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Guo Y, Zheng B, Tian P, Zheng J, Li Y, Ding X, Xue W, Ding C. HLA class II antibody activation of endothelial cells induces M2 macrophage differentiation in peripheral blood. Clin Exp Nephrol 2023; 27:309-320. [PMID: 36611129 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-022-02307-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Donor-specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II antibodies (HLA-II Abs) combined with allogeneic endothelial cells (ECs) mediate high-risk rejection in kidney transplant patients. Macrophage accumulation is a significant histological feature of antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) in kidney transplant patients. Here, we further investigated the effect of HLA-II Abs on macrophage phenotypes to provide theoretical basis for clinical treatment of AMR. METHODS We prepared an experimental model containing HLA-II Ab-stimulated microvascular ECs and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) co-culture and explored the potential relationship of HLA-II Ab, ECs activation, and macrophage differentiation. Immune phenotype of macrophage subsets was analyzed and quantified by flow cytometry. HLA-II Ab activation of ECs induces M2 macrophage differentiation signal pathways which were investigated by qPCR and western blotting. RESULTS The stimulation of ECs by F(ab')2 fragment of HLA-II Abs led to phosphorylation of PI3K, Akt, and mTOR, which mediated IL-10, ICAM-1, VCAM-1 secretion. The enhanced ICAM-1 and IL-10 promoted the migration of PBMCs and their differentiation into CD68+ and CD163+ (M2-type) macrophages, respectively, but not CD86+ macrophages. CONCLUSION These findings revealed the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signal pathways activated by HLA-II Abs in ECs and the immune regulation ability of HLA-II Abs to induce PBMC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingcong Guo
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Nephropathy Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Bingxuan Zheng
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Nephropathy Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Puxun Tian
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Nephropathy Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jin Zheng
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Nephropathy Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Nephropathy Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xiaoming Ding
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Nephropathy Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Wujun Xue
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Nephropathy Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Chenguang Ding
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Nephropathy Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China.
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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Oh J, Cho JY, Kim D. Hyptis obtusiflora C. Presl ex Benth Methanolic Extract Exhibits Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Gastritis Activities via Suppressing AKT/NF-κB Pathway. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1146. [PMID: 36904006 PMCID: PMC10005599 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is an indispensable part of the human body's self-defense mechanism against external stimuli. The interactions between Toll-like receptors and microbial components trigger the innate immune system via NF-κB signaling, which regulates the overall cell signaling including inflammatory responses and immune modulations. The anti-inflammatory effects of Hyptis obtusiflora C. Presl ex Benth, which has been used as a home remedy for gastrointestinal disorders and skin disease in rural areas of Latin America, have not yet been studied. Here, we investigate the medicinal properties of Hyptis obtusiflora C. Presl ex Benth methanol extract (Ho-ME) for inflammatory response suppression. Nitric oxide secretion in RAW264.7 cells triggered by TLR2, 3, or 4 agonists was reduced by Ho-ME. Reduction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, and interleukin (IL)-1b mRNA expression was observed. Decreased transcriptional activity in TRIF- and MyD88-overexpressing HEK293T cells was detected with a luciferase assay. Additionally, serially downregulated phosphorylation of kinase in the NF-κB pathway by Ho-ME was discovered in lipopolysaccharide-treated RAW264.7 cells. Together with the overexpression of its constructs, AKT was identified as a target protein of Ho-ME, and its binding domains were reaffirmed. Moreover, Ho-ME exerted gastroprotective effects in an acute gastritis mouse model generated by the administration of HCl and EtOH. In conclusion, Ho-ME downregulates inflammation via AKT targeting in the NF-κB pathway, and the combined results support Hyptis obtusiflora as a new candidate anti-inflammatory drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Oh
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Daewon Kim
- Laboratory of Bio-Informatics, Department of Multimedia Engineering, Dankook University, Yongin 16890, Republic of Korea
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Therapeutic Targeting of NF-κB in Acute Lung Injury: A Double-Edged Sword. Cells 2022; 11:cells11203317. [PMID: 36291185 PMCID: PMC9601210 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) is a devastating disease that can be caused by a variety of conditions including pneumonia, sepsis, trauma, and most recently, COVID-19. Although our understanding of the mechanisms of ALI/ARDS pathogenesis and resolution has considerably increased in recent years, the mortality rate remains unacceptably high (~40%), primarily due to the lack of effective therapies for ALI/ARDS. Dysregulated inflammation, as characterized by massive infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) into the airspace and the associated damage of the capillary-alveolar barrier leading to pulmonary edema and hypoxemia, is a major hallmark of ALI/ARDS. Endothelial cells (ECs), the inner lining of blood vessels, are important cellular orchestrators of PMN infiltration in the lung. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) plays an essential role in rendering the endothelium permissive for PMN adhesion and transmigration to reach the inflammatory site. Thus, targeting NF-κB in the endothelium provides an attractive approach to mitigate PMN-mediated vascular injury, not only in ALI/ARDS, but in other inflammatory diseases as well in which EC dysfunction is a major pathogenic mechanism. This review discusses the role and regulation of NF-κB in the context of EC inflammation and evaluates the potential and problems of targeting it as a therapy for ALI/ARDS.
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Xuan L, Hu JH, Bi R, Liu SQ, Wang CX. Andrographolide Inhibits Proliferation and Promotes Apoptosis in Bladder Cancer Cells by Interfering with NF-κB and PI3K/AKT Signaling In Vitro and In Vivo. Chin J Integr Med 2022; 28:349-356. [PMID: 35048242 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-022-3464-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the influences of andrographolide (Andro) on bladder cancer cell lines and a tumor xenograft mouse model bearing 5637 cells. METHODS For in vitro experiments, T24 cells were stimulated with Andro (0-40 µmol/L) and 5637 cells were stimulated with Andro (0 to 80 µmol/L). Cell growth, migration, and infiltration were assessed using cell counting kit-8, colony formation, wound healing, and transwell assays. Apoptosis rate was examined using flow cytometry. In in vivo study, the antitumor effect of Andro (10 mg/kg) was evaluated by 5637 tumor-bearing mice, and levels of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT related-proteins were determined by immunoblotting. RESULTS Andro suppressed growth, migration, and infiltraion of bladder cancer cells (P⩽0.05 or P⩽0.01). Additionally, Andro induced intrinsic mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in bladder cancer cell lines. Furthermore, Andro inhibited bladder cancer growth in mice (P⩽0.01). The expression of p65, p-AKT were suppressed by Andro treatment in vitro and in vivo (P⩽0.05 or P⩽0.01). CONCLUSIONS Andrographolide inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis in bladder cancer cells by interfering with NF-κB and PI3K/AKT signaling in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xuan
- Department of Urology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jing-Hai Hu
- Department of Urology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Ran Bi
- Department of Urology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Si-Qi Liu
- Department of Urology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Chun-Xi Wang
- Department of Urology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
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Essential Role of Rho-Associated Kinase in ABO Immune Complex-Mediated Endothelial Barrier Disruption. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121851. [PMID: 34944667 PMCID: PMC8698390 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
ABO immune complexes (ABO-IC) formed by ABO-incompatible antigen-antibody interaction are associated with hemolysis and platelet destruction in patients transfused with ABO-nonidentical blood products. However, the effects of ABO-IC on endothelial cells (EC) are unclear. ABO-IC were formed in vitro from normal donor-derived plasma and serum. Human pulmonary artery EC (HPAEC) were cultured and treated with media, ABO-identical and –non-identical plasma, and ABO-IC. EC barrier integrity was evaluated using transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin and phalloidin staining, and Rho-associated Kinase (ROCK) inhibitor treatment. TEER revealed significant/irreversible barrier disruption within 1–2 h of exposure to ABO non-identical plasma and ABO-IC; this occurred independently of EC ABO type. Treatment with ABO-IC resulted in decreased VE-cadherin staining and increased phalloidin staining in a time-dependent manner, suggesting that the resultant increased EC barrier permeability is secondary to actin stress fiber formation and loss of cell surface VE-cadherin. Inhibition of ROCK was effective in protecting against IC-induced barrier disruption even two hours after ABO-IC exposure. ABO-IC causes increased EC barrier permeability by decreasing cell surface VE-cadherin and promoting stress fiber formation, which is preventable by inhibiting ROCK activation to protect against EC contraction and gap formation.
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Chen X, Xie Q, Zhu Y, Xu J, Lin G, Liu S, Su Z, Lai X, Li Q, Xie J, Yang X. Cardio-protective effect of tetrahydrocurcumin, the primary hydrogenated metabolite of curcumin in vivo and in vitro: Induction of apoptosis and autophagy via PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 911:174495. [PMID: 34555398 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) is an essential metabolite of curcumin, a major active component of the Curcuma species, which have been used traditionally for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways serve a vital role during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI/R) injury. The aim of the present study was to investigate the cardioprotective potential and mechanism of THC. In the in vivo study, an animal model of MI/R was induced by coronary occlusion. Results indicated that THC (50 mg/kg/day) protected the rat hearts from MI/R-induced heart failure by increasing ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS) and decreasing left ventricular end systolic diameter (LVESD) and left ventricular end systolic volume (LVESV). THC also reduced myocardial infarct size and apoptosis. Furthermore, H9c2 cells were incubated with THC (20 μM) to explore its potential effect following exposure to hypoxia and reoxygenation (H/R). THC post-treatment significantly augmented cell viability and prevented lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release after H/R exposure. THC effectively improved antioxidant activity by increasing SOD and CAT activities and decreasing MDA level. THC also enhanced mitochondrial membrane potential, inhibited apoptotic cell death, diminished the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and cleaved caspase-3 level relative to the H/R model. In addition, THC effectively decreased Beclin1 expression and LC3 II/LC3 I ratio, but increased p62 expression, compared with the H/R model group, and decreased the formation of H/R-induced autophagosomes and autolysosomes. Furthermore, THC promoted the phosphorylation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR and induced the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) after H/R. However, these effects on H9c2 cells were notably abolished by the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and mTOR inhibitor rapamycin. In conclusion, THC effectively inhibited H/R-induced autophagy and apoptosis via, at least partially, activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways. THC might have the potential to be further developed into a potential candidate for the treatment of MI/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Qingfeng Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Ying Zhu
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, PR China
| | - Jiamin Xu
- The Second School of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Guoshu Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Shujun Liu
- The Second School of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Ziren Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China; Dongguan Institute of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, PR China
| | - Xiaoping Lai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China; Dongguan Institute of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, PR China.
| | - Qian Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jianhui Xie
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaobo Yang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou, PR China.
