, Kubaichuk K, Knaus UG, Lopez MG, Olaso-Gonzalez G, Petry A, Schulz R, Vina J, Winyard P, Abbas K, Ademowo OS, Afonso CB, Andreadou I, Antelmann H, Antunes F, Aslan M, Bachschmid MM, Barbosa RM, Belousov V, Berndt C, Bernlohr D, Bertrán E, Bindoli A, Bottari SP, Brito PM, Carrara G, Casas AI, Chatzi A, Chondrogianni N, Conrad M, Cooke MS, Costa JG, Cuadrado A, My-Chan Dang P, De Smet B, Debelec-Butuner B, Dias IHK, Dunn JD, Edson AJ, El Assar M, El-Benna J, Ferdinandy P, Fernandes AS, Fladmark KE, Förstermann U, Giniatullin R, Giricz Z, Görbe A, Griffiths H, Hampl V, Hanf A, Herget J, Hernansanz-Agustín P, Hillion M, Huang J, Ilikay S, Jansen-Dürr P, Jaquet V, Joles JA, Kalyanaraman B, Kaminskyy D, Karbaschi M, Kleanthous M, Klotz LO, Korac B, Korkmaz KS, Koziel R, Kračun D, Krause KH, Křen V, Krieg T, Laranjinha J, Lazou A, Li H, Martínez-Ruiz A, Matsui R, McBean GJ, Meredith SP, Messens J, Miguel V, Mikhed Y, Milisav I, Milković L, Miranda-Vizuete A, Mojović M, Monsalve M, Mouthuy PA, Mulvey J, Münzel T, Muzykantov V, Nguyen ITN, Oelze M, Oliveira NG, Palmeira CM, Papaevgeniou N, Pavićević A, Pedre B, Peyrot F, Phylactides M, Pircalabioru GG, Pitt AR, Poulsen HE, Prieto I, Rigobello MP, Robledinos-Antón N, Rodríguez-Mañas L, Rolo AP, Rousset F, Ruskovska T, Saraiva N, Sasson S, Schröder K, Semen K, Seredenina T, Shakirzyanova A, Smith GL, Soldati T, Sousa BC, Spickett CM, Stancic A, Stasia MJ, Steinbrenner H, Stepanić V, Steven S, Tokatlidis K, Tuncay E, Turan B, Ursini F, Vacek J, Vajnerova O, Valentová K, Van Breusegem F, Varisli L, Veal EA, Yalçın AS, Yelisyeyeva O, Žarković N, Zatloukalová M, Zielonka J, Touyz RM, Papapetropoulos A, Grune T, Lamas S, Schmidt HHHW, Di Lisa F, Daiber A. European contribution to the study of ROS: A summary of the findings and prospects for the future from the COST action BM1203 (EU-ROS). Redox Biol 2017; 13:94-162. [PMID: 28577489 PMCID: PMC5458069 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) provides an ideal framework to establish multi-disciplinary research networks. COST Action BM1203 (EU-ROS) represents a consortium of researchers from different disciplines who are dedicated to providing new insights and tools for better understanding redox biology and medicine and, in the long run, to finding new therapeutic strategies to target dysregulated redox processes in various diseases. This report highlights the major achievements of EU-ROS as well as research updates and new perspectives arising from its members. The EU-ROS consortium comprised more than 140 active members who worked together for four years on the topics briefly described below. The formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) is an established hallmark of our aerobic environment and metabolism but RONS also act as messengers via redox regulation of essential cellular processes. The fact that many diseases have been found to be associated with oxidative stress established the theory of oxidative stress as a trigger of diseases that can be corrected by antioxidant therapy. However, while experimental studies support this thesis, clinical studies still generate controversial results, due to complex pathophysiology of oxidative stress in humans. For future improvement of antioxidant therapy and better understanding of redox-associated disease progression detailed knowledge on the sources and targets of RONS formation and discrimination of their detrimental or beneficial roles is required. In order to advance this important area of biology and medicine, highly synergistic approaches combining a variety of diverse and contrasting disciplines are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Egea
- Institute Teofilo Hernando, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine. Univerisdad Autonoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Fabregat
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) and University of Barcelona (UB), L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yves M Frapart
- LCBPT, UMR 8601 CNRS - Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Agnes Görlach
- Experimental and Molecular Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich at the Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Kietzmann
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Kateryna Kubaichuk
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ulla G Knaus
- Conway Institute, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Manuela G Lopez
- Institute Teofilo Hernando, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine. Univerisdad Autonoma de Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Andreas Petry
- Experimental and Molecular Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich at the Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute of Physiology, JLU Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jose Vina
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Paul Winyard
- University of Exeter Medical School, St Luke's Campus, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Kahina Abbas
- LCBPT, UMR 8601 CNRS - Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Opeyemi S Ademowo
- Life & Health Sciences and Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Catarina B Afonso
- School of Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B47ET, UK
| | - Ioanna Andreadou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Haike Antelmann
- Institute for Biology-Microbiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fernando Antunes
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica and Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Portugal
| | - Mutay Aslan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Markus M Bachschmid
- Vascular Biology Section & Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rui M Barbosa
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra and Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Vsevolod Belousov
- Molecular technologies laboratory, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Carsten Berndt
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - David Bernlohr
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, USA
| | - Esther Bertrán
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) and University of Barcelona (UB), L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Serge P Bottari
- GETI, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1029, CNRS UMR 5309, Grenoble-Alpes University and Radio-analysis Laboratory, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Paula M Brito
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Guia Carrara
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ana I Casas
- Department of Pharmacology & Personalized Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Afroditi Chatzi
- Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, UK
| | - Niki Chondrogianni
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., 116 35 Athens, Greece
| | - Marcus Conrad
- Helmholtz Center Munich, Institute of Developmental Genetics, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marcus S Cooke
- Oxidative Stress Group, Dept. Environmental & Occupational Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - João G Costa
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; CBIOS, Universidade Lusófona Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Antonio Cuadrado
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" UAM-CSIC, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pham My-Chan Dang
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Barbara De Smet
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Sciences and CNR Institute of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bilge Debelec-Butuner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir 35100, Turkey
| | - Irundika H K Dias
- Life & Health Sciences and Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Joe Dan Dunn
- Department of Biochemistry, Science II, University of Geneva, 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva-4, Switzerland
| | - Amanda J Edson
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mariam El Assar
- Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Spain
| | - Jamel El-Benna
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical Faculty, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ana S Fernandes
- CBIOS, Universidade Lusófona Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Kari E Fladmark
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ulrich Förstermann
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Rashid Giniatullin
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Zoltán Giricz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical Faculty, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anikó Görbe
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical Faculty, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Helen Griffiths
- Life & Health Sciences and Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Vaclav Hampl
- Department of Physiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alina Hanf
- Molecular Cardiology, Center for Cardiology, Cardiology 1, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jan Herget
- Department of Physiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pablo Hernansanz-Agustín
- Servicio de Immunología, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Madrid, Spain
| | - Melanie Hillion
- Institute for Biology-Microbiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jingjing Huang
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Brussels Center for Redox Biology, Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Serap Ilikay
- Harran University, Arts and Science Faculty, Department of Biology, Cancer Biology Lab, Osmanbey Campus, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Pidder Jansen-Dürr
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Vincent Jaquet
- Dept. of Pathology and Immunology, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jaap A Joles
- Department of Nephrology & Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Mahsa Karbaschi
- Oxidative Stress Group, Dept. Environmental & Occupational Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Marina Kleanthous
- Molecular Genetics Thalassaemia Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Lars-Oliver Klotz
- Institute of Nutrition, Department of Nutrigenomics, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Bato Korac
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic" and Faculty of Biology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Kemal Sami Korkmaz
