1
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Morimoto K, Ishitobi J, Noguchi K, Kira R, Kitayama Y, Goto Y, Fujiwara D, Michigami M, Harada A, Takatani-Nakase T, Fujii I, Futaki S, Kanada M, Nakase I. Extracellular Microvesicles Modified with Arginine-Rich Peptides for Active Macropinocytosis Induction and Delivery of Therapeutic Molecules. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:17069-17079. [PMID: 38563247 PMCID: PMC11011658 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles (MVs), transfer bioactive molecules from donor to recipient cells in various pathophysiological settings, thereby mediating intercellular communication. Despite their significant roles in extracellular signaling, the cellular uptake mechanisms of different EV subpopulations remain unknown. In particular, plasma membrane-derived MVs are larger vesicles (100 nm to 1 μm in diameter) and may serve as efficient molecular delivery systems due to their large capacity; however, because of size limitations, receptor-mediated endocytosis is considered an inefficient means for cellular MV uptake. This study demonstrated that macropinocytosis (lamellipodia formation and plasma membrane ruffling, causing the engulfment of large fluid volumes outside cells) can enhance cellular MV uptake. We developed experimental techniques to induce macropinocytosis-mediated MV uptake by modifying MV membranes with arginine-rich cell-penetrating peptides for the intracellular delivery of therapeutic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Morimoto
- Department
of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8531, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jojiro Ishitobi
- Department
of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8531, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kosuke Noguchi
- Department
of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8531, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Kira
- Department
of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8531, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukiya Kitayama
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of
Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho,
Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8531, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuto Goto
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of
Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho,
Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8531, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Fujiwara
- Department
of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8531, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masataka Michigami
- Department
of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8531, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Harada
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of
Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho,
Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8531, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoka Takatani-Nakase
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women’s University, 11-68, Koshien Kyuban-cho, Nishinomiya 663-8179, Hyogo, Japan
- Institute
for Bioscience, Mukogawa Women’s University, 11-68, Koshien Kyuban-cho, Nishinomiya 663-8179, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Ikuo Fujii
- Department
of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8531, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shiroh Futaki
- Institute
for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Kanada
- Institute
for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), Michigan State
University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Ikuhiko Nakase
- Department
of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8531, Osaka, Japan
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2
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Lu RXZ, Rafatian N, Zhao Y, Wagner KT, Beroncal EL, Li B, Lee C, Chen J, Churcher E, Vosoughi D, Liu C, Wang Y, Baker A, Trahtemberg U, Li B, Pierro A, Andreazza AC, dos Santos CC, Radisic M. Cardiac tissue model of immune-induced dysfunction reveals the role of free mitochondrial DNA and the therapeutic effects of exosomes. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk0164. [PMID: 38536913 PMCID: PMC10971762 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Despite tremendous progress in the development of mature heart-on-a-chip models, human cell-based models of myocardial inflammation are lacking. Here, we bioengineered a vascularized heart-on-a-chip with circulating immune cells to model severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-induced acute myocarditis. We observed hallmarks of coronavirus disease (COVID-19)-induced myocardial inflammation, as the presence of immune cells augmented the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, triggered progressive impairment of contractile function, and altered intracellular calcium transients. An elevation of circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA (ccf-mtDNA) was measured first in the heart-on-a-chip and then validated in COVID-19 patients with low left ventricular ejection fraction, demonstrating that mitochondrial damage is an important pathophysiological hallmark of inflammation-induced cardiac dysfunction. Leveraging this platform in the context of SARS-CoV-2-induced myocardial inflammation, we established that administration of endothelial cell-derived exosomes effectively rescued the contractile deficit, normalized calcium handling, elevated the contraction force, and reduced the ccf-mtDNA and cytokine release via Toll-like receptor-nuclear factor κB signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick Xing Ze Lu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
- Mitochondrial Innovation Initiative, MITO2i, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Naimeh Rafatian
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Yimu Zhao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Karl T. Wagner
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Erika L. Beroncal
- Mitochondrial Innovation Initiative, MITO2i, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Bo Li
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Carol Lee
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Jingan Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Eryn Churcher
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Daniel Vosoughi
- Latner Thoracic Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Chuan Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Andrew Baker
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Uriel Trahtemberg
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
- Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Bowen Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Agostino Pierro
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada
| | - Ana C. Andreazza
- Mitochondrial Innovation Initiative, MITO2i, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Claudia C. dos Santos
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Milica Radisic
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
- Mitochondrial Innovation Initiative, MITO2i, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3D5, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1
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3
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D’Avila H, Lima CNR, Rampinelli PG, Mateus LCO, de Sousa Silva RV, Correa JR, de Almeida PE. Lipid Metabolism Modulation during SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Spotlight on Extracellular Vesicles and Therapeutic Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:640. [PMID: 38203811 PMCID: PMC10778989 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have a significant impact on the pathophysiological processes associated with various diseases such as tumors, inflammation, and infection. They exhibit molecular, biochemical, and entry control characteristics similar to viral infections. Viruses, on the other hand, depend on host metabolic machineries to fulfill their biosynthetic requirements. Due to potential advantages such as biocompatibility, biodegradation, and efficient immune activation, EVs have emerged as potential therapeutic targets against the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Studies on COVID-19 patients have shown that they frequently have dysregulated lipid profiles, which are associated with an increased risk of severe repercussions. Lipid droplets (LDs) serve as organelles with significant roles in lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis as well as having a wide range of functions in infections. The down-modulation of lipids, such as sphingolipid ceramide and eicosanoids, or of the transcriptional factors involved in lipogenesis seem to inhibit the viral multiplication, suggesting their involvement in the virus replication and pathogenesis as well as highlighting their potential as targets for drug development. Hence, this review focuses on the role of modulation of lipid metabolism and EVs in the mechanism of immune system evasion during SARS-CoV-2 infection and explores the therapeutic potential of EVs as well as application for delivering therapeutic substances to mitigate viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heloisa D’Avila
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil; (H.D.); (P.G.R.); (L.C.O.M.); (R.V.d.S.S.)
| | | | - Pollianne Garbero Rampinelli
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil; (H.D.); (P.G.R.); (L.C.O.M.); (R.V.d.S.S.)
| | - Laiza Camila Oliveira Mateus
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil; (H.D.); (P.G.R.); (L.C.O.M.); (R.V.d.S.S.)
| | - Renata Vieira de Sousa Silva
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil; (H.D.); (P.G.R.); (L.C.O.M.); (R.V.d.S.S.)
| | - José Raimundo Correa
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil;
| | - Patrícia Elaine de Almeida
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil; (H.D.); (P.G.R.); (L.C.O.M.); (R.V.d.S.S.)
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4
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Grange C, Dalmasso A, Cortez JJ, Spokeviciute B, Bussolati B. Exploring the role of urinary extracellular vesicles in kidney physiology, aging, and disease progression. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C1439-C1450. [PMID: 37842748 PMCID: PMC10861146 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00349.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), membranous vesicles present in all body fluids, are considered important messengers, carrying their information over long distance and modulating the gene expression profile of recipient cells. EVs collected in urine (uEVs) are mainly originated from the apical part of urogenital tract, following the urine flow. Moreover, bacterial-derived EVs are present within urine and may reflect the composition of microbiota. Consolidated evidence has established the involvement of uEVs in renal physiology, being responsible for glomerular and tubular cross talk and among different tubular segments. uEVs may also be involved in other physiological functions such as modulation of innate immunity, coagulation, or metabolic activities. Furthermore, it has been recently remonstrated that age, sex, endurance excise, and lifestyle may influence uEV composition and release, modifying their cargo. On the other hand, uEVs appear modulators of different urogenital pathological conditions, triggering disease progression. uEVs sustain fibrosis and inflammation processes, both involved in acute and chronic kidney diseases, aging, and stone formation. The molecular signature of uEVs collected from diseased patients can be of interest for understanding kidney physiopathology and for identifying diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Grange
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessia Dalmasso
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Judiel John Cortez
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Beatrice Spokeviciute
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Benedetta Bussolati
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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5
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Chen L, Gu YJ, Zhang XG, Cheng L, Zhou MY, Yang Y, Wang Y. Macrophage microvesicle-derived circ_YTHDF2 in methamphetamine-induced chronic lung injury. J Physiol 2023; 601:5107-5128. [PMID: 37078283 DOI: 10.1113/jp284086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term abuse of methamphetamine (MA) can cause lung toxicity. Intercellular communication between macrophages and alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) is critical for maintaining lung homeostasis. Microvesicles (MVs) are an important medium of intercellular communication. However, the mechanism of macrophage MVs (MMVs) in MA-induced chronic lung injury remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate if MA can augment the activity of MMVs and if circ_YTHDF2 is a key factor in MMV-mediated macrophage-AEC communication, and to explore the mechanism of MMV-derived circ_YTHDF2 in MA-induced chronic lung injury. MA elevated peak velocity of the pulmonary artery and pulmonary artery accelerate time, reduced the number of alveolar sacs, thickened the alveolar septum, and accelerated the release of MMVs and the uptake of MMVs by AECs. Circ_YTHDF2 was downregulated in lung and MMVs induced by MA. The immune factors in MMVs were increased by si-circ_YTHDF. Circ_YTHDF2 knockdown in MMVs induced inflammation and remodelling in the internalised AECs by MMVs, which was reversed by circ_YTHDF2 overexpression in MMVs. Circ_YTHDF2 bound specifically to and sponged miRNA-145-5p. Runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) was identified as potential target of miR-145-5p. RUNX3 targeted zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1)-related inflammation and EMT of AECs. In vivo, circ_YTHDF2 overexpression-MMVs attenuated MA-induced lung inflammation and remodelling by the circ_YTHDF2-miRNA-145-5p-RUNX3 axis. Therefore, MA abuse can induce pulmonary dysfunction and alveolus injury. The immunoactivity of MMVs is regulated by circ_YTHDF2. Circ_YTHDF2 in MMVs is the key to communication between macrophages and AECs. Circ_YTHDF2 sponges miR-145-5p targeting RUNX3 to participate in ZEB1-related inflammation and remodelling of AECs. MMV-derived circ_YTHDF2 would be an important therapeutic target for MA-induced chronic lung injury. KEY POINTS: Methamphetamine (MA) abuse induces pulmonary dysfunction and alveoli injury. The immunoactivity of macrophage microvesicles (MMVs) is regulated by circ_YTHDF2. Circ_YTHDF2 in MMVs is the key to MMV-mediated intercellular communication between macrophages and alveolar epithelial cells. Circ_YTHDF2 sponges miR-145-5p targeting runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) to participate in zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1)-related inflammation and remodelling. MMV-derived circ_YTHDF2 would be an important therapeutic target for MA-induced chronic lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ying-Jian Gu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiang-Gui Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Lin Cheng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ming-Yuan Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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6
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Zhang S, Yang Y, Lv X, Liu W, Zhu S, Wang Y, Xu H. Unraveling the Intricate Roles of Exosomes in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Comprehensive Review of Physiological Significance and Pathological Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15677. [PMID: 37958661 PMCID: PMC10650316 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, as potent intercellular communication tools, have garnered significant attention due to their unique cargo-carrying capabilities, which enable them to influence diverse physiological and pathological functions. Extensive research has illuminated the biogenesis, secretion, and functions of exosomes. These vesicles are secreted by cells in different states, exerting either protective or harmful biological functions. Emerging evidence highlights their role in cardiovascular disease (CVD) by mediating comprehensive interactions among diverse cell types. This review delves into the significant impacts of exosomes on CVD under stress and disease conditions, including coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial infarction, heart failure, and other cardiomyopathies. Focusing on the cellular signaling and mechanisms, we explore how exosomes mediate multifaceted interactions, particularly contributing to endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in CVD pathogenesis. Additionally, exosomes show great promise as biomarkers, reflecting differential expressions of NcRNAs (miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs), and as therapeutic carriers for targeted CVD treatment. However, the specific regulatory mechanisms governing exosomes in CVD remain incomplete, necessitating further exploration of their characteristics and roles in various CVD-related contexts. This comprehensive review aims to provide novel insights into the biological implications of exosomes in CVD and offer innovative perspectives on the diagnosis and treatment of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ying Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (S.Z.); (Y.Y.); (X.L.); (W.L.); (S.Z.)