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Xiong F, Mao R, Zhang L, Zhao R, Tan K, Liu C, Xu J, Du G, Zhang T. CircNPHP4 in monocyte-derived small extracellular vesicles controls heterogeneous adhesion in coronary heart atherosclerotic disease. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:948. [PMID: 34650036 PMCID: PMC8516978 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04253-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs)-derived circular RNAs (circRNAs) could regulate gene expression in recipient cells, and dysregulation of sEVs-derived circRNAs has been implicated in several diseases. However, the expression and function of sEVs-derived circRNAs in coronary heart atherosclerotic disease (CAD) remain unknown. In this study, we investigated global changes in the expression patterns of circRNAs in sEVs from CAD-related monocytes and identified circNPHP4 as a significantly upregulated circRNA. Knockdown of circNPHP4 inhibited heterogeneous adhesion between monocytes and coronary artery endothelial cells and reduced ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression. Investigations of the underlying mechanisms revealed that circNPHP4 contains a functional miR-1231-binding site. Mutation of the circNPHP4-binding sites in miR-1231 abolished the interaction, as indicated by a luciferase reporter assay. Furthermore, circNPHP4 affected the expression of miR-1231 and its target gene EGFR. Overexpression of miR-1231 blocked the inhibitory effect of circNPHP4 on heterogeneous adhesion. Moreover, downregulation of miR-1231 restored heterogeneous adhesion upon inhibition by circNPHP4 silencing. Additionally, circNPHP4 overexpression was correlated with aggressive clinicopathological characteristics in CAD patients. A multivariate logistic regression model and bootstrapping validation showed that circNPHP4 overexpression had a good risk prediction capability for CAD. The decision curve analysis revealed that using the CAD nomogram that included circNPHP4 overexpression to predict the risk of CAD was beneficial. Our results suggest that sEVs-derived circNPHP4 can serve as a potential target for CAD treatments or as a potential diagnostic marker for CAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, Cadiovascular Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu Third People's hospital, Chengdu, 610031, China.
| | - Rui Mao
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Cadiovascular Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu Third People's hospital, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Ruohan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Cadiovascular Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu Third People's hospital, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Kunyue Tan
- Department of Cardiology, Cadiovascular Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu Third People's hospital, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Chunxia Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Cadiovascular Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu Third People's hospital, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - JunBo Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Cadiovascular Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu Third People's hospital, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Guanghong Du
- Geriatric Department, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, China.
| | - Tongtong Zhang
- Medical Research Center, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Second Chengdu Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, China.
- Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University & The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, 610031, China.
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Parra-Izquierdo I, Sánchez-Bayuela T, López J, Gómez C, Pérez-Riesgo E, San Román JA, Sánchez Crespo M, Yacoub M, Chester AH, García-Rodríguez C. Interferons Are Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in Sheared-Stressed Human Aortic Valve Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910605. [PMID: 34638942 PMCID: PMC8508640 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is an athero-inflammatory process. Growing evidence supports the inflammation-driven calcification model, mediated by cytokines such as interferons (IFNs) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Our goal was investigating IFNs' effects in human aortic valve endothelial cells (VEC) and the potential differences between aortic (aVEC) and ventricular (vVEC) side cells. The endothelial phenotype was analyzed by Western blot, qPCR, ELISA, monocyte adhesion, and migration assays. In mixed VEC populations, IFNs promoted the activation of signal transducers and activators of transcription-1 and nuclear factor-κB, and the subsequent up-regulation of pro-inflammatory molecules. Side-specific VEC were activated with IFN-γ and TNF-α in an orbital shaker flow system. TNF-α, but not IFN-γ, induced hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α stabilization or endothelial nitric oxide synthase downregulation. Additionally, IFN-γ inhibited TNF-α-induced migration of aVEC. Also, IFN-γ triggered cytokine secretion and adhesion molecule expression in aVEC and vVEC. Finally, aVEC were more prone to cytokine-mediated monocyte adhesion under multiaxial flow conditions as compared with uniaxial flow. In conclusion, IFNs promote inflammation and reduce TNF-α-mediated migration in human VEC. Moreover, monocyte adhesion was higher in inflamed aVEC sheared under multiaxial flow, which may be relevant to understanding the initial stages of CAVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Parra-Izquierdo
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Universidad de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain; (I.P.-I.); (T.S.-B.); (C.G.); (E.P.-R.); (M.S.C.)
| | - Tania Sánchez-Bayuela
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Universidad de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain; (I.P.-I.); (T.S.-B.); (C.G.); (E.P.-R.); (M.S.C.)
| | - Javier López
- ICICOR, Hospital Clínico Universitario, 47005 Valladolid, Spain; (J.L.); (J.A.S.R.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Gómez
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Universidad de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain; (I.P.-I.); (T.S.-B.); (C.G.); (E.P.-R.); (M.S.C.)
| | - Enrique Pérez-Riesgo
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Universidad de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain; (I.P.-I.); (T.S.-B.); (C.G.); (E.P.-R.); (M.S.C.)
| | - J. Alberto San Román
- ICICOR, Hospital Clínico Universitario, 47005 Valladolid, Spain; (J.L.); (J.A.S.R.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Sánchez Crespo
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Universidad de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain; (I.P.-I.); (T.S.-B.); (C.G.); (E.P.-R.); (M.S.C.)
| | - Magdi Yacoub
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LR, UK;
- Magdi Yacoub Institute, Harefield UB9 6JH, UK
| | - Adrian H. Chester
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LR, UK;
- Magdi Yacoub Institute, Harefield UB9 6JH, UK
- Correspondence: (A.H.C.); (C.G.-R.); Tel.: +44-(0)1895-760732 (A.H.C.); +34-983-184841 (C.G.-R.)
| | - Carmen García-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Universidad de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain; (I.P.-I.); (T.S.-B.); (C.G.); (E.P.-R.); (M.S.C.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.H.C.); (C.G.-R.); Tel.: +44-(0)1895-760732 (A.H.C.); +34-983-184841 (C.G.-R.)
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Wang J, Sun L, Nie Y, Duan S, Zhang T, Wang W, Ye RD, Hou S, Qian F. Protein Kinase C δ (PKCδ) Attenuates Bleomycin Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis via Inhibiting NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Front Physiol 2020; 11:367. [PMID: 32390869 PMCID: PMC7188947 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive and lethal interstitial lung disease characterized by consistent pulmonary inflammation. Although protein kinase C delta (PKCδ) is involved in broad scope cellular response, the role of PKCδ in IPF is complicated and has not been fully defined yet. Here, we reported that PKCδ deficiency (PKCδ-/-) aggravated bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis and inflammation. Upon challenge with BLM, the pulmonary capillary permeability, immune cell infiltration, inflammatory cytokine production, and collagen deposition were enhanced in PKCδ-/- mice compared to that in PKCδ+/+ mice. In response to poly(I:C) stimulation, PKCδ deficient macrophages displayed an increased production of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-33, which were associated with an enhanced NF-κB activation. Furthermore, we found that PKCδ could directly bind to and phosphorylate A20, an inhibitory protein of NF-κB signal. These results suggested that PKCδ may inhibit the NF-κB signaling pathway via enhancing the stability and activity of A20, which in turn attenuates pulmonary fibrosis, suggesting that PKCδ is a promising target for treating pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunjuan Nie
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Shixin Duan
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- College of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Richard D Ye
- School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shangwei Hou
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Qian
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
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Yang S, Ma C, Wu H, Zhang H, Yuan F, Yang G, Yang Q, Jia L, Liang Z, Kang L. Tectorigenin attenuates diabetic nephropathy by improving vascular endothelium dysfunction through activating AdipoR1/2 pathway. Pharmacol Res 2020; 153:104678. [PMID: 32014572 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN), a kind of microvascular complication, is a primary cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide. However, therapeutic drugs for DN treatment are still in lack. The glomerular endothelium is essential to maintain selective permeability of glomerular filtration barrier and glomerular vasculature function. Growing evidences show that endothelial dysfunction or injury is the initial stage of vascular damage in DN, which can be induced by hyperglycemia, lipotoxicity, and inflammation. Therefore, to improve the function of vascular endothelium in kidney is a key point for treatment of DN. As a plant isoflavone, tectorigenin (TEC) has attracted considerable attention due to its anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory functions. However, whether TEC could inhibit the DN development remains unknown. In this study, we examined the effects of TEC on DN development in db/db mice, a type of genetic defect diabetic mice that can spontaneously develop into severe renal dysfunction. Intriguingly, TEC treatment restored diabetes-induced glucose and lipid metabolic disorder; and improved the deterioration of renal function, particularly the renal endothelium function in db/db mice. Additionally, TEC inhibited the renal inflammation via reducing macrophages infiltration and M1 polarization. Moreover, TEC inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endothelial injury and M1 polarization in vitro. Mechanistically, TEC partially restored the reduction in expression of adiponectin receptor 1/2 (AdipoR1/2), pi-LKB1, pi-AMPKα, and PPARα in vitro and in vivo. Noteworthy, these beneficial pharmacological activities mediated by TEC were significantly attenuated after AdipoR1/2 knockdown by siRNA, indicating that AdipoR1/2 plays a critical role in protection against DN. Collectively, these results suggested that TEC have a potently effect for retarding type 2 diabetes-associated DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The 2nd Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chuanrui Ma
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, China
| | - Han Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, The 2nd Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China; Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Health Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, China
| | - Fengyi Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, The 2nd Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guangyan Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The 2nd Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The 2nd Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lijing Jia
- Department of Endocrinology, The 2nd Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Zhen Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, The 2nd Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Lin Kang
- Department of Endocrinology, The 2nd Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
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Relationship Between mTOR Signaling Activation and Postoperative Neurocognitive Disorder in Aged Rats. Cogn Behav Neurol 2019; 32:193-200. [PMID: 31517703 DOI: 10.1097/wnn.0000000000000205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although incidence rates of postoperative neurocognitive disorder (PND) in aged individuals following noncardiac major surgery are rising as individuals are living longer, the mechanism of PND remains poorly understood. We wondered if mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling might be associated with PND since mTOR controls some essential intracellular events. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether surgery activates the mTOR signaling pathway in aged rats, leading to PND, and whether the mTOR inhibitor, rapamycin, can be used to alleviate PND. METHODS We randomly assigned aged rats to four groups: normal control (C), isoflurane (I), surgery (S), and rapamycin (R). Then, we anesthetized Groups I, S, and R, following which, Groups S and R underwent a splenectomy. After surgery, Group R was administered rapamycin. We used the Morris water maze to test the rats' spatial learning and memory after surgery. RESULTS In Group S, escape latency (ie, the time to find the platform) was markedly higher, and the ratio of swimming time in the target quadrant was lower, compared to the other groups. In Group R, escape latency was markedly lower as compared with Group S, and the ratio of swimming time in the target quadrant was higher. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that an altered mTOR signaling pathway after a splenectomy causes PND in aged rats, which can be alleviated by rapamycin.
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Leonard A, Millar MW, Slavin SA, Bijli KM, Dionisio Santos DA, Dean DA, Fazal F, Rahman A. Critical role of autophagy regulator Beclin1 in endothelial cell inflammation and barrier disruption. Cell Signal 2019; 61:120-129. [PMID: 31054328 PMCID: PMC6685427 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have implicated autophagy in several inflammatory diseases involving aberrant endothelial cell (EC) responses, such as acute lung injury (ALI). However, the mechanistic basis for a role of autophagy in EC inflammation and permeability remain poorly understood. In this study, we impaired autophagy by silencing the essential Beclin1 autophagy gene in human pulmonary artery EC. This resulted in reduced expression of proinflammatory genes in response to thrombin, a procoagulant and proinflammatory mediator whose concentration is elevated in many diseases including sepsis and ALI. These (Beclin1-depleted) cells also displayed a marked decrease in NF-κB activity secondary to impaired DNA binding of RelA/p65 in the nucleus, but exhibited normal IκBα degradation in the cytosol. Further analysis showed that Beclin1 knockdown was associated with impaired RelA/p65 translocation to the nucleus. Additionally, Beclin1 knockdown attenuated thrombin-induced phosphorylation of RelA/p65 at Ser536, a critical event necessary for the transcriptional activity of RelA/p65. Beclin1 silencing also protected against thrombin-induced EC barrier disruption by preventing the loss of VE-cadherin at adherens junctions. Moreover, Beclin1 knockdown reduced thrombin-induced phosphorylation/inactivation of actin depolymerizing protein Cofilin1 and thereby actin stress fiber formation required for EC permeability as well as RelA/p65 nuclear translocation. Together, these data identify Beclin1 as a novel mechanistic link between autophagy and EC dysfunction (inflammation and permeability).