- Department of Bioengineering, Cancer Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Rafal Koziel
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Damir Kračun
- Experimental and Molecular Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich at the Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Krause
- Dept. of Pathology and Immunology, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Institute of Microbiology, Laboratory of Biotransformation, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Thomas Krieg
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - João Laranjinha
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra and Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Antigone Lazou
- School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Huige Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Antonio Martínez-Ruiz
- Servicio de Immunología, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Reiko Matsui
- Vascular Biology Section & Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gethin J McBean
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stuart P Meredith
- School of Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B47ET, UK
| | - Joris Messens
- Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Brussels Center for Redox Biology, Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Verónica Miguel
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Yuliya Mikhed
- Molecular Cardiology, Center for Cardiology, Cardiology 1, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Irina Milisav
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathophysiology and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lidija Milković
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Antonio Miranda-Vizuete
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Miloš Mojović
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Physical Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - María Monsalve
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pierre-Alexis Mouthuy
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - John Mulvey
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Molecular Cardiology, Center for Cardiology, Cardiology 1, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Vladimir Muzykantov
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Targeted Therapeutics & Translational Nanomedicine, ITMAT/CTSA Translational Research Center University of Pennsylvania The Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Isabel T N Nguyen
- Department of Nephrology & Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Oelze
- Molecular Cardiology, Center for Cardiology, Cardiology 1, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nuno G Oliveira
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carlos M Palmeira
- Center for Neurosciences & Cell Biology of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences of the Faculty of Sciences & Technology of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nikoletta Papaevgeniou
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., 116 35 Athens, Greece
| | - Aleksandra Pavićević
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Physical Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Brandán Pedre
- Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Brussels Center for Redox Biology, Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fabienne Peyrot
- LCBPT, UMR 8601 CNRS - Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; ESPE of Paris, Paris Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Marios Phylactides
- Molecular Genetics Thalassaemia Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Andrew R Pitt
- School of Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B47ET, UK
| | - Henrik E Poulsen
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg Frederiksberg Hospital, University Hospital Copenhagen, Denmark; Department Q7642, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ignacio Prieto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Pia Rigobello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Natalia Robledinos-Antón
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" UAM-CSIC, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas
- Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Spain; Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Spain
| | - Anabela P Rolo
- Center for Neurosciences & Cell Biology of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences of the Faculty of Sciences & Technology of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francis Rousset
- Dept. of Pathology and Immunology, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tatjana Ruskovska
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Goce Delcev University, Stip, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Nuno Saraiva
- CBIOS, Universidade Lusófona Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Shlomo Sasson
- Institute for Drug Research, Section of Pharmacology, Diabetes Research Unit, The Hebrew University Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Katrin Schröder
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Khrystyna Semen
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Tamara Seredenina
- Dept. of Pathology and Immunology, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anastasia Shakirzyanova
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Thierry Soldati
- Department of Biochemistry, Science II, University of Geneva, 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva-4, Switzerland
| | - Bebiana C Sousa
- School of Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B47ET, UK
| | - Corinne M Spickett
- Life & Health Sciences and Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Ana Stancic
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic" and Faculty of Biology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marie José Stasia
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG, F38000 Grenoble, France; CDiReC, Pôle Biologie, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, F-38043, France
| | - Holger Steinbrenner
- Institute of Nutrition, Department of Nutrigenomics, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Višnja Stepanić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sebastian Steven
- Molecular Cardiology, Center for Cardiology, Cardiology 1, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kostas Tokatlidis
- Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, UK
| | - Erkan Tuncay
- Department of Biophysics, Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Belma Turan
- Department of Biophysics, Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fulvio Ursini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Jan Vacek
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hnevotinska 3, Olomouc 77515, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Vajnerova
- Department of Physiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Valentová
- Institute of Microbiology, Laboratory of Biotransformation, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Frank Van Breusegem
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lokman Varisli
- Harran University, Arts and Science Faculty, Department of Biology, Cancer Biology Lab, Osmanbey Campus, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Elizabeth A Veal
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, and Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - A Suha Yalçın
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Neven Žarković
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Martina Zatloukalová
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hnevotinska 3, Olomouc 77515, Czech Republic
| | | | - Rhian M Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Andreas Papapetropoulos
- Laboratoty of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Tilman Grune
- German Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Toxicology, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Santiago Lamas
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Harald H H W Schmidt
- Department of Pharmacology & Personalized Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Fabio Di Lisa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and CNR Institute of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Molecular Cardiology, Center for Cardiology, Cardiology 1, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany.
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Nichols DB, De Martini W, Cottrell J. Poxviruses Utilize Multiple Strategies to Inhibit Apoptosis. Viruses 2017; 9:v9080215. [PMID: 28786952 PMCID: PMC5580472 DOI: 10.3390/v9080215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells have multiple means to induce apoptosis in response to viral infection. Poxviruses must prevent activation of cellular apoptosis to ensure successful replication. These viruses devote a substantial portion of their genome to immune evasion. Many of these immune evasion products expressed during infection antagonize cellular apoptotic pathways. Poxvirus products target multiple points in both the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways, thereby mitigating apoptosis during infection. Interestingly, recent evidence indicates that poxviruses also hijack cellular means of eliminating apoptotic bodies as a means to spread cell to cell through a process called apoptotic mimicry. Poxviruses are the causative agent of many human and veterinary diseases. Further, there is substantial interest in developing these viruses as vectors for a variety of uses including vaccine delivery and as oncolytic viruses to treat certain human cancers. Therefore, an understanding of the molecular mechanisms through which poxviruses regulate the cellular apoptotic pathways remains a top research priority. In this review, we consider anti-apoptotic strategies of poxviruses focusing on three relevant poxvirus genera: Orthopoxvirus, Molluscipoxvirus, and Leporipoxvirus. All three genera express multiple products to inhibit both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways with many of these products required for virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Brian Nichols
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ 07039, USA.
| | - William De Martini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ 07039, USA.
| | - Jessica Cottrell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ 07039, USA.