| | - Hongfei Xu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (S.Z.); (Y.Y.); (X.L.); (W.L.); (S.Z.)
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7
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Tulbah AS. In vitro bio-characterization of solid lipid nanoparticles of favipiravir in A549 human lung epithelial cancer cells. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2023; 18:1076-1086. [PMID: 36994222 PMCID: PMC10040896 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2023.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Lung cancer is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. In lung cancer treatment, nebulized solid lipid nanoparticles may be a viable drug delivery method, helping the drug reach sites of action, and improving its inhalation efficiency and pulmonary deposition. This research focused on evaluating the effectiveness of solid lipid nanoparticles of favipiravir (Fav-SLNps) in facilitating drug delivery to sites of action in lung cancer treatment. Methods The hot-evaporation method was used to formulate Fav-SLNps. The in vitro cell viability, anti-cancer effects, and cellular uptake activity were evaluated in A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells treated with the Fav-SLNp formulation. Results The Fav-SLNps were formulated successfully. Importantly, Fav-SLNps at a concentration of 322.6 μg/ml were found to be safe and non-toxic toward A549 cells in vitro. The formulation had potential anti-proliferative properties via increasing the proportions of cells in G2/M and G0/G1 phases to 1.20 and 1.13 times those in untreated cells. Additionally, Fav-SLNp treatment significantly induced necrosis in A549 cells. Furthermore, the use of SLNps in the Fav formulation resulted in a macrophage drug uptake 1.23 times that of the free drug. Conclusion Our results confirmed the internalization and anti-cancer activity of the Fav-SLNp formulation in the A549 lung cancer cell line. Our findings suggest that Fav-SLNps could potentially be used as lung cancer treatment to facilitate drug delivery to sites of action in the lungs.
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8
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Haggadone MD, Speth J, Hong HS, Penke LR, Zhang E, Lyssiotis CA, Peters-Golden M. ATP citrate lyase links increases in glycolysis to diminished release of vesicular suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 by alveolar macrophages. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166458. [PMID: 35700791 PMCID: PMC9940702 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important vectors for intercellular communication. Lung-resident alveolar macrophages (AMs) tonically secrete EVs containing suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3), a cytosolic protein that promotes homeostasis in the distal lung via its actions in recipient neighboring epithelial cells. AMs are metabolically distinct and exhibit low levels of glycolysis at steady state. To our knowledge, whether cellular metabolism influences the packaging and release of an EV cargo molecule has never been explored in any cellular context. Here, we report that increases in glycolysis following in vitro exposure of AMs to the growth and activating factor granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor inhibit the release of vesicular SOCS3 by primary AMs. Glycolytically diminished SOCS3 secretion requires export of citrate from the mitochondria to the cytosol and its subsequent conversion to acetyl-CoA by ATP citrate lyase. Our data for the first time implicate perturbations in intracellular metabolites in the regulation of vesicular cargo packaging and secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikel D Haggadone
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jennifer Speth
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Hanna S Hong
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 41809, USA; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 41809, USA
| | - Loka R Penke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Eric Zhang
- Undergraduate Research Opportunity Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Costas A Lyssiotis
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 41809, USA; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 41809, USA
| | - Marc Peters-Golden
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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9
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Eckhardt CM, Baccarelli AA, Wu H. Environmental Exposures and Extracellular Vesicles: Indicators of Systemic Effects and Human Disease. Curr Environ Health Rep 2022; 9:465-476. [PMID: 35449498 PMCID: PMC9395256 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-022-00357-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Environmental pollutants contribute to the pathogenesis of numerous diseases including chronic cardiovascular, respiratory, and neurodegenerative diseases, among others. Emerging evidence suggests that extracellular vesicles (EVs) may mediate the association of environmental exposures with chronic diseases. The purpose of this review is to describe the impact of common environmental exposures on EVs and their role in linking environmental pollutants to the pathogenesis of chronic systemic diseases. RECENT FINDINGS Common environmental pollutants including particulate matter, tobacco smoke, and chemical pollutants trigger the release of EVs from multiple systems in the body. Existing research has focused primarily on air pollutants, which alter EV production and release in the lungs and systemic circulation. Air pollutants also impact the selective loading of EV cargo including microRNA and proteins, which modify the cellular function in recipient cells. As a result, pollutant-induced EVs often contribute to a pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic milieu, which increases the risk of pollutant-related diseases including obstructive lung diseases, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative diseases, and lung cancer. Common environmental exposures are associated with multifaceted changes in EVs that lead to functional alterations in recipient cells and contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic systemic diseases. EVs may represent emerging targets for the prevention and treatment of diseases that stem from environmental exposures. However, novel research is required to expand our knowledge of the biological action of EV cargo, elucidate determinants of EV release, and fully understand the impact of environmental pollutants on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Eckhardt
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical, Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, Floor 8, Suite 101, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Environmental Health Sciences Department, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 630 West 168th Street, Room 16-416, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Haotian Wu
- Environmental Health Sciences Department, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 630 West 168th Street, Room 16-416, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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10
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Wang M, Cai W, Yang AJ, Wang CY, Zhang CL, Liu W, Xie XF, Gong YY, Zhao YY, Wu WC, Zhou Q, Zhao CY, Dong JF, Li M. Gastric cancer cell-derived extracellular vesicles disrupt endothelial integrity and promote metastasis. Cancer Lett 2022; 545:215827. [PMID: 35842018 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The endothelium is the critical barrier that controls transendothelial communications. Blood vessels in cancer tissue are poorly developed and highly permeable. However, it is poorly understood how circulating cancer cells released through these "leaky" vessels break the intact vasculature of remote organs to metastasize. We investigated the roles of cancer cell-derived extracellular vesicles (CEVs) in regulating cancer metastasis by analyzing samples from gastric cancer patients, performing in vitro experiments, and studying mouse models. We made several novel observations. First, the rate of metastasis was closely associated with plasma levels of CEVs in patients with gastric cancer. Second, cultured endothelial cells endocytosed CEVs, resulting in cytoskeletal rearrangement, low expression of the junction proteins cadherin and CD31, and forming large intercellular gaps to allow the transendothelial migration of cancer cells. The dynamin inhibitor Dynasore prevented these CEV-induced changes of endothelial cells by blocking CEVs endocytosis. Third, CEVs disrupted the endothelial barrier of cancer-bearing mice to promote cancer metastasis. Finally, lactadherin promoted the clearance of circulating CEVs to reduce metastasis. These results demonstrate the essential role of CEVs in promoting the metastasis of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Institute of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Wei Cai
- Institute of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Ai-Jun Yang
- Institute of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Chen-Yu Wang
- Institute of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Chen-Li Zhang
- Institute of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Xiao-Feng Xie
- Institute of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; School of Medicine, Northwest MinZu University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Yuan-Yuan Gong
- Institute of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Institute of Pathology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Fenyang College of Shanxi Medical University, Fenyang, China.
| | - Ying-Ying Zhao
- Institute of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Institute of Pathology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Fenyang College of Shanxi Medical University, Fenyang, China.