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony Leonard
- Department of Pediatrics, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, United States of America
| | - Michelle Warren Millar
- Department of Pediatrics, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, United States of America
| | - Spencer A Slavin
- Department of Pediatrics, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, United States of America
| | - Kaiser M Bijli
- Department of Pediatrics, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, United States of America
| | - Dawling A Dionisio Santos
- Department of Pediatrics, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, United States of America
| | - David A Dean
- Department of Pediatrics, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, United States of America
| | - Fabeha Fazal
- Department of Pediatrics, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, United States of America
| | - Arshad Rahman
- Department of Pediatrics, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, United States of America.
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Huang BR, Bau DT, Chen TS, Chuang IC, Tsai CF, Chang PC, Hsu HC, Lu DY. Pro-Inflammatory Stimuli Influence Expression of Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 in Human Anulus Fibrosus Cells through FAK/ERK/GSK3 and PKCδ Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:ijms20010077. [PMID: 30585203 PMCID: PMC6337379 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration and disc herniation are major causes of lower back pain, which involve the presence of inflammatory mediators and tissue invasion by immune cells. Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1, also termed CD54) is an adhesion molecule that mediates cell-cell interactions, particularly between immune cells and target tissue. The aim of this study was to examine the intracellular signaling pathways involved in inflammatory stimuli-induced ICAM1 expression in human anulus fibrosus (AF) cells. METHODS Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), western blotting, and flow cytometry were performed to dissect the roles of different signaling pathways in inflammatory stimuli-mediated ICAM1 expression. RESULTS Using qPCR and western blot analyses, a significant increase in ICAM1 expression was observed in AF cells after stimulation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus interferon-gamma (IFNγ) in a time-dependent manner. Flow cytometry revealed ICAM1 upregulation on the surface of AF cells. Importantly, LPS plus IFNγ treatment also significantly promoted Chemokine ligand (CCL)2 expression, but not CCL3. The enhanced ICAM1 expression was abolished after incubation with antibody against CCL2. In AF cells, treatment with LPS plus IFNγ activated the FAK/ERK/GSK3 signaling pathways, promoted a time-dependent increase in PKCδ phosphorylation, and promoted PKCδ translocation to the nucleus. Treatment with the pharmacological PKCδ inhibitor; rottlerin, effectively blocked the enhanced productions of ICAM1 and CCL2. CONCLUSIONS Inflammatory stimuli in AF cells are part of a specific pathophysiology in IVD degeneration and disc herniation that modulates CCL2/ICAM1 activation through the FAK/ERK/GSK3 and PKCδ signaling pathways in AF cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bor-Ren Huang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
- Neurosurgery Department, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 42743, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97002, Taiwan.
| | - Da-Tian Bau
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Tzu-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pathology, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 42743, Taiwan.
| | - I-Chen Chuang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Fang Tsai
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Chun Chang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
| | - Horng-Chaung Hsu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Dah-Yuu Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
- Department of Photonics and Communication Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
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14
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Fan J, Ray P, Lu Y, Kaur G, Schwarz JJ, Wan LQ. Cell chirality regulates intercellular junctions and endothelial permeability. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaat2111. [PMID: 30397640 PMCID: PMC6200360 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aat2111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cell chirality is a newly discovered intrinsic property of the cell, reflecting the bias of the cell to polarize in the left-right axis. Despite increasing evidence on its substantial role in the asymmetric development of embryos, little is known about implications of cell chirality in physiology and disease. We demonstrate that cell chirality accounts for the nonmonotonic, dose-response relationship between endothelial permeability and protein kinase C (PKC) activation. The permeability of the endothelial cell layer is tightly controlled in our body, and dysregulation often leads to tissue inflammation and diseases. Our results show that low-level PKC activation is sufficient to reverse cell chirality through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT signaling and alters junctional protein organization between cells with opposite chirality, leading to an unexpected substantial change in endothelial permeability. Our findings suggest that cell chirality regulates intercellular junctions in important ways, providing new opportunities for drug delivery across tightly connected semipermeable cellular sheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Poulomi Ray
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Yaowei Lu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Gurleen Kaur
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - John J. Schwarz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Leo Q. Wan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
- Center for Modeling, Simulation and Imaging in Medicine, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
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15
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Zou W, Ding F, Niu C, Fu Z, Liu S. Brg1 aggravates airway inflammation in asthma via inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:3212-3218. [PMID: 30149919 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.08.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is thought to be closely associated with airway inflammation and is regulated by various upstream proteins. Brahma-related gene 1 (Brg1) plays an important role in chromatin remodeling and facilitates recruitment of essential transcription factors, leading to regulation of gene expression. Thus, the present study aimed at evaluating the anti-inflammatory role of Brg1 on house dust mite (HDM)-induced asthma through regulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. The Brgfl/fl mice were crossbred with the SFTPC-Cre mice to generate bronchial epithelial cell specific Brg1 knockout mice, and LY294002 was used to inhibit PI3K. Western blot, immunofluorescence, immunoprecipitation, and immunohistochemical staining were used to detect the expression of proteins. An increase in Brg1 and a decrease in the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway activity were detected in asthmatic mice, but not in control mice. When Brg1 was knocked out, the asthma severity was ameliorated and the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway was activated. However, this protective effect could be suppressed by LY294002. Additionally, we observed that Brg1 was co-localized and co-immunoprecipitated with PI3K, using immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation assays. Our results suggest that Brg1 might play an essential role in maintaining airway inflammation and affect the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zou
- Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Medical University, Number. 136, Zhong Shan 2nd Road, Yuzhong District, 400014, Chongqing, China
| | - Fengxia Ding
- Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Medical University, Number. 136, Zhong Shan 2nd Road, Yuzhong District, 400014, Chongqing, China
| | - Chao Niu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Number. 136, Zhong Shan 2nd Road, Yuzhong District, 400014, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhou Fu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Number. 136, Zhong Shan 2nd Road, Yuzhong District, 400014, Chongqing, China
| | - Sha Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Number. 136, Zhong Shan 2nd Road, Yuzhong District, 400014, Chongqing, China.
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16
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Ribeiro MC, Peruchetti DB, Silva LS, Silva-Filho JL, Souza MC, Henriques MDG, Caruso-Neves C, Pinheiro AAS. LPS Induces mTORC1 and mTORC2 Activation During Monocyte Adhesion. Front Mol Biosci 2018; 5:67. [PMID: 30073169 PMCID: PMC6058081 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2018.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocyte adhesion is a crucial step in transmigration and can be induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Here, we studied the role of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2, and PKC in this process. We used THP-1 cells, a human monocytic cell line, to investigate monocyte adhesion under static and flow conditions. We observed that 1.0 μg/mL LPS increased PI3K/mTORC2 pathway and PKC activity after 1 h of incubation. WYE-354 10−6 M (mTORC2/mTORC1 inhibitor) and 10−6 M wortmannin avoided monocyte adhesion in culture plates. In addition, WYE also blocked LPS-induced CD11a expression. Interestingly, rapamycin and WYE-354 blocked both LPS-induced monocyte adhesion in a cell monolayer and actin cytoskeleton rearrangement, confirming mTORC1 involvement in this process. Once activated, PKC activates mTORC1/S6K pathway in a similar effect observed to LPS. Activation of the mTORC1/S6K pathway was attenuated by 10−6 M U0126, an MEK/ERK inhibitor, and 10−6 M calphostin C, a PKC inhibitor, indicating that the MEK/ERK/TSC2 axis acts as a mediator. In agreement, 80 nM PMA (a PKC activator) mimicked the effect of LPS on the activation of the MEK/ERK/TSC2/mTORC1/S6K pathway, monocyte adhesion to ECV cells and actin cytoskeleton rearrangement. Our findings show that LPS induces activation of mTOR complexes. This signaling pathway led to integrin expression and cytoskeleton rearrangement resulting in monocyte adhesion. These results describe a new molecular mechanism involved in monocyte adhesion in immune-based diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelle C Ribeiro
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Diogo B Peruchetti
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leandro S Silva
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - João L Silva-Filho
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariana C Souza
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Celso Caruso-Neves
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Medicina Regenerativa, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Acacia S Pinheiro
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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17
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Slavin SA, Leonard A, Grose V, Fazal F, Rahman A. Autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine protects against endothelial cell barrier dysfunction in acute lung injury. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 314:L388-L396. [PMID: 29074492 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00555.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved cellular process that facilitates the continuous recycling of intracellular components (organelles and proteins) and provides an alternative source of energy when nutrients are scarce. Recent studies have implicated autophagy in many disorders, including pulmonary diseases. However, the role of autophagy in endothelial cell (EC) barrier dysfunction and its relevance in the context of acute lung injury (ALI) remain uncertain. Here, we provide evidence that autophagy is a critical component of EC barrier disruption in ALI. Using an aerosolized bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inhalation mouse model of ALI, we found that administration of the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA), either prophylactically or therapeutically, markedly reduced lung vascular leakage and tissue edema. 3-MA was also effective in reducing the levels of proinflammatory mediators and lung neutrophil sequestration induced by LPS. To test the possibility that autophagy in EC could contribute to lung vascular injury, we addressed its role in the mechanism of EC barrier disruption. Knockdown of ATG5, an essential regulator of autophagy, attenuated thrombin-induced EC barrier disruption, confirming the involvement of autophagy in the response. Similarly, exposure of cells to 3-MA, either before or after thrombin, protected against EC barrier dysfunction by inhibiting the cleavage and loss of vascular endothelial cadherin at adherens junctions, as well as formation of actin stress fibers. 3-MA also reversed LPS-induced EC barrier disruption. Together, these data imply a role of autophagy in lung vascular injury and reveal the protective and therapeutic utility of 3-MA against ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer A Slavin
- Department of Pediatrics (Neonatology), Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry , Rochester, New York
| | - Antony Leonard
- Department of Pediatrics (Neonatology), Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry , Rochester, New York
| | - Valerie Grose
- Department of Pediatrics (Neonatology), Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry , Rochester, New York
| | - Fabeha Fazal
- Department of Pediatrics (Neonatology), Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry , Rochester, New York
| | - Arshad Rahman
- Department of Pediatrics (Neonatology), Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry , Rochester, New York
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Li X, Chen W, Li P, Wei J, Cheng Y, Liu P, Yan Q, Xu X, Cui Y, Gu Z, Simoncini T, Fu X. Follicular Stimulating Hormone Accelerates Atherogenesis by Increasing Endothelial VCAM-1 Expression. Theranostics 2017; 7:4671-4688. [PMID: 29187895 PMCID: PMC5706091 DOI: 10.7150/thno.21216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Postmenopausal atherosclerosis (AS) has for decades been attributed to estrogen deficiency. Although the follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) levels rise sharply in parallel, the direct effect of FSH on AS has never been investigated. In this study, we explored the possible role of FSH in the development of AS. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study of 48 healthy premenopausal and 15 postmenopausal women. ApoE knockout mice were used as atherosclerosis model and human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured as cell model. Serum hormones and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) levels were measured. Real-time PCR, histology for atherosclerotic lesions, immunofluorescence, luciferase assay, transfection experiments, flow chamber adhesion assay and western blot were performed. Results: In ApoE knockout mice, administration of FSH increased the atherosclerotic lesions and serum VCAM-1 concentration. Importantly, in blood samples of postmenopausal women, we detected significantly higher levels of FSH and VCAM-1 compared with those from premenopausal women, and there was a positive correlation between these two molecules. In cultured HUVECs, FSH receptor (FSHR) mRNA and protein expression were detected and FSH enhanced VCAM-1 expression. This effect was mediated by the activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), which was sequentially enhanced by the activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR cascade. FSH first enhanced GαS activity resulting in elevated cAMP level and PKA activity, which relayed the signals from FSHR to the PI3K/Akt/mTOR cascade. Furthermore, FSHR was detected in endothelial caveolae fraction and interacted with caveolin-1 and GαS. The disruption of caveolae or the silencing of caveolin-1 blocked FSH effects on signaling activation and VCAM-1 expression, suggesting the existence of a functional signaling module in membrane caveolae. Finally, FSH increased human monocyte adhesion to HUVECs which was reversed by the VCAM-1 neutralizing antibody. Conclusion: FSHR was located in the membrane caveolae of HUVECs and FSH promoted VCAM-1 expression via FSHR/GαS /cAMP/PKA and PI3K/Akt/mTOR/NF-κB pathway. This may contribute to the deleterious role of FSH in the development of AS in postmenopausal women.
