1
|
Nasarudin NAI, Azilah AM, Yazid NSM, Sukor R, Raman J, Raseetha S. Influence of Drying Temperatures on Color Variation, Phenolic Compounds and Multi-Elemental Composition of Some Culinary- Medicinal Mushrooms. Int J Med Mushrooms 2024; 26:69-80. [PMID: 38801088 DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024053564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Although mushrooms are widely used for nutraceutical purposes, post-harvest storage is extremely crucial to avoid degradation and quality reduction in fresh mushrooms. Drying treatments are commonly applied in the mushroom industry to extend shelf life. Drying may cause instability of food quality and antioxidant parameters due to unsuitable drying temperatures. Therefore, in this research a common set of temperatures typically used by mushroom growers was applied (50°C, 60°C, 70°C) to Ganoderma lucidum, Lignosus rhinocerus, Auricularia auricula-judae, and Schizophyllum commune to analyze color changes and concentration of elements and phenolic compounds. Mushrooms were chosen based on commonly cultivated species among growers. L. rhinocerus dried at 70°C indicated significantly lower L* (78.90) compared to control (89.94). Element retention in each sample differed depending on the species. The amount of calcium was significantly higher in L. rhinocerus (11,893 mg/kg) and A. auricula-judae (10,941.81 mg/kg) when dried at 60°C. Drying at 70°C resulted in significantly higher magnesium for Sch. commune (13,054.38 mg/kg) and A. auricula-judae (80,56.92 mg/kg). Higher levels of iron and manganese were observed in Sch. commune dried at 70°C (216.54 and 10.02 mg/kg, respectively). Gallic acid had significantly higher retention at 50°C for A. auricula-judae and G. lucidum. Meanwhile, L. rhinocerus and Sch. commune showed significantly higher gallic acid at 60°C. It is evident from these results that temperature does affect the food quality and elemental parameters during the drying process for each mushroom.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdul-Malek Azilah
- Agrotechnology and Bioscience Division (Dengkil Complex), Malaysian Nuclear Agency, Selangor
| | - Nurulain Syuhada Mohamad Yazid
- Department of Technology and Natural Resources, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, UTHM Pagoh Campus, Pagoh Higher Education Hub, KM 1, Jalan Panchor, 84600, Muar, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Rashidah Sukor
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jegadeesh Raman
- Mushroom Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumsung, Republic of Korea
| | - Siva Raseetha
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; Faculty of Science, Mushroom Research Centre, Institute of Biological Sciences, University Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Falandysz J, Nnorom IC, Mędyk M. Rare Earth Elements in Boletus edulis (King Bolete) Mushrooms from Lowland and Montane Areas in Poland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19158948. [PMID: 35897319 PMCID: PMC9331855 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19158948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mining/exploitation and commercial applications of the rare-earth elements (REEs: La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu) in the past 3 decades have raised concerns about their emissions to the environment, possible accumulation in food webs, and occupational/environmental health effects. The occurrence and distribution of REEs Y and Sc in the fruitbodies of Boletus edulis collected from geographically diverse regions in Poland were studied in 14 composite samples that were derived from 261 whole fruiting bodies. Individual REE median concentrations ranged from 0.4–95 µg kg−1 dry weight (dw). The summed REE concentrations varied widely, with a median value of 310 µg kg−1 dw and a range of 87 to 758 µg kg−1. The Sc and Y median concentrations (dw) were 35 and 42 µg kg−1, respectively. Ce, La, and Nd, with median values of 95, 51, and 32 µg kg−1, respectively, showed the highest occurrence. B. edulis collected from a forested area formerly used as a military shooting range—possibly a historically contaminated site—had an elevated summed REE content of 1796 µg kg−1. REE concentrations were generally low in Polish King Bolete. Dietary intake from a mushroom meal was negligible, posing no health risk to consumers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Falandysz
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, 1 Muszyńskiego Street, 90-151 Łódź, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Innocent Chidi Nnorom
- Analytical/Environmental Unit, Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Abia State University, Uturu P.M.B. 2000, Nigeria;
| | - Małgorzata Mędyk
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, University of Gdańsk, 80-309 Gdańsk, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Exposure to Essential and Toxic Elements via Consumption of Agaricaceae, Amanitaceae, Boletaceae, and Russulaceae Mushrooms from Southern Spain and Northern Morocco. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8050545. [PMID: 35628800 PMCID: PMC9145171 DOI: 10.3390/jof8050545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The demand and interest in mushrooms, both cultivated and wild, has increased among consumers in recent years due to a better understanding of the benefits of this food. However, the ability of wild edible mushrooms to accumulate essential and toxic elements is well documented. In this study, a total of eight metallic elements and metalloids (chromium (Cr), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and selenium (Se)) were determined by ICP-MS in five wild edible mushroom species (Agaricus silvicola, Amanita caesarea, Boletus aereus, Boletus edulis, and Russula cyanoxantha) collected in southern Spain and northern Morocco. Overall, Zn was found to be the predominant element among the studied species, followed by Cu and Se. The multivariate analysis suggested that considerable differences exist in the uptake of the essential and toxic elements determined, linked to species-intrinsic factors. Furthermore, the highest Estimated Daily Intake of Metals (EDIM) values obtained were observed for Zn. The Health Risk Index (HRI) assessment for all the mushroom species studied showed a Hg-related cause of concern due to the frequent consumption of around 300 g of fresh mushrooms per day during the mushrooming season.
Collapse
|
4
|
Árvay J, Hauptvogl M, Demková L, Harangozo Ľ, Šnirc M, Bobuľská L, Štefániková J, Kováčik A, Jakabová S, Jančo I, Kunca V, Relić D. Mercury in scarletina bolete mushroom (Neoboletus luridiformis): Intake, spatial distribution in the fruiting body, accumulation ability and health risk assessment. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 232:113235. [PMID: 35085888 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, we focused on two aspects of mercury (Hg) bioconcentration in the above-ground parts of Neoboletus luridiformis. In the first part, we monitored the bioconcentration potential of individual anatomical parts of a particular fruiting body and evaluated the obtained data by the spline interpolation method. In the second part, we focused on assessing the mercury content in 378 samples of N. luridiformis and associated samples of substrates from 38 localities with different levels of Hg content in Slovakia. From the obtained data of Hg content in samples of substrate and fungi, we evaluated ecological indicators (geoaccumulation index - Igeo, contamination factor - Cf a potential ecological risk - PER), bioconcentration indicators (bioconcentration factor - BCF; cap/stipe quotient - Qc/s) and health indicators (percentage of provisional tolerable weekly intake - %PTWI a target hazard quotient - THQ). Based on the Hg distribution results, the highest Hg content was found in the tubes & pores (3.86 mg/kg DW), followed by the flesh of cap (1.82 mg/kg DW). The lowest Hg content was in the stipe (1.23 mg/kg DW). The results of the BCF values indicate that the studied species can be included in the category of mercury accumulators. The results of the ecological indices representing the state of soil pollution pointed out that two localities (Malachov and Nižná Slaná) stood apart from all monitored localities and showed a state of an extremely disturbed environment. This fact was also reflected in the values of Hg content in the fruiting bodies of the studied mushroom species. In the case of the consumption of mushrooms from these localities, it can be stated that long-term and regular consumption could have a negative non-carcinogenic effect on the health of consumers. It was confirmed by the %PTWI (Malachov: 57.8%; Nižná Slaná: 53.2%) and THQ (Malachov: 1.11 Nižná Slaná: 1.02). The locality Čačín-Jelšovec is interesting from the bioconcentration characteristics point of view, where the level of environmental pollution was the lowest (Hg content in the soil was below the background value) compared to other localities, however, the THQ value was the highest (1.29).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Július Árvay
- Institute of Food Sciences, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic.
| | - Martin Hauptvogl
- Institute of Environmental Management, Faculty of European Studies and Regional Development, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic.
| | - Lenka Demková
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, University of Prešov, 17. Novembra 1, 081 16, Prešov, Slovak Republic.
| | - Ľuboš Harangozo
- Institute of Food Sciences, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic.
| | - Marek Šnirc
- Institute of Food Sciences, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic.
| | - Lenka Bobuľská
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, University of Prešov, 17. Novembra 1, 081 16, Prešov, Slovak Republic.
| | - Jana Štefániková
- AgroBioTech - Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic.
| | - Anton Kováčik
- Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic.
| | - Silvia Jakabová
- Institute of Food Sciences, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic.
| | - Ivona Jančo
- Institute of Food Sciences, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic.
| | - Vladimír Kunca
- Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Technical University in Zvolen, T.G.Masaryka 24, 960 01 Zvolen, Slovak Republic.
| | - Dubravka Relić
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 12-16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Falandysz J, Saba M, Rutkowska M, Konieczka P. Total mercury and methylmercury (MeHg) in braised and crude Boletus edulis carpophores during various developmental stages. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:3107-3115. [PMID: 34386922 PMCID: PMC8732834 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15884-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We collected and processed Boletus edulis (King Bolete) carpophores grouped in four batches based on their developmental stage (button stage, young-white, large-white, and large-yellow). The study aimed, for the first time, to examine the B. edulis content and effect of braising and to estimate the intake of total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) from a single meal based on whole (wet) weight (ww) and dry weight (dw). In braised carpophores, THg concentrations ranged from 0.2668 ± 0.0090 to 0.5434 ± 0.0071 mg kg-1 ww at different developmental stages, whereas crude products concentrations ranged from 0.1880 ± 0.0247 to 0.2929 ± 0.0030 mg kg-1 ww. The button stage crude carpophores were more highly contaminated with THg than at later stages of maturity, but MeHg levels were lower (p < 0.0001). On the other hand, braised button stage carpophores showed more MeHg than at later maturity stages. MeHg contributed at 1.9 ± 0.7% in THg in crude mushrooms and at 1.4 ± 0.3% in braised meals. The effect of braising was to increase the average THg and MeHg contents in fresh mushroom meals by 52 ± 31% and 53 ± 122% respectively, but a reduction of 40 ±14% and 40 ± 49% respectively was seen on a dw basis. The potential intakes of THg and MeHg from braised meals of B. edulis studied were small and considered safe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Falandysz
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, 1 Muszyńskiego Street, 90-151, Łódź, Poland.
| | - Martyna Saba
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, 63 Wita Stwosza Street, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Rutkowska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 G. Narutowicza Street, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Konieczka
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 G. Narutowicza Street, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Falandysz J. Nutritional and Other Trace Elements and Their Associations in Raw King Bolete Mushrooms, Boletus edulis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:417. [PMID: 35010677 PMCID: PMC8744723 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and associations of Ag, As, Ba, Bi, Cd, Co, Cu, Cs, Hg, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sb, Sr, Tl, U, V, W, and Zn, including data that have not been previously reported on Be, Hf, In, Li, Mo, Nb, Sn, Ta, Th, Ti and Zr, and the sum of (14) rare earth elements (ƩREE), were studied in a spatially diverse collection of the B. edulis caps, stipes, and whole fruiting bodies using a validated procedure with measurement by quadrupole ICP-MS. Toxic Cd and Pb were in B. edulis at concentrations below limits set by the European Union in regulations for raw cultivated mushrooms, while Ag, As, Hg, Sb, Tl, and U, which are not regulated, were at relatively low or typical levels as is usually found in mushrooms from an unpolluted area. The elements Be, Bi, Ga, Ge, Hf, In, Nb, Ta, Th, and W, and also ƩREEs, were found at relatively low concentrations in B. edulis, i.e., with levels from below 0.1 to below 0.01 mg kg-1 dw, and for Ʃ14 REEs, the median was 0.31 mg kg-1 dw. The composite samples of caps showed Ag, Cd, Cu, Cs, Ga, Ge, Hg, Mo, Ni, Rb, Sb, Ti, and Zn at higher concentrations than stipes, while Ba, Co, Hf, Sr, Tl, and Zr were found at higher concentrations in stipes than caps (p < 0.05). Mushrooms were characterized by a low coefficient of variation (CV) of below 20%, between sites for concentrations of As, Cu, Ge, Hg, Ni, V, and Zn, while substantial differences (CV > 100%) were found for Ba, Bi, Co, Hf, Zr, and ƩREEs, and an intermediate variation was found for Sr, W, and U. Principal component analysis performed on mushrooms allowed differentiation with respect to 13 collection sites and separation of a consignment that was specifically contaminated, possibly due to a legacy pollution, with significantly higher levels of Ba, Co, Ga, Li, Nb, Ni, Sr, Th, Ti, Y, Zr, and ƩREEs, and another due to possible recent pollution (Pb-gasoline and also Ni); two due to geological contamination because of the Bi, In, Sc, Sb, Sn, Ta, V and W; and one more, the Sudety Mts. site, which was considered as "geogenic/anthropogenic" due to Ag, As, Be, Cd, Cs, Ni, Pb, Rb, Tl, and U.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Falandysz
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszyńskiego Street, 90-151 Łódź, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Malinowski R, Sotek Z, Stasińska M, Malinowska K, Radke P, Malinowska A. Bioaccumulation of Macronutrients in Edible Mushrooms in Various Habitat Conditions of NW Poland-Role in the Human Diet. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:8881. [PMID: 34444630 PMCID: PMC8395067 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the interest in mushroom consumption has been growing, since their taste and low calorific value are appreciated, but also due to their nutritional value. In determining the usefulness of mushrooms in the human diet, it is important to consider the conditions of their occurrence to perform the assessment of bioaccumulation of minerals. The aim of the study was: (a) to determine the content of selected macronutrients (P, K, Ca, Mg, Na) in fruiting bodies of Boletus edulis, Imleria badia, Leccinum scabrum and the soils, (b) to determine their bioaccumulation potential taking into account the habitat conditions, and (c) an attempt to estimate their role in covering the requirement for macronutrients of the human organism. The research material was obtained in the NW of Poland: Uznam and Wolin, the Drawa Plain and the Ińsko Lakeland. In the soil, we determined the content of organic matter, pH, salinity and the content of absorbable and general forms of macronutrients. The content of macronutrients in mushrooms was also determined. Chemical analyses were performed using the generally accepted test methods. The study showed that in NW Poland, B. edulis grew on the acidic soils of Arenosols, and I. badia and L. scabrum grew on Podzols. The uptake of K, Mg and Ca by the tested mushrooms was positively, and P and Na negatively correlated with the content of these elements in the soil. The acidity of the soil affected the uptake of K and Mg by mushrooms. There was no effect of the amount of organic matter in the soil noticed on the content of macronutrients (except sodium) in mushrooms. Among the studied macronutrients, none of the mushrooms accumulated Ca, while P and K were generally accumulated in the highest amounts, regardless of the species. Each of the other elements was usually accumulated at a similar level in the fruiting bodies of the species we studied. The exception was I. badia, which accumulated higher amounts of Mg compared to B. edulis and L. scabrum. Mushrooms can enrich the diet with some macronutrients, especially in P and K.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryszard Malinowski
- Department of Environmental Management, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Słowackiego 17 Street, 71-434 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Zofia Sotek
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Szczecin, Adama Mickiewicza 16 Street, 70-383 Szczecin, Poland; (Z.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Małgorzata Stasińska
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Szczecin, Adama Mickiewicza 16 Street, 70-383 Szczecin, Poland; (Z.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Katarzyna Malinowska
- Department of Bioengineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Słowackiego 17 Street, 71-434 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Patrycja Radke
- Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, Wąska 12 Street, 71-899 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Alicja Malinowska
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Major Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Rybacka 1 Street, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pankavec S, Falandysz J, Hanć A, Komorowicz I, Fernandes AR, Barałkiewicz D. Lithiation of Agaricus bisporus mushrooms using compost fortified with LiOH: Effect of fortification levels on Li uptake and co-accumulation of other trace elements. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2021; 56:761-770. [PMID: 34190029 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2021.1944837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the lithiation of white Agaricus bisporus (common button) mushrooms using compost fortified with LiOH solutions at concentrations from 1 to 500 mg kg-1 compost dw. Apart from the highest level of fortification, the median Li concentrations in the cultivated mushrooms were elevated from 0.74 to 21 mg kg-1 dw (corresponding to compost fortification from 1.0 to 100 mg LiOH, kg-1 dw), relative to control mushrooms at 0.031 mg kg-1 dw. The bio-concentration potential for Li uptake in fruiting bodies was found to decrease at higher levels of fortification e.g. 50 - 100 mg kg-1 dw, and at the highest level - 500 mg kg-1, the mycelium failed to produce mushrooms. The fortification of the compost with LiOH appears to have had little, if any, effect on the co-accumulation of other elements such as Ag, Al, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sr, Tl, U, V and Zn in the fruiting bodies, which generally occurred at the lower range of the results reported in the literature for cultivated A. bisporus. Thus compost fortification with LiOH provides an effective means of lithiating A. bisporus for potential pro-therapeutic use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sviatlana Pankavec
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, University of Gdańsk, Gdański, Poland
| | - Jerzy Falandysz
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, University of Gdańsk, Gdański, Poland
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Anetta Hanć
- Department of Trace Elements Analysis by Spectroscopy Methods, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Izabela Komorowicz
- Department of Trace Elements Analysis by Spectroscopy Methods, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Alwyn R Fernandes
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Danuta Barałkiewicz
- Department of Trace Elements Analysis by Spectroscopy Methods, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Orywal K, Socha K, Nowakowski P, Zoń W, Kaczyński P, Mroczko B, Łozowicka B, Perkowski M. Health risk assessment of exposure to toxic elements resulting from consumption of dried wild-grown mushrooms available for sale. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252834. [PMID: 34161345 PMCID: PMC8221490 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms exhibit a high ability to accumulate potentially toxic elements. The legal regulations in force in the European Union countries do not define the maximum content of elements in dried wild-grown mushrooms. This study presents the content of mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) determined in dried wild-grown mushrooms (Boletus edulis and Xerocomus badius) available for sale. Moreover, the health risk associated with their consumption is assessed. The inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Cd, Pb, As) and atomic absorption spectrometry (Hg) were used. The mean Hg, Cd, Pb and As concentration in Boletus edulis was 3.039±1.092, 1.983±1.145, 1.156±1.049 and 0.897±0.469 mg/kg and in Xerocomus badius 0.102±0.020, 1.154±0.596, 0.928±1.810 and 0.278±0.108 mg/kg, respectively. The maximum value of the hazard index (HI) showed that the consumption of a standard portion of dried Boletus edulis may have negative consequences for health and corresponded to 76.2%, 34.1%, 33% and 4.3% of the maximum daily doses of Hg, Cd, Pb and As, respectively. The results indicate that the content of toxic elements in dried wild-grown mushrooms should be monitored. The issue constitutes a legal niche where unfavourable EU regulations may pose a threat to food safety and consumer health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Orywal
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Bialystok, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Katarzyna Socha
- Department of Bromatology, Medical University of Bialystok, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Patryk Nowakowski
- Department of Bromatology, Medical University of Bialystok, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Wojciech Zoń
- Department of Public International Law and European Law, University of Białystok, Faculty of Law, Białystok, Poland
| | - Piotr Kaczyński
- Institute of Plant Protection–National Research Institute, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Barbara Mroczko
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Bożena Łozowicka
- Institute of Plant Protection–National Research Institute, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Maciej Perkowski
- Department of Public International Law and European Law, University of Białystok, Faculty of Law, Białystok, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pankavec S, Falandysz J, Hanć A, Komorowicz I, Barałkiewicz D, Fernandes AR. Enhancing the lithium content of white button mushrooms Agaricus bisporus using LiNO3 fortified compost: effects on the uptake of Li and other trace elements. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2021; 38:1193-1205. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2021.1912401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sviatlana Pankavec
- Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jerzy Falandysz
- Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Anetta Hanć
- Department of Trace Elements Analysis by Spectroscopy Methods, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Izabela Komorowicz
- Department of Trace Elements Analysis by Spectroscopy Methods, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Danuta Barałkiewicz
- Department of Trace Elements Analysis by Spectroscopy Methods, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Alwyn R. Fernandes
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Falandysz J, Saba M, Strumińska-Parulska D. 137Caesium, 40K and total K in Boletus edulis at different maturity stages: Effect of braising and estimated radiation dose intake. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 268:129336. [PMID: 33359994 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We studied activity concentrations of artificial 137Cs and natural 40K and concentration of total potassium (K) in Boletus edulis at different maturity stages (button, young - white, large - white and large - yellow), and the effect of braising and human dietary intake. Mushrooms were collected from the northern region of Poland in 2019. The 137Cs activity concentration was significantly higher in raw and braised button stage samples and decreased as the fruitbody matured, but conversely, 40K was lower in the raw button stage than in older fruitbodies. 137Cs activity concentrations in raw, button stage B. edulis were 36 ± 1 Bq kg-1 ww (360 ± 1 Bq kg-1 dw), increasing to 70 ± 2 Bq kg-1 ww (290 ± 7 Bq kg-1 dw) when braised. This activity was around fourteen-fold higher (p < 0.0001) than at higher maturity stages which showed 2.5 ± 0.7 Bq kg-1 ww (25 ± 7 Bq kg-1 dw) in raw and 4.9 ± 0.7 Bq kg-1 ww (19 ± 4 Bq kg-1 dw) in braised fruitbodies. In comparison to raw B. edulis, braising enriched the activity concentrations of 137Cs at 110 ± 69% and 40K at 80 ± 56% on a whole (wet) weight basis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Falandysz
- University of Gdańsk, Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, 63 Wita Stwosza Street, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Martyna Saba
- University of Gdańsk, Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, 63 Wita Stwosza Street, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Dagmara Strumińska-Parulska
- University of Gdańsk, Toxicology and Radiation Protection Laboratory, 63 Wita Stwosza Street, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Falandysz J, Zalewska T, Saniewski M, Fernandes AR. An evaluation of the occurrence and trends in 137Cs and 40K radioactivity in King Bolete Boletus edulis mushrooms in Poland during 1995-2019. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:10.1007/s11356-021-12433-8. [PMID: 33625702 PMCID: PMC8241671 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12433-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
B. edulis, collected from 33 forested or woodland sites across Poland over 25 years since 1995, were analysed for radiocaesium. The results (137Cs activity range: 25 to 10,000 Bq kg-1 dry weight) provide a good indication of artificial radioactivity in this food material. The relatively higher levels detected in the earlier years, mostly in easterly location, is consistent with depositions from the projected Chernobyl incident (1986) fallout plumes. Nevertheless, the 137Cs concentrations during 1995-2010 were, on average, higher than those reported by other studies for Polish B. edulis over the period 1986-1994. The data concurs with the general hypothesis and observations that deposited 137Cs permeates slowly over time to deeper soil horizons which host the mycelial networks. This delay in availability shows that (apart from hotspots) higher contamination of fruiting bodies occurred around 10 to 20 years after the incident. Local consumers and recreational mushroomers were undoubtedly exposed, although reported 137Cs concentrations suggest that serious breaches of regulated levels were uncommon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Falandysz
- University of Gdańsk, Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, 63 Wita Stwosza Street, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Tamara Zalewska
- Institute of Meteorology and Water Management - Maritime Branch, National Research Institute, 42 Waszyngtona Av, 81-342, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Michał Saniewski
- Institute of Meteorology and Water Management - Maritime Branch, National Research Institute, 42 Waszyngtona Av, 81-342, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Alwyn R Fernandes
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Strumińska-Parulska D, Olszewski G, Moniakowska A, Zhang J, Falandysz J. Bolete mushroom Boletus bainiugan from Yunnan as a reflection of the geographical distribution of 210Po, 210Pb and uranium ( 234U, 235U, 238U) radionuclides, their intake rates and effective exposure doses. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 253:126585. [PMID: 32278187 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This pioneering study aimed to determine the activity concentrations of 210Po, 210Pb and uranium (234U, 235U, 238U) radionuclides in fruit bodies of wild bolete Boletus bainiugan Dentinger and to estimate its edible safety, which may give scientific evidence for the consumption of this species. The analyses were performed using alpha spectrometer after digestion, exchange resins separation and deposition. Measurement data were analysed and interpolation maps reflecting 210Po, 210Pb and uranium (234U, 235U, 238U) geographical distribution in Yunnan province (China) were presented. In addition, from the perspective of food safety, the possible related effective radiation dose to mushrooms consumers were estimated. The results indicated that 210Po, 210Pb and uranium (234U, 235U, 238U) radionuclides contents in B. bainiugan were significantly different with respect to geographical distribution, and their possible intake in a part of the region was considerably higher. A very interesting observation was done according to the values of 235U/238U activity ratio indicating the occurrence of uranium faction from the global fallout of nuclear weapon tests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara Strumińska-Parulska
- Toxicology and Radiation Protection Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Olszewski
- Toxicology and Radiation Protection Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Moniakowska
- Toxicology and Radiation Protection Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ji Zhang
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650200, China
| | - Jerzy Falandysz
- Environmental Chemistry & Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland; University of Cartagena, Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, 130015, Cartagena, Colombia; Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650200, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Świsłowski P, Dołhańczuk-Śródka A, Rajfur M. Bibliometric analysis of European publications between 2001 and 2016 on concentrations of selected elements in mushrooms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:22235-22250. [PMID: 32329001 PMCID: PMC7293692 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08693-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This article presents a bibliometric study of 200 European publications released between 2001 and 2016, about the contamination of mushrooms by selected elements. The analysis includes figures on the type of analyte, its concentration, the species of fungi, and its country of origin. In the literature review, 492 species of mushrooms (wild-growing and cultured) found in 26 European countries and their concentration of 74 associated elements were analysed. The papers, which dealt mainly with the heavy metal (Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb, and Zn) concentrations of mushrooms, primarily came from Turkey, Poland, Spain, and the Czech Republic. More than 50% of the publications provided data about edible mushrooms. The results of the bibliometric analysis showed that over the 16 years, European research on fungal contamination by selected analytes has not lessened in popularity and is ongoing. Many of the studies underlined the need to assess the risk to human health arising from the consumption of contaminated mushrooms taken from various habitats. These results were the effect of, among other things, the strong interest in studies carried out on edible species, in which concentrations of mainly heavy metals that are dangerous to health and are marked were indicated (Cd, Pb, and Hg).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Świsłowski
- Institute of Environmental Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Opole, B. Kominka 6a Street, 45-032, Opole, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Dołhańczuk-Śródka
- Institute of Environmental Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Opole, B. Kominka 6a Street, 45-032, Opole, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Rajfur
- Institute of Environmental Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Opole, B. Kominka 6a Street, 45-032, Opole, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang J, Barałkiewicz D, Hanć A, Falandysz J, Wang Y. Contents and Health Risk Assessment of Elements in Three Edible Ectomycorrhizal Fungi (Boletaceae) from Polymetallic Soils in Yunnan Province, SW China. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 195:250-259. [PMID: 31363991 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01843-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Ectomycorrhizal fungi (EcMF) can mobilize mineral elements directly from insoluble mineral sources and accumulate various metallic elements and metalloids from soils to their fruiting bodies. Mushrooms from genus Boletus and its related genus are one of the most important EcMF which are consumed worldwide as wild edible mushrooms. Yunnan province (China) is a high biodiversity of genus Boletus mushrooms but is also an area with potential elevated contents of toxic elements in soil. Total contents of As, Ag, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Li, Mn, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sb, Sr, Tl, U, V, and Zn in three edible EcMF species collected from five sites of Yunnan were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. The highest contents for As, Cd, and Pb were 7.8 mg kg-1 dry weight (dw) in the caps of Butyriboletus roseoflavus, 3.4 mg kg-1 dw in the caps of B. roseoflavus, and 6.4 mg kg-1 dw in the stipes of Hemileccinum impolitum. Health risk assessment of As, Cd, and Pb indicated that the estimated exposure due to intakes of some mushroom samples from the sites were above the limits recommended by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. Since EcMF were considered as bioexclusors of Cr, higher Cr contents in the mushroom samples, compared with previous studies, indicated high geochemical background value of Cr in the sampling sites. Relatively higher V contents in mushrooms from family Boletaceae could also associate with the high V contents in Yunnan soil. Further work is needed to identify the places in Yunnan with geochemical anomalies resulting in high levels of toxic elements in EcMF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650200, China.
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, China.
| | - Danuta Barałkiewicz
- Department of Trace Element Analysis by Spectroscopy Method, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Anetta Hanć
- Department of Trace Element Analysis by Spectroscopy Method, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jerzy Falandysz
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650200, China
- Environmental Chemistry & Ecotoxicology, University of Gdańsk, 80-309, Gdańsk, Poland
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, 130015, Colombia
| | - Yuanzhong Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650200, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Falandysz J, Zalewska T, Fernandes AR. 137Cs and 40K in Cortinarius caperatus mushrooms (1996-2016) in Poland - Bioconcentration and estimated intake: 137Cs in Cortinarius spp. from the Northern Hemisphere from 1974 to 2016. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 255:113208. [PMID: 31654855 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cortinarius caperatus grows in the northern regions of Europe, North America and Asia and is widely collected by mushroom foragers across Europe. This study shows that in the last three decades since the Chernobyl nuclear accident, C. caperatus collected across much of Northern Poland exhibited high activity concentrations of radiocaesium (137Cs) - a long-lived radionuclide. The mushroom appears to efficiently bioconcentrate 137Cs from contaminated soil substrata followed by sequestration into its morphological parts such as the cap and stipe which are used as food. The gradual leaching of 137Cs into the lower strata of surface soils in exposed areas are likely to facilitate higher bioavailability to the mycelia of this species which penetrate to relatively greater depths and may account for the continuing high activity levels noticed in Polish samples (e.g. activity within caps in some locations was still at 11,000 Bq kg-1 dw in 2008 relative to a peak of 18,000 in 2002). The associated dietary intake levels of 137Cs have often exceeded the tolerance limits set by the European Union (370 and 600 Bq kg-1 ww for children and adults respectively) during the years 1996-2010. Human dietary exposure to 137Cs is influenced by the method of food preparation and may be mitigated by blanching followed by disposal of the water, rather than direct consumption after stir-frying or stewing. It may be prudent to provide precautionary advice and monitor activity levels, as this mushroom continues to be foraged by casual as well as experienced mushroom hunters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Falandysz
- University of Gdańsk, Environmental Chemistry & Ecotoxicology, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland; Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, 130015, Cartagena, Colombia; Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650200, China.
| | - Tamara Zalewska
- Institute of Meteorology and Water Management, Maritime Branch, National Research Institute, 42 Waszyngtona Av., 81-342, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Alwyn R Fernandes
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Šíma J, Vondruška J, Svoboda L, Šeda M, Rokos L. The Accumulation of Risk and Essential Elements in Edible MushroomsChlorophyllum rhacodes,Suillus grevillei,Imleria badia, andXerocomellus chrysenteronGrowing in the Czech Republic. Chem Biodivers 2019; 16:e1800478. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201800478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Šíma
- Department of Applied ChemistryUniversity of South Bohemia, Faculty of Agriculture, Studentská 1668 CZ-37005 České Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Jan Vondruška
- Department of Applied ChemistryUniversity of South Bohemia, Faculty of Agriculture, Studentská 1668 CZ-37005 České Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Lubomír Svoboda
- Department of Applied ChemistryUniversity of South Bohemia, Faculty of Agriculture, Studentská 1668 CZ-37005 České Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Martin Šeda
- Department of Applied ChemistryUniversity of South Bohemia, Faculty of Agriculture, Studentská 1668 CZ-37005 České Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Rokos
- Department of BiologyUniversity of South Bohemia, Faculty of Education CZ-37005 České Budějovice Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Alaimo MG, Dongarrà G, La Rosa A, Tamburo E, Vasquez G, Varrica D. Major and trace elements in Boletus aereus and Clitopilus prunulus growing on volcanic and sedimentary soils of Sicily (Italy). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 157:182-190. [PMID: 29621710 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.03.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine and compare the content of 28 elements (Ag, Al, As, Ba, Be, Bi, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sb, Se, Sr, Tl, U, V and Zn) in fruiting bodies of Boletus aereus Bull. and Clitopilus prunulus P. Kumm collected from eleven unpolluted sites of Sicily (Italy) and, also to relate the abundance of chemical elements in soil with their concentration in mushrooms. Median concentrations of the most abundant elements in Boletus aereus ranged from 31,290 μg/g (K) to 107 μg/g (Zn) in caps and from 24,009 μg/g (K) to 57 μg/g (Zn) in stalks with the following abundance order: K > Na > Ca > Mg > Fe > Al > Rb > Zn. The same elements, in the whole fruiting body of Clitopilus prunulus samples, varied in the range 54,073-92 μg/g following the abundance order: K > Na > Mg > Ca > Fe > Al > Rb > Zn. Metal contents in Boletus aereus and in the whole fruiting body of Clitopilus prunulus, collected from the same sampling sites, showed statistically significant differences for most elements. In particular, Clitopilus prunulus contained around two to four times more Co, Cr, Fe, Mg, Mo, Pb, U and V than caps and stalks of Boletus aereus species which, in turn, was from two to four times more enriched in Cu, Se and Tl. Thus, the elemental content of Boletus aereus and Clitopilus prunulus appeared to be species-dependent. The distribution of chemical elements in Boletus aereus was not uniform throughout the whole fruiting body as most elements were significantly bioconcentrated in caps. Furthermore, the fruit bodies of Boletus aereus from the volcanic soil differed both in major and minor elements concentrations from those collected from sedimentary soils. Cadmium and lead concentrations were below the threshold limits for wild mushrooms proposed by EU Directives (2008 and 2015). The elemental content was not significantly influenced by soil pH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M G Alaimo
- Dip. Scienze della Terra e del Mare, via Archirafi 22, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - G Dongarrà
- Dip. Scienze della Terra e del Mare, via Archirafi 22, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - A La Rosa
- Cooperativa Silene, Via D'Ondes Reggio 8/A, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - E Tamburo
- Dip. Scienze della Terra e del Mare, via Archirafi 22, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - G Vasquez
- Associazione Micologica Bresadola (AMB) Catania, via Macallè 18, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - D Varrica
- Dip. Scienze della Terra e del Mare, via Archirafi 22, 90123 Palermo, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Su J, Zhang J, Li J, Li T, Liu H, Wang Y. Determination of mineral contents of wild Boletus edulis mushroom and its edible safety assessment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2018; 53:454-463. [PMID: 29624491 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2018.1455361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the contents of main mineral elements of wild Boletus edulis and to assess its edible safety, which may provide scientific evidence for the utilization of this species. Fourteen mineral contents (Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Sr, V and Zn) in the caps and stipes of B. edulis as well as the corresponding surface soils collected from nine different geographic regions in Yunnan Province, southwest China were determined. The analyses were performed using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES) after microwave digestion. Measurement data were analyzed using variance and Pearson correlation analysis. Edible safety was evaluated according to the provisionally tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) of heavy metals recommended by United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization and World Health Organization (FAO/WHO). Mineral contents were significantly different with the variance of collection areas. B. edulis showed relative abundant contents of Ca, Fe, Mg and Na, followed by Ba, Cr, Cu, Mn and Zn, and the elements with the lower content less were Cd, Co, Ni, Sr and V. The elements accumulation differed significantly in caps and stipes. Among them, Cd and Zn were bioconcentrated (BCF > 1) while others were bioexcluded (BCF < 1). The mineral contents in B. edulis and its surface soil were positively related, indicating that the elements accumulation level was related to soil background. In addition, from the perspective of food safety, if an adult (60 kg) eats 300 g fresh B. edulis per week, the intake of Cd in most of tested mushrooms were lower than PTWI value whereas the Cd intakes in some other samples were higher than this standard. The results indicated that the main mineral contents in B. edulis were significantly different with respect to geographical distribution, and the Cd intake in a few of regions was higher than the acceptable intakes with a potential risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiuyan Su
- a College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University , Kunming , China
- b Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Kunming , China
| | - Ji Zhang
- b Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Kunming , China
- c Yunnan Technical Center for Quality of Chinese Materia Medica , Kunming , China
| | - Jieqing Li
- a College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University , Kunming , China
| | - Tao Li
- d College of Resources and Environment, Yuxi Normal University , Yuxi , China
| | - Honggao Liu
- a College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University , Kunming , China
| | - Yuanzhong Wang
- b Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Kunming , China
- c Yunnan Technical Center for Quality of Chinese Materia Medica , Kunming , China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yao S, Li T, Liu H, Li J, Wang Y. Traceability of Boletaceae mushrooms using data fusion of UV-visible and FTIR combined with chemometrics methods. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:2215-2222. [PMID: 28963727 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Boletaceae mushrooms are wild-grown edible mushrooms that have high nutrition, delicious flavor and large economic value distributing in Yunnan Province, China. Traceability is important for the authentication and quality assessment of Boletaceae mushrooms. In this study, UV-visible and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies were applied for traceability of 247 Boletaceae mushroom samples in combination with chemometrics. RESULTS Compared with a single spectroscopy technique, data fusion strategy can obviously improve the classification performance in partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and grid-search support vector machine (GS-SVM) models, for both species and geographical origin traceability. In addition, PLS-DA and GS-SVM models can provide 100.00% accuracy for species traceability and have reliable evaluation parameters. For geographical origin traceability, the accuracy of prediction in the PLS-DA model by data fusion was just 64.63%, but the GS-SVM model based on data fusion was 100.00%. CONCLUSION The results demonstrated that the data fusion strategy of UV-visible and FTIR combined with GS-SVM could provide a higher synergic effect for traceability of Boletaceae mushrooms and have a good generalization ability for the comprehensive quality control and evaluation of similar foods. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sen Yao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Tao Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Yuxi Normal University, Yuxi, China
| | - HongGao Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - JieQing Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - YuanZhong Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kaliyaperumal M, Kezo K, Gunaseelan S. A Global Overview of Edible Mushrooms. Fungal Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-02622-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
22
|
Mędyk M, Grembecka M, Brzezicha-Cirocka J, Falandysz J. Bio- and toxic elements in mushrooms from the city of Umeå and outskirts, Sweden. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2017; 52:577-583. [PMID: 28494204 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2017.1318638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Edible mushrooms (Albatrellus ovinus, Boletus edulis, Clitocybe odora, Gomphidius glutinosus, Leccinum scabrum, Leccinum versipelle, Lycoperdon perlatum, Suillus bovinus, Suillus luteus, and Xerocomus subtomentosus) collected from unpolluted areas of the city of Umeå and its outskirts in the northern part of Sweden were examined for contents of toxic metallic elements (Cd, Pb, and Ag) and essential macro- and microelements (K, Na, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn) using a validated method and a final measurement by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (F-AAS). The median values of the toxic metallic element concentrations (in mg kg-1 dry biomass, db) ranged from: 0.12-3.9, 0.46-5.1, and 0.91-6.2 for Ag, Cd and Pb, respectively. For the essential metallic elements, the median values of concentrations ranged from: 24000-58000, 15-2000, 59-610, 520-1900, 2.0-97, 16-150, 15-120, and 4.3-26 mg kg-1 db for K, Na, Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, Fe, and Mn, respectively. The baseline concentrations of the metallic elements determined in mushrooms were mainly affected by the fungal species. The assessed probable maximal dietary intake of Cd (0.002 mg kg-1 body mass) solely from a mushroom meal was only slightly below a revised value of the tolerable weekly intake for this element, while for Pb (0.003 mg kg-1 body mass) it was tenfold below the provisionally tolerable weekly intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Mędyk
- a Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry & Ecotoxicology , Gdańsk University , Gdańsk , Poland
| | | | | | - Jerzy Falandysz
- a Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry & Ecotoxicology , Gdańsk University , Gdańsk , Poland
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chatterjee S, Sarma MK, Deb U, Steinhauser G, Walther C, Gupta DK. Mushrooms: from nutrition to mycoremediation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:19480-19493. [PMID: 28770504 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9826-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Mushrooms are well known as important food items. The uses of mushrooms in the cuisine are manifolds and are being utilized for thousands of years in both Oriental and Occidental cultures. Medicinal properties of mushrooms show an immense potential as drugs for the treatment of various diseases as they are rich in a great variety of phytochemicals. In this review, we attempted to encompass the recent knowledge and scientific advancement about mushrooms and their utilization as food or curative properties, along with their natural ability to accumulate (heavy) metals/radionuclides, which leads to an important aspect of bioremediation. However, accumulation of heavy metals and radionuclides from natural or anthropogenic sources also involves potential nutritional hazards upon consumption. These hazards have been pointed out in this review incorporating a selection of the most recently published literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Chatterjee
- Defence Research Laboratory, DRDO, Post Bag No. 02, Tezpur, Assam, 784001, India
| | - Mukul K Sarma
- Defence Research Laboratory, DRDO, Post Bag No. 02, Tezpur, Assam, 784001, India
| | - Utsab Deb
- Defence Research Laboratory, DRDO, Post Bag No. 02, Tezpur, Assam, 784001, India
| | - Georg Steinhauser
- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Radioökologie und Strahlenschutz (IRS), Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Clemens Walther
- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Radioökologie und Strahlenschutz (IRS), Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dharmendra K Gupta
- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Radioökologie und Strahlenschutz (IRS), Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Falandysz J, Zhang J, Wiejak A, Barałkiewicz D, Hanć A. Metallic elements and metalloids in Boletus luridus, B. magnificus and B. tomentipes mushrooms from polymetallic soils from SW China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 142:497-502. [PMID: 28463816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Yunnan Province in China is known for its high biodiversity of mushrooms and a diverse geochemistry of soil bedrock and polymetallic soils, but our knowledge of mineral compositions of mushrooms from Yunnan is scarce. The metallic trace elements, Ag, Ba, Co, Cd, Cs, Cu, Cr, Hg, Li, Mn, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sr, V, Tl, U and Zn, and the metalloids, As and Sb, have been investigated using validated methods with a dynamic reactive cell by mass spectroscopy - inductive coupled plasma and cold vapour - atomic absorption spectroscopy on three popular species of Boletus mushrooms from Southwestern China. The trace mineral profiles in caps and stipes of B. luridus (24 individuals), B. magnificus (29 individuals) and B. tomentipes (38 individuals) have been evaluated. The interspecific differences in the content of several trace elements could be attributed to known differences in the geochemistry of soils in Yunnan, but for copper a difference was observed within species. The mean values of concentrations in composite samples of caps for B. luridus, B. magnificus and B. tomentipes from three to four locations were at the ranges (mgkg-1 dry biomass): Ag (1.3-3.7), As (0.79-53), Ba (4.0-12), Co (0.68-1.2), Cd (0.79-2.2), Cs (0.67-55), Cu (37-77), Cr (5.0-7.6), Hg (2.1-5.4), Li (0.15-0.61), Mn (13-28), Ni (0.86-4.6), Pb (0.59-1.8), Rb (90-120), Sb (0.014-0.088), Sr (0.63-1.6), V (1.4-2.2), Tl (0.017-0.054), U (0.029-0.065) and Zn (130-180). Caps of Boletus mushrooms were richer in Ag, Cu, Hg and Zn than stipes, while other elements were distributed roughly equally between both morphological parts. B. luridus, B. magnificus and B. tomentipes grew in certain sites in Yunnan contained Ag, As, Ba, Cr, Hg, Ni, Sr or V at elevated concentration. A specific geochemistry of the soils type (latosols, lateritic red earths, and red and yellow earths in the Circum-Pacific Mercuriferous Belt of Southwestern China) can explain occurrence of some minerals at greater or elevated amount in mushrooms in Yunnan, while number of available research and data on mineral composition of mushrooms due to geochemical anomalies of soil parent material is so far little.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Falandysz
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Gdańsk University, 63 Wita Stwosza Str., PL 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Ji Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 650200 Kunming, China; Yunnan Technical Center for Quality of Chinese Materia Medica, 650200 Kunming, China
| | - Anna Wiejak
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Gdańsk University, 63 Wita Stwosza Str., PL 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Danuta Barałkiewicz
- Department of Trace Element Analysis by Spectroscopy Method, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89b, PL 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Anetta Hanć
- Department of Trace Element Analysis by Spectroscopy Method, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89b, PL 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yao S, Li T, Liu HG, Li JQ, Wang YZ. Geographic Characterization of Leccinum rugosiceps by Ultraviolet and Infrared Spectral Fusion. ANAL LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2017.1279172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sen Yao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Tao Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Yuxi Normal University, Yuxi, China
| | - Hong-Gao Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jie-Qing Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yuan-Zhong Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Technical Center for Quality of Chinese Materia Medica, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sun J, Zhang J, Wang Y. Multivariate characterization of elements accumulated in Wolfiporia extensa mushroom from Yunnan province of China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2017; 52:206-213. [PMID: 28121272 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2017.1261552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Dried sclerotia of Wolfiporia extensa have been used as medicine in Asia from Eastern Han Dynasty, and also used as traditional snack called "fulingjiabing" in Beijing, China. In this paper, 18 macro and trace elements (Ag, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Ni, Pb, Rb, Se, Sr, V, and Zn) in both flesh and peel of Wolfiporia extensa from seven sites of Yunnan province in China were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. The average recovery rates of certified reference materials for GBW10015 (spinach leaves) ranged from 90.5 to 113%, for GBW10028 (citrus leaves) from 92.8 to 106%, and for GBW07603 (bush branch and leaves) from 83.3 to 114.6%. Generally speaking, the concentration of all elements determined was at common level. The results of this survey indicate that mineral compositions in peel were higher than in flesh. In peel, the contents of investigated trace metals in mushroom samples were found to be in the range of 1,660-13,400 µg·g-1 dry matter (dm) for Fe and 29.6-710 µg·g-1 dm for Mn. The mean contents of Cr, Cu, Rb, V, and Zn in peel were between 10 and 20 µg·g-1 dm, followed by As, Co, Li, Ni, Pb, Se, and Sr with mean contents between 1 and 10 µg·g-1 dm, while Ag, Cd, and Cs had mean contents of <1 µg·g-1 dm. In flesh, the concentration of Fe was in the range of 54-900 µg·g-1 dm, and it was 1.5-49 µg·g-1 dm for Mn, followed by Ba, Cu, Rb, and Zn in the range of 1 to 10 µg·g-1 dm, while for Ag, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Li, Ni, Pb, Se, Sr, and V it was <1 µg·g-1 dm. The concentration of toxic elements, such as As, Cd, and Pb, in both flesh and peel was below the permissible limits of World Health Organization. However, As and Pb contents in peel were higher than the limits permitted in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The results of principal component analysis showed that the flesh of Wolfiporia extensa from all the seven sites of the Yunnan province tend to cluster together, most probably because the origin of mineral elements in both flesh and peel is wood substrate (old and dead pine trees).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- a Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Kunming , China
- b College of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Kunming , China
| | - Ji Zhang
- b College of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Kunming , China
| | - Yuanzhong Wang
- b College of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Kunming , China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Saniewski M, Zalewska T, Krasińska G, Szylke N, Wang Y, Falandysz J. (90)Sr in King Bolete Boletus edulis and certain other mushrooms consumed in Europe and China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 543:287-294. [PMID: 26590866 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The (90)Sr activity concentrations released from a radioactive fallout have been determined in a range of samples of mushrooms collected in Poland, Belarus, China, and Sweden in 1996-2013. Measurement of (90)Sr in pooled samples of mushrooms was carried out with radiochemical procedure aimed to pre-isolate the analyte from the fungal materials before it was determined using the Low-Level Beta Counter. Interestingly, the Purple Bolete Imperator rhodopurpureus collected from Yunnan in south-western China in 2012 showed (90)Sr activity concentration at around 10 Bq kg(-1) dry biomass, which was greater when compared to other mushrooms in this study. The King Bolete Boletus edulis from China showed the (90)Sr activity in caps at around 1.5 Bq kg(-1) dry biomass (whole fruiting bodies) in 2012 and for specimens from Poland activity was well lower than 1.0 Bq kg(-1) dry biomass in 1998-2010. A sample of Sarcodonimbricatus collected in 1998 from the north-eastern region of Poland impacted by Chernobyl fallout showed (90)Sr in caps at around 5 Bq kg(-1) dry biomass. Concentration of (90)Sr in Bay Bolete Royoporus (Xerocomus or Boletus) badius from affected region of Gomel in Belarus was in 2010 at 2.1 Bq kg(-1) dry biomass. In several other species from Poland (90)Sr was at <0.5 to around 1.0 Bq kg(-1) dry biomass. Activity concentrations of (90)Sr in popular B. edulis and some other mushrooms collected from wild in Poland were very low (<1 Bq kg(-1) dry biomass), and values noted showed on persistence of this type of radioactivity in mushrooms over time passing from nuclear weapons tests and the Chernobyl nuclear power plant catastrophe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michał Saniewski
- Institute of Meteorology and Water Management, National Research Institute, Maritime Branch, 42 Waszyngtona Av., PL 81-342 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Tamara Zalewska
- Institute of Meteorology and Water Management, National Research Institute, Maritime Branch, 42 Waszyngtona Av., PL 81-342 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Grażyna Krasińska
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry & Ecotoxicology, Gdańsk University, 63 Wita Stwosza Str., PL 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Natalia Szylke
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry & Ecotoxicology, Gdańsk University, 63 Wita Stwosza Str., PL 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Yuanzhong Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2238 Beijing Road, Panlong District, 650200 Kunming, China
| | - Jerzy Falandysz
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry & Ecotoxicology, Gdańsk University, 63 Wita Stwosza Str., PL 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Melgar MJ, Alonso J, García MA. Cadmium in edible mushrooms from NW Spain: Bioconcentration factors and consumer health implications. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 88:13-20. [PMID: 26702984 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mushrooms do not constitute a significant portion of the human diet, but the consumption of wild and cultivated mushrooms has become increasingly in recent years. Some species accumulate high levels of toxic metals, both in unpolluted and polluted areas. In this study, we examined the accumulation capacity of cadmium in edible mushrooms in relation to certain factors and their possible toxicological implications. Cadmium concentrations were determined by an ICP-MS spectrometer in 238 samples of the fruiting bodies of 28 wild and cultivated growing edible mushrooms species and the underlying soil. The hymenophore (H) and the rest of the fruiting body (RFB) were analysed separately. The highest mean cadmium concentration (mg/kg dry weight) was found in Agaricus macrosporus (52.9 in H and 28.3 in RFB). All mushroom species accumulated cadmium in relation to the underlying soils. There were statistically significant differences between the hymenophore and the rest of the fruiting body (p < 0.001). Cadmium concentrations were compared to data in the literature and to levels set by legislation. It was concluded that consumption of our studied mushrooms is not a toxicological risk as far as cadmium content is concerned, although the species A. macrosporus should not be consumed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Julia Melgar
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
| | - Julián Alonso
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; Centro Tecnológico Agroalimentario de Lugo (CETAL), 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - M Angeles García
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Falandysz J, Zhang J, Wang Y, Krasińska G, Kojta A, Saba M, Shen T, Li T, Liu H. Evaluation of the mercury contamination in mushrooms of genus Leccinum from two different regions of the world: Accumulation, distribution and probable dietary intake. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 537:470-8. [PMID: 26322595 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.07.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on investigation of the accumulation and distribution of mercury (Hg) in mushrooms of the genus Leccinum that emerged on soils of totally different geochemical bedrock composition. Hg in 6 species from geographically diverse regions of the mercuriferous belt areas in Yunnan of SW China, and 8 species from the non-mercuriferous regions of Poland in Europe was measured. Also assessed was the probable dietary intake of Hg from consumption of Leccinum spp., which are traditional organic food items in SW China and Poland. The results showed that L. chromapes, L. extremiorientale, L. griseum and L. rugosicepes are good accumulators of Hg and the sequestered Hg in caps were up to 4.8, 3.5, 3.6 and 4.7 mg Hg kg(-1) dry matter respectively. Leccinum mushrooms from Poland also efficiently accumulated Hg with their average Hg content being an order of magnitude lower due to low concentrations of Hg in forest topsoil of Poland compared to the elevated contents in Yunnan. Consumption of Leccinum mushrooms with elevated Hg contents in Yunnan at rates of up to 300 g fresh product per week during the foraging season would not result in Hg intake that exceeds the provisional weekly tolerance limit of 0.004 mg kg(-1) body mass, assuming no Hg ingestion from other foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Falandysz
- Gdańsk University, Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry & Ecotoxicology, 63 Wita Stwosza Str., 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Ji Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 650200 Kunming, China
| | - Yuanzhong Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 650200 Kunming, China
| | - Grażyna Krasińska
- Gdańsk University, Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry & Ecotoxicology, 63 Wita Stwosza Str., 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Kojta
- Gdańsk University, Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry & Ecotoxicology, 63 Wita Stwosza Str., 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Martyna Saba
- Gdańsk University, Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry & Ecotoxicology, 63 Wita Stwosza Str., 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Tao Shen
- College of Resources and Environment, Yuxi Normal University, 653100 Yuxi, Yunnan, China
| | - Tao Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Yuxi Normal University, 653100 Yuxi, Yunnan, China
| | - Honggao Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201 Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Evaluation of Mercury Contamination in Fungi Boletus Species from Latosols, Lateritic Red Earths, and Red and Yellow Earths in the Circum-Pacific Mercuriferous Belt of Southwestern China. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143608. [PMID: 26606425 PMCID: PMC4659685 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
For the first time, highly elevated levels of mercury (Hg) have been documented for several species of the edible Fungi genus Boletus growing in latosols, lateritic red earths, and red and yellow earths from the Yunnan province of China. Analysis of Hg concentrations in the genus suggests that geogenic Hg is the dominant source of Hg in the fungi, whereas anthropogenic sources accumulate largely in the organic layer of the forest soil horizon. Among the 21 species studied from 32 locations across Yunnan and 2 places in Sichuan Province, the Hg was found at elevated level in all samples from Yunnan but not in the samples from Sichuan, which is located outside the mercuriferous belt. Particularly abundant in Hg were the caps of fruiting bodies of Boletus aereus (up to 13 mg kg-1 dry matter), Boletus bicolor (up to 5.5 mg kg-1 dry matter), Boletus edulis (up to 22 mg kg-1 dry matter), Boletus luridus (up to 11 mg kg-1 dry matter), Boletus magnificus (up to 13 mg kg-1 dry matter), Boletus obscureumbrinus (up to 9.4 mg kg-1 dry matter), Boletus purpureus (up to 16 mg kg-1 dry matter), Boletus sinicus (up to 6.8 mg kg-1 dry matter), Boletus speciosus (up to 4.9mg kg-1 dry matter), Boletus tomentipes (up to 13 mg kg-1 dry matter), and Boletus umbriniporus (up to 4.9 mg kg-1 dry matter). Soil samples of the 0–10 cm topsoil layer from the widely distributed locations had mercury levels ranging between 0.034 to 3.4 mg kg-1 dry matter. In Yunnan, both the soil parent rock and fruiting bodies of Boletus spp. were enriched in Hg, whereas the same species from Sichuan, located outside the mercuriferous belt, had low Hg concentrations, suggesting that the Hg in the Yunnan samples is mainly from geogenic sources rather than anthropogenic sources. However, the contribution of anthropogenically-derived Hg sequestered within soils of Yunnan has not been quantified, so more future research is required. Our results suggest that high rates of consumption of Boletus spp. from Yunnan can deliver relatively high doses of Hg to consumers, but that rates can differ widely because of large variability in mercury concentrations between species and locations.
Collapse
|
31
|
Dimitrijevic MV, Mitic VD, Cvetkovic JS, Stankov Jovanovic VP, Mutic JJ, Nikolic Mandic SD. Update on element content profiles in eleven wild edible mushrooms from family Boletaceae. Eur Food Res Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-015-2512-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
32
|
Evaluation of the radioactive contamination in fungi genus Boletus in the region of Europe and Yunnan Province in China. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:8217-24. [PMID: 26048471 PMCID: PMC4561069 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6668-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Numerous species of wild-grown mushrooms are among the most vulnerable organisms for contamination with radiocesium released from a radioactive fallout. A comparison was made on radiocesium as well as the natural gamma ray-emitting radionuclide (40K) activity concentrations in the fruiting bodies of several valued edible Boletus mushrooms collected from the region of Europe and Yunnan Province in China. Data available for the first time for Boletus edulis collected in Yunnan, China, showed a very weak contamination with 137Cs. Radiocesium concentration activity of B. edulis samples that were collected between 2011 and 2014 in Yunnan ranged from 5.2 ± 1.7 to 10 ± 1 Bq kg−1 dry matter for caps and from 4.7 ± 1.3 to 5.5 ± 1.0 Bq kg−1 dry matter for stipes. The mushrooms Boletus badius, B. edulis, Boletus impolitus, Boletus luridus, Boletus pinophilus, and Boletus reticulatus collected from the European locations between 1995 and 2010 showed two to four orders of magnitude greater radioactivity from 137Cs compared to B. edulis from Yunnan. The nuclide 40K in B. badius was equally distributed between the caps and stipes, while for B. edulis, B. impolitus, B. luridus, B. pinophilus, and B. reticulatus, the caps were richer, and for each mushroom, activity concentration seemed to be more or less species-specific.
Collapse
|
33
|
Wang XM, Zhang J, Li T, Wang YZ, Liu HG. Content and Bioaccumulation of Nine Mineral Elements in Ten Mushroom Species of the Genus Boletus. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2015; 2015:165412. [PMID: 26146585 PMCID: PMC4471327 DOI: 10.1155/2015/165412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations and bioconcentration potential of nine elements (Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, and Zn) in ten species of wild edible Boletus and the corresponding underlying soils were analyzed. The analyses were performed using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrophotometer. Boletus showed relative abundant contents of P, K, Fe, Mg, Ca, and Na and less of Zn, Cu, and Mn. Caps compared to stalks were enriched in P, K, Cu, Mg, and Zn, while stalks were enriched in Mn. The elements such as P and K were accumulated (BCF > 1), while Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn, and Na were excluded (BCF < 1) in the fruiting bodies. The correlation analysis indicated high correlations between Cu, Mn, Ca, and Fe in the mushrooms as compared to the corresponding soils. Significant correlations were also obtained between Cu-P (r = 0.775), Fe-P (r = 0.728), and Zn-P (r = 0.76) for caps and Cu-Mg (r = 0.721), Fe-Mg (r = 0.719), Zn-Mg (r = 0.824), and Zn-P (r = 0.818) for stalks. The results of this study imply that ability of fungi to accumulate elements from substrate could be influenced by mushroom species and underlying soil substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Mei Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China
| | - Tao Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Yuxi Normal University, Yuxi 653100, China
| | - Yuan-Zhong Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China
| | - Hong-Gao Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Falandysz J, Drewnowska M. Distribution of mercury in Amanita fulva (Schaeff.) Secr. mushrooms: Accumulation, loss in cooking and dietary intake. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 115:49-54. [PMID: 25679486 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Representative individual specimens and pooled samples of carpophores of edible wild-grown fungus Amanita fulva (Schaeff.) Secr. and forest topsoil layer (0-10 cm) beneath the carpophores were collected from 15 spatially distant places in Poland and examined for total Hg. The median values of Hg in soils for most of the sites were below 0.05 mgkg(-1) dry matter. The ability of fungus A. fulva to bioconcentrate Hg was low (BCF, bioconcentration factor values of 1.2-3.6 for caps and 0.66-1.7 for stipes) at five sites that showed Hg in soils ranging from 0.066 to 0.21 mgkg(-1) dry matter, while much higher bioconcentration (BCF of 11-25 for caps and 7.0-12 for stipes) were observed for less contaminated soils with Hg contents of 0.018-0.054mgkg(-1) dry matter. Differences were also observed in Hg contamination of A. fulva from spatially and distantly distributed sites, and the median values (mgkg(-1) dry matter) ranged from 0.13 to 0.67 for caps and from 0.065 to 0.34 for stipes, while 0.63mgkg(-1) dry matter was observed in a set of whole fruiting bodies. Boiling of fresh A. fulva for 10min reduced the Hg content by 10%. A meal of A. fulva containing 0.065mgkg(-1) of Hg in the fresh mushroom product will not result in exceeding the reference dose set for inorganic Hg and for majority of the sites assessed (>90%) intake was substantially lower than the reference dose or the provisional tolerable weekly intake of inorganic Hg.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Falandysz
- Gdańsk University, 63 Wita Stwosza Street, PL 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
García MA, Alonso J, Melgar MJ. Radiocaesium activity concentrations in macrofungi from Galicia (NW Spain): Influence of environmental and genetic factors. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 115:152-158. [PMID: 25700093 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Radiocaesium ((137)Cs) is an artificial radionuclide that can be captured from the soil through the mycelium of fungi. However, in Spain there are few data on its presence in edible mushrooms. (137)Cs activity concentrations were determined using 54 samples of wild and cultivated mushrooms and 18 samples of soil, all of them collected in Galicia (NW Spain) during 2010. Samples were analyzed by gamma spectroscopy with a High-Purity Germanium (HPGe) detector. The average activity concentration of (137)Cs in wild mushrooms was 249.2Bqkg(-1) dry weight (dw) and about 24.9Bqkg(-1) fresh weight (fw). Genetic factors (species) influenced the uptake of (137)Cs, highlighting Hydnum repandum as the greatest accumulator of all wild species (1016.4Bqkg(-1) dw), while cultivated species showed much lower levels (1.6Bqkg(-1) fw). Accumulation was also favored by fungal mycorrhizal ecology, whose mycelium was distributed in contaminated soil horizons. The mean levels detected in soils were 14Bqkg(-1) fw. Although some species behaved as bioexclusors of radiocaesium, the transfer factors (TF) suggest that mushrooms preferentially bioaccumulate (137)Cs. No sample reached the limit of 600Bqkg(-1) fw (about 6000Bqkg(-1) dw) indicated in the European legislation. In conclusion, the consumption of mushrooms harvested from the investigated areas poses no toxicological risk to human health due to radiocaesium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A García
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Science. University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - J Alonso
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Science. University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; Centro Tecnológico Agroalimentario de Lugo (CETAL), 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - M J Melgar
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Science. University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Drewnowska M, Falandysz J. Investigation on mineral composition and accumulation by popular edible mushroom common chanterelle (Cantharellus cibarius). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 113:9-17. [PMID: 25481828 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study accumulation, content and multivariate relationship of Ag, Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, P, Rb, Sr and Zn in Cantharellus cibarius and topsoil collected from four places of Central and Northeastern Poland were investigated. Mercury was determined using cold vapor atomic absorption spectroscopy and other elements by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to examine the interdependences between 20 elements sequestered in fruit bodies by C. cibarius and in the soil substratum. Fruit bodies of Common Chanterelle from all places investigated can be considered as relatively abundant in essential elements such as: K, P, Mg, Na, Ca, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn and Co. This mushroom effectively accumulates Rb, K, P, Cu, Cd, Ag, Na and Zn from the soil substratum, while Al, Ba, Cr, Fe and Pb are excluded.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jerzy Falandysz
- University of Gdańsk, 63 Wita Stwosza Str., PL 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Variations in Element Levels Accumulated in Different Parts ofBoletus edulisCollected from Central Yunnan Province, China. J CHEM-NY 2015. [DOI: 10.1155/2015/372152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
ICP-AES and microwave assisted digestion were applied to determine P, Mg, Ca, Zn, Na, Cu, Ba, Ni, V, Cd, Sr, Co, and Li in the caps and stipes ofBoletus eduliscollected from six spatially distant sites in Yunnan province, China. Fruiting bodies of King Bolete are abundant in P, Mg, Ca, Zn, Cu, and Na, followed by Ba, Cd, Ni, V, Li, Sr, and Co. Contents of P, Mg, Zn, and Cu are more abundant in caps than in stipes of King Bolete. However, elements such as Na, Ba, Cd, Ni, V, Li, Sr, and Co prefer to accumulate in stipes of mushrooms from Yaoan, Chuxiong. The results of this study indicate that spatial variations of elements between caps and stipes are mainly related to different bedrock soil geochemistry and enrichment capability for various elements.
Collapse
|
38
|
Falandysz J, Drewnowska M. Macro and trace elements in Common Chanterelle (Cantharellus cibarius) mushroom from the European background areas in Poland: Composition, accumulation, dietary exposure and data review for species. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2015; 50:374-87. [PMID: 25826106 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2015.1000190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This paper gives an up-to-date information on accumulation, occurrence, intake and possible health risks associated with noxious metallic elements (Ag, Cd, Hg, Pb) among mineral constituents (Ag, Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, Sr and Zn) contained in Common Chanterelle (Cantharellus cibarius) mushrooms, a species subjected to a broad use within the domestic market of Poland and widely exported abroad, and presents a short review of data from the available literature. The tasty values of C. cibarius seem to be more rated than the essential minerals contained in its flesh and nominally taken with 1,000 g of fresh fruiting bodies eaten per capita annually, while the contents of toxic or potentially toxic metals, such as Cd, Pb, Hg and Ag, are much below the tolerance limits.
Collapse
|
39
|
Krasińska G, Falandysz J. Mercury in Hazel Bolete Leccinum griseum and soil substratum: Distribution, bioconcentration and dietary exposure. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2015; 50:1259-64. [PMID: 26301852 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2015.1055151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the accumulation and distribution of total mercury (Hg) in fruiting bodies of edible wild-grown mushroom Hazel Bolete Leccinum griseum (Quél.) Singer, collected from six spatially distantly distributed places across Poland and to assess the probable dietary intake of the element by consumers. Mercury content of fungal and soil samples were determined by cold-vapour atomic absorption spectroscopy (CV-AAS) with a direct sample thermal decomposition coupled with gold wool trap of Hg and its further desorption and quantitative measurement at the wavelength of 296 nm. The median values of Hg content in caps of L. griseum collected from less-contaminated places (< 0.10 mg Hg kg(-1) dry matter in upper 0-10 cm layer of soil substratum) were from 0.23 mg kg(-1) dm to 0.43 mg kg(-1) dm. And for more contaminated topsoil (0.15 mg Hg kg(-1) dry matter), the median in caps was about 1.5 mg kg(-1) dry matter. The mushroom L. griseum has potential to accumulate Hg in fruiting bodies, while quantities of this element noted in consignments of this species originating from the forests with typical background values of Hg in topsoil are low. In the light of the published value of PTWI for Hg consumption of fruiting bodies of L. griseus emerged in forests of Poland is without health risk for consumers. Information on total mercury and methylmercury in Fungi of the genus Leccinum is also described briefly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grażyna Krasińska
- a Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry & Ecotoxicology, Gdańsk University , Gdańsk , Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kojta AK, Zhang J, Wang Y, Li T, Saba M, Falandysz J. Mercury contamination of fungi genus Xerocomus in the Yunnan province in China and the region of Europe. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2015; 50:1342-50. [PMID: 26251972 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2015.1059108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This article presents the results of the study on accumulation, distribution, contamination and probable dietary intake of total mercury (THg) in fruiting bodies of several species of Fungi genus Xerocomus, which emerged in the circum-Pacific mercuriferous belt region in southwestern China in Yunnan and beyond of the mercuriferous belts in the region of Europe. The mushrooms X. puniceus (Boletus amygdalinus), X. spadiceus (Boletus ferrugineus) and X. versicolor (X. rubellus) were from the Yunnan land, and X. badius (Boletus badius) was from the region of Europe in Belarus and X. badius, X. chrysenteron, X. ferrugineus, X. versicolor (X. rubellus) and X. subtomentosus from Poland. The THg in the fungal and soil materials was determined using validated method by cold-vapour atomic absorption spectroscopy. Estimated was also probable dietary intake and health risk from THg in Xerocomus spp. examined by consumers. The data showed that THg content of Xerocomus spp. emerged in the European localizations in Poland and Belarus is at an order of magnitude lower level than determined in samples from the Yunnan Province. A reason for an elevated content of THg in mushrooms from Yunnan can be related to abundance of Hg in the geochemical background of soils there. The assessed doses showed that a single meal composed of 300 g of fresh fruiting bodies of X. spadiceus from the Wuding localization in Yunnan in China if consumed once a week will provide THg at dose close to the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) value set for THg, while doses will be lower for all other localizations in Yunnan and Europe. In the Wuding localization in Yunnan a frequent consumption of X. spadiceus in volume exceeding 300 g of fresh fruiting bodies per week will provide THg at a dose exceeding the value of PTWI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Kojta
- a Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry & Ecotoxicology, Gdańsk University , Gdańsk , Poland
| | - Ji Zhang
- b Institute of Medicinal Plants , Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Kunming, Yunnan , China
| | - Yuanzhong Wang
- b Institute of Medicinal Plants , Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Kunming, Yunnan , China
| | - Tao Li
- c College of Resources and Environment, Yuxi Normal University , Yuxi, Yunnan , China
| | - Martyna Saba
- a Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry & Ecotoxicology, Gdańsk University , Gdańsk , Poland
| | - Jerzy Falandysz
- a Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry & Ecotoxicology, Gdańsk University , Gdańsk , Poland
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Tsuchiyama T, Miyazaki H, Terada H, Nakajima M. Observed distribution of radiocaesium contamination in shiitake lots and variability of test results. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2014; 32:205-13. [PMID: 25530022 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2014.990996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Shiitake mushrooms (Lentinula edodes) cultivated on bed-log are known to accumulate radiocaesium. Since the Fukushima-Diichi nuclear power plant accident (2011), the violation rate has been higher for log-cultivated shiitake than that for agricultural products or other foodstuffs. When testing shiitake mushrooms for radionuclide contamination, the validation of the sampling plan can be severely compromised by the heterogeneous contamination within shiitake lots. Currently, few data are available on the statistical properties of the radiocaesium contamination of log-cultivated shiitake. In this paper, shiitake lots contaminated by radiocaesium were identified and the distribution of the radiocaesium concentration within the lots investigated. The risk of misclassifying shiitake lots was predicted from the operating characteristic curve generated from Monte Carlo simulations and the performance of various sampling plans was evaluated. This study provides useful information for deciding on an acceptable level of misclassification risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Tsuchiyama
- a Food Department , Nagoya City Public Health Research Institute , Mizuho-ku , Nagoya 467-8615 , Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Frankowska A, Ziółkowska J, Bielawski L, Falandysz J. Profile and bioconcentration of minerals by King Bolete (Boletus edulis) from the Płocka Dale in Poland. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS PART B-SURVEILLANCE 2014; 3:1-6. [PMID: 24785309 DOI: 10.1080/19440040903505232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to provide basic data on the composition of metallic elements, including toxicologically important Cd and Hg, in popular and prized wild King Bolete mushrooms. We investigated the importance of soil substratum as a source of these metals. ICP-OES and CV-AAS were applied to determine the profile of Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Sr and Zn in caps and stipes of King Bolete mushroom and in the surface layer of soil (0-10 cm) from the Płocka Dale area of Poland. Hg, Cu, Cd, Zn, Mg and K exhibited bioconcentration factors (BCF) > 1. Specifically, Hg, Cu and Cd (mean BCFs for caps were 110, 19 and 16, respectively) were efficiently bioconcentrated by King Bolete, while other elements were bioexcluded (BCF < 1). Cadmium was present in the caps at mean levels of 5.5 ± 2.4 mg kg(-1) dry weight (dw) and mercury at levels of 4.9 ± 1.4 mg kg(-1) dw, both occurring at elevated concentrations in those King Bolete mushrooms surveyed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Frankowska
- a Department of Environmental Chemistry, Ecotoxicology & Food Toxicology , University of Gdańsk , 18 Sobieskiego St., 80-952 Gdańsk , Poland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Falandysz J. Distribution of mercury in Gypsy Cortinarius caperatus mushrooms from several populations: an efficient accumulator species and estimated intake of element. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 110:68-72. [PMID: 25199584 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Mushroom Cortinarius caperatus is one of the several edible wild-grown species that are widely collected by fanciers. For specimens collected from 20 spatially and distantly distributed sites in Poland the median values of Hg contents of caps ranged from 0.81 to 2.4mgkg(-1) dry matter and in stipes they were 2.5-fold lower. C. caperatus efficiently accumulates Hg and the median values of the bioconcentration factor for caps range from 120 to 18 and for stipes from 47 to 7.3. This mushroom even when collected at background (uncontaminated) forested areas could be a source of elevated intake of Hg. The irregular consumption of the caps or whole fruiting bodies is not considered to pose a risk. Frequent eating of C. caperatus during the fruiting season by fanciers should be avoided because of possible health risk from Hg. Available data on Hg contents of C. caperatus from several places in Europe are also summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Falandysz
- University of Gdańsk, 63 Wita Stwosza Str., PL 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Wang XM, Zhang J, Wu LH, Zhao YL, Li T, Li JQ, Wang YZ, Liu HG. A mini-review of chemical composition and nutritional value of edible wild-grown mushroom from China. Food Chem 2014; 151:279-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.11.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
45
|
Falandysz J, Krasińska G, Pankavec S, Nnorom IC. Mercury in certain boletus mushrooms from Poland and Belarus. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2014; 49:690-5. [PMID: 25035918 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2014.922853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the results of the study of Hg contents of four species of Boletus mushroom (Boletus reticulatus Schaeff. 1763, B. pinophilus Pilát & Dermek 1973, B. impolitus Fr. 1838 and B. luridus Schaeff. 1774) and the surface soils (0-10 cm layer, ∼100 g) samples beneath the mushrooms from ten forested areas in Poland and Belarus by cold-vapour atomic absorption spectroscopy. The ability of the species to bioconcentrate Hg was calculated (as the BCF) while Hg intakes from consumption of these mushroom species were also estimated. The median Hg content of the caps of the species varied between 0.38 and 4.7 mg kg(-1) dm; in stipes between 0.13 and 2.5 mg kg(-1) dm and in the mean Hg contents of soils varied from 0.020 ± 0.01 mg kg(-1) dm to 0.17 ± 0.10 mg kg(-1) dm which is considered as "background" Hg level. The median Hg content of caps of B. reticulatus and B. pinophilus were up to 4.7 and 3.6 mg kg(-1) dm, respectively, and they very efficiently bioaccumulate Hg with median BCF values of up to 130 for caps and 58 for stipes. The caps and stipes of these mushrooms if eaten will expose consumer to elevated dose of total Hg estimated at 1.4 mg for caps of Boletus reticulatus from the Kacze Łęgi site, which is a nature reserve area. Nevertheless, the occasional consumption of the valued B. reticulatus and B. pinophilus mushrooms maybe safe.
Collapse
|
46
|
Review: On published data and methods for selenium in mushrooms. Food Chem 2013; 138:242-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
47
|
Nnorom I, Jarzyńska G, Drewnowska M, Dryżałowska A, Kojta A, Pankavec S, Falandysz J. Major and trace elements in sclerotium of Pleurotus tuber-regium (Ósū) mushroom—Dietary intake and risk in southeastern Nigeria. J Food Compost Anal 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2012.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
48
|
Mleczek M, Siwulski M, Stuper-Szablewska K, Rissmann I, Sobieralski K, Goliński P. Accumulation of elements by edible mushroom species: part I. Problem of trace element toxicity in mushrooms. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2013; 48:69-81. [PMID: 23030443 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2012.716733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate Cd, Co, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Sr and Zn accumulation in six edible mushroom species and to assess their risk and benefits to human consumers. Mushrooms (Leccinium aurantiacum, Xerocomus badius, Lactarius deliciosus, Boletus edulis, Cantharellus cibarius and Suillus luteus) were collected from selected regions of Poland during 1990-2010. The highest diversity between studied mushroom species was observed in terms of Cu and Zn accumulation. Significant differences in the accumulation efficiency were found among the six mushroom species examined. The most efficient were Boletus edulis (Cd and Hg), Suillus luteus (Cu and Sr), and Lactarius deliciosus (Pb and Zn). In the case of Co and Ni, the most effective were Xerocomus badius and Leccinium aurantiacum, respectively. The calculated bioconcentration factor (BCF) values of Cd, Cu, Hg, Sr and Zn were > 1 for all species in this study while Co, Ni and Pb usually were bioexcluded (BCF < 1). Additionally, based on the calculated daily intake rates of trace elements determined it can be concluded that occasional consumption of fruiting bodies of L. aurantiacum, X. badius, L. deliciosus, B. edulis, C. cibarius and S. luteus collected in Poland is safe and this finding largely agrees with results from recent studies by other authors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirosław Mleczek
- Department of Chemistry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Falandysz J, Borovička J. Macro and trace mineral constituents and radionuclides in mushrooms: health benefits and risks. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:477-501. [PMID: 23179616 PMCID: PMC3546300 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4552-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Revised: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews and updates data on macro and trace elements and radionuclides in edible wild-grown and cultivated mushrooms. A huge biodiversity of mushrooms and spread of certain species over different continents makes the study on their multi-element constituents highly challenging. A few edible mushrooms are widely cultivated and efforts are on to employ them (largely Agaricus spp., Pleurotus spp., and Lentinula edodes) in the production of selenium-enriched food (mushrooms) or nutraceuticals (by using mycelia) and less on species used by traditional medicine, e.g., Ganoderma lucidum. There are also attempts to enrich mushrooms with other elements than Se and a good example is enrichment with lithium. Since minerals of nutritional value are common constituents of mushrooms collected from natural habitats, the problem is however their co-occurrence with some hazardous elements including Cd, Pb, Hg, Ag, As, and radionuclides. Discussed is also the problem of erroneous data on mineral compounds determined in mushrooms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Falandysz
- Institute of Environmental Sciences & Public Health, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Giannaccini G, Betti L, Palego L, Mascia G, Schmid L, Lanza M, Mela A, Fabbrini L, Biondi L, Lucacchini A. The trace element content of top-soil and wild edible mushroom samples collected in Tuscany, Italy. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2012; 184:7579-95. [PMID: 22371035 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-012-2520-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 01/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The amount of the trace elements As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Li, Mn, Ni, Pb, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn was measured in top soils and edible mushrooms, Boletus edulis, Macrolepiota procera, collected at five distinct green microhabitats inside the Lucca province, North-Central Italy (years 2008-2009). Results showed a top soil element content within the Italian statutory limits. Concerning the amount of mushroom elements, we observed significant species-differences obtaining higher levels of Ni, Rb, and Se in B. edulis or As, Pb, Cu in M. procera. Bioaccumulation factors (BCFs: element in mushroom/element in soil) resulted species-dependent and element-selective: in particular, B. edulis preferentially accumulated Se (BCFs varying from 14 to 153), while M. procera mainly concentrated Cu (BCFs varying from 5 to 15). As well, both species displayed between-site BCF differences. By a multivariate principal component approach, cluster analysis (CA), we could resolve two main clusters of soil element composition, corresponding to the most ecologically divergent sites. Besides, CA showed no cluster relating to element contents of B. edulis at the different collection sites, while a separation in groups was found for M. procera composition with respect to harvesting locations, suggesting uptake systems, in this saprotrophic species, sensitive to microhabitat. Regarding consumer safety, Cd, Hg, Pb levels resulted sometime relevant in present samples, never reaching values from current literature on mushrooms collected in urban-polluted areas. Our findings encourage a deeper assessment of the molecular mechanisms of metal intake by edible mushrooms, encompassing genetic biochemical and geo-ecological variables, with particular awareness to element bioavailability in soils and fungi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gino Giannaccini
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|