| | - Wen-Cheng Wu
- Institute of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Quan Zhou
- Institute of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Chan-Yuan Zhao
- Institute of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Jing-Fei Dong
- Bloodworks Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Min Li
- Institute of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
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11
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Soni S, O'Dea KP, Abe E, Khamdan M, Shah SV, Sarathchandra P, Wilson MR, Takata M. Microvesicle-Mediated Communication Within the Alveolar Space: Mechanisms of Uptake by Epithelial Cells and Alveolar Macrophages. Front Immunol 2022; 13:853769. [PMID: 35572508 PMCID: PMC9094433 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.853769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intra-alveolar microvesicles (MVs) are important mediators of inter-cellular communication within the alveolar space, and are key components in the pathophysiology of lung inflammation such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Despite the abundance of data detailing the pro-inflammatory effects of MVs, it remains unclear how MVs interact or signal with target cells in the alveolus. Using both in vivo and in vitro alveolar models, we analyzed the dynamics of MV uptake by resident alveolar cells: alveolar macrophages and epithelial cells. Under resting conditions, the overwhelming majority of MVs were taken up by alveolar macrophages. However, following lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated inflammation, epithelial cells internalized significantly more MVs (p<0.01) whilst alveolar macrophage internalization was significantly reduced (p<0.01). We found that alveolar macrophages adopted a pro-inflammatory phenotype after internalizing MVs under resting conditions, but reduction of MV uptake following LPS pre-treatment was associated with loss of inflammatory phenotype. Instead, MVs induced significant epithelial cell inflammation following LPS pre-treatment, when MV internalization was most significant. Using pharmacological inhibitors, we interrogated the mechanisms of MV internalization to identify which endocytic pathways and cell surface receptors are involved. We demonstrated that epithelial cells are exclusively dependent on the clathrin and caveolin dependent endocytotic pathway, whereas alveolar macrophage uptake may involve a significant phagocytic component. Furthermore, alveolar macrophages predominantly engulf MVs via scavenger receptors whilst, epithelial cells internalize MVs via a phosphatidylserine/integrin receptor mediated pathway (specifically alpha V beta III), which can be inhibited with phosphatidylserine-binding protein (i.e. annexin V). In summary, we have undertaken a comprehensive evaluation of MV internalization within the alveolar space. Our results demonstrate that different environmental conditions can modulate MV internalization, with inflammatory stimuli strongly enhancing epithelial cell uptake of MVs and inducing epithelial cell activation. Our data reveal the unique mechanisms by which alveolar macrophages and epithelial cells internalize MVs thereby elucidating how MVs exert their pathophysiological effect during lung inflammation and injury. As MVs are potential novel therapeutic targets in conditions such as ARDS, these data provide crucial insights into the dynamics of MV-target cell interactions and highlight potential avenues for researchers to modulate and inhibit their pro-inflammatory actions within the alveolar space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanooj Soni
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kieran P O'Dea
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eiko Abe
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maryam Khamdan
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sneh V Shah
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Padmini Sarathchandra
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Heart Science Centre, Harefield Hospital, Harefield, United Kingdom
| | - Michael R Wilson
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Masao Takata
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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12
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Busatto S, Yang Y, Iannotta D, Davidovich I, Talmon Y, Wolfram J. Considerations for extracellular vesicle and lipoprotein interactions in cell culture assays. J Extracell Vesicles 2022; 11:e12202. [PMID: 35362268 PMCID: PMC8971175 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
With an exponential increase in extracellular vesicle (EV) studies in the past decade, focus has been placed on standardization of experimental design to ensure inter‐study comparisons and validity of conclusions. In the case of in vitro assays, the composition of cell culture media is important to consider for EV studies. In particular, levels of lipoproteins, which are critical components of the interstitial fluid, should be taken into consideration. Results from this study reveal that lipoprotein levels in cell culture medium impact the effects that EVs have on recipient cells. Additionally, evidence of EV binding and fusion to lipoprotein‐like structures in plasma is provided. However, it is unclear whether the impact of lipoproteins in cell culture is due to direct interactions with EVs, indirect effects, or a combination of both mechanisms. Taken together, cell culture studies performed in the absence of physiological levels of lipoproteins are unlikely to reflect interactions that occur between EVs and recipient cells in an in vivo environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Busatto
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yubo Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Dalila Iannotta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.,Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti-Pescara "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Irina Davidovich
- Department of Chemical Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yeshayahu Talmon
- Department of Chemical Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Joy Wolfram
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.,Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Chemical Engineering, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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13
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Design and Characterization of Atorvastatin Dry Powder Formulation as a potential Lung Cancer Treatment. Saudi Pharm J 2022; 29:1449-1457. [PMID: 35002383 PMCID: PMC8720807 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death. Many studies have shown the beneficial effects of Atorvastatin in decreasing the mortality risk and improving survival among patients with lung cancer. This research paper focuses on improving AVT cytotoxic activity and cellular uptake by developing mannitol microcarriers as a promising drug delivery system for lung cancer treatment and, studying the impact of improving inhalation deposition on the delivery and Dry Powder formulations efficiency. The AVT loaded mannitol (AM) microparticles (AVT-AM) formulation was prepared by spray drying and characterized for its physicochemical properties and aerodynamic deposition. The results revealed that the AVT-AM formulation has good flow properties and aerosol deposition with a particle size of 3418 nm ± 26.86. The formulation was also assessed in vitro for cytotoxicity effects (proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle progression) on A549 human lung adenocarcinoma. Compared with free AVT, the AVT-AM formulation has significantly higher cellular uptake and anti-cancer properties by disrupting cell cycle progression via either apoptosis or cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. This study shows that AVT loaded mannitol microcarriers may provide a potentially effective and sustained pulmonary drug delivery for lung cancer treatment.
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14
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Reid LV, Spalluto CM, Watson A, Staples KJ, Wilkinson TMA. The Role of Extracellular Vesicles as a Shared Disease Mechanism Contributing to Multimorbidity in Patients With COPD. Front Immunol 2021; 12:754004. [PMID: 34925327 PMCID: PMC8675939 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.754004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Individuals with COPD typically experience a progressive, debilitating decline in lung function as well as systemic manifestations of the disease. Multimorbidity, is common in COPD patients and increases the risk of hospitalisation and mortality. Central to the genesis of multimorbidity in COPD patients is a self-perpetuating, abnormal immune and inflammatory response driven by factors including ageing, pollutant inhalation (including smoking) and infection. As many patients with COPD have multiple concurrent chronic conditions, which require an integrative management approach, there is a need to greater understand the shared disease mechanisms contributing to multimorbidity. The intercellular transfer of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has recently been proposed as an important method of local and distal cell-to-cell communication mediating both homeostatic and pathological conditions. EVs have been identified in many biological fluids and provide a stable capsule for the transfer of cargo including proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. Of these cargo, microRNAs (miRNAs), which are short 17-24 nucleotide non-coding RNA molecules, have been amongst the most extensively studied. There is evidence to support that miRNA are selectively packaged into EVs and can regulate recipient cell gene expression including major pathways involved in inflammation, apoptosis and fibrosis. Furthermore changes in EV cargo including miRNA have been reported in many chronic diseases and in response to risk factors including respiratory infections, noxious stimuli and ageing. In this review, we discuss the potential of EVs and EV-associated miRNA to modulate shared pathological processes in chronic diseases. Further delineating these may lead to the identification of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for patients with COPD and multimorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura V Reid
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - C Mirella Spalluto
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton Centre for Biomedical Research, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair Watson
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton Centre for Biomedical Research, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Birmingham Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Karl J Staples
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton Centre for Biomedical Research, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Tom M A Wilkinson
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton Centre for Biomedical Research, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
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15
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Inflammatory alveolar macrophage-derived microvesicles damage lung epithelial cells and induce lung injury. Immunol Lett 2021; 241:23-34. [PMID: 34740720 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2021.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence has demonstrated that several microvesicles (MVs) are secreted in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) during the pathogenesis of acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS). However, the impact of alveolar macrophage (AM)-derived MVs on epithelial cells and their in vivo effects on ALI/ARDS require further exploration. In this study, MVs were isolated from BALF of mice or mouse alveolar macrophage (MHS) cells by sequential centrifugation and then delivered to epithelial cells or mice. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed that BALF-derived MVs (BALF-MVs) and MHS-derived MVs (AM-MVs) were rich in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) at the early stage of lung injury. In vitro, both inflammatory BALF-MVs and AM-MVs decreased the expression of α subunit of epithelial sodium channel (α-ENaC), γ-ENaC, and Na+,K+-ATPase α1 and β1 in lung epithelial cells. However, antibodies against TNF-α inhibited the effects of inflammatory AM-MVs in epithelial cells. In vivo, the inflammatory AM-MVs, delivered intratracheally to mice, impaired lung tissues and increased the injury score. They also resulted in decreased alveolar fluid clearance and increased lung wet weight/dry weight ratio. Furthermore, inflammatory AM-MVs downregulated the α-ENaC, γ-ENaC, and Na+,K+-ATPase α1 and β1 levels in lung tissues. According to our results, inflammatory AM-derived MVs may potentially contribute to lung injury and pulmonary edema, thereby indicating a potential novel therapeutic approach against ALI/ARDS based on AM-MVs.
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16
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Extracellular vesicles in acute respiratory distress syndrome: Recent developments from bench to bedside. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 100:108118. [PMID: 34492532 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), characterized by a large number of inflammatory cell aggregation and alveolar cell damage in pathophysiology, have extremely high morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. In recent years, more and more studies have found that there are abundant extracellular vesicles (EVs) in animal models and patients with ALI/ARDS, and they play a critical role in the pathogenesis of lung injury. Clarifying the mechanisms of EVs in lung injury is of great significance in the diagnosis and treatment of ALI/ARDS. In this review, we will summarize the recent findings on the roles of EVs derived from different cells in ALI/ARDS, along with the formation, function, and related effects of EVs, and explore their potential clinical application for the diagnosis and treatment of ALI/ARDS.