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19
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Später T, Müller I, Eichler H, Menger MD, Laschke MW, Ampofo E. Dual inhibition of PI3K and mTOR by VS-5584 suppresses thrombus formation. Platelets 2017; 29:277-287. [PMID: 28503993 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2017.1306040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
VS-5584 is a highly selective dual kinase inhibitor which suppresses phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity. Because these kinases are crucially involved in primary hemostasis, we herein investigated the effect of this compound on thrombus formation in vitro and in vivo. Pretreatment of washed platelets (WP) or platelet-rich plasma (PRP) with VS-5584 inhibited the agonist-induced activation of surface glycoprotein complex (GP)IIb/IIIa and the upregulation of P-selectin. This was associated with a significantly reduced formation of platelet-leukocyte aggregates (PLA). VS-5584 further attenuated platelet aggregation and adhesion after agonist stimulation. In contrast, endothelial expression of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and vascular cellular adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 and secretion of von Willebrand Factor (vWF) were not affected by the dual kinase inhibitor. In vivo, VS-5584 inhibited photochemically induced thrombus formation as shown by a significantly prolonged time to complete vessel occlusion when compared to vehicle-treated controls. This was associated with an elevated tail vein bleeding time, indicating a potential hemorrhagic risk in VS-5584-treated mice. Taken together, these novel findings demonstrate that VS-5584 is a potent inhibitor of primary hemostasis targeting multiple platelet functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Später
- a Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery , Saarland University , Homburg/Saar , Germany
| | - Isabelle Müller
- b Institute for Hemostasiology & Transfusion Medicine , Saarland University , Homburg/Saar , Germany
| | - Hermann Eichler
- b Institute for Hemostasiology & Transfusion Medicine , Saarland University , Homburg/Saar , Germany
| | - Michael D Menger
- a Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery , Saarland University , Homburg/Saar , Germany
| | - Matthias W Laschke
- a Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery , Saarland University , Homburg/Saar , Germany
| | - Emmanuel Ampofo
- a Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery , Saarland University , Homburg/Saar , Germany
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20
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Kwon KM, Chung TW, Kwak CH, Choi HJ, Kim KW, Ha SH, Cho SH, Lee YC, Ha KT, Lee MJ, Kim CH. Disialyl GD2 ganglioside suppresses ICAM-1-mediated invasiveness in human breast cancer MDA-MB231 cells. Int J Biol Sci 2017; 13:265-275. [PMID: 28367091 PMCID: PMC5370434 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.16903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The disialoganglioside GD3 has been considered to be involved in tumor progression or suppression in various tumor cells. However, the significance of the biological functions of GD3 in breast cancer cells is still controversial. This prompted us to study the possible relationship(s) between GD3 expression and the metastatic potential of a breast cancer MDA-MB231 cells as an estrogen receptor negative (ER-) type. The human GD3 synthase cDNA was transfected into MDA-MB231 cells, and G-418 bulk selection was used to select cells stably overexpressing the GD3 synthase. In vitro invasion potentials of the GD3 synthase over-expressing cells (pc3-GD3s) were significantly suppressed when compared with control cells. Expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1; CD54) was down-regulated in the pc3-GD3s cells and the decrease in ICAM-I expression is directly related to the decrease in invasiveness of the pc3-GD3s cells. Another type of ER negative SK-BR3 cells exhibited the similar level of ICAM-1 expression as MDA-MB231 cells, while the ER positive MCF-7 cells (ER+) showed the increased expression level of ICAM-1. Then, we investigated signaling pathways known to control ICAM-1 expression. No difference was observed in the phosphorylation of ERK and p38 between the pc3-GD3s and control cells (pc3), but the activation of AKT was inhibited in pc3-GD3s, and not in the control (pc3). In addition, the composition of total gangliosides was changed between control (pc3) and pc3-GD3s cells, as confirmed by HPTLC. The pc3-GD3s cells had an accumulation of the GD2 instead of the GD3. RT-PCR results showed that not only GD3 synthase, but also GM2/GD2 synthase (β4-GalNc T) expression was increased in pc3-GD3s cells. Overexpression of GD3 synthase suppresses the invasive potential of human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells through down-regulation of ICAM-1 and the crucial pathway to allow the apoptotic effect has been attributed to accumulation of the GD2 ganglioside. ER has been linked to the ICAM-1 expression with GD3 to GD2 conversion in human breast cancer cells. This is the first finding of the endogenous sialyltransferase functions in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Min Kwon
- Molecular and Cellular Glycobiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoburo 2066, Jangan-Gu, Suwon, Gyunggi-Do, 16419, Korea;; Research Institute, Davinch-K Co., Ltd., B1603-3, 606, Seobusaet-gil, Geumcheon-gu, Seoul 153-719, Korea
| | - Tae-Wook Chung
- Division of Applied Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan City, Gyeongsangnam-Do, Korea
| | - Choong-Hwan Kwak
- Molecular and Cellular Glycobiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoburo 2066, Jangan-Gu, Suwon, Gyunggi-Do, 16419, Korea
| | - Hee-Jung Choi
- Division of Applied Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan City, Gyeongsangnam-Do, Korea
| | - Kyung-Woon Kim
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Korea
| | - Sun-Hyung Ha
- Molecular and Cellular Glycobiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoburo 2066, Jangan-Gu, Suwon, Gyunggi-Do, 16419, Korea
| | - Seung-Hak Cho
- Division of Enteric Diseases, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju 363-951, Korea
| | - Young-Choon Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Dong-A University, Busan 604-714, Korea
| | - Ki-Tae Ha
- Division of Applied Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan City, Gyeongsangnam-Do, Korea
| | - Moon-Jo Lee
- Department of Herb Science, Dong-Eui Institute of Technology, 54, Yangji-ro, Busanjin-Gu, Busan 47230, Korea
| | - Cheorl-Ho Kim
- Molecular and Cellular Glycobiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoburo 2066, Jangan-Gu, Suwon, Gyunggi-Do, 16419, Korea;; Department of Medical Device Management and Research, Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Science and Technology (SAIHST), Seoul 06351, Korea
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21
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Haller ST, Yan Y, Drummond CA, Xie J, Tian J, Kennedy DJ, Shilova VY, Xie Z, Liu J, Cooper CJ, Malhotra D, Shapiro JI, Fedorova OV, Bagrov AY. Rapamycin Attenuates Cardiac Fibrosis in Experimental Uremic Cardiomyopathy by Reducing Marinobufagenin Levels and Inhibiting Downstream Pro-Fibrotic Signaling. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:JAHA.116.004106. [PMID: 27694325 PMCID: PMC5121507 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.004106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental uremic cardiomyopathy causes cardiac fibrosis and is causally related to the increased circulating levels of the cardiotonic steroid, marinobufagenin (MBG), which signals through Na/K-ATPase. Rapamycin is an inhibitor of the serine/threonine kinase mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) implicated in the progression of many different forms of renal disease. Given that Na/K-ATPase signaling is known to stimulate the mTOR system, we speculated that the ameliorative effects of rapamycin might influence this pathway. METHODS AND RESULTS Biosynthesis of MBG by cultured human JEG-3 cells is initiated by CYP27A1, which is also a target for rapamycin. It was demonstrated that 1 μmol/L of rapamycin inhibited production of MBG in human JEG-2 cells. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to either partial nephrectomy (PNx), infusion of MBG, and/or infusion of rapamycin through osmotic minipumps. PNx animals showed marked increase in plasma MBG levels (1025±60 vs 377±53 pmol/L; P<0.01), systolic blood pressure (169±1 vs 111±1 mm Hg; P<0.01), and cardiac fibrosis compared to controls. Plasma MBG levels were significantly decreased in PNx-rapamycin animals compared to PNx (373±46 vs 1025±60 pmol/L; P<0.01), and cardiac fibrosis was substantially attenuated by rapamycin treatment. CONCLUSIONS Rapamycin treatment in combination with MBG infusion significantly attenuated cardiac fibrosis. Our results suggest that rapamycin may have a dual effect on cardiac fibrosis through (1) mTOR inhibition and (2) inhibiting MBG-mediated profibrotic signaling and provide support for beneficial effect of a novel therapy for uremic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven T Haller
- University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH
| | - Yanling Yan
- Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV
| | | | - Joe Xie
- University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH
| | - Jiang Tian
- University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH
| | - David J Kennedy
- University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH
| | - Victoria Y Shilova
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD
| | - Zijian Xie
- Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV
| | - Jiang Liu
- Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV
| | | | - Deepak Malhotra
- University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH
| | - Joseph I Shapiro
- Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV
| | - Olga V Fedorova
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD
| | - Alexei Y Bagrov
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD
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22
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Ryu JM, Lee SH, Seong JK, Han HJ. Glutamine contributes to maintenance of mouse embryonic stem cell self-renewal through PKC-dependent downregulation of HDAC1 and DNMT1/3a. Cell Cycle 2016; 14:3292-305. [PMID: 26375799 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1087620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Although glutamine (Gln) is not an essential amino acid, it is considered a critical substrate in many key metabolic processes that control a variety of physiological functions and are involved in regulating early embryonic development. Thus, we investigated the effect of Gln on regulation of mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) self-renewal and related signaling pathways. Gln deprivation decreased Oct4 expression as well as expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins. However, Gln treatment retained the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins and the Oct4 in mESCs, which were blocked by compound 968 (a glutaminase inhibitor). In addition, Gln stimulated PI3K/Akt pathway, which subsequently elicited PKCϵ translocation to membrane without an influx of intracellular Ca(2+). Inhibition of Akt and PKC blocked Gln-induced Oct4 expression and proliferation. Gln also stimulated mTOR phosphorylation in a time-dependent manner, which abolished by PKC inhibition. Furthermore, Gln increased the cellular population of both Oct4 and bromodeoxyuridine positive cells, suggesting that Gln regulates self-renewal ability of mESCs. Gln induced a decrease in HDAC1, but not in HDAC2, which were blocked by PKC inhibitors. Gln treatment resulted in an increase in global histone acetylation and methylation. In addition, Gln significantly reduced methylation of the Oct4 promoter region through decrease in DNMT1 and DNMT3a expression, which were blocked by PKC and HDAC inhibitors. In conclusion, Gln stimulates mESC proliferation and maintains mESC undifferentiation status through transcription regulation via the Akt, PKCϵ, and mTOR signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Min Ryu
- a Department of Veterinary Physiology ; College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University ; Seoul , Korea
| | - Sang Hun Lee
- b Medical Science Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital ; Seoul , Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- c BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University ; Seoul , Korea.,d Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology ; Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University ; Seoul , Korea
| | - Ho Jae Han
- a Department of Veterinary Physiology ; College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University ; Seoul , Korea.,c BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University ; Seoul , Korea
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Dexmedetomidine protects against lung ischemia-reperfusion injury by the PI3K/Akt/HIF-1α signaling pathway. J Anesth 2016; 30:826-33. [PMID: 27412350 DOI: 10.1007/s00540-016-2214-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the role of the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) signaling pathway in the protection by dexmedetomidine against lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in rats. METHODS Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250-350 g were randomly divided into six groups (n = 8 each group): sham group, IRI group, low-dose dexmedetomidine group (LD group), high-dose dexmedetomidine group (HD group), combined low-dose dexmedetomidine and LY294002 group (LDL group), and combined high-dose dexmedetomidine and LY294002 group (HDL group). A 30-min ischemia was induced by occluding the hilum of the left lung, followed by a 120-min reperfusion by removing occlusion of the hilum. After the left lung was removed, the wet/dry weight ratio (W/D) of the lung tissues was determined. Pathological changes of lung tissues were evaluated by light and electron microscopes and the expression of p-Akt and HIF-1α in the lung tissues was determined by western blotting. RESULTS Compared with the sham group, both the W/D ratio and lung injury were significantly increased, the p-Akt expression was down-regulated and HIF-1α expression was up-regulated in the five experimental groups. Compared with the LD and LDL groups, both the W/D ratio and lung injury were decreased, but the expression of p-Akt and HIF-1α was increased in the HD and HDL groups. CONCLUSIONS Administration of dexmedetomidine before ischemia can provide a protection against lung IRI by re-installing the PI3K/Akt/HIF-1α signaling pathway.
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24
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Bijli KM, Fazal F, Slavin SA, Leonard A, Grose V, Alexander WB, Smrcka AV, Rahman A. Phospholipase C-ε signaling mediates endothelial cell inflammation and barrier disruption in acute lung injury. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 311:L517-24. [PMID: 27371732 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00069.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase C-ε (PLC-ε) is a unique PLC isoform that can be regulated by multiple signaling inputs from both Ras family GTPases and heterotrimeric G proteins and has primary sites of expression in the heart and lung. Whereas the role of PLC-ε in cardiac function and pathology has been documented, its relevance in acute lung injury (ALI) is unclear. We used PLC-ε(-/-) mice to address the role of PLC-ε in regulating lung vascular inflammation and injury in an aerosolized bacterial LPS inhalation mouse model of ALI. PLC-ε(-/-) mice showed a marked decrease in LPS-induced proinflammatory mediators (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, macrophage inflammatory protein 2, keratinocyte-derived cytokine, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor), lung neutrophil infiltration and microvascular leakage, and loss of VE-cadherin compared with PLC-ε(+/+) mice. These data identify PLC-ε as a critical determinant of proinflammatory and leaky phenotype of the lung. To test the possibility that PLC-ε activity in endothelial cells (EC) could contribute to ALI, we determined its role in EC inflammation and barrier disruption. RNAi knockdown of PLC-ε inhibited NF-κB activity in response to diverse proinflammatory stimuli, thrombin, LPS, TNF-α, and the nonreceptor agonist phorbol 13-myristate 12-acetate (phorbol esters) in EC. Depletion of PLC-ε also inhibited thrombin-induced expression of NF-κB target gene, VCAM-1. Importantly, PLC-ε knockdown also protected against thrombin-induced EC barrier disruption by inhibiting the loss of VE-cadherin at adherens junctions and formation of actin stress fibers. These data identify PLC-ε as a novel regulator of EC inflammation and permeability and show a hitherto unknown role of PLC-ε in the pathogenesis of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiser M Bijli
- Department of Pediatrics, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Fabeha Fazal
- Department of Pediatrics, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Spencer A Slavin
- Department of Pediatrics, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Antony Leonard
- Department of Pediatrics, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Valerie Grose
- Department of Pediatrics, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - William B Alexander
- Department of Pediatrics, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Alan V Smrcka
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Arshad Rahman
- Department of Pediatrics, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York;
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25
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Leucine-enriched essential amino acids attenuate inflammation in rat muscle and enhance muscle repair after eccentric contraction. Amino Acids 2016; 48:2145-55. [PMID: 27168073 PMCID: PMC4989025 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2240-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Eccentric exercise results in prolonged muscle damage that may lead to muscle dysfunction. Although inflammation is essential to recover from muscle damage, excessive inflammation may also induce secondary damage, and should thus be suppressed. In this study, we investigated the effect of leucine-enriched essential amino acids on muscle inflammation and recovery after eccentric contraction. These amino acids are known to stimulate muscle protein synthesis via mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), which, is also considered to alleviate inflammation. Five sets of 10 eccentric contractions were induced by electrical stimulation in the tibialis anterior muscle of male SpragueDawley rats (8–9 weeks old) under anesthesia. Animals received a 1 g/kg dose of a mixture containing 40 % leucine and 60 % other essential amino acids or distilled water once a day throughout the experiment. Muscle dysfunction was assessed based on isometric dorsiflexion torque, while inflammation was evaluated by histochemistry. Gene expression of inflammatory cytokines and myogenic regulatory factors was also measured. We found that leucine-enriched essential amino acids restored full muscle function within 14 days, at which point rats treated with distilled water had not fully recovered. Indeed, muscle function was stronger 3 days after eccentric contraction in rats treated with amino acids than in those treated with distilled water. The amino acid mix also alleviated expression of interleukin-6 and impeded infiltration of inflammatory cells into muscle, but did not suppress expression of myogenic regulatory factors. These results suggest that leucine-enriched amino acids accelerate recovery from muscle damage by preventing excessive inflammation.
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26
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Solleti SK, Srisuma S, Bhattacharya S, Rangel-Moreno J, Bijli KM, Randall TD, Rahman A, Mariani TJ. Serpine2 deficiency results in lung lymphocyte accumulation and bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue formation. FASEB J 2016; 30:2615-26. [PMID: 27059719 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201500159r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Serine proteinase inhibitor, clade E, member 2 (SERPINE2), is a cell- and extracellular matrix-associated inhibitor of thrombin. Although SERPINE2 is a candidate susceptibility gene for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the physiologic role of this protease inhibitor in lung development and homeostasis is unknown. We observed spontaneous monocytic-cell infiltration in the lungs of Serpine2-deficient (SE2(-/-)) mice, beginning at or before the time of lung maturity, which resulted in lesions that resembled bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT). The initiation of lymphocyte accumulation in the lungs of SE2(-/-) mice involved the excessive expression of chemokines, cytokines, and adhesion molecules that are essential for BALT induction, organization, and maintenance. BALT-like lesion formation in the lungs of SE2(-/-) mice was also associated with a significant increase in the activation of thrombin, a recognized target of SE2, and excess stimulation of NF-κB, a major regulator of chemokine expression and inflammation. Finally, systemic delivery of thrombin rapidly stimulated lung chemokine expression in vivo These data uncover a novel mechanism whereby loss of serine protease inhibition leads to lung lymphocyte accumulation.-Solleti, S. K., Srisuma, S., Bhattacharya, S., Rangel-Moreno, J., Bijli, K. M., Randall, T. D., Rahman, A., Mariani, T. J. Serpine2 deficiency results in lung lymphocyte accumulation and bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Kumar Solleti
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Sorachai Srisuma
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Soumyaroop Bhattacharya
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Javier Rangel-Moreno
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Kaiser M Bijli
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Emory University/Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Troy D Randall
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA; Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Arshad Rahman
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Thomas J Mariani
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA;
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27
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Han X, Wang Y, Chen H, Zhang J, Xu C, Li J, Li M. Enhancement of ICAM-1 via the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in a rat model of severe acute pancreatitis-associated lung injury. Exp Ther Med 2016; 11:788-796. [PMID: 26997994 PMCID: PMC4774378 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.2988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI), which is associated with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), results from damage to the pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs), which in turn leads to high levels of inflammatory cytokines that destroy PMVECs. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying SAP-associated ALI (SAP-ALI) are currently not well understood. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) has been implicated in the persistent migration and accumulation of neutrophils and macrophages, which in turn has been associated with the increased permeability of microvascular endothelial cells. Signal transduction via the Janus kinase-2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) transcription factors has been shown to be involved in inflammation. The present study aimed to investigate the expression levels of ICAM-1 and JAK2/STAT3 signaling components in a rat model of SAP-ALI. SAP was induced in the rat model, and dexamethasone (DEX) was administered to the treatment group. Subsequently, ICAM-1, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, JAK2, STAT3 and nuclear factor (NF)-κB mRNA expression levels were determined using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction; ICAM-1 protein expression levels were determined using western blotting; and IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α levels were measured via an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In addition, an immunohistochemical analysis of ICAM-1, NF-κB, JAK2 and STAT3 was conducted, and the protein expression and cell morphology of the lungs in all rats was analyzed. ICAM-1 mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly increased following induction of SAP, and were significantly decreased in the DEX-treated group. Furthermore, treatment with DEX significantly reduced serum expression levels of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α and decreased expression levels of NF-κB, JAK2 and STAT3 in the lung tissue, as compared with the untreated SAP group. The present study demonstrated that DEX treatment was able to suppress ICAM-1 mRNA and protein expression in a rat model of SAP-ALI via the inhibition of IL-6 and TNF-α-induced JAK2/STAT3 activation; thus suggesting that DEX treatment may be considered a potential strategy in the treatment of patients with SAP-ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Han
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P.R. China
| | - Hailong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Caiming Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Mingyue Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
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Kim H, Zhao J, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Lee D, Bai X, Turrell L, Chen M, Gao W, Keshavjee S, Liu M. δV1-1 Reduces Pulmonary Ischemia Reperfusion-Induced Lung Injury by Inhibiting Necrosis and Mitochondrial Localization of PKCδ and p53. Am J Transplant 2016; 16:83-98. [PMID: 26368845 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (IR)-induced lung injury is one of the major contributing factors of morbidity and mortality after lung transplantation. To determine the IR-induced molecular changes in lung epithelial cells, we developed a cell-culture model that simulates lung preservation and transplantation. Six hours of cold ischemic time (CIT) and reperfusion elicited production of multiple inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and increased expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteins. Prolonged hypothermic condition (18 h CIT) reduced ER stress protein levels, and induced apoptosis and necrosis (via mechanisms related to mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening). Protein kinase C (PKCδ) was activated during CIT, and its downregulation via small interference (si) (in siRNA) RNA reduced IR-induced cytokine production and apoptotic cell death. δV1-1, a PKCδ peptide inhibitor, reduced translocation of PKCδ and p53 to the mitochondria after 18 h CIT, rescued ER stress protein expression, and converted the major mode of cell death from necrosis to apoptosis. Administration of δV1-1 effectively reduced lung transplantation and IR-induced pulmonary injury in rats. Therefore, inhibition of PKCδ by δV1-1 could be an effective strategy to ameliorate IR-induced lung injury by inhibiting the signaling pathways leading to necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kim
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Research Institute University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Zhao
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Research Institute University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Q Zhang
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Research Institute University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Y Wang
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Research Institute University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - D Lee
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Research Institute University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - X Bai
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Research Institute University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - L Turrell
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Research Institute University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Chen
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Research Institute University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - W Gao
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Research Institute University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - S Keshavjee
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Research Institute University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Liu
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Research Institute University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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29
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Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of ICAM-1 through modulation of toll-like receptor-4 signaling in brain endothelial cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 26:203-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Koizume S, Ito S, Nakamura Y, Yoshihara M, Furuya M, Yamada R, Miyagi E, Hirahara F, Takano Y, Miyagi Y. Lipid starvation and hypoxia synergistically activate ICAM1 and multiple genes in an Sp1-dependent manner to promote the growth of ovarian cancer. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:77. [PMID: 25879517 PMCID: PMC4396815 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0351-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms by which cancer cells overcome hypoxia is potentially important for targeted therapy. Complexation of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) with aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocators can enhance gene expression and initiate cellular responses to hypoxia. However, multiple molecular mechanisms may be required for cancer cells to adapt to diverse microenvironments. We previously demonstrated that a physical interaction between the ubiquitously expressed transcription factor Sp1 and HIF2 is a major cause of FVII gene activation in poor prognostic ovarian clear cell carcinoma (CCC) cells under hypoxia. Furthermore, it was found that FVII activation is synergistically enhanced when serum-starved cells are cultured under hypoxic conditions. In this study, we investigated whether HIFs and transcription factor Sp1 cooperate to activate multiple genes in CCC cells under conditions of serum starvation and hypoxia (SSH) and then contribute to malignant phenotypes. Methods To identify genes activated under hypoxic conditions in an Sp1-dependent manner, we first performed cDNA microarray analyses. We further investigated the molecular mechanisms of synergistic gene activations including the associated serum factors by various experiments such as real-time RT-PCR, western blotting and chromatin immunoprecipitation. The study was further extended to animal experiments to investigate how it contributes to CCC progression in vivo. Results ICAM1 is one such gene dramatically induced by SSH and is highly induced by SSH and its synergistic activation involves both the mTOR and autonomously activated TNFα-NFκB axes. We identified long chain fatty acids (LCFA) as a major class of lipids that is associated with albumin, a serum factor responsible for synergistic gene activation under SSH. Furthermore, we found that ICAM1 can be induced in vivo to promote tumor growth. Conclusion Sp1 and HIFs collaborate to activate genes required for the adaptation of CCC cells to severe microenvironments, such as LCFA starvation and hypoxia. This study highlights the importance of transcriptional regulation under lipid starvation and hypoxia in the promotion of CCC tumor growth. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-015-0351-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Koizume
- Molecular Pathology and Genetics Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, 241-8515, Japan.
| | - Shin Ito
- Molecular Pathology and Genetics Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, 241-8515, Japan.
| | - Yoshiyasu Nakamura
- Molecular Pathology and Genetics Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, 241-8515, Japan.
| | - Mitsuyo Yoshihara
- Molecular Pathology and Genetics Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, 241-8515, Japan.
| | - Mitsuko Furuya
- Departments of Pathology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Roppei Yamada
- Molecular Pathology and Genetics Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, 241-8515, Japan.
| | - Etsuko Miyagi
- Obstetrics, Gynecology and Molecular Reproductive Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Fumiki Hirahara
- Obstetrics, Gynecology and Molecular Reproductive Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Yasuo Takano
- Molecular Pathology and Genetics Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, 241-8515, Japan.
| | - Yohei Miyagi
- Molecular Pathology and Genetics Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, 241-8515, Japan.
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Isobavachalcone attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced ICAM-1 expression in brain endothelial cells through blockade of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathways. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 754:11-8. [PMID: 25704611 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various cerebral diseases. Thus, control of brain inflammation is regarded as one of the important therapeutic strategies for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer׳s disease and stroke. Isobavachalcone, a flavonoid from Psoralea corylifolia, is known to possess a wide spectrum of biological activities and is expected to be useful in preventing or treating neurodegenerative diseases. However, very little is known regarding its effects on cerebral inflammation. In this study, we examined the effect of isobavachalcone on leukocyte adhesion and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression in brain endothelial cells activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and explored the possible mechanisms involved. Isobavachalcone significantly down-regulated LPS-induced ICAM-1 expression and leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion and suppressed NF-κB activity which is implicated in the expression of ICAM-1. It attenuated ICAM-1 expression as well as NF-κB transcriptional activity induced by macrophage-activating lipopeptide 2-kDa (MALP-2) or polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid (poly[I:C]). Isobavachalcone also down-regulated LPS or poly[I:C]-induced expression of IFN-β, which can indirectly activate NF-κB. These data imply that isobavachalcone can modulate both MyD88-dependent and TRIF-dependent signaling of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Taken together, our data suggest that isobavachalcone inhibits LPS-induced ICAM-1 expression and leukocyte adhesion to brain endothelial cell by blocking TLR4 signaling and thus, has the potential to ameliorate neuronal injury in brain diseases associated with inflammation.
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Li L, Xu S, Yan J, Li Y, Wang X, Du R, Zhu J, Fu X, Xiao X, Wang Z. Mechanism of PKC activity affecting the adhesion reaction of endothelial cells with monocytes. Int J Cardiol 2014; 182:361-7. [PMID: 25590962 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.12.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Li
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China; Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Suining Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Jinchuan Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Yuefeng Li
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Rui Du
- Department of Ultrasonics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Xianli Fu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Xu Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Zhongqun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China.
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Lin CY, Zu CH, Yang CC, Tsai PJ, Shyu JF, Chen CP, Weng ZC, Chen TH, Wang HS. IL-1β-Induced Mesenchymal Stem Cell Migration Involves MLCK Activation via PKC Signaling. Cell Transplant 2014; 24:2011-28. [PMID: 25333338 DOI: 10.3727/096368914x685258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) migrate via the bloodstream to sites of injury, possibly attracted by inflammatory cytokines. Although many cytokines can induce stem cell migration, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. We found that tail vein-injected MSCs migrate to the pancreas in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. An ELISA assay revealed that hyperglycemic NOD mice have higher pancreatic levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) than normal NOD mice and that IL-1β stimulates MSC migration in a Transwell assay and electric cell-substrate impedance sensing system. Microarray analysis showed that myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) is involved in IL-1β-induced MSC migration, while Western blots showed that IL-1β stimulates MLCK expression and activation and that MLCK-siRNA transfection reduces MSC migration. Kinase inhibitors, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and a knockdown study revealed that IL-1β-induced MLCK expression is regulated by the PKCδ/NF-κB signaling pathway, and a kinase inhibitor study revealed that IL-1β-induced MLCK activation occurs via the PKCα/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. These results show that IL-1β released from the pancreas of hyperglycemic NOD mice induces MSC migration and that this is dependent on MLCK expression via the PKCδ/NF-κB pathway and on MLCK activation via the PKCα/MEK/ERK signaling cascade. This study increases our understanding of the mechanisms by which MSCs home to injury sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yu Lin
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Park TY, Baik EJ, Lee SH. Prostaglandin E₂-induced intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression is mediated by cAMP/Epac signalling modules in bEnd.3 brain endothelial cells. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 169:604-18. [PMID: 23317035 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) has been implicated in the regulation of adhesion molecules, leukocyte adhesion and infiltration into inflamed site. However, the underlying mechanism therein involved remains ill-defined. In this study, we explored its cellular mechanism of action in the regulation of the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression in the brain endothelial cells. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH bEnd.3 cells, the murine cerebrovascular endothelial cell line and primary mouse brain endothelial cells were treated with PGE₂ with or without agonists/antagonists of PGE₂ receptors and associated signalling molecules. ICAM-1 expression, Akt phosphorylation and activity of NF-κB were determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunoblot analysis, luciferase assay and immunocytochemistry. KEY RESULTS PGE₂ significantly up-regulated the expression of ICAM-1, which was blocked by EP4 antagonist (ONO-AE2-227) and knock-down of EP4. PGE₂ effects were mimicked by forskolin, dibutyryl cAMP (dbcAMP) and an exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac) activator (8-Cpt-cAMP) but not a protein kinase A activator (N⁶-Bnz-cAMP). PGE₂-induced ICAM-1 expression was reduced by knock-down of Epac1. A PI3K specific inhibitor (LY294002), Akt inhibitor VIII (Akti) and NF-κB inhibitors (Bay-11-7082 and MG-132) attenuated the induction of ICAM-1 by PGE₂. PGE₂, dbcAMP and 8-Cpt-cAMP induced the phosphorylation of Akt, IκB kinase and IκBα and the translocation of p65 to the nucleus and increased NF-κB dependent reporter gene activity, which was diminished by Akti. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our findings suggest that PGE₂ induces ICAM-1 expression via EP4 receptor and Epac/Akt/NF-κB signalling pathway in bEnd.3 brain endothelial cells, supporting its pathophysiological role in brain inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Yeop Park
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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de Weerd A, Kho M, Kraaijeveld R, Zuiderwijk J, Weimar W, Baan C. The protein kinase C inhibitor sotrastaurin allows regulatory T cell function. Clin Exp Immunol 2014; 175:296-304. [PMID: 24131367 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel immunosuppressant sotrastaurin is a selective inhibitor of protein kinase C isoforms that are critical in signalling pathways downstream of the T cell receptor. Sotrastaurin inhibits nuclear factor (NF)-κB, which directly promotes the transcription of forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3), the key regulator for the development and function of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Our center participated in a randomized trial comparing sotrastaurin (n = 14) and the calcineurin inhibitor Neoral (n = 7) in renal transplant recipients. We conducted ex vivo mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and flow cytometry studies on these patient samples, as well as in vitro studies on samples of blood bank volunteers (n = 38). Treg numbers remained stable after transplantation and correlated with higher trough levels of sotrastaurin (r = 0·68, P = 0·03). A dose-dependent effect of sotrastaurin on alloresponsiveness was observed: the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) to inhibit alloactivated T cell proliferation was 45 ng/ml (90 nM). In contrast, Treg function was not affected by sotrastaurin: in the presence of in vitro-added sotrastaurin (50 ng/ml) Tregs suppressed the proliferation of alloactivated T effector cells at a 1:5 ratio by 35 versus 47% in the absence of the drug (P = 0·33). Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT)-5 phosphorylation in Tregs remained intact after incubation with sotrastaurin. This potent Treg function was also found in cells of patients treated with sotrastaurin: Tregs inhibited the anti-donor response in MLR by 67% at month 6, which was comparable to pretransplantation (82%). Sotrastaurin is a potent inhibitor of alloreactivity in vitro, while it did not affect Treg function in patients after kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A de Weerd
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Inhibition of protein kinase C delta attenuates allergic airway inflammation through suppression of PI3K/Akt/mTOR/HIF-1 alpha/VEGF pathway. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81773. [PMID: 24312355 PMCID: PMC3843701 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is supposed to contribute to the pathogenesis of allergic airway disease. VEGF expression is regulated by a variety of stimuli such as nitric oxide, growth factors, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α). Recently, inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) has been shown to alleviate cardinal asthmatic features, including airway hyperresponsiveness, eosinophilic inflammation, and increased vascular permeability in asthma models. Based on these observations, we have investigated whether mTOR is associated with HIF-1α-mediated VEGF expression in allergic asthma. In studies with the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin, we have elucidated the stimulatory role of a mTOR-HIF-1α-VEGF axis in allergic response. Next, the mechanisms by which mTOR is activated to modulate this response have been evaluated. mTOR is known to be regulated by phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt or protein kinase C-delta (PKC δ) in various cell types. Consistent with these, our results have revealed that suppression of PKC δ by rottlerin leads to the inhibition of PI3K/Akt activity and the subsequent blockade of a mTOR-HIF-1α-VEGF module, thereby attenuating typical asthmatic attack in a murine model. Thus, the present data indicate that PKC δ is necessary for the modulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling cascade, resulting in a tight regulation of HIF-1α activity and VEGF expression. In conclusion, PKC δ may represent a valuable target for innovative therapeutic treatment of allergic airway disease.