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20
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Loss of the Human Cytomegalovirus US16 Protein Abrogates Virus Entry into Endothelial and Epithelial Cells by Reducing the Virion Content of the Pentamer. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.00205-17. [PMID: 28331097 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00205-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) US12 gene family encodes a group of predicted seven-transmembrane proteins whose functions have yet to be established. While inactivation of individual US12 members in laboratory strains of HCMV does not affect viral replication in fibroblasts, disruption of the US16 gene in the low-passage-number TR strain prevents viral growth in endothelial and epithelial cells. In these cells, the US16-null viruses fail to express immediate early (IE), early (E), and late (L) viral proteins due to a defect which occurs prior to IE gene expression. Here, we show that this defective phenotype is a direct consequence of deficiencies in the entry of US16-null viruses in these cell types due to an impact on the gH/gL/UL128/UL130/UL131A (pentamer) complex. Indeed, viral particles released from fibroblasts infected with US16-null viruses were defective for the pentamer, thus preventing entry during infections of endothelial and epithelial cells. A link between pUS16 and the pentamer was further supported by the colocalization of pUS16 and pentamer proteins within the cytoplasmic viral assembly compartment (cVAC) of infected fibroblasts. Deletion of the C-terminal tail of pUS16 reproduced the defective growth phenotype and alteration of virion composition as US16-null viruses. However, the pentamer assembly and trafficking to the cVAC were not affected by the lack of the C terminus of pUS16. Coimmunoprecipitation results then indicated that US16 interacts with pUL130 but not with the mature pentamer or gH/gL/gO. Together, these results suggest that pUS16 contributes to the tropism of HCMV by influencing the content of the pentamer into virions.IMPORTANCE Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is major pathogen in newborns and immunocompromised individuals. A hallmark of HCMV pathogenesis is its ability to productively replicate in an exceptionally broad range of target cells. The virus infects a variety of cell types by exploiting different forms of the envelope glycoprotein gH/gL hetero-oligomers, which allow entry into many cell types through different pathways. For example, incorporation of the pentameric gH/gL/UL128/UL130/UL131A complex into virions is a prerequisite for infection of endothelial and epithelial cells. Here, we show that the absence of US16, a thus far uncharacterized HCMV multitransmembrane protein, abrogates virus entry into endothelial and epithelial cells and that this defect is due to the lack of adequate amounts of the pentameric complex in extracellular viral particles. Our study suggests pUS16 as a novel viral regulatory protein important for shaping virion composition in a manner that influences HCMV cell tropism.
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21
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Veyer DL, Carrara G, Maluquer de Motes C, Smith GL. Vaccinia virus evasion of regulated cell death. Immunol Lett 2017; 186:68-80. [PMID: 28366525 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Regulated cell death is a powerful anti-viral mechanism capable of aborting the virus replicative cycle and alerting neighbouring cells to the threat of infection. The biological importance of regulated cell death is illustrated by the rich repertoire of host signalling cascades causing cell death and by the multiple strategies exhibited by viruses to block death signal transduction and preserve cell viability. Vaccinia virus (VACV), a poxvirus and the vaccine used to eradicate smallpox, encodes multiple proteins that interfere with apoptotic, necroptotic and pyroptotic signalling. Here the current knowledge on cell death pathways and how VACV proteins interact with them is reviewed. Studying the mechanisms evolved by VACV to counteract host programmed cell death has implications for its successful use as a vector for vaccination and as an oncolytic agent against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Veyer
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 20 Rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Guia Carrara
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, United Kingdom
| | | | - Geoffrey L Smith
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, United Kingdom.
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22
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M'Angale PG, Staveley BE. Bax-inhibitor-1 knockdown phenotypes are suppressed by Buffy and exacerbate degeneration in a Drosophila model of Parkinson disease. PeerJ 2017; 5:e2974. [PMID: 28243526 PMCID: PMC5322759 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bax inhibitor-1 (BI-1) is an evolutionarily conserved cytoprotective transmembrane protein that acts as a suppressor of Bax-induced apoptosis by regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced cell death. We knocked down BI-1 in the sensitive dopa decarboxylase (Ddc) expressing neurons of Drosophila melanogaster to investigate its neuroprotective functions. We additionally sought to rescue the BI-1-induced phenotypes by co-expression with the pro-survival Buffy and determined the effect of BI-1 knockdown on the neurodegenerative α-synuclein-induced Parkinson disease (PD) model. METHODS We used organismal assays to assess longevity of the flies to determine the effect of the altered expression of BI-1 in the Ddc-Gal4-expressing neurons by employing two RNAi transgenic fly lines. We measured the locomotor ability of these RNAi lines by computing the climbing indices of the climbing ability and compared them to a control line that expresses the lacZ transgene. Finally, we performed biometric analysis of the developing eye, where we counted the number of ommatidia and calculated the area of ommatidial disruption. RESULTS The knockdown of BI-1 in these neurons was achieved under the direction of the Ddc-Gal4 transgene and resulted in shortened lifespan and precocious loss of locomotor ability. The co-expression of Buffy, the Drosophila anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 homologue, with BI-1-RNAi resulted in suppression of the reduced lifespan and impaired climbing ability. Expression of human α-synuclein in Drosophila dopaminergic neurons results in neuronal degeneration, accompanied by the age-dependent loss in climbing ability. We exploited this neurotoxic system to investigate possible BI-1 neuroprotective function. The co-expression of α-synuclein with BI-1-RNAi results in a slight decrease in lifespan coupled with an impairment in climbing ability. In supportive experiments, we employed the neuron-rich Drosophila compound eye to investigate subtle phenotypes that result from altered gene expression. The knockdown of BI-1 in the Drosophila developing eye under the direction of the GMR-Gal4 transgene results in reduced ommatidia number and increased disruption of the ommatidial array. Similarly, the co-expression of BI-1-RNAi with Buffy results in the suppression of the eye phenotypes. The expression of α-synuclein along with the knockdown of BI-1 resulted in reduction of ommatidia number and more disruption of the ommatidial array. CONCLUSION Knockdown of BI-1 in the dopaminergic neurons of Drosophila results in a shortened lifespan and premature loss in climbing ability, phenotypes that appear to be strongly associated with models of PD in Drosophila, and which are suppressed upon overexpression of Buffy and worsened by co-expression with α-synuclein. This suggests that BI-1 is neuroprotective and its knockdown can be counteracted by the overexpression of the pro-survival Bcl-2 homologue.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Githure M'Angale
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland , St. John's, NL , Canada
| | - Brian E Staveley
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland , St. John's, NL , Canada
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Fielding CA, Weekes MP, Nobre LV, Ruckova E, Wilkie GS, Paulo JA, Chang C, Suárez NM, Davies JA, Antrobus R, Stanton RJ, Aicheler RJ, Nichols H, Vojtesek B, Trowsdale J, Davison AJ, Gygi SP, Tomasec P, Lehner PJ, Wilkinson GWG. Control of immune ligands by members of a cytomegalovirus gene expansion suppresses natural killer cell activation. eLife 2017; 6:e22206. [PMID: 28186488 PMCID: PMC5367895 DOI: 10.7554/elife.22206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) US12 family consists of ten sequentially arranged genes (US12-21) with poorly characterized function. We now identify novel natural killer (NK) cell evasion functions for four members: US12, US14, US18 and US20. Using a systematic multiplexed proteomics approach to quantify ~1300 cell surface and ~7200 whole cell proteins, we demonstrate that the US12 family selectively targets plasma membrane proteins and plays key roles in regulating NK ligands, adhesion molecules and cytokine receptors. US18 and US20 work in concert to suppress cell surface expression of the critical NKp30 ligand B7-H6 thus inhibiting NK cell activation. The US12 family is therefore identified as a major new hub of immune regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceri A Fielding
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Michael P Weekes
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Luis V Nobre
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Eva Ruckova
- Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Gavin S Wilkie
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Chiwen Chang
- Immunology Division, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolás M Suárez
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - James A Davies
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Robin Antrobus
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J Stanton
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca J Aicheler
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Hester Nichols
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Borek Vojtesek
- Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - John Trowsdale
- Immunology Division, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Davison
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Peter Tomasec
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Paul J Lehner
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin W G Wilkinson
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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24
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Ho AK, Wagstaff JL, Manna PT, Wartosch L, Qamar S, Garman EF, Freund SMV, Roberts RC. The topology, structure and PE interaction of LITAF underpin a Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1C. BMC Biol 2016; 14:109. [PMID: 27927196 PMCID: PMC5142333 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-016-0332-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mutations in Lipopolysaccharide-induced tumour necrosis factor-α factor (LITAF) cause the autosomal dominant inherited peripheral neuropathy, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1C (CMT1C). LITAF encodes a 17 kDa protein containing an N-terminal proline-rich region followed by an evolutionarily-conserved C-terminal ‘LITAF domain’, which contains all reported CMT1C-associated pathogenic mutations. Results Here, we report the first structural characterisation of LITAF using biochemical, cell biological, biophysical and NMR spectroscopic approaches. Our structural model demonstrates that LITAF is a monotopic zinc-binding membrane protein that embeds into intracellular membranes via a predicted hydrophobic, in-plane, helical anchor located within the LITAF domain. We show that specific residues within the LITAF domain interact with phosphoethanolamine (PE) head groups, and that the introduction of the V144M CMT1C-associated pathogenic mutation leads to protein aggregation in the presence of PE. Conclusions In addition to the structural characterisation of LITAF, these data lead us to propose that an aberrant LITAF-PE interaction on the surface of intracellular membranes contributes to the molecular pathogenesis that underlies this currently incurable disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12915-016-0332-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita K Ho
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Jane L Wagstaff
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Paul T Manna
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Lena Wartosch
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Seema Qamar
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Elspeth F Garman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Stefan M V Freund
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Rhys C Roberts
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.
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25
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Inactivation of the Human Cytomegalovirus US20 Gene Hampers Productive Viral Replication in Endothelial Cells. J Virol 2015; 89:11092-106. [PMID: 26311874 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01141-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) US12 gene family includes a group of 10 contiguous genes (US12 to US21) encoding predicted seven-transmembrane-domain (7TMD) proteins that are nonessential for replication within cultured fibroblasts. Nevertheless, inactivation of some US12 family members affects virus replication in other cell types; e.g., deletion of US16 or US18 abrogates virus growth in endothelial and epithelial cells or in human gingival tissue, respectively, suggesting a role for some US12 proteins in HCMV cell tropism. Here, we provide evidence that another member, US20, impacts the ability of a clinical strain of HCMV to replicate in endothelial cells. Through the use of recombinant HCMV encoding tagged versions of the US20 protein, we investigated the expression pattern, localization, and topology of the US20-encoded protein (pUS20). We show that pUS20 is expressed as a partially glycosylated 7TMD protein which accumulates late in infection in endoplasmic reticulum-derived peripheral structures localized outside the cytoplasmic virus assembly compartment (cVAC). US20-deficient mutants generated in the TR clinical strain of HCMV exhibited major growth defects in different types of endothelial cells, whereas they replicated normally in fibroblasts and epithelial cells. While the attachment and entry phases in endothelial cells were not significantly affected by the absence of US20 protein, US20-null viruses failed to replicate viral DNA and express representative E and L mRNAs and proteins. Taken together, these results indicate that US20 sustains the HCMV replication cycle at a stage subsequent to entry but prior to E gene expression and viral DNA synthesis in endothelial cells. IMPORTANCE Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a major pathogen in newborns and immunocompromised individuals. A hallmark of HCMV pathogenesis is its ability to productively replicate in an exceptionally broad range of target cells, including endothelial cells, which represent a key target for viral dissemination and replication in the host, and to contribute to both viral persistence and associated inflammation and vascular diseases. Replication in endothelial cells depends on the activities of a set of viral proteins that regulate different stages of the HCMV replication cycle in an endothelial cell type-specific manner and thereby act as determinants of viral tropism. Here, we report the requirement of a HCMV protein as a postentry tropism factor in endothelial cells. The identification and characterization of HCMV endotheliotropism-regulating proteins will advance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of HCMV-related pathogenesis and help lead to the design of new antiviral strategies able to exploit these functions.
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26
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Lisak DA, Schacht T, Enders V, Habicht J, Kiviluoto S, Schneider J, Henke N, Bultynck G, Methner A. The transmembrane Bax inhibitor motif (TMBIM) containing protein family: Tissue expression, intracellular localization and effects on the ER CA²⁺-filling state. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1853:2104-14. [PMID: 25764978 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Bax inhibitor-1 (BI-1) is an evolutionarily conserved pH-dependent Ca²⁺ leak channel in the endoplasmic reticulum and the founding member of a family of six highly hydrophobic mammalian proteins named transmembrane BAX inhibitor motif containing (TMBIM) 1-6 with BI-1 being TMBIM6. Here we compared the structure, subcellular localization, tissue expression and the effect on the cellular Ca²⁺ homeostasis of all family members side by side. We found that all TMBIM proteins possess the di-aspartyl pH sensor responsible for pH sensing identified in TMBIM6 and its bacterial homologue BsYetJ. TMBIM1-3 and TMBIM4-6 represent two phylogenetically distinct groups that are localized in the Golgi apparatus (TMBIM1-3), endoplasmic reticulum (TMBIM4-6) or mitochondria (TMBIM5) but share a common structure of at least seven transmembrane domains with the last domain being semi-hydrophobic. TMBIM1 is mainly expressed in muscle, TMBIM2 and 3 in the nervous system, TMBIM4 and 5 are ubiquitously expressed and TMBIM6 in skeletal muscle, kidney, liver and spleen. All TMBIM proteins reduce the Ca²⁺ content of the endoplasmic reticulum, and all but TMBIM5 also reduce the cytosolic resting Ca²⁺ concentration. These results suggest that the TMBIM family has comparable functions in the maintenance of intracellular Ca²⁺ homeostasis in a wide variety of tissues. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: 13th European Symposium on Calcium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrij A Lisak
- Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn(2)), Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, Mainz D-55131, Germany
| | - Teresa Schacht
- Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn(2)), Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, Mainz D-55131, Germany
| | - Vitalij Enders
- Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn(2)), Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, Mainz D-55131, Germany
| | - Jörn Habicht
- Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn(2)), Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, Mainz D-55131, Germany
| | - Santeri Kiviluoto
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-I bus 802, Herestraat 49, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium
| | - Julia Schneider
- Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn(2)), Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, Mainz D-55131, Germany
| | - Nadine Henke
- Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn(2)), Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, Mainz D-55131, Germany
| | - Geert Bultynck
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-I bus 802, Herestraat 49, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium
| | - Axel Methner
- Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn(2)), Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, Mainz D-55131, Germany.
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27
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Carrara G, Saraiva N, Parsons M, Byrne B, Prole DL, Taylor CW, Smith GL. Golgi anti-apoptotic proteins are highly conserved ion channels that affect apoptosis and cell migration. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:11785-801. [PMID: 25713081 PMCID: PMC4416878 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.637306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Golgi anti-apoptotic proteins (GAAPs) are multitransmembrane proteins that are expressed in the Golgi apparatus and are able to homo-oligomerize. They are highly conserved throughout eukaryotes and are present in some prokaryotes and orthopoxviruses. Within eukaryotes, GAAPs regulate the Ca2+ content of intracellular stores, inhibit apoptosis, and promote cell adhesion and migration. Data presented here demonstrate that purified viral GAAPs (vGAAPs) and human Bax inhibitor 1 form ion channels and that vGAAP from camelpox virus is selective for cations. Mutagenesis of vGAAP, including some residues conserved in the recently solved structure of a related bacterial protein, BsYetJ, altered the conductance (E207Q and D219N) and ion selectivity (E207Q) of the channel. Mutation of residue Glu-207 or -178 reduced the effects of GAAP on cell migration and adhesion without affecting protection from apoptosis. In contrast, mutation of Asp-219 abrogated the anti-apoptotic activity of GAAP but not its effects on cell migration and adhesion. These results demonstrate that GAAPs are ion channels and define residues that contribute to the ion-conducting pore and affect apoptosis, cell adhesion, and migration independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guia Carrara
- From the Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, United Kingdom
| | - Nuno Saraiva
- From the Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, United Kingdom
| | - Maddy Parsons
- the Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Bernadette Byrne
- the Division of Molecular Biosciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom, and
| | - David L Prole
- the Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PD, United Kingdom,
| | - Colin W Taylor
- the Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PD, United Kingdom,
| | - Geoffrey L Smith
- From the Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, United Kingdom,
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28
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Xue GP, Drenth J, McIntyre CL. TaHsfA6f is a transcriptional activator that regulates a suite of heat stress protection genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) including previously unknown Hsf targets. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:1025-39. [PMID: 25428996 PMCID: PMC4321556 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress is a significant environmental factor adversely affecting crop yield. Crop adaptation to high-temperature environments requires transcriptional reprogramming of a suite of genes involved in heat stress protection. This study investigated the role of TaHsfA6f, a member of the A6 subclass of heat shock transcription factors, in the regulation of heat stress protection genes in Triticum aestivum (bread wheat), a poorly understood phenomenon in this crop species. Expression analysis showed that TaHsfA6f was expressed constitutively in green organs but was markedly up-regulated during heat stress. Overexpression of TaHsfA6f in transgenic wheat using a drought-inducible promoter resulted in up-regulation of heat shock proteins (HSPs) and a number of other heat stress protection genes that included some previously unknown Hsf target genes such as Golgi anti-apoptotic protein (GAAP) and the large isoform of Rubisco activase. Transgenic wheat plants overexpressing TaHsfA6f showed improved thermotolerance. Transactivation assays showed that TaHsfA6f activated the expression of reporter genes driven by the promoters of several HSP genes (TaHSP16.8, TaHSP17, TaHSP17.3, and TaHSP90.1-A1) as well as TaGAAP and TaRof1 (a co-chaperone) under non-stress conditions. DNA binding analysis revealed the presence of high-affinity TaHsfA6f-binding heat shock element-like motifs in the promoters of these six genes. Promoter truncation and mutagenesis analyses identified TaHsfA6f-binding elements that were responsible for transactivation of TaHSP90.1-A1 and TaGAAP by TaHsfA6f. These data suggest that TaHsfA6f is a transcriptional activator that directly regulates TaHSP, TaGAAP, and TaRof1 genes in wheat and its gene regulatory network has a positive impact on thermotolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang-Ping Xue
- CSIRO Plant Industry, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia
| | - Janneke Drenth
- CSIRO Plant Industry, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia
| | - C Lynne McIntyre
- CSIRO Plant Industry, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia
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29
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Veyer DL, Maluquer de Motes C, Sumner RP, Ludwig L, Johnson BF, Smith GL. Analysis of the anti-apoptotic activity of four vaccinia virus proteins demonstrates that B13 is the most potent inhibitor in isolation and during viral infection. J Gen Virol 2014; 95:2757-2768. [PMID: 25090990 PMCID: PMC4233632 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.068833-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccinia virus (VACV) is a large dsDNA virus encoding ~200 proteins, several of which inhibit apoptosis. Here, a comparative study of anti-apoptotic proteins N1, F1, B13 and Golgi anti-apoptotic protein (GAAP) in isolation and during viral infection is presented. VACVs strains engineered to lack each gene separately still blocked apoptosis to some degree because of functional redundancy provided by the other anti-apoptotic proteins. To overcome this redundancy, we inserted each gene separately into a VACV strain (vv811) that lacked all these anti-apoptotic proteins and that induced apoptosis efficiently during infection. Each protein was also expressed in cells using lentivirus vectors. In isolation, each VACV protein showed anti-apoptotic activity in response to specific stimuli, as measured by immunoblotting for cleaved poly(ADP ribose) polymerase-1 and caspase-3 activation. Of the proteins tested, B13 was the most potent inhibitor, blocking both intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli, whilst the activity of the other proteins was largely restricted to inhibition of intrinsic stimuli. In addition, B13 and F1 were effective blockers of apoptosis induced by vv811 infection. Finally, whilst differences in induction of apoptosis were barely detectable during infection with VACV strain Western Reserve compared with derivative viruses lacking individual anti-apoptotic genes, several of these proteins reduced activation of caspase-3 during infection by vv811 strains expressing these proteins. These results illustrated that vv811 was a useful tool to determine the role of VACV proteins during infection and that whilst all of these proteins have some anti-apoptotic activity, B13 was the most potent.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Veyer
- Virology Laboratory, Pontchaillou University Hospital, Rennes 35033, France.,Equipe Microbiologie, EA 1254, SFR BIOSIT, Université Européenne de Bretagne, Rennes, France.,Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Carlos Maluquer de Motes
- Department of Virology, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK.,Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Rebecca P Sumner
- Department of Virology, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK.,Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Louisa Ludwig
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | | | - Geoffrey L Smith
- Department of Virology, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK.,Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
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30
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Chang Y, Bruni R, Kloss B, Assur Z, Kloppmann E, Rost B, Hendrickson WA, Liu Q. Structural basis for a pH-sensitive calcium leak across membranes. Science 2014; 344:1131-5. [PMID: 24904158 DOI: 10.1126/science.1252043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Calcium homeostasis balances passive calcium leak and active calcium uptake. Human Bax inhibitor-1 (hBI-1) is an antiapoptotic protein that mediates a calcium leak and is representative of a highly conserved and widely distributed family, the transmembrane Bax inhibitor motif (TMBIM) proteins. Here, we present crystal structures of a bacterial homolog and characterize its calcium leak activity. The structure has a seven-transmembrane-helix fold that features two triple-helix sandwiches wrapped around a central C-terminal helix. Structures obtained in closed and open conformations are reversibly interconvertible by change of pH. A hydrogen-bonded, pKa (where Ka is the acid dissociation constant)-perturbed pair of conserved aspartate residues explains the pH dependence of this transition, and biochemical studies show that pH regulates calcium influx in proteoliposomes. Homology models for hBI-1 provide insights into TMBIM-mediated calcium leak and cytoprotective activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqi Chang
- New York Consortium on Membrane Protein Structure, New York Structural Biology Center, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Renato Bruni
- New York Consortium on Membrane Protein Structure, New York Structural Biology Center, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Brian Kloss
- New York Consortium on Membrane Protein Structure, New York Structural Biology Center, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Zahra Assur
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Edda Kloppmann
- New York Consortium on Membrane Protein Structure, New York Structural Biology Center, New York, NY 10027, USA. Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Fakultät für Informatik, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Burkhard Rost
- New York Consortium on Membrane Protein Structure, New York Structural Biology Center, New York, NY 10027, USA. Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Fakultät für Informatik, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Wayne A Hendrickson
- New York Consortium on Membrane Protein Structure, New York Structural Biology Center, New York, NY 10027, USA. Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA. New York Structural Biology Center, National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) X4, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Qun Liu
- New York Consortium on Membrane Protein Structure, New York Structural Biology Center, New York, NY 10027, USA. New York Structural Biology Center, National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) X4, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA.
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31
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Ivanova H, Vervliet T, Missiaen L, Parys JB, De Smedt H, Bultynck G. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor-isoform diversity in cell death and survival. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:2164-83. [PMID: 24642269 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cell-death and -survival decisions are critically controlled by intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis and dynamics at the level of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptors (IP3Rs) play a pivotal role in these processes by mediating Ca(2+) flux from the ER into the cytosol and mitochondria. Hence, it is clear that many pro-survival and pro-death signaling pathways and proteins affect Ca(2+) signaling by directly targeting IP3R channels, which can happen in an IP3R-isoform-dependent manner. In this review, we will focus on how the different IP3R isoforms (IP3R1, IP3R2 and IP3R3) control cell death and survival. First, we will present an overview of the isoform-specific regulation of IP3Rs by cellular factors like IP3, Ca(2+), Ca(2+)-binding proteins, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), thiol modification, phosphorylation and interacting proteins, and of IP3R-isoform specific expression patterns. Second, we will discuss the role of the ER as a Ca(2+) store in cell death and survival and how IP3Rs and pro-survival/pro-death proteins can modulate the basal ER Ca(2+) leak. Third, we will review the regulation of the Ca(2+)-flux properties of the IP3R isoforms by the ER-resident and by the cytoplasmic proteins involved in cell death and survival as well as by redox regulation. Hence, we aim to highlight the specific roles of the various IP3R isoforms in cell-death and -survival signaling. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Calcium signaling in health and disease. Guest Editors: Geert Bultynck, Jacques Haiech, Claus W. Heizmann, Joachim Krebs, and Marc Moreau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hristina Ivanova
- KU Leuven Lab. of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N I Box 802, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tim Vervliet
- KU Leuven Lab. of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N I Box 802, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ludwig Missiaen
- KU Leuven Lab. of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N I Box 802, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan B Parys
- KU Leuven Lab. of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N I Box 802, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Humbert De Smedt
- KU Leuven Lab. of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N I Box 802, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Geert Bultynck
- KU Leuven Lab. of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N I Box 802, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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32
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Mariotti M, Smith TF, Sudmant PH, Goldberger G. Pseudogenization of testis-specific Lfg5 predates human/Neanderthal divergence. J Hum Genet 2014; 59:288-91. [PMID: 24599118 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2014.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent reviews discussed the critical roles of apoptosis in human spermatogenesis and infertility. These reviews highlight the FasL-induced caspase cascade in apoptosis lending importance to our discovery of the pseudogene status of the Lfg5 gene in modern humans, Neanderthal and the Denisovan. This gene is a member of the ancient and highly conserved apoptosis Lifeguard family. This pseudogenization is the result of a premature stop codon at the 3'-end of exon 8 not found in any other ortholog. With the current exception of the domesticated bovine and buffalo, Lfg5's expression in mammals is testis-specific. A full analysis of this gene, its phylogenetic context and its recent hominin changes suggest its inactivation was likely under selection in human evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Temple F Smith
- Department of BioMedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter H Sudmant
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gabriel Goldberger
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, BSHC, Boston, MA, USA
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33
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TMBIM protein family: ancestral regulators of cell death. Oncogene 2014; 34:269-80. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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34
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B L, R.K Y, G.S J, H.-R K, H.-J C. The characteristics of Bax inhibitor-1 and its related diseases. Curr Mol Med 2014; 14:603-15. [PMID: 24894176 PMCID: PMC4083451 DOI: 10.2174/1566524014666140603101113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bax inhibitor-1 (BI-1) is an evolutionarily-conserved endoplasmic reticulum protein. The expression of BI-1 in mammalian cells suppresses apoptosis induced by Bax, a pro-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family. BI-1 has been shown to be associated with calcium (Ca(2+)) levels, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, cytosolic acidification, and autophagy as well as endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling pathways. According to both in vitro and clinical studies, BI-1 promotes the characteristics of cancers. In other diseases, BI-1 has also been shown to regulate insulin resistance, adipocyte differentiation, hepatic dysfunction and depression. However, the roles of BI-1 in these disease conditions are not fully consistent among studies. Until now, the molecular mechanisms of BI-1 have not directly explained with regard to how these conditions can be regulated. Therefore, this review investigates the physiological role of BI-1 through molecular mechanism studies and its application in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li B
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-181, Republic of Korea
| | - Yadav R.K
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-181, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong G.S
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-181, Republic of Korea
| | - Kim H.-R
- Department of Dental Pharmacology and Wonkwang Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae H.-J
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-181, Republic of Korea
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35
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Weis C, Pfeilmeier S, Glawischnig E, Isono E, Pachl F, Hahne H, Kuster B, Eichmann R, Hückelhoven R. Co-immunoprecipitation-based identification of putative BAX INHIBITOR-1-interacting proteins involved in cell death regulation and plant-powdery mildew interactions. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2013; 14:791-802. [PMID: 23782494 PMCID: PMC6638788 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident BAX INHIBITOR-1 (BI-1) protein is one of a few cell death suppressors known to be conserved in animals and plants. The function of BI-1 proteins in response to various biotic and abiotic stress factors is well established. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms. We conducted co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) experiments to identify Arabidopsis thaliana BI-1-interacting proteins to obtain a potentially better understanding of how BI-1 functions during plant-pathogen interactions and as a suppressor of cell death. Liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) identified 95 proteins co-immunoprecipitated with green fluorescing protein (GFP)-tagged BI-1. Five selected candidate proteins, a RIBOPHORIN II (RPN2) family protein, VACUOLAR ATP SYNTHASE SUBUNIT A (VHA-A), cytochrome P450 83A1 (CYP83A1), H(+) -ATPASE 1 (AHA1) and PROHIBITIN 2 (PHB2), were further investigated with regard to their role in BI-1-associated processes. To this end, we analysed a set of Arabidopsis mutants in the interaction with the adapted powdery mildew fungus Erysiphe cruciferarum and on cell death-inducing treatments. Two independent rpn2 knock-down mutants tended to better support powdery mildew, and a phb2 mutant showed altered responses to cell death-inducing Alternaria alternata f.sp. lycopersici (AAL) toxin treatment. Two independent cyp83a1 mutants showed a strong powdery mildew resistance phenotype and enhanced sensitivity to AAL toxin. Moreover, co-localization studies and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) experiments suggested a direct interaction of BI-1 with CYP83A1 at the ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Weis
- Lehrstuhl für Phytopathologie, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany
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36
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Smith GL, Benfield CTO, Maluquer de Motes C, Mazzon M, Ember SWJ, Ferguson BJ, Sumner RP. Vaccinia virus immune evasion: mechanisms, virulence and immunogenicity. J Gen Virol 2013; 94:2367-2392. [PMID: 23999164 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.055921-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus infection of mammalian cells is sensed by pattern recognition receptors and leads to an innate immune response that restricts virus replication and induces adaptive immunity. In response, viruses have evolved many countermeasures that enable them to replicate and be transmitted to new hosts, despite the host innate immune response. Poxviruses, such as vaccinia virus (VACV), have large DNA genomes and encode many proteins that are dedicated to host immune evasion. Some of these proteins are secreted from the infected cell, where they bind and neutralize complement factors, interferons, cytokines and chemokines. Other VACV proteins function inside cells to inhibit apoptosis or signalling pathways that lead to the production of interferons and pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. In this review, these VACV immunomodulatory proteins are described and the potential to create more immunogenic VACV strains by manipulation of the gene encoding these proteins is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey L Smith
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Camilla T O Benfield
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | | | - Michela Mazzon
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Stuart W J Ember
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Brian J Ferguson
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Rebecca P Sumner
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
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37
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Weis C, Hückelhoven R, Eichmann R. LIFEGUARD proteins support plant colonization by biotrophic powdery mildew fungi. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2013; 64:3855-67. [PMID: 23888068 PMCID: PMC3745739 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic microbes manipulate eukaryotic cells during invasion and target plant proteins to achieve host susceptibility. BAX INHIBITOR-1 (BI-1) is an endoplasmic reticulum-resident cell death suppressor in plants and animals and is required for full susceptibility of barley to the barley powdery mildew fungus Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei. LIFEGUARD (LFG) proteins resemble BI-1 proteins in terms of predicted membrane topology and cell-death-inhibiting function in metazoans, but display clear sequence-specific distinctions. This work shows that barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and Arabidopsis thaliana genomes harbour five LFG genes, HvLFGa-HvLFGe and AtLFG1-AtLFG5, whose functions are largely uncharacterized. As observed for HvBI-1, single-cell overexpression of HvLFGa supports penetration success of B. graminis f.sp. hordei into barley epidermal cells, while transient-induced gene silencing restricts it. In penetrated barley epidermal cells, a green fluorescent protein-tagged HvLFGa protein accumulates at the site of fungal entry, around fungal haustoria and in endosomal or vacuolar membranes. The data further suggest a role of LFG proteins in plant-powdery mildew interactions in both monocot and dicot plants, because stable overexpression or knockdown of AtLFG1 or AtLFG2 also support or delay development of the powdery mildew fungus Erysiphe cruciferarum on the respective Arabidopsis mutants. Together, this work has identified new modulators of plant-powdery mildew interactions, and the data further support functional similarities between BI-1 and LFG proteins beyond cell death regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ruth Eichmann
- * Present address: School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Campus, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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38
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Urra H, Dufey E, Lisbona F, Rojas-Rivera D, Hetz C. When ER stress reaches a dead end. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1833:3507-3517. [PMID: 23988738 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a common feature of several physiological and pathological conditions affecting the function of the secretory pathway. To restore ER homeostasis, an orchestrated signaling pathway is engaged that is known as the unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR has a primary function in stress adaptation and cell survival; however, under irreversible ER stress a switch to pro-apoptotic signaling events induces apoptosis of damaged cells. The mechanisms that initiate ER stress-dependent apoptosis are not fully understood. Several pathways have been described where we highlight the participation of the BCL-2 family of proteins and ER calcium release. In addition, recent findings also suggest that microRNAs and oxidative stress are relevant players on the transition from adaptive to cell death programs. Here we provide a global and integrated overview of the signaling networks that may determine the elimination of a cell under chronic ER stress. This article is part of a Special Section entitled: Cell Death Pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hery Urra
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Santiago, Chile; Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Estefanie Dufey
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Santiago, Chile; Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernanda Lisbona
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Santiago, Chile; Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Rojas-Rivera
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Santiago, Chile; Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Hetz
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Santiago, Chile; Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Neurounion Biomedical Foundation, Santiago, Chile.
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39
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Saraiva N, Prole DL, Carrara G, Johnson BF, Taylor CW, Parsons M, Smith GL. hGAAP promotes cell adhesion and migration via the stimulation of store-operated Ca2+ entry and calpain 2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 202:699-713. [PMID: 23940116 PMCID: PMC3747308 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201301016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Golgi antiapoptotic proteins (GAAPs) are highly conserved Golgi membrane proteins that inhibit apoptosis and promote Ca(2+) release from intracellular stores. Given the role of Ca(2+) in controlling cell adhesion and motility, we hypothesized that human GAAP (hGAAP) might influence these events. In this paper, we present evidence that hGAAP increased cell adhesion, spreading, and migration in a manner that depended on the C-terminal domain of hGAAP. We show that hGAAP increased store-operated Ca(2+) entry and thereby the activity of calpain at newly forming protrusions. These hGAAP-dependent effects regulated focal adhesion dynamics and cell migration. Indeed, inhibition or knockdown of calpain 2 abrogated the effects of hGAAP on cell spreading and migration. Our data reveal that hGAAP is a novel regulator of focal adhesion dynamics, cell adhesion, and migration by controlling localized Ca(2+)-dependent activation of calpain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Saraiva
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, England, UK
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40
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Kiviluoto S, Luyten T, Schneider L, Lisak D, Rojas-Rivera D, Welkenhuyzen K, Missaen L, De Smedt H, Parys JB, Hetz C, Methner A, Bultynck G. Bax Inhibitor-1-mediated Ca2+ leak is decreased by cytosolic acidosis. Cell Calcium 2013; 54:186-92. [PMID: 23867001 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Bax Inhibitor-1 (BI-1) is an evolutionarily conserved six-transmembrane domain endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized protein that protects against ER stress-induced apoptotic cell death. This function is closely connected to its ability to lower steady-state ER Ca2+ levels. Recently, we elucidated BI-1's Ca(2+)-channel pore in the C-terminal part of the protein and identified the critical amino acids of its pore. Based on these insights, a Ca(2+)-channel pore-dead mutant BI-1 (BI-1(D213R)) was developed. We determined whether BI-1 behaves as a bona fide H+/Ca2+ antiporter or as an ER Ca(2+)-leak channel by investigating the effect of pH on unidirectional Ca(2+)-efflux rates. At pH 6.8, wild-type BI-1 expression in BI-1(-/-) cells increased the ER Ca(2+)-leak rate, correlating with its localization in the ER compartment. In contrast, BI-1(D231R) expression in BI-1(-/-), despite its ER localization, did not increase the ER Ca(2+)-leak rate. However, at pH < 6.8, the BI-1-mediated ER Ca2+ leak was blocked. Finally, a peptide representing the Ca(2+)-channel pore of BI-1 promoting Ca2+ flux from the ER was used. Lowering the pH from 6.8 to 6.0 completely abolished the ability of the BI-1 peptide to mediate Ca2+ flux from the ER. We propose that this pH dependence is due to two aspartic acid residues critical for the function of the Ca(2+)-channel pore and located in the ER membrane-dipping domain, which facilitates the protonation of these residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santeri Kiviluoto
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-I, Herestraat 49--box 802, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Saraiva N, Prole DL, Carrara G, Maluquer de Motes C, Johnson BF, Byrne B, Taylor CW, Smith GL. Human and viral Golgi anti-apoptotic proteins (GAAPs) oligomerize via different mechanisms and monomeric GAAP inhibits apoptosis and modulates calcium. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:13057-67. [PMID: 23508950 PMCID: PMC3642348 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.414367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Golgi anti-apoptotic proteins (GAAPs) are hydrophobic proteins resident in membranes of the Golgi complex. They protect cells from a range of apoptotic stimuli, reduce the Ca2+ content of intracellular stores, and regulate Ca2+ fluxes. GAAP was discovered in camelpox virus, but it is highly conserved throughout evolution and encoded by all eukaryote genomes examined. GAAPs are part of the transmembrane Bax inhibitor-containing motif (TMBIM) family that also includes other anti-apoptotic and Ca2+-modulating membrane proteins. Most TMBIM members show multiple bands when analyzed by SDS-PAGE, suggesting that they may be oligomeric. However, the molecular mechanisms of oligomerization, the native state of GAAPs in living cells and the functional significance of oligomerization have not been addressed. TMBIM members are thought to have evolved from an ancestral GAAP. Two different GAAPs, human (h) and viral (v)GAAP were therefore selected as models to examine oligomerization of TMBIM family members. We show that both hGAAP and vGAAP in their native states form oligomers and that oligomerization is pH-dependent. Surprisingly, hGAAP and vGAAP do not share the same oligomerization mechanism. Oligomerization of hGAAP is independent of cysteines, but oligomerization of vGAAP depends on cysteines 9 and 60. A mutant vGAAP that is unable to oligomerize revealed that monomeric vGAAP retains both its anti-apoptotic function and its effect on intracellular Ca2+ stores. In conclusion, GAAP can oligomerize in a pH-regulated manner, and monomeric GAAP is functional.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Saraiva
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, United Kingdom
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