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Li X, Sun W, Huang M, Gong L, Zhang X, Zhong L, Calderon V, Bian Z, He Y, Suh WK, Li Y, Song T, Zou Y, Lian ZX, Gu H. Deficiency of CBL and CBLB ubiquitin ligases leads to hyper T follicular helper cell responses and lupus by reducing BCL6 degradation. Immunity 2024:S1074-7613(24)00228-0. [PMID: 38761804 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Recent evidence reveals hyper T follicular helper (Tfh) cell responses in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); however, molecular mechanisms responsible for hyper Tfh cell responses and whether they cause SLE are unclear. We found that SLE patients downregulated both ubiquitin ligases, casitas B-lineage lymphoma (CBL) and CBLB (CBLs), in CD4+ T cells. T cell-specific CBLs-deficient mice developed hyper Tfh cell responses and SLE, whereas blockade of Tfh cell development in the mutant mice was sufficient to prevent SLE. ICOS was upregulated in SLE Tfh cells, whose signaling increased BCL6 by attenuating BCL6 degradation via chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA). Conversely, CBLs restrained BCL6 expression by ubiquitinating ICOS. Blockade of BCL6 degradation was sufficient to enhance Tfh cell responses. Thus, the compromised expression of CBLs is a prevalent risk trait shared by SLE patients and causative to hyper Tfh cell responses and SLE. The ICOS-CBLs axis may be a target to treat SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China; Montreal Clinical Research Institute, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada.
| | - Weili Sun
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Mengxing Huang
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Liying Gong
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Xiaochen Zhang
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Li Zhong
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | | | - Zhenhua Bian
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511442, China
| | - Yi He
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Woong-Kyung Suh
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Tengfei Song
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Yongrui Zou
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Zhe-Xiong Lian
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.
| | - Hua Gu
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada.
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Hetemäki I, Sarkkinen J, Heikkilä N, Drechsel K, Mäyränpää MI, Färkkilä A, Laakso S, Mäkitie O, Arstila TP, Kekäläinen E. Dysregulated germinal center reaction with expanded T follicular helper cells in autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy lymph nodes. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 153:1445-1455. [PMID: 38128835 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED, also called APS-1) is an inborn error of immunity with clear signs of B-cell autoimmunity such as neutralizing anti-IFN antibodies. In APECED, mutations in the AIRE gene impair thymic negative selection of T cells. The resulting T-cell alterations may then cause dysregulation of B-cell responses. However, no analysis of interactions of T and B cells in the germinal centers (GCs) in patients' secondary lymphatic tissues has been reported. OBJECTIVE This study examined the relationship between B cells and follicular T helper cells (TfH) in peripheral blood and lymph node (LN) GCs in patients with APECED. METHODS Immunophenotyping of peripheral blood B cells and TfH was performed for 24 patients with APECED. Highly multiplexed fluorescent immunohistochemical staining was performed on 7 LN biopsy samples from the patients to study spatial interactions of lymphocytes in the GCs at the single-cell level. RESULTS The patients' peripheral B-cell phenotype revealed skewing toward a mature B-cell phenotype with marked loss of transitional and naive B cells. The frequency of circulating TfH cells was diminished in the patients, while in the LNs the TfH population was expanded. In LNs the overall frequency of Treg cells and interactions of Treg cells with nonfollicular T cells were reduced, suggesting that aberrant Treg cell function might fail to restrain TfH differentiation. CONCLUSIONS GC reactions are disrupted in APECED as a result of defective T-cell control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iivo Hetemäki
- Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Joona Sarkkinen
- Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nelli Heikkilä
- Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Karen Drechsel
- Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko I Mäyränpää
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anniina Färkkilä
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, FIMM & HiLIFE University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Saila Laakso
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Petteri Arstila
- Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eliisa Kekäläinen
- Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Bryushkova EA, Mushenkova NV, Turchaninova MA, Lukyanov DK, Chudakov DM, Serebrovskaya EO. B cell clonality in cancer. Semin Immunol 2024; 72:101874. [PMID: 38508089 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2024.101874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Carcinogenesis in the process of long-term co-evolution of tumor cells and immune environment essentially becomes possible due to incorrect decisions made, remembered, and reproduced by the immune system at the level of clonal populations of antigen-specific T- and B-lymphocytes. Tumor-immunity interaction determines the nature of such errors and, consequently, delineates the possible ways of successful immunotherapeutic intervention. It is generally recognized that tumor-infiltrating B cells (TIL-B) can play both pro-tumor and anti-tumor roles. However, the exact mechanisms that determine the contribution of clonal B cell lineages with different specificities and functions remain largely unclear. This is due to the variability of cancer types, the molecular heterogeneity of tumor cells, and, to a large extent, the individual pattern of each immune response. Further progress requires detailed investigation of the functional properties and phenotypes of clonally heterogeneous B cells in relation to their antigenic specificities, which determine the functionality of both effector B lymphocytes and immunoglobulins produced in the tumor environment. Based on a real understanding of the role of clonal antigen-specific populations of B lymphocytes in the tumor microenvironment, we need to learn how to develop new methods of targeted immunotherapy, as well as adapt existing treatment options to the specific needs of different patients and patient subgroups. In this review, we will cover B cells functional diversity and their multifaceted roles in the tumor environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Bryushkova
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia; Department of Molecular Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - N V Mushenkova
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Unicorn Capital Partners, Moscow, Russia
| | - M A Turchaninova
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - D K Lukyanov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia; Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - D M Chudakov
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia; Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia; Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - E O Serebrovskaya
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia; Current position: Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
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Barberis M, Rojas López A. Metabolic imbalance driving immune cell phenotype switching in autoimmune disorders: Tipping the balance of T- and B-cell interactions. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1626. [PMID: 38500390 PMCID: PMC10948951 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The interplay between the immune system and the metabolic state of a cell is intricate. In all phases of an immune response, the corresponding metabolic changes shall occur to support its modulation, in addition to the signalling through the cytokine environment and immune receptor stimulation. While autoimmune disorders may develop because of a metabolic imbalance that modulates switching between T-cell phenotypes, the effects that the interaction between T and B cells have on one another's cellular metabolism are yet to be understood in disease context. Here, we propose a perspective which highlights the potential of targeting metabolism to modulate T- and B-cell subtypes populations as well as T-B and B-T cell interactions to successfully treat autoimmune disorders. Specifically, we envision how metabolic changes can tip the balance of immune cells interactions, through definite mechanisms in both health and disease, to explain phenotype switches of B and T cells. Within this scenario, we highlight targeting metabolism that link inflammation, immunometabolism, epigenetics and ageing, is critical to understand inflammatory disorders. The combination of treatments targeting immune cells that cause (T/B) cell phenotype imbalances, and the metabolic pathways involved, may increase the effectiveness of treatment of autoimmune disorders, and/or ameliorate their symptoms to improve patients' quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Barberis
- Molecular Systems BiologySchool of BiosciencesFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildfordSurreyUK
- Centre for Mathematical and Computational Biology, CMCBUniversity of SurreyGuildfordSurreyUK
- Synthetic Systems Biology and Nuclear OrganizationSwammerdam Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Alejandra Rojas López
- Molecular Systems BiologySchool of BiosciencesFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildfordSurreyUK
- Centre for Mathematical and Computational Biology, CMCBUniversity of SurreyGuildfordSurreyUK
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5
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Akama-Garren EH, Yin X, Prestwood TR, Ma M, Utz PJ, Carroll MC. T cell help shapes B cell tolerance. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eadj7029. [PMID: 38363829 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adj7029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
T cell help is a crucial component of the normal humoral immune response, yet whether it promotes or restrains autoreactive B cell responses remains unclear. Here, we observe that autoreactive germinal centers require T cell help for their formation and persistence. Using retrogenic chimeras transduced with candidate TCRs, we demonstrate that a follicular T cell repertoire restricted to a single autoreactive TCR, but not a foreign antigen-specific TCR, is sufficient to initiate autoreactive germinal centers. Follicular T cell specificity influences the breadth of epitope spreading by regulating wild-type B cell entry into autoreactive germinal centers. These results demonstrate that TCR-dependent T cell help can promote loss of B cell tolerance and that epitope spreading is determined by TCR specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot H Akama-Garren
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xihui Yin
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tyler R Prestwood
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Minghe Ma
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Paul J Utz
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael C Carroll
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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6
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Scherlinger M, Li H, Pan W, Li W, Karino K, Vichos T, Boulougoura A, Yoshida N, Tsokos MG, Tsokos GC. CaMK4 controls follicular helper T cell expansion and function during normal and autoimmune T-dependent B cell responses. Nat Commun 2024; 15:840. [PMID: 38287012 PMCID: PMC10825135 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45080-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by dysregulated B cell compartment responsible for the production of autoantibodies. Here, we show that T cell-specific expression of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMK4) leads to T follicular helper (Tfh) cells expansion in models of T-dependent immunization and autoimmunity. Mechanistically, CaMK4 controls the Tfh-specific transcription factor B cell lymphoma 6 (Bcl6) at the transcriptional level through the cAMP responsive element modulator α (CREMα). In the absence of CaMK4 in T cells, germinal center formation and humoral immunity is impaired in immunized mice, resulting in reduced anti-dsDNA titres, as well as IgG and complement kidney deposition in the lupus-prone B6.lpr mouse. In human Tfh cells, CaMK4 inhibition reduced BCL6 expression and IL-21 secretion ex vivo, resulting in impaired plasmablast formation and IgG production. In patients with SLE, CAMK4 mRNA levels in Tfh cells correlated with those of BCL6. In conclusion, we identify CaMK4/CREMα as a driver of T cell-dependent B cell dysregulation in autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Scherlinger
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
- Rheumatology department, Strasbourg University Hospital of Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France.
- Laboratoire d'ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR_S 1109, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wenliang Pan
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kohei Karino
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Theodoros Vichos
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Nobuya Yoshida
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria G Tsokos
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - George C Tsokos
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
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Zeng X, Alimu X, Bahabayi A, Zhang Z, Zheng M, Yuan Z, Liu T, Liu C. Helios characterized circulating follicular helper T cells with enhanced functional phenotypes and was increased in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:5. [PMID: 38240853 PMCID: PMC10799143 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01289-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Helios was related to the immunosuppressive capacity and stability of regulatory T cells. However, the significance of Helios in follicular help T (TFH) and follicular regulatory T (TFR) cells is unclear. This research aimed to clarify the significance of Helios (IKZF2) in TFH and TFR cells and its clinical value in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). IKZF2 mRNA in different cell subsets was analyzed. Helios+ percentages in TFH and TFR cells were identified in the peripheral blood of 75 SLE patients and 62 HCs (healthy controls). PD-1 and ICOS expression were compared between Helios+ and Helios- cells. The capacity of TFH cells to secrete IL-21 and TFR cells to secrete IL-10 was measured. Correlation analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were conducted to assess the clinical significance of Helios-related TFH and TFR cell subsets in SLE. There was Helios expression in TFH and TFR cells. PD-1 and ICOS were lower in Helios+ TFR than in Helios- TFR. ICOS was increased in Helios+ TFH cells compared with Helios- TFH cells, and ICOS in Helios+ TFH cells was downregulated in SLE. Helios+ TFH cells secreted more IL-21 than Helios- TFH cells, and Helios+ TFH cells from SLE patients had a stronger IL-21 secretion than HCs. Helios+ TFH percentages were negatively correlated with C3 and C4 and positively related to CRP and SLEDAI, and the AUC of Helios+ TFH to distinguish SLE from HC was 0.7959. Helios characterizes circulating TFH cells with enhanced function. Increased Helios+ TFH cells could reflect the autoimmune status of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyue Zeng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, 11# Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xiayidan Alimu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, 11# Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Ayibaota Bahabayi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, 11# Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Zhonghui Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, 11# Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Mohan Zheng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zihang Yuan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Tianci Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, 11# Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, 11# Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China.