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Mondrinos MJ, Zhang T, Sun S, Kennedy PA, King DJ, Wolfson MR, Knight LC, Scalia R, Kilpatrick LE. Pulmonary endothelial protein kinase C-delta (PKCδ) regulates neutrophil migration in acute lung inflammation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 184:200-13. [PMID: 24211111 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Excessive neutrophil migration across the pulmonary endothelium into the lung and release of oxidants and proteases are key elements in pathogenesis of acute lung injury. Previously, we identified protein kinase C-delta (PKCδ) as an important regulator of proinflammatory signaling in human neutrophils and demonstrated that intratracheal instillation of a TAT-conjugated PKCδ inhibitory peptide (PKCδ-TAT) is lung protective in a rat model of sepsis-induced indirect pulmonary injury (cecal ligation and puncture). In the present study, intratracheal instillation of this PKCδ inhibitor resulted in peptide distribution throughout the lung parenchyma and pulmonary endothelium and decreased neutrophil influx, with concomitant attenuation of sepsis-induced endothelial ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression in this model. To further delineate the role of PKCδ in regulating neutrophil migration, we used an in vitro transmigration model with human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs). Consistent with in vivo findings, inhibition of PMVEC PKCδ decreased IL-1β-mediated neutrophil transmigration. PKCδ regulation was stimulus-dependent; PKCδ was required for transmigration mediated by IL-1β and fMLP (integrin-dependent), but not IL-8 (integrin-independent). PKCδ was essential for IL-1β-mediated neutrophil adherence and NF-κB-dependent expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. In PMVECs, IL-1β-mediated production of ROS and activation of redox-sensitive NF-κB were PKCδ dependent, suggesting an upstream signaling role. Thus, PKCδ has an important role in regulating neutrophil-endothelial cell interactions and recruitment to the inflamed lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Mondrinos
- Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Shuang Sun
- Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Paul A Kennedy
- Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Devon J King
- Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Marla R Wolfson
- Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Linda C Knight
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Radiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rosario Scalia
- Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Laurie E Kilpatrick
- Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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Zhou W, Wang G, Guo S. Regulation of angiogenesis via Notch signaling in breast cancer and cancer stem cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2013; 1836:304-20. [PMID: 24183943 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer angiogenesis is elicited and regulated by a number of factors including the Notch signaling. Notch receptors and ligands are expressed in breast cancer cells as well as in the stromal compartment and have been implicated in carcinogenesis. Signals exchanged between neighboring cells through the Notch pathway can amplify and consolidate molecular differences, which eventually dictate cell fates. Notch signaling and its crosstalk with many signaling pathways play an important role in breast cancer cell growth, migration, invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis, as well as cancer stem cell (CSC) self-renewal. Therefore, significant attention has been paid in recent years toward the development of clinically useful antagonists of Notch signaling. Better understanding of the structure, function and regulation of Notch intracellular signaling pathways, as well as its complex crosstalk with other oncogenic signals in breast cancer cells will be essential to ensure rational design and application of new combinatory therapeutic strategies. Novel opportunities have emerged from the discovery of Notch crosstalk with inflammatory and angiogenic cytokines and their links to CSCs. Combinatory treatments with drugs designed to prevent Notch oncogenic signal crosstalk may be advantageous over λ secretase inhibitors (GSIs) alone. In this review, we focus on the more recent advancements in our knowledge of aberrant Notch signaling contributing to breast cancer angiogenesis, as well as its crosstalk with other factors contributing to angiogenesis and CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Microecology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Medical College, No. 146 North Huanghe St, Huanggu Dis, Shenyang City, Liaoning Pro 110034, PR China.
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Chen JX, Liu B, Dang SC, Chen M, Jiang DL, Wang K, Wang PJ, Zhang JX. Liposomal clodronate reduces Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinase expression in the intestinal mucosa of rats with severe acute pancreatitis. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2013; 21:2633-2640. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v21.i26.2633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To study the effect of liposomal clodronate on the expression of protein kinase B (Akt) and mitogen-activated protein kinase [MAPK (ERK1/2)] in the intestinal mucosa of rats with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), and to investigate the mechanism behind the therapeutic effect of liposomal clodronate on SAP-associated intestinal mucosal injury.
METHODS: Liposomal clodronate was prepared by means of thin film. Forty-eight SD rats were randomly divided into a model control group (C), a liposome control group (P), and a liposomal clodronate group (T). SAP was induced in rats of groups P and T by injection of sodium taurocholate under the pancreatic capsule, while group C received equal volume of normal saline. Serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and AMS were measured 2 and 6 h after SAP induction. Pathological alterations in the intestinal mucosa were observed.
RESULTS: Serum levels of AMS, IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly elevated in group P compared to group C (all P < 0.01). Compared with group P, serum levels of AMS, IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly decreased in group T (all P < 0.01). Pathological alterations (scores) in the intestinal mucosa were significantly attenuated in group T compared to group P. The expression of Akt and MAPK (ERK1/2) was significantly decreased in group T compared to group P.
CONCLUSION: Macrophages play an important role in the pathogenesis of intestinal mucosal injury in SAP. Macrophages can be depleted via phagocytosis of liposome encapsulated clodronate. Liposomal clodronate alleviates intestinal mucosal injury in SAP rats possibly by decreasing the expression of Akt and MAPK (ERK1/2).
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Kerr BA, Ma L, West XZ, Ding L, Malinin NL, Weber ME, Tischenko M, Goc A, Somanath PR, Penn MS, Podrez EA, Byzova TV. Interference with akt signaling protects against myocardial infarction and death by limiting the consequences of oxidative stress. Sci Signal 2013; 6:ra67. [PMID: 23921086 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2003948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The intricacy of multiple feedback loops in the pathways downstream of Akt allows this kinase to control multiple cellular processes in the cardiovascular system and precludes inferring consequences of its activation in specific pathological conditions. Akt1, the major Akt isoform in the heart and vasculature, has a protective role in the endothelium during atherosclerosis. However, Akt1 activation may also have detrimental consequences in the cardiovascular system. Mice lacking both the high-density lipoprotein receptor SR-BI (scavenger receptor class B type I) and ApoE (apolipoprotein E), which promotes clearance of remnant lipoproteins, are a model of severe dyslipidemia and spontaneous myocardial infarction. We found that Akt1 was activated in these mice, and this activation correlated with cardiac dysfunction, hypertrophy, and fibrosis; increased infarct area; cholesterol accumulation in macrophages and atherosclerosis; and reduced life span. Akt1 activation was associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, accumulation of oxidized lipids, and increased abundance of CD36, a major sensor of oxidative stress, and these events created a positive feedback loop that exacerbated the consequences of oxidative stress. Genetic deletion of Akt1 in this mouse model resulted in decreased mortality, alleviation of multiple complications of heart disease, and reduced occurrence of spontaneous myocardial infarction. Thus, interference with Akt1 signaling in vivo could be protective and improve survival under dyslipidemic conditions by reducing oxidative stress and responses to oxidized lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany A Kerr
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Joseph J. Jacobs Center for Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Lee SH, Lee JH, Oh EY, Kim GY, Choi BT, Kim C, Choi YH. Ethanol extract of Cnidium officinale exhibits anti-inflammatory effects in BV2 microglial cells by suppressing NF-κB nuclear translocation and the activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2013; 32:876-82. [PMID: 23864034 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic microglial activation endangers neuronal survival through the release of various toxic pro-inflammatory molecules; thus, negative regulators of microglial activation have been identified as potential therapeutic candidates for several neurological diseases. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of an ethanol extract of Cnidium officinale rhizomes (EECO), which has been used as a herbal drug in Oriental medicine, on the production of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pro-inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂), as well as that of pro-inflammatory cytokines in BV2 microglia cells. EECO significantly inhibited the excess production of NO and PGE₂ in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglia cells. It also attenuated the expression of inducible NO synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, as well as that of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α. Moreover, EECO exhibited anti-inflammatory properties by suppressing nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) translocation and the activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathway in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells. These results indicate that EECO exerts anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells by inhibiting pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokine production by blocking the NF-κB pathway. These findings suggest that EECO has substantial therapeutic potential for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases accompanied by microglial activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Hwa Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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McCurdy CE, Klemm DJ. Adipose tissue insulin sensitivity and macrophage recruitment: Does PI3K pick the pathway? Adipocyte 2013; 2:135-42. [PMID: 23991359 PMCID: PMC3756101 DOI: 10.4161/adip.24645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the United States, obesity is a burgeoning health crisis, with over 30% of adults and nearly 20% of children classified as obese. Insulin resistance, a common metabolic complication associated with obesity, significantly increases the risk of developing metabolic diseases such as hypertension, coronary heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, and certain cancers. With the seminal finding that obese adipose tissue harbors cytokine secreting immune cells, obesity-related research over the past decade has focused on understanding adipocyte–macrophage crosstalk and its impact on systemic insulin sensitivity. Indeed, adipose tissue has emerged as a central mediator of obesity- and diet-induced insulin resistance. In this mini-review, we focus on a potential role of adipose tissue phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) as a point of convergence of cellular signaling pathways that integrates nutrient sensing and inflammatory signaling to regulate tissue insulin sensitivity.
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Park KH, Lee TH, Kim CW, Kim J. Enhancement of CCL15 expression and monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells (ECs) after hypoxia/reoxygenation and induction of ICAM-1 expression by CCL15 via the JAK2/STAT3 pathway in ECs. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:6550-8. [PMID: 23690481 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CCL15, a member of the CC chemokine family, is a potent chemoattractant for leukocytes and endothelial cells (ECs). Given that chemokines play key roles in vascular inflammation, we investigated the effects of hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) on expression of human CCL15 and a role of CCL15 in upregulating ICAM-1 in ECs. We found that exposure of ECs to H/R increased expression of CCL15 and ICAM-1, which resulted in an increase in monocyte adhesivity to the ECs. Further studies revealed that knockdown of CCL15 or CCR1 attenuated expression of ICAM-1 in ECs after H/R, suggesting that expression of ICAM-1 is upregulated by CCL15. Stimulation of ECs with CCL15 significantly increased expression of ICAM-1 predominantly via the CCR1 receptor. We observed that phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3 was stimulated by CCL15 treatment of ECs. Results from reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that CCL15 activates transcription from the IFN-γ activation site promoter and stimulates binding of STAT3 to the ICAM-1 promoter. Our data also showed that CCL15 increased cell adhesion of human monocytes to ECs under static and shear-stress conditions. Pretreatment of these cells with inhibitors for JAK, PI3K, and AKT prevented the CCL15-induced expression of ICAM-1 and monocyte adhesion to ECs, suggesting the involvement of those signaling molecules in ICAM-1 gene activation by CCL15. The results suggest that CCR1 and its ligands may be a potential target for treating inflammatory diseases involving upregulation of cell adhesion molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keun Hyung Park
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University,Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea
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Chichger H, Grinnell KL, Casserly B, Chung CS, Braza J, Lomas-Neira J, Ayala A, Rounds S, Klinger JR, Harrington EO. Genetic disruption of protein kinase Cδ reduces endotoxin-induced lung injury. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2012; 303:L880-8. [PMID: 22983354 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00169.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome is characterized by sequestration of leukocytes in lung tissue, disruption of capillary integrity, and pulmonary edema. PKCδ plays a critical role in RhoA-mediated endothelial barrier function and inflammatory responses. We used mice with genetic deletion of PKCδ (PKCδ(-/-)) to assess the role of PKCδ in susceptibility to LPS-induced lung injury and pulmonary edema. Under baseline conditions or in settings of increased capillary hydrostatic pressures, no differences were noted in the filtration coefficients (k(f)) or wet-to-dry weight ratios between PKCδ(+/+) and PKCδ(-/-) mice. However, at 24 h after exposure to LPS, the k(f) values were significantly higher in lungs isolated from PKCδ(+/+) than PKCδ(-/-) mice. In addition, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid obtained from LPS-exposed PKCδ(+/+) mice displayed increased protein and cell content compared with LPS-exposed PKCδ(-/-) mice, but similar changes in inflammatory cytokines were measured. Histology indicated elevated LPS-induced cellularity and inflammation within PKCδ(+/+) mouse lung parenchyma relative to PKCδ(-/-) mouse lungs. Transient overexpression of catalytically inactive PKCδ cDNA in the endothelium significantly attenuated LPS-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction in vitro and increased k(f) lung values in PKCδ(+/+) mice. However, transient overexpression of wild-type PKCδ cDNA in PKCδ(-/-) mouse lung vasculature did not alter the protective effects of PKCδ deficiency against LPS-induced acute lung injury. We conclude that PKCδ plays a role in the pathological progression of endotoxin-induced lung injury, likely mediated through modulation of inflammatory signaling and pulmonary vascular barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Havovi Chichger
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island 02908, USA
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Effectiveness of a combination therapy using calcineurin inhibitor and mTOR inhibitor in preventing allograft rejection and post-transplantation renal cancer progression. Cancer Lett 2012; 321:179-86. [PMID: 22343319 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Revised: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) may promote post-transplantation cancer through altered expression of cytokines and chemokines in tumor cells. We found that there is a potential cross-talk among CNI-induced signaling molecules and mTOR. Here, we utilized a murine model of post-transplantation cancer to examine the effect of a combination therapy (CNI + mTOR-inhibitor rapamycin) on allograft survival and renal cancer progression. The therapy prolonged allograft survival; and significantly attenuated CNI-induced post-transplantation cancer progression, with down-regulation of mTOR and S6-kinase phosphorylation. Also, rapamycin inhibited CNI-induced over-expression of the angiogenic cytokine VEGF, and the chemokine receptor CXCR3 and its ligands in post-transplantation tumor tissues.
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Chen HW, Lin AH, Chu HC, Li CC, Tsai CW, Chao CY, Wang CJ, Lii CK, Liu KL. Inhibition of TNF-α-Induced Inflammation by andrographolide via down-regulation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2011; 74:2408-2413. [PMID: 22026410 DOI: 10.1021/np200631v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Andrographolide (1), an active constituent of Andrographis paniculata, decreased tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression and adhesion of HL-60 cells onto human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), which are associated with inflammatory diseases. Moreover, 1 abolished TNF-α-induced Akt phosphorylation. Transfection of an activated Akt1 cDNA vector increased Akt phosphorylation and ICAM-1 expression like TNF-α. In addition, 1 and LY294002 blocked TNF-α-induced IκB-α degradation and nuclear p65 protein accumulation, as well as the DNA-binding activity of NF-κB. Compound 1 exhibits anti-inflammatory properties through the inhibition of TNF-α-induced ICAM-1 expression. The anti-inflammatory activity of 1 may be associated with the inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway and downstream target NF-κB activation in HUVEC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haw-Wen Chen
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Rahman A, Fazal F. Blocking NF-κB: an inflammatory issue. PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN THORACIC SOCIETY 2011; 8:497-503. [PMID: 22052926 PMCID: PMC3359076 DOI: 10.1513/pats.201101-009mw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear factor (NF)-κB is considered the master regulator of inflammatory responses. Studies in mouse models have established this transcription factor as an important mediator of many inflammatory disease states, including pulmonary diseases such as acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Endothelial cells provide the first barrier for leukocytes migrating to the inflamed sites and hence offer an attractive cellular context for targeting NF-κB for treatment of these diseases. However, recent studies showing that NF-κB also plays an important role in resolution phase of inflammation and in tissue repair and homeostasis have challenged the view of therapeutic inhibition of NF-κB. This article reviews the regulation of NF-κB in the context of endothelial cell signaling and provides a perspective on why "dampening" rather than "abolishing" NF-κB activation may be a safe and effective treatment strategy for inflammation-associated pulmonary and other inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshad Rahman
- Department of Pediatrics, Box 850, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York 14642, USA.
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Parrales A, López E, López-Colomé A. Thrombin activation of PI3K/PDK1/Akt signaling promotes cyclin D1 upregulation and RPE cell proliferation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2011; 1813:1758-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2011.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Revised: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Wang YJ, Lu J, Wu DM, Zheng ZH, Zheng YL, Wang XH, Ruan J, Sun X, Shan Q, Zhang ZF. Ursolic acid attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced cognitive deficits in mouse brain through suppressing p38/NF-κB mediated inflammatory pathways. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2011; 96:156-65. [PMID: 21496491 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2011.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2010] [Revised: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Evidence indicates that systemic administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces brain inflammation, ultimately resulting in cognitive deficits. Ursolic acid (UA), a plant-derived pentacyclic triterpenoid, is well known to possess multiple biological functions, including antioxidant, anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activities. In the present study, we assessed the protective effect of UA against the LPS-induced cognitive deficits in mice. We found that UA significantly improved cognitive deficits of LPS-treated mice in open field, step-through passive avoidance and Morris water maze tasks. One potential mechanism of this action was attributed to the decreased production of pro-inflammatory markers including COX-2, iNOS, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2 and IL-6 in LPS-treated mouse brain. Mechanistically, UA markedly inhibited LPS-induced IκBα phosphorylation and degradation, NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation and p38 activation in mouse brain, but did not affect the activation of TLR4, MyD88, ERK, JNK and Akt. Taken together, these results suggest that UA may be useful for mitigating inflammation-associated brain disorders by inhibiting pro-inflammatory factors production, at least in part, through blocking the p38/NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Xuzhou Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China
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Basu A, Banerjee P, Contreras AG, Flynn E, Pal S. Calcineurin inhibitor-induced and Ras-mediated overexpression of VEGF in renal cancer cells involves mTOR through the regulation of PRAS40. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23919. [PMID: 21886838 PMCID: PMC3160347 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignancy is a major problem in patients treated with immunosuppressive agents. We have demonstrated that treatment with calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) can induce the activation of proto-oncogenic Ras, and may promote a rapid progression of human renal cancer through the overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Interestingly, we found that CNI-induced VEGF overexpression and cancer cell proliferation was inhibited by rapamycin treatment, indicating potential involvement of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in this tumorigenic process. Here, we examined the role of mTOR pathway in mediating CNI- and Ras-induced overexpression of VEGF in human renal cancer cells (786-0 and Caki-1). We found that the knockdown of raptor (using siRNA) significantly decreased CNI-induced VEGF promoter activity as observed by promoter-luciferase assay, suggesting the role of mTOR complex1 (mTORC1) in CNI-induced VEGF transcription. It is known that mTOR becomes activated following phosphorylation of its negative regulator PRAS40, which is a part of mTORC1. We observed that CNI treatment and activation of H-Ras (through transfection of an active H-Ras plasmid) markedly increased the phosphorylation of PRAS40, and the transfection of cells using a dominant-negative plasmid of Ras, significantly decreased PRAS40 phosphorylation. Protein kinase C (PKC)-ζ and PKC-δ, which are critical intermediary signaling molecules for CNI-induced tumorigenic pathway, formed complex with PRAS40; and we found that the CNI treatment increased the complex formation between PRAS40 and PKC, particularly (PKC)-ζ. Inhibition of PKC activity using pharmacological inhibitor markedly decreased H-Ras-induced phosphorylation of PRAS40. The overexpression of PRAS40 in renal cancer cells significantly down-regulated CNI- and H-Ras-induced VEGF transcriptional activation. Finally, it was observed that CNI treatment increased the expression of phosho-PRAS40 in renal tumor tissues in vivo. Together, the phosphorylation of PRAS40 is critical for the activation of mTOR in CNI-induced VEGF overexpression and renal cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aninda Basu
- Division of Nephrology and Transplantation Research Center, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Pallavi Banerjee
- Division of Nephrology and Transplantation Research Center, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Alan G. Contreras
- Division of Nephrology and Transplantation Research Center, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Evelyn Flynn
- Division of Nephrology and Transplantation Research Center, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Soumitro Pal
- Division of Nephrology and Transplantation Research Center, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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