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Ash E, Xu Y, Pool R, Schulenberg K, Mikkilineni SD, Baraka T. Exemplification Effects on Policy Support: Exemplar Familiarity, Narrative Vividness, and Perceptions of Maternal Health Disparities. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2024; 39:984-997. [PMID: 37069499 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2023.2200907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
This research examined the relationship between exemplar characteristics and concern for maternal health disparities. A two-wave 2 (familiarity) X 2 (vividness) between-subjects experiment tested the effects of exemplar familiarity and vividness on attitudes toward maternal health and maternal health disparities, perceptions of disparate risk, and policy support after exposure to a story about a mother who faced complications during childbirth and again three to five days later. The moderating role of political ideology was also examined. Results revealed positive effects of vividness on attitudes toward maternal mortality in general, attitudes toward maternal health disparities, and support for policies to address them in the short-term. Effects on general attitudes persisted three to five days later. Contrary to predictions, no effects were found for familiarity at Time 1. A familiar exemplar elicited more negative attitudes toward maternal mortality at Time 2. Examination of the moderating role of politics revealed the impact of vividness on general attitudes and policy support was greater among conservative participants, compared to more liberal participants. In addition to extending the applicability of exemplification theory to perceptions of risk toward others and subsequent policy support, this research has practical applications for bringing public attention to racial health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Ash
- Department of Communication, Clemson University
| | - Yiwei Xu
- Department of Communication, Cornell University
| | | | | | | | - Toni Baraka
- Department of Communication, Clemson University
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Bilişli Y, Keser İ, Erdoğan A, Çakmak F, Kayan F, Saygın N. Exploring stigmatization in digital newspaper coverage of substance use disorder. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28694. [PMID: 38571666 PMCID: PMC10988046 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Substance use disorder is a global health issue that profoundly affects both individuals and societies. Social stigma acts as a significant barrier to treatment motivation. Mass media plays a substantial role in shaping societal perceptions. This study aims to identify stigmatizing attitudes in news narratives concerning substance use disorder as portrayed in digital newspapers. We examined news articles from the top eight national digital newspapers published during 2022 by using quantitative and retrospective content analysis. Following the review, we collected 1.233 news articles, removed 480 articles which were irrelevant or duplicate, and analyzed the remaining 753 articles using quantitative content analysis methods on SPSS 26.0. The majority of news articles depict substance use disorder in a negative consideration. The analysis revealed that nearly all news sources were news agencies and only 11% of the articles offered potential solutions. Alarmingly, 69.7% of the articles contained stigmatizing content, while 53.1% directly impacted the social lives of individuals with substance use disorder. Furthermore, 44.1% of the articles reinforced a dangerous perception associated with individuals with substance use disorder. To address these issues, we recommend a more empathetic portrayal of substance use disorder, support for help-seeking behavior, and advocacy for effective solutions in news coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Bilişli
- Department of Office Services and Secretariat, Social Sciences Vocational School, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Türkiye
| | - İlkay Keser
- Faculty of Nursing, Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Türkiye
| | - Ali Erdoğan
- Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Türkiye
| | - Fatma Çakmak
- Fethiye Faculty of Business Administration, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Türkiye
| | - Fahrettin Kayan
- Department of Office Services and Secretariat, Social Sciences Vocational School, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Türkiye
| | - Nimet Saygın
- Child Advocacy Center, Antalya Educational and Research Hospital, Antalya, Türkiye
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Zhou C, Kim S. Testing the Effect of an Interactive Narrative: The Mediating Role of Transportation and the Moderating Roles of Narrative Ending and Issue Involvement. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2023; 38:2915-2924. [PMID: 36138515 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2022.2126693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
There has been a growing literature focusing on the persuasive effect of interactive narratives, but the findings are mixed. Furthermore, very few studies have examined how the impact of interactive narratives varies depending on story features and characteristics of the recipients. Informed by the research of interactive narratives and message framing, the current study empirically tests the indirect effect of an interactive narrative on attitude change using a digital anti-indoor tanning game, with transportation as a mediator and narrative ending and issue involvement as two second-stage moderators. Findings suggested a moderated moderated mediation relationship in which the indirect effect of the interactive narrative was the strongest for low-involvement participants when they experienced a loss-framed ending and was the weakest for high-involvement participants when they encountered the same type of ending. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Zhou
- Department of Communication, Florida International University
| | - Soyoon Kim
- Department of Communication Studies, University of Miami
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Suresh S, Demetriades SZ, Walter N, Montoya JA, Plant A, Barker K, Orvañanos C, Carranza J. From Watching to Calling: Linking Variations in an Entertainment-Education Storyline with Calls to a Health Hotline. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2023:1-12. [PMID: 37904280 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2023.2275923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Substantial gaps exist in the theoretical conceptualization and practical development of entertainment-education, as studies often fail to account for the ways in which intrinsic message characteristics influence subsequent behavior. These gaps served as the impetus for an international collaborative project that evaluated Vencer el Miedo ("Overcome the Fear"), a Spanish-language program that aired in Mexico from January to March 2020. The telenovela was produced with the aim of improving sexual and reproductive health knowledge and behaviors by modeling effective ways to discuss and negotiate safer sex practices. The show was accompanied by a telephone hotline called OrientaSEX operated by professional counselors from MEXFAM, Planned Parenthood's Mexican affiliate. Utilizing an interrupted time series analysis of calls made to OrientaSEX (N = 11,878) and focusing on changes in the volume of calls and the identity of callers following key moments in the storyline, the findings support the central role played by transitional characters and their similarity to audience members. Implications of these results for the theory and practice of entertainment-education are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Suresh
- Department of Communication Studies, Northwestern University
| | | | - Nathan Walter
- Department of Communication Studies, Northwestern University
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Cadenhead VH. Storytelling: An Educational Intervention for Oral Learners. J Christ Nurs 2023; 40:253-259. [PMID: 35533288 DOI: 10.1097/cnj.0000000000000981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT This state of the science review synthesizes the current literature and theoretical background of storytelling as a health communication tool for oral learners. Storytelling is globally applicable in a variety of settings and formats. Cultural considerations are important. Both theoretical and biblical examples explain how storytelling can influence knowledge, behaviors, attitudes, and outcomes. Although further research is needed, evidence indicates storytelling is an effective tool that nurses can use to fulfill their essential duty of health teaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia H Cadenhead
- Virginia H. Cadenhead, PhD, MSN, RN, CNM , is an assistant professor of nursing at California Baptist University, Riverside, CA. She has more than 23 years of transcultural nursing experience as a missionary in North Africa and Central America
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Shin Y, Miller-Day M, Pettigrew J, Hecht ML. Does Narrative Quality Matter During Implementation of a School-Based Prevention Intervention? A Test of Narrative Engagement Theory. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2023; 28:526-538. [PMID: 37401175 PMCID: PMC10527670 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2023.2231886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Narratives play a powerful role in sharing meaning and making sense of experiences. Specifically, health narratives convey storylines, characters, and messages about health-related behaviors and provide audiences with models for healthy behaviors, prompting audiences' health-related reflections and decision-making. Narrative engagement theory (NET) explains how personal narratives can be integrated into interventions to promote health. This study utilizes NET to test direct and indirect effects of teachers' narrative quality on adolescent outcomes during a school-based substance use prevention intervention that includes narrative pedagogy and an implementation strategy. Observational coding of teacher narratives in video-recorded lessons along with self-report student surveys (N = 1,683) were subjected to path analysis. Findings showed significant direct effects of narrative quality on student engagement, norms (i.e. personal, best-friend injunctive, and descriptive norms), and substance use behavior. The analysis also yielded support for indirect effects of narrative quality on adolescent substance use behavior via student engagement, personal norms, and descriptive norms. Findings highlight important issues related to teacher-student interaction during implementation and contributes implications for adolescent substance use prevention research.
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Affiliation(s)
- YoungJu Shin
- Department of Organizational Sciences and Communication, George Washington University
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Dudley MZ, Squires GK, Petroske TM, Dawson S, Brewer J. The Use of Narrative in Science and Health Communication: A Scoping Review. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2023; 112:107752. [PMID: 37068426 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2023.107752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many people deny science and reject health recommendations despite widely distributed facts and statistics. Didactic science and health communication is often dry, and relies on the false assumption that people make purely evidence-based decisions. Stories can be a powerful teaching tool by capturing attention and evoking emotion. OBJECTIVE We explore the impact and appeal of, and describe best practices for, using narrative (storytelling) versus didactic methods in science and health communication. PATIENT INVOLVEMENT No patients were involved in the review process. METHODS We searched PubMed and Web of Science for articles either: assessing effectiveness of narrative science/health communication; assessing acceptability of (or preference for) narrative science/health communication; giving advice on how best to use narrative; and/or providing science-based explanations for how/why narrative succeeds. RESULTS Narrative science/health communication is effective and appealing for audiences across a variety of topics and mediums, with supporting evidence across fields such as epidemiology, neuroscience, and psychology. Whether narrative or didactic messaging is most effective depends on the topic, audience, and objective, as well as message quality. However, combining narrative with didactic methods is likely to be more effective than using either strategy alone. DISCUSSION Narrative science/health communication merits wider implementation and further research. Narrative communication creates openness to information by delaying the formulation of counterarguments. PRACTICAL VALUE Science and health communicators should collaborate with cultural and storytelling experts, work directly with their target audiences throughout the message development and testing processes, and rely on popular story elements (e.g., first-person point of view, relatable protagonists) to improve the comprehension, engagement, and thoughtful consideration of their intended audience. FUNDING This work was funded by Thirty Meter Telescope, with which two authors (GKS and SD) were affiliated. Otherwise, the funding organization had no role in the study and/or submission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Z Dudley
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, w5041, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Institute for Vaccine Safety, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, w5041, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Gordon K Squires
- California Institute of Technology / IPAC, 1200 E California Blvd, 315 Keith Spalding, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | | | - Sandra Dawson
- Thirty Meter Telescope International Observatory, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Janesse Brewer
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, w5041, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Institute for Vaccine Safety, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, w5041, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Osei EA. Innovations in healthcare delivery: Human papilloma virus self sampling diagnostics and participatory innovations for CCS. Cancer Med 2023; 12:15544-15551. [PMID: 37325887 PMCID: PMC10417092 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a major contributor to the development of cervical cancer, resulting in over 500,000 cases and 266,000 deaths annually worldwide. Previous cervical cancer screening programs have been successful in reducing cervical cancer rates, but have faced challenges such as low acceptance and adherence rates. Innovations in screening technology, such as the HerSwab self-sampling test, have the potential to increase awareness, acceptance, and participation in cervical cancer screening programs. AIM This literature review examines the effectiveness of HerSwab and participatory innovations in increasing adherence to cervical cancer screening. METHOD This manuscript comprised a comprehensive narrative literature review encompassing the years 2006-2022. The review process adhered to the PRISMA diagram as a guiding framework. Among the search terms utilized, a total of 200 articles were initially retrieved. However, after applying the predefined inclusion criteria, only 57 articles were included. RESULTS The HerSwab self-sampling test is described, including how it is performed, challenges, and facilitators, and evaluation and assessment of its effectiveness. While the HerSwab diagnostic test is not currently widely available, studies should assess its feasibility in less developed countries where cervical cancer mortality rates are high. CONCLUSION By increasing awareness and availability of innovative screening techniques, such as HerSwab, we can work toward reducing the incidence of cervical cancer and improving outcomes for women worldwide.
