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Tisoncik-Go J, Lewis TB, Whitmore LS, Voss K, Niemeyer S, Dai J, Kim P, Hubbell K, Iwayama N, Ahrens C, Wangari S, Murnane R, Edlefsen PT, Guerriero KA, Gale M, Fuller DH, O’Connor MA. Persistent innate immune dysfunction and ZIKV replication in the gastrointestinal tract during SIV infection in pigtail macaques. Front Immunol 2025; 16:1535807. [PMID: 40103823 PMCID: PMC11913663 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1535807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2025] [Indexed: 03/20/2025] Open
Abstract
Mosquito-borne flaviviruses, including dengue (DENV) and Zika (ZIKV) viruses, have caused widespread epidemics in areas with high HIV prevalence, partly due to the expanded geographic range of arthropod vectors. Despite the occurrence of large flavivirus outbreaks in areas with high HIV prevalence, little is known about the effects of flavivirus infection in people living with HIV (PLWH). Here, we use a pigtail macaque model of HIV/AIDS to investigate the impact of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-induced immunosuppression on ZIKV replication and pathogenesis. During acute SIV infection, peripheral ZIKV cellular targets expanded and innate immune activation increased. In vitro, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from SIV infected pigtail macaques were less permissive to ZIKV infection. In vivo, ZIKV viremia was delayed and ZIKV was more persistent in the gastrointestinal tissues of SIV-ZIKV co-infected animals. This persistence was associated with changes in innate cellular (monocytes, neutrophils) recruitment to the blood and tissues, reduced anti-ZIKV immunity, and sustained expression of peripheral inflammatory and innate immune genes. Collectively, these findings uniquely suggest that untreated SIV infection may promote inflammatory cellular innate responses and create a state of persistent immune activation that contributes to prolonged ZIKV viremia and persistence in the gastrointestinal tract. Furthermore, these results suggest that PLWH and other immunocompromised individuals could be at higher risk for prolonged ZIKV infection, potentially extending the window of ZIKV transmission. These insights highlight the importance of including PLWH in strategies for deploying vaccines and treatments against ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Tisoncik-Go
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease (CIIID), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Thomas B. Lewis
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Leanne S. Whitmore
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kathleen Voss
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Skyler Niemeyer
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jin Dai
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Paul Kim
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kai Hubbell
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Naoto Iwayama
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Chul Ahrens
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Solomon Wangari
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Robert Murnane
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Paul T. Edlefsen
- Biostatistics Bioinformatics and Epidemiology (BBE), Program of the Vaccine and Infectious Disease (ViDD) Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kathryn A. Guerriero
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Michael Gale
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease (CIIID), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute on Infectious Diseases, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Deborah H. Fuller
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Megan A. O’Connor
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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2
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Yamazaki T, Iwasaki K, Tomono S, Imai M, Miwa Y, Shizuku M, Ashimine S, Ishiyama K, Inui M, Okuzaki D, Okada M, Kobayashi T, Akashi-Takamura S. Human RP105 monoclonal antibody enhances antigen-specific antibody production in unique culture conditions. iScience 2024; 27:110649. [PMID: 39246445 PMCID: PMC11380396 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Detecting antibodies, particularly those targeting donor human leukocyte antigens in organ transplantation and self-antigens in autoimmune diseases, is crucial for diagnosis and therapy. Radioprotective 105 (RP105), a Toll-like receptor family protein, is expressed in immune-competent cells, such as B cells. Studies in mice have shown that the anti-mouse RP105 antibody strongly activates B cells and triggers an adjuvant effect against viral infections. However, the anti-human RP105 antibody (ɑhRP105) weakly activates human B cells. This study established new culture conditions under, which human B cells are strongly activated by the ɑhRP105. When combined with CpGDNA, specific antibody production against blood group carbohydrates, ɑGal, and SARS-CoV-2 was successfully detected in human B cell cultures. Furthermore, comprehensive analysis using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry, single-cell RNA sequencing, and quantitative real-time PCR revealed that ɑhRP105 triggered a different activation stimulus compared to CpGDNA. These findings could help identify antibody-producing B cells in cases of transplant rejection and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Yamazaki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kenta Iwasaki
- Department of Kidney Diseases and Transplant Immunology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Susumu Tomono
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masaki Imai
- Department of Medical Technology and Sciences, Kyoto Tachibana University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuko Miwa
- Department of Kidney Diseases and Transplant Immunology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masato Shizuku
- Department of Renal Transplant Surgery, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ashimine
- Department of Renal Transplant Surgery, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kohei Ishiyama
- Department of Renal Transplant Surgery, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masanori Inui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Daisuke Okuzaki
- Laboratory of Human Immunology (Single Cell Genomics), WPI-IFReC, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Manabu Okada
- Department of Transplant and Endocrine Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Aichi Medical Center Nagoya Daini Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takaaki Kobayashi
- Department of Renal Transplant Surgery, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Sachiko Akashi-Takamura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
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3
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Tisoncik-Go J, Lewis TB, Whitmore LS, Voss K, Niemeyer S, Dai J, Kim P, Hubbell K, Iwayama N, Ahrens C, Wangari S, Murnane R, Edlefsen PT, Guerriero KA, Gale M, Fuller DH, O'Connor MA. Chronic innate immune impairment and ZIKV persistence in the gastrointestinal tract during SIV infection in pigtail macaques. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.23.609309. [PMID: 39229223 PMCID: PMC11370579 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.23.609309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Mosquito borne flaviviruses, including dengue (DENV) and Zika (ZIKV) viruses, have caused global epidemics in areas with high HIV prevalence due to the expanded geographic range of arthropod vectors. Despite the occurrence of large flavivirus outbreaks in countries with high HIV prevalence, there is little knowledge regarding the effects of flavivirus infection in people living with HIV (PLWH). Here, we use a pigtail macaque model of HIV/AIDS to investigate the impact of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-induced immunosuppression on ZIKV replication and pathogenesis. Early acute SIV infection induced expansion of peripheral ZIKV cellular targets and increased innate immune activation and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from SIV infected macaques were less permissive to ZIKV infection in vitro. In SIV-ZIKV co-infected animals, we found increased persistence of ZIKV in the periphery and tissues corresponding to alterations in innate cellular (monocytes, neutrophils) recruitment to the blood and tissues, decreased anti-ZIKV immunity, and chronic peripheral inflammatory and innate immune gene expression. Collectively, these findings suggest that untreated SIV infection may impair cellular innate responses and create an environment of chronic immune activation that promotes prolonged ZIKV viremia and persistence in the gastrointestinal tract. These results suggest that PLWH or other immunocompromised individuals could be at a higher risk for chronic ZIKV replication, which in turn could increase the timeframe of ZIKV transmission. Thus, PLWH are important populations to target during the deployment of vaccine and treatment strategies against ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Tisoncik-Go
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington (Seattle, Washington)
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington (Seattle, Washington)
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease (CIIID), University of Washington (Seattle, Washington)
| | - Thomas B Lewis
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington (Seattle, Washington)
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington (Seattle, Washington)
| | - Leanne S Whitmore
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington (Seattle, Washington)
| | - Kathleen Voss
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington (Seattle, Washington)
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington (Seattle, Washington)
| | - Skyler Niemeyer
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington (Seattle, Washington)
| | - Jin Dai
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington (Seattle, Washington)
| | - Paul Kim
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington (Seattle, Washington)
| | - Kai Hubbell
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington (Seattle, Washington)
| | - Naoto Iwayama
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington (Seattle, Washington)
| | - Chul Ahrens
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington (Seattle, Washington)
| | - Solomon Wangari
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington (Seattle, Washington)
| | - Robert Murnane
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington (Seattle, Washington)
| | | | - Kathryn A Guerriero
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington (Seattle, Washington)
| | - Michael Gale
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington (Seattle, Washington)
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington (Seattle, Washington)
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease (CIIID), University of Washington (Seattle, Washington)
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington (Seattle, Washington)
| | - Deborah H Fuller
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington (Seattle, Washington)
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington (Seattle, Washington)
| | - Megan A O'Connor
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington (Seattle, Washington)
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington (Seattle, Washington)
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Hjálmsdóttir Á, Hasler F, Waeckerle-Men Y, Duda A, López-Deber MP, Pihlgren M, Vukicevic M, Kündig TM, Johansen P. T cell independent antibody responses with class switch and memory using peptides anchored on liposomes. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:115. [PMID: 38909055 PMCID: PMC11193769 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00902-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccines generally require T lymphocytes for B-cell activation and immunoglobulin class switching in response to peptide or protein antigens. In the absence of T cells, limited IgG class switch takes place, germinal centers are short-lived, and the B cells lack memory. Here, immunization of mice with liposomes containing 15mer peptides and monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) as adjuvant, induced T-cell independent (TI) IgG class switch within three days, as well as germinal center formation. The antibody responses were long-lived, strictly dependent on Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling, partly dependent on Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) signal transmission, and independent of signaling through T-cell receptors, MHC class II and inflammasome. The antibody response showed characteristics of both TI type 1 and TI type 2. All IgG subclasses could be boosted months after primary immunization, and the biological function of the secreted antibodies was demonstrated in murine models of allergic anaphylaxis and of bacterial infection. Moreover, antibody responses after immunization with peptide- and MPLA-loaded liposomes could be triggered in neonatal mice and in mice receiving immune-suppressants. This study demonstrates T-cell independent endogenous B-cell memory and recall responses in vivo using a peptide antigen. The stimulation of these antibody responses required a correct and dense assembly and administration of peptide and adjuvant on the surface of liposomes. In the future, TI vaccines may prove beneficial in pathological conditions in which T-cell immunity is compromised through disease or medicines or when rapid, antibody-mediated immune protection is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabio Hasler
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Agathe Duda
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Maria Pihlgren
- AC Immune SA, EPFL Innovation Park EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Thomas M Kündig
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pål Johansen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Blengio F, Hocini H, Richert L, Lefebvre C, Durand M, Hejblum B, Tisserand P, McLean C, Luhn K, Thiebaut R, Levy Y. Identification of early gene expression profiles associated with long-lasting antibody responses to the Ebola vaccine Ad26.ZEBOV/MVA-BN-Filo. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113101. [PMID: 37691146 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ebola virus disease is a severe hemorrhagic fever with a high fatality rate. We investigate transcriptome profiles at 3 h, 1 day, and 7 days after vaccination with Ad26.ZEBOV and MVA-BN-Filo. 3 h after Ad26.ZEBOV injection, we observe an increase in genes related to antigen presentation, sensing, and T and B cell receptors. The highest response occurs 1 day after Ad26.ZEBOV injection, with an increase of the gene expression of interferon-induced antiviral molecules, monocyte activation, and sensing receptors. This response is regulated by the HESX1, ATF3, ANKRD22, and ETV7 transcription factors. A plasma cell signature is observed on day 7 post-Ad26.ZEBOV vaccination, with an increase of CD138, MZB1, CD38, CD79A, and immunoglobulin genes. We have identified early expressed genes correlated with the magnitude of the antibody response 21 days after the MVA-BN-Filo and 364 days after Ad26.ZEBOV vaccinations. Our results provide early gene signatures that correlate with vaccine-induced Ebola virus glycoprotein-specific antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Blengio
- Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U955, Team 16, Créteil, France
| | - Hakim Hocini
- Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U955, Team 16, Créteil, France
| | - Laura Richert
- Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U955, Team 16, Créteil, France; University Bordeaux, Department of Public Health, INSERM Bordeaux Population Health Research Centre, Inria SISTM, UMR 1219, Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Pôle de Santé Publique, Service d'Information Médicale, Bordeaux, France
| | - Cécile Lefebvre
- Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U955, Team 16, Créteil, France
| | - Mélany Durand
- University Bordeaux, Department of Public Health, INSERM Bordeaux Population Health Research Centre, Inria SISTM, UMR 1219, Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Pôle de Santé Publique, Service d'Information Médicale, Bordeaux, France
| | - Boris Hejblum
- Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U955, Team 16, Créteil, France; University Bordeaux, Department of Public Health, INSERM Bordeaux Population Health Research Centre, Inria SISTM, UMR 1219, Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Pôle de Santé Publique, Service d'Information Médicale, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pascaline Tisserand
- Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U955, Team 16, Créteil, France
| | - Chelsea McLean
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention, B.V. Archimediesweg, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Kerstin Luhn
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention, B.V. Archimediesweg, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Rodolphe Thiebaut
- Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U955, Team 16, Créteil, France; University Bordeaux, Department of Public Health, INSERM Bordeaux Population Health Research Centre, Inria SISTM, UMR 1219, Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Pôle de Santé Publique, Service d'Information Médicale, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Yves Levy
- Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U955, Team 16, Créteil, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, Service Immunologie Clinique, Créteil, France.
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6
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Salerno F, Howden AJM, Matheson LS, Gizlenci Ö, Screen M, Lingel H, Brunner-Weinzierl MC, Turner M. An integrated proteome and transcriptome of B cell maturation defines poised activation states of transitional and mature B cells. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5116. [PMID: 37612319 PMCID: PMC10447577 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40621-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
During B cell maturation, transitional and mature B cells acquire cell-intrinsic features that determine their ability to exit quiescence and mount effective immune responses. Here we use label-free proteomics to quantify the proteome of B cell subsets from the mouse spleen and map the differential expression of environmental sensing, transcription, and translation initiation factors that define cellular identity and function. Cross-examination of the full-length transcriptome and proteome identifies mRNAs related to B cell activation and antibody secretion that are not accompanied by detection of the encoded proteins. In addition, proteomic data further suggests that the translational repressor PDCD4 restrains B cell responses, in particular those from marginal zone B cells, to a T-cell independent antigen. In summary, our molecular characterization of B cell maturation presents a valuable resource to further explore the mechanisms underpinning the specialized functions of B cell subsets, and suggest the presence of 'poised' mRNAs that enable expedited B cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiamma Salerno
- Immunology programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK.
| | | | | | - Özge Gizlenci
- Immunology programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael Screen
- Immunology programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Holger Lingel
- Department of Experimental Pediatrics, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Martin Turner
- Immunology programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK.
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7
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Edwards K, Lydyard PM, Kulikova N, Tsertsvadze T, Volpi EV, Chiorazzi N, Porakishvili N. The role of CD180 in hematological malignancies and inflammatory disorders. Mol Med 2023; 29:97. [PMID: 37460961 PMCID: PMC10353253 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00682-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors play a significant role in the innate immune system and are also involved in the pathophysiology of many different diseases. Over the past 35 years, there have been a growing number of publications exploring the role of the orphan toll-like receptor, CD180. We therefore set out to provide a narrative review of the current evidence surrounding CD180 in both health and disease. We first explore the evidence surrounding the role of CD180 in physiology including its expression, function and signaling in antigen presenting cells (APCs) (dendritic cells, monocytes, and B cells). We particularly focus on the role of CD180 as a modulator of other TLRs including TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9. We then discuss the role of CD180 in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, as well as in hematological malignancies of B cell origin, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Based on this evidence we produce a current model for CD180 in disease and explore the potential role for CD180 as both a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target. Throughout, we highlight specific areas of research which should be addressed to further the understanding of CD180 biology and the translational potential of research into CD180 in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurtis Edwards
- School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Peter M Lydyard
- School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK.
- The University of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia.
- Division of Infection of Immunity, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Nino Kulikova
- Agricultural University of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia
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Lowe MM, Cohen JN, Moss MI, Clancy S, Adler J, Yates A, Naik HB, Pauli M, Taylor I, McKay A, Harris H, Kim E, Hansen SL, Rosenblum MD, Moreau JM. Tertiary Lymphoid Structures Sustain Cutaneous B cell Activity in Hidradenitis Suppurativa. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.14.528504. [PMID: 36824918 PMCID: PMC9949072 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.14.528504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) skin lesions are highly inflammatory and characterized by a large immune infiltrate. While B cells and plasma cells comprise a major component of this immune milieu the biology and contribution of these cells in HS pathogenesis is unclear. Objective We aimed to investigate the dynamics and microenvironmental interactions of B cells within cutaneous HS lesions. Methods We combined histological analysis, single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNAseq), and spatial transcriptomic profiling of HS lesions to define the tissue microenvironment relative to B cell activity within this disease. Results Our findings identify tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) within HS lesions and describe organized interactions between T cells, B cells, antigen presenting cells and skin stroma. We find evidence that B cells within HS TLS actively undergo maturation, including participation in germinal center reactions and class switch recombination. Moreover, skin stroma and accumulating T cells are primed to support the formation of TLS and facilitate B cell recruitment during HS. Conclusion Our data definitively demonstrate the presence of TLS in lesional HS skin and point to ongoing cutaneous B cell maturation through class switch recombination and affinity maturation during disease progression in this inflamed non-lymphoid tissue.
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9
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Qi H, Sun Z, Yao Y, Chen L, Su X. Immunogenicity of the Xcl1-SARS-CoV-2 Spike Fusion DNA Vaccine for COVID-19. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:407. [PMID: 35335039 PMCID: PMC8951015 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10030407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) variants that may evade antibody-mediated immunity are emerging. Evidence shows that vaccines with a stronger immune response are still effective against mutant strains. Here, we report a targeted type 1 conventional dendritic (cDC1) cell strategy for improved COVID-19 vaccine design. cDC1 cells specifically express X-C motif chemokine receptor 1 (Xcr1), the only receptor for chemokine Xcl1. We fused the S gene sequence with the Xcl1 gene to deliver the expressed S protein to cDC1 cells. Immunization with a plasmid encoding the S protein fused to Xcl1 showed stronger induction of antibody and antigen-specific T cell immune responses than immunization with the S plasmid alone in mice. The fusion gene-induced antibody also displayed more powerful SARS-CoV-2 wild-type virus and pseudovirus neutralizing activity. Xcl1 also increased long-lived antibody-secreting plasma cells in bone marrow. These preliminary results indicate that Xcl1 serves as a molecular adjuvant for the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and that our Xcl1-S fusion DNA vaccine is a potential COVID-19 vaccine candidate for use in further translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (H.Q.); (Z.S.)
- Hebei Immune Cell Application Engineering Research Center, Baoding Newish Technology Co., Ltd./Newish Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 100176, China;
| | - Zhongjie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (H.Q.); (Z.S.)
- Hebei Immune Cell Application Engineering Research Center, Baoding Newish Technology Co., Ltd./Newish Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 100176, China;
| | - Yanling Yao
- Hebei Immune Cell Application Engineering Research Center, Baoding Newish Technology Co., Ltd./Newish Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 100176, China;
| | - Ligong Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xuncheng Su
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (H.Q.); (Z.S.)
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10
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O’Connor MA, Erasmus JH, Randall S, Archer J, Lewis TB, Brown B, Fredericks M, Groenier S, Iwayama N, Ahrens C, Garrison W, Wangari S, Guerriero KA, Fuller DH. A Single Dose SARS-CoV-2 Replicon RNA Vaccine Induces Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infected and Uninfected Pigtail Macaques. Front Immunol 2021; 12:800723. [PMID: 34992610 PMCID: PMC8724308 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.800723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 vaccine rollout is critical for reducing SARS-CoV-2 infections, hospitalizations, and deaths worldwide. Unfortunately, massive disparities exist in getting vaccines to vulnerable populations, including people living with HIV. Preliminary studies indicate that COVID-19 mRNA vaccines are safe and immunogenic in people living with HIV that are virally suppressed with potent antiretroviral therapy but may be less efficacious in immunocompromised individuals. This raises the concern that COVID-19 vaccines may be less effective in resource poor settings with limited access to antiretroviral therapy. Here, we evaluated the immunogenicity of a single dose COVID-19 replicon RNA vaccine expressing Spike protein (A.1) from SARS-CoV-2 (repRNA-CoV2S) in immunocompromised, SIV infected and immune competent, naïve pigtail macaques. Moderate vaccine-specific cellular Th1 T-cell responses and binding and neutralizing antibodies were induced by repRNA-CoV2S in SIV infected animals and naïve animals. Furthermore, vaccine immunogenicity was elicited even among the animals with the highest SIV viral burden or lowest peripheral CD4 counts prior to immunization. This study provides evidence that a SARS-CoV-2 repRNA vaccine could be employed to induce strong immunity against COVID-19 in HIV infected and other immunocompromised individuals.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- COVID-19/immunology
- COVID-19/prevention & control
- COVID-19/virology
- COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage
- COVID-19 Vaccines/genetics
- COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Host-Pathogen Interactions
- Immunity, Cellular/drug effects
- Immunity, Humoral/drug effects
- Immunocompromised Host
- Immunogenicity, Vaccine
- Macaca nemestrina
- Male
- Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/blood
- Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology
- Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/virology
- Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/immunology
- Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/pathogenicity
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/administration & dosage
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
- Th1 Cells/drug effects
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th1 Cells/virology
- Time Factors
- Vaccination
- Vaccine Efficacy
- mRNA Vaccines/administration & dosage
- mRNA Vaccines/genetics
- mRNA Vaccines/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A. O’Connor
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jesse H. Erasmus
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- HDT Bio, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Samantha Randall
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jacob Archer
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- HDT Bio, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Thomas B. Lewis
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Brieann Brown
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Megan Fredericks
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Skyler Groenier
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Naoto Iwayama
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Chul Ahrens
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - William Garrison
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Solomon Wangari
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kathryn A. Guerriero
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Deborah H. Fuller
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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11
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Performance of Three SARS-CoV-2 Immunoassays, Three Rapid Lateral Flow Tests, and a Novel Bead-Based Affinity Surrogate Test for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Human Serum. J Clin Microbiol 2021; 59:e0031921. [PMID: 33962959 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00319-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
For the control of immunity in COVID-19 survivors and vaccinated subjects, there is an urgent need for reliable and rapid serological assays. Based on samples from 63 COVID-19 survivors up to 7 months after symptom onset, and on 50 serum samples taken before the beginning of the pandemic, we compared the performances of three commercial immunoassays for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 IgA and IgG antibodies (Euroimmun SARS-COV-2 IgA/IgG, Mikrogen recomWell SARS-CoV-2 IgA/IgG, and Serion ELISA agile SARS-CoV-2 IgA/IgG) and three rapid lateral flow (immunochromatographic) tests (Abbott PanBio COVID-19 IgG/IgM, Nadal COVID-19 IgG/IgM, and Cleartest Corona 2019-nCOV IgG/IgM) with a 50% plaque-reduction neutralization test (PRNT50) representing the gold standard. Fifty-seven out of 63 PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients (90%) showed neutralizing antibodies. The sensitivity of the seven assays ranged from 7.0% to 98.3%, and the specificity ranged from 86.0% to 100.0%. Only one commercial immunoassay showed a sensitivity and specificity of greater than 98%.
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12
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Toll-Like Receptor Homolog CD180 Expression Is Diminished on Natural Autoantibody-Producing B Cells of Patients with Autoimmune CNS Disorders. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:9953317. [PMID: 34124274 PMCID: PMC8169253 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9953317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Decreased expression of TLR homolog CD180 in peripheral blood B cells and its potential role in antibody production have been described in autoimmune diseases. Effectiveness of anti-CD20 therapy in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and multiple sclerosis (MS) strengthens the role of B cells in the pathogenesis. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the CD180 expression of peripheral blood B cell subsets in NMOSD and MS patients and analyze the levels of natural anti-citrate synthase (CS) IgG autoantibodies and IgG antibodies induced by bacterial infections reported to play a role in the pathogenesis of NMOSD or MS. Methods We analyzed the distribution and CD180 expression of peripheral blood B cell subsets, defined by CD19/CD27/IgD staining, and measured anti-CS IgM/G natural autoantibody and antibacterial IgG serum levels in NMOSD, RRMS, and healthy controls (HC). Results We found decreased naïve and increased memory B cells in NMOSD compared to MS. Among the investigated four B cell subsets, CD180 expression was exclusively decreased in CD19+CD27+IgD+ nonswitched (NS) memory B cells in both NMOSD and MS compared to HC. Furthermore, the anti-CS IgM natural autoantibody serum level was lower in both NMOSD and MS. In addition, we found a tendency of higher anti-CS IgG natural autoantibody levels only in anti-Chlamydia IgG antibody-positive NMOSD and MS patients. Conclusions Our results suggest that reduced CD180 expression of NS B cells could contribute to the deficient natural IgM autoantibody production in NMOSD and MS, whereas natural IgG autoantibody levels show an association with antibacterial antibodies.
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13
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Simon D, Erdő-Bonyár S, Rapp J, Balogh P, Minier T, Nagy G, Czirják L, Berki T. Analysis of PI3K Pathway Associated Molecules Reveals Dysregulated Innate and Adaptive Functions of B Cells in Early Diffuse Cutaneous Systemic Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062877. [PMID: 33809015 PMCID: PMC7998899 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
B cell activation is an early event in the development of systemic sclerosis (SSc). The classical activation of B cells downstream of the B-cell receptor (BCR) involves the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) pathway that integrates the effects of multiple co-stimulatory receptors. Our analysis of PI3K pathway associated molecules in peripheral blood B cells of early diffuse cutaneous SSc (dcSSc) patients showed altered mRNA expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR) homolog CD180, TLR4, complement component 3, IL-4 receptor and secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1). Parallel to this, we found elevated basal SPP1 secretion in dcSSc B cells, but, with BCR + IL-4 receptor co-stimulation, we could not induce further secretion. CD180 stimulation alone resulted in NF-κB activation in more B cells than CD180 + BCR co-stimulation both in dcSSc and healthy control (HC), but the co-engagement increased the phosphorylation of NF-κB only in dcSSc B cells. Additionally, in contrast with HC B cells, the lower basal production of IL-10 by dcSSc B cells could not be elevated with CD180 stimulation. Furthermore, activation via CD180 increased the percentage of CD86+ switched memory (CD27+IgD−) B cells in dcSSc compared to HC. Our results suggest that alternative B cell activation and CD180 dysfunction cause imbalance of regulatory mechanisms in dcSSc B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diána Simon
- Clinical Center, Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, University of Pécs Medical School, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (S.E.-B.); (J.R.); (P.B.); (T.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Szabina Erdő-Bonyár
- Clinical Center, Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, University of Pécs Medical School, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (S.E.-B.); (J.R.); (P.B.); (T.B.)
| | - Judit Rapp
- Clinical Center, Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, University of Pécs Medical School, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (S.E.-B.); (J.R.); (P.B.); (T.B.)
| | - Péter Balogh
- Clinical Center, Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, University of Pécs Medical School, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (S.E.-B.); (J.R.); (P.B.); (T.B.)
| | - Tünde Minier
- Clinical Center, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Pécs Medical School, H-7632 Pécs, Hungary; (T.M.); (G.N.); (L.C.)
| | - Gabriella Nagy
- Clinical Center, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Pécs Medical School, H-7632 Pécs, Hungary; (T.M.); (G.N.); (L.C.)
| | - László Czirják
- Clinical Center, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Pécs Medical School, H-7632 Pécs, Hungary; (T.M.); (G.N.); (L.C.)
| | - Tímea Berki
- Clinical Center, Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, University of Pécs Medical School, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (S.E.-B.); (J.R.); (P.B.); (T.B.)
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14
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Sicard T, Kassardjian A, Julien JP. B cell targeting by molecular adjuvants for enhanced immunogenicity. Expert Rev Vaccines 2020; 19:1023-1039. [PMID: 33252273 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2020.1857736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adjuvants are critical components of vaccines to improve the quality and durability of immune responses. Molecular adjuvants are a specific subclass of adjuvants where ligands of known immune-modulatory receptors are directly fused to an antigen. Co-stimulation of the B cell receptor (BCR) and immune-modulatory receptors through this strategy can augment downstream signaling to improve antibody titers and/or potency, and survival in challenge models. AREAS COVERED C3d has been the most extensively studied molecular adjuvant and shown to improve immune responses to a number of antigens. Similarly, tumor necrosis superfamily ligands, such as BAFF and APRIL, as well as CD40, CD180, and immune complex ligands can also improve humoral immunity as molecular adjuvants. EXPERT OPINION However, no single strategy has emerged that improves immune outcomes in all contexts. Thus, systematic exploration of molecular adjuvants that target B cell receptors will be required to realize their full potential as next-generation vaccine technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Sicard
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute , Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto , ON, Canada
| | - Audrey Kassardjian
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute , Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto , ON, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Julien
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute , Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto , ON, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto , ON, Canada
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15
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Yamazaki T, Biswas M, Kosugi K, Nagashima M, Inui M, Tomono S, Takagi H, Ichimonji I, Nagaoka F, Ainai A, Hasegawa H, Chiba J, Akashi-Takamura S. A Novel Gene Delivery Vector of Agonistic Anti-Radioprotective 105 Expressed on Cell Membranes Shows Adjuvant Effect for DNA Immunization Against Influenza. Front Immunol 2020; 11:606518. [PMID: 33414788 PMCID: PMC7783388 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.606518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Radioprotective 105 (RP105) (also termed CD180) is an orphan and unconventional Toll-like receptor (TLR) that lacks an intracellular signaling domain. The agonistic anti-RP105 monoclonal antibody (mAb) can cross-link RP105 on B cells, resulting in the proliferation and activation of B cells. Anti-RP105 mAb also has a potent adjuvant effect, providing higher levels of antigen-specific antibodies compared to alum. However, adjuvanticity is required for the covalent link between anti-RP105 mAb and the antigen. This is a possible obstacle to immunization due to the link between anti-RP105 mAb and some antigens, especially multi-transmembrane proteins. We have previously succeeded in inducing rapid and potent recombinant mAbs in mice using antibody gene-based delivery. To simplify the covalent link between anti-RP105 mAb and antigens, we generated genetic constructs of recombinant anti-RP105 mAb (αRP105) bound to the transmembrane domain of the IgG-B cell receptor (TM) (αRP105-TM), which could enable the anti-RP105 mAb to link the antigen via the cell membrane. We confirmed the expression of αRP105-TM and the antigen hemagglutinin, which is a membrane protein of the influenza virus, on the same cell. We also found that αRP105-TM could activate splenic B cells, including both mature and immature cells, depending on the cell surface RP105 in vitro. To evaluate the adjuvanticity of αRP105-TM, we conducted DNA immunization in mice with the plasmids encoding αRP105-TM and hemagglutinin, followed by challenge with an infection of a lethal dose of an influenza virus. We then obtained partially but significantly hemagglutinin-specific antibodies and observed protective effects against a lethal dose of influenza virus infection. The current αRP105-TM might provide adjuvanticity for a vaccine via a simple preparation of the expression plasmids encoding αRP105-TM and of that encoding the target antigen.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/genetics
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/genetics
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Surface/genetics
- Antigens, Surface/metabolism
- B-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cell Membrane/drug effects
- Cell Membrane/immunology
- Cell Membrane/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Coculture Techniques
- Gene Transfer Techniques
- Genetic Vectors
- HEK293 Cells
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/immunology
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/pharmacology
- Humans
- Hybridomas
- Immunization
- Influenza Vaccines/genetics
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Influenza Vaccines/pharmacology
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Knockout
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/immunology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/metabolism
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/prevention & control
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/virology
- Rats
- Receptors, IgG/genetics
- Receptors, IgG/immunology
- Spleen/drug effects
- Spleen/immunology
- Spleen/metabolism
- Vaccines, DNA/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Yamazaki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mrityunjoy Biswas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kouyu Kosugi
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maria Nagashima
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanori Inui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Susumu Tomono
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Takagi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Isao Ichimonji
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Nagaoka
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akira Ainai
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Hasegawa
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Joe Chiba
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachiko Akashi-Takamura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
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16
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Expression of CD180 in common B cell neoplasms using immunohistochemistry. J Hematop 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12308-020-00420-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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17
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Erasmus JH, Khandhar AP, O'Connor MA, Walls AC, Hemann EA, Murapa P, Archer J, Leventhal S, Fuller JT, Lewis TB, Draves KE, Randall S, Guerriero KA, Duthie MS, Carter D, Reed SG, Hawman DW, Feldmann H, Gale M, Veesler D, Berglund P, Fuller DH. An Alphavirus-derived replicon RNA vaccine induces SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody and T cell responses in mice and nonhuman primates. Sci Transl Med 2020; 12:eabc9396. [PMID: 32690628 PMCID: PMC7402629 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abc9396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), is having a deleterious impact on health services and the global economy, highlighting the urgent need for an effective vaccine. Such a vaccine would need to rapidly confer protection after one or two doses and would need to be manufactured using components suitable for scale up. Here, we developed an Alphavirus-derived replicon RNA vaccine candidate, repRNA-CoV2S, encoding the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein. The RNA replicons were formulated with lipid inorganic nanoparticles (LIONs) that were designed to enhance vaccine stability, delivery, and immunogenicity. We show that a single intramuscular injection of the LION/repRNA-CoV2S vaccine in mice elicited robust production of anti-SARS-CoV-2 S protein IgG antibody isotypes indicative of a type 1 T helper cell response. A prime/boost regimen induced potent T cell responses in mice including antigen-specific responses in the lung and spleen. Prime-only immunization of aged (17 months old) mice induced smaller immune responses compared to young mice, but this difference was abrogated by booster immunization. In nonhuman primates, prime-only immunization in one intramuscular injection site or prime/boost immunizations in five intramuscular injection sites elicited modest T cell responses and robust antibody responses. The antibody responses persisted for at least 70 days and neutralized SARS-CoV-2 at titers comparable to those in human serum samples collected from individuals convalescing from COVID-19. These data support further development of LION/repRNA-CoV2S as a vaccine candidate for prophylactic protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse H Erasmus
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- HDT Bio, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Amit P Khandhar
- HDT Bio, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
- PAI Life Sciences, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Megan A O'Connor
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
| | - Alexandra C Walls
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Emily A Hemann
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Patience Murapa
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jacob Archer
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- PAI Life Sciences, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Shanna Leventhal
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - James T Fuller
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Thomas B Lewis
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
| | - Kevin E Draves
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Samantha Randall
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | | | - Darrick Carter
- HDT Bio, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
- PAI Life Sciences, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Steven G Reed
- HDT Bio, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - David W Hawman
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Heinz Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Michael Gale
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - David Veesler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | - Deborah Heydenburg Fuller
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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18
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Giltiay NV, Giordano D, Clark EA. The Plasticity of Newly Formed B Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 203:3095-3104. [PMID: 31818922 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Newly formed B cells (NF-B cells) that emerge from the bone marrow to the periphery have often been referred to as immature or transitional B cells. However, NF-B cells have several striking characteristics, including a distinct BCR repertoire, high expression of AID, high sensitivity to PAMPs, and the ability to produce cytokines. A number of findings do not support their designation as immature because NF-B cells have the potential to become Ab-producing cells and to undergo class-switch recombination. In this review, we provide a fresh perspective on NF-B cell functions and describe some of the signals driving their activation. We summarize growing evidence supporting a role for NF-B cells in protection against infections and as a potential source of autoantibody-producing cells in autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V Giltiay
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109; and
| | - Daniela Giordano
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Edward A Clark
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
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19
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Erasmus JH, Khandhar AP, Walls AC, Hemann EA, O'Connor MA, Murapa P, Archer J, Leventhal S, Fuller J, Lewis T, Draves KE, Randall S, Guerriero KA, Duthie MS, Carter D, Reed SG, Hawman DW, Feldmann H, Gale M, Veesler D, Berglund P, Fuller DH. Single-dose replicating RNA vaccine induces neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in nonhuman primates. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2020:2020.05.28.121640. [PMID: 32511417 PMCID: PMC7265689 DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.28.121640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, caused by infection with SARS-CoV-2, is having a dramatic and deleterious impact on health services and the global economy. Grim public health statistics highlight the need for vaccines that can rapidly confer protection after a single dose and be manufactured using components suitable for scale-up and efficient distribution. In response, we have rapidly developed repRNA-CoV2S, a stable and highly immunogenic vaccine candidate comprised of an RNA replicon formulated with a novel Lipid InOrganic Nanoparticle (LION) designed to enhance vaccine stability, delivery and immunogenicity. We show that intramuscular injection of LION/repRNA-CoV2S elicits robust anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein IgG antibody isotypes indicative of a Type 1 T helper response as well as potent T cell responses in mice. Importantly, a single-dose administration in nonhuman primates elicited antibody responses that potently neutralized SARS-CoV-2. These data support further development of LION/repRNA-CoV2S as a vaccine candidate for prophylactic protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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20
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Erdő-Bonyár S, Rapp J, Minier T, Ráth G, Najbauer J, Czirják L, Németh P, Berki T, Simon D. Toll-Like Receptor Mediated Activation of Natural Autoantibody Producing B Cell Subpopulations in an Autoimmune Disease Model. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E6152. [PMID: 31817576 PMCID: PMC6940962 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered expression and function of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) homologue CD180 molecule in B cells have been associated with autoimmune disorders. In this study, we report decreased expression of CD180 at protein and mRNA levels in peripheral blood B cells of diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis (dcSSc) patients. To analyze the effect of CD180 stimulation, together with CpG (TLR9 ligand) treatment, on the phenotype defined by CD19/CD27/IgD/CD24/CD38 staining, and function (CD69 and CD180 expression, cytokine and antibody secretion) of B cell subpopulations, we used tonsillar B cells. After stimulation, we found reduced expression of CD180 protein and mRNA in total B cells, and CD180 protein in B cell subpopulations. The frequency of CD180+ cells was the highest in the CD19+CD27+IgD+ non-switched (NS) B cell subset, and they showed the strongest activation after anti-CD180 stimulation. Furthermore, B cell activation via CD180 induced IL-6 and natural autoantibody secretion. Treatment with the combination of anti-CD180 antibody and CpG resulted in increased IL-6 and IL-10 secretion and natural autoantibody production of B cells. Our results support the role of CD180 in the induction of natural autoantibody production, possibly by NS B cells, and suggest an imbalance between the pathologic and natural autoantibody production in SSc patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szabina Erdő-Bonyár
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, University of Pécs Medical School, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (S.E.-B.); (J.R.); (J.N.); (P.N.); (D.S.)
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Clinical Center, University of Pécs Medical School, H-7632 Pécs, Hungary; (T.M.); (L.C.)
| | - Judit Rapp
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, University of Pécs Medical School, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (S.E.-B.); (J.R.); (J.N.); (P.N.); (D.S.)
| | - Tünde Minier
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Clinical Center, University of Pécs Medical School, H-7632 Pécs, Hungary; (T.M.); (L.C.)
| | - Gábor Ráth
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Center, University of Pécs Medical School, H-7623 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - József Najbauer
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, University of Pécs Medical School, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (S.E.-B.); (J.R.); (J.N.); (P.N.); (D.S.)
| | - László Czirják
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Clinical Center, University of Pécs Medical School, H-7632 Pécs, Hungary; (T.M.); (L.C.)
| | - Péter Németh
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, University of Pécs Medical School, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (S.E.-B.); (J.R.); (J.N.); (P.N.); (D.S.)
| | - Timea Berki
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, University of Pécs Medical School, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (S.E.-B.); (J.R.); (J.N.); (P.N.); (D.S.)
| | - Diána Simon
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, University of Pécs Medical School, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (S.E.-B.); (J.R.); (J.N.); (P.N.); (D.S.)
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21
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Incorporating B cell activating factor (BAFF) into the membrane of rabies virus (RABV) particles improves the speed and magnitude of vaccine-induced antibody responses. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007800. [PMID: 31725816 PMCID: PMC6855436 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
B cell activating factor (BAFF) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily of cytokines that links innate with adaptive immunity. BAFF signals through receptors on B cells, making it an attractive molecule to potentiate vaccine-induced B cell responses. We hypothesized that a rabies virus (RABV)-based vaccine displaying both antigen and BAFF on the surface of the same virus particle would target antigen-specific B cells for activation and improve RABV-specific antibody responses. To test this hypothesis, we constructed a recombinant RABV-based vector expressing virus membrane-anchored murine BAFF (RABV-ED51-mBAFF). BAFF was incorporated into the RABV particle and determined to be biologically functional, as demonstrated by increased B cell survival of primary murine B cells treated ex-vivo with RABV-ED51-mBAFF. B cell survival was inhibited by pre-treating RABV-ED51-mBAFF with an antibody that blocks BAFF functions. RABV-ED51-mBAFF also activated primary murine B cells ex-vivo more effectively than RABV as shown by significant upregulation of CD69, CD40, and MHCII on the surface of infected B cells. In-vivo, RABV-ED51-mBAFF induced significantly faster and higher virus neutralizing antibody (VNA) titers than RABV while not adversely affecting the longevity of the vaccine-induced antibody response. Since BAFF was incorporated into the virus particle and genome replication was not required for BAFF expression in-vivo, we hypothesized that RABV-ED51-mBAFF would be effective as an inactivated vaccine. Mice immunized with 250 ng/mouse of β-propriolactone-inactivated RABV-ED51-mBAFF showed faster and higher anti-RABV VNA titers compared to mice immunized with inactivated RABV. Together, this model stands as a potential foundation for exploring other virus membrane-anchored molecular adjuvants to make safer, more effective inactivated RABV-based vaccines.
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Roe K, Shu GL, Draves KE, Giordano D, Pepper M, Clark EA. Targeting Antigens to CD180 but Not CD40 Programs Immature and Mature B Cell Subsets to Become Efficient APCs. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:1715-1729. [PMID: 31484732 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Targeting Ags to the CD180 receptor activates both B cells and dendritic cells (DCs) to become potent APCs. After inoculating mice with Ag conjugated to an anti-CD180 Ab, B cell receptors were rapidly internalized. Remarkably, all B cell subsets, including even transitional 1 B cells, were programed to process, present Ag, and stimulate Ag-specific CD4+ T cells. Within 24-48 hours, Ag-specific B cells were detectable at T-B borders in the spleen; there, they proliferated in a T cell-dependent manner and induced the maturation of T follicular helper (TFH) cells. Remarkably, immature B cells were sufficient for the maturation of TFH cells after CD180 targeting: TFH cells were induced in BAFFR-/- mice (with only transitional 1 B cells) and not in μMT mice (lacking all B cells) following CD180 targeting. Unlike CD180 targeting, CD40 targeting only induced DCs but not B cells to become APCs and thus failed to efficiently induce TFH cell maturation, resulting in slower and lower-affinity IgG Ab responses. CD180 targeting induces a unique program in Ag-specific B cells and to our knowledge, is a novel strategy to induce Ag presentation in both DCs and B cells, especially immature B cells and thus has the potential to produce a broad range of Ab specificities. This study highlights the ability of immature B cells to present Ag to and induce the maturation of cognate TFH cells, providing insights toward vaccination of mature B cell-deficient individuals and implications in treating autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Roe
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Geraldine L Shu
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Kevin E Draves
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Daniela Giordano
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Marion Pepper
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Edward A Clark
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
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23
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King HAD, Gonelli CA, Tullett KM, Lahoud MH, Purcell DFJ, Drummer HE, Poumbourios P, Center RJ. Conjugation of an scFab domain to the oligomeric HIV envelope protein for use in immune targeting. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220986. [PMID: 31430333 PMCID: PMC6701830 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A promising strategy for the enhancement of vaccine-mediated immune responses is by directly targeting protein antigens to immune cells. Targeting of antigens to the dendritic cell (DC) molecule Clec9A has been shown to enhance antibody affinity and titers for model antigens, and influenza and enterovirus antigens, and may be advantageous for immunogens that otherwise fail to elicit antibodies with sufficient titers and breadth for broad protection, such as the envelope protein (Env) of HIV. Previously employed targeting strategies often utilize receptor-specific antibodies, however it is impractical to conjugate a bivalent IgG antibody to oligomeric antigens, including HIV Env trimers. Here we designed single chain variable fragment (scFv) and single chain Fab (scFab) constructs of a Clec9A-targeting antibody, expressed as genetically fused conjugates with the soluble ectodomain of Env, gp140. This conjugation did not affect the presentation of Env neutralising antibody epitopes. The scFab moiety was shown to be more stable than scFv, and in the context of gp140 fusions, was able to mediate better binding to recombinant and cell surface-expressed Clec9A, although the level of binding to cell-surface Clec9A was lower than that of the anti-Clec9A IgG. However, binding to Clec9A on the surface of DCs was not detected. Mouse immunization experiments suggested that the Clec9A-binding activity of the scFab-gp140 conjugate was insufficient to enhance Env-specific antibody responses. This is an important first proof of principle study demonstrating the conjugation of a scFab to an oligomeric protein antigen, and that an scFab displays better antigen binding than the corresponding scFv. Future developments of this technique that increase the scFab affinity will provide a valuable means to target oligomeric proteins to cell surface antigens of interest, improving vaccine-generated immune responses.
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MESH Headings
- AIDS Vaccines/administration & dosage
- AIDS Vaccines/genetics
- AIDS Vaccines/immunology
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibody Affinity
- Antigens, Viral/genetics
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Epitopes/immunology
- Female
- HEK293 Cells
- HIV Antibodies/immunology
- HIV Infections/immunology
- HIV Infections/therapy
- HIV Infections/virology
- Humans
- Immunogenicity, Vaccine
- Lectins, C-Type/immunology
- Lectins, C-Type/metabolism
- Mice
- Proof of Concept Study
- Protein Domains/genetics
- Protein Domains/immunology
- Receptors, Mitogen/immunology
- Receptors, Mitogen/metabolism
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/administration & dosage
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology
- Single-Chain Antibodies/administration & dosage
- Single-Chain Antibodies/genetics
- Single-Chain Antibodies/immunology
- Vaccination/methods
- Vaccines, DNA/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, DNA/genetics
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
- env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/administration & dosage
- env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/genetics
- env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah A. D. King
- Disease Elimination, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher A. Gonelli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kirsteen M. Tullett
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mireille H. Lahoud
- Disease Elimination, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Damian F. J. Purcell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Heidi E. Drummer
- Disease Elimination, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pantelis Poumbourios
- Disease Elimination, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rob J. Center
- Disease Elimination, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
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24
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Tesfaye DY, Gudjonsson A, Bogen B, Fossum E. Targeting Conventional Dendritic Cells to Fine-Tune Antibody Responses. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1529. [PMID: 31333661 PMCID: PMC6620736 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) facilitate cross talk between the innate and adaptive immune system. They sense and phagocytose invading pathogens, and are not only capable of activating naïve T cells, but can also determine the polarization of T cell responses into different effector subtypes. Polarized T cells in turn have a crucial role in antibody class switching and affinity maturation, and consequently the quality of the resulting humoral immunity. Targeting vaccines to DCs thus provides a great deal of opportunities for influencing the humoral immune responses, by fine-tuning the T cell response as well as regulating antigen availability for B cells. In this review we aim to outline how different DC targeted vaccination strategies can be utilized to induce a desired humoral immune response. A range of factors, including route of vaccine administration, use of adjuvants, choice of DC subset and surface receptor to target have been reported to influence the resulting immune response and will be reviewed herein. Finally, we will discuss opportunities for designing improved vaccines and challenges with translating this knowledge into clinical or veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demo Yemane Tesfaye
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Research on Influenza Vaccines, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arnar Gudjonsson
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Research on Influenza Vaccines, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjarne Bogen
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Research on Influenza Vaccines, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Even Fossum
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Research on Influenza Vaccines, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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25
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Gudjonsson A, Andersen TK, Sundvold-Gjerstad V, Bogen B, Fossum E. Endocytosis Deficient Murine Xcl1-Fusion Vaccine Enhances Protective Antibody Responses in Mice. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1086. [PMID: 31156636 PMCID: PMC6533920 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting antigen to surface receptors on dendritic cells (DCs) can improve antibody response against subunit vaccines. We have previously observed that human XCL1-fusion vaccines target murine Xcr1+ DCs without actively inducing endocytosis of the antigen, resulting in enhanced antibody responses in mice. However, the use of foreign chemokines for targeting is undesirable when translating this observation to human or veterinary medicine due to potential cross-reactive responses against the endogenous chemokine. Here we have identified a mutant version of murine Xcl1, labeled Xcl1(Δ1) owing to removal of a conserved valine in position 1 of the mature chemokine, that retains specific binding to Xcr1+ DCs without inducing endocytosis of the receptor. DNA immunization with Xcl1(Δ1) conjugated to influenza hemagglutinin (HA) induced improved antibody responses, with higher end point titers of IgG compared to WT Xcl1-HA. The Xcl1(Δ1) fusion vaccine also resulted in an increased number of HA reactive germinal center B cells with higher avidity toward the antigen, and serum transfer experiments show that Xcl1(Δ1)-HA induced antibody responses provided better protection against influenza infection as compared to WT Xcl1-HA. In summary, our observations indicate that targeting antigen to Xcr1+ DCs in an endocytosis deficient manner enhances antibody responses. This effect was obtained by introducing a single mutation to Xcl1, suggesting our strategy may easily be translated to human or veterinary vaccine settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnar Gudjonsson
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Influenza Vaccine Research, Institute of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tor Kristian Andersen
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Influenza Vaccine Research, Institute of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vibeke Sundvold-Gjerstad
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjarne Bogen
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Influenza Vaccine Research, Institute of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Even Fossum
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Influenza Vaccine Research, Institute of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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26
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Giordano D, Draves KE, Young LB, Roe K, Bryan MA, Dresch C, Richner JM, Diamond MS, Gale M, Clark EA. Protection of mice deficient in mature B cells from West Nile virus infection by passive and active immunization. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006743. [PMID: 29176765 PMCID: PMC5720816 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
B cell activating factor receptor (BAFFR)-/- mice have a profound reduction in mature B cells, but unlike μMT mice, they have normal numbers of newly formed, immature B cells. Using a West Nile virus (WNV) challenge model that requires antibodies (Abs) for protection, we found that unlike wild-type (WT) mice, BAFFR-/- mice were highly susceptible to WNV and succumbed to infection within 8 to 12 days after subcutaneous virus challenge. Although mature B cells were required to protect against lethal infection, infected BAFFR-/- mice had reduced WNV E-specific IgG responses and neutralizing Abs. Passive transfer of immune sera from previously infected WT mice rescued BAFFR-/- and fully B cell-deficient μMT mice, but unlike μMT mice that died around 30 days post-infection, BAFFR-/- mice survived, developed WNV-specific IgG Abs and overcame a second WNV challenge. Remarkably, protective immunity could be induced in mature B cell-deficient mice. Administration of a WNV E-anti-CD180 conjugate vaccine 30 days prior to WNV infection induced Ab responses that protected against lethal infection in BAFFR-/- mice but not in μMT mice. Thus, the immature B cells present in BAFFR-/- and not μMT mice contribute to protective antiviral immunity. A CD180-based vaccine may promote immunity in immunocompromised individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Giordano
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Kevin E. Draves
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Lucy B. Young
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Kelsey Roe
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Marianne A. Bryan
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Christiane Dresch
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Justin M. Richner
- Departments of Medicine, Molecular Microbiology, Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Michael S. Diamond
- Departments of Medicine, Molecular Microbiology, Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- The Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Michael Gale
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Edward A. Clark
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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27
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The interplay of CD150 and CD180 receptor pathways contribute to the pathobiology of chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells by selective inhibition of Akt and MAPK signaling. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185940. [PMID: 28982149 PMCID: PMC5628907 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell surface expression of CD150 and CD180 receptors in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) associates with mutational IGHV status and favourable prognosis. Here we show a direct correlation between cell surface expression and colocalization of these receptors on CLL B cells. In the absence of CD150 and CD180 on the cell surface both receptors were expressed in the cytoplasm. The CD150 receptor was colocalized with markers of the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus and early endosomes. In contrast, CD180 was detected preferentially in early endosomes. Analysis of CD150 isoforms differential expression revealed that regardless of CD150 cell surface expression the mCD150 isoform with two ITSM signaling motifs was a predominant CD150 isoform in CLL B cells. The majority of CLL cases had significantly elevated expression level of the soluble sCD150, moreover CLL B cells secrete this isoform. CD150 or CD180 crosslinking on CLL B cells alone led to activation of Akt, mTORC1, ERK1/2, p38MAPK and JNK1/2 networks. Both CD150 and CD180 target the translation machinery through mTOR independent as well as mTOR dependent pathways. Moreover, both these receptors transmit pro-survival signals via Akt-mediated inhibition of GSK3β and FOXO1/FOXO3a. Unexpectedly, coligation CD150 and CD180 receptors on CLL B cells led to mutual inhibition of the Akt and MAPK pathways. While CD150 and CD180 coligation resulted in reduced phosphorylation of Akt, ERK1/2, c-Jun, RSK, p70S6K, S6RP, and 4E-BP; it led to complete blocking of mTOR and p38MAPK phosphorylation. At the same time coligation of CD150 and CD40 receptors did not result in Akt and MAPK inhibition. This suggests that combination of signals via CD150 and CD180 leads to blocking of pro-survival pathways that may be a restraining factor for neoplastic CLL B cells propagation in more than 50% of CLL cases where these receptors are coexpressed.
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28
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Miljkovic D, Ou J, Kirana C, Hulse KE, Hauben E, Psaltis A, Wormald PJ, Vreugde S. Discordant frequencies of tissue-resident and circulating CD180-negative B cells in chronic rhinosinusitis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2017; 7:609-614. [PMID: 28236375 DOI: 10.1002/alr.21924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The unconventional toll-like receptor (TLR) CD180 is implicated in chronic inflammatory diseases; however, its role in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has yet to be investigated. Here we study the expression of CD180, its homologue TLR4 and myeloid differentiation factor 1 (MD1) on mucosal and systemic immune cell populations in relation to serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels. METHODS A total of 70 patients were recruited to the study. Mucosal and peripheral blood samples were prospectively collected from CRS patients and non-CRS controls without evidence of sinus disease. The expression of TLR4, MD1, and CD180 was investigated using qualitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry. Serum IgG levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) patients had significantly increased messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of CD180 and MD1 compared to controls (5.54-fold and 2.1-fold, respectively, p < 0.01). B cells lacking CD180 were lower in CRSwNP tissue compared to CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) and controls (21.07 ± 6.41 vs 41.61 ± 7.82 vs 40.06 ± 8.06; p < 0.01) but higher in blood (39.18 ± 8.3 vs 17.95 ± 7.82 and 12.49 ± 4.92; p ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSION Changes in mucosal and peripheral CD180-expressing B cells were identified in CRSwNP patients compared to CRSsNP and controls. This suggests a role for these cells in the dysregulated immune response in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dijana Miljkovic
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Judy Ou
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Chandra Kirana
- Department of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kathryn E Hulse
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Ehud Hauben
- Department of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alkis Psaltis
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Peter-John Wormald
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sarah Vreugde
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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29
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Gudjonsson A, Lysén A, Balan S, Sundvold-Gjerstad V, Arnold-Schrauf C, Richter L, Bækkevold ES, Dalod M, Bogen B, Fossum E. Targeting Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin to Xcr1+Dendritic Cells in the Absence of Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis Enhances Protective Antibody Responses. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:2785-2795. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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30
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You M, Dong G, Li F, Ma F, Ren J, Xu Y, Yue H, Tang R, Ren D, Hou Y. Ligation of CD180 inhibits IFN-α signaling in a Lyn-PI3K-BTK-dependent manner in B cells. Cell Mol Immunol 2017; 14:192-202. [PMID: 26277892 PMCID: PMC5301152 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2015.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the consistent production of various auto-antibodies by auto-reactive B cells. Interferon-α (IFN-α) signaling is highly activated in SLE B cells and plays a vital role in the antibody response by B cells. Previous studies have shown that CD180-negative B cells, which are dramatically increased in SLE patients, are responsible for the production of auto-antibodies. However, the association between CD180 and IFN-α signaling remains unknown. In the present study, we explored the effect of CD180 on regulating the activation of IFN-α signaling in B cells. We found that the number of CD180-negative B cells was increased in MRL/Mp-Fas(lpr/lpr) lupus-prone mice compared with wild-type mice. Phenotypic analysis showed that CD180-negative B cells comprised CD138+ plasmablast/plasma cells and GL-7+ germinal center (GC) B cells. Notably, ligation of CD180 significantly inhibited the IFN-α-induced phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 (STAT-2) and expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) in a Lyn-PI3K-BTK-dependent manner in vitro. Moreover, ligation of CD180 could also inhibit IFN-α-induced ISG expression in B cells in vivo. Furthermore, the Toll-like receptor 7 and Toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathways could significantly downregulate CD180 expression and modulate the inhibitory effect of CD180 signaling on the activation of IFN-α signaling. Collectively, our results highlight the close association between the increased proportion of CD180-negative B cells and the activation of IFN-α signaling in SLE. Our data provide molecular insight into the mechanism of IFN-α signaling activation in SLE B cells and a potential therapeutic approach for SLE treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming You
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanjun Dong
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanlin Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Feiya Ma
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Ren
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujun Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Huimin Yue
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruijing Tang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Deshan Ren
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Yayi Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
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31
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Duarte JN, Cragnolini JJ, Swee LK, Bilate AM, Bader J, Ingram JR, Rashidfarrokhi A, Fang T, Schiepers A, Hanke L, Ploegh HL. Generation of Immunity against Pathogens via Single-Domain Antibody-Antigen Constructs. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:4838-4847. [PMID: 27821668 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
mAbs specific for surface proteins on APCs can serve as Ag-delivery vehicles that enhance immunogenicity. The practical use of such constructs is limited by the challenge of expressing and modifying full-sized mAbs. We generated single-domain Ab fragments (VHHs) specific for class II MHC (MHCII), CD11b, and CD36. VHH sequences were modified by inclusion of a C-terminal sortase motif to allow site-specific conjugation with various Ag payloads. We tested T cell activation using VHHs that target distinct APC populations; anti-MHCII adducts elicited strong activation of CD4+ T cells, whereas anti-CD11b showed CD8+ T cell activation superior to targeting via MHCII and CD36. Differences in Ag presentation among constructs were unrelated to dendritic cell subtype or routing to acidic compartments. When coupled to antigenic payloads, anti-MHCII VHH primed Ab responses against GFP, ubiquitin, