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Muchira JM, Mogos MF, Park C, Logan J, Piano MR. A Mother-Child Dyadic Approach to Evaluating Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease in Young Children: A Feasibility Study. J Cardiovasc Nurs 2024; 39:307-317. [PMID: 36066587 DOI: 10.1097/jcn.0000000000000944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular (CV) risk factors can be transmitted from mothers to their children. However, it is challenging to measure and identify subclinical CV risk in young children using traditional CV risk methods and metrics. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of recruiting mother-child dyads and measuring arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity, augmentation index/pressure), blood pressure (BP), BP circadian pattern, specifically nocturnal BP dipping, and CV health metrics in mothers and in children aged 1 to 5 years. METHODS All BP and arterial stiffness measures were obtained using the noninvasive automated oscillometric Mobil-O-Graph device. Also measured were blood cholesterol level; glucose level; body mass index (BMI); and smoking, diet, and physical activity history. Descriptive statistics were used for assessing recruitment feasibility and Pearson correlations for mother-child associations. RESULTS Thirty-five mother-child dyads completed the protocol. Recruitment reach was 89% and retention rate was 80%. Mothers were 34.3 ± 5.4 years old with a mean systolic BP (SBP) of 114.6 ± 9.5 mm Hg and BMI of 26.0 ± 6.5. Children were 3 ± 1.4 years old with a mean SBP of 103.3 ± 9.4 mm Hg and BMI z -scores of -0.3 ± 1.5. Arterial stiffness parameters were within normal ranges for mothers and children. Twenty-three percent of mothers did not exhibit nocturnal dipping (<10% decrease between day and nighttime SBP). Maternal SBP was positively correlated with child BMI z -scores ( r = 0.42, P = .022) as well as mother-child augmentation pressure ( r = 0.51, P = .010). CONCLUSIONS Our findings support using a mother-child approach and novel noninvasive approaches to assess and target CV risk in mothers and their young children.
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Schonfeld IS, Prytherch T, Cropley M, Verkuilen J, Bianchi R. Measurement invariance of the Pandemic Anxiety Inventory in different demographic groups. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:353. [PMID: 38886835 PMCID: PMC11181577 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01829-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Pandemic Anxiety Inventory (PAI) was developed in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Its content allows it to assess anxiety in connection to any pandemic. Previous research has demonstrated the instrument's reliability and validity. An important question for clinicians and researchers, however, remains open: Does the PAI have similar meaning for members of different demographic groups? The finding of measurement invariance would allow clinicians and researchers to comparatively assess pandemic-related anxiety across demographic groups, including favored and disfavored groups. METHODS We conducted a multi-group confirmatory factor analysis to assess the measurement invariance of the PAI using data obtained from a sample of 379 residents of the United Kingdom. RESULTS The PAI demonstrated invariance across genders, age groups, individuals who are married or in a relationship and those who are not, as well as individuals with higher and lower incomes. In an ancillary analysis, we found invariance across subsamples of Whites and Nonwhites, although we note that the Nonwhite group was small (n = 60) and heterogeneous. The findings of a supplemental MIMIC analysis were consistent with the above. CONCLUSIONS The PAI shows measurement invariance across a variety of demographic groups. Our findings suggest that the instrument can be meaningfully employed to compare pandemic-related anxiety across these groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irvin Sam Schonfeld
- Dept. of Psychology, The City College and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York City, USA.
- The Program in Educational Psychology, the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York City, USA.
| | - Tasmyn Prytherch
- Dept. of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | - Mark Cropley
- Dept. of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | - Jay Verkuilen
- The Program in Educational Psychology, the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York City, USA
| | - Renzo Bianchi
- Dept. of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
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Kılınç E, Çiçek B. COVID again? Health workers' burnout and turnover intentions: possible impacts of coronavirus-induced anxiety and first-level servant leaders. Leadersh Health Serv (Bradf Engl) 2024; ahead-of-print. [PMID: 38860850 DOI: 10.1108/lhs-10-2023-0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Building on social exchange and leader-member exchange theories, this paper aims to propose a model of the impact of coronavirus-induced anxiety on health-care professionals' burnout and turnover intention through the mediation role of servant leadership. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH This model was examined by adopting partial least square-based structural equation modeling using data collected from 271 health professionals (doctors, nurses, midwives and analysts) from Turkey. FINDINGS The findings of the research illustrate that coronavirus-induced anxiety is positively associated with burnout and turnover intention. Furthermore, servant leadership mediates the relationship between coronavirus-induced anxiety, burnout and turnover intention. Yet, according to factor loadings, the mediating role of servant leadership is not strong (β : 0.035 and 0.053, respectively). RESEARCH LIMITATIONS/IMPLICATIONS First, this study targeted the health-care professionals from Turkey. Therefore, this population may not be able to provide general information on the topic. Thus, this study suggests that the subject be addressed in other populations as well. Second, the data were self-reported by the participants. Although common method bias and social desirability bias were not an issue in this study, it should be known that the results are based on the subjective judgments of the participants. Third, this study was limited to investigating the mediating role of servant leadership only. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS This study gives much beneficial information to both administrators and organizations by mirroring highly stressed workers' inside throughout statistically results. Hence, it is assumed that the findings will help leaders to cope with several difficult situations, especially in crisis moments. As the chaotic circumstances occurred, achieving organizational goals became more and more difficult. To do this, some leaders play critical roles for members like servant leaders by contributing uniquely spiritual dimensions. SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS Struggling with the COVID-19 pandemic has aggravated the health-care professionals' existing mental health and has loaded more agitation on them. According to Mozes (2021), suicide cases among nurses have doubled the number of women in the general population. Thus, leaders should do something to lower those ratios. This study points out that servant leaders could break down those unwanted issues by decreasing burnout and turnover intention rates of health workers. Barbuto and Wheeler (2006) highlighted this situation by creating a dimension called "The Natural Desire to Serve Others." ORIGINALITY/VALUE To the best of the authors' knowledge, to date, this study is the first to examine the mediating role of servant leadership in the effect of coronavirus-induced anxiety on burnout and turnover intention. Furthermore, this research reveals that servant leadership may play a role in avoiding burnout and turnover intention in the health sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erman Kılınç
- Department of Rail Systems Management, Ulukışla Vocational School, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Turkey
| | - Berat Çiçek
- Department of Aviation Management, Malatya Turgut Özal University, Malatya, Turkey
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Forte FDS, Vieira NFC, Farias SF, Campelo ILB, Castro M, Yousafzai AK, Vieira-Meyer APGF. Quality of life and associated factors for community health workers in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in northeastern Brazil. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13312. [PMID: 38858430 PMCID: PMC11164982 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63828-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the quality of life (QoL) and associated factors of community health workers (CHWs) in different urban settings as a contributor to the preparedness of Brazilian primary care for future sanitary emergencies. The sample included 1935 CHWs from 4 state capitals and 4 inland municipalities in northeastern Brazil. Information was collected on QoL (WHOQOL-BREF), work routines, sociodemographics, direct and indirect exposure to violence, general self-efficacy, social support (MSPSS), mental health (SRQ-20) and coronavirus anxiety. The data were subjected to multiple linear regression analysis (α = 5%). In the state capitals, the factors associated with loss of QoL were poor mental health, lack of training, uncertainty about occupational biosafety, and lack of adaptation of services to tend to patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Among the inland municipalities, the main factors were coronavirus anxiety, poor mental health, lack of adaptation of services, lack of training, and lack of personal protective equipment (PPE). A high MSPSS (family and friends) score and self-efficacy had positive impacts on QoL in both urban settings. Our results highlight the need for investment in permanent education, PPE, social support, and mental health care for CHWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franklin Delano Soares Forte
- Departamento de Clínica e Odontologia Social, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Campus Universitário I, Castelo Branco I, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Zip-code 58051-900, Brazil.
| | - Neiva Francenely Cunha Vieira
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Odontologia e Enfermagem, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Rua Alexandre Baraúna 1115, Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza, Ceará, Zip-code 60430-160, Brazil
| | - Sidney Feitoza Farias
- Departamento de Saúde Coletiva, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães - Fiocruz Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, Zip-code 50670-420, Brazil
| | | | - Marcia Castro
- Department of Global Health and Population Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Aisha Khizar Yousafzai
- Department of Global Health and Population Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Anya Pimentel Gomes Fernandes Vieira-Meyer
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Ceará, R. São José, s/n, Eusébio, Ceará, Zip-code 61760-000, Brazil
- Centro Universitário Christus, R. João Adolfo Gurgel, 133 - Cocó, Fortaleza, Ceará, zip code 60190-180, Brazil
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Cabuk GB, Buyuklu AF, Karamert R, Aksoy S. Investigation of the applicability of internet-based approach to subjective tinnitus. Acta Otolaryngol 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38855896 DOI: 10.1080/00016489.2024.2357212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To ensure that subjective tinnitus patients develop positive attitudes toward tele-audiology. AIMS/OBJECTIVES This study investigates the appropriateness of the internet-based software in patients with subjective tinnitus. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients between the ages of 19 and 59 applying to the clinic with the subjective tinnitus filled in Tinnitus Handicap Index (THI) and Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS). Visual Numeric Scale (VNS) was applied to the patients to complaint of tinnitus. Parameter measurements related to hearing and tinnitus were performed clinically. After the evaluations, 54 participants were divided into two groups to receive the 'Basic Information Material Service' (BIMS) face-to-face and online. Afterwards, THI and VNS were used to determine the current status. RESULTS There was no significant difference between the groups that received BIMS with 2 different methods (p > .05). A significant difference was found in the scores before and after BIMS in terms of THI and VNS (p < .05). A strong negative correlation was found between the duration of tinnitus and the change in THI. In addition, there is a stronger-negative relationship between the number of centers consulted and the informational benefit revealed by the scales. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE Online intervention is as effective as face-to-face interaction in the management of tinnitus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adnan Fuat Buyuklu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Recep Karamert
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Songül Aksoy
- Department of Audiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Lokman Hekim University, Ankara, Turkey
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Hong JC, Wu TF, Tsai WL. The Motivation for COVID-19 Vaccination and Preventive Behavior. JOURNAL OF PREVENTION (2022) 2024:10.1007/s10935-024-00787-x. [PMID: 38839737 DOI: 10.1007/s10935-024-00787-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
COVID-19, a viral infection that emerged in late 2019, induces a severe acute respiratory syndrome marked by significant clinical symptoms, and the potential for progressive respiratory failure and death. People facing the threat of COVID-19 not only feared being infected, but were also worried about the side-effects of vaccination. This conflict affected their epidemic prevention behavior. To understand this issue, the present study explored whether infection anxiety affected the psychological avoidance or approach to getting vaccinated and the intention to take epidemic prevention measures. The study implemented a cross-sectional, web-based survey. We created questionnaires using Surveycake, an online e-form questionnaire platform. We used the snowball sampling method via a social media app to recruit participants. If individuals were willing to participate in the research, we emailed the e-form questionnaire link to them to collect data. After questionnaire collection, 288 questionnaires were returned, and 277 valid questionnaires were obtained for structural equation modeling analysis. According to the statistical results, it was found that infection anxiety was positively related to avoidance-avoidance conflict, and the power of infection anxiety on avoidance conflict was 23.0%. Infection anxiety was negatively related to approach-approach conflict regarding vaccination, and the power of infection anxiety on approach-approach conflict was 22.0%. Approach-approach conflict regarding vaccination was negatively related to prevention behavior, while avoidance-avoidance conflict regarding vaccination was positively related to prevention behavior. The two conflicts explained 12.5% of the total variance in prevention behavior. The study results highlight the long-term importance of achieving vaccine goals in order to prepare for future health emergencies similar to the recent COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon-Chao Hong
- Institute for Research Excellence in Learning Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Fang Wu
- Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Counseling, National Taiwan Normal University, 162, Section 1, Heping E. D, Taipei City, 106, Taiwan.
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Maizel JL, Haller MJ, Maahs DM, Addala A, Lal RA, Filipp SL, Gurka MJ, Westen S, Dixon BN, Figg L, Hechavarria M, Malden KG, Walker AF. COVID-19 impacts and inequities among underserved communities with diabetes. J Clin Transl Endocrinol 2024; 36:100337. [PMID: 38559803 PMCID: PMC10973684 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcte.2024.100337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background People with diabetes have higher COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. These risks are amplified for underserved communities including racial/ethnic minorities and people with lower socioeconomic status. However, limited research has examined COVID-19 outcomes specifically affecting underserved communities with diabetes. Methods From November 2021 to July 2022, adults with insulin-requiring diabetes at federally qualified health centers in Florida and California (n = 450) completed surveys examining COVID-19 outcomes and demographics. Surveys assessed COVID-19 severity, vaccination uptake, mask-wearing habits, income changes, and healthcare access changes. Surveys also included the full Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS-19). Descriptive statistics were computed for all outcomes. Between-group comparisons for state and race/ethnicity were evaluated via Chi-Squared, Fisher's Exact, Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel, One-Way ANOVA, and t-tests. Logistic regression determined factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination uptake. Data were self-reported and analyzed cross-sectionally. Results Overall, 29.7 % reported contracting COVID-19; of those, 45.3 % sought care or were hospitalized. Most (81.3 %) received ≥ 1 vaccine. Hispanics had the highest vaccination rate (91.1 %); Non-Hispanic Blacks (NHBs) had the lowest (73.9 %; p =.0281). Hispanics had 4.63x greater vaccination odds than Non-Hispanic Whites ([NHWs]; 95 % CI = [1.81, 11.89]). NHWs least often wore masks (18.8 %; p <.001). Participants reported pandemic-related healthcare changes (62 %) and higher costs of diabetes medications (41 %). Income loss was more frequent in Florida (76 %; p <.001). NHBs most frequently reported "severe" income loss (26.4 %; p =.0124). Loss of health insurance was more common among NHBs (13.3 %; p =.0416) and in Florida (9.7 %; p =.039). COVID-19 anxiety was highest among NHBs and Hispanics (IQR = [0.0, 3.0]; p =.0232) and in Florida (IQR = [0.0, 2.0]; p =.0435). Conclusions Underserved communities with diabetes had high COVID-19 vaccine uptake but experienced significant COVID-19-related physical, psychosocial, and financial impacts. NHBs and those in Florida had worse outcomes than other racial/ethnic groups and those in California. Further research, interventions, and policy changes are needed to promote health equity for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Maizel
- Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Department of Public Health, 3300 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
- University of Florida College of Public Health and Health Professions, Department of Health Services Research, Management, and Policy, 1225 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Michael J. Haller
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, 1600 Southwest Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - David M. Maahs
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, 291 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ananta Addala
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, 291 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rayhan A. Lal
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, 291 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology, and Metabolism, 291 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Stephanie L. Filipp
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, 1600 Southwest Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Matthew J. Gurka
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, 1600 Southwest Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Sarah Westen
- University of Florida College of Public Health and Health Professions, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, 1225 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Brittney N. Dixon
- University of Florida College of Public Health and Health Professions, Department of Health Services Research, Management, and Policy, 1225 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Lauren Figg
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, 291 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Melanie Hechavarria
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, 1600 Southwest Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Keilecia G. Malden
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, 1600 Southwest Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Ashby F. Walker
- University of Florida College of Public Health and Health Professions, Department of Health Services Research, Management, and Policy, 1225 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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Ayaz-Alkaya S, Erdal A, Kacar D, Kayan S, Ersoy T. Nurses' COVID-19-related fear and anxiety and their attitudes to the COVID-19 vaccine: A descriptive and correlational study. Int J Nurs Pract 2024; 30:e13212. [PMID: 37786940 DOI: 10.1111/ijn.13212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The novel coronavirus disease 2019 has caused psychological distress such as anxiety and fear among nurses worldwide. Nurses are a creditable source of vaccine-related information and have a primary role in building confidence regarding vaccines. AIM The present study was designed to investigate the fear and anxiety of nurses regarding novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and their attitudes towards the COVID-19 vaccine. The predictors of fear, anxiety and attitudes towards the vaccine were also investigated. METHODS A descriptive and correlational design was used. The study was conducted in three public hospitals from different parts of the Turkey, and 405 nurses from the three hospitals were recruited by stratified sampling. RESULTS Anxiety and negative attitudes towards the vaccine were positively related to fear of COVID-19. Age and fear were also positively associated with anxiety related to COVID-19. Nurses who had received the vaccine and those who were fearful had a positive attitude towards the vaccine. CONCLUSION Psychosocial support programmes should be implemented to improve psychological resilience and coping strategies in nurses and organized education programmes are needed to increase positive attitudes towards vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aysun Erdal
- Faculty of Nursing, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dilek Kacar
- Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sultan Kayan
- Faculty of Health Science, Public Health Nursing Department, Bilecik Seyh Edebali University, Bilecik, Turkey
| | - Tuğçe Ersoy
- Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Moroni L, Bottesi G, Bertolotti G, Cangiano A, Rizza C, Malerba A, Picozzi A, Burro R. Measuring pandemic-related anxiety and confidence in care in chronic patients using the Psychological Consequences of a Pandemic Event (PCPE) questionnaire. Stress Health 2024; 40:e3349. [PMID: 38015464 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has determined a considerable increase in psychological distress worldwide. Compared with the general population, patients with chronic conditions experience higher stress levels due to the increased risk of worse health outcomes from COVID-19 infection. Worries and fear of contagion could cause them to avoid going to their health facilities for medical examinations, which results in higher risks of morbidity and mortality. The present study aimed to develop and validate the Psychological Consequences of a Pandemic Event (PCPE) self-report questionnaire, and to assess the psychological effects of exposure to a pandemic on mood and on treatment adherence appropriate for patients with chronic diseases. Data were analysed with Rasch analysis after an Exploratory Factor Analysis and a Confirmatory Factor Analysis. We identified a final set of 10 items, divided into two independent factors labelled "pandemic-related anxiety" and "confidence in care". Finally, we transformed the raw scores of both factors into two interval scales (two rulers) that met the requirements of the fundamental measurement. The PCPE questionnaire has demonstrated to be a short and easy-to-administer measure, with valid and reliable psychometric properties, capable of assessing pandemic-related anxiety and confidence in care in patients with chronic clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gioia Bottesi
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Anna Malerba
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Burro
- Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Appel H, Sanatkar S. Systematic Search and Scoping Review of Physicians' Intolerance of Uncertainty and Medical Decision-Making Uncertainties During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Summary of the Literature and Directions for Future Research. J Clin Psychol Med Settings 2024; 31:338-358. [PMID: 37932520 PMCID: PMC11102404 DOI: 10.1007/s10880-023-09974-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Pandemic-related uncertainties and intolerance of uncertainty (IU) could negatively affect physicians' well-being and functioning, being associated with experiences of distress and problematic decision-making processes. To summarize the available quantitative and qualitative evidence of physicians' IU and decisional uncertainty during COVID-19 and problems associated with it, a systematic search was conducted to identify all relevant articles describing physician uncertainty with regard to medical decision making and well-being in COVID-19 pandemic conditions. Medical, psychological, and preprint databases were searched. Ten articles met all eligibility criteria, with eight describing quantitative and two describing qualitative research outcomes, assessed primarily in European regions and via online surveys. Associations between IU and symptoms of poor mental health and mental health risk factors were widespread, but inconsistencies emerged. Qualitative studies emphasized decisional uncertainty as a stressor for physicians, and quantitative studies suggest it may have fostered more unproven treatment choices. While the prevalence and impact of physician uncertainty under COVID-19 conditions requires further investigation, sighting available literature indicates that IU coincided with experiences of poor mental health and, at least towards the beginning of the pandemic, with willingness to endorse unproven treatments. Efforts to reduce uncertainty-related problems for physicians seem warranted, for example, through normalizing experiences of uncertainty or reducing avoidable uncertainty through maintaining open and timely communication channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Appel
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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Zhang D, Yuan T, Huang A, Li X, Yang L, Wang C, Liu M, Lei Y, Sun L, Li J, Zhang L, Zhang J. Validation of the Chinese version of the Oslo-3 Social Support Scale among nursing students: a study based on Classical Test Theory and Item Response Theory models. BMC Nurs 2024; 23:360. [PMID: 38816705 PMCID: PMC11137908 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-024-02033-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nursing students are encountering a range of health issues. Assessing social support is a key component in most questionnaire surveys related to health status, aiming to investigate the relationships and mechanisms between health status and social support to enhance overall health. Therefore, it is essential to seek out appropriate instruments to evaluate social support for nursing students. The Oslo-3 Social Support Scale (OSSS-3) is a reliable and concise instrument for evaluating social support. To date, there have been no studies validating the OSSS-3 based on Item Response Theory (IRT) models. Also, an officially validated Chinese version has not been found. The current research intended to verify the Chinese version of the OSSS-3. METHODS The OSSS-3 was translated into Chinese and culturally adapted. Subsequently, the OSSS-3 was validated by employing the Classical Test Theory (CTT) and IRT models. RESULTS The split-half reliability was 0.622. The Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.687. The correlations between each item and total scores varied from 0.723 to 0.835. The retest coefficient was 0.907. The content validity index was 0.933. A single common factor was extracted and accounted for 61.559% of the variance. The item loading values on the single factor were between 0.743 and 0.814. The communalities were between 0.552 and 0.663. There was no variance between males and females (P = 0.055). The difference in scores between the top (30%) and bottom (30%) groups attained significance. IRT models results revealed that the discrimination parameters ranged from 1.39 to 2.33 and difficulty parameters increased monotonically. CONCLUSION The OSSS-3 demonstrates satisfying psychometric properties and is a proper instrument for measuring social support in Chinese nursing students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Zhang
- School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchang West Road, Yijiang District, Wuhu City, Anhui Province, P.R. China
| | - Ting Yuan
- School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchang West Road, Yijiang District, Wuhu City, Anhui Province, P.R. China
| | - Anle Huang
- School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchang West Road, Yijiang District, Wuhu City, Anhui Province, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchang West Road, Yijiang District, Wuhu City, Anhui Province, P.R. China
| | - Liu Yang
- School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchang West Road, Yijiang District, Wuhu City, Anhui Province, P.R. China
| | - Congzhi Wang
- School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchang West Road, Yijiang District, Wuhu City, Anhui Province, P.R. China
| | - Mingming Liu
- School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchang West Road, Yijiang District, Wuhu City, Anhui Province, P.R. China
| | - Yunxiao Lei
- School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchang West Road, Yijiang District, Wuhu City, Anhui Province, P.R. China
| | - Lu Sun
- School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchang West Road, Yijiang District, Wuhu City, Anhui Province, P.R. China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchang West Road, Yijiang District, Wuhu City, Anhui Province, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhang
- School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchang West Road, Yijiang District, Wuhu City, Anhui Province, P.R. China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- Nursing Department, the People's Hospital of Yingshang, 566 Ganluo Road, Chengbei New District, Yingshang County, Anhui Province, P.R. China.
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12
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Lac A. Drinking to Cope With the COVID-19 Pandemic Mediates Pathways From COVID-19 Anxiety to Alcohol Use and Alcohol Myopia Consequences. J Dual Diagn 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38742669 DOI: 10.1080/15504263.2024.2343372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE People may consume alcohol to cope with the stressors and anxieties of the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study applied the self-medication hypothesis, tension reduction hypothesis, and alcohol myopia theory to understand COVID-19 alcohol coping as a mediator of the pathways from COVID-19 anxiety to alcohol use and alcohol consequences. METHODS Participants (N = 477) were undergraduate college students. The mean age was 22.14 (SD = 5.66) years. Gender distribution included 73% females, 26% males, and 1% transgender. Racial categories included 70% White, 11% Latino, 5% Black, 5% Asian, and 9% multiracial. They completed the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale, the COVID-19 Alcohol Coping Scale developed and validated in the present study, measures of drinking frequency and drinking quantity, and the Alcohol Myopia Scale to assess alcohol consequences. RESULTS First, confirmatory factor analysis supported the measurement structure of the COVID-19 Alcohol Coping Scale. Second, a general structural equation model containing only latent factors provided evidence for the following pathways: COVID-19 anxiety to COVID-19 alcohol coping to overall alcohol use to alcohol myopia consequences. Third, a specific structural equation model separated the overall alcohol use factor into two measures of drinking frequency and drinking quantity. Results found that COVID-19 alcohol coping uniquely explained drinking frequency (but not drinking quantity), indicating that the pursuit of alcohol to cope with the pandemic was related to more frequent days of alcohol use but not more concentrated use on drinking days. Tests of indirect effects corroborated the mediational pathways in the explanatory models. CONCLUSIONS The research offers insights into understanding that the risk connections from COVID-19 anxiety to alcohol behavioral outcomes are mediated by alcohol use to cope with the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Lac
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
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13
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Ferretti F, Gualtieri G, Masti A, Uvelli A. Urban safety and psychological distress during the pandemic: the results of a longitudinal study. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1343585. [PMID: 38770262 PMCID: PMC11104501 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1343585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction In the last decades, a large body of literature has explored the topic of perceived safety and fear of crime in urban environments. The effects of psychological factors on such feelings have been studied, but rarely using prospective studies, and never when these factors intercept a worldwide dramatic event like the pandemic. This research aimed to analyze the variations of the feelings of urban safety during the pandemic, the role of resiliency and the effect of psychological stressors such as anxiety, stress, and depression. Methods During 2019 and 2022, before and after the pandemic, a face-to-face interview was administered to the same group of 195 participants. The PUSAS scale was used to measure unsafety, the ER89-R to assess for resiliency, the DASS-21 to collect data about the general distress (anxiety, stress and depression), and the CAS scale was used to evaluate the specific coronavirus anxiety. Structural equation models were applied to test a theoretical framework grounded on the relationships between these measures. Results The research findings showed decreased feelings of unsafety across the pandemic, consistent with the literature. The positive effect of ego-resiliency was significant but only for its interaction with data collected before the pandemic, whilst stress and anxiety impacted unsafety in 2022 through different pathways. None of the symptoms of general distress influenced the concern about crime and sense of vulnerability, as the feelings of unsafety were found independent from the variations of the specific coronavirus anxiety. Discussion Although the research findings did not confirm the impact of coronavirus, they presented some facets that disconfirm what the literature reported about the relationships between psychological distress and fear of crime. Implications about measurement issues are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Ferretti
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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14
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Jessup SC, Adamis AM, Rast CE, Cox RC, Olatunji BO. Unique and interactive effects of emotion regulation difficulties and perceived stress on COVID-19 traumatic stress, anxiety, and safety behavior use: A four-year prospective study. Behav Res Ther 2024; 176:104503. [PMID: 38518395 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Given that emotion regulation difficulties confer risk for poor responses to stress, they may predict who is at risk for adverse psychological reactions to major, chronic stressors such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Specific adverse reactions to the pandemic may include more severe traumatic stress, anxiety, and excessive safety behavior use (i.e., hand washing). While emotion regulation difficulties may be a diathesis for adverse reactions to chronic stressors, the context(s) by which they may confer elevated risk is unclear. Accordingly, the present longitudinal study examined the interaction between pre-pandemic emotion regulation difficulties and early pandemic perceived stress in predicting subsequent COVID-related traumatic stress, anxiety, and safety behavior use over 32 weeks of the pandemic. Community adults (N = 145) who completed a measure of emotion regulation in 2016 as part of a larger study were recontacted at the start of the pandemic (March 2020) and assessed every two weeks for 32 weeks. Consistent with a diathesis-stress model, the interaction between difficulties in emotion regulation and perceived stress was significant in predicting COVID-19 anxiety (p = 0.003, d = 0.52) such that at high, but not low, levels of perceived stress, difficulties in emotion regulation in 2016 significantly predicted higher COVID-19 anxiety in 2020. The interaction between difficulties in emotion regulation in 2016 and perceived stress early in 2020 approached significance in predicting COVID-19 traumatic stress (p = 0.073, d = 0.31) and safety behavior use (p = 0.069, d = 0.31). These findings highlight that current perceived stress is an important context that potentiates the effects of preexisting emotion regulation difficulties on the emergence of anxiety-related symptoms during COVID-19, which has important implications for diathesis-stress models of adverse reactions to chronic stressors.
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15
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Zhong Q, Lei G, Wu H, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Xu F, Zhang Z, Xiao Q, Li X, Shi H. Practical and psychological challenges faced by Wuhan graduates after COVID-19 was controlled. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024; 72:1127-1134. [PMID: 35622977 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2068958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: This study seeks to understand the reality and psychological difficulties faced by university graduates in Wuhan after the COVID-19 epidemic was controlled. Methods: A total of 6,417 graduate students were surveyed through an online questionnaire from late May to early June 2020. The questionnaire asked questions on depression, anxiety, insomnia, and suicidal behavior. In addition, self-administered epidemic-related questionnaires consisting of eight items were collected from university graduates. Results: Participants' positive detection rates for depression, anxiety, insomnia, and suicidal behavior are 13.4%, 8.3%, 4.4%, and 12.1%, respectively. The three biggest challenges faced by graduates are future development, economic difficulties, and employment problems. Conclusion: The detectable rate of depression, anxiety, and insomnia is low, and the detectable rate of suicide symptoms should be given more attention. The biggest problem of this group is their future development, and what they want to solve the most is the economic difficulty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongyao Zhong
- Center for Mental Health Education of College Students, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, China
| | - Guanghui Lei
- Center for Mental Health Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Educational Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huifen Wu
- School of Educational Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- School of Educational Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Educational Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinyuan Zhang
- Center for Mental Health Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Xu
- Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheyu Zhang
- Wuhan 12 Law • Shiye Art Studio, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Xiao
- Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaonan Li
- Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Shi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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16
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Ye G, Zhu Y, Bao W, Zhou H, Lai J, Zhang Y, Xie J, Ma Q, Luo Z, Ma S, Guo Y, Zhang X, Zhang M, Niu X. The Long COVID Symptoms and Severity Score: Development, Validation, and Application. VALUE IN HEALTH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR PHARMACOECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2024:S1098-3015(24)02341-6. [PMID: 38641060 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2024.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The primary focus of this research is the proposition of a methodological framework for the clinical application of the long COVID symptoms and severity score (LC-SSS). This tool is not just a self-reported assessment instrument developed and validated but serves as a standardized, quantifiable means to monitor the diverse and persistent symptoms frequently observed in individuals with long COVID. METHODS A 3-stage process was used to develop, validate, and establish scoring standards for the LC-SSS. Validation measures included correlations with other patient-reported measures, confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach's α for internal consistency, and test-retest reliability. Scoring standards were determined using K-means clustering, with comparative assessments made against hierarchical clustering and the Gaussian Mixture Model. RESULTS The LC-SSS showed correlations with EuroQol 5-Dimension 5-Level (rs = -0.55), EuroQol visual analog scale (rs = -0.368), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (rs = 0.538), Beck Anxiety Inventory (rs = 0.689), and Insomnia Severity Index (rs = 0.516), confirming its construct validity. Structural validity was good with a comparative fit index of 0.969, with Cronbach's α of 0.93 indicating excellent internal consistency. Test-retest reliability was also satisfactory (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.732). K-means clustering identified 3 distinct severity categories in individuals living with long COVID, providing a basis for personalized treatment strategies. CONCLUSIONS The LC-SSS provides a robust and valid tool for assessing long COVID. The severity categories established via K-means clustering demonstrate significant variation in symptom severity, informing personalized treatment and improving care quality for patients with long COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengchen Ye
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yanan Zhu
- Medical Imaging Centre, Ankang Central Hospital, Ankang, Shaanxi Province, China; School of Medicine, Ankang University, Ankang, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Wenrui Bao
- School of Future Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Heping Zhou
- Medical Imaging Centre, Ankang Central Hospital, Ankang, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jiandong Lai
- Medical Imaging Centre, Ankang Central Hospital, Ankang, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Juanping Xie
- School of Medicine, Ankang University, Ankang, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Qingbo Ma
- Master of Biomedical Engineering (Research-oriented), Ankang Vocational and Technical College, Ankang, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhaoyao Luo
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shaohui Ma
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yichu Guo
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xuanting Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Xuan Niu
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.
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17
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Byam LJ, Penney AM. COVID-19 anxiety and its relation to anxiety-related disorder symptoms and mechanisms. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2024; 244:104179. [PMID: 38364634 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the mental health of individuals, particularly in the area of anxiety-related disorders. Anxiety regarding COVID-19 has been associated with health anxiety, panic disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms. Additionally, COVID-19 anxiety has been associated with anxiety sensitivity, disgust, maladaptive metacognitions, and intolerance of uncertainty. While researchers have established that anxiety disorders and anxiety-related mechanisms were associated with COVID-19 anxiety, which specific anxiety-related symptoms and mechanisms are primarily associated with COVID-19 anxiety needs to be more extensively explored. The current study sought to further this area by examining which particular anxiety-related disorder symptoms and mechanisms were uniquely associated with COVID-19 anxiety. A non-clinical sample of 593 Canadian undergraduate participants (Mage = 21.13 years; 67.7 % female) completed this cross-sectional study between September 2020 and February 2021. Participants completed online questionaries assessing anxiety-related disorder symptoms and mechanisms in addition to multiple scales of COVID-19 anxiety. When examining symptoms, health anxiety (prs = 0.17-0.29) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (prs = 0.16-0.35) symptoms had the strongest unique associations with COVID-19 anxiety. Among the anxiety-related mechanisms, disgust sensitivity (prs = 0.14-0.16) and health anxiety-specific intolerance of uncertainty (prs = 0.12-0.30) had the strongest unique associations with COVID-19 anxiety. Individuals experiencing these disorders and anxiety-related mechanisms may be at a heightened vulnerability to experiencing heightened anxiety during future pandemics. Mental health professionals should discuss COVID-19 anxiety with individuals experiencing health anxiety or obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms. Lastly, the study highlights the significance of considering a variety of specific anxiety-related disorder symptoms and mechanisms when working to understand pandemic anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layton J Byam
- MacEwan University, Department of Psychology, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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18
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Xiong Y, Rose Parasath P, Zhang Q, Jeon L. International students' perceived discrimination and psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024; 72:869-880. [PMID: 35471854 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2059376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the relationship between perceived discrimination and psychological distress among international students during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A total of 188 international students from two large U.S. universities participated in the study. Perceived discrimination, psychological distress, and demographic information were assessed using self-reported questionnaires. RESULTS COVID-related variables and perceived discrimination were significantly associated with international students' psychological distress. Their COVID-related anxiety mediated the relationship between perceived discrimination and psychological distress. CONCLUSION Initiatives to mitigate the perceived discrimination experienced by international students may improve their mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiying Xiong
- Johns Hopkins School of Education, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Priscilla Rose Parasath
- College of Education and Human Development, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Qiyang Zhang
- Johns Hopkins School of Education, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lieny Jeon
- Johns Hopkins School of Education, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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19
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Bezirganoğlu Altuntaş N, Baki Yıldırım S, Güvey H, Bayoglu Tekin Y. Association Between Pandemic-Related Maternal Perinatal Anxiety and Early Postpartum Breastfeeding Success. Cureus 2024; 16:e57590. [PMID: 38706992 PMCID: PMC11069234 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Prior studies have shown conflicting results on the impact of maternal anxiety on breastfeeding initiation and success. Furthermore, a substantial increase in maternal anxiety levels was shown in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between maternal perinatal anxiety induced by the COVID-19 pandemic and early breastfeeding outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in two regional maternity hospitals, involving 220 first-time pregnant patients with a gestational age of ≥37 weeks. All patients had no current diagnosis of COVID-19 and no cases of COVID-19 in their close environment at the time of admission. At 24-48 hours postpartum or at the time of discharge, three following scoring systems were employed: the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and the LATCH (short for latch, audible swallowing, type of nipple, comfort, and hold) score. A LATCH score of ≥8 was chosen as the cutoff point for defining successful breastfeeding performance. Spearman's rank correlation was used to evaluate relationships between the CAS, STAI scores, maternal and infant factors, and LATCH scores. RESULTS There were no differences in baseline characteristics between groups categorized as successful and unsuccessful in breastfeeding initiation. The mean total STAI score was 86.3±13.2, the CAS score was 1.07±1.91, and the LATCH score was 8.42±1.7. Although there was an increase in State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State Anxiety (STAI-S) scores compared to State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-Trait Anxiety (STAI-T) scores, and the STAI-S score and CAS score were higher in the unsuccessful group, these differences did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.22 and 0.16, respectively). When we evaluated the correlation of the LATCH score with STAI total, STAI-S and STAI-T scores, CAS score, and maternal and infant factors, only the type of delivery showed a significant correlation with the LATCH score (p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS Early postpartum breastfeeding efficiency, as measured by the LATCH score, was only correlated with the type of delivery. No significant correlation was found between pandemic-related maternal perinatal anxiety and early postpartum breastfeeding success.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Huri Güvey
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kütahya Parkhayat Hospital, Kütahya, TUR
| | - Yesim Bayoglu Tekin
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Trabzon Kanuni Training and Research Hospital, Trabzon, TUR
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20
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Curtis AF, Jagannathan S, Musich M, Miller MB, McCrae CS. Mid-to-Late-Life Anxiety and Sleep during Initial Phase of COVID-19: Age- and Sex-Specific Insights to Inform Future Pandemic Healthcare. Brain Sci 2024; 14:346. [PMID: 38671998 PMCID: PMC11047835 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14040346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study examined associations between COVID-19-related anxiety and sleep in middle-aged and older adults and tested whether these varied by age or sex. In June/July 2020, middle-aged/older adults aged 50+ (n = 277, 45% women, Mage = 64.68 ± 7.83) in the United States completed measures of sleep and COVID-19-related anxiety. Multiple regressions examined whether anxiety was independently associated with or interacted with age or sex in its associations with sleep health, controlling for age, education, medical conditions, sleep/pain medication use, and COVID-19 status. Greater COVID-19 anxiety was associated with worse sleep quality and daytime dysfunction. COVID-19-related anxiety interacted with age (not sex) in associations with total sleep time and sleep efficiency. Greater anxiety was associated with shorter total sleep time and lower sleep efficiency in oldest-older adults (~73 years old) and youngest-older adults (~65 years old) but not middle-aged adults (~57 years old). In mid to late life, older adults may be most vulnerable to the impact of COVID-19-related anxiety on sleep health. Social and behavioral (e.g., knowledge on age-related vulnerability to COVID-19 risk/morbidity/mortality, uncertainty, and changes to daily routines) and physiological factors (sleep disruption and age-related autonomic dysfunction) may underlie these associations. Interventions that mitigate negative pandemic-related psychological and sleep outcomes may be particularly relevant for older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley F. Curtis
- College of Nursing, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Sadhika Jagannathan
- Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA;
| | - Madison Musich
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
| | - Mary Beth Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65212, USA;
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21
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Artuvan Z, Cetin H. The effect of video informing adolescents having Polymerase Chain Reaction (rRT-PCR) test on anxiety during the Coronavirüs (COVID-19) pandemic: A randomized controlled study. J Pediatr Nurs 2024; 75:125-132. [PMID: 38154419 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2023.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to determine if video information on Polymerase Chain Reaction (rRT-PCR) testing reduces anxiety in adolescents. DESIGN AND METHODS A randomized controlled experimental study with a parallel-group design was conducted. The sample size was determined by G*Power analysis, and 136 adolescents were included in each group accordingly. The data were collected using the Child/Parent Information Form, State and Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Coronavirus Anxiety Scale. Chi-square, Independent Sample t-test, and Paired Sample t-test were used to analyze the data. RESULTS It was determined that adolescents experienced moderate anxiety before the procedure. It was found that the majority of adolescents did not have a COVID-19 positive patient in their relatives (83.1%) or in the same house (82.7%). It was determined that they had COVID-19 positive friends at school (56.2%) but not in class (61.4%) and had no contact with positive friends (69.1%). While the post-operative state anxiety level of the adolescents informed by video was 38.76 ± 10.77, the anxiety level of the adolescents in the control group was 41.68 ± 11.92. Informing with video significantly decreased the anxiety level of adolescents (p = 0.035). CONCLUSION Video information reduces state anxiety after the procedure. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS It is recommended that video information before rRT-PCR test should be implemented in all hospitals, tablets, televisions, or phones should be used to provide information against the risk of contamination, and other studies should be conducted to show the effectiveness of video information.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hacer Cetin
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Mersin University, 33343 Mersin, Turkey.
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22
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Mars SG, Spinelli MA, Ondocsin J, Koester KA, Rodriguez ES, Jain J, Arreguin M, Johnson MO, Gandhi M. Pandemic expertise: qualitative findings on the experiences of living with HIV during the COVID-19 pandemic. AIDS Care 2024; 36:382-389. [PMID: 37621106 PMCID: PMC10891295 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2023.2248579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
This qualitative study explored the experiences of people living with HIV (PLWH) in the San Francisco Bay Area, United States, during the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent public health restrictions at a safety net HIV clinic. Patients (N = 30) were recruited for Spanish/English language semi-structured interviews (n = 30), translated when necessary, and analyzed thematically. The recurring theme of "pandemic expertise" emerged from the data: skills and attitudes developed through living with HIV helped PLWH cope with the COVID-19 pandemic, including effective strategies for dealing with anxiety and depression; appreciation for life; and practical experience of changing behavior to protect their health. A subset did not consider living with HIV helped them adapt to the COVID-19 pandemic, with some describing their lives as chaotic due to housing issues and/or ongoing substance use. Overall, interviewees reported finding trustworthy health information that helped them follow COVID-19 prevention strategies. Although living with HIV is associated with a higher prevalence of mental health concerns, substance use, and stigma, these challenges can also contribute to increased self-efficacy, adaptation, and resilience. Addressing structural issues such as housing appears to be key to responding to both pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah G Mars
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Matthew A Spinelli
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jeff Ondocsin
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kim A Koester
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Jennifer Jain
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavior Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mireya Arreguin
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mallory O Johnson
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Monica Gandhi
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Verrall CE, Tran DL, Kasparian NA, Williams T, Oxenham V, Ayer J, Celermajer DS, Cordina RL. Cognitive Functioning and Psychosocial Outcomes in Adults with Complex Congenital Heart Disease: A Cross-sectional Pilot Study. Pediatr Cardiol 2024; 45:529-543. [PMID: 38261061 PMCID: PMC10891231 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-023-03376-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Adults with complex congenital heart disease (CHD) are at risk for cognitive dysfunction. However, associations between cognitive dysfunction and psychosocial outcomes are poorly defined. Between June and November 2022, we prospectively recruited 39 adults with complex CHD who completed a computerized cognitive assessment (Cogstate) and validated psychosocial scales measuring psychological distress, health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and resilience. Participants had a mean age of 36.4 ± 11.2 years. Over half (62%) were women, most (79%) had complex biventricular CHD, and 21% had Fontan physiology. Prevalence of cognitive dysfunction was greatest in the domains of attention (29%), working memory (25%), and psychomotor speed (21%). Adjusting for age and sex, Pearson partial correlations between Cogstate z-scores and self-reported cognitive problems were small. Participants who lived in the most disadvantaged areas and those with a below-average annual household income had lower global cognitive z-scores (p = 0.02 and p = 0.03, respectively). Two-thirds (64%) reported elevated symptoms of depression, anxiety, and/or stress. Small correlations were observed between psychological distress and cognitive performance. Greater resilience was associated with lower psychological distress (r ≥ -0.5, p < 0.001) and higher HRQOL (r = 0.33, p = 0.02). Our findings demonstrate that adults with complex CHD have a high risk of cognitive dysfunction, though may not recognize or report their cognitive challenges. Lower socioeconomic status may be an indicator for those at risk of poorer cognitive functioning. Psychological distress is common though may not be a strong correlate of performance-based cognitive functioning. Formal cognitive evaluation in this patient population is essential. Optimizing resilience may be a protective strategy to minimize psychological distress and bolster HRQOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte E Verrall
- The University of Sydney School of Medicine, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Heart Centre for Children, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Clinical Research Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Derek L Tran
- The University of Sydney School of Medicine, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Clinical Research Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nadine A Kasparian
- Heart and Mind Wellbeing Center, Heart Institute and Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Tracey Williams
- Kids Rehab, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vincent Oxenham
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Julian Ayer
- The University of Sydney School of Medicine, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Heart Centre for Children, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David S Celermajer
- The University of Sydney School of Medicine, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Clinical Research Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rachael L Cordina
- The University of Sydney School of Medicine, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Clinical Research Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Adamis AM, Cole DA, Olatunji BO. Intolerance of Uncertainty and Worry Prospectively Predict COVID-19 Anxiety and Distress: A 4-Year Longitudinal Study. Behav Ther 2024; 55:320-330. [PMID: 38418043 PMCID: PMC10902602 DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2023.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic precipitated an uptick in poor mental health outcomes, including coronavirus-related anxiety and distress. Preliminary research has shown that intolerance of uncertainty (IU) and worry proneness, two transdiagnostic risk factors for anxiety and related disorders, are associated cross-sectionally with pandemic-related fear and distress. However, the extent to which IU and worry proneness prospectively predict coronavirus-related anxiety and distress is unclear. Whether IU and worry may also interact in prospectively predicting coronavirus-related anxiety and distress is also unknown. To address this knowledge gap, the present study examined IU and trait worry as prospective predictors of the level and trajectory of coronavirus anxiety and COVID stress syndrome over time, as well as the extent to which worry moderated the relation between IU and pandemic-related outcomes. Participants (n = 310) who completed self-report measures of IU and trait worry in 2016 were contacted following the onset of COVID-19 in 2020 and completed biweekly measures of coronavirus anxiety and COVID stress syndrome for 30 weeks. Multilevel models revealed that IU assessed in 2016 significantly predicted the severity of both coronavirus anxiety and COVID stress syndrome throughout the study period in 2020. Worry also moderated the link between IU and coronavirus anxiety, such that individuals with high levels of trait worry and high IU in 2016 experienced the most coronavirus anxiety in 2020. Results suggest that IU and worry functioned as independent and interactive vulnerability factors for subsequent adverse psychological reactions to COVID-19. Clinical implications and future directions are discussed.
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Turhan A, Büyükturan Ö, Konar NM, Büyükturan B, Basat EM. Assessment of Physical Activity During Pandemic Periods: Development of the Questionnaire, Determination of Primary Validity, and Psychometric Properties. Cureus 2024; 16:e56612. [PMID: 38646291 PMCID: PMC11032649 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to develop the "Pandemic Period Physical Activity Scale (PPPAS)" to determine the physical activity level of healthy individuals during the pandemic period. Research data were collected from the "Socio-Demographic Questionnaire Form," "International Physical Activity Short Form," "Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia," "Coronavirus Anxiety Scale," "Epidemic Anxiety Scale," "Expert Evaluation Form," and "Pandemic Period Physical Activity Scale," exploratory factor analysis revealed that the scale consisted of 3 sub-dimensions and 31 items. Confirmatory factor analysis suggested that the fit indices χ2/Df: 2.343; root mean square error of approximation: 0.048; incremental fit index: 0.955; comparative fit index: 0.954; goodness of fit index: 0.912; normed fit index: 0.923; non-normed fit index: 0.950; adjusted goodness of fit index: 0.896; root mean square residuals: 0.060; standardized root mean square residual: 0.047. The total Cronbach Alpha coefficient of the scale was found to be 0.912 while the intraclass correlation coefficient of the scale was calculated as 0.958 (p<0.001). As a result of the analyses conducted, it was concluded that the PPPAS is a valid and reliable measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atahan Turhan
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, Kırşehir, TUR
| | - Öznur Büyükturan
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, Kırşehir, TUR
| | - Naime Meric Konar
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University, Bandirma, TUR
| | - Buket Büyükturan
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, Kırşehir, TUR
| | - Ezgi Metin Basat
- Department of Turkish Language and Literature, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, Kırşehir, TUR
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Zvolensky MJ, Bakhshaie J, Redmond BY, Smit T, Nikčević AV, Spada MM, Distaso W. Coronavirus Anxiety, COVID Anxiety Syndrome and Mental Health: A Test Among Six Countries During March 2021. Clin Psychol Psychother 2024; 31:e2988. [PMID: 38654488 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health outcomes is widely documented. Specifically, individuals experiencing greater degrees of severity in coronavirus anxiety have demonstrated higher levels of generalized anxiety, depression and psychological distress. Yet the pathways in which coronavirus anxiety confers vulnerability are not well known. The present investigation sought to address this gap in the scientific literature by testing the indirect effect of the COVID-19 anxiety syndrome, which centres on the function of detecting and managing the environmental threat of virus exposure and its sequalae. Data were collected during the height of the pandemic (March 2021) and included 5297 adults across six countries. Structural equation modelling techniques revealed that the COVID-19 anxiety syndrome evidenced a statistically significant indirect effect between coronavirus anxiety and generalized anxiety, depression and work/social adjustment. Overall, results suggest there could be public health merit to targeting anxiety related to virus exposure to improve behavioural health for those who are struggling with excessive fear and worry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Zvolensky
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- HEALTH Institute, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jafar Bakhshaie
- Center for Health Outcomes and Interdisciplinary Research, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brooke Y Redmond
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Tanya Smit
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ana V Nikčević
- Department of Psychology, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, UK
| | | | - Walter Distaso
- Imperial College Business School, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Soluk Özdemir Y, Paker N, Şişmanoğlu Ataç N, Buğdaycı D, Öneş K. COVID-19-related anxiety and obsession levels in stroke patients and family caregivers and their effects on caregiver burden. NEUROPSYCHIATRIE : KLINIK, DIAGNOSTIK, THERAPIE UND REHABILITATION : ORGAN DER GESELLSCHAFT OSTERREICHISCHER NERVENARZTE UND PSYCHIATER 2024; 38:24-31. [PMID: 38315321 DOI: 10.1007/s40211-024-00490-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to describe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related dysfunctional anxiety and thinking in patients with stroke and caregivers who are family members and their effects on caregiver burden. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 79 stroke patients and their primary caregivers who were hospitalised in a tertiary rehabilitation hospital. Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) and Obsession with COVID-19 Scale (OCS) were used to assess the levels of COVID-19-related dysfunctional anxiety and obsession of the patients and their caregivers. Caregiver burden was assessed via the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI). RESULTS In the patients with stroke, COVID-19-related anxiety and COVID-19-related obsession rates were 13.9% (n = 11) and 7.6% (n = 6), respectively, while 17.7% (n = 14) of caregiver family members had COVID-19-related anxiety and 11.4% (n = 9) had COVID-19-related obsession. The CAS score of caregivers showed a significant positive correlation with the CAS and OCS scores of patients (p = 0.000, r = 0.423; p = 0.007, r = 0.300, respectively). The OCS score of caregivers showed a significant positive correlation with the OCS scores of the patients (p = 0.000, r = 0.476). The mean ZBI score of caregiver family members was 31.9 ± 13.5. A significant positive correlation was observed between the caregiver's OCS and CAS scores and ZBI scores (p = 0.002, r = -0.349; p = 0.004, r = 0.323, respectively). CONCLUSION In this study, a significant relationship between caregiver burden and COVID-19-related anxiety and obsession in the caregivers of stroke patients was identified. Therefore, caregivers of stroke patients should not be forgotten during pandemics and should receive physical and psychological support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelda Soluk Özdemir
- Istanbul Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Nurdan Paker
- Istanbul Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nazlı Şişmanoğlu Ataç
- Istanbul Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Derya Buğdaycı
- Istanbul Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kadriye Öneş
- Istanbul Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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28
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Cheng C, Ying W, Ebrahimi OV, Wong KFE. Coping style and mental health amid the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic: a culture-moderated meta-analysis of 44 nations. Health Psychol Rev 2024; 18:141-164. [PMID: 36762601 DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2023.2175015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
In the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, the rapid transmission of a novel virus and the unprecedented disease-mitigation measures have elicited considerable stress in many countries worldwide. Coping with pandemic stress may be differentially related to psychological symptoms across countries characterised by distinct cultural values. This study aimed to: (a) synthesise the literature by investigating the associations between some major types of coping style and psychological symptoms, and (b) investigate the moderating effects of culture on these associations. We performed a three-level random-effects meta-analysis, which included 151 independent samples from 44 countries across eight world regions (n = 137,088, 66% women, Mage = 36.08). For both problem-focused and avoidant coping styles, their hypothesised associations with psychological symptoms were robust across the countries (anxiety: rs = -.11 and .31; depression: rs = -.19 and .33; ps < .0001). For both emotion-focused and social support seeking styles, their associations with psychological symptoms were moderated by two Hofstede's cultural dimensions: uncertainty avoidance (intolerance of ambiguity) and masculinity (concern for achievement and success). The hypothesised negative coping style-symptom associations were found only in the countries with lower levels of uncertainty avoidance or masculinity, but opposite patterns of findings were found in those with higher levels of either of these two cultural dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Cheng
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Weijun Ying
- Department of Education, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Omid V Ebrahimi
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, Modum Bad Psychiatric Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kin Fai Ellick Wong
- Department of Management, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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29
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Li X, Wang J, Yu H, Liu Y, Xu X, Lin J, Yang N. How does physical activity improve adolescent resilience? Serial indirect effects via self-efficacy and basic psychological needs. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17059. [PMID: 38436018 PMCID: PMC10909365 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Resilience is vital for improving mental health and well-being during adolescence, which is an important yet vulnerable period. Previous research has indicated that physical activity enhances individual resilience. However, limited studies have examined underlying psychological mechanisms between them. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of physical activity on adolescent resilience via self-efficacy and basic psychological needs. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 1,732 high school students aged 16 to 20 years old (mean age: 16.51 ± 0.77 years), with nearly equal number of boys (47.63%) and girls (52.37%). They each completed the Physical Exercise Questionnaire, Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale, and Resilience Scale, respectively. A serial indirect model was constructed to examine how physical activity influences resilience. Results Structural equation model analysis revealed that physical activity significantly and directly predicted resilience. When self-efficacy and basic psychological needs were included in the model, both direct and indirect effects were observed. Specifically, the positive relationship between physical activity and resilience was partially mediated by self-efficacy and basic psychological needs. In addition, basic psychological needs and self-efficacy were found to serially mediate the direct relathonship between physical activity and resilience. Conclusions The present study provides novel theoretical insights into sports psychology by establishing a link between basic psychological needs and self-efficacy. The findings have implications for school administrators and physical education instructors in designing targeted interventions to promote adolescent resilience. These interventions may involve creating supportive environment conductive to fulfilling students' basic psychological needs, implementing strategies to enhance self-efficacy beliefs, and providing opportunities for skill development and mastery experiences in sports and physical activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuening Li
- Brain and Cognition Research Center (CerCo), Université Paul Sabatier (Toulouse III), Toulouse, CHU Purpan, France
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Physical Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Huasen Yu
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaoling Xu
- Fujian Province Nanping No. 1 High School, Nanping, China
| | - Jiabin Lin
- School of Physical Education, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Ning Yang
- Institute of Physical Education, Shandong Youth University of Political Science, Ji’nan, China
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30
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Pires MT, Mourão S, Santos J. Psychometric Validation of the Portuguese Obsession with COVID-19 Scale (PT-OCS). Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:563. [PMID: 38470674 PMCID: PMC10931488 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12050563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Portuguese population are quite relevant and partially related to their repetitive and disruptive thinking about the disease. The successive periods of lockdown contributed to an additional burden on the family-work-life balance for parents. This study aims to validate the Portuguese version of the Obsession with COVID-19 Scale (PT-OCS), which was developed using a general sample from several regions of the country (n = 531) together with a specific sample of Portuguese parents (n = 109). The confirmatory factor analysis results indicate that the PT-OCS includes a set of excellent psychometric properties concerning both the general sample (χ2(1) = 0.446, p = 0.504; CFI = 1.0; GFI = 1.0; RMSEA = 0.0; standardised RMR = 0.003) and the parent group (χ2(2) = 1.816, p = 0.403; CFI = 1.0; GFI = 0.99; RMSEA = 0.0; standardised RMR = 0.016; Bollen-Stine bootstrap p = 0.65). The scale shows very good reliability (0.84 < α/ω < 0.88). As expected, obsession with COVID-19 was highly correlated with COVID-19 anxiety, and women had higher PT-OCS scores. The findings suggest that the PT-OCS is a reliable and valid measure for both persistent and disruptive thinking about COVID-19 in different groups of the Portuguese population, with potential for studying future epidemic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Taveira Pires
- Psychology Research Centre (CIP-UAL), Universidade Autónoma de Lisboa, 1169-023 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Susana Mourão
- Psychology Research Centre (CIP-UAL), Universidade Autónoma de Lisboa, 1169-023 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Beatriz Ângelo Hospital, 2674-514 Loures, Portugal;
| | - José Santos
- Beatriz Ângelo Hospital, 2674-514 Loures, Portugal;
- Medicine Faculty, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
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31
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Shrimal PJ, Maharana S, Dave A, Metri KG, Raghuram N, Shrimal S. Impact of Yoga on anxiety, stress and sleep quality among health care professionals during public health crisis. Work 2024:WOR230061. [PMID: 38427518 DOI: 10.3233/wor-230061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health Care Professionals (HCPs) working on the frontlines of health care emergencies/pandemics often experience elevated anxiety, stress and reduced quality of sleep. Yoga is a mind-body practice that has been proven to effective in improving physical and mental health. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of integrated Yoga intervention on mental health measures and sleep quality among HCPs working during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS It was a quasi-experimental study on 110 HCPs, including Doctors and nursing staff, with an age range of 20 to 65 years who were recruited through a convenience sampling method and assigned to a Yoga group (n = 55) or a control group (n = 55).The Yoga group received a weekly one-hour Yoga session followed by a 30-minute self-practice three times a week at home for one month. The control group followed routine activity. Heart rate (HR), Blood Pressure, stress measures (Perceived Stress and visual analogue Scale for Stress), COVID-related anxiety, Sleep Quality, Quality of life and Preservative Thinking were assessed before and after the intervention. RESULTS A significant decrease in stress measures, COVID-19-related anxiety and fear, and perseverative thinking was noticed in the Yoga group. Sleep quality and quality of life also improved significantly. The control group showed no significant change. At one month, the Yoga group showed significantly greater improvement in stress measures, COVID-19-related anxiety and fear, perseverative thinking, sleep quality and quality of life compared to the control group. CONCLUSION Yoga practice during the public health crisis would help reduce anxiety and stress and improve sleep among HCPs. Further, RCT studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Jain Shrimal
- Department of Yoga & Life Science of SVYASA Deemed to be University, Bengaluru, India
| | - Satyapriya Maharana
- Division of Yoga & Life Sciences, SVYASA Deemed to be University, Bengaluru, India
| | - Anupama Dave
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, M.Y. Hospital & MGM Medical College, Indore, India
| | - Kashinath G Metri
- Department of Yoga, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandar Sindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Shivendra Shrimal
- ESIC MH Indore Ministry of Labour and Employment Government of India, India
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Berhanu RD, Feyisa JW, Boru JD, Jabana DE, Senbeta BS, Tekle MG, Alemayehu Y, Aga HT. COVID-19-related dysfunctional anxiety and associated factors among adolescents in Southwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:167. [PMID: 38413896 PMCID: PMC10900736 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05587-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 pandemic causes serious threats to people's mental health, particularly it has huge negative mental health outcomes for adolescents. However, there is lack of studies examining COVID-19-related anxiety among adolescents in Ethiopia. Hence, this study was aimed to examine COVID-19-related dysfunctional anxiety and its associated factors among adolescents in Mettu town. METHODS Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from September 1 to 30, 2020 among 847 adolescents selected by stratified sampling technique. IBM SPSS Statistics Version 26.0 was used for analysis. Descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation were computed. Bivariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were done to identify factors associated with COVID-19-related dysfunctional anxiety. The statistical significance was declared at p ≤ 0.05; and the strength of association was described in terms of adjusted odds ratio. RESULTS Out of the total sample, 819 adolescents participated in this study. The mean age of the participants was 14.9 (SD = 2.798) years. The magnitude of COVID-19-related dysfunctional anxiety was found to be 20.9% (95% CI (18.1, 23.9)). The finding indicates that sex [(AOR (95% CI)); (0.724 (0.502, 1.043))], having both parents deceased [(AOR (95% CI)); (2.981 (1.138, 7.814))], living alone [(AOR (95% CI)); (2.363 (1.050, 5.321))], having unemployed mothers [(AOR (95% CI)); (1.943 (1.194, 3.163))], absence of close friend [(AOR (95% CI)); (0.377 (0.225, 0.630))], and medical problem [(AOR (95% CI)); (0.408 (0.278, 0.597))] were significantly associated with COVID-19-related anxiety. CONCLUSION The magnitude of COVID-19-related dysfunctional anxiety was found to be high in the study area. The findings have shown that the likelihood of developing COVID-19-related dysfunctional anxiety was linked to several factors. Provision of continued psychological support for adolescents is extremely encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robera Demissie Berhanu
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institute of Health Sciences, Wallaga University, Nekemte, Ethiopia.
| | - Jira Wakoya Feyisa
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Health Sciences, Wallaga University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Jibril Dori Boru
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institute of Health Sciences, Wallaga University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Desalegn Emana Jabana
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institute of Health Sciences, Wallaga University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | | | - Million Girma Tekle
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences, Mattu University, Mettu, Ethiopia
| | - Yadeta Alemayehu
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences, Mattu University, Mettu, Ethiopia
| | - Hunde Tarafa Aga
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences, Mattu University, Mettu, Ethiopia
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33
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Zhang D, Li X, Zhang M, Huang A, Yang L, Wang C, Yuan T, Lei Y, Liu H, Hua Y, Zhang L, Zhang J. The mediating effect of resilience and COVID-19 anxiety on the relationship between social support and insomnia among healthcare workers: a cross-sectional study. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1328226. [PMID: 38414504 PMCID: PMC10896830 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1328226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Insomnia in healthcare workers has become a topic of concern in the health system. The high infectivity and longevity of the COVID-19 pandemic have resulted in great pressure and a high incidence of insomnia among healthcare workers. Insomnia among healthcare workers has a negative impact on high-quality healthcare services in addition to their health. Thus, it's necessary to explore insomnia's underlying mechanisms. Object The present research's aims were threefold: explored the association between social support, resilience, COVID-19 anxiety, and insomnia among healthcare workers during the pandemic, elucidated the underlying mechanism of insomnia, and offered recommendations for improving the health of these workers. Materials and methods A cross-sectional design was adopted. From May 20 to 30, 2022, 1038 healthcare workers were selected to fill out the Oslo 3-item Social Support Scale, the eight-item Athens Insomnia Scale, the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale, and the Brief Resilience Scale. Descriptive statistics and correlations were analyzed by SPSS 25.0. Mediation analysis was conducted by Mplus 8.3 using 5000 bootstrap samples. Results Of the participating 1038 healthcare workers, the prevalence of insomnia was 41.62% (432/1038). Significant associations were found involving insomnia, resilience, COVID-19 anxiety, and social support. Insomnia was directly affected by social support. Moreover, three indirect pathways explain how social support affected insomnia: resilience's mediating role, COVID-19 anxiety's mediating role, and the chain-mediation role of resilience and COVID-19 anxiety. Conclusion The results validated our hypotheses and supported the opinion of Spielman et al. 's three-factor model of insomnia. Social support of healthcare workers has an indirect impact on insomnia in addition to its direct one via independent and chain-mediation effects of resilience and COVID-19 anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Zhang
- School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Anle Huang
- School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Liu Yang
- School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Congzhi Wang
- School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Ting Yuan
- School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Yunxiao Lei
- School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Haiyang Liu
- Student Health Center, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Ying Hua
- School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Nursing Department, The People's Hospital of Yingshang, Yingshang, Anhui, China
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Oker A, Laraki Y, Anders R, Fongaro E, Capdevielle D, Raffard S. Validation of the French COVID-Related Thoughts and Behavioral Symptoms Questionnaire (Cov-Tabs): A self-report assessment. L'ENCEPHALE 2024:S0013-7006(23)00217-8. [PMID: 38311477 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2023.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The COVID-Related Thoughts and Behavioral Symptoms (Cov-Tabs) is a self-reported questionnaire developed to identify the presence of psychological distress and anxiety-related behavior associated with COVID-19. This scale has been used since the first episodes of mass contamination of COVID-19 disease in the USA without psychometric validation analysis. The objective of this paper is to validate the French version of the Cov-TaBS. METHOD In this study, we assessed a French translation of Cov-Tabs in 300 subjects from the general population. Moreover, we assessed convergent and discriminant validities using an anxiety and depression scale and a paranoid ideation scale. Statistical analyses consisted of evaluating internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and construct validity as well. RESULTS The French translation of the Cov-Tabs demonstrated high internal consistency and reliability, as well as good temporal stability over a period of less than 2 weeks. It also showed strong convergent validity with anxiety and depression traits and divergent validity with paranoid ideation. CONCLUSION Our study indicates that the French version of the Cov-Tabs has robust psychometric properties and is a valid tool for evaluating behavioral symptomatology and thoughts related to COVID-19 disease. Therefore, the French version of the Cov-Tabs is a valid tool that can be used in French-speaking individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Oker
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, C2S, Reims, France.
| | - Yasmine Laraki
- CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Laboratoire EPSYLON (EA 4556), Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier 3, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Royce Anders
- Laboratoire EPSYLON (EA 4556), Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier 3, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Delphine Capdevielle
- CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Laboratoire EPSYLON (EA 4556), Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier 3, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; IGF, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Stéphane Raffard
- CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Laboratoire EPSYLON (EA 4556), Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier 3, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Castelletti G, Misirocchi F, Zilioli A, Salvatelli ML, Rausa F, Pizzarotti S, Zinno L, Florindo I, Pedrazzi G, Parrino L, Mutti C. How can sleep disorders affect our reaction towards external stressors: a lesson from the COVID-19 outbreak. Neurol Sci 2024; 45:391-399. [PMID: 37587386 PMCID: PMC10791966 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-06938-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 outbreak produced extensive psychological consequences, especially among vulnerable populations. Sleep was identified as one of the most common "indirect targets" of the pandemia, with up to 74.8% of patients surviving from COVID-19 complaining of new-onset sleep disorders. However, so far, the clinic-psychological impact of the outbreak in patients affected by pre-existing sleep disorders has not been examined in details. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, we aim to assess the effect of the COVID-19 outbreak in a cohort of 190 adult patients affected by sleep disorders, compared to 265 age and sex-matched healthy sleepers. The assessment was implemented throughout the use of ad hoc anamnestic questions, exploration of dream content, and validated questionnaires, aiming to capture the broad range of the neuropsychological nuances of the COVID-19 impact. RESULTS Subjects with pre-existent sleep disorders faced a more severe impact in terms of sleep quality and amount compared to healthy sleepers, presenting longer sleep latency, reduced sleep efficacy, and greater use of hypnotics and medications. On the other hand, healthy sleepers experienced deeper variation in sleeping habits, sleep duration, and greater impact on dream activity in terms of content, emotionality, and presence of recurrent dreams. Finally, in our sample, being female represents an important aggravating factor in the pandemic experience, both in terms of sleep deterioration and with respect to physical and mental health. For instance, females indeed presented the highest scores of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) both in cases and control groups (respectively 10 ± 3.8 vs 7.3 ± 3.9 in cases and 6.6 ± 3.6 vs 6.0 ± 3.4 in controls, p-value < 0.001). CONCLUSION Pre-existent sleep disorders and the female sex might represent risk factors increasing the clinic-psychological burden in dramatic scenarios, such as the COVID-19 pandemia, requiring dedicated attention from clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Castelletti
- Sleep Disorders Center, Department of General and Specialized Medicine, University Hospital of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | | | | | - Marcello Luigi Salvatelli
- Sleep Disorders Center, Department of General and Specialized Medicine, University Hospital of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesco Rausa
- Sleep Disorders Center, Department of General and Specialized Medicine, University Hospital of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Silvia Pizzarotti
- Sleep Disorders Center, Department of General and Specialized Medicine, University Hospital of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Lucia Zinno
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Irene Florindo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pedrazzi
- Unit of Neuroscience & Interdepartmental Center of Robust Statistics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Liborio Parrino
- Sleep Disorders Center, Department of General and Specialized Medicine, University Hospital of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy.
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | - Carlotta Mutti
- Sleep Disorders Center, Department of General and Specialized Medicine, University Hospital of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
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Fatfouta R, Rogoza R. Psychometric Properties and Factor Structure of the German Version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2024; 88:1121-1135. [PMID: 34898309 DOI: 10.1177/00302228211062360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fear is a fundamental response in the face of a life-threatening pandemic, such as COVID-19. To assess COVID-19-related fear, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) has been recently developed and validated in many countries across the globe. The current study aimed to adapt the FCV-19S into German and to examine its psychometric properties. Participants (N = 866) were asked to complete the FCV-19S, report their perceived risk of contracting the virus, and their willingness to comply with mask wearing. Confirmatory Factor Analysis supported both a two-factor structure (emotional and somatic fear) and a more parsimonious one-factor model. Among demographic variables, only female gender was positively associated with the FCV-19S. Moreover, the measure was associated with increased risk perception and compliance with mask wearing. Results suggest that the FCV-19S has good psychometric properties in German and can be used in future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramzi Fatfouta
- HMKW, Hochschule Für Medien Kommunikation und Wirtschaft, University of Applied Sciences, Berlin, Germany
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Hossen MT, Shuvo SD, Mazumdar S, Hossain MS, Riazuddin M, Roy D, Mondal BK, Parvin R, Paul DK, Adnan MM. Determinants of anxiety and depression among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: A hospital-based study in Bangladesh amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Glob Ment Health (Camb) 2024; 11:e13. [PMID: 38390250 PMCID: PMC10882174 DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2024.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Anxiety and depression are common psychological disorders in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which was upsurging worldwide amid the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to explore factors associated with anxiety and depression among T2DM patients in Bangladesh during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional study was conducted among T2DM patients using face-to-face interviews. Anxiety and depressive symptoms were measured using the CAS and PHQ-9 scales. Outcomes were assessed including sociodemographic, lifestyle, anthropometric, and challenges of getting routine medical and healthcare access-related questions. The prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms were 29.8% and 22.7%, respectively. Regression analysis reported that males older than 50 years, illiterate, unemployed or retired, urban residents, below the recommended level of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), low dietary diversity score (DDS) and obese respondents were associated with higher odds of anxiety and depressive symptoms. Moreover, respondents with transport difficulties, unaffordable medicine, medicine shortages, close friends or family members diagnosed with COVID-19 and financial problems during COVID-19 had higher odds of anxiety and depressive symptoms than their counterparts, respectively. Our study suggests providing psychological support, such as home-based psychological interventions, and highlighting policy implications to ensure the well-being of T2DM patients in Bangladesh during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Toufik Hossen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Suvasish Das Shuvo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Sanaullah Mazumdar
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Md Sakhawot Hossain
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Md Riazuddin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Deepa Roy
- Department of Mathematics, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Bappa Kumar Mondal
- Department of Food Fortification, Nutrition International, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rashida Parvin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Dipak Kumar Paul
- Department of Applied Nutrition and Food Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
| | - Md Moshiuzzaman Adnan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
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Ersanli C. Does COVID-19 anxiety in pregnant women affect marital adjustment? Health Care Women Int 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38231201 DOI: 10.1080/07399332.2024.2303514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
In this study, it was tried to determine the relationship between anxiety and marital adjustment in pregnant women during the epidemic, and to explain the variables affecting anxiety and marital adjustment. During the epidemic, many factors cause changes in the perceived anxiety level and marital adjustment in pregnant women. As the level of COVID-19 anxiety increases in pregnant women, marital adjustment scores decrease. It was determined that the anxiety levels were lower and marital adjustment was higher in pregnant women who had a planned pregnancy, did not have fears about childbirth, thought that their physical, mental health were not affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candan Ersanli
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Midwifery, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
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Klingemann J, Mokros Ł, Sienkiewicz-Jarosz H, Świtaj P. The prevalence of occupational burnout and its individual and situational predictors among addiction therapists. Alcohol Alcohol 2024; 59:agad074. [PMID: 37961919 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agad074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study assesses the prevalence and individual and organizational predictors of occupational burnout among addiction therapists. A total of 452 addiction therapists from a representative sample of 184 Polish alcohol treatment facilities (outpatient and inpatient) participated in the study (facility response rate = 42%). The Oldenburg Burnout Inventory was used to measure occupational burnout, and 15 subscales of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire II were administered to assess psychosocial work conditions. In addition, the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the abbreviated six-item De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale measured other important dimensions of addiction therapists' psychosocial functioning. Logistic regression was used for the analysis of the data. Occupational burnout was noticeably prevalent in the study group: 62% of respondents experienced exhaustion and 50% experienced disengagement from work, both to at least a moderate degree. Situational (organizational) variables were the most important predictors, explaining much more of the variance in both dimensions of burnout than the individual factors, of which only depression was significantly related to higher levels of exhaustion. Coronavirus anxiety played a marginal role in explaining the severity of burnout. The current study is one of the first attempts to assess the level of occupational burnout among addiction therapists and to comprehensively investigate the factors contributing to it. The findings provide useful information for the development of interventions aimed at preventing or reducing burnout in this professional group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Klingemann
- Department of Studies on Alcohol and Drug Dependence, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Mokros
- Second Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Piotr Świtaj
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie Medical Academy, Warsaw, Poland
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40
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Crawford MJ, King JD, McQuaid A, Bassett P, Leeson VC, Tella O, Di Simplicio M, Tyrer P, Tyrer H, Watt RG, Barnicot K. Severe COVID anxiety among adults in the United Kingdom: cohort study and nested feasibility trial. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:27. [PMID: 38184524 PMCID: PMC10771646 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05446-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with severe COVID anxiety have poor mental health and impaired functioning, but the course of severe COVID anxiety is unknown and the quality of evidence on the acceptability and impact of psychological interventions is low. METHODS A quantitative cohort study with a nested feasibility trial. Potential participants aged 18 and over, living in the UK with severe COVID anxiety, were recruited online and from primary care services. We examined levels of COVID anxiety in the six months after recruitment, and factors that influenced this, using linear regression. Those scoring above 20 on the short Health Anxiety Inventory were invited to participate in a feasibility trial of remotely delivered Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Health Anxiety (CBT-HA). Exclusion criteria were recent COVID-19, current self-isolation, or current receipt of psychological treatment. Key outcomes for the feasibility trial were the level of uptake of CBT-HA and the rate of follow-up. RESULTS 204 (70.2%) of 285 people who took part in the cohort study completed the six month follow-up, for whom levels of COVID anxiety fell from 12.4 at baseline to 6.8 at six months (difference = -5.5, 95% CI = -6.0 to -4.9). Reductions in COVID anxiety were lower among older people, those living with a vulnerable person, those with lower baseline COVID anxiety, and those with higher levels of generalised anxiety and health anxiety at baseline. 36 (90%) of 40 participants enrolled in the nested feasibility trial were followed up at six months. 17 (80.9%) of 21 people in the active arm of the trial received four or more sessions of CBT-HA. We found improved mental health and social functioning among those in the active, but not the control arm of the trial (Mean difference in total score on the Work and Social Adjustment Scale between baseline and follow up, was 9.7 (95% CI = 5.8-13.6) among those in the active, and 1.0 (95% C.I. = -4.6 to 6.6) among those in the control arm of the trial. CONCLUSIONS While the mental health of people with severe COVID anxiety appears to improve over time, many continue to experience high levels of anxiety and poor social functioning. Health anxiety is highly prevalent among people with severe COVID anxiety and may provide a target for psychological treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION Retrospectively registered at ISRCTN14973494 on 09/09/2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike J Crawford
- Division of Psychiatry, Commonwealth Building, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Jacob D King
- Division of Psychiatry, Commonwealth Building, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Aisling McQuaid
- Division of Psychiatry, Commonwealth Building, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Paul Bassett
- Statsconsultancy Ltd, Amersham, Buckinghamshire, UK
| | - Verity C Leeson
- Division of Psychiatry, Commonwealth Building, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Oluwaseun Tella
- Division of Psychiatry, Commonwealth Building, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Martina Di Simplicio
- Division of Psychiatry, Commonwealth Building, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Peter Tyrer
- Division of Psychiatry, Commonwealth Building, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Helen Tyrer
- Division of Psychiatry, Commonwealth Building, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Richard G Watt
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Kirsten Barnicot
- Division of Health Services Research and Management, City, University of London, Northampton Square, London, EC1V 0HB, UK
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So WWY, Fong TCT, Woo BPY, Yip PSF. Psychosocial and financial well-being mediated the effects of COVID-19 distress on suicidality: a serial mediation model among Hong Kong young adults. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2024; 59:165-174. [PMID: 37270725 PMCID: PMC10239540 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-023-02501-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The COVID-19 pandemic has brought significant distress on not only the physical health but also mental health of individuals. The present study investigated the direct and indirect effects from COVID-19 distress to suicidality via psychosocial and financial well-being among young people. METHODS This cross-sectional survey recruited 1472 Hong Kong young people via random sampling in 2021. The respondents completed a phone survey on COVID-19 distress, the four-item Patient Health Questionnaire and items on social well-being, financial well-being, and suicidality. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was conducted to examine the direct and indirect effects of COVID-19 distress on suicidality via psychosocial and financial well-being. RESULTS The direct effect of COVID-19 distress on suicidality was not significant (β = 0.022, 95% CI - 0.097-0.156). The total indirect effect from COVID-19 distress to suicidality was significant and positive (αβγ = 0.150, 95% CI = 0.085-0.245) and accounted for 87% of the total effect (B = 0.172, 95% CI = 0.043-0.341). There were significant specific indirect effects via social well-being and psychological distress, and financial well-being and psychological distress. CONCLUSION The present findings support different pathways from COVID-19 distress to suicidality via functioning in different domains among young people in Hong Kong. Measures are needed to ameliorate the impact on their social and financial well-being to reduce their psychological distress and suicidality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Wing Yan So
- HKJC Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, University of Hong Kong, 2/F, HKJC Building for Interdisciplinary Research, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Ted Chun Tat Fong
- Centre on Behavioral Health, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Bowie Po Yi Woo
- HKJC Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, University of Hong Kong, 2/F, HKJC Building for Interdisciplinary Research, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Paul Siu Fai Yip
- HKJC Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, University of Hong Kong, 2/F, HKJC Building for Interdisciplinary Research, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
- Department of Social Work & Social Administration, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
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King JD, McQuaid A, Leeson VC, Tella O, Crawford MJ. Characterising subgroups of people with severe COVID anxiety by latent profile analysis. J Affect Disord 2024; 344:115-121. [PMID: 37827258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with severe COVID anxiety have had experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic which are overwhelming, and have led to patterns of behaviours that add little protective benefit but are at the expense of other priorities in life. It appears to be a complex social and psychological phenomenon, influenced by demographic and social factors. Identifying subgroups of people with severe COVID anxiety would better place clinicians to assess and support this distress where indicated. METHODS Measurement tools assessing depression, generalised and health anxiety, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, personality difficulty and alcohol use from 284 people living in United Kingdom with severe COVID anxiety were explored with latent profile analysis. Further analyses examined the associations of identified clusters with demographic and social factors and daily functioning, quality of life and protective behaviours. RESULTS A model with 4 classes provided the best fit. Distinct patterns of psychopathology emerged which were variably associated with demographic factors and COVID behaviours. LIMITATIONS Given the complex aetiology of COVID anxiety a number of factors which might better cluster subgroups are likely to have gone uncollected. Moreover, using data collected at a single time-point limits these results' ability to conclude whether observed relationships were the product of the pandemic or longstanding. CONCLUSIONS People living with severe COVID anxiety are a heterogenous group. This analysis adds to evidence that certain health behaviours and demographic factors are inextricably linked to poor mental health in people with COVID anxiety, and that targeting health behaviours with specific intervention might be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob D King
- Division of Psychiatry, Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
| | - Aisling McQuaid
- Division of Psychiatry, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Verity C Leeson
- Division of Psychiatry, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Oluwaseun Tella
- Division of Psychiatry, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Mike J Crawford
- Division of Psychiatry, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
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Monte V, Ang JYZ, Tsai W. Negative COVID-19 impacts and depressive symptoms over time among first-year college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024; 72:219-228. [PMID: 35113772 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2032085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This study examined the disruptions to social life, financial impact, and academic concerns caused by COVID-19 experienced by first-year college students, as well as their associations with depressive symptoms over time. Participants and Methods: Five hundred and thirty freshman college students completed an online survey at baseline and 14-week follow-up. Results: We found that female students reported greater COVID-19 academic concerns than males. Black students endorsed lower COVID-19 academic concerns and Latinx students reported greater negative COVID-19 financial impact compared to other ethnic groups. First-generation college students reported greater negative COVID-19 financial impact than domestic students. COVID-19 academic concerns and negative social and financial impacts were associated with greater depressive symptoms at baseline. However, only COVID-19 academic concerns were associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms over time. Conclusions: Findings suggest that the academic, social, and financial disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic have negative mental health consequences that should be addressed in research and university settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Monte
- Applied Psychology, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - William Tsai
- Applied Psychology, New York University, New York, New York, USA
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Saez-Clarke E, Otto AK, Prinsloo S, Natori A, Wagner RW, Gomez TI, Ochoa JM, Tworoger SS, Ulrich CM, Hathaway CA, Peoples AR, Antoni MH, Bower JE, Cohen L, Penedo FJ. Development and initial psychometric evaluation of a COVID-related psychosocial experiences questionnaire for cancer survivors. Qual Life Res 2023; 32:3475-3494. [PMID: 37358738 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-023-03456-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer survivors are at elevated risk of psychological problems related to COVID-19, yet no published measure adequately assesses their psychosocial experiences during the pandemic. PURPOSE Describe the development and factor structure of a comprehensive, self-report measure (COVID-19 Practical and Psychosocial Experiences questionnaire [COVID-PPE]) assessing the pandemic's impact on US cancer survivors. METHODS The sample (n = 10,584) was divided into three groups to assess COVID-PPE factor structure by conducting: (1) initial calibration/exploratory analysis of the factor structure of 37 items (n = 5070), (2) confirmatory factor analysis of the best-fitting model (36 items after item removal; n = 5140), and (3) post-hoc confirmatory analysis with an additional six items not collected in the first two groups (42 items; n = 374). RESULTS The final COVID-PPE was divided into two sets of subscales, conceptualized as Risk Factors and Protective Factors. The five Risk Factors subscales were labeled Anxiety Symptoms, Depression Symptoms, Health Care Disruptions, Disruptions to Daily Activities and Social Interactions, and Financial Hardship. The four Protective Factors subscales were labeled Perceived Benefits, Provider Satisfaction, Perceived Stress Management Skills, and Social Support. Internal consistency was acceptable for seven subscales (αs = 0.726-0.895; ωs = 0.802-0.895) but poor or questionable for the remaining two subscales (αs = 0.599-0.681; ωs = 0.586-0.692). CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first published self-report measure comprehensively capturing psychosocial impact-both positive and negative-of the pandemic on cancer survivors. Future work should evaluate predictive utility of COVID-PPE subscales, particularly as the pandemic evolves, which may inform recommendations for cancer survivors and facilitate identification of survivors most in need of intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefany Saez-Clarke
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Amy K Otto
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth Campus, Duluth, MN, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sarah Prinsloo
- Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Akina Natori
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Richard W Wagner
- Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Telma I Gomez
- Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jewel M Ochoa
- Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shelley S Tworoger
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Cornelia M Ulrich
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Cassandra A Hathaway
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Anita R Peoples
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Michael H Antoni
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Julienne E Bower
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry/Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lorenzo Cohen
- Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Frank J Penedo
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
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Goodwill JR, Fike KJ. Black in the pandemic: Comparing experiences of mistrust, anxiety, and the COVID-19 vaccine among Black adults in the U.S. Soc Sci Med 2023; 338:116302. [PMID: 37871396 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccine decisions are shaped by many factors including historical and contemporary patterns of medical mistreatment of marginalized communities. In attending to these concerns, we measured whether fear of COVID-19, general feelings of mistrust, and race-specific mistrust of the government and healthcare providers are indirectly associated with COVID-19 vaccination status via anxiety among Black Americans. We analyzed responses from 996 Black adults who participated in the AmeriSpeak panel - a nationally representative probability-based sample recruited from the National Opinion Research Center from April-June 2022. We used multiple-group structural equation modeling to compare outcomes among those who lost a loved one to COVID-19 to those who did not. Results indicate that fear of COVID-19 was associated with a greater probability of being fully vaccinated for those who lost a family member/friend. Race-specific mistrust was positively associated with anxiety, but was negatively associated with being fully vaccinated for bereaved Black Americans. Targeted efforts are needed to specifically reach those who lost a loved one to COVID-19. More within-group evaluations are needed to identify barriers to COVID-19 vaccination that are specific to Black Americans living with loss and grief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle R Goodwill
- University of Chicago, Crown Family School of Social Work, Policy, and Practice, United States.
| | - Kayla J Fike
- Vanderbilt University, Peabody College of Education and Human Development, United States
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Bacon AM, Charlesford J, Hyland M, Puskas T, Hughes P. Finding Silver Linings in the Covid-19 Pandemic: A 2-Wave Study in the UK. Psychol Rep 2023:332941231219788. [PMID: 38032051 DOI: 10.1177/00332941231219788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic has resulted in widespread anxiety, fear and depression, yet focussing only on these negative issues may obscure the opportunity to promote positivity and resilience. Traumatic events can often result in positive life changes (adversarial growth) though there is little evidence in the context of pandemics, and no previous studies in Covid-19 with the general public. The present research investigated whether adversarial growth was perceived in Covid-19 and whether this could account for variance in wellbeing, over and above effects of personality traits. Participants recruited from the UK public (N = 183) completed the Big Five Personality Inventory, the WHO-5 Wellbeing Scale and the Silver Lining Questionnaire (SLQ) measure of adversarial growth. Questionnaires were completed online, at two timepoints, nine months apart. At Time 1, wellbeing was negatively associated with trait Neuroticism and positively associated with Openness to experience. Both associations were positively mediated by SLQ score. At Time 2, SLQ score again mediated the effects of Openness on wellbeing, and also the influence of wellbeing at Time 1 on that at Time 2. Reported Silver Linings included strengthened personal relationships at Time 1, and improved ability to handle life events at Time 2. This suggests a shift from an appreciation of relationships to an awareness of personal development once life returned to some semblance of normality. Overall, results suggest that perceived adversarial growth supported wellbeing during the pandemic and highlight a focus for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M Bacon
- School of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | | | - Michael Hyland
- School of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Tilla Puskas
- School of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Poppy Hughes
- School of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
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Ocagli H, Azzolina D, Francavilla A, Aydin E, Baldas S, Cocciaglia A, Rodriguez H, Gregori D, Lorenzoni G, Gruber M. Management of Pediatric Foreign Body Injuries during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results of an International Survey. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1845. [PMID: 38136047 PMCID: PMC10741619 DOI: 10.3390/children10121845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had direct and indirect effects on daily life. In hospitals, the impact of the pandemic was observed in the diagnostic and therapeutic workflow. In this work, we explored potential changes in activities related to the treatment of foreign body injuries (FBIs) in children and the behavioral habits of physicians during the first wave of the pandemic. An online survey was conducted among physicians of the Susy Safe network. The survey comprised items related to respondent information, reference center characteristics, the treatment of FBIs during the COVID-19 pandemic, and a modified COVID-19 Anxiety Scale (CAS). The survey was distributed among the Susy Safe project international network surveillance registry for FBIs. A total of 58 physicians responded to the survey, including 18 (32%) from Europe and 16 (28%) from South America. The respondents indicated that the estimated number of aspirated foreign bodies during the pandemic was lower than or the same as that before the pandemic (43, 74%), and the same was observed for ingested foreign bodies (43, 74%). In univariable logistic regression, no single predictor was associated with a delay in routine care for children or an increasing tendency of medical personnel to avoid procedures. The workflow of physicians involved in the management of FBIs in children has not changed drastically during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in emergency departments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honoria Ocagli
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences, and Public Health, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy; (H.O.); (D.A.); (A.F.); (G.L.)
| | - Danila Azzolina
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences, and Public Health, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy; (H.O.); (D.A.); (A.F.); (G.L.)
- Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Andrea Francavilla
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences, and Public Health, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy; (H.O.); (D.A.); (A.F.); (G.L.)
| | - Emrah Aydin
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, School of Medicine, Koç University, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Solidea Baldas
- Protecting Children Association (Prochild) Onlus, 34129 Trieste, Italy;
| | | | - Hugo Rodriguez
- Hospital de Pediatría Juan P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires C1245, Argentina;
| | - Dario Gregori
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences, and Public Health, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy; (H.O.); (D.A.); (A.F.); (G.L.)
| | - Giulia Lorenzoni
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences, and Public Health, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy; (H.O.); (D.A.); (A.F.); (G.L.)
| | - Maayan Gruber
- Galilee Medical Center, Azrieli faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Haifa 22100, Israel;
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48
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Wu J, Qiu L, Xiong W, Shen Y, Li J, Wu J, Zhou Q. COVID-19 anxiety and related factors amid adjusted epidemic prevention policies: a cross-sectional study on patients with late-life depression in China. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e072725. [PMID: 38000824 PMCID: PMC10680000 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-072725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the prevalence and associated factors of COVID-19 anxiety in patients with late-life depression (LLD) during the adjustment of epidemic prevention policies in China. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING The data analysed in this study were collected from seven regions in China between November 2022 and January 2023. PARTICIPANTS A total of 1205 patients with LLD (aged 60-78 years) participated in the survey. They completed a social demographic assessment and the Chinese version of the five-point Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS). PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was the anxiety level of the participants. Patients were categorised into two groups based on their anxiety levels, one with anxiety and one without, according to CAS scores. RESULTS The prevalence of COVID-19 anxiety in depressed older adults was 47.3%. Regression analysis revealed that the average COVID-19 anxiety score was significantly higher among females (AOR: 2.177, 95% CI 1.201 to 3.947), widowed individuals (AOR: 3.015, 95% CI 1.379 to 6.591), patients residing at a distance from healthcare facilities (AOR: 3.765, 95% CI 1.906 to 7.438), and those who frequently experienced worry (AOR: 1.984, 95% CI 1.111 to 3.543). Conversely, the anxiety score was significantly lower among divorced individuals (AOR: 0.491, 95% CI 0.245 to 0.988), those aged 70 years and above (AOR: 0.117, 95% CI 0.064 to 0.213), patients without difficulty obtaining medication (AOR: 0.027, 95% CI 0.007 to 0.097), those living with family members (AOR: 0.080, 95% CI 0.022 to 0.282) or in nursing homes compared with those living alone (AOR: 0.019, 95% CI 0.004 to 0.087). CONCLUSION Women with LLD who are widowed, live far from healthcare facilities, and are prone to excessive worry are more likely to experience anxiety. It is advisable to implement appropriate preventive measures and provide psychosocial support programmes for this vulnerable group during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhong Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linghe Qiu
- Department of General Psychiatry, The Affiliated Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wendian Xiong
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing First Hospital, Nangjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ju Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Provincial Rongjun Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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49
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Alsalim A, Rylance-Graham R. The causative factors of psychological distress and mental ill-health among ICU nurses during the pandemic. BRITISH JOURNAL OF NURSING (MARK ALLEN PUBLISHING) 2023; 32:1026-1030. [PMID: 38006594 DOI: 10.12968/bjon.2023.32.21.1026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic had a global impact on health systems and health professionals. Nurses, particularly those working in intensive care units (ICUs), held a central critical role in the care of COVID-19 patients, facing numerous challenges in the delivery of care, leading to significant psychological and mental health issues. This article reports on findings from a qualitative narrative review of the literature related to psychological ill-being and mental health of ICU nurses' during the pandemic. Four key themes emerged: (1) isolation (2) workload (3) clinical preparedness and lack of protocols and (4) fear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna Alsalim
- MSc Nursing Student, School of Health Sciences, University of Liverpool, at the time of writing this article
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50
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Ahn C, Noh GY. Development and Validation of Korean 'COVID-blues' Social Syndrome Scale. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2023:1-10. [PMID: 37955057 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2023.2279668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on measuring the effects of COVID-19 on mental health both at cultural and individual levels. Although many COVID-19 studies used previous COVID-19 measurements such as FCV-19S, GAD-7, PHQ-9, DASS-21, CSS, CAS, or CSI, these clinical psychology measurements did not include cultural aspects as suggested by pathogen prevalence hypothesis : Pathogen prevalence argues that psychological responses of collectivists involve clinical response as well as cultural group response, driven by strong collectivism. This study developed new "COVID-blues" scale that measure individual and cultural aspects of COVID-stress in collectivistic society context. Specifically, this study developed and validated 25-items that measure individual loneliness, fear, social anger, and socioeconomic consequences. Results of this study indicated that: (1) COVID-related stress can occur at both the individual and cultural levels, and (2) COVID-blues not only increase fear but also anger; that is, the higher the score on the COVID-blues scale, the higher the fear and anger of each individual. The findings presented robust 25-item multidimensional COVID-blues scale which can be used for conducting future health communication studies using theories such as health belief model, theory of planned behavior, or social cognitive theory in collective countries such as South Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhyun Ahn
- Health and New Media Research Institute, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si, South Korea
| | - Ghee Young Noh
- Media School, Hallym university, Chuncheon-si, South Korea
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