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Ribeiro N, Carvalho L, Oliveira P, Marcos NT. Development and process evaluation of a new entertainment-education TV series for cancer prevention in Portugal. Health Promot Int 2023; 38:daad065. [PMID: 37326410 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daad065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a primary societal challenge worldwide, with over 23 million new cases/year, and 10 million deaths/year. Estimates of preventable cancer deaths rise as high as 70%, but such estimates rely heavily on individual behaviors, which in turn are correlated with knowledge and attitudes towards health and cancer. This paper describes the iterative evidence-based development of the first entertainment-education series on cancer prevention to be televised, and reports its effectiveness evaluation. A nominal group defined the guiding principles that were translated into key characteristics for a series named '2' Life-changing minutes'. Pilot episodes were produced and evaluated in two complementary studies-a focus group study with medical doctors and a survey study with prospective viewers. Results from these studies guided the optimization and production of the full series, which was broadcast on national public TV, in prime time. An evaluation study was performed afterwards with naturally-occurring viewers and results show audience reach on par with purely entertainment series, that health messages can be clearly conveyed through fictional narratives, and that the series has high levels of appreciation and health promotion potential. '2' Life-changing minutes' constitutes a novel and effective proposal for health promotion, that challenges the primacy of information and statistics still common in health communication, with a new format based on stories, characters and social contexts to successfully promote health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Ribeiro
- Cancer Prevention Unit, Ipatimup, Institute of Pathology and Molecular Immunology of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- i3S, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Carvalho
- Cancer Prevention Unit, Ipatimup, Institute of Pathology and Molecular Immunology of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- i3S, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Oliveira
- EPIUnit, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno T Marcos
- Cancer Prevention Unit, Ipatimup, Institute of Pathology and Molecular Immunology of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- i3S, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Okuhara T, Kagawa Y, Okada H, Tsunezumi A, Kiuchi T. Intervention studies to encourage HPV vaccination using narrative: A scoping review. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2023; 111:107689. [PMID: 36868003 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2023.107689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This review aimed to provide an overview of intervention studies that aimed to encourage HPV vaccination using narratives. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and PsycARTICLES for English language articles that quantitatively examined the persuasive effect of narratives on encouraging HPV vaccination through interventions. RESULTS A total of 25 studies were identified. Most studies were conducted in the United States of America, adopted a convenient sampling of university students, measured vaccination intention as the primary outcome, and used text messages in the interventions. A minority of the studies measured vaccination behavior and examined the long-term effects of persuasion. Narratives were as effective as didactics and statistics in encouraging HPV vaccination in most included studies. The findings were mixed or scarce for the effect of combining narratives and statistics, and the person (the first vs. third), narrator, framing, and content of narratives. CONCLUSION More findings from a broader range of well-designed studies are needed to determine which narratives can encourage HPV vaccination across different populations. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Findings indicated using narratives can be a part of repertoire of messages encouraging HPV vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Okuhara
- Department of Health Communication, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yumi Kagawa
- Department of Health Communication, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Okada
- Department of Health Communication, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aiko Tsunezumi
- Department of Health Communication, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kiuchi
- Department of Health Communication, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
Perioperative medicine remains an evolving, interdisciplinary subspecialty, which encompasses the unique perspectives and incorporates the respective vital expertise of numerous stakeholders. This integrated model of perioperative medicine and care has a wide-ranging set of clinical, strategic, and operational goals. Among these various programmatic goals, a subset of 4, specific, interdependent goals include (1) enhancing patient-centered care, (2) embracing shared decision-making, (3) optimizing health literacy, and (4) avoiding futile surgery. Achieving and sustaining this subset of 4 goals requires continued innovative approaches to perioperative care. The burgeoning field of narrative medicine represents 1 such innovative approach to perioperative care. Narrative medicine is considered the most prominent recent development in the medical humanities. Its central tenet is that attention to narrative-in the form of the patient's story, the clinician's story, or a story constructed together by the patient and clinician-is essential for optimal patient care. If we can view the health care experience through the patient's eyes, we will become more responsive to patients' needs and, thereby, better clinicians. There is a potential clinical nexus between the perioperative medicine practice and narrative medicine skills, which, if capitalized, can maximize perioperative patient care. There are a number of untapped educational and research opportunities in this fruitful nexus between perioperative medicine and narrative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R Vetter
- From the Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care, Dell Medical School at the University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
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Cooley ME, Castaldi PJ, Mazzola E, Blazey MU, Nayak MM, Healey MJ, Lathan CS, Borondy-Kitts A, DeMarco RF, Kim SS. Protocol for a randomized controlled trial of the Enhanced Smoking Cessation Approach to Promote Empowerment (ESCAPE) digitalized intervention to promote lung health in high-risk individuals who smoke. Contemp Clin Trials 2023; 124:107005. [PMID: 36396069 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2022.107005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Low dose computed tomography (LDCT) is an effective screening test to decrease lung cancer deaths. Lung cancer screening may be a teachable moment helping people who smoke to quit, which may result in increased benefit of screening. Innovative strategies are needed to engage high-risk individuals in learning about LDCT screening. More precise methods such as polygenic risk scores quantify genetic predisposition to tobacco use, and optimize lung health interventions. We present the ESCAPE (Enhanced Smoking Cessation Approach to Promote Empowerment) protocol. This study will test a smoking cessation intervention using personal stories and a lung cancer screening decision-aide compared to standard care (brief advice, referral to a quit line, and a lung cancer screening decision-aide), examine the relationship between a polygenic risk score and smoking abstinence, and describe perceptions about integration of genomic information into smoking cessation treatment. A randomized controlled trial followed by a sequential explanatory mixed methods approach will compare the efficacy of the interventions. Interviews will add insight into the use of genomic information and risk perceptions to tailor smoking cessation treatment. Two-hundred and fifty individuals will be recruited from primary care, community-based organizations, mailing lists and through social media. Data will be collected at baseline, 1, 3 and 6-months. The primary outcomes are 7-day point prevalence smoking abstinence and stage of lung cancer screening at 6-months. The results from this study will provide information to refine the ESCAPE intervention and facilitate integration of precision health into future lung health interventions. Clinical trial registration number: NCT0469129T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Cooley
- Phyllis F. Cantor Center, Research in Nursing and Patient Care Services, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America.
| | - Peter J Castaldi
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America.
| | - Emanuele Mazzola
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, CLSB 11007, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America.
| | - Meghan Underhill Blazey
- School of Nursing, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, United States of America.
| | - Manan M Nayak
- Phyllis F. Cantor Center, Research in Nursing and Patient Care Services, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America.
| | - Michael J Healey
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America.
| | - Christopher S Lathan
- Department of Medicine, Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America.
| | | | - Rosanna F DeMarco
- Department of Nursing, Robert and Donna Manning College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125, United States of America.
| | - Sun S Kim
- Department of Nursing, Robert and Donna Manning College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125, United States of America.
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Aminpour P, Helgeson JF, Ferraro PJ. The choice of message and messenger to drive behavior change that averts the health impacts of wildfires: an online randomized controlled experiment. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2359. [PMID: 36527107 PMCID: PMC9756613 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14801-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To reduce the negative health effects from wildfire smoke exposure, effective risk and health communication strategies are vital. We estimated the behavioral effects from changes in message framing and messenger in public health messages about wildfire smoke on Facebook. METHODS During September and October 2021, we conducted a preregistered online randomized controlled experiment in Facebook. Adult Facebook users (n = 1,838,100), living in nine wildfire-prone Western U.S. states, were randomly assigned to see one of two ad versions (narrative frame vs. informational frame) from one of two messengers (government vs. academic). We estimated the effects of narrative framing, the messenger, and their interactions on ad click-through rates, a measure of recipient information-seeking behavior. RESULTS Narrative frame increased click-through rates by 25.3% (95% CI = 22.2, 28.4%), with larger estimated effects among males, recipients in areas with less frequent exposure to heavy wildfire smoke, and in areas where predominant political party affiliation of registered voters was Republican (although not statistically different from predominantly-Democrat areas). The estimated effect from an academic messenger compared to a government messenger was small and statistically nonsignificant (2.2%; 95% CI = - 0.3, 4.7%). The estimated interaction effect between the narrative framing and the academic messenger was also small and statistically nonsignificant (3.9%; 95% CI = - 1.1, 9.1%). CONCLUSIONS Traditional public service announcements rely heavily on communicating facts (informational framing). Shifting from a fact-focused, informational framing to a story-focused, narrative framing could lead to more effective health communication in areas at risk of wildfires and in public health contexts more broadly. TRIAL REGISTRATION Date registered: August 19, 2021; Registration DOI: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/JMWUF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payam Aminpour
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, a joint department of the Whiting School of Engineering and Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA ,grid.94225.38000000012158463XApplied Economics Office, Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA
| | - Jennifer F. Helgeson
- grid.94225.38000000012158463XApplied Economics Office, Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA
| | - Paul J. Ferraro
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, a joint department of the Whiting School of Engineering and Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Carey Business School, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA
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Koskan A, Cantley A, Li R, Silvestro K, Helitzer D. College Students' Digital Media Preferences for future HPV Vaccine Campaigns. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2022; 37:1743-1751. [PMID: 33934288 PMCID: PMC8088485 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-021-02022-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the USA, although college-aged populations are at the greatest risk for initial infection with human papillomavirus (HPV), they are one of the age-based populations with lower HPV vaccine rates, largely due to their lack of perceived need to vaccinate against HPV. Health communication campaigns can help address this perception. This research identifies college students' preferred digital media channels for future HPV vaccine communication campaigns. We conducted qualitative small group interviews with 28 students from one large southwestern university. We used an inductive approach to hand-code interview transcripts, develop a coding structure, and analyze themes that emerged from the data. More than half of the study participants had never heard of the HPV vaccine before participating in a small group interview. When asked how they prefer to receive information about the vaccine, students more often recommended creating educational videos featuring healthcare providers and other college students and sharing them on YouTube. Some students recommended creating and posting health information memes and infographics to Instagram to disseminate the most critical information students need to make an informed decision to receive the vaccine. Given the prominent role of social media and the popularity of video-sharing and image-sharing sites, health educators and communicators should utilize these technologies to promote the HPV vaccine, a cancer prevention resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Koskan
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 425 N. 5thStreet, Phoenix, AZ 85004 USA
| | - Alison Cantley
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 425 N. 5thStreet, Phoenix, AZ 85004 USA
| | - Rina Li
- Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ USA
| | | | - Deborah Helitzer
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 425 N. 5thStreet, Phoenix, AZ 85004 USA
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Trivedi N, Lowry M, Gaysynsky A, Chou WYS. Factors Associated with Cancer Message Believability: a Mixed Methods Study on Simulated Facebook Posts. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2022; 37:1870-1878. [PMID: 34145508 PMCID: PMC8213533 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-021-02054-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The ability to share and obtain health information on social media (SM) places higher burden on individuals to evaluate the believability of such health messages given the growing nature of misinformation circulating on SM. Message features (i.e., format, veracity), message source, and an individual's health literacy all play significant roles in how a person evaluates health messages on SM. This study assesses how message features and SM users' health literacy predict assessment of message believability and time spent looking at simulated Facebook messages. SM users (N = 53) participated in a mixed methods experimental study, using eye-tracking technology, to measure relative time and message believability. Measures included individual health literacy, message format (narrative/non-narrative), and information veracity (evidence-based/non-evidence-based). Results showed individuals with adequate health literacy rated evidence-based posts as more believable than non-evidence-based posts. Additionally, individuals with limited health literacy spent more relative time on the source compared to individuals with adequate health literacy. Public health and health communication efforts should focus on addressing myths and misinformation found on SM. Additionally, the source of message may be equally important when evaluating messages on SM, and strategies should identify reliable sources to prevent limited health literate individuals from falling prey to misinformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Trivedi
- Behavioral Research Program, Health Communication and Informatics Research Branch, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, 3E624, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Mark Lowry
- Behavioral Research Program, Health Communication and Informatics Research Branch, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, 3E624, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | | | - Wen-Ying Sylvia Chou
- Behavioral Research Program, Health Communication and Informatics Research Branch, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, 3E624, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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16
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Silliman M, Alber JM, Gib S, Gee M, Conover S, Chan C, Cohen C, Freeland C, Racho R. Comparing lengths and inclusion of information in storytelling videos: Implications for Hepatitis B education. PEC INNOVATION 2022; 1:100049. [PMID: 37213761 PMCID: PMC10194295 DOI: 10.1016/j.pecinn.2022.100049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Objectives This study examined whether adding disease-specific facts into storytelling videos and altering video length would lead to differences in overall ratings of the video and the storyteller, as well as hepatitis B prevention beliefs, among Asian American and Pacific Islander adults. Methods A sample of Asian American and Pacific Islander adults (N = 409) completed an online survey. Each participant was randomly assigned to 1 of 4 conditions that varied in video length and use of additional hepatitis B facts. Linear regressions were used to examine differences in outcomes (i.e., video rating, speaker rating, perceived effectiveness, hepatitis B prevention beliefs) by conditions. Results Condition 2, which added facts to the original full-length video, was significantly related to higher speaker ratings (i.e., the storyteller's rating) compared to Condition 1, the original full-length video with no added facts, p = 0.016. Condition 3, which added facts to the shortened video, was significantly related to lower overall video ratings (i.e., how much participants liked the videos overall) compared to Condition 1, p = 0.001. There were no significant differences in higher positive hepatitis B prevention beliefs across conditions. Conclusions Results suggest that adding disease-specific facts to storytelling for patient education may improve initial perceptions of storytelling videos; however, more research is needed to examine long-term effects. Innovation Aspects of storytelling videos such as length and additional information have been rarely explored in storytelling research. This study provides evidence that exploring these aspects is informative to future storytelling campaigns and disease-specific prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Silliman
- California Polytechnic State University, Department of Kinesiology and Public Health, San Luis Obispo, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, CA 93401, USA
| | - Julia M. Alber
- California Polytechnic State University, Department of Kinesiology and Public Health, San Luis Obispo, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, CA 93401, USA
- Corresponding author at: Department of Kinesiology and Public Health, Center for Health Research, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Avenue, Office 43A-367, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA.
| | - Siena Gib
- California Polytechnic State University, Department of Kinesiology and Public Health, San Luis Obispo, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, CA 93401, USA
| | - Michelle Gee
- California Polytechnic State University, Department of Kinesiology and Public Health, San Luis Obispo, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, CA 93401, USA
| | - Sydney Conover
- California Polytechnic State University, Department of Kinesiology and Public Health, San Luis Obispo, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, CA 93401, USA
| | - Cindi Chan
- California Polytechnic State University, Department of Kinesiology and Public Health, San Luis Obispo, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, CA 93401, USA
| | - Chari Cohen
- Hepatitis B Foundation, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA
| | - Catherine Freeland
- Hepatitis B Foundation, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA
| | - Rhea Racho
- Hepatitis B Foundation, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA
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17
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Saucier CJ, Suresh S, Brooks JJ, Walter N, Plant A, Montoya JA. The Effect of an Entertainment-Education Intervention on Reproductive Health of Young Women of Color. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2022; 37:1093-1103. [PMID: 33784898 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2021.1903741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
While teen pregnancy rates in the United States have been declining for decades, they remain the highest of all western countries. Within the U.S., Black and Latina teens experience disproportionate rates of unplanned pregnancy. Plan A is an entertainment-education video intervention that was developed to help address these disparities, in part by emphasizing the ability of young cisgender women to control when they become pregnant by using an effective contraception method. The intervention was developed in close collaboration with the target audience (Black and Latina women aged 18-19) to ensure that it was relevant, engaging, and motivational. We conducted an online study to: (a) investigate the effects of Plan A on attitudes toward the contraception methods covered in the video; (b) whether these effects varied by race/ethnicity or age, and; (c) if identification with characters in the video mediated these effects. The study used a posttest-only design where participants were randomly assigned to watch Plan A or to a neutral control condition. The sample included Black, Latina, and non-Latina White women aged 16 to 19 (N= 242), with younger and White women included for comparison purposes. Results indicated that exposure to Plan A significantly improved attitudes toward long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) among all age groups and among young Black and Latina women, but not White women. These findings may be explained by participant's identification with the Black and Latina lead characters - both of whom model positive reproductive health behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sapna Suresh
- School of Communication, Northwestern University
| | | | | | - Aaron Plant
- Department of Communication Studies, Sentient Research
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18
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Impact of Social Media, Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM) on the Intention to Stay at Home during the COVID-19 Pandemic. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14127192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Considering how communities perceive the threat and risks of COVID-19, it is essential to examine how emotional regulation stimulated through intrinsic and extrinsic incentive mechanisms via social media can reinforce ‘Stay at home’ intentions. The conceptual framework was developed using the elements of the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM). A self-reported questionnaire was used to measure individuals’ intention to stay at home during the pandemic based on the perceived locus of causality as a part of self-determination theory. The empirical research was conducted on a sample of 306 USA respondents. The study results indicate that both components of the EPPM—efficacy and threat—positively affect ‘stay at home’ intentions. Moreover, a positive effect of efficacy on threats was found, as was a moderating effect of threats on the relationship between efficacy and the intention to stay at home. Meanwhile, the influence of social media exposure on threats and behavioral intentions was not significant. People are likely to stay at home as a preventive measure during COVID-19 if there is enough threats and efficacy. However, the abundance of information and opinions in social media can lead to a decreased perceived threat and might disrupt the acceptance of preventive actions.
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19
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Christie-de Jong F, Kotzur M, Amiri R, Ling J, Mooney JD, Robb KA. Qualitative evaluation of a codesigned faith-based intervention for Muslim women in Scotland to encourage uptake of breast, colorectal and cervical cancer screening. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e058739. [PMID: 35568495 PMCID: PMC9109091 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This pilot study aimed to evaluate the acceptability of a codesigned, culturally tailored, faith-based online intervention to increase uptake of breast, colorectal and cervical screening in Scottish Muslim women. The intervention was codesigned with Scottish Muslim women (n=10) and underpinned by the reframe, reprioritise and reform model and the behaviour change wheel. SETTING The study was conducted online, using Zoom, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. PARTICIPANTS Participants (n=18) taking part in the intervention and subsequently in its evaluation, were Muslim women residing in Scotland, recruited through purposive and snowball sampling from a mosque and community organisations. Participants were aged between 25 years and 54 years and of Asian and Arab ethnicity. DESIGN The study's codesigned intervention included (1) a peer-led discussion of barriers to screening, (2) a health education session led by a healthcare provider, (3) videos of Muslim women's experiences of cancer or screening, and (4) a religious perspective on cancer screening delivered by a female religious scholar (alimah). The intervention was delivered twice online in March 2021, followed 1 week later by two focus groups, consisting of the same participants, respectively, to discuss participants' experiences of the intervention. Focus group transcripts were analysed thematically. RESULTS Participants accepted the content and delivery of the intervention and were positive about their experience of the intervention. Participants reported their knowledge of screening had increased and shared positive views towards cancer screening. They valued the multidimensional delivery of the intervention, appreciated the faith-based perspective, and in particular liked the personal stories and input from a healthcare provider. CONCLUSION Participatory and community-centred approaches can play an important role in tackling health inequalities in cancer and its screening. Despite limitations, the intervention showed potential and was positively received by participants. Feasibility testing is needed to investigate effectiveness on a larger scale in a full trial.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie Kotzur
- Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rana Amiri
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, UK
| | - Jonathan Ling
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, UK
| | | | - Kathryn A Robb
- Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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20
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Vafeiadis M, Wang W, Baker M, Shen F. Examining the Effects of Celebrity (Vs. Noncelebrity) Narratives on Opioid Addiction Prevention: Identification, Transportation, and the Moderating Role of Personal Relevance. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2022; 27:271-280. [PMID: 35833499 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2022.2097752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Celebrity disclosures and narratives are popular strategies in health promotion. However, less is known about their joint effects and the mechanisms through which they function. A 2 (narrative type: celebrity vs. layperson) x 2 (personal relevance: low vs. high) online experiment (N = 248) tested the impact of different narrative types in increasing awareness about prescription opioid abuse. Results indicated that a celebrity narrative is more persuasive than its layperson counterpart. Also, personal relevance toward opioid addiction moderated the influence of narrative type. Celebrity narratives evoked more positive attitudes toward opioid prevention and greater behavioral compliance intentions with the recommended action for low-relevance individuals. Transportation and identification mediated the effects of celebrity narratives on participants' issue attitudes and behavioral intentions, but only for low-relevance individuals. Practically, the data suggest that incorporating celebrities in health narratives about opioid addiction prevention facilitates behavioral compliance, especially for individuals to whom a pressing health issue like opioid misuse is currently of low relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michail Vafeiadis
- School of Communication & Journalism, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Weirui Wang
- 2 Department of Communication, Florida International University, North Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Michelle Baker
- 3 Donald P. Bellisario College of Communications, Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Fuyuan Shen
- Donald P. Bellisario College of Communications, Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, USA
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21
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Yap A, Wilkinson B, Chen E, Han L, Vaghefi E, Galloway C, Squirrell D. Patients Perceptions of Artificial Intelligence in Diabetic Eye Screening. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2022; 11:287-293. [PMID: 35772087 DOI: 10.1097/apo.0000000000000525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Artificial intelligence (AI) technology is poised to revolutionize modern delivery of health care services. We set to evaluate the patient perspective of AI use in diabetic retinal screening. DESIGN Survey. METHODS Four hundred thirty-eight patients undergoing diabetic retinal screening across New Zealand participated in a survey about their opinion of AI technology in retinal screening. The survey consisted of 13 questions covering topics of awareness, trust, and receptivity toward AI systems. RESULTS The mean age was 59 years. The majority of participants identified as New Zealand European (50%), followed by Asian (31%), Pacific Islander (10%), and Maori (5%). Whilst 73% of participants were aware of AI, only 58% have heard of it being implemented in health care. Overall, 78% of respondents were comfortable with AI use in their care, with 53% saying they would trust an AI-assisted screening program as much as a health professional. Despite having a higher awareness of AI, younger participants had lower trust in AI systems. A higher proportion of Maori and Pacific participants indicated a preference toward human-led screening. The main perceived benefits of AI included faster diagnostic speeds and greater accuracy. CONCLUSIONS There is low awareness of clinical AI applications among our participants. Despite this, most are receptive toward the implementation of AI in diabetic eye screening. Overall, there was a strong preference toward continual involvement of clinicians in the screening process. There are key recommendations to enhance the receptivity of the public toward incorporation of AI into retinal screening programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Yap
- Department of Ophthalmology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Benjamin Wilkinson
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Eileen Chen
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lydia Han
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ehsan Vaghefi
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Auckland, New Zealand
- Toku Eyes, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Chris Galloway
- School of Communication, Journalism and Marketing Massey Business School, New Zealand
| | - David Squirrell
- Department of Ophthalmology, Auckland, New Zealand
- Toku Eyes, Auckland, New Zealand
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22
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Hammarberg K, Stocker R, Romero L, Fisher J. Pregnancy planning health information and service needs of women with chronic non-communicable conditions: a systematic review and narrative synthesis. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022; 22:236. [PMID: 35317730 PMCID: PMC8941766 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-022-04498-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Preparing for pregnancy and being in the best possible health before conception improves reproductive outcomes. For women living with a chronic non-communicable disease (NCD), pregnancy planning is essential to allow optimal disease control in preparation for pregnancy. Aim The aim was to review the literature relating to the pregnancy planning health information and service needs of women with NCDs. Method The MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), Emcare (Ovid), PsycINFO (Ovid), CINAHL and Scopus databases were searched. Studies were included if they were published in peer-reviewed English language journals between January 2010 and June 2020 and reported on the pregnancy planning health information and service needs of women with rheumatic diseases, asthma, cystic fibrosis, depression and/or anxiety, type 1 diabetes mellitus, epilepsy, or multiple sclerosis. Risk of bias was assessed using QualSyst. The characteristics of the studies were tabulated and summarised. Key findings of the included studies were analysed thematically using an inductive approach, where the study findings determined the themes. Findings are reported in a narrative synthesis. Results The database searches yielded 8291 results, of which 4304 remained after duplicates were removed. After abstract screening 104 full-text papers were reviewed. Of these 15 met inclusion criteria and were included in analysis. The narrative synthesis of the included studies revealed six themes: ‘Women with chronic conditions have unmet preconception health information needs’, ‘Women with chronic conditions want personalised preconception health information’, ‘Preferred sources of preconception health information’, ‘Learning from the experiences of other women’, ‘Improving preconception health discussions with health care professionals’, and ‘Women want holistic care’. These themes were consistent across all studies, highlighting the similarity of experiences and needs of women with different chronic conditions. Conclusion To improve pregnancy outcomes for women living with NCDs, health care providers need to ask women of reproductive age proactively and routinely about their pregnancy intentions and provide them with personalised advice on how to avoid unplanned pregnancy and be in optimal health when they wish to conceive. PROSPERO registration number CRD42020176308. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12884-022-04498-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Hammarberg
- Global and Women's Health, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Ruby Stocker
- Global and Women's Health, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lorena Romero
- The Ian Potter Library, The Alfred, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jane Fisher
- Global and Women's Health, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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23
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Trenerry C, Fletcher C, Wilson C, Gunn K. "She'll Be Right, Mate": A Mixed Methods Analysis of Skin Cancer Prevention Practices among Australian Farmers-An At-Risk Group. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052940. [PMID: 35270633 PMCID: PMC8910209 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study examined Australian farmers’ engagement with skin cancer prevention behaviours and explored what made it hard for them to be ‘SunSmart’ (barriers), and what could be done to make prevention easier (facilitators). In total, 498 farmers (83.1% male, 22–89 years, 50.8% grain, sheep, or cattle farmers) participated. The least frequently performed SunSmart behaviours (reported as never practiced during summer) were using SPF 30+ sunscreen (16.6%), wearing protective sunglasses (10.5%), and wearing protective clothing (8.6%). Greater engagement (i.e., higher scores on scale from Never to Always) with SunSmart behaviours was explained by gender (female), educational attainment (trade or technical college certificate vs. high school), personal skin cancer history, and skin sun sensitivity. Barriers reported by farmers related to personal preferences (e.g., short-sleeved rather than long-sleeved clothing), comfort, and perceived impracticality of sun protection. Farmers’ solutions included making protective clothing and sunscreen more appropriate for farm work (e.g., by making clothing more breathable). A personal health scare was the most reported motivation for skin cancer prevention. Findings highlight the need for increased access to sun-protective clothing and sunscreen that is suitable for wearing when working on farms, complemented by culturally appropriate health education messaging, to encourage more farmers to perform SunSmart behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Trenerry
- School of Psychology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
- Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia;
| | - Chloe Fletcher
- Department of Rural Health, Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
| | - Carlene Wilson
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia;
- Olivia Newton John Cancer Wellness Research Centre, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Kate Gunn
- Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia;
- Department of Rural Health, Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
- Correspondence:
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24
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Robinson MJ, Knobloch-Westerwick S. Instilling Belief in the Ability to Change for the Better: Narrative Persuasion for Sleep Hygiene Self-Efficacy. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2022; 37:259-271. [PMID: 33094672 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2020.1837425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present experiment draws on social cognitive theory to examine how story protagonist self-efficacy (high vs. low) influences participants' sleep hygiene-related self-efficacy and behavior three days after narrative exposure. Social comparisons as factors in narrative impact were examined. To ensure the robustness of findings, two different narratives served as stimuli. Results indicated that immediately after narrative exposure, participants in both the high and low self-efficacy protagonist conditions reported improved self-efficacy. However, only the high self-efficacy condition reported increased self-efficacy three days after narrative exposure, demonstrating lasting impacts. Social comparison moderated the effect of protagonist self-efficacy on participant self-efficacy immediately and three days after exposure: Participants in the high self-efficacy protagonist condition who reported greater social comparison experienced increased sleep-related self-efficacy. Further, a moderated mediation analysis demonstrated that participants with greater social comparison to a high self-efficacy protagonist engaged in more sleep hygiene behaviors as demonstrated in the narrative three days after exposure.
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25
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Grewal R, Deeks SL, Hart TA, Cox J, De Pokomandy A, Grennan T, Lambert G, Moore D, Coutlée F, Gaspar M, George C, Grace D, Jollimore J, Lachowsky NJ, Nisenbaum R, Ogilvie G, Sauvageau C, Tan DHS, Yeung A, Burchell AN. Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination across a cascade of knowledge, willingness, and uptake among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men in Canada's three largest cities. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:5413-5425. [PMID: 34856869 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1979379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some Canadian jurisdictions offer publicly funded HPV vaccine to gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBM) aged ≤26 years. We characterized factors associated with being in different stages of HPV vaccination. METHODS Engage is a sexual health study of GBM in the three largest Canadian cities recruited via respondent driven sampling (RDS). We categorized participants as: (1) unaware of HPV vaccine, (2) undecided/unwilling to get vaccinated, (3) willing to get vaccinated, (4) vaccinated with one or more doses. Our RDS-II weighted analyses used multinomial logistic regression to identify factors associated with being in earlier stages of the cascade compared to Stage 4. RESULTS Across the cities, 26-40%, 7-14%, 33-39%, and 13-28% were in Stages 1 to 4, respectively. Compared to Stage 4, being in earlier stages of the cascade was associated with bisexual-identification (Stage 1: adjusted odds ratio[aOR] = 2.84, 95% confidence interval[CI] = 1.06-7.62; Stage 2: aOR = 3.09, 95%CI = 1.19-8.05), having immigrated to Canada (Stage 1: aOR = 1.79, 95%CI 1.07-2.99), preference to keep same-sex romantic relationships private (Stage 1: aOR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.05-1.48; Stage 2: aOR = 1.24, 95%CI = 1.05-1.46), not receiving sexual health information (Stage 1: aOR = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.13-0.71; Stage 2: aOR = 0.27, 95%CI = 0.12-0.64), not accessing a health-care provider (Stage 2: aOR = 0.36, 95%CI = 0.15-0.83), and no past hepatitis A/B vaccination (Stage 1: aOR = 0.16, 95% CI = 0.09-0.30; Stage 2: aOR = 0.18, 95%CI = 0.09-0.35; Stage 3: aOR = 0.38, 95%CI = 0.21-0.61). DISCUSSION Interventions are needed to reduce social and financial barriers, increase sexual health knowledge, and improve GBM-competent health-care access to increase vaccine uptake among GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Grewal
- MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - S L Deeks
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Nova Scotia Department of Health and Wellness, Halifax, Canada
| | - T A Hart
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada
| | - J Cox
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, School of Population and Global Health, Montréal, McGill University.,Direction régionale de santé publique, CIUSSS-Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - A De Pokomandy
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - T Grennan
- BC Centre for Disease Control, Provincial Health Services Authority, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - G Lambert
- Direction régionale de santé publique, CIUSSS-Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - D Moore
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
| | - F Coutlée
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - M Gaspar
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - C George
- Department of Exercise, Health, and Sport Sciences, University of Maine, Portland, USA
| | - D Grace
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - J Jollimore
- Community-Based Research Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - N J Lachowsky
- BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada.,Community-Based Research Centre, Vancouver, Canada.,School of Public Health and Social Policy, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - R Nisenbaum
- MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Applied Health Research Centre, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - G Ogilvie
- BC Centre for Disease Control, Provincial Health Services Authority, Vancouver, Canada.,School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - C Sauvageau
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada.,Institut National de santé publique du Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - D H S Tan
- MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - A Yeung
- MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - A N Burchell
- MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Rothwell E, Cheek-O'Donnell S, Johnson E, Wilson A, Anderson RA, Botkin J. Exploring the use of a Comic for Education about Expanded Carrier Screening among a Diverse Group of Mothers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 14:252-258. [PMID: 34721662 DOI: 10.1080/17538068.2021.1909398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Expanded carrier screening (ECS) during prenatal care is an important test for identifying prospective parents' risk of inherited genetic diseases. However, barriers remain for effectively educating patients about ECS. Graphic medicine (i.e. comics) has grown as a mechanism for patient education. The purpose of this study was to explore attitudes and opinions of a comic to educate about ECS during prental care. Methods Focus groups were conducted with pregnant women or women who recently gave birth (6 groups, n=54). The participants were all female, 44.4% Latino/Hispanic, 16.7% Bi-Racial/Other, and 43.3% reporting some college education or high school degree. Results Most participants reported high enjoyment with the comic due to their relatability to the characters, simplicity of the story, description of medical outcomes in everyday terms and the exploration of multiple outcomes possible with ECS. In addition, participants reported that during pregnancy their reading habits increase as well as emotional reactions to the content and some participants stated they avoided reading information that may cause stress or anxiety. Conclusion More research is needed to assess what features of the comic promote understanding and how that influences decisions and pre-test patient education for ECS. The use of graphic narratives may enable individuals to better understand medical information in general.
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Amezcua L, Rivera VM, Vazquez TC, Baezconde-Garbanati L, Langer-Gould A. Health Disparities, Inequities, and Social Determinants of Health in Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders in the US: A Review. JAMA Neurol 2021; 78:1515-1524. [PMID: 34605866 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2021.3416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Importance There is empirical evidence that social determinants of health (SDOH) impact health outcomes in Black and Hispanic and Latinx individuals in the US. Recently, SDOH have risen to the top as essential intervention targets that could help alleviate racial and ethnic disparities. Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) disproportionately affects Black individuals, and multiple sclerosis (MS) has seen a recent shift in select racial groups. It is unclear to what degree SDOH have been investigated and contribute to racial and ethnic health disparities and inequities. Observations This narrative review provides a contemporary synthesis of SDOH associated with racial and ethnic health disparities and inequities in MS, NMOSD, and other autoimmune disorders, such as myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody (MOG-Ab)-associated disease. These immune-mediated neurological diseases were chosen for their capacity to be a high burden to society and because of complementary SDOH-associated challenges among minority populations. A paucity of research addressing inequities and the role of SDOH in MS and NMOSD was noted despite findings that Black individuals have a higher risk of developing MS or NMOSD and associated mortality compared with White individuals. Greater health disparities were also found for those with lower income and education, lower health literacy, and negative illness perceptions in MS. No studies in MOG-Ab disorders were found. Conclusions and Relevance Increased efforts are needed to better understand the role of SDOH in racial and ethnic health disparities and inequities in MS, NMOSD, and emerging autoimmune disorders. This includes developing research frameworks aimed at understanding the magnitude and interrelationships of SDOH to better develop system-based multilevel interventions across the spectrum of care for these neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilyana Amezcua
- Keck School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Victor M Rivera
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Lourdes Baezconde-Garbanati
- Keck School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Annette Langer-Gould
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena
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Kirkpatrick AW, Park M, Domgaard S, Zhao W, Steinberg C, Hsu Y. Vaccine Videos and Information Sharing: The Effects of Framing, Evidence Type, and Speaker Expertise. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2021; 26:608-617. [PMID: 34596481 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2021.1983892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
YouTube videos have been used to inform and misinform the public about the safety of vaccines related to health threats such as measles and COVID-19. Understanding how such videos can promote the sharing of accurate vaccine safety information is of the utmost importance if health researchers are to combat the spread of misinformation and encourage widespread uptake of vaccines. Through the lens of prospect theory, this study conducted a 2 (framing: loss v. gain) x 2 (evidence type: episodic v. thematic) x 2 (speaker expertise: expert v. non-expert) between-subject factorial experiment in which a sample of N = 400 US adults over the age of 18 recruited through MTurk were asked their intention to share vaccine safety information with others after watching a manipulated YouTube video. The results showed that loss framing was associated with perceived MMR severity which was, in turn, associated with the likelihood that participants would share MMR vaccine information with others, via any means. However, this process varied depending on the type of evidence delivered, and the expertise of the speaker. Results and limitations are discussed in the context of vaccine communication and social media.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mina Park
- Department of Journalism & Mass Communication, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, South Korea
| | - Shawn Domgaard
- Edward R. Murrow College of Communication, Washington State University, Pullman, USA
| | - Wenqing Zhao
- Grady College of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Christina Steinberg
- Edward R. Murrow College of Communication, Washington State University, Pullman, USA
| | - YingChia Hsu
- Edward R. Murrow College of Communication, Washington State University, Pullman, USA
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Chalil Madathil K, Greenstein JS. Designing comprehensible healthcare public reports: An investigation of the use of narratives and tests of quality metrics to support healthcare public report sensemaking. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2021; 95:103452. [PMID: 33957305 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2021.103452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A key challenge for designers of healthcare public reports is the development of a presentation format that accurately communicates the variability in the quality of care among healthcare systems. This study conducted in the United States explored whether presenting public report information within narratives and with tests of healthcare quality metrics supported the public report sensemaking process. The study involved 200 participants and employed a 2 (public report information presented in the standard format, presented within a narrative) * 2 (no tests of quality metrics added to standard report, metrics tests added) between-subjects experimental design. The participants viewed the scenario of a patient looking for dialysis facility-related information. They were then asked which dialysis facility they would choose for their care and their level of confidence in their choice. Subsequently, a knowledge quiz evaluating how the participants interpreted the information presented to them, the NASA-TLX workload survey, and a usability questionnaire were administered. The results showed that the probability of choosing the better facility from the perspective of the quality measures included in the report changed from 0.69 to 0.89 when information was presented within a narrative rather than with the standard public report format. The results also found a significantly higher comprehension score (M = 54.58, SD = 18.51) when information was presented within the narrative than when presented in the standard public report format (M = 44.57, SD = 25.13). When information was presented to the participants within a narrative, the narrative may have enabled the participants to visualize themselves as the person depicted in the narrative and this may have increased the perceived relevance of the quality measures. Total workload, mental demand and perceived usability were higher when information was presented within the narrative than when presented in the standard format. The high workload and mental demand may be due to the stress placed on the information processing channels while reading a narrative and the effort expended to relate it to the quality measures. They may also be markers of more deliberative decision making facilitated by the narratives. No significant effect of tests of quality metrics was found on the dependent variables of choice of the better healthcare facility, comprehension, and usability. There was also no significant effect of quality metrics tests on overall workload. However, the effect of quality metrics tests on the mental demand subscale of NASA-TLX was significant. Mental demand was higher without quality metrics tests than with quality metrics tests. No significant interaction was found between the two independent variables on the dependent variables of choice of the better healthcare facility, comprehension, workload, and usability. It is recommended that narratives be used to present public report information to support informed healthcare decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapil Chalil Madathil
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Clemson University, 110 Freeman Hall, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA; Glenn Department of Civil Engineering, Clemson University, 116 Lowry Hall, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA.
| | - Joel S Greenstein
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Clemson University, 110 Freeman Hall, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
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Massey PM, Togo E, Chiang SC, Klassen AC, Rose M, Manganello JA, Leader AE. Identifying HPV vaccine narrative communication needs among parents on social media. Prev Med Rep 2021; 23:101488. [PMID: 34295614 PMCID: PMC8281599 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sharing personal experiences is an important communication strategy in public health, including vaccination. This study sought to understand if parents would be receptive to learning about the HPV vaccine from other parent experiences, and what format this information should take on social media. In May 2020, we conducted a qualitative study of six online focus groups across the U.S. with parents (n = 48) of children ages 9–14. Using a text-based discussion format, we discussed their experiences getting information about the HPV vaccine and using Twitter to learn about health topics. Four coders structured qualitative findings by themes including content, delivery, and source of information. An accompanying survey was used to describe participant Twitter use and HPV vaccine knowledge and attitudes. The average participant age was 44.6 years old, 63% were mothers, and the majority had high HPV vaccine knowledge. Parents indicated that they want to hear from other parents about their experiences with the HPV vaccine. However, it was hard to know where to find this information. When experiences are shared on social media, the negative ones are more memorable and more personal. Parents thought Twitter could be an important space to communicate about the HPV vaccine if it was done in a credible, verifiable, and authentic way. Parents want to learn about the HPV vaccine through other parent experiences, especially when this aligns with science supporting the vaccine. Public health and medical communities must embrace this mix of evidence and lived experiences to deliver and discuss health information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip M. Massey
- Department of Community Health and Prevention, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, United States
- Corresponding author at: Department of Community Health and Prevention, Dornsife School of Public Health, 3215 Market St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
| | - Elikem Togo
- Department of Community Health and Prevention, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, United States
| | - Shawn C. Chiang
- Department of Community Health and Prevention, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, United States
| | - Ann C. Klassen
- Department of Community Health and Prevention, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, United States
| | - Meredith Rose
- Department of Community Health and Prevention, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, United States
| | - Jennifer A. Manganello
- Department and Health Policy, Management, and Behavior, School of Public Health, Albany University, United States
| | - Amy E. Leader
- Division of Population Science, Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, United States
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Birhanu Z, Ambelu A, Fufa D, Mecha M, Zeynudin A, Abafita J, Belay A, Doyore F, Oljira L, Bacha E, Feyisa J, Hadis Z, Ayele K, Addisu Y, Gutu B, Tesfaye D, Tilahun T, Imana G, Tolosa T, Mekonen S, Yitayih Y, Jibat N, Moges M, Adamu A, Teym A, Kenea A, Addis T, Mengesha A, Kebede Y. Risk perceptions and attitudinal responses to COVID-19 pandemic: an online survey in Ethiopia. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:981. [PMID: 34034694 PMCID: PMC8148408 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10939-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective risk communication is one of the critical strategies in the response to COVID-19. This study examined risk perceptions and attitudinal responses to COVID-19 among the educated section of the society in Ethiopia. METHODS An internet-based survey was conducted from April 22 to May 04, 2020, in Ethiopia. A questionnaire addressing the perception of health threat-combination of perceived vulnerability (PV) and perceived seriousness (PS), and perceived efficacy-combinations of perceived response efficacy (PRE), perceived self-efficacy (PSE), and perceived collective efficacy (PCE). The data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0. Descriptive statistics were computed after the standardization of the scores. The scores for overall efficacy and threat were split by median value and response classifications were generated through threat by efficacy interactions. For statistical significance, 95% CI and p-value < 0.05 were used. RESULTS A total of 929 respondents submitted their responses. Eight hundred and twenty-eight (89.1%) of the respondents were male and 753 (81.1%) were Christian. The perceived threat to COVID-19 was generally low (median = 58.3). The median score for overall efficacy, PRE, and PSE were 79.8, 87.5, and 80.0, respectively. However, the median value (66.7) for PCE was relatively low. Perceived threat significantly varied by age, education, occupation, and place of residence (p < 0.05). Perceived efficacy significantly differed by gender, residence, and use of some sources of information (p < 0.05). In terms of response to COVID-19, 290 (31.2%), 239 (25.7%), 175 (18.8%) and 225 (24.2%) of the respondents were in the responsive, pro-active, avoidant, and indifferent attitudinal categories, respectively. The avoidant and indifferent groups constituted a fear control response (mal-adaptive motivation towards COVID-19 protective behavior) whereas responsive and pro-active categories formed a danger control response (self-protective motivation). These responses varied significantly by residence, region, religion, and sources of information (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Understanding people's perceived health threat and efficacy is a critical step toward creating risk communication campaigns. Hence, this study provided an insight that has the potential to inform the COVID-19 risk communication campaigns targeting the educated section of the society, by ensuring a balanced combination of threat appeals and efficacy messages for improved self-protective responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zewdie Birhanu
- Departemnt of Health, Behavior, and Society, Faculty of Public Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Argaw Ambelu
- Departemnt of Health, Behavior, and Society, Faculty of Public Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Diriba Fufa
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Mohammed Mecha
- Departemnt of Health, Behavior, and Society, Faculty of Public Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Ahmed Zeynudin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Jemal Abafita
- Department of Economics, College of Business and Economics, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Ashenafi Belay
- Department of English Language and Literature, College of Social Sciences and Humanities, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Feleke Doyore
- Department of Public Health, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia
| | - Lemessa Oljira
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Endale Bacha
- Oromia Regional Health Bureau, Risk Communication and Community Engagement Unit, Finfinne, Ethiopia
| | - Jilcha Feyisa
- Department of Oncology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Zinabu Hadis
- School of Public Health, College of Health Science, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Ketema Ayele
- Department of Public Health, Dire Dawa University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Yohannes Addisu
- Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Birhanu Gutu
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dambi Dollo University, Dembi Dollo, Ethiopia
| | - Demu Tesfaye
- Department of Internal Medicine, Adama Hospital Medical College, Adama, Ethiopia
| | - Temesgen Tilahun
- Departemnt of Health, Behavior, and Society, Faculty of Public Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Institute of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Gudeta Imana
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia
| | - Tadele Tolosa
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Seblework Mekonen
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Yimenu Yitayih
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Nega Jibat
- Department of Sociology, College of Social Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Mathewos Moges
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
- Department of Environmental Health, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Ayinengida Adamu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
- Department of Health System Management and Health Economics, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Abraham Teym
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Health Science, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Adamu Kenea
- Department of Public Health, Mettu University, Mettu, Ethiopia
| | - Taffere Addis
- Ethiopian Institute of Water Resources, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Akalework Mengesha
- Department of Sociology, College of Social Sciences and Humanities, Wolaita Sodo University, Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Yohannes Kebede
- Departemnt of Health, Behavior, and Society, Faculty of Public Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Smith S, Kabele J. The spring 'stay at home' coronavirus campaign communicated by pending accounts. JOURNAL OF PRAGMATICS 2021; 177:170-182. [PMID: 36567850 PMCID: PMC9758481 DOI: 10.1016/j.pragma.2021.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The UK government instruction to stay at home exemplifies how governments do things by saying things in a crisis. The force of the government slogan was amplified by its intertextual circulation in wider public discourse to produce an alignment between the duty of government to protect citizens, the spiritual mission of the Church and the public information role of the press. By analysing the rhetorical and sequential structure of promotional discourse with recourse to speech act, narrative and routine theory, we show how its authors concurrently use cognitive and empathetic interpellations to induce subjectivation, configuring pending accounts which not only involve recipients in scripts for restoring order (if … then … programming constructions) but also implicate them in restorative storylines (just as there and then … so here and now … mimetic constructions). The result is to overlay on the official inducement new voices of hope, conditioned by participation in a collaborative community, naturalising compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Smith
- Institute of Sociological Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Kabele
- Institute of Sociological Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic
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Ballard AM, Davis A, Hoffner CA. The Impact of Health Narratives on Persuasion in African American Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2021; 36:560-571. [PMID: 32122156 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2020.1731936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
African American women (AAW) experience higher burdens of disease and have the highest rate of heart disease, cancer, stroke, and diabetes when compared to females of other ethnic groups. Health narratives are a communication strategy that has been used to improve population health outcomes. Narrative storytelling is considered to be effective for improving health outcomes in African Americans because of the strong cultural storytelling background. The purpose of this study was to determine if health narratives have a significant effect on persuasion among AAW, as measured by changes in attitudes, beliefs, intentions, and behaviors. Meta-analysis of health narrative experiments (k = 13) for AAW (N = 2,746) revealed that health narratives have a significant overall effect on persuasion (d = .243; p < .01). Sub-group analyses revealed no significant difference between audio-visual and written-based narratives, and no significant difference between general health topics and cancer topics. Narrative communication was effective for promoting health in AAW. These findings imply that narratives can effectively be used as an audio-visual or written-based communication for AAW, and that health topic may not impact outcomes of narrative communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjulyn M Ballard
- Department of Communication, Georgia State University
- Department of Kinesiology & Health, Georgia State University
| | - Ashlee Davis
- Department of Kinesiology & Health, Georgia State University
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Pearson L, Holton S, McLachlan R, Hammarberg K. Australian men's fertility information seeking attitudes and behaviour: A qualitative investigation. SEXUAL & REPRODUCTIVE HEALTHCARE 2021; 29:100621. [PMID: 33894435 DOI: 10.1016/j.srhc.2021.100621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Most women and men want and expect to have children but increasing maternal and paternal ages reduce their ability to achieve this. Most research relating to childbearing has focused on women. The aim of this study was to explore reproductive-aged men's fertility information-seeking attitudes and behaviours. METHODS Focus group discussions were conducted with younger (18-30 years, 3 groups) and older (31-45 years, 3 groups) men, residing in urban, peri-urban or rural settings in Victoria, Australia. The topics covered included men's fatherhood aspirations and intentions, and their attitudes and behaviours relating to seeking information about fertility. Focus group discussions were audio-recorded and transcribed, and transcripts analyzed thematically. RESULTS Six focus group discussions were conducted with a total of 39 participants. Four key themes were identified: 1. 'No need for fertility-related information'; 2. 'Knowledge and awareness of fertility'; 3. 'Fertility is women's business'; and 4. 'Fertility and manhood'. Fertility and fertility information seeking was perceived by many participants as women's domain. While men did not seek information about fertility unless they experienced fertility difficulties, they reported learning about fertility through the lived experiences of others, predominantly family and friends who experienced infertility. CONCLUSION Fertility-related health promotion initiatives and reproductive health information targeting men are needed to encourage men to be active participants in reproductive decision making to optimize the chance of both women and men achieving their parenthood goals. Narrative health messages may be a successful way to convey fertility information to men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Pearson
- Global and Women's Health, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 4/553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne 3004, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sara Holton
- Global and Women's Health, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 4/553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne 3004, Victoria, Australia; School of Nursing and Midwifery, Deakin University, Geelong Waterfront Campus, 1 Geringhap Street, Geelong 3220, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Robert McLachlan
- Healthy Male, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia; Monash IVF Group Pty Ltd, Richmond 3121, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | - Karin Hammarberg
- Global and Women's Health, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 4/553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne 3004, Victoria, Australia; Victorian Assisted Reproductive Treatment Authority, Level 30/570 Bourke Street Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
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Bell RA, Chen M, Taylor LD. Narratives of Prevention and Affliction in Type 2 Diabetes: Mechanisms of Influence in a Sample of Middle-aged Women. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2021; 26:253-263. [PMID: 33945430 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2021.1913678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Research suggests that readers identify more with a competent protagonist who acts to prevent diabetes than with a less competent protagonist whose inaction leads to disease. We sought a better understanding of the mediators of this protagonist competence effect. Middle-aged women (45-55) read a prevention narrative depicting a protagonist at risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D) who prevents diabetes through lifestyle changes or an affliction narrative in which protagonist inaction leads to disease (N = 315). The prevention narrative elicited more identification than the affliction narrative for participants at low risk of T2D, but less identification for higher risk participants. Identification's impact on intentions to adopt self-protective behaviors was partially mediated by self-referencing. Protagonist competence did not affect transportation, but transportation had a direct effect on behavioral intentions and an indirect effect on intentions mediated by self-referencing. Fear arousal predicted behavioral intentions and was highest among those who read the affliction narrative and rated self as at risk for T2D. Protagonist competence had an indirect effect on intentions mediated by attributions of trustworthiness in response to the affliction narrative. This study contributes to our understanding of how narratives work and underscores the importance of tailoring narratives to the risk profile of individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Bell
- Department of Communication, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Meng Chen
- Department of Media Communications, Webster Vienna Private University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Laramie D Taylor
- Department of Communication, University of California, Davis, USA
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Gamification for Family Engagement in Lifestyle Interventions: A Systematic Review. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2021; 22:831-844. [PMID: 33786746 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-021-01214-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The majority of chronic conditions that plague the USA are modifiable by lifestyle change. Lifestyle interventions that incorporate family members for social support and that use game design elements to engage family members have the potential to improve upon traditional interventions, which have largely been unsustainable. Determining the populations where family member support in a lifestyle intervention are present and the extent of gamification of lifestyle intervention components that engage these family members is an important and underexplored area of work. A systematic review of lifestyle interventions involving family members were reviewed for game design elements using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework. Game design elements related to engaged learning and motivational affordances from previous literature were included. Sixty-one studies met inclusion criteria. These studies reported on 50 independent interventions that were reviewed. Thirty-one of these interventions addressed lifestyle in those with a chronic condition, and 19 addressed lifestyle in those at high risk for chronic conditions. The majority of the lifestyle interventions included at least one game design element, yet overall there were limited elements utilized together. Compared with successful gamified programs that have greatly impacted a population's health behaviors, there were relatively a limited number of elements reported, particularly those that support social relatedness, such as meaningful storylines. Meaningfulness of the game design elements chosen and their arrangement was not apparent. Technology was under-utilized as a potential modality for intervention component delivery. Developing products to train researchers to properly apply game design elements to intervention components, as well as test their effectiveness, are areas for future research.
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Gesser-Edelsburg A. Using Narrative Evidence to Convey Health Information on Social Media: The Case of COVID-19. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e24948. [PMID: 33674257 PMCID: PMC7962859 DOI: 10.2196/24948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
During disease outbreaks or pandemics, policy makers must convey information to the public for informative purposes (eg, morbidity or mortality rates). They must also motivate members of the public to cooperate with the guidelines, specifically by changing their usual behavior. Policy makers have traditionally adopted a didactic and formalistic stance by conveying dry, statistics-based health information to the public. They have not yet considered the alternative of providing health information in the form of narrative evidence, using stories that address both cognitive and emotional aspects. The aim of this viewpoint paper is to introduce policy makers to the advantages of using narrative evidence to provide health information during a disease outbreak or pandemic such as COVID-19. Throughout human history, authorities have tended to employ apocalyptic narratives during disease outbreaks or pandemics. This viewpoint paper proposes an alternative coping narrative that includes the following components: segmentation; barrier reduction; role models; empathy and support; strengthening self-efficacy, community efficacy, and coping tools; preventing stigmatization of at-risk populations; and communicating uncertainty. It also discusses five conditions for using narrative evidence to produce an effective communication campaign on social media: (1) identifying narratives that reveal the needs, personal experiences, and questions of different subgroups to tailor messaging to produce targeted behavioral change; (2) providing separate and distinct treatment of each information unit or theory that arises on social networks; (3) identifying positive deviants who found creative solutions for stress during the COVID-19 crisis not found by other members of the community; (4) creating different stories of coping; and (5) maintaining a dialogue with population subgroups (eg, skeptical and hesitant groups). The paper concludes by proposing criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of a narrative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anat Gesser-Edelsburg
- School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.,Health and Risk Communication Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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Hornbostel VL, Krell RK, Reid JJ, Schappach BL, Volpe S, Connally NP. Spray Safe, Play Safe: Story-Based Films Increase Homeowner Confidence About Backyard Tick Management. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 58:857-865. [PMID: 33225365 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lyme disease incidence is increasing in the United States despite myriad efforts to educate individuals about effective prevention practices to reduce exposure to nymphal Ixodes scapularis Say (Acari: Ixodidae) (blacklegged tick), the primary vector of the pathogen causing Lyme disease. Furthermore, Lyme prevention educational needs currently exceed the ability of public health professionals to deliver the information in person. Past work has shown there is especially high confusion regarding the use of acaricides for tick management by homeowners. Story-based education is known to engage individuals and change behaviors. To increase the reach and engagement regarding Lyme disease prevention practices, especially residential acaricide use, we created short, story-based educational films (Spray Safe, Play Safe) and evaluated their educational benefit with a survey pre- and post-viewing. We determined that after viewing the films, a significantly higher percentage of respondents reported increased confidence in identifying the riskiest areas in their yards for ticks, using personal protective measures to prevent tick bites, using tick-safe landscaping, and using tick control products. This study also suggests that using short, engaging films that can be posted to popular websites and social media outlets could be employed more frequently for successful and engaging Lyme disease education, as creative and up-to-date educational methods are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Hornbostel
- Tickborne Disease Prevention Laboratory, Western Connecticut State University, Danbury, CT
| | - Rayda K Krell
- Tickborne Disease Prevention Laboratory, Western Connecticut State University, Danbury, CT
| | | | - Brittany L Schappach
- Tickborne Disease Prevention Laboratory, Western Connecticut State University, Danbury, CT
| | - Scott Volpe
- Media Services & Instructional Technology, Western Connecticut State University, Danbury, CT
| | - Neeta P Connally
- Tickborne Disease Prevention Laboratory, Western Connecticut State University, Danbury, CT
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Riley AH, Sangalang A, Critchlow E, Brown N, Mitra R, Campos Nesme B. Entertainment-Education Campaigns and COVID-19: How Three Global Organizations Adapted the Health Communication Strategy for Pandemic Response and Takeaways for the Future. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2021; 36:42-49. [PMID: 33225758 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2020.1847451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 created a substantial set of challenges for health communication practitioners in the process of planning, implementing, and evaluating entertainment-education (EE) campaigns. EE is a theory and evidence-based communication strategy that employs entertainment media for educational messaging. Here, we briefly review EE campaigns in response to previous health emergencies and present three cases of EE responses to the COVID-19 pandemic from leading global organizations (PCI Media, BBC Media Action, and Sesame Workshop). Responses ranged from adaptation and re-distribution of existing content to creating new content under social-distancing restrictions and utilizing transmedia. These cases demonstrate that EE initiatives responding to future pandemics may be well served by starting with existing infrastructure to quickly build capacity, support, and trust; working with partners to tailor programs to the local context; and continuing to focus on good storytelling while simultaneously considering evolving media formats and theory.
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Brandt HM, Sundstrom B, Monroe CM, Turner-McGrievy G, Larsen C, Stansbury M, Magradey K, Gibson A, West DS. Evaluating a Technology-Mediated HPV Vaccination Awareness Intervention: A Controlled, Quasi-Experimental, Mixed Methods Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8040749. [PMID: 33321975 PMCID: PMC7768473 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
College-aged women and men are an important catch-up population for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination interventions. Limited research has explored technology-mediated HPV vaccination awareness interventions aimed at college students. The purpose was to evaluate a novel, technology-mediated, social media-based intervention to promote HPV vaccination among college students. A controlled, quasi-experimental, mixed methods study examined the feasibility of a technology-based intervention among two undergraduate classes (n = 58) at a public university in the southeastern United States of America. Classes were randomized to receive one of two cancer prevention programs (i.e., HPV vaccination (intervention) or healthy weight (control)). Both programs contained eight technology-mediated sessions, including weekly emails and private Facebook group posts. Participants completed pre-/post-test surveys and submitted weekly qualitative reflections. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic review for qualitative data. Knowledge improved among participants in the HPV vaccination intervention relative to those in the control condition. Participants (97%) interacted on Facebook by "liking" a post or comment or posting a comment. Participants demonstrated robust engagement and high treatment satisfaction. Results suggests that social media is an effective platform to reach college students with health promotion interventions and increase HPV vaccination awareness in this important catch-up population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M. Brandt
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (C.M.M.); (G.T.-M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-803-777-7096
| | - Beth Sundstrom
- Department of Communication, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC 29424, USA;
| | - Courtney M. Monroe
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (C.M.M.); (G.T.-M.)
| | - Gabrielle Turner-McGrievy
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (C.M.M.); (G.T.-M.)
| | - Chelsea Larsen
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (C.L.); (M.S.); (K.M.); (D.S.W.)
| | - Melissa Stansbury
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (C.L.); (M.S.); (K.M.); (D.S.W.)
| | - Karen Magradey
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (C.L.); (M.S.); (K.M.); (D.S.W.)
| | - Andrea Gibson
- South Carolina Office of Rural Health, Lexington, SC 29072, USA;
| | - Delia Smith West
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (C.L.); (M.S.); (K.M.); (D.S.W.)
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Bellissimo N, Gabay G, Gere A, Kucab M, Moskowitz H. Containing COVID-19 by Matching Messages on Social Distancing to Emergent Mindsets-The Case of North America. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E8096. [PMID: 33153071 PMCID: PMC7662322 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Public compliance with social distancing is key to containing COVID-19, yet there is a lack of knowledge on which communication 'messages' drive compliance. Respondents (224 Canadians and Americans) rated combinations of messages about compliance, systematically varied by an experimental design. Independent variables were perceived risk; the agent communicating the policy; specific social distancing practices; and methods to enforce compliance. Response patterns to each message suggest three mindset segments in each country reflecting how a person thinks. Two mindsets, the same in Canada and the US, were 'tell me exactly what to do,' and 'pandemic onlookers.' The third was 'bow to authority' in Canada, and 'tell me how' in the US. Each mindset showed different messages strongly driving compliance. To effectively use messaging about compliance, policy makers may assign any person or group in the population to the appropriate mindset segment by using a Personal Viewpoint Identifier that we developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Bellissimo
- School of Nutrition, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B-2K3, Canada;
| | - Gillie Gabay
- School of Behavioral Sciences and Psychology, College of Management Academic Studies, Rishon LeZion 91750, Israel;
| | - Attila Gere
- Department of Postharvest and Sensory Evaluation, Institute of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Sciences, Szent Istvan University, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary; (A.G.); (H.M.)
| | - Michaela Kucab
- School of Nutrition, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B-2K3, Canada;
| | - Howard Moskowitz
- Department of Postharvest and Sensory Evaluation, Institute of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Sciences, Szent Istvan University, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary; (A.G.); (H.M.)
- MindCart AI, Inc., White Plains, NY 10605, USA
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Dugger C, Anderson HS, Miller CE, Wong B, Johnson EP, Rothwell E. Assessing clinical education tools for expanded carrier screening. J Genet Couns 2020; 30:606-615. [PMID: 33135283 DOI: 10.1002/jgc4.1349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Expanded carrier screening (ECS) is increasingly offered to a broader population and raises challenges of how to best educate and counsel the volume of screened individuals. For this study, we compared three educational tools (brochure, video and comic) about ECS on knowledge and decision making. A convenience online sample of 151 pregnant women was randomized to one of three groups (Video, n = 42; Comic n = 54; Brochure n = 55). Knowledge scores were significantly higher for the comic group compared to the video or the brochure groups (p < .001). No significant differences in preparation for decision making, decisional conflict, or perceptions of shared decision making were identified between the study groups. This study suggests that a comic about ECS may improve patient attention and retention of information. The use of graphic narratives may enable individuals to better understand medical information in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Dugger
- Graduate Program in Genetic Counseling, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | | | - Bob Wong
- College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Erin P Johnson
- Department of Ob/Gyn, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Erin Rothwell
- Department of Ob/Gyn, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Purtle J, Nelson KL, Bruns EJ, Hoagwood KE. Dissemination Strategies to Accelerate the Policy Impact of Children's Mental Health Services Research. Psychiatr Serv 2020; 71:1170-1178. [PMID: 32517640 PMCID: PMC9721469 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.201900527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The United States is in the midst of a children's mental health crisis, with rates of depression, anxiety, and suicide increasing precipitously. Evidence produced by children's mental health services research can help address this crisis by informing public policy decisions about service delivery, system design, and investments in the social determinants of mental health. Unfortunately, the policy impact of children's mental health services research is limited because evidence often fails to reach policy makers, be responsive to their needs, resonate with their worldview, or reflect the contexts in which they make decisions. Dissemination strategies-defined as the development and targeted distribution of messages and materials about research evidence pertaining to a specific issue or intervention-can help address these challenges. Yet, limited integrated guidance exists to inform the design of such strategies. This article addresses this need by synthesizing the results of empirical studies to provide guidance about how to enhance the dissemination of children's mental health services research to policy makers. The article provides four recommendations about the content of policy maker-focused dissemination materials, discusses how strategic framing and message tailoring can increase the chances that evidence is persuasive to policy makers, and highlights strategies to ensure that evidence reaches policy makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Purtle
- Department of Health Management and Policy, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia (Purtle, Nelson); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (Bruns); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York (Hoagwood)
| | - Katherine L Nelson
- Department of Health Management and Policy, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia (Purtle, Nelson); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (Bruns); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York (Hoagwood)
| | - Eric J Bruns
- Department of Health Management and Policy, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia (Purtle, Nelson); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (Bruns); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York (Hoagwood)
| | - Kimberly E Hoagwood
- Department of Health Management and Policy, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia (Purtle, Nelson); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (Bruns); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York (Hoagwood)
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Rauh LD, Lathan HS, Masiello MM, Ratzan SC, Parker RM. A Select Bibliography of Actions to Promote Vaccine Literacy: A Resource for Health Communication. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2020; 25:843-858. [PMID: 33719890 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2021.1878312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this bibliography, the researchers provide an introduction to the available evidence base of actions to promote vaccine literacy. The research team organized interventions to create a tool that can inform health communicators and practitioners seeking a resource focused on strategy and implementation design for actions that support vaccine literacy. This scoping bibliography is honed specifically to respond to the urgency of the current pandemic, when supporting and increasing vaccine literacy offers promise for achieving the critically needed high levels of vaccination. Over the course of the coming months and year, this bibliography will be a dynamic and "living" document hosted and maintained on vaccineliteracy.com.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren D Rauh
- Department of Community Health and Social Sciences, City University of New York Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hannah S Lathan
- Department of Community Health and Social Sciences, City University of New York Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Scott C Ratzan
- Department of Community Health and Social Sciences, City University of New York Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ruth M Parker
- Division of General Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Chan MPS, Jamieson KH, Albarracin D. Prospective associations of regional social media messages with attitudes and actual vaccination: A big data and survey study of the influenza vaccine in the United States. Vaccine 2020; 38:6236-6247. [PMID: 32792251 PMCID: PMC7415418 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Regional Twitter vaccine content was prospectively associated with attitudes. Regional Twitter vaccine content was prospectively associated with vaccination. Discussing the influenza vaccine with others can remove the negative effects of Twitter vaccine content.
Objective Using longitudinal methods to assess regional associations between social media posts about vaccines and attitudes and actual vaccination against influenza in the US. Methods Geolocated tweets from U.S. counties (N = 115,330) were analyzed using MALLET LDA (Latent Dirichlet allocation) topic modeling techniques to correlate with prospective individual survey data (N = 3005) about vaccine attitudes, actual vaccination, and real-life discussions about vaccines with family and friends during the 2018–2019 influenza season. Results Ten topics were common across U.S. counties during the 2018–2019 influenza season. In the overall analyses, two of these topics (i.e., Vaccine Science Matters and Big Pharma) were associated with attitudes and behaviors. The topic concerning vaccine science in November-February was positively correlated with attitudes in February-March, r = 0.09, BF10 = 3. Moreover, among respondents who did not discuss the influenza vaccine with family and friends, the topic about vaccine fraud and children in November-February was negatively correlated with attitudes in February-March and with vaccination in February-March, and April-May (rs = −0.18 to −0.25, BF10 = 4–146). However, this was absent when participants had discussions about the influenza vaccine with family and friends. Discussion Regional vaccine content correlated with prospective measures of vaccine attitudes and actual vaccination. Conclusions Social media have demonstrated strong associations with vaccination patterns. When the associations are negative, discussions with family and friends appear to eliminate them. Programs to promote vaccination should encourage real-life conversations about vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Pui Sally Chan
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, United States.
| | | | - Dolores Albarracin
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, United States; The Annenberg Public Policy Center, University of Pennsylvania, PA, United States
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Riley AH, Sood S, Sani M. Narrative Persuasion and Social Norms in Entertainment-Education: Results from a Radio Drama in Mozambique. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2020; 35:1023-1032. [PMID: 31025883 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2019.1606137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Narrative persuasion and social norms are part of the most recent theorizing behind the health communication strategy known as entertainment-education. There is little research, however, that compares these theoretical constructs from Mozambique, a setting that has not been researched to the same extent as other EE practice locations. This study uses mixed methods data from the midline evaluation of Ouro Negro (English translation: Black Gold), an EE radio program for individual health and social change in Mozambique to answer two research questions: what is the relationship between exposure to Ouro Negro and narrative persuasion?, and what is the relationship between narrative persuasion with Ouro Negro and social norms? Quantitative results related to the first question indicated that exposure significantly predicted three narrative persuasion constructs in multivariate regression models, results confirmed by a storytelling activity in focus groups. Quantitative results for the second question, which utilized propensity score matching, were not significant, and findings from a qualitative 2 × 2 table activity confirmed that behaviors were not normative in the directions promoted by the radio drama. Implications and recommendations for future entertainment-education research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Henderson Riley
- Department of Community Health and Prevention, Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health
| | - Suruchi Sood
- Department of Community Health and Prevention, Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health
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Duchsherer A, Jason M, Platt CA, Majdik ZP. Immunized against science: Narrative community building among vaccine refusing/hesitant parents. PUBLIC UNDERSTANDING OF SCIENCE (BRISTOL, ENGLAND) 2020; 29:419-435. [PMID: 32434461 DOI: 10.1177/0963662520921537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recent outbreaks of measles have centered in specific communities, pointing to the influence of social ties on vaccination practices. This study adds to the conversation on public understanding of vaccine-related science, documenting how the individualist epistemologies highlighted in prior research are externalized and validated in communication with others, focusing on how the narrative strategies used to do so contribute to community building among vaccine refusing and hesitant parents. Through qualitative content analysis of testimonials given to the creators of the anti-vaccination documentary VaxXed, we identify how the common narrative strategies used to question the scientific consensus on vaccines-distrust of doctors, self-diagnosis, building credibility, advocacy, and community building-build a competing consensus based on personal expertise. With this approach, we are better able to understand how participation in online communities strengthens the privileging of individualist epistemologies among vaccine refusing and hesitant parents.
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48
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Baranowski T, Thompson D. Descriptive Normative Nutrition Messages to Maximize Effect in a Videogame: Narrative Review. Games Health J 2020; 9:237-254. [PMID: 31905035 DOI: 10.1089/g4h.2019.0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Messages containing descriptive norms have been manipulated and tested for effects on dietary intake in a number of studies. The effects have been mostly small or nonexistent. This narrative review analyzed the structural elements of the nutrition messages most likely related to effectiveness. Elements examined included the following: source, similarity of source to the participant, reference group, identification with or evaluative significance of the reference group, delivery, salience, background, tailoring, gain-loss framing, and whether an assessment of the group norm was conducted before designing the descriptive norm message. Most studies incorporated few of the reviewed structural elements, and message manipulations appeared weak. Controlled, systematic studies are needed to examine the effect of the structural elements, singly and in combination, on behavior and its mediators. Videogames are designed to be delivered in the same way to players; therefore, they offer a controlled environment for extensively and systematically manipulating structural elements of messages and examining the resulting behavioral effects. How this might be accomplished was described. Experimental research was identified as being necessary to delineate the individual and combined element effects, thereby contributing to the body of literature on videogame design and effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Baranowski
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Debbe Thompson
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, Texas
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Deng Q, Hu M, Yu F, Liu Q, Hao W, Wu Q, Luo T. A Community-Based Investigation of Stigma Toward Individuals Receiving Methadone Maintenance Treatment in China: A Randomized Case Vignette Study. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:601266. [PMID: 33324264 PMCID: PMC7723969 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.601266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Even though methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) is effective and widely recommended, it is widely misunderstood and stigmatized. This study aimed to explore people's attitudes and beliefs toward MMT, and stigmatization of MMT patients in China. Methods: This randomized, vignette-based study enrolled 1,066 household respondents (552 males and 514 females, response rate is 88.83%, 86.00% in vignette 1 and 91.66% in vignette 2) from two communities in China. Respondents initially completed questionnaires on sociodemographic characteristics and their knowledge about methadone and MMT. They were then randomly assigned to vignette 1 (described a patient receiving MMT) or vignette 2 (described a patient receiving amlodipine treatment). The labeling, stereotyping, and social distance toward the individual described in the vignettes were evaluated. Results: In these two vignettes, respondents showed a significantly higher level of stigma and discrimination toward the patient receiving MMT than the patient receiving amlodipine treatment. Approximately 60% of respondents believed that methadone is a type of addictive drug and that participating in MMT is a way to get high. Over 60% of respondents labeled the heroin-dependent patient who is receiving MMT as an addict even though the patient has not used heroin for several years; about 80% of them believed that the patient has undesirable characteristics and expressed a strong desire for social distance. Conclusions: People's misunderstanding of MMT, and stigmatization of MMT patients were very common among populations in the communities in China. To maximize MMT patients benefiting from MMT programs, more efforts are needed to minimize the impact of MMT-related stigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijian Deng
- Department of Psychiatry, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Maorong Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fang Yu
- Department of Psychology, Jiangxi Mental Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Qiaosheng Liu
- Department of Psychology, Jiangxi Mental Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Wei Hao
- Department of Psychiatry, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiuxia Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tao Luo
- Department of Psychology, Jiangxi Mental Hospital, Nanchang, China.,Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Zhu C, Xu X, Zhang W, Chen J, Evans R. How Health Communication via Tik Tok Makes a Difference: A Content Analysis of Tik Tok Accounts Run by Chinese Provincial Health Committees. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 17:ijerph17010192. [PMID: 31892122 PMCID: PMC6981526 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17010192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
During the last two decades, social media has immersed itself into all facets of our personal and professional lives. The healthcare sector is no exception, with public health departments now capitalizing on the benefits that social media offers when delivering healthcare education and communication with citizens. Provincial Health Committees (PHCs) in China have begun to adopt the micro-video sharing platform, Tik Tok, to engage with local residents and communicate health-related information. This study investigates the status quo of official Tik Tok accounts managed by PHCs in mainland China. In total, 31 PHC accounts were analyzed during August 2019, while the top 100 most liked micro-videos were examined using content analysis. Coding included three major aspects: Quantified Impact, Video Content, and Video Form. 45.2% (n = 14) of PHCs had official Tik Tok accounts. A limited number of accounts (n = 2) were yet to upload a micro-video, while most (n = 9) had uploaded their first micro-video during 2019. For the top 100 most liked micro-videos, a sharp difference was observed in terms of number of Likes, Comments and Reposts. Videos containing cartoons or documentary-style content were most frequently watched by citizens. Similarly, content that promoted professional health or provided knowledge of diseases was frequently viewed. Content containing original music, formal mandarin language, subtitles, and which lasted less than 60 s, were most frequently followed. It is considered a missed opportunity that most PHCs struggle to take advantage of the Tik Tok platform, especially given its growing popularity and daily increase in account creation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyan Zhu
- College of Public Administration, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (C.Z.); (X.X.)
| | - Xiaolin Xu
- College of Public Administration, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (C.Z.); (X.X.)
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-13397110378
| | - Jianmin Chen
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China;
| | - Richard Evans
- College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, UK;
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