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17
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Hovhannisyan L, Czechowska E, Gutowska-Owsiak D. The Role of Non-Immune Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Allergy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:702381. [PMID: 34489951 PMCID: PMC8417238 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.702381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), and especially exosomes, have been shown to mediate information exchange between distant cells; this process directly affects the biological characteristics and functionality of the recipient cell. As such, EVs significantly contribute to the shaping of immune responses in both physiology and disease states. While vesicles secreted by immune cells are often implicated in the allergic process, growing evidence indicates that EVs from non-immune cells, produced in the stroma or epithelia of the organs directly affected by inflammation may also play a significant role. In this review, we provide an overview of the mechanisms of allergy to which those EVs contribute, with a particular focus on small EVs (sEVs). Finally, we also give a clinical perspective regarding the utilization of the EV-mediated communication route for the benefit of allergic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilit Hovhannisyan
- University of Gdansk, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of in vitro Studies, Institute of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ewa Czechowska
- University of Gdansk, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Danuta Gutowska-Owsiak
- University of Gdansk, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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18
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Gurunathan S, Kang MH, Kim JH. Diverse Effects of Exosomes on COVID-19: A Perspective of Progress From Transmission to Therapeutic Developments. Front Immunol 2021; 12:716407. [PMID: 34394121 PMCID: PMC8355618 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.716407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a new strain of coronavirus and the causative agent of the current global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). There are currently no FDA-approved antiviral drugs for COVID-19 and there is an urgent need to develop treatment strategies that can effectively suppress SARS-CoV-2 infection. Numerous approaches have been researched so far, with one of them being the emerging exosome-based therapies. Exosomes are nano-sized, lipid bilayer-enclosed structures, share structural similarities with viruses secreted from all types of cells, including those lining the respiratory tract. Importantly, the interplay between exosomes and viruses could be potentially exploited for antiviral drug and vaccine development. Exosomes are produced by virus-infected cells and play crucial roles in mediating communication between infected and uninfected cells. SARS-CoV-2 modulates the production and composition of exosomes, and can exploit exosome formation, secretion, and release pathways to promote infection, transmission, and intercellular spread. Exosomes have been exploited for therapeutic benefits in patients afflicted with various diseases including COVID-19. Furthermore, the administration of exosomes loaded with immunomodulatory cargo in combination with antiviral drugs represents a novel intervention for the treatment of diseases such as COVID-19. In particular, exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are used as cell-free therapeutic agents. Mesenchymal stem cell derived exosomes reduces the cytokine storm and reverse the inhibition of host anti-viral defenses associated with COVID-19 and also enhances mitochondrial function repair lung injuries. We discuss the role of exosomes in relation to transmission, infection, diagnosis, treatment, therapeutics, drug delivery, and vaccines, and present some future perspectives regarding their use for combating COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangiliyandi Gurunathan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min Hee Kang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
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19
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Yan YY, Zhou WM, Wang YQ, Guo QR, Zhao FX, Zhu ZY, Xing YX, Zhang HY, Aljofan M, Jarrahi AM, Makabel B, Zhang JY. The Potential Role of Extracellular Vesicles in COVID-19 Treatment: Opportunity and Challenge. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:699929. [PMID: 34368228 PMCID: PMC8345113 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.699929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection has become an urgent public health concern worldwide, severely affecting our society and economy due to the long incubation time and high prevalence. People spare no effort on the rapid development of vaccine and treatment all over the world. Amongst the numerous ways of tackling this pandemic, some approaches using extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging. In this review, we summarize current prevalence and pathogenesis of COVID-19, involving the combination of SARS-CoV-2 and virus receptor ACE2, endothelial dysfunction and micro thrombosis, together with cytokine storm. We also discuss the ongoing EVs-based strategies for the treatment of COVID-19, including mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-EVs, drug-EVs, vaccine-EVs, platelet-EVs, and others. This manuscript provides the foundation for the development of targeted drugs and vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-yan Yan
- School of Medicine, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
| | - Wen-min Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-qing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiao-ru Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Xinjiang Institute of Materia Medica, Urumqi, China
| | - Fu-xi Zhao
- School of Medicine, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
| | - Zhuang-yan Zhu
- School of Medicine, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
| | - Yan-xia Xing
- School of Medicine, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
| | - Hai-yan Zhang
- School of Medicine, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
| | - Mohamad Aljofan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | | | | | - Jian-ye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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20
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Tontanahal A, Arvidsson I, Karpman D. Annexin Induces Cellular Uptake of Extracellular Vesicles and Delays Disease in Escherichia coli O157:H7 Infection. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061143. [PMID: 34073384 PMCID: PMC8228561 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli secrete Shiga toxin and lead to hemolytic uremic syndrome. Patients have high levels of circulating prothrombotic extracellular vesicles (EVs) that expose phosphatidylserine and tissue factor and transfer Shiga toxin from the circulation into the kidney. Annexin A5 (AnxA5) binds to phosphatidylserine, affecting membrane dynamics. This study investigated the effect of anxA5 on EV uptake by human and murine phagocytes and used a mouse model of EHEC infection to study the effect of anxA5 on disease and systemic EV levels. EVs derived from human whole blood or HeLa cells were more readily taken up by THP-1 cells or RAW264.7 cells when the EVs were coated with anxA5. EVs from HeLa cells incubated with RAW264.7 cells induced phosphatidylserine exposure on the cells, suggesting a mechanism by which anxA5-coated EVs can bind to phagocytes before uptake. Mice treated with anxA5 for six days after inoculation with E. coli O157:H7 showed a dose-dependent delay in the development of clinical disease. Treated mice had lower levels of EVs in the circulation. In the presence of anxA5, EVs are taken up by phagocytes and their systemic levels are lower, and, as EVs transfer Shiga toxin to the kidney, this could postpone disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Diana Karpman
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-46-2220747; Fax: +46-46-2220748
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21
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Letsiou E, Teixeira Alves LG, Fatykhova D, Felten M, Mitchell TJ, Müller-Redetzky HC, Hocke AC, Witzenrath M. Microvesicles released from pneumolysin-stimulated lung epithelial cells carry mitochondrial cargo and suppress neutrophil oxidative burst. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9529. [PMID: 33953279 PMCID: PMC8100145 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88897-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Microvesicles (MVs) are cell-derived extracellular vesicles that have emerged as markers and mediators of acute lung injury (ALI). One of the most common pathogens in pneumonia-induced ALI is Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn), but the role of MVs during Spn lung infection is largely unknown. In the first line of defense against Spn and its major virulence factor, pneumolysin (PLY), are the alveolar epithelial cells (AEC). In this study, we aim to characterize MVs shed from PLY-stimulated AEC and explore their contribution in mediating crosstalk with neutrophils. Using in vitro cell and ex vivo (human lung tissue) models, we demonstrated that Spn in a PLY-dependent manner stimulates AEC to release increased numbers of MVs. Spn infected mice also had higher levels of epithelial-derived MVs in their alveolar compartment compared to control. Furthermore, MVs released from PLY-stimulated AEC contain mitochondrial content and can be taken up by neutrophils. These MVs then suppress the ability of neutrophils to produce reactive oxygen species, a critical host-defense mechanism. Taken together, our results demonstrate that AEC in response to pneumococcal PLY release MVs that carry mitochondrial cargo and suggest that these MVs regulate innate immune responses during lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Letsiou
- Division of Pulmonary Inflammation, and Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany. .,Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - L G Teixeira Alves
- Division of Pulmonary Inflammation, and Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - D Fatykhova
- Division of Pulmonary Inflammation, and Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Felten
- Division of Pulmonary Inflammation, and Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - T J Mitchell
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - H C Müller-Redetzky
- Division of Pulmonary Inflammation, and Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - A C Hocke
- Division of Pulmonary Inflammation, and Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, (DZL), Berlin, Germany
| | - M Witzenrath
- Division of Pulmonary Inflammation, and Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, (DZL), Berlin, Germany
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22
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Mallach A, Gobom J, Zetterberg H, Hardy J, Piers TM, Wray S, Pocock JM. The influence of the R47H triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 variant on microglial exosome profiles. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab009. [PMID: 34704019 PMCID: PMC8244649 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Variants in the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 gene are linked with an increased risk of dementia, in particular the R47Hhet triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 variant is linked to late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Using human induced pluripotent stem cells-derived microglia, we assessed whether variations in the dynamics of exosome secretion, including their components, from these cells might underlie some of this risk. We found exosome size was not altered between common variant controls and R47Hhet variants, but the amount and constitution of exosomes secreted were different. Exosome quantities were rescued by incubation with an ATP donor or with lipids via a phosphatidylserine triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 ligand. Following a lipopolysaccharide or phagocytic cell stimulus, exosomes from common variant and R47Hhet microglia were found to contain cytokines, chemokines, APOE and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2. Differences were observed in the expression of CCL22, IL-1β and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 between common variant and R47Hhet derived exosomes. Furthermore unlike common variant-derived exosomes, R47Hhet exosomes contained additional proteins linked to negative regulation of transcription and metabolic processes. Subsequent addition of exosomes to stressed neurones showed R47Hhet-derived exosomes to be less protective. These data have ramifications for the responses of microglia in Alzheimer's disease and may point to further targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mallach
- Department of Neuroinflammation, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 1PJ, UK
| | - Johan Gobom
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, S-431 80, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, S-431 80, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, S-431 80, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, S-431 80, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 1PJ, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - John Hardy
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 1PJ, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Reta Lila Weston Institute, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 1PJ, UK
- NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
- Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Thomas M Piers
- Department of Neuroinflammation, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 1PJ, UK
| | - Selina Wray
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 1PJ, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Jennifer M Pocock
- Department of Neuroinflammation, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 1PJ, UK
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23
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Youssef El Baradie KB, Hamrick MW. Therapeutic application of extracellular vesicles for musculoskeletal repair & regeneration. Connect Tissue Res 2021; 62:99-114. [PMID: 32602385 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2020.1781102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic musculoskeletal injuries are common in both the civilian and combat care settings. Significant barriers exist to repairing these injuries including fracture nonunion, muscle fibrosis, re-innervation, and compartment syndrome, as well as infection and inflammation. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, have attracted attention in the field of musculoskeletal regeneration. These vesicles are released by different cell types and play a vital role in cell communication by delivering functional cargoes such as proteins and RNAs. Many of these cargo molecules can be utilized for repair purposes in skeletal disorders such as osteoporosis, osteogenesis imperfecta, sarcopenia, and fracture healing. There are, however, some challenges to overcome in order to advance the successful application of these vesicles in the therapeutic setting. These include large-scale production and isolation of exosomes, long-term storage, in vivo stability, and strategies for tissue-specific targeting and delivery. This paper reviews the general characteristics of exosomes along with their physiological roles and contribution to the pathogenesis of musculoskeletal diseases. We also highlight new findings on the use of synthetic exosomes to overcome the limitations of native exosomes in treating musculoskeletal injuries and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark W Hamrick
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University , Augusta, GA, USA
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24
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Lehtonen S, Nurmos NI, Karvonen HM, Lappi-Blanco E, Harju T, Sköld M, Kaarteenaho R. Smoking effect on the ultrastructural properties of cultured lung myofibroblasts. Ultrastruct Pathol 2020; 45:37-48. [PMID: 33377815 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2020.1858214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed at an ultrastructural characterization of myofibroblasts cultured from different compartments of lung from never-smokers and smokers with or without COPD. In addition, we evaluated the expression of alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), a marker for myofibroblasts, and contractile properties. Stromal cells cultured from central and corresponding peripheral or only from peripheral lung of never-smokers, smokers without COPD and COPD patients were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), immunoelectron microscopy (IEM), Western analysis and/or by collagen gel contraction assay. TEM revealed that myofibroblasts cultured from smokers and COPD had less prominent intracellular actin filaments. We also examined fibronexus (FNX), which is a typical ultrastructural feature of myofibroblasts, and observed that patients with COPD more frequently had tandem-like FNX as compared to other samples. Western analysis showed that the samples derived from the central lung of never-smokers expressed higher levels of α-SMA than those of smokers and COPD patients. Cells from central lung were less contractile than those from peripheral lung. We conclude that myofibroblasts have variable ultrastructural and functional properties based on their localization in the lung and, moreover, these properties are affected by both smoking history and COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siri Lehtonen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ninni-Ingrid Nurmos
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine and Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Henna M Karvonen
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine and Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Elisa Lappi-Blanco
- Department of Pathology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Terttu Harju
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine and Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Magnus Sköld
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Riitta Kaarteenaho
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine and Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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25
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Chen L, Mou S, Hou J, Fang H, Zeng Y, Sun J, Wang Z. Simple application of adipose-derived stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles coating enhances cytocompatibility and osteoinductivity of titanium implant. Regen Biomater 2020; 8:rbaa038. [PMID: 33732487 PMCID: PMC7947573 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbaa038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface modification using bioactive molecules is frequently performed to improve the biological properties of medical metal biomaterial titanium (Ti) implants. Developmental evidence suggests that mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) served as potent bioactive component. As a subset of MSC-EV, adipose-derived stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (ADSC-EVs) could be obtained from abundant adipose tissue. Meanwhile, it possesses multiple regenerative properties and might be used to endow biological activities to medical Ti implant. Here, we present a simple ADSC-EV coating strategy based on physisorption of fibronectin. This ADSC-EV functionalized Ti implants (EV-Ti) revealed enhanced osteoblast compatibility and osteoinductive activity. Cell spreading area of EV-Ti group was 1.62- and 1.48-fold larger than that of Ti group after 6 and 12 h of cell seeding, respectively. Moreover, EV-Ti promoted alkaline phosphatase, collagen 1 and osteocalcin gene expression in osteoblast by 1.51-, 1.68- and 1.82-fold compared with pristine Ti, respectively. Thus, the MSC-EVs modification method reported here provide a clinically translatable strategy to promote the bioactivity of Ti implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Superficial Organ Reconstruction, Wuhan Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Shan Mou
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Superficial Organ Reconstruction, Wuhan Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jinfei Hou
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Superficial Organ Reconstruction, Wuhan Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Huimin Fang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Superficial Organ Reconstruction, Wuhan Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yuyang Zeng
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Superficial Organ Reconstruction, Wuhan Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jiaming Sun
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Superficial Organ Reconstruction, Wuhan Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zhenxing Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Superficial Organ Reconstruction, Wuhan Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
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26
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Hassanpour M, Rezaie J, Nouri M, Panahi Y. The role of extracellular vesicles in COVID-19 virus infection. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2020; 85:104422. [PMID: 32544615 PMCID: PMC7293471 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles releasing from various types of cells contribute to intercellular communication via delivering bio-molecules like nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids to recipient cells. Exosomes are 30-120 nm extracellular vesicles that participate in several pathological conditions. Virus-infected cells release exosomes that are implicated in infection through transferring viral components such as viral-derived miRNAs and proteins. As well, exosomes contain receptors for viruses that make recipient cells susceptible to virus entry. Since December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection has become a worldwide urgent public health concern. There is currently no vaccine or specific antiviral treatment existing for COVID-19 virus infection. Hence, it is critical to find a safe and effective therapeutic tool to patients with severe COVID-19 virus infection. Extracellular vesicles may contribute to spread this virus as they transfer such receptors as CD9 and ACE2, which make recipient cells susceptible to virus docking. Upon entry, COVID-19 virus may be directed into the exosomal pathway, and its component is packaged into exosomes for secretion. Exosome-based strategies for the treatment of COVID-19 virus infection may include following items: inhibition of exosome biogenesis and uptake, exosome-therapy, exosome-based drug delivery system, and exosome-based vaccine. Mesenchymal stem cells can suppress nonproductive inflammation and improve/repair lung cells including endothelial and alveolar cells, which damaged by COVID-19 virus infection. Understanding molecular mechanisms behind extracellular vesicles related COVID-19 virus infection may provide us with an avenue to identify its entry, replication, spreading, and infection to overcome its adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Hassanpour
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran,Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jafar Rezaie
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran,Correspondence to: J. Rezaie, Solid Tumor Research Center, Research Institute on Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Shafa St, Ershad Blvd., P.O. BoX: 1138, 57147 Urmia, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran,Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yunes Panahi
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Correspondence to: Y. Panahi, Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1435916471, Iran
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27
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Abdollahi S. Extracellular vesicles from organoids and 3D culture systems. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 118:1029-1049. [PMID: 33085083 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
When discovered, extracellular vesicles (EVs) such as exosomes were thought of as junk carriers and a means by which the cell disposed of its waste material. Over the years, the role of EVs in cell communication has become apparent with the discovery that the nano-scale vesicles also transport RNA, DNA, and other bioactive components to and from the cells. These findings were originally made in EVs from body fluids of organisms and from in vitro two-dimensional (2D) cell culture models. Recently, organoids and other 3D multicellular in vitro models are being used to study EVs in the context of both physiologic and pathological states. However, standard, reproducible methods are lacking for EV analysis using these models. As a step toward understanding the implications of these platforms, this review provides a comprehensive picture of the progress using 3D in vitro culture models for EV analysis. Translational efforts and regulatory considerations for EV therapeutics are also briefly overviewed to understand what is needed for scale-up and, ultimately, commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Abdollahi
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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28
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Schwager SC, Reinhart-King CA. Mechanobiology of microvesicle release, uptake, and microvesicle-mediated activation. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2020; 86:255-278. [PMID: 33837695 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Microvesicles are small, membrane-bound vesicles that are shed from the plasma membrane of cells into the extracellular space. Microvesicles contain a variety of cargo not typically thought to be released from cells, including receptor tyrosine kinases, cytosolic signaling proteins, and microRNAs, which are transferred from donor cells to recipient cells. The transfer of microvesicle cargo can result in the transformation of recipient cells thereby supporting disease progression, including modified fibroblast metabolism, epithelial cell contractility, vascular remodeling, and immune cell inflammatory signaling. Additionally, microvesicles are believed to play prominent roles in cell-cell communication and disease progression as they are detected at elevated concentrations in diseased tissues. As microvesicle uptake by recipient cells can modulate cell function to promote disease progression, understanding the mechanisms and mechanosensitivity of microvesicle release, internalization, and the resulting signaling is crucial to fully comprehend their functions in disease. Here, we review recent advances in the understanding of actomyosin-regulated microvesicle biogenesis, microvesicle uptake via pinocytosis, and the resulting cellular transformation. We discuss the effects of altered cell contractility, mode of cell migration, and extracellular matrix compliance on microvesicle signaling, with direct implications in disease progression and identifying future therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha C Schwager
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
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29
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Maumus M, Rozier P, Boulestreau J, Jorgensen C, Noël D. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Opportunities and Challenges for Clinical Translation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:997. [PMID: 33015001 PMCID: PMC7511661 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, derived from mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) exert similar effects as their parental cells, and are of interest for various therapeutic applications. EVs can act through uptake by the target cells followed by release of their cargo inside the cytoplasm, or through interaction of membrane-bound ligands with receptors expressed on target cells to stimulate downstream intracellular pathways. EV-based therapeutics may be directly used as substitutes of intact cells or after modification for targeted drug delivery. However, for the development of EV-based therapeutics, several production, isolation, and characterization requirements have to be met and the quality of the final product has to be tested before its clinical implementation. In this review, we discuss the challenges associated with the development of EV-based therapeutics and the regulatory specifications for their successful clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Maumus
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Bauerfeind France, IRMB, Montpellier, France
| | - Pauline Rozier
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jérémy Boulestreau
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Christian Jorgensen
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Clinical Immunology and Osteoarticular Diseases Therapeutic Unit, Department of Rheumatology, Lapeyronie University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Danièle Noël
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Clinical Immunology and Osteoarticular Diseases Therapeutic Unit, Department of Rheumatology, Lapeyronie University Hospital, Montpellier, France
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30
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Fuentes P, Sesé M, Guijarro PJ, Emperador M, Sánchez-Redondo S, Peinado H, Hümmer S, Ramón Y Cajal S. ITGB3-mediated uptake of small extracellular vesicles facilitates intercellular communication in breast cancer cells. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4261. [PMID: 32848136 PMCID: PMC7450082 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18081-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis, the spread of malignant cells from a primary tumour to distant sites, causes 90% of cancer-related deaths. The integrin ITGB3 has been previously described to play an essential role in breast cancer metastasis, but the precise mechanisms remain undefined. We have now uncovered essential and thus far unknown roles of ITGB3 in vesicle uptake. The functional requirement for ITGB3 derives from its interactions with heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) and the process of integrin endocytosis, allowing the capture of extracellular vesicles and their endocytosis-mediated internalization. Key for the function of ITGB3 is the interaction and activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), which is required for endocytosis of these vesicles. Thus, ITGB3 has a central role in intracellular communication via extracellular vesicles, proposed to be critical for cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Fuentes
- Translational Molecular Pathology, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Network Centre in Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Sesé
- Translational Molecular Pathology, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Network Centre in Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro J Guijarro
- Translational Molecular Pathology, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Emperador
- Translational Molecular Pathology, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
- Tumor Biomarkers Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Sánchez-Redondo
- Microenvironment & Metastasis Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Héctor Peinado
- Microenvironment & Metastasis Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Stefan Hümmer
- Translational Molecular Pathology, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain.
- Spanish Biomedical Research Network Centre in Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Santiago Ramón Y Cajal
- Translational Molecular Pathology, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain.
- Spanish Biomedical Research Network Centre in Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.
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31
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Jurgielewicz BJ, Yao Y, Stice SL. Kinetics and Specificity of HEK293T Extracellular Vesicle Uptake using Imaging Flow Cytometry. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2020; 15:170. [PMID: 32833066 PMCID: PMC7445225 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-020-03399-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized lipid bilayer-bound vesicles that are naturally secreted from most cell types as a communication mechanism to deliver proteins, lipids, and genetic material. Despite the therapeutic potential of EVs, there is limited information on EV uptake kinetics and specificity. Here, we optimized an imaging flow cytometry (IFC)-based platform to quantitatively assess dose, time, and recipient cell specificity effects on human embryonic kidney cell (HEK293T) EV internalization in a high-throughput manner. We found that HEK293T EV uptake is an active process that is dose and time dependent. Further, the selectivity of EV uptake was quantified in vitro, and we found that HEK293T EVs were internalized at higher quantities by cells of the same origin. Lastly, neural stem cells internalized significantly more HEK293T EVs relative to mature neurons, suggesting that stem cells or progenitors, which are more metabolically active than terminally differentiated cells, may have higher rates of active EV internalization. The characterization of EV uptake, notably specificity, dose and time dependence, and kinetic assays will help inform and develop targeted and efficient EV-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Jurgielewicz
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Yao Yao
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| | - Steven L Stice
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
- ArunA Bio, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
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Schneider DJ, Smith KA, Latuszek CE, Wilke CA, Lyons DM, Penke LR, Speth JM, Marthi M, Swanson JA, Moore BB, Lauring AS, Peters-Golden M. Alveolar macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles inhibit endosomal fusion of influenza virus. EMBO J 2020; 39:e105057. [PMID: 32643835 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020105057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Alveolar macrophages (AMs) and epithelial cells (ECs) are the lone resident lung cells positioned to respond to pathogens at early stages of infection. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important vectors of paracrine signaling implicated in a range of (patho)physiologic contexts. Here we demonstrate that AMs, but not ECs, constitutively secrete paracrine activity localized to EVs which inhibits influenza infection of ECs in vitro and in vivo. AMs exposed to cigarette smoke extract lost the inhibitory activity of their secreted EVs. Influenza strains varied in their susceptibility to inhibition by AM-EVs. Only those exhibiting early endosomal escape and high pH of fusion were inhibited via a reduction in endosomal pH. By contrast, strains exhibiting later endosomal escape and lower fusion pH proved resistant to inhibition. These results extend our understanding of how resident AMs participate in host defense and have broader implications in the defense and treatment of pathogens internalized within endosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Schneider
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Katherine A Smith
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Catrina E Latuszek
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Carol A Wilke
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Danny M Lyons
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Loka R Penke
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jennifer M Speth
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Matangi Marthi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Joel A Swanson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Bethany B Moore
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Adam S Lauring
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Marc Peters-Golden
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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33
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Li L, Wu H, Li Q, Chen J, Xu K, Xu J, Su X. SOCS3-deficient lung epithelial cells uptaking neutrophil-derived SOCS3 worsens lung influenza infection. Mol Immunol 2020; 125:51-62. [PMID: 32645550 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) is a negative regulator of TBK1 and interferon pathway and the expression of SOCS3 is closely correlated with symptoms of influenza patients. However, whether deletion of Socs3 in the lung epithelial cells would affect influenza lung replication and inflammation in vivo is unknown. To test this, we approached the influenza infected Socs3f/f and SpcCre.Socs3f/f mice. We first found that knockdown of Socs3 in lung epithelial cells reduced influenza replication. However, in the in vivo study, there was a reduction of SOCS3 in the influenza-infected neutrophils coincided with an increase of SOCS3 in the CD45-CD326+ lung epithelial cells in PR8-infected SpcCre.Socs3f/f mice. SOCS3-deficient neutrophils expressed higher levels of IL-17 that enhanced chemokine expression in the lung epithelial cells. Lung SOCS3-dificient epithelial cells increased expression of GM-CSF and PGE2 which promoted SpcCre.Socs3f/f neutrophils to yield SOCS3. SpcCre.Socs3f/f lung epithelial cells internalized SOCS3 released from GM-CSF + PGE2-stimulated SpcCre.Socs3f/f neutrophils, which could boost influenza replication in the lung epithelial cells. Thus, in the in vivo study, deletion of SOCS3 from lung epithelium could be nullified by the uptake from SOCS3 from infiltrated neutrophils. In addition, deletion of Socs3 from myeloid cells reduced lung influenza infection, but increased lung inflammation. Taken together, deletion of SOCS3 could suppress influenza replication, but intracellular SOCS3 communication between neutrophils and lung epithelial cells confounds this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Haiya Wu
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qingmei Li
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Kaifeng Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jinfu Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai China.
| | - Xiao Su
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
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34
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Haggadone MD, Mancuso P, Peters-Golden M. Oxidative Inactivation of the Proteasome Augments Alveolar Macrophage Secretion of Vesicular SOCS3. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071589. [PMID: 32630102 PMCID: PMC7408579 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) contain a diverse array of molecular cargoes that alter cellular phenotype and function following internalization by recipient cells. In the lung, alveolar macrophages (AMs) secrete EVs containing suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3), a cytosolic protein that promotes homeostasis via vesicular transfer to neighboring alveolar epithelial cells. Although changes in the secretion of EV molecules-including but not limited to SOCS3-have been described in response to microenvironmental stimuli, the cellular and molecular machinery that control alterations in vesicular cargo packaging remain poorly understood. Furthermore, the use of quantitative methods to assess the sorting of cytosolic cargo molecules into EVs is lacking. Here, we utilized cigarette smoke extract (CSE) exposure of AMs as an in vitro model of oxidative stress to address these gaps in knowledge. We demonstrate that the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in AMs was sufficient to augment vesicular SOCS3 release in this model. Using nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) in tandem with a new carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE)-based intracellular protein packaging assay, we show that the stimulatory effects of CSE were at least in part attributable to elevated amounts of SOCS3 packaged per EV secreted by AMs. Furthermore, the use of a 20S proteasome activity assay alongside treatment of AMs with conventional proteasome inhibitors strongly suggest that ROS stimulated SOCS3 release via inactivation of the proteasome. These data demonstrate that tuning of AM proteasome function by microenvironmental oxidants is a critical determinant of the packaging and secretion of cytosolic SOCS3 protein within EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikel D. Haggadone
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (M.D.H.); (P.M.)
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Peter Mancuso
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (M.D.H.); (P.M.)
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Marc Peters-Golden
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (M.D.H.); (P.M.)
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-734-936-5047
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35
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Martin-Medina A, Lehmann M, Burgy O, Hermann S, Baarsma HA, Wagner DE, De Santis MM, Ciolek F, Hofer TP, Frankenberger M, Aichler M, Lindner M, Gesierich W, Guenther A, Walch A, Coughlan C, Wolters P, Lee JS, Behr J, Königshoff M. Increased Extracellular Vesicles Mediate WNT5A Signaling in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 198:1527-1538. [PMID: 30044642 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201708-1580oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a lethal lung disease characterized by lung epithelial cell injury, increased (myo)fibroblast activation, and extracellular matrix deposition. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) regulate intercellular communication by carrying a variety of signaling mediators, including WNT (wingless/integrated) proteins. The relevance of EVs in pulmonary fibrosis and their potential contribution to disease pathogenesis, however, remain unexplored.Objectives: To characterize EVs and study the role of EV-bound WNT signaling in IPF.Methods: We isolated EVs from BAL fluid (BALF) from experimental lung fibrosis as well as samples from IPF, non-IPF interstitial lung disease (ILD), non-ILD, and healthy volunteers from two independent cohorts. EVs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and Western blotting. Primary human lung fibroblasts (phLFs) were used for EV isolation and analyzed by metabolic activity assays, cell counting, quantitative PCR, and Western blotting upon WNT gain- and loss-of-function studies.Measurements and Main Results: We found increased EVs, particularly exosomes, in BALF from experimental lung fibrosis as well as from patients with IPF. WNT5A was secreted on EVs in lung fibrosis and induced by transforming growth factor-β in primary human lung fibroblasts. The phLF-derived EVs induced phLF proliferation, which was attenuated by WNT5A silencing and antibody-mediated inhibition and required intact EV structure. Similarly, EVs from IPF BALF induced phLF proliferation, which was mediated by WNT5A.Conclusions: Increased EVs function as carriers for signaling mediators, such as WNT5A, in IPF and thus contribute to disease pathogenesis. Characterization of EV secretion and composition may lead to novel approaches to diagnose and develop treatments for pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aina Martin-Medina
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Ludwig Maximilian University, University Hospital Grosshadern, and Helmholtz Center Munich, member of the German Center of Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Mareike Lehmann
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Ludwig Maximilian University, University Hospital Grosshadern, and Helmholtz Center Munich, member of the German Center of Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Olivier Burgy
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Sarah Hermann
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Ludwig Maximilian University, University Hospital Grosshadern, and Helmholtz Center Munich, member of the German Center of Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Hoeke A Baarsma
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Ludwig Maximilian University, University Hospital Grosshadern, and Helmholtz Center Munich, member of the German Center of Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Darcy E Wagner
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Ludwig Maximilian University, University Hospital Grosshadern, and Helmholtz Center Munich, member of the German Center of Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Martina M De Santis
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Ludwig Maximilian University, University Hospital Grosshadern, and Helmholtz Center Munich, member of the German Center of Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Ciolek
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Ludwig Maximilian University, University Hospital Grosshadern, and Helmholtz Center Munich, member of the German Center of Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas P Hofer
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Ludwig Maximilian University, University Hospital Grosshadern, and Helmholtz Center Munich, member of the German Center of Lung Research, Munich, Germany.,Center for Thoracic Surgery, Asklepios Biobank for Lung Diseases, Asklepios Clinic Munich-Gauting, Munich, Germany
| | - Marion Frankenberger
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Ludwig Maximilian University, University Hospital Grosshadern, and Helmholtz Center Munich, member of the German Center of Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Michaela Aichler
- Institute of Pathology, Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Lindner
- Center for Thoracic Surgery, Asklepios Biobank for Lung Diseases, Asklepios Clinic Munich-Gauting, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Gesierich
- Center for Thoracic Surgery, Asklepios Biobank for Lung Diseases, Asklepios Clinic Munich-Gauting, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Guenther
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany.,Agaplesion Lung Clinic Waldhof Elgershausen, Greifenstein, Germany.,European IPF Network and European IPF Registry, Giessen, Germany; and
| | - Axel Walch
- Institute of Pathology, Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Coughlan
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Paul Wolters
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Joyce S Lee
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Jürgen Behr
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Ludwig Maximilian University, University Hospital Grosshadern, and Helmholtz Center Munich, member of the German Center of Lung Research, Munich, Germany.,Center for Thoracic Surgery, Asklepios Biobank for Lung Diseases, Asklepios Clinic Munich-Gauting, Munich, Germany
| | - Melanie Königshoff
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Ludwig Maximilian University, University Hospital Grosshadern, and Helmholtz Center Munich, member of the German Center of Lung Research, Munich, Germany.,Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
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36
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Extracellular vesicles for tumor targeting delivery based on five features principle. J Control Release 2020; 322:555-565. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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37
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Duffney PF, Embong AK, McGuire CC, Thatcher TH, Phipps RP, Sime PJ. Cigarette smoke increases susceptibility to infection in lung epithelial cells by upregulating caveolin-dependent endocytosis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232102. [PMID: 32437367 PMCID: PMC7241776 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke exposure is a risk factor for many pulmonary diseases, including Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Cigarette smokers are more prone to respiratory infections with more severe symptoms. In those with COPD, viral infections can lead to acute exacerbations resulting in lung function decline and death. Epithelial cells in the lung are the first line of defense against inhaled insults such as tobacco smoke and are the target for many respiratory pathogens. Endocytosis is an essential cell function involved in nutrient uptake, cell signaling, and sensing of the extracellular environment, yet, the effect of cigarette smoke on epithelial cell endocytosis is not known. Here, we report for the first time that cigarette smoke alters the function of several important endocytic pathways in primary human small airway epithelial cells. Cigarette smoke exposure impairs clathrin-mediated endocytosis and fluid phase macropinocytosis while increasing caveolin mediated endocytosis. We also show that influenza virus uptake is enhanced by cigarette smoke exposure. These results support the concept that cigarette smoke-induced dysregulation of endocytosis contributes to lung infection in smokers. Targeting endocytosis pathways to restore normal epithelial cell function may be a new therapeutic approach to reduce respiratory infections in current and former smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parker F. Duffney
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - A. Karim Embong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Connor C. McGuire
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Thomas H. Thatcher
- Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Richard P. Phipps
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States of America
- Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States of America
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Patricia J. Sime
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States of America
- Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States of America
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States of America
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38
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Improving extracellular vesicles visualization: From static to motion. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6494. [PMID: 32300120 PMCID: PMC7162928 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62920-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have become a hot topic. The findings on EVs content and effects have made them a major field of interest in cancer research. EVs, are able to be internalized through integrins expressed in parental cells, in a tissue specific manner, as a key step of cancer progression and pre-metastatic niche formation. However, this specificity might lead to new opportunities in cancer treatment by using EVs as devices for drug delivery. For future applications of EVs in cancer, improved protocols and methods for EVs isolation and visualization are required. Our group has put efforts on developing a protocol able to track the EVs for in vivo internalization analysis. We showed, for the first time, the videos of labeled EVs uptake by living lung cancer cells.
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39
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Qin Y, Long L, Huang Q. Extracellular vesicles in toxicological studies: key roles in communication between environmental stress and adverse outcomes. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 40:1166-1182. [PMID: 32125006 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
External stressors, especially environmental toxicants can disturb biological homeostasis and thus lead to adverse health effects. However, there is limited understanding of how cells directly exposed to stressors transmit the signals to cells indirectly in contact with stressors. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are receiving increasing attention as signal transductors between various types of cells in organisms. Cargo in EVs, including RNAs, proteins, lipids, and other signal molecules can be transferred between cells and become critical determining factors of intercellular communication. EVs can be a powerful mediator of environmental stimuli. It has been shown that external stressors reshape the secretion of EVs, modify the composition of EVs, and thus influence the mediating function of EVs. These abnormal EVs can lead to dysfunction of recipient cells, and even the pathogenesis of diseases. In this review, we first summarized current knowledge about the responses of EVs to external stimuli, including chemicals and chemical mixtures. Then we explained how these altered EVs regulate signal pathways in recipient cells, thus mediating physio-pathological responses in detail. The most up-to-date evidence from molecular, cellular, animal and human levels was synthesized to systematically address the mediating roles of EVs. EVs can be regarded as a bridge to link external stressors and internal response. Further toxicological and molecular epidemiological studies are expected to provide further insight into the roles of EVs in toxicology. The gaps in the engulfment of toxicants into EVs are listed as the priority to be solved in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Qin
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China.,College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Long
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiansheng Huang
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
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40
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Draijer C, Speth JM, Penke LRK, Zaslona Z, Bazzill JD, Lugogo N, Huang YJ, Moon JJ, Peters-Golden M. Resident alveolar macrophage-derived vesicular SOCS3 dampens allergic airway inflammation. FASEB J 2020; 34:4718-4731. [PMID: 32030817 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201903089r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Resident alveolar macrophages (AMs) suppress allergic inflammation in murine asthma models. Previously we reported that resident AMs can blunt inflammatory signaling in alveolar epithelial cells (ECs) by transcellular delivery of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) within extracellular vesicles (EVs). Here we examined the role of vesicular SOCS3 secretion as a mechanism by which AMs restrain allergic inflammatory responses in airway ECs. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) levels of SOCS3 were reduced in asthmatics and in allergen-challenged mice. Ex vivo SOCS3 secretion was reduced in AMs from challenged mice and this defect was mimicked by exposing normal AMs to cytokines associated with allergic inflammation. Both AM-derived EVs and synthetic SOCS3 liposomes inhibited the activation of STAT3 and STAT6 as well as cytokine gene expression in ECs challenged with IL-4/IL-13 and house dust mite (HDM) extract. This suppressive effect of EVs was lost when they were obtained from AMs exposed to allergic inflammation-associated cytokines. Finally, inflammatory cell recruitment and cytokine generation in the lungs of OVA-challenged mice were attenuated by intrapulmonary pretreatment with SOCS3 liposomes. Overall, AM secretion of SOCS3 within EVs serves as a brake on airway EC responses during allergic inflammation, but is impaired in asthma. Synthetic liposomes encapsulating SOCS3 can rescue this defect and may serve as a framework for novel therapeutic approaches targeting airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Draijer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jennifer M Speth
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Loka R K Penke
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Zbigniew Zaslona
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Joseph D Bazzill
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Njira Lugogo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yvonne J Huang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - James J Moon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Marc Peters-Golden
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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41
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Gonçalves AP, Chow KM, Cea-Sánchez S, Glass NL. WHI-2 Regulates Intercellular Communication via a MAP Kinase Signaling Complex. Front Microbiol 2020; 10:3162. [PMID: 32038591 PMCID: PMC6987382 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.03162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of the fungal mycelial network is facilitated by somatic cell fusion of germinating asexual spores (or germlings). Neurospora crassa germlings in close proximity display chemotropic growth that is dependent upon an intracellular network of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascades. Approximately 80 genes involved in intercellular communication and fusion have been identified, including three mutants with similar morphological phenotypes: Δwhi-2, Δcsp-6, and Δamph-1. Here we show that WHI-2 localizes to the cell periphery and regulates endocytosis, mitochondrial organization, sporulation, and cell fusion. WHI-2 was required to transduce signals through a conserved MAPK pathway (NRC-1/MEK-2/MAK-2) and target transcription factors (PP-1/ADV-1). The amph-1 locus encodes a Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs domain-containing protein and mis-expression of whi-2 compensated for the cell fusion and endocytosis deficiencies of a Δamph-1 mutant. The csp-6 locus encodes a haloacid dehalogenase phosphatase whose activity was essential for cell fusion. Although fusion-deficient with themselves, cells that lacked whi-2, csp-6, or amph-1 showed a low frequency of chemotropic interactions with wild type cells. We hypothesize that WHI-2 could be important for signal perception during chemotropic interactions via a role in endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pedro Gonçalves
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Karen M Chow
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Sara Cea-Sánchez
- Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - N Louise Glass
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States.,Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
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42
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Gomez I, Ward B, Souilhol C, Recarti C, Ariaans M, Johnston J, Burnett A, Mahmoud M, Luong LA, West L, Long M, Parry S, Woods R, Hulston C, Benedikter B, Niespolo C, Bazaz R, Francis S, Kiss-Toth E, van Zandvoort M, Schober A, Hellewell P, Evans PC, Ridger V. Neutrophil microvesicles drive atherosclerosis by delivering miR-155 to atheroprone endothelium. Nat Commun 2020; 11:214. [PMID: 31924781 PMCID: PMC6954269 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14043-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis but are seldom detected in atherosclerotic plaques. We investigated whether neutrophil-derived microvesicles may influence arterial pathophysiology. Here we report that levels of circulating neutrophil microvesicles are enhanced by exposure to a high fat diet, a known risk factor for atherosclerosis. Neutrophil microvesicles accumulate at disease-prone regions of arteries exposed to disturbed flow patterns, and promote vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis in a murine model. Using cultured endothelial cells exposed to disturbed flow, we demonstrate that neutrophil microvesicles promote inflammatory gene expression by delivering miR-155, enhancing NF-κB activation. Similarly, neutrophil microvesicles increase miR-155 and enhance NF-κB at disease-prone sites of disturbed flow in vivo. Enhancement of atherosclerotic plaque formation and increase in macrophage content by neutrophil microvesicles is dependent on miR-155. We conclude that neutrophils contribute to vascular inflammation and atherogenesis through delivery of microvesicles carrying miR-155 to disease-prone regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Gomez
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ben Ward
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Celine Souilhol
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Chiara Recarti
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Ariaans
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jessica Johnston
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Amanda Burnett
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Marwa Mahmoud
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Cardiovascular Mechanobiology and Nanomedicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Le Anh Luong
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University, London, UK
| | - Laura West
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Merete Long
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Sion Parry
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Rachel Woods
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Carl Hulston
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Birke Benedikter
- Department of Medical Microbiology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Chiara Niespolo
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Rohit Bazaz
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Sheila Francis
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Endre Kiss-Toth
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Marc van Zandvoort
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Schober
- Experimental Vascular Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Paul Hellewell
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University, London, UK
| | - Paul C Evans
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Bateson Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Victoria Ridger
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
- INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
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43
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Ajikumar A, Long MB, Heath PR, Wharton SB, Ince PG, Ridger VC, Simpson JE. Neutrophil-Derived Microvesicle Induced Dysfunction of Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5227. [PMID: 31652502 PMCID: PMC6834153 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB), composed of brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMEC) that are tightly linked by tight junction (TJ) proteins, restricts the movement of molecules between the periphery and the central nervous system. Elevated systemic levels of neutrophils have been detected in patients with altered BBB function, but the role of neutrophils in BMEC dysfunction is unknown. Neutrophils are key players of the immune response and, when activated, produce neutrophil-derived microvesicles (NMV). NMV have been shown to impact the integrity of endothelial cells throughout the body and we hypothesize that NMV released from circulating neutrophils interact with BMEC and induce endothelial cell dysfunction. Therefore, the current study investigated the interaction of NMV with human BMEC and determined whether they altered gene expression and function in vitro. Using flow cytometry and confocal imaging, NMV were shown to be internalized by the human cerebral microvascular endothelial cell line hCMEC/D3 via a variety of energy-dependent mechanisms, including endocytosis and macropinocytosis. The internalization of NMV significantly altered the transcriptomic profile of hCMEC/D3, specifically inducing the dysregulation of genes associated with TJ, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis and vesicular transport. Functional studies confirmed NMV significantly increased permeability and decreased the transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) of a confluent monolayer of hCMEC/D3. These findings indicate that NMV interact with and affect gene expression of BMEC as well as impacting their integrity. We conclude that NMV may play an important role in modulating the permeability of BBB during an infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Ajikumar
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK.
| | - Merete B Long
- Department of Infection Immunity and Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.
| | - Paul R Heath
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK.
| | - Stephen B Wharton
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK.
| | - Paul G Ince
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK.
| | - Victoria C Ridger
- Department of Infection Immunity and Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.
| | - Julie E Simpson
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK.
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44
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Speth JM, Penke LR, Bazzill JD, Park KS, de Rubio RG, Schneider DJ, Ouchi H, Moon JJ, Keshamouni VG, Zemans RL, Lama VN, Arenberg DA, Peters-Golden M. Alveolar macrophage secretion of vesicular SOCS3 represents a platform for lung cancer therapeutics. JCI Insight 2019; 4:131340. [PMID: 31619584 PMCID: PMC6824301 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.131340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States. Although the alveolar macrophage (AM) comprises the major resident immune cell in the lung, few studies have investigated its role in lung cancer development. We recently discovered a potentially novel mechanism wherein AMs regulate STAT-induced inflammatory responses in neighboring epithelial cells (ECs) via secretion and delivery of suppressors of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) within extracellular vesicles (EVs). Here, we explored the impact of SOCS3 transfer on EC tumorigenesis and the integrity of AM SOCS3 secretion during development of lung cancer. AM-derived EVs containing SOCS3 inhibited STAT3 activation as well as proliferation and survival of lung adenocarcinoma cells. Levels of secreted SOCS3 were diminished in lungs of patients with non-small cell lung cancer and in a mouse model of lung cancer, and the impaired ability of murine AMs to secrete SOCS3 within EVs preceded the development of lung tumors. Loss of this homeostatic brake on tumorigenesis prompted our effort to "rescue" it. Provision of recombinant SOCS3 loaded within synthetic liposomes inhibited proliferation and survival of lung adenocarcinoma cells in vitro as well as malignant transformation of normal ECs. Intratumoral injection of SOCS3 liposomes attenuated tumor growth in a lung cancer xenograft model. This work identifies AM-derived vesicular SOCS3 as an endogenous antitumor mechanism that is disrupted within the tumor microenvironment and whose rescue by synthetic liposomes can be leveraged as a potential therapeutic strategy for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. Speth
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Loka R. Penke
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Joseph D. Bazzill
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kyung Soo Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Rafael Gil de Rubio
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Daniel J. Schneider
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Hideyasu Ouchi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - James J. Moon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Venkateshwar G. Keshamouni
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Rachel L. Zemans
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Vibha N. Lama
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Douglas A. Arenberg
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Marc Peters-Golden
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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45
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Parimon T, Yao C, Habiel DM, Ge L, Bora SA, Brauer R, Evans CM, Xie T, Alonso-Valenteen F, Medina-Kauwe LK, Jiang D, Noble PW, Hogaboam CM, Deng N, Burgy O, Antes TJ, Königshoff M, Stripp BR, Gharib SA, Chen P. Syndecan-1 promotes lung fibrosis by regulating epithelial reprogramming through extracellular vesicles. JCI Insight 2019; 5:129359. [PMID: 31393853 PMCID: PMC6777916 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.129359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and fatal lung disease. A maladaptive epithelium due to chronic injury is a prominent feature and contributor to pathogenic cellular communication in IPF. Recent data highlight the concept of a "reprogrammed" lung epithelium as critical in the development of lung fibrosis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are potent mediator of cellular crosstalk, and recent evidence supports their role in lung pathologies such as IPF. Here, we demonstrate that syndecan-1 is overexpressed by the epithelium in the lungs of IPF patients and in murine models after bleomycin injury. Moreover, we find that syndecan-1 is a pro-fibrotic signal that alters alveolar type II (ATII) cell phenotypes by augmenting TGFβ and Wnt signaling among other pro-fibrotic pathways. Importantly, we demonstrate that syndecan-1 controls the packaging of several anti-fibrotic microRNAs into EVs that have broad effects over several fibrogenic signaling networks as a mechanism of regulating epithelial plasticity and pulmonary fibrosis. Collectively, our work reveals new insight into how EVs orchestrate cellular signals that promote lung fibrosis and demonstrate the importance of syndecan-1 in coordinating these programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanyalak Parimon
- Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Changfu Yao
- Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David M. Habiel
- Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lingyin Ge
- Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Stephanie A. Bora
- Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rena Brauer
- Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Christopher M. Evans
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Ting Xie
- Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | | | - Dianhua Jiang
- Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Paul W. Noble
- Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Cory M. Hogaboam
- Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Nan Deng
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, and
| | - Olivier Burgy
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Travis J. Antes
- Smidt Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Melanie Königshoff
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Barry R. Stripp
- Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Sina A. Gharib
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Peter Chen
- Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, and
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46
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Khawar MB, Abbasi MH, Siddique Z, Arif A, Sheikh N. An Update on Novel Therapeutic Warfronts of Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) in Cancer Treatment: Where We Are Standing Right Now and Where to Go in the Future. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:9702562. [PMID: 31428232 PMCID: PMC6683766 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9702562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of membrane-bounded vesicles that are believed to be produced and secreted by presumably all cell types under physiological and pathological conditions, including tumors. EVs are very important vehicles in intercellular communications for both shorter and longer distances and are able to deliver a wide range of cargos including proteins, lipids, and various species of nucleic acids effectively. EVs have been emerging as a novel biotherapeutic platform to efficiently deliver therapeutic cargos to treat a broad range of diseases including cancer. This vast potential of drug delivery lies in their abilities to carry a variety of cargos and their ease in crossing the biological membranes. Similarly, their presence in a variety of body fluids makes them a potential biomarker for early diagnosis, prognostication, and surveillance of cancer. Here, we discuss the relatively least and understudied aspects of EV biology and tried to highlight the obstacles and limitations in their clinical applications and also described most of the new warfronts to beat cancer at multiple stages. However, much more challenges still remain to evaluate EV-based therapeutics, and we are very much hopeful that the current work prompts further discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Babar Khawar
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Cell & Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muddasir Hassan Abbasi
- Cell & Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- Department of Zoology, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
| | - Zerwa Siddique
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology (CAMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Amin Arif
- Cell & Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Sheikh
- Cell & Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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47
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Bittel DC, Jaiswal JK. Contribution of Extracellular Vesicles in Rebuilding Injured Muscles. Front Physiol 2019; 10:828. [PMID: 31379590 PMCID: PMC6658195 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal myofibers are injured due to mechanical stresses experienced during physical activity, or due to myofiber fragility caused by genetic diseases. The injured myofiber needs to be repaired or regenerated to restore the loss in muscle tissue function. Myofiber repair and regeneration requires coordinated action of various intercellular signaling factors-including proteins, inflammatory cytokines, miRNAs, and membrane lipids. It is increasingly being recognized release and transmission of these signaling factors involves extracellular vesicle (EV) released by myofibers and other cells in the injured muscle. Intercellular signaling by these EVs alters the phenotype of their target cells either by directly delivering the functional proteins and lipids or by modifying longer-term gene expression. These changes in the target cells activate downstream pathways involved in tissue homeostasis and repair. The EVs are heterogeneous with regards to their size, composition, cargo, location, as well as time-course of genesis and release. These differences impact on the subsequent repair and regeneration of injured skeletal muscles. This review focuses on how intracellular vesicle production, cargo packaging, and secretion by injured muscle, modulates specific reparative, and regenerative processes. Insights into the formation of these vesicles and their signaling properties offer new understandings of the orchestrated response necessary for optimal muscle repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Bittel
- Children's National Health System, Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Jyoti K Jaiswal
- Children's National Health System, Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Washington, DC, United States.,Department of Genomics and Precision Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
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48
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Penke LR, Peters-Golden M. Special Delivery: A New Package for an Old Antifibrotic Mediator. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 60:249-250. [PMID: 30290129 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0312ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Loka R Penke
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Marc Peters-Golden
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor, Michigan
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49
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Abstract
Nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain is difficult to treat. In this study, we used exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (UCMSC) as a cell-free therapy for nerve injury-induced pain in rats. Isolated UCMSC exosomes range in size from 30 to 160 nm and contain CD63, HSP60, and CD81 exosome markers. After L5/6 spinal nerve ligation surgery, single intrathecal injection of exosomes reversed nerve ligation-induced mechanical and thermal hypersensitivities of right hindpaw of rats at initial and well-developed pain stages. Moreover, continuous intrathecal infusion of exosomes achieved excellent preventive and reversal effects for nerve ligation-induced pain. In immunofluorescent study, lots of Exo-green-labelled exosomes could be found majorly in the ipsilateral L5 spinal dorsal horn, dorsal root ganglion, and peripheral axons, suggesting the homing ability of UCMSC exosomes. They also appeared in the central terminals or cell bodies of IB4, CGRP, and NF200 sensory neurons. In addition, exosome treatment suppressed nerve ligation-induced upregulation of c-Fos, CNPase, GFAP, and Iba1. All these data suggest that the analgesic effects of exosomes may involve their actions on neuron and glial cells. Exosomes also inhibited the level of TNF-α and IL-1β, while enhanced the level of IL-10, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in the ipsilateral L5/6 dorsal root ganglion of nerve-ligated rats, indicating anti-inflammatory and proneurotrophic abilities. Protein analysis revealed the content of vascular endothelial growth factor C, angiopoietin-2, and fibroblast growth factor-2 in the exosomes. In summary, intrathecal infusion of exosomes from UCMSCs may be considered as a novel therapeutic approach for nerve injury-induced pain.
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50
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Neves KB, Rios FJ, Jones R, Evans TRJ, Montezano AC, Touyz RM. Microparticles from vascular endothelial growth factor pathway inhibitor-treated cancer patients mediate endothelial cell injury. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 115:978-988. [PMID: 30753341 PMCID: PMC6452312 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor pathway inhibitors (VEGFi), used as anti-angiogenic drugs to treat cancer are associated with cardiovascular toxicities through unknown molecular mechanisms. Endothelial cell-derived microparticles (ECMPs) are biomarkers of endothelial injury and are also functionally active since they influence downstream target cell signalling and function. We questioned whether microparticle (MP) status is altered in cancer patients treated with VEGFi and whether they influence endothelial cell function associated with vascular dysfunction. Plasma MPs were isolated from cancer patients before and after treatment with VEGFi (pazopanib, sunitinib, or sorafenib). Human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) were stimulated with isolated MPs (106 MPs/mL). Microparticle characterization was assessed by flow cytometry. Patients treated with VEGFi had significantly increased levels of plasma ECMP. Endothelial cells exposed to post-VEGFi treatment ECMPs induced an increase in pre-pro-ET-1 mRNA expression, corroborating the increase in endothelin-1 (ET-1) production in HAEC stimulated with vatalanib (VEGFi). Post-VEGFi treatment MPs increased generation of reactive oxygen species in HAEC, effects attenuated by ETA (BQ123) and ETB (BQ788) receptor blockers. VEGFi post-treatment MPs also increased phosphorylation of the inhibitory site of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), decreased nitric oxide (NO), and increased ONOO- levels in HAEC, responses inhibited by ETB receptor blockade. Additionally, gene expression of proinflammatory mediators was increased in HAEC exposed to post-treatment MPs, effects inhibited by BQ123 and BQ788. Our findings define novel molecular mechanism involving interplay between microparticles, the ET-1 system and endothelial cell pro-inflammatory and redox signalling, which may be important in cardiovascular toxicity and hypertension associated with VEGFi anti-cancer treatment. New and noteworthy: our novel data identify MPs as biomarkers of VEGFi-induced endothelial injury and important mediators of ET-1-sensitive redox-regulated pro-inflammatory signalling in effector endothelial cells, processes that may contribute to cardiovascular toxicity in VEGFi-treated cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla B Neves
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, UK
| | - Francisco J Rios
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, UK
| | - Robert Jones
- Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, UK
- Cancer Research UK Glasgow Clinical Trials Unit, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Thomas Ronald Jeffry Evans
- Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Augusto C Montezano
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, UK
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