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8
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Mutsaers SE, Miles T, Prêle CM, Hoyne GF. Emerging role of immune cells as drivers of pulmonary fibrosis. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 252:108562. [PMID: 37952904 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and other forms of interstitial lung disease, involves a complex interplay of various factors including host genetics, environmental pollutants, infection, aberrant repair and dysregulated immune responses. Highly variable clinical outcomes of some ILDs, in particular IPF, have made it difficult to identify the precise mechanisms involved in disease pathogenesis and thus the development of a specific cure or treatment to halt and reverse the decline in patient health. With the advent of in-depth molecular diagnostics, it is becoming evident that the pathogenesis of IPF is unlikely to be the same for all patients and therefore will likely require different treatment approaches. Chronic inflammation is a cardinal feature of IPF and is driven by both innate and adaptive immune responses. Inflammatory cells and activated fibroblasts secrete various pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines that perpetuate the inflammatory response and contribute to the recruitment and activation of more immune cells and fibroblasts. The balance between pro-inflammatory and regulatory immune cell subsets, as well as the interactions between immune cell types and resident cells within the lung microenvironment, ultimately determines the extent of fibrosis and the potential for resolution. This review examines the role of the innate and adaptive immune responses in pulmonary fibrosis, with an emphasis on IPF. The role of different immune cell types is discussed as well as novel anti-inflammatory and immunotherapy approaches currently in clinical trial or in preclinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven E Mutsaers
- Institute for Respiratory Health, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.
| | - Tylah Miles
- Institute for Respiratory Health, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Cecilia M Prêle
- Institute for Respiratory Health, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia; School of Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, WA, Australia
| | - Gerard F Hoyne
- Institute for Respiratory Health, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia; The School of Health Sciences and Physiotherapy, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA, Australia
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9
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Wang W, Yang Y, Shi Y, Xiang T, Xie J. E3 ubiquitin ligase STUB1 affects the mTORC1 pathway through p62 and participates in regulating the differentiation of follicular helper T cells in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Immunol 2023; 255:109736. [PMID: 37604355 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The abnormal expansion of Tfh cells plays a key role in chronic inflammation of RA joint. We speculated that STUB1 is an important regulatory factor in promoting the differentiation of Tfh cells in RA. CONTENT AND METHODS The proportion of Tfh cells and the level of STUB1 in Tfh cells was measured. CD4+T cells were isolated from PBMCs of RA patients, and the percentage of Tfh cells was detected after up- or down-regulating the expression of STUB1. The levels of mTORC1 pathway activator p-mTOR and p-S6K were measured by Western blot. The ubiquitination of p62 by STUB1 and its ubiquitination type as well as the activation of mTORC1 was detected in vitro, and the activation of the mTORC1 and the differentiation of Tfh cells was detected in STUB1-upregulated CD4+ T cells with overexpressed p62. RESULTS The level of STUB1 is elevated in Tfh cells of patients. Up-regulation of STUB1 can promote the differentiation of Tfh cells. STUB1 promotes the degradation of p62 via K48-linked ubiquitination and promotes the activation of mTORC1. Overexpression of p62 can reverse the promoting effect of STUB1 on the differentiation of Tfh cells and the activation of mTORC1. CONCLUSION STUB1 can promote the differentiation of Tfh cells in RA by mediating the activation of mTORC1 pathway through ubiquitination of p62.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yachen Yang
- Department of Rheumatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yujia Shi
- Department of Rheumatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Xiang
- Department of Rheumatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianmin Xie
- Department of Rheumatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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10
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Bechara R, Vagner S, Mariette X. Post-transcriptional checkpoints in autoimmunity. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2023; 19:486-502. [PMID: 37311941 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-023-00980-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Post-transcriptional regulation is a fundamental process in gene expression that has a role in diverse cellular processes, including immune responses. A core concept underlying post-transcriptional regulation is that protein abundance is not solely determined by transcript abundance. Indeed, transcription and translation are not directly coupled, and intervening steps occur between these processes, including the regulation of mRNA stability, localization and alternative splicing, which can impact protein abundance. These steps are controlled by various post-transcription factors such as RNA-binding proteins and non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs, and aberrant post-transcriptional regulation has been implicated in various pathological conditions. Indeed, studies on the pathogenesis of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases have identified various post-transcription factors as important regulators of immune cell-mediated and target effector cell-mediated pathological conditions. This Review summarizes current knowledge regarding the roles of post-transcriptional checkpoints in autoimmunity, as evidenced by studies in both haematopoietic and non-haematopoietic cells, and discusses the relevance of these findings for developing new anti-inflammatory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Bechara
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Immunologie des maladies virales, auto-immunes, hématologiques et bactériennes (IMVA-HB/IDMIT/UMR1184), Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.
| | - Stephan Vagner
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR3348, INSERM U1278, PSL Research University, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Xavier Mariette
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Immunologie des maladies virales, auto-immunes, hématologiques et bactériennes (IMVA-HB/IDMIT/UMR1184), Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Department of Rheumatology, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
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11
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Van Emmenis L. Michelle Linterman: We are always learning. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20230900. [PMID: 37306687 PMCID: PMC10258648 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20230900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Michelle Linterman is a group leader at the Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK. The research focus of her lab is to understand the fundamental biology of the germinal center response after immunization and infection and how this changes with age. We caught up with Michelle to talk about how her interest in germinal center biology started, the benefits of team science, and her collaboration between the Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, New Zealand, and Churchill College, Cambridge.
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Chen Q, Dent AL. Nonbinary Roles for T Follicular Helper Cells and T Follicular Regulatory Cells in the Germinal Center Response. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:15-22. [PMID: 37339403 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Development of high-affinity Abs in the germinal center (GC) is dependent on a specialized subset of T cells called "T follicular helper" (TFH) cells that help select Ag-specific B cells. A second T cell subset, T follicular regulatory (TFR) cells, can act as repressors of the GC and Ab response but can also provide a helper function for GC B cells in some contexts. Recent studies showed that, apart from their traditional helper role, TFH cells can also act as repressors of the Ab response, particularly for IgE responses. We review how both TFH and TFR cells express helper and repressor factors that coordinately regulate the Ab response and how the line between these two subsets is less clear than initially thought. Thus, TFH and TFR cells are interconnected and have "nonbinary" functions. However, many questions remain about how these critical cells control the Ab response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Alexander L Dent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
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13
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Sun L, Su Y, Jiao A, Wang X, Zhang B. T cells in health and disease. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:235. [PMID: 37332039 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01471-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells are crucial for immune functions to maintain health and prevent disease. T cell development occurs in a stepwise process in the thymus and mainly generates CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets. Upon antigen stimulation, naïve T cells differentiate into CD4+ helper and CD8+ cytotoxic effector and memory cells, mediating direct killing, diverse immune regulatory function, and long-term protection. In response to acute and chronic infections and tumors, T cells adopt distinct differentiation trajectories and develop into a range of heterogeneous populations with various phenotype, differentiation potential, and functionality under precise and elaborate regulations of transcriptional and epigenetic programs. Abnormal T-cell immunity can initiate and promote the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of T cell development, CD4+ and CD8+ T cell classification, and differentiation in physiological settings. We further elaborate the heterogeneity, differentiation, functionality, and regulation network of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in infectious disease, chronic infection and tumor, and autoimmune disease, highlighting the exhausted CD8+ T cell differentiation trajectory, CD4+ T cell helper function, T cell contributions to immunotherapy and autoimmune pathogenesis. We also discuss the development and function of γδ T cells in tissue surveillance, infection, and tumor immunity. Finally, we summarized current T-cell-based immunotherapies in both cancer and autoimmune diseases, with an emphasis on their clinical applications. A better understanding of T cell immunity provides insight into developing novel prophylactic and therapeutic strategies in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Sun
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, Shannxi, 710061, China
| | - Yanhong Su
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, Shannxi, 710061, China
| | - Anjun Jiao
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, Shannxi, 710061, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, Shannxi, 710061, China
| | - Baojun Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, Shannxi, 710061, China.
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Mei X, Zhou H, Song Z, Yang X, Liu X, Fei J, Shen Y, Wang X. PCSK6 mediates Th1 differentiation and promotes chronic colitis progression and mucosal barrier injury via STAT1. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:204739. [PMID: 37211384 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed at investigating the expression and role of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type (PCSK6) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). DSS induced mouse colitis and mucosal barrier injury, down-regulation of TJ proteins, improvement of permeability, and increases of the proportions of Th1 and M1 macrophages. After PCSK6 knockdown, the colitis in KO mice was improved relative to WT mice, the TJ protein levels increased, and the proportions of Th1 and M1 macrophages decreased. STAT1 inhibitor treatment also inhibited chronic colitis in mice. As revealed by in-vitro experiments, PCSK6 overexpression promoted the transformation of Th0 into Th1, while PCSK6 silencing suppressed the transfection. COPI assay results revealed the presence of targeted binding relation between PCSK6 and STAT1. PCSK6 binds to STAT1 to promote STAT1 phosphorylation and regulate Th1 cell differentiation, thus promoting the M1 polarization of macrophages and aggravating colitis progression. PCSK6 is promising as the new target for the treatment of colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Mei
- Department of Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongkun Zhou
- Department of Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengwei Song
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaodan Yang
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaorong Liu
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianguo Fei
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiyu Shen
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoguang Wang
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
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15
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Seth A, Yokokura Y, Choi JY, Shyer JA, Vidyarthi A, Craft J. AP-1-independent NFAT signaling maintains follicular T cell function in infection and autoimmunity. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20211110. [PMID: 36820828 PMCID: PMC9998660 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20211110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Coordinated gene expression programs enable development and function of T cell subsets. Follicular helper T (Tfh) cells coordinate humoral immune responses by providing selective and instructive cues to germinal center B cells. Here, we show that AP-1-independent NFAT gene expression, a program associated with hyporesponsive T cell states like anergy or exhaustion, is also a distinguishing feature of Tfh cells. NFAT signaling in Tfh cells, maintained by NFAT2 autoamplification, is required for their survival. ICOS signaling upregulates Bcl6 and induces an AP-1-independent NFAT program in primary T cells. Using lupus-prone mice, we demonstrate that genetic disruption or pharmacologic inhibition of NFAT signaling specifically impacts Tfh cell maintenance and leads to amelioration of autoantibody production and renal injury. Our data provide important conceptual and therapeutic insights into the signaling mechanisms that regulate Tfh cell development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Seth
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yoshiyuki Yokokura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jin-Young Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Justin A. Shyer
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Aurobind Vidyarthi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joe Craft
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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16
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Ruan S, Xu L, Sheng Y, Wang J, Zhou X, Zhang C, Guo L, Li W, Han C. Th1 promotes M1 polarization of intestinal macrophages to regulate colitis-related mucosal barrier damage. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:6721-6735. [PMID: 37494667 PMCID: PMC10415578 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed to investigate the role of helper T cell 1 (Th1) in chronic colitis and its immunoregulatory mechanism. The proportions of Th1 and Th2, and the levels of related cytokines in tissues from patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD; ulcerative colitis+Crohn's disease, UC+CD) were detected. DSS was used to induce the mouse model of IBD; thereafter, Th1 cells were induced in vitro and amplified before they were injected intraperitoneally. Later, the changes in life state and body weight of mice were observed, the proportion of M1 macrophages in mucosal tissues and mucosal barrier damage were detected. After treatment with macrophage scavenging agent (Clodronate Liposomes, CLL), the influence of Th1 on IBD mice was observed. Then, the intestinal macrophages were co-cultured with Th1 in vitro to observe the influence of Th1 on the polarization of intestinal macrophages. Besides, cells were treated with the STAT3 inhibitor to further detect the macrophage polarization level. Intestinal macrophages were later co-cultured with intestinal epithelial cells to observe the degree of epithelial cell injury. The Th1 proportions in intestinal tissues of UC and CD patients were higher than those in healthy subjects, but the difference in Th2 proportion was not significant. In the IBD mouse model, Th1 induced the M1 polarization of macrophages, aggravated the intestinal inflammatory response, and resulted in the increased mucosal barrier permeability. Pretreatment with CLL antagonized the effect of Th1 cells, reduced the intestinal tissue inflammatory response and mucosal barrier permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuiliang Ruan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Jiaxing University Master Degree Cultivation Base, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongjia Sheng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jin Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, China
| | - Caiqun Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Guo
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenyan Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenyang Han
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, China
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Panneton V, Mindt BC, Bouklouch Y, Bouchard A, Mohammaei S, Chang J, Diamantopoulos N, Witalis M, Li J, Stancescu A, Bradley JE, Randall TD, Fritz JH, Suh WK. ICOS costimulation is indispensable for the differentiation of T follicular regulatory cells. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201615. [PMID: 36754569 PMCID: PMC9909462 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
ICOS is a T-cell costimulatory receptor critical for Tfh cell generation and function. However, the role of ICOS in Tfr cell differentiation remains unclear. Using Foxp3-Cre-mediated ICOS knockout (ICOS FC) mice, we show that ICOS deficiency in Treg-lineage cells drastically reduces the number of Tfr cells during GC reactions but has a minimal impact on conventional Treg cells. Single-cell transcriptome analysis of Foxp3+ cells at an early stage of the GC reaction suggests that ICOS normally inhibits Klf2 expression to promote follicular features including Bcl6 up-regulation. Furthermore, ICOS costimulation promotes nuclear localization of NFAT2, a known driver of CXCR5 expression. Notably, ICOS FC mice had an unaltered overall GC B-cell output but showed signs of expanded autoreactive B cells along with elevated autoantibody titers. Thus, our study demonstrates that ICOS costimulation is critical for Tfr cell differentiation and highlights the importance of Tfr cells in maintaining humoral immune tolerance during GC reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Panneton
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Barbara C Mindt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Antoine Bouchard
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Molecular Biology Program, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Saba Mohammaei
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jinsam Chang
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Molecular Biology Program, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nikoletta Diamantopoulos
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mariko Witalis
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Molecular Biology Program, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Joanna Li
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - John E Bradley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Troy D Randall
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jörg H Fritz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Woong-Kyung Suh
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
- Molecular Biology Program, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
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18
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Kim YJ, Oh J, Jung S, Kim CJ, Choi J, Jeon YK, Kim HJ, Kim JW, Suh CH, Lee Y, Im SH, Crotty S, Choi YS. The transcription factor Mef2d regulates B:T synapse-dependent GC-T FH differentiation and IL-21-mediated humoral immunity. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eadf2248. [PMID: 36961907 PMCID: PMC10311795 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adf2248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Communication between CD4 T cells and cognate B cells is key for the former to fully mature into germinal center-T follicular helper (GC-TFH) cells and for the latter to mount a CD4 T cell-dependent humoral immune response. Although this interaction occurs in a B:T synapse-dependent manner, how CD4 T cells transcriptionally regulate B:T synapse formation remains largely unknown. Here, we report that Mef2d, an isoform of the myocyte enhancer factor 2 (Mef2) transcription factor family, is a critical regulator of this process. In CD4 T cells, Mef2d negatively regulates expression of Sh2d1a, which encodes SLAM-associated protein (SAP), a critical regulator of B:T synapses. We found that Mef2d regulates Sh2d1a expression via DNA binding-dependent transcriptional repression, inhibiting SAP-dependent B:T synapse formation and preventing antigen-specific CD4 T cells from differentiating into GC-TFH cells. Mef2d also impeded IL-21 production by CD4 T cells, an important B cell help signaling molecule, via direct repression of the Il21 gene. In contrast, CD4 T cell-specific disruption of Mef2d led to a substantial increase in GC-TFH differentiation in response to protein immunization, concurrent with enhanced SAP expression. MEF2D mRNA expression inversely correlates with human systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patient autoimmune parameters, including circulating TFH-like cell frequencies, autoantibodies, and SLEDAI scores. These findings highlight Mef2d as a pivotal rheostat in CD4 T cells for controlling GC formation and antibody production by B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Ji Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeein Oh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soohan Jung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan Johng Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea
| | - Jinyong Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Kyung Jeon
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Jik Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Won Kim
- Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Chang-Hee Suh
- Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Yoontae Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea
| | - Sin-Hyeog Im
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea
- ImmunoBiome Inc., Pohang, Korea
- Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shane Crotty
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- University of California San Diego, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Youn Soo Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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19
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Innate and adaptive immune abnormalities underlying autoimmune diseases: the genetic connections. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023:10.1007/s11427-021-2187-3. [PMID: 36738430 PMCID: PMC9898710 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-2187-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
With the exception of an extremely small number of cases caused by single gene mutations, most autoimmune diseases result from the complex interplay between environmental and genetic factors. In a nutshell, etiology of the common autoimmune disorders is unknown in spite of progress elucidating certain effector cells and molecules responsible for pathologies associated with inflammatory and tissue damage. In recent years, population genetics approaches have greatly enriched our knowledge regarding genetic susceptibility of autoimmunity, providing us with a window of opportunities to comprehensively re-examine autoimmunity-associated genes and possible pathways. In this review, we aim to discuss etiology and pathogenesis of common autoimmune disorders from the perspective of human genetics. An overview of the genetic basis of autoimmunity is followed by 3 chapters detailing susceptibility genes involved in innate immunity, adaptive immunity and inflammatory cell death processes respectively. With such attempts, we hope to expand the scope of thinking and bring attention to lesser appreciated molecules and pathways as important contributors of autoimmunity beyond the 'usual suspects' of a limited subset of validated therapeutic targets.
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20
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RBP-RNA interactions in the control of autoimmunity and autoinflammation. Cell Res 2023; 33:97-115. [PMID: 36599968 PMCID: PMC9892603 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-022-00752-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmunity and autoinflammation arise from aberrant immunological and inflammatory responses toward self-components, contributing to various autoimmune diseases and autoinflammatory diseases. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are essential for immune cell development and function, mainly via exerting post-transcriptional regulation of RNA metabolism and function. Functional dysregulation of RBPs and abnormities in RNA metabolism are closely associated with multiple autoimmune or autoinflammatory disorders. Distinct RBPs play critical roles in aberrant autoreactive inflammatory responses via orchestrating a complex regulatory network consisting of DNAs, RNAs and proteins within immune cells. In-depth characterizations of RBP-RNA interactomes during autoimmunity and autoinflammation will lead to a better understanding of autoimmune pathogenesis and facilitate the development of effective therapeutic strategies. In this review, we summarize and discuss the functions of RBP-RNA interactions in controlling aberrant autoimmune inflammation and their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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21
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Ferrero PV, Onofrio LI, Acosta CDV, Zacca ER, Ponce NE, Mussano E, Onetti LB, Cadile II, Costantino AB, Werner ML, Mas LA, Alvarellos T, Montes CL, Acosta Rodríguez EV, Gruppi A. Dynamics of circulating follicular helper T cell subsets and follicular regulatory T cells in rheumatoid arthritis patients according to HLA-DRB1 locus. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1000982. [PMID: 36582249 PMCID: PMC9793086 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1000982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
B cells, follicular helper T (Tfh) cells and follicular regulatory T (Tfr) cells are part of a circuit that may play a role in the development or progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). With the aim of providing further insight into this topic, here we evaluated the frequency of different subsets of Tfh and Tfr in untreated and long-term treated RA patients from a cohort of Argentina, and their potential association with particular human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class-II variants and disease activity. We observed that the frequency of total Tfh cells as well as of particular Tfh subsets and Tfr cells were increased in seropositive untreated RA patients. Interestingly, when analyzing paired samples, the frequency of Tfh cells was reduced in synovial fluid compared to peripheral blood, while Tfr cells levels were similar in both biological fluids. After treatment, a decrease in the CCR7loPD1hi Tfh subset and an increase in the frequency of Tfr cells was observed in blood. In comparison to healthy donors, seropositive patients with moderate and high disease activity exhibited higher frequency of Tfh cells while seropositive patients with low disease activity presented higher Tfr cell frequency. Finally, we observed that HLA-DRB1*09 presence correlated with higher frequency of Tfh and Tfr cells, while HLA-DRB1*04 was associated with increased Tfr cell frequency. Together, our results increase our knowledge about the dynamics of Tfh and Tfr cell subsets in RA, showing that this is altered after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola V. Ferrero
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Hospital Nacional de Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Luisina I. Onofrio
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Cristina del Valle Acosta
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Hospital Nacional de Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Estefania R. Zacca
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Hospital Nacional de Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Nicolas E. Ponce
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Eduardo Mussano
- Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Nacional de Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Laura B. Onetti
- Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Nacional de Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ignacio I. Cadile
- Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Nacional de Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Alicia B. Costantino
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Hospital Nacional de Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Marina L. Werner
- Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Nacional de Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Luciana A. Mas
- Laboratorio de Histocompatibilidad, Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba e Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Biomédicas, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Teresita Alvarellos
- Laboratorio de Histocompatibilidad, Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba e Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Biomédicas, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carolina L. Montes
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Eva V. Acosta Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina,*Correspondence: Adriana Gruppi, ; Eva V. Acosta Rodríguez,
| | - Adriana Gruppi
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina,*Correspondence: Adriana Gruppi, ; Eva V. Acosta Rodríguez,
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22
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Liu L, Hu L, Long H, Zheng M, Hu Z, He Y, Gao X, Du P, Zhao H, Yu D, Lu Q, Zhao M. LncRNA IL21-AS1 interacts with hnRNPU protein to promote IL21 overexpression and aberrant differentiation of Tfh cells in systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e1117. [PMID: 36447054 PMCID: PMC9708910 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aberrant differentiation of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells plays an important role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, the mechanism of regulating Tfh cells differentiation remains unclear. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) act as important regulators in the processes of innate and adaptive immune response. Whether lncRNAs are involved in regulating Tfh cell differentiation and autoimmune responses need to be further identified. METHODS The characters and functions of human IL21-AS1 and its mouse homologous lncRNA (mIl21-AS) were investigated by a series of biochemical assays and cell transfection assay. mIl21-AS1 regulating humoral immune response in vivo was explored by keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH) and chronic graft versus host disease (cGVHD) model. RESULTS Human IL21-AS1 and its mouse homologous lncRNA (mIl21-AS) were identified and cloned. We uncovered that IL21-AS1 was highly expressed in CD4+ T cells of SLE patients and Tfh cells, which promoted differentiation of Tfh cells. Mechanistically, IL21-AS1 bound heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U and recruited acetyltransferases CREB-binding protein to the promoter of IL21, leading to the transcriptional activation of IL21 and Tfh cells differentiation through increasing Histone H3 acetylation level on IL21 promoter. Moreover, Tfh proportion and antibodies production were significantly increased in mIl21-AS knock-in mice immunized with KLH. mIl21-AS1 overexpression also exacerbated the lupus-like phenotype in cGVHD mice model. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that IL21-AS1 activates IL21 transcription via epigenetic mechanism to promote germinal centre response, adding insight into the molecular regulation of autoimmune pathogenesis and providing a novel target for SLE treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Unit of Key Technologies of Diagnosis and Treatment for Immune-related Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changsha, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Major Skin Diseases and Skin Health of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- Department of Medical Science Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, China
| | - Longyuan Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Unit of Key Technologies of Diagnosis and Treatment for Immune-related Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changsha, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Major Skin Diseases and Skin Health of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Haojun Long
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Unit of Key Technologies of Diagnosis and Treatment for Immune-related Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changsha, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Major Skin Diseases and Skin Health of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Meiling Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Unit of Key Technologies of Diagnosis and Treatment for Immune-related Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changsha, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Major Skin Diseases and Skin Health of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Unit of Key Technologies of Diagnosis and Treatment for Immune-related Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changsha, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Major Skin Diseases and Skin Health of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Ye He
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Unit of Key Technologies of Diagnosis and Treatment for Immune-related Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changsha, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Major Skin Diseases and Skin Health of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaofei Gao
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Unit of Key Technologies of Diagnosis and Treatment for Immune-related Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changsha, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Major Skin Diseases and Skin Health of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Pei Du
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Unit of Key Technologies of Diagnosis and Treatment for Immune-related Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changsha, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Major Skin Diseases and Skin Health of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Hongjun Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Di Yu
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Unit of Key Technologies of Diagnosis and Treatment for Immune-related Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changsha, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Major Skin Diseases and Skin Health of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
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23
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Roles of RNA-binding proteins in immune diseases and cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:310-324. [PMID: 35351611 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Genetic information that is transcribed from DNA to mRNA, and then translated from mRNA to protein, is regulated by complex and sophisticated post-transcriptional mechanisms. Recently, it has become clear that mRNA degradation not only acts to remove unnecessary mRNA, but is also closely associated with the regulation of translation initiation, and is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Various RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) have been reported to play central roles in the mechanisms of mRNA stability and translation initiation through various signal transduction pathways, and to modulate gene expression faster than the transcription process via post-transcriptional modifications in response to intracellular and extracellular stimuli, without de novo protein synthesis. On the other hand, inflammation is necessary for the elimination of pathogens associated with infection, and is tightly controlled to avoid the overexpression of inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). It is increasingly becoming clear that RBPs play important roles in the post-transcriptional regulation of these immune responses. Furthermore, it has been shown that the aberrant regulation of RBPs leads to chronic inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Although it has been recognized since the time of Rudolf Virchow in the 19th century that cancer-associated inflammation contributes to tumor onset and progression, involvement of the disruption of the balance between anti-tumor immunity via the immune surveillance system and pro-tumor immunity by cancer-associated inflammation in the malignant transformation of cancer remains elusive. Recently, the dysregulated expression and activation of representative RBPs involved in regulation of the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines have been shown to be involved in tumor progression. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in our understanding of the functional roles of these RBPs in several types of immune responses, and the involvement of RBP dysregulation in the pathogenesis of immune diseases and cancer, and discuss possible therapeutic strategies against cancer by targeting RBPs, coupled with immunotherapy.
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24
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Feng H, Zhao Z, Dong C. Adapting to the world: The determination and plasticity of T follicular helper cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 150:981-989. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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25
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Liu J, Guan F. B cell phenotype, activity, and function in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Pediatr Res 2022:10.1038/s41390-022-02336-w. [PMID: 36316536 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-02336-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) is the most frequent glomerular disease in childhood. However, its underlying etiology mechanism lacks thorough understanding. Previous studies have described INS as a T cell functional disorder resulting in increased plasma lymphocyte-derived permeability factors. In children with frequent relapses of nephrotic syndrome, the mechanism underlying the therapeutic efficacy of CD20 monoclonal antibodies in depleting B cells may provide additional evidence in exploring the critical role of B lymphocytes in INS pathogenesis. Previous studies have proposed that RTX bound to CD20 through antibody-dependent and complement-dependent cytotoxicity and led to lytic clearance of B cells. Additionally, RTX exerted an effect by blocking the interaction between B and T cells or regulating homeostasis and functions of T cell subsets. Recent studies on the development, differentiation, and activation of B-lymphocytes in glomerular diseases have suggested that the B-lymphocytes participate in the INS pathogenesis through interaction with T cells, secretion of antibodies, or production of cytokines. In this study, we aimed to provide a detailed description of the current knowledge on the development, differentiation, activity, functions, and related regulating factors of B cells involved in INS. Thus, further understanding of the immunopathogenesis of INS may offer some opportunities in precisely targeting B cells during therapeutic interventions. IMPACT: The topic "B cells play a role in glomerular disease" is a novel point, which is not completely described previously. We described interactions between T and B cells and immunoglobulin, IgG, IgM, IgE, etc. as well in glomerular disease. The research of regulatory factors associated with B cell's function, like BAFF, is a hot topic in other diseases; however, it is rare in glomerular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 221002, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fengjun Guan
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 221002, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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26
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Morille J, Mandon M, Rodriguez S, Roulois D, Leonard S, Garcia A, Wiertlewski S, Le Page E, Berthelot L, Nicot A, Mathé C, Lejeune F, Tarte K, Delaloy C, Amé P, Laplaud D, Michel L. Multiple Sclerosis CSF Is Enriched With Follicular T Cells Displaying a Th1/Eomes Signature. NEUROLOGY(R) NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2022; 9:9/6/e200033. [PMID: 36266053 PMCID: PMC9585484 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000200033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Tertiary lymphoid structures and aggregates are reported in the meninges of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), especially at the progressive stage, and are strongly associated with cortical lesions and disability. Besides B cells, these structures comprise follicular helper T (Tfh) cells that are crucial to support B-cell differentiation. Tfh cells play a pivotal role in amplifying autoreactive B cells and promoting autoantibody production in several autoimmune diseases, but very few are known in MS. In this study, we examined the phenotype, frequency, and transcriptome of circulating cTfh cells in the blood and CSF of patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS). METHODS The phenotype and frequency of cTfh cells were analyzed in the blood of 39 healthy controls and 41 untreated patients with RRMS and in the CSF and paired blood of 10 patients with drug-naive RRMS at diagnosis by flow cytometry. Using an in vitro model of blood-brain barrier, we assessed the transendothelial migratory abilities of the different cTfh-cell subsets. Finally, we performed an RNA sequencing analysis of paired CSF cTfh cells and blood cTfh cells in 8 patients sampled at their first demyelinating event. RESULTS The blood phenotype and frequency of cTfh cells were not significantly modified in patients with RRMS. In the CSF, we found an important infiltration of Tfh1 cells, with a high proportion of activated PD1+ cells. We demonstrated that the specific subset of Tfh1 cells presents increased migration abilities to cross an in vitro model of blood-brain barrier. Of interest, even at the first demyelinating event, cTfh cells in the CSF display specific characteristics with upregulation of EOMES gene and proinflammatory/cytotoxic transcriptomic signature able to efficiently distinguish cTfh cells from the CSF and blood. Finally, interactome analysis revealed potential strong cross talk between pathogenic B cells and CSF cTfh cells, pointing out the CSF as opportune supportive compartment and highlighting the very early implication of B-cell helper T cells in MS pathogenesis. DISCUSSION Overall, CSF enrichment in activated Tfh1 as soon as disease diagnosis, associated with high expression of EOMES, and a predicted high propensity to interact with CSF B cells suggest that these cells probably contribute to disease onset and/or activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Morille
- From the Université de Nantes (J.M., A.G., L.B., A.N., C.M., F.L., D.L.), INSERM, CR2TI, UMR1064, Nantes; Pôle Biologie (M.M., K.T., P.A., L.M.), Laboratoire SITI, University Hospital; INSERM UMR1236 MicrOenvironment and B-Cell: Immunopathology Cell Differentiation and Cancer (M.M., S.R., D.R., S.L., K.T., C.D., P.A., L.M.), Univ Rennes, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy (S.L.), Graft, Oncology", Nantes; Service de neurologie (S.W., F.L., D.L.), CRC-SEP Pays de La Loire and CIC 1314, CHU Nantes; Neurology Department (E.L.P., L.M.), Rennes University Hospital; and Clinical Neuroscience Centre (E.L.P., L.M.), CIC_P1414 INSERM, Rennes, University Hospital, Rennes University
| | - Marion Mandon
- From the Université de Nantes (J.M., A.G., L.B., A.N., C.M., F.L., D.L.), INSERM, CR2TI, UMR1064, Nantes; Pôle Biologie (M.M., K.T., P.A., L.M.), Laboratoire SITI, University Hospital; INSERM UMR1236 MicrOenvironment and B-Cell: Immunopathology Cell Differentiation and Cancer (M.M., S.R., D.R., S.L., K.T., C.D., P.A., L.M.), Univ Rennes, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy (S.L.), Graft, Oncology", Nantes; Service de neurologie (S.W., F.L., D.L.), CRC-SEP Pays de La Loire and CIC 1314, CHU Nantes; Neurology Department (E.L.P., L.M.), Rennes University Hospital; and Clinical Neuroscience Centre (E.L.P., L.M.), CIC_P1414 INSERM, Rennes, University Hospital, Rennes University
| | - Stéphane Rodriguez
- From the Université de Nantes (J.M., A.G., L.B., A.N., C.M., F.L., D.L.), INSERM, CR2TI, UMR1064, Nantes; Pôle Biologie (M.M., K.T., P.A., L.M.), Laboratoire SITI, University Hospital; INSERM UMR1236 MicrOenvironment and B-Cell: Immunopathology Cell Differentiation and Cancer (M.M., S.R., D.R., S.L., K.T., C.D., P.A., L.M.), Univ Rennes, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy (S.L.), Graft, Oncology", Nantes; Service de neurologie (S.W., F.L., D.L.), CRC-SEP Pays de La Loire and CIC 1314, CHU Nantes; Neurology Department (E.L.P., L.M.), Rennes University Hospital; and Clinical Neuroscience Centre (E.L.P., L.M.), CIC_P1414 INSERM, Rennes, University Hospital, Rennes University
| | - David Roulois
- From the Université de Nantes (J.M., A.G., L.B., A.N., C.M., F.L., D.L.), INSERM, CR2TI, UMR1064, Nantes; Pôle Biologie (M.M., K.T., P.A., L.M.), Laboratoire SITI, University Hospital; INSERM UMR1236 MicrOenvironment and B-Cell: Immunopathology Cell Differentiation and Cancer (M.M., S.R., D.R., S.L., K.T., C.D., P.A., L.M.), Univ Rennes, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy (S.L.), Graft, Oncology", Nantes; Service de neurologie (S.W., F.L., D.L.), CRC-SEP Pays de La Loire and CIC 1314, CHU Nantes; Neurology Department (E.L.P., L.M.), Rennes University Hospital; and Clinical Neuroscience Centre (E.L.P., L.M.), CIC_P1414 INSERM, Rennes, University Hospital, Rennes University
| | - Simon Leonard
- From the Université de Nantes (J.M., A.G., L.B., A.N., C.M., F.L., D.L.), INSERM, CR2TI, UMR1064, Nantes; Pôle Biologie (M.M., K.T., P.A., L.M.), Laboratoire SITI, University Hospital; INSERM UMR1236 MicrOenvironment and B-Cell: Immunopathology Cell Differentiation and Cancer (M.M., S.R., D.R., S.L., K.T., C.D., P.A., L.M.), Univ Rennes, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy (S.L.), Graft, Oncology", Nantes; Service de neurologie (S.W., F.L., D.L.), CRC-SEP Pays de La Loire and CIC 1314, CHU Nantes; Neurology Department (E.L.P., L.M.), Rennes University Hospital; and Clinical Neuroscience Centre (E.L.P., L.M.), CIC_P1414 INSERM, Rennes, University Hospital, Rennes University
| | - Alexandra Garcia
- From the Université de Nantes (J.M., A.G., L.B., A.N., C.M., F.L., D.L.), INSERM, CR2TI, UMR1064, Nantes; Pôle Biologie (M.M., K.T., P.A., L.M.), Laboratoire SITI, University Hospital; INSERM UMR1236 MicrOenvironment and B-Cell: Immunopathology Cell Differentiation and Cancer (M.M., S.R., D.R., S.L., K.T., C.D., P.A., L.M.), Univ Rennes, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy (S.L.), Graft, Oncology", Nantes; Service de neurologie (S.W., F.L., D.L.), CRC-SEP Pays de La Loire and CIC 1314, CHU Nantes; Neurology Department (E.L.P., L.M.), Rennes University Hospital; and Clinical Neuroscience Centre (E.L.P., L.M.), CIC_P1414 INSERM, Rennes, University Hospital, Rennes University
| | - Sandrine Wiertlewski
- From the Université de Nantes (J.M., A.G., L.B., A.N., C.M., F.L., D.L.), INSERM, CR2TI, UMR1064, Nantes; Pôle Biologie (M.M., K.T., P.A., L.M.), Laboratoire SITI, University Hospital; INSERM UMR1236 MicrOenvironment and B-Cell: Immunopathology Cell Differentiation and Cancer (M.M., S.R., D.R., S.L., K.T., C.D., P.A., L.M.), Univ Rennes, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy (S.L.), Graft, Oncology", Nantes; Service de neurologie (S.W., F.L., D.L.), CRC-SEP Pays de La Loire and CIC 1314, CHU Nantes; Neurology Department (E.L.P., L.M.), Rennes University Hospital; and Clinical Neuroscience Centre (E.L.P., L.M.), CIC_P1414 INSERM, Rennes, University Hospital, Rennes University
| | - Emmanuelle Le Page
- From the Université de Nantes (J.M., A.G., L.B., A.N., C.M., F.L., D.L.), INSERM, CR2TI, UMR1064, Nantes; Pôle Biologie (M.M., K.T., P.A., L.M.), Laboratoire SITI, University Hospital; INSERM UMR1236 MicrOenvironment and B-Cell: Immunopathology Cell Differentiation and Cancer (M.M., S.R., D.R., S.L., K.T., C.D., P.A., L.M.), Univ Rennes, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy (S.L.), Graft, Oncology", Nantes; Service de neurologie (S.W., F.L., D.L.), CRC-SEP Pays de La Loire and CIC 1314, CHU Nantes; Neurology Department (E.L.P., L.M.), Rennes University Hospital; and Clinical Neuroscience Centre (E.L.P., L.M.), CIC_P1414 INSERM, Rennes, University Hospital, Rennes University
| | - Laureline Berthelot
- From the Université de Nantes (J.M., A.G., L.B., A.N., C.M., F.L., D.L.), INSERM, CR2TI, UMR1064, Nantes; Pôle Biologie (M.M., K.T., P.A., L.M.), Laboratoire SITI, University Hospital; INSERM UMR1236 MicrOenvironment and B-Cell: Immunopathology Cell Differentiation and Cancer (M.M., S.R., D.R., S.L., K.T., C.D., P.A., L.M.), Univ Rennes, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy (S.L.), Graft, Oncology", Nantes; Service de neurologie (S.W., F.L., D.L.), CRC-SEP Pays de La Loire and CIC 1314, CHU Nantes; Neurology Department (E.L.P., L.M.), Rennes University Hospital; and Clinical Neuroscience Centre (E.L.P., L.M.), CIC_P1414 INSERM, Rennes, University Hospital, Rennes University
| | - Arnaud Nicot
- From the Université de Nantes (J.M., A.G., L.B., A.N., C.M., F.L., D.L.), INSERM, CR2TI, UMR1064, Nantes; Pôle Biologie (M.M., K.T., P.A., L.M.), Laboratoire SITI, University Hospital; INSERM UMR1236 MicrOenvironment and B-Cell: Immunopathology Cell Differentiation and Cancer (M.M., S.R., D.R., S.L., K.T., C.D., P.A., L.M.), Univ Rennes, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy (S.L.), Graft, Oncology", Nantes; Service de neurologie (S.W., F.L., D.L.), CRC-SEP Pays de La Loire and CIC 1314, CHU Nantes; Neurology Department (E.L.P., L.M.), Rennes University Hospital; and Clinical Neuroscience Centre (E.L.P., L.M.), CIC_P1414 INSERM, Rennes, University Hospital, Rennes University
| | - Camille Mathé
- From the Université de Nantes (J.M., A.G., L.B., A.N., C.M., F.L., D.L.), INSERM, CR2TI, UMR1064, Nantes; Pôle Biologie (M.M., K.T., P.A., L.M.), Laboratoire SITI, University Hospital; INSERM UMR1236 MicrOenvironment and B-Cell: Immunopathology Cell Differentiation and Cancer (M.M., S.R., D.R., S.L., K.T., C.D., P.A., L.M.), Univ Rennes, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy (S.L.), Graft, Oncology", Nantes; Service de neurologie (S.W., F.L., D.L.), CRC-SEP Pays de La Loire and CIC 1314, CHU Nantes; Neurology Department (E.L.P., L.M.), Rennes University Hospital; and Clinical Neuroscience Centre (E.L.P., L.M.), CIC_P1414 INSERM, Rennes, University Hospital, Rennes University
| | - Flora Lejeune
- From the Université de Nantes (J.M., A.G., L.B., A.N., C.M., F.L., D.L.), INSERM, CR2TI, UMR1064, Nantes; Pôle Biologie (M.M., K.T., P.A., L.M.), Laboratoire SITI, University Hospital; INSERM UMR1236 MicrOenvironment and B-Cell: Immunopathology Cell Differentiation and Cancer (M.M., S.R., D.R., S.L., K.T., C.D., P.A., L.M.), Univ Rennes, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy (S.L.), Graft, Oncology", Nantes; Service de neurologie (S.W., F.L., D.L.), CRC-SEP Pays de La Loire and CIC 1314, CHU Nantes; Neurology Department (E.L.P., L.M.), Rennes University Hospital; and Clinical Neuroscience Centre (E.L.P., L.M.), CIC_P1414 INSERM, Rennes, University Hospital, Rennes University
| | - Karin Tarte
- From the Université de Nantes (J.M., A.G., L.B., A.N., C.M., F.L., D.L.), INSERM, CR2TI, UMR1064, Nantes; Pôle Biologie (M.M., K.T., P.A., L.M.), Laboratoire SITI, University Hospital; INSERM UMR1236 MicrOenvironment and B-Cell: Immunopathology Cell Differentiation and Cancer (M.M., S.R., D.R., S.L., K.T., C.D., P.A., L.M.), Univ Rennes, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy (S.L.), Graft, Oncology", Nantes; Service de neurologie (S.W., F.L., D.L.), CRC-SEP Pays de La Loire and CIC 1314, CHU Nantes; Neurology Department (E.L.P., L.M.), Rennes University Hospital; and Clinical Neuroscience Centre (E.L.P., L.M.), CIC_P1414 INSERM, Rennes, University Hospital, Rennes University
| | - Céline Delaloy
- From the Université de Nantes (J.M., A.G., L.B., A.N., C.M., F.L., D.L.), INSERM, CR2TI, UMR1064, Nantes; Pôle Biologie (M.M., K.T., P.A., L.M.), Laboratoire SITI, University Hospital; INSERM UMR1236 MicrOenvironment and B-Cell: Immunopathology Cell Differentiation and Cancer (M.M., S.R., D.R., S.L., K.T., C.D., P.A., L.M.), Univ Rennes, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy (S.L.), Graft, Oncology", Nantes; Service de neurologie (S.W., F.L., D.L.), CRC-SEP Pays de La Loire and CIC 1314, CHU Nantes; Neurology Department (E.L.P., L.M.), Rennes University Hospital; and Clinical Neuroscience Centre (E.L.P., L.M.), CIC_P1414 INSERM, Rennes, University Hospital, Rennes University
| | - Patricia Amé
- From the Université de Nantes (J.M., A.G., L.B., A.N., C.M., F.L., D.L.), INSERM, CR2TI, UMR1064, Nantes; Pôle Biologie (M.M., K.T., P.A., L.M.), Laboratoire SITI, University Hospital; INSERM UMR1236 MicrOenvironment and B-Cell: Immunopathology Cell Differentiation and Cancer (M.M., S.R., D.R., S.L., K.T., C.D., P.A., L.M.), Univ Rennes, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy (S.L.), Graft, Oncology", Nantes; Service de neurologie (S.W., F.L., D.L.), CRC-SEP Pays de La Loire and CIC 1314, CHU Nantes; Neurology Department (E.L.P., L.M.), Rennes University Hospital; and Clinical Neuroscience Centre (E.L.P., L.M.), CIC_P1414 INSERM, Rennes, University Hospital, Rennes University
| | - David Laplaud
- From the Université de Nantes (J.M., A.G., L.B., A.N., C.M., F.L., D.L.), INSERM, CR2TI, UMR1064, Nantes; Pôle Biologie (M.M., K.T., P.A., L.M.), Laboratoire SITI, University Hospital; INSERM UMR1236 MicrOenvironment and B-Cell: Immunopathology Cell Differentiation and Cancer (M.M., S.R., D.R., S.L., K.T., C.D., P.A., L.M.), Univ Rennes, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy (S.L.), Graft, Oncology", Nantes; Service de neurologie (S.W., F.L., D.L.), CRC-SEP Pays de La Loire and CIC 1314, CHU Nantes; Neurology Department (E.L.P., L.M.), Rennes University Hospital; and Clinical Neuroscience Centre (E.L.P., L.M.), CIC_P1414 INSERM, Rennes, University Hospital, Rennes University
| | - Laure Michel
- From the Université de Nantes (J.M., A.G., L.B., A.N., C.M., F.L., D.L.), INSERM, CR2TI, UMR1064, Nantes; Pôle Biologie (M.M., K.T., P.A., L.M.), Laboratoire SITI, University Hospital; INSERM UMR1236 MicrOenvironment and B-Cell: Immunopathology Cell Differentiation and Cancer (M.M., S.R., D.R., S.L., K.T., C.D., P.A., L.M.), Univ Rennes, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy (S.L.), Graft, Oncology", Nantes; Service de neurologie (S.W., F.L., D.L.), CRC-SEP Pays de La Loire and CIC 1314, CHU Nantes; Neurology Department (E.L.P., L.M.), Rennes University Hospital; and Clinical Neuroscience Centre (E.L.P., L.M.), CIC_P1414 INSERM, Rennes, University Hospital, Rennes University.
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Tian M, Ma Y, Li T, Wu N, Li J, Jia H, Yan M, Wang W, Bian H, Tan X, Qi J. Functions of regulators of G protein signaling 16 in immunity, inflammation, and other diseases. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:962321. [PMID: 36120550 PMCID: PMC9478547 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.962321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) act as guanosine triphosphatase activating proteins to accelerate guanosine triphosphate hydrolysis of the G protein α subunit, leading to the termination of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) downstream signaling pathway. RGS16, which is expressed in a number of cells and tissues, belongs to one of the small B/R4 subfamilies of RGS proteins and consists of a conserved RGS structural domain with short, disordered amino- and carboxy-terminal extensions and an α-helix that classically binds and de-activates heterotrimeric G proteins. However, with the deepening of research, it has been revealed that RGS16 protein not only regulates the classical GPCR pathway, but also affects immune, inflammatory, tumor and metabolic processes through other signaling pathways including the mitogen-activated protein kinase, phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B, Ras homolog family member A and stromal cell-derived factor 1/C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 pathways. Additionally, the RGS16 protein may be involved in the Hepatitis B Virus -induced inflammatory response. Therefore, given the continuous expansion of knowledge regarding its role and mechanism, the structure, characteristics, regulatory mechanisms and known functions of the small RGS proteinRGS16 are reviewed in this paper to prepare for diagnosis, treatment, and prognostic evaluation of different diseases such as inflammation, tumor, and metabolic disorders and to better study its function in other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Tian
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, China
| | - Tao Li
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Nijin Wu
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Huimin Jia
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Meizhu Yan
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenwen Wang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongjun Bian
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xu Tan
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Jianni Qi, ; Xu Tan,
| | - Jianni Qi
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Liver Diseases Prevention and Control, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Jianni Qi, ; Xu Tan,
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Harrer C, Otto F, Radlberger RF, Moser T, Pilz G, Wipfler P, Harrer A. The CXCL13/CXCR5 Immune Axis in Health and Disease—Implications for Intrathecal B Cell Activities in Neuroinflammation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172649. [PMID: 36078057 PMCID: PMC9454489 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemokine C-X-C- ligand 13 (CXCL13) is a major B cell chemoattractant to B cell follicles in secondary lymphoid organs (SLO) that proposedly recruits B cells to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during neuroinflammation. CXCR5, the cognate receptor of CXCL13, is expressed on B cells and certain T cell subsets, in particular T follicular helper cells (Tfh cells), enabling them to follow CXCL13 gradients towards B cell follicles for spatial proximity, a prerequisite for productive T cell–B cell interaction. Tfh cells are essential contributors to B cell proliferation, differentiation, and high-affinity antibody synthesis and are required for germinal center formation and maintenance. Circulating Tfh cells (cTfh) have been observed in the peripheral blood and CSF. Furthermore, CXCL13/CXCR5-associated immune activities organize and shape adaptive B cell-related immune responses outside of SLO via the formation of ectopic lymphoid structures in inflamed tissues, including the central nervous system (CNS). This review summarizes the recent advances in our understanding of the CXCL13/CXCR5 immune axis and its role in vaccination, autoimmunity, and infection with a special focus on its relevance for intrathecal B cell activities in inflammatory CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Harrer
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University and Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Clinical Division of Social Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ferdinand Otto
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University and Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Richard Friedrich Radlberger
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University and Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Tobias Moser
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University and Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Georg Pilz
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University and Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Peter Wipfler
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University and Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Andrea Harrer
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University and Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Correspondence:
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Mao M, Xu S, Lin L, Dong D, Xue M, He S, Cai G. Impact of Corticosteroids on the Proportions of Circulating Tfh Cell Subsets in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematous. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:949334. [PMID: 35865165 PMCID: PMC9294243 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.949334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to analyze the distribution of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells in lupus patients, and the effects of steroids on circulating Tfh cells. Methods Circulating Tfh cell subsets were defined by multicolor flow cytometry as Tfh17, Tfh2 or Tfh1 subpopulations of CXCR5+CD45RA–CD4+ T cells in the peripheral blood of SLE patients and healthy controls. To test the effects of corticosteroid on Tfh cells, PBMC harvested from both SLE and healthy controls were cocultured with dexamethasone, and then analyzed by Flow cytometry. Results The proportion of Tfh17 cells in SLE patients was increased significantly compared with healthy controls. Additionally, patients with an active disease had reduced Tfh1 subsets than those with an inactive disease and healthy controls. The frequency of Tfh2 cells was associated with the proportion of circulating plasmablasts and the amount of anti-dsDNA. Dexamethasone reduced the percentage of Tfh2 cells while increased the proportion of Tfh17 subset in gated CXCR5+CD45RA–CD4+ T cells. Conclusion Our study investigated the distribution of circulating Tfh subsets in lupus patients. Corticosteroids treatment not only down-regulated the proportion of circulating Tfh cells, but also altered the distribution of Tfh subsets in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjing Mao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuqin Xu
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School, Shanghai, China
| | - Danfeng Dong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School, Shanghai, China
| | - Minghui Xue
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School, Shanghai, China
| | - Siwei He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Cai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Gang Cai,
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Gupta S, Demirdag Y, Gupta AA. Members of the Regulatory Lymphocyte Club in Common Variable Immunodeficiency. Front Immunol 2022; 13:864307. [PMID: 35669770 PMCID: PMC9164302 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.864307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of CD4 T regulatory cells is well established in peripheral tolerance and the pathogenesis of the murine model and human autoimmune diseases. CD4 T regulatory cells (CD4 Tregs) have been investigated in common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). Recently, additional members have been added to the club of regulatory lymphocytes. These include CD8 T regulatory (CD8 Tregs), B regulatory (Bregs), and T follicular helper regulatory (TFR) cells. There are accumulating data to suggest their roles in both human and experimental models of autoimmune disease. Their phenotypic characterization and mechanisms of immunoregulation are evolving. Patients with CVID may present or are associated with an increased frequency of autoimmunity and autoimmune diseases. In this review, we have primarily focused on the characteristics of CD4 Tregs and new players of the regulatory club and their changes in patients with CVID in relation to autoimmunity and emphasized the complexity of interplay among various regulatory lymphocytes. We suggest future careful investigations of phenotypic and functional regulatory lymphocytes in a large cohort of phenotypic and genotypically defined CVID patients to define their role in the pathogenesis of CVID and autoimmunity associated with CVID.
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Akama-Garren EH, Carroll MC. T Cell Help in the Autoreactive Germinal Center. Scand J Immunol 2022; 95:e13192. [PMID: 35587582 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The germinal center serves as a site of B cell selection and affinity maturation, critical processes for productive adaptive immunity. In autoimmune disease tolerance is broken in the germinal center reaction, leading to production of autoreactive B cells that may propagate disease. Follicular T cells are crucial regulators of this process, providing signals necessary for B cell survival in the germinal center. Here we review the emerging roles of follicular T cells in the autoreactive germinal center. Recent advances in immunological techniques have allowed study of the gene expression profiles and repertoire of follicular T cells at unprecedented resolution. These studies provide insight into the potential role follicular T cells play in preventing or facilitating germinal center loss of tolerance. Improved understanding of the mechanisms of T cell help in autoreactive germinal centers provides novel therapeutic targets for diseases of germinal center dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot H Akama-Garren
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael C Carroll
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Chen X, Xu Y, Chen Q, Zhang H, Zeng Y, Geng Y, Shen L, Li F, Chen L, Chen GQ, Huang C, Liu J. The phosphatase PTEN links platelets with immune regulatory functions of mouse T follicular helper cells. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2762. [PMID: 35589797 PMCID: PMC9120038 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30444-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Beyond a function in hemostasis and thrombosis, platelets can regulate innate and adaptive immune responses. Hyperactive platelets are frequently associated with multiple human autoimmune diseases, yet their pathogenic functions in these diseases have not been fully established. Emerging studies show an essential function of the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) in maintenance of immune homeostasis. Here, we show that mice with platelet-specific deletion of Pten, develop age-related lymphoproliferative diseases and humoral autoimmunity not seen in wildtype animals. Platelet-specific Pten-deficient mice have aberrant T cell activation, excessive T follicular helper (Tfh) cell responses and accumulation of platelet aggregates in lymph nodes. Transferred Pten-deficient platelets are able to infiltrate into the peripheral lymphoid tissues and form more aggregates. Moreover, Pten-deficient platelets are hyperactive and overproduce multiple Tfh-promoting cytokines via activation of the PDK1/mTORC2-AKT-SNAP23 pathway. Pten-deficient platelets show enhanced interaction with CD4+ T cells and promote conversion of CD4+ T cells into Tfh cells. Our results implicate PTEN in platelet-mediated immune homeostasis, and provide evidence that hyperactive platelets function as an important mediator in autoimmune diseases using mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Yanyan Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Qidi Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yu Zeng
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yan Geng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Lei Shen
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Fubin Li
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Chuanxin Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Junling Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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Leavenworth JW. AIMing 2 promote lupus by targeting helpers. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e844. [PMID: 35538881 PMCID: PMC9091997 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jianmei W. Leavenworth
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
- Department of MicrobiologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
- The O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
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B cells in autoimmune hepatitis: bystanders or central players? Semin Immunopathol 2022; 44:411-427. [PMID: 35488094 PMCID: PMC9256567 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-022-00937-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
B cells are central for the adaptive immune system to mount successful immune responses not only as antibody producers but also as regulators of cellular immunity. These multifaceted features are also reflected in autoimmunity where autoreactive B cells can fuel disease by production of cytotoxic autoantibodies, presentation of autoantigens to autoreactive T cells, and secretion of cytokines and chemokines that either promote detrimental immune activation or impair regulatory T and B cells. The role of B cells and autoantibodies in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) have been controversially discussed, with typical autoantibodies and hypergammaglobulinemia indicating a key role, while strong HLA class II association suggests T cells as key players. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on B cells in AIH and how different B cell subpopulations may drive AIH progression beyond autoantibodies. We also discuss recent findings of B cell-directed therapies in AIH.
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Zhao Z, Xu B, Wang S, Zhou M, Huang Y, Guo C, Li M, Zhao J, Sung SSJ, Gaskin F, Yang N, Fu SM. Tfh cells with NLRP3 inflammasome activation are essential for high-affinity antibody generation, germinal centre formation and autoimmunity. Ann Rheum Dis 2022; 81:1006-1012. [PMID: 35414518 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-221985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE NLRP3 inflammasome regulates T cell responses. This study examined the roles of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the regulation of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells during humoral response to T dependent antigens and in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS NLRP3 inflammasome activation of Tfh cells was studied in B6, MRL/lpr and NZM2328 mice and in SLE patients and healthy controls using a fluorescence-labelled caspase-1 inhibitor probe. MCC950, a selective inhibitor of NLRP3, was used to investigate the relation between NLRP3 inflammasome activation and germinal centre (GC) reaction, Ab responses to immunisation, and autoantibody production. RESULTS NLRP3 inflammasome activation in Tfh cells after immunisation was identified in B6 mice. MCC950 inhibited humoral responses to sheep red blood cell and NP-CGG with reduction of the GC reaction. B6 mice with lymphoid cell-specific deletion of NLRP3 or Casp1 mounted suboptimal humoral responses with impaired GC formation and defective affinity maturation. In MRL/lpr and NZM2328 mice, inhibition of NLRP3 activation suppressed NLRP3 activated Tfh cell expansion as well as attenuated lupus-like phenotypes. Tfh cells with activated NLRP3 inflammasome exhibited increased expression of molecules for Tfh cell function and differentiation, and had greater ability to activate B cells. In SLE patients, disease activity was positively correlated with an increase in the activated NLRP3+ Tfh population and this population was markedly reduced in response to therapy. CONCLUSIONS The activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in Tfh cells is an integral part of responses to immunisation. The activated NLRP3+ Tfh population is essential for optimal humoral responses, GC formation and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhuan Zhao
- Medicine/Rheumatology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Bihua Xu
- Department of Rheumatology, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mianjing Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuefang Huang
- Pediatrics, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chaohuan Guo
- Department of Rheumatology, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jijun Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sun-Sang J Sung
- Medicine/Rheumatology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Felicia Gaskin
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Niansheng Yang
- Department of Rheumatology, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shu Man Fu
- Medicine/Rheumatology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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Li J, Luo M, Li B, Lou Y, Zhu Y, Bai X, Sun B, Lu X, Luo P. Immunomodulatory Activity of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Lupus Nephritis: Advances and Applications. Front Immunol 2022; 13:843192. [PMID: 35359961 PMCID: PMC8960601 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.843192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lupus nephritis (LN) is a significant cause of various acute and chronic renal diseases, which can eventually lead to end-stage renal disease. The pathogenic mechanisms of LN are characterized by abnormal activation of the immune responses, increased cytokine production, and dysregulation of inflammatory signaling pathways. LN treatment is an important issue in the prevention and treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the advantages of immunomodulation, anti-inflammation, and anti-proliferation. These unique properties make MSCs a strong candidate for cell therapy of autoimmune diseases. MSCs can suppress the proliferation of innate and adaptive immune cells, such as natural killer cells (NKs), dendritic cells (DCs), T cells, and B cells. Furthermore, MSCs suppress the functions of various immune cells, such as the cytotoxicity of T cells and NKs, maturation and antibody secretion of B cells, maturation and antigen presentation of DCs, and inhibition of cytokine secretion, such as interleukins (ILs), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and interferons (IFNs) by a variety of immune cells. MSCs can exert immunomodulatory effects in LN through these immune functions to suppress autoimmunity, improve renal pathology, and restore kidney function in lupus mice and LN patients. Herein, we review the role of immune cells and cytokines in the pathogenesis of LN and the mechanisms involved, as well as the progress of research on the immunomodulatory role of MSCs in LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jicui Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Manyu Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Lou
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuexin Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Baichao Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuehong Lu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ping Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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37
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Chen PM, Tsokos GC. Mitochondria in the Pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2022; 24:88-95. [PMID: 35290598 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-022-01063-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by autoantibody production and inflammation in multiple organs. In this article, we present data on how various mitochondria pathologies are involved in the pathogenesis of the disease including the fact that they serve as a reservoir of autoantigens which contribute to the upending of lymphocyte tolerance. RECENT FINDINGS Mitochondrial DNA from various cell sources, including neutrophil extracellular traps, platelets, and red blood cells, elicits the production of type I interferon which contributes to breaking of peripheral tolerance. Mitochondrial DNA also serves as autoantigen targeted by autoantibodies. Mutations of mitochondrial DNA triggered by reactive oxygen species induce T cell cross-reactivity against self-antigens. Selective gene polymorphisms that regulate mitochondrial apoptosis in autoreactive B and T cells represent another key aspect in the induction of autoimmunity. Various mitochondrial abnormalities, including changes in mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, genetic polymorphism, mitochondrial DNA mutations, and apoptosis pathways, are each linked to different aspects of lupus pathogenesis. However, whether targeting these mitochondrial pathologies can be used to harness autoimmunity remains to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Min Chen
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - George C Tsokos
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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38
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Abstract
Follicular helper T (TFH) cells provide help to B cells, supporting the formation of germinal centres that allow affinity maturation of antibody responses. Although usually located in secondary lymphoid organs, T cells bearing features of TFH cells can also be identified in human blood, and their frequency and phenotype are often altered in people with autoimmune diseases. In this Perspective article, I discuss the increase in circulating TFH cells seen in autoimmune settings and explore potential explanations for this phenomenon. I consider the multistep regulation of TFH cell differentiation by the CTLA4 and IL-2 pathways as well as by regulatory T cells and highlight that these same pathways are crucial for regulating autoimmune diseases. The propensity of infection to serve as a cue for TFH cell differentiation and a potential trigger for autoimmune disease development is also discussed. Overall, I postulate that alterations in pathways that regulate autoimmunity are coupled to alterations in TFH cell homeostasis, suggesting that this population may serve as a core sentinel of dysregulated immunity.
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39
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Karikari AA, McFleder RL, Ribechini E, Blum R, Bruttel V, Knorr S, Gehmeyr M, Volkmann J, Brotchie JM, Ahsan F, Haack B, Monoranu CM, Keber U, Yeghiazaryan R, Pagenstecher A, Heckel T, Bischler T, Wischhusen J, Koprich JB, Lutz MB, Ip CW. Neurodegeneration by α-synuclein-specific T cells in AAV-A53T-α-synuclein Parkinson's disease mice. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 101:194-210. [PMID: 35032575 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antigen-specific neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration are characteristic for neuroimmunological diseases. In Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis, α-synuclein is a known culprit. Evidence for α-synuclein-specific T cell responses was recently obtained in PD. Still, a causative link between these α-synuclein responses and dopaminergic neurodegeneration had been lacking. We thus addressed the functional relevance of α-synuclein-specific immune responses in PD in a mouse model. METHODS We utilized a mouse model of PD in which an Adeno-associated Vector 1/2 serotype (AAV1/2) expressing human mutated A53T-α-Synuclein was stereotactically injected into the substantia nigra (SN) of either wildtype C57BL/6 or Recombination-activating gene 1 (RAG1)-/- mice. Brain, spleen, and lymph node tissues from different time points following injection were then analyzed via FACS, cytokine bead assay, immunohistochemistry and RNA-sequencing to determine the role of T cells and inflammation in this model. Bone marrow transfer from either CD4+/CD8-, CD4-/CD8+, or CD4+/CD8+ (JHD-/-) mice into the RAG-1-/- mice was also employed. In addition to the in vivo studies, a newly developed A53T-α-synuclein-expressing neuronal cell culture/immune cell assay was utilized. RESULTS AAV-based overexpression of pathogenic human A53T-α-synuclein in dopaminergic neurons of the SN stimulated T cell infiltration. RNA-sequencing of immune cells from PD mouse brains confirmed a pro-inflammatory gene profile. T cell responses were directed against A53T-α-synuclein-peptides in the vicinity of position 53 (68-78) and surrounding the pathogenically relevant S129 (120-134). T cells were required for α-synuclein-induced neurodegeneration in vivo and in vitro, while B cell deficiency did not protect from dopaminergic neurodegeneration. CONCLUSIONS Using T cell and/or B cell deficient mice and a newly developed A53T-α-synuclein-expressing neuronal cell culture/immune cell assay, we confirmed in vivo and in vitro that pathogenic α-synuclein peptide-specific T cell responses can cause dopaminergic neurodegeneration and thereby contribute to PD-like pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akua A Karikari
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rhonda L McFleder
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Eliana Ribechini
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Robert Blum
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Valentin Bruttel
- Section for Experimental Tumor Immunology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Knorr
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mona Gehmeyr
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jens Volkmann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jonathan M Brotchie
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Fadhil Ahsan
- Section for Experimental Tumor Immunology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Beatrice Haack
- Section for Experimental Tumor Immunology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Camelia-Maria Monoranu
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Neuropathology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ursula Keber
- Department of Neuropathology, Philipps University and University Hospital of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Rima Yeghiazaryan
- Department of Neuropathology, Philipps University and University Hospital of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Axel Pagenstecher
- Department of Neuropathology, Philipps University and University Hospital of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Heckel
- Core Unit Systems Medicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Bischler
- Core Unit Systems Medicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Wischhusen
- Section for Experimental Tumor Immunology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - James B Koprich
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Manfred B Lutz
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Chi Wang Ip
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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40
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Wu H, Deng Y, Long D, Yang M, Li Q, Feng Y, Chen Y, Qiu H, Huang X, He Z, Hu L, Yin H, Li G, Guo Y, Du W, Zhao M, Lu L, Lu Q. The IL-21-TET2-AIM2-c-MAF pathway drives the T follicular helper cell response in lupus-like disease. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e781. [PMID: 35343082 PMCID: PMC8958352 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that involves T follicular helper (TFH ) cell-mediated humoral immune responses. Absent in melanoma 2 (human AIM2 and murine Aim2) is a well-known component of the inflammasome in the innate immune system. Surprisingly, we observed that in SLE patients, upregulated levels of AIM2 expression were found in peripheral blood and skin lesions, with the highest levels detected in TFH -like cells. In the CD4cre Aim2fl/fl conditional knockout mice, a markedly reduced TFH cell response was observed, with significantly lower levels of serum autoantibodies and proteinuria, as well as profoundly reduced renal IgG deposition in pristane-induced lupus mice. Mechanistically, IL-21 was found to recruit hydroxymethyltransferase ten-eleven translocation 2 (TET2) to the AIM2 promoter, resulting in DNA demethylation and increased transcription of AIM2. In addition, AIM2 could regulate c-MAF expression to enhance IL-21 production, which consequently promoted TFH cell differentiation. Our results have identified a role of AIM2 in promoting the TFH cell response and further revealed that the IL-21-TET2-AIM2-c-MAF signalling pathway is dysregulated in lupus pathogenesis, which provides a potential therapeutic target for SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijing Wu
- Department of DermatologySecond Xiangya HospitalHunan Key Laboratory of Medical EpigenomicsCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Yaxiong Deng
- Department of DermatologySecond Xiangya HospitalHunan Key Laboratory of Medical EpigenomicsCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Di Long
- Department of DermatologySecond Xiangya HospitalHunan Key Laboratory of Medical EpigenomicsCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of DermatologySecond Xiangya HospitalHunan Key Laboratory of Medical EpigenomicsCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Qianwen Li
- Department of DermatologySecond Xiangya HospitalHunan Key Laboratory of Medical EpigenomicsCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Yu Feng
- Department of DermatologySecond Xiangya HospitalHunan Key Laboratory of Medical EpigenomicsCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Yongjian Chen
- Department of DermatologySecond Xiangya HospitalHunan Key Laboratory of Medical EpigenomicsCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Hong Qiu
- Department of DermatologySecond Xiangya HospitalHunan Key Laboratory of Medical EpigenomicsCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of DermatologySecond Xiangya HospitalHunan Key Laboratory of Medical EpigenomicsCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Zhenghao He
- Department of DermatologySecond Xiangya HospitalHunan Key Laboratory of Medical EpigenomicsCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Longyuan Hu
- Department of DermatologySecond Xiangya HospitalHunan Key Laboratory of Medical EpigenomicsCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Heng Yin
- Department of DermatologySecond Xiangya HospitalHunan Key Laboratory of Medical EpigenomicsCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Guangdi Li
- Department of Public HealthCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Yunkai Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgerySecond Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Wenhan Du
- Department of Pathology and Center for Infection and ImmunologyThe University of Hong KongChongqing International Institute for ImmunologyHong KongChina
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of DermatologySecond Xiangya HospitalHunan Key Laboratory of Medical EpigenomicsCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Liwei Lu
- Department of Pathology and Center for Infection and ImmunologyThe University of Hong KongChongqing International Institute for ImmunologyHong KongChina
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Department of DermatologySecond Xiangya HospitalHunan Key Laboratory of Medical EpigenomicsCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeInstitute of DermatologyNanjingChina
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune‐Mediated Skin DiseasesNanjingChina
- Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesJiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIsNanjingChina
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Park JS, Yang S, Hwang SH, Choi J, Kwok SK, Kong YY, Youn J, Cho ML, Park SH. B cell-specific deletion of Crif1 drives lupus-like autoimmunity by activation of IL-17, IL-6, and pathogenic Tfh cells. Arthritis Rheumatol 2022; 74:1211-1222. [PMID: 35166061 DOI: 10.1002/art.42091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE CR6-interacting factor 1 (Crif1) is a nuclear transcriptional regulator and a mitochondrial inner membrane protein; however, its functions in B lymphocytes have been poorly defined. In this study, we investigated the effects of Crif1 on B-cell metabolic regulation, cell function, and autoimmune diseases. METHODS Using mice with B cell-specific deletion of Crif1 (Crif1ΔCD19 ), we assessed the relevance of Crif1 function for lupus disease parameters including anti-double-stranded DNA, cytokines, and kidney pathology. RNA sequencing was performed on B cells from Crif1ΔCD19 mice. The phenotypic and metabolic changes in immune cells were evaluated in Crif1ΔCD19 mice. Roquinsan/+ mice crossed with Crif1ΔCD19 mice were monitored to assess the functionality of Crif1-deficient B cells in lupus development. RESULTS Crif1ΔCD19 mice showed an autoimmune lupus-like phenotype, including high levels of autoantibodies to double-stranded DNA and severe lupus nephritis with increased mesangial hypercellularity. While loss of Crif1 in B cells showed impaired mitochondrial oxidative function, Crif1-deficient B cells promoted the production of IL-17 and IL-6 and was more potent in helping T cells develop into T follicular helper cells. In an autoimmune lupus mouse model, depletion of Crif1 in B cells exacerbated lupus severity and Crif1 overexpression prevented lupus development in Roquinsan/san mice. CONCLUSION These results showed that Crif1 was negatively correlated with disease severity, and overexpression of Crif1 ameliorated disease development. Our findings suggest that Crif1 is essential for preventing lupus development by maintaining B cell self-tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Sil Park
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - SeungCheon Yang
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Hwang
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - JeongWon Choi
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ki Kwok
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Divison of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Yun Kong
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeehee Youn
- Laboratory of Autoimmunology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | - Mi-La Cho
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Lifescience, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Park
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Divison of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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42
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Gowthaman U, Sikder S, Lee D, Fisher C. T follicular helper cells in IgE-mediated pathologies. Curr Opin Immunol 2022; 74:133-139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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43
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Lu J, Kang X, Wang Z, Zhao G, Jiang B. The activity level of follicular helper T cells in the peripheral blood of osteosarcoma patients is associated with poor prognosis. Bioengineered 2022; 13:3751-3759. [PMID: 35081874 PMCID: PMC8974108 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2031387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is solid tumors with high malignancy and incidence starting in the bones. OS pathogenesis has been proved to be closely associated with immune imbalance, and follicular helper T cells (Tfh) significantly affect host humoral immune homeostasis. However, there are few reports on the effect of Tfh cell activation on the prognosis of OS patients. Hence, this investigation on the changes in the proportion of peripheral blood Tfh cells in OS patients, and the relationship between their activity level and OS prognosis. We collected peripheral blood from patients with OS, benign bone tumor (BT group) and healthy subjects (Healthy group), respectively. The number of CD4+CXCR5+ Tfh cell in peripheral blood was measured by flow cytometry and correlation analysis between its activity and OS clinicopathological characteristics was carried out. The data showed that in comparison with the BT and Healthy groups, higher proportion and activation level of peripheral blood CD4+CXCR5+ Tfh cells in CD4+ T cells were found in the OS group. In OS patients, increases of the proportion and activity level of Tfh cells were associated with poorly differentiated OS and tumor metastasis. Additionally, Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analysis showed a longer overall survival in patients with low proportion of peripheral blood CD4+CXCR5+ Tfh cells in CD4+ T cells, and their activation level may be a prognostic factor in OS patients. In conclusion, peripheral blood CD4+CXCR5+ Tfh cell activation in OS patients was associated with a poor prognosis. This study provided ideas for improving the clinical treatment of OS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianshu Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, China
| | - Xiuqin Kang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, China
| | - Zhitao Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, China
| | - Baoen Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, China
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44
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Shiozawa S, Tsumiyama K, Miyazaki Y, Uto K, Sakurai K, Nakashima T, Matsuyama H, Doi A, Tarui M, Izumikawa M, Kimura M, Fujita Y, Satonaka C, Horiuchi T, Matsubara T, Oribe M, Yamane T, Kagawa H, Li QZ, Mizuno K, Mukai Y, Murakami K, Enya T, Tsukimoto S, Hakata Y, Miyazawa M, Shiozawa K. DOCK8-expressing T follicular helper cells newly generated beyond self-organized criticality cause systemic lupus erythematosus. iScience 2022; 25:103537. [PMID: 34977502 PMCID: PMC8689056 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogens including autoantigens all failed to induce systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We, instead, studied the integrity of host's immune response that recognized pathogen. By stimulating TCR with an antigen repeatedly to levels that surpass host's steady-state response, self-organized criticality, SLE was induced in mice normally not prone to autoimmunity, wherein T follicular helper (Tfh) cells expressing the guanine nucleotide exchange factor DOCK8 on the cell surface were newly generated. DOCK8+Tfh cells passed through TCR re-revision and induced varieties of autoantibody and lupus lesions. They existed in splenic red pulp and peripheral blood of active lupus patients, which subsequently declined after therapy. Autoantibodies and disease were healed by anti-DOCK8 antibody in the mice including SLE-model (NZBxNZW) F1 mice. Thus, DOCK8+Tfh cells generated after repeated TCR stimulation by immunogenic form of pathogen, either exogenous or endogenous, in combination with HLA to levels that surpass system's self-organized criticality, cause SLE. Autoimmunity seldom takes place under integrated steady-state immune response Repeated invasion by pathogen, such as measles virus, is not exceptional but routine in life DOCK8+Tfh is generated upon TCR overstimulation by pathogen beyond self-organized criticality Newly generated DOCK8+Tfh induces autoantibodies and SLE, i.e., autoimmunity
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunichi Shiozawa
- Institute for Rheumatic Diseases, 944-25 Fujita, Katoshi 673-1462, Japan.,Department of Medicine, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, 4546 Tsurumihara, Beppu 874-0838, Japan.,Division of Bioregulation, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Sumaku, Kobe 654-0142, Japan.,Department of Medicine, Rheumatology and Orthopedic Surgery, Matsubara Mayflower Hospital, 944-25 Fujita, Katoshi 673-1462, Japan
| | - Ken Tsumiyama
- Institute for Rheumatic Diseases, 944-25 Fujita, Katoshi 673-1462, Japan.,Department of Medicine, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, 4546 Tsurumihara, Beppu 874-0838, Japan.,Division of Bioregulation, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Sumaku, Kobe 654-0142, Japan.,Department of Medicine, Rheumatology and Orthopedic Surgery, Matsubara Mayflower Hospital, 944-25 Fujita, Katoshi 673-1462, Japan
| | - Yumi Miyazaki
- Department of Medicine, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, 4546 Tsurumihara, Beppu 874-0838, Japan.,Division of Bioregulation, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Sumaku, Kobe 654-0142, Japan
| | - Kenichi Uto
- Division of Bioregulation, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Sumaku, Kobe 654-0142, Japan
| | - Keiichi Sakurai
- Institute for Rheumatic Diseases, 944-25 Fujita, Katoshi 673-1462, Japan.,Department of Medicine, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, 4546 Tsurumihara, Beppu 874-0838, Japan
| | - Toshie Nakashima
- Division of Bioregulation, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Sumaku, Kobe 654-0142, Japan
| | - Hiroko Matsuyama
- Division of Bioregulation, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Sumaku, Kobe 654-0142, Japan
| | - Ai Doi
- Division of Bioregulation, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Sumaku, Kobe 654-0142, Japan
| | - Miho Tarui
- Division of Bioregulation, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Sumaku, Kobe 654-0142, Japan
| | - Manabu Izumikawa
- Division of Bioregulation, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Sumaku, Kobe 654-0142, Japan
| | - Mai Kimura
- Division of Bioregulation, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Sumaku, Kobe 654-0142, Japan
| | - Yuko Fujita
- Division of Bioregulation, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Sumaku, Kobe 654-0142, Japan
| | - Chisako Satonaka
- Division of Bioregulation, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Sumaku, Kobe 654-0142, Japan
| | - Takahiko Horiuchi
- Department of Medicine, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, 4546 Tsurumihara, Beppu 874-0838, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Matsubara
- Department of Medicine, Rheumatology and Orthopedic Surgery, Matsubara Mayflower Hospital, 944-25 Fujita, Katoshi 673-1462, Japan
| | - Motohiro Oribe
- Oribe Clinic, 1-8-15 Higashi-Odori, Oita 870-0823, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamane
- Department of Rheumatology, Kakogawa City Hospital, 439 Honmachi, Kakogawa 675-8611, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Kagawa
- Department of Medicine, Red Cross Society Himeji Hospital, 1-12-1 Shimoteno, Himeji 670-8540, Japan
| | - Quan-Zhen Li
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Road/ND 6.504, Dallas, TX 75390-8814, USA
| | - Keiko Mizuno
- Drug Discovery Platform, KAN Research Institute, Inc., 6-8-2 Minatojimaminamicho, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yohei Mukai
- Drug Discovery Platform, KAN Research Institute, Inc., 6-8-2 Minatojimaminamicho, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Murakami
- Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsujima, Aobaku 981-8558, Japan
| | - Takuji Enya
- Department of Immunology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Shota Tsukimoto
- Department of Immunology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Hakata
- Department of Immunology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Masaaki Miyazawa
- Department of Immunology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan.,Kindai University Anti-Aging Center, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Kazuko Shiozawa
- Department of Medicine, Rheumatology and Orthopedic Surgery, Matsubara Mayflower Hospital, 944-25 Fujita, Katoshi 673-1462, Japan.,Rheumatology and Collagen Disease Center, Hyogo Prefectural Kakogawa Medical Center, 203 Kanno, Kakogawa 675-8555, Japan
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Kumar D, Prince C, Bennett CM, Briones M, Lucas L, Russell A, Patel K, Chonat S, Graciaa S, Edington H, White MH, Kobrynski L, Abdalgani M, Parikh S, Chandra S, Bleesing J, Marsh R, Park S, Waller EK, Prahalad S, Chandrakasan S. T-follicular helper cell expansion and chronic T-cell activation are characteristic immune anomalies in Evans syndrome. Blood 2022; 139:369-383. [PMID: 34424963 PMCID: PMC8777200 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021012924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric Evans syndrome (pES) is increasingly identified as the presenting manifestation of several inborn errors of immunity. Despite an improved understanding of genetic defects in pES, the underlying immunobiology of pES is poorly defined, and characteristic diagnostic immune parameters are lacking. We describe the immune characteristics of 24 patients with pES and compared them with 22 patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenia (cITP) and 24 healthy controls (HCs). Compared with patients with cITP and HC, patients with pES had increased circulating T-follicular helper cells (cTfh), increased T-cell activation, and decreased naïve CD4+ T cells for age. Despite normal or high immunoglobulin G (IgG) in most pES at presentation, class-switched memory B cells were decreased. Within the cTfh subset, we noted features of postactivation exhaustion with upregulation of several canonical checkpoint inhibitors. T-cell receptor β chain (TCR-β) repertoire analysis of cTfh cells revealed increased oligoclonality in patients with pES compared with HCs. Among patients with pES, those without a known gene defect had a similar characteristic immune abnormality as patients with defined genetic defects. Similarly, patients with pES with normal IgG had similar T-cell abnormalities as patients with low IgG. Because genetic defects have been identified in less than half of patients with pES, our findings of similar immune abnormalities across all patients with pES help establish a common characteristic immunopathology in pES, irrespective of the underlying genetic etiology.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune/immunology
- Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune/pathology
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Female
- Humans
- Infant
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Male
- Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/immunology
- Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/pathology
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/pathology
- Thrombocytopenia/immunology
- Thrombocytopenia/pathology
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumar
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorder Center, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Chengyu Prince
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorder Center, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Carolyn M Bennett
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorder Center, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Michael Briones
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorder Center, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Laura Lucas
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorder Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta; GA
| | - Athena Russell
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Kiran Patel
- Allergy/Immunology Section, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Satheesh Chonat
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorder Center, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Sara Graciaa
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorder Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta; GA
| | - Holly Edington
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorder Center, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Michael H White
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorder Center, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Lisa Kobrynski
- Allergy/Immunology Section, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | | | - Suhag Parikh
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorder Center, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Sharat Chandra
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Jack Bleesing
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Rebecca Marsh
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Sunita Park
- Department of Pathology, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA
| | - Edmund K Waller
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; and
| | - Sampath Prahalad
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Shanmuganathan Chandrakasan
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorder Center, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
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46
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Spontaneous CD4+ T Cell Activation and Differentiation in Lupus-Prone B6.Nba2 Mice Is IFNAR-Independent. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020874. [PMID: 35055071 PMCID: PMC8778657 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by dysregulated T and B lymphocytes. Type I interferons (IFN-I) have been shown to play important pathogenic roles in both SLE patients and mouse models of lupus. Recent studies have shown that B cell intrinsic responses to IFN-I are enough to drive B cell differentiation into autoantibody-secreting memory B cells and plasma cells, although lower levels of residual auto-reactive cells remain present. We speculated that IFN-I stimulation of T cells would similarly drive specific T-cell associated lupus phenotypes including the upregulation of T follicular helper cells and Th17, thereby affecting autoantibody production and the development of glomerulonephritis. Using the B6.Nba2 mouse model of lupus, we evaluated disease parameters in T cell specific IFN-I receptor (IFNAR)-deficient mice (cKO). Surprisingly, all measured CD4+ T cell abnormalities and associated intra-splenic cytokine levels (IFNγ, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, IL-21) were unchanged and thus independent of IFN-I. In contrast B6.Nba2 cKO mice displayed reduced levels of effector CD8+ T cells and increased levels of Foxp3+ CD8+ regulatory T cells, suggesting that IFN-I induced signaling specifically affecting CD8+ T cells. These data suggest a role for both pathogenic and immunosuppressive CD8+ T cells in Nba2-driven autoimmunity, providing a model to further evaluate the role of these cell subsets during lupus-like disease development in vivo.
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47
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Xie MM, Dent AL. Assessing In Vivo T Cell-Dependent Antigen-Specific Antibody Responses. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2380:165-174. [PMID: 34802130 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1736-6_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Antibodies produced by plasma cells are a major arm of adaptive immunity. Germinal center reactions that include germinal center B cells and follicular T cells are fundamental players for antibody production, particularly antigen specific antibodies. Here we describe multiple methods that we and others have developed to analyze the production of antigen-specific antibodies in mice, with protocols for assessing antibody affinity and antibody isotype. The detection of antigen-specific IgE in serum using a traditional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method is often problematic due to much higher amounts of IgG. Thus we provide a specialized protocol for the detection of antigen-specific IgE in serum using ELISA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus M Xie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Immunology Discovery, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alexander L Dent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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48
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Cui D, Tang Y, Jiang Q, Jiang D, Zhang Y, Lv Y, Xu D, Wu J, Xie J, Wen C, Lu L. Follicular Helper T Cells in the Immunopathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:731100. [PMID: 34603308 PMCID: PMC8481693 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.731100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a serious infectious disease that has led to a global pandemic with high morbidity and mortality. High-affinity neutralizing antibody is important for controlling infection, which is closely regulated by follicular helper T (Tfh) cells. Tfh cells play a central role in promoting germinal center reactions and driving cognate B cell differentiation for antibody secretion. Available studies indicate a close relationship between virus-specific Tfh cell-mediated immunity and SARS-CoV-2 infection progression. Although several lines of evidence have suggested that Tfh cells contribute to the control of SARS-CoV-2 infection by eliciting neutralizing antibody productions, further studies are needed to elucidate Tfh-mediated effector mechanisms in anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunity. Here, we summarize the functional features and roles of virus-specific Tfh cells in the immunopathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and in COVID-19 vaccines, and highlight the potential of targeting Tfh cells as therapeutic strategy against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Cui
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Tang
- Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China.,Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, Chongqing, China
| | - Qi Jiang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, China
| | - Daixi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Lv
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dandan Xu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jue Xie
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengping Wen
- School of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liwei Lu
- Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China.,Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, Chongqing, China
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49
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Nakayamada S, Tanaka Y. Clinical relevance of T follicular helper cells in systemic lupus erythematosus. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2021; 17:1143-1150. [PMID: 34469695 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2021.1976146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION T helper cells regulate a variety of immune responses and are involved in the pathogenesis of infection, allergy and autoimmune diseases. T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, which induce B cell maturation, play an important role in the production of the extremely diverse autoantibodies found in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). AREA COVERED We provide an overview of the plasticity and diversity of Tfh cells in humans and their involvement in the pathology and pathogenesis of SLE. Our review outlines the potential of Tfh cells as a therapeutic target for SLE. EXPERT OPINION Tfh cells are involved in the pathogenesis of SLE based on their plasticity and diversity. Tfh cell differentiation and function are variably regulated by cytokines (IL-12, interferons, IL-2, etc), co-stimulatory molecules (ICOS, CD40L, OX40, etc), and intracellular signals (JAK-STAT, etc). Elucidation of the mechanisms underlying Tfh cell differentiation and function may lead to the development of new therapies for SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Nakayamada
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Tanaka
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
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50
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Diaz-Muñoz MD, Osma-Garcia IC. The RNA regulatory programs that govern lymphocyte development and function. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2021; 13:e1683. [PMID: 34327847 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lymphocytes require of constant and dynamic changes in their transcriptome for timely activation and production of effector molecules to combat external pathogens. Synthesis and translation of messenger (m)RNAs into these effector proteins is controlled both quantitatively and qualitatively by RNA binding proteins (RBPs). RBP-dependent regulation of RNA editing, subcellular location, stability, and translation shapes immune cell development and immunity. Extensive evidences have now been gathered from few model RBPs, HuR, PTBP1, ZFP36, and Roquin. However, recently developed methodologies for global characterization of protein:RNA interactions suggest the existence of complex RNA regulatory networks in which RBPs co-ordinately regulate the fate of sets of RNAs controlling cellular pathways and functions. In turn, RNA can also act as scaffolding of functionally related proteins modulating their activation and function. Here we review current knowledge about how RBP-dependent regulation of RNA shapes our immune system and discuss about the existence of a hidden immune cell epitranscriptome. This article is categorized under: RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein-RNA Interactions: Functional Implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel D Diaz-Muñoz
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Inserm UMR1291, CNRS UMR5051, University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Ines C Osma-Garcia
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Inserm UMR1291, CNRS UMR5051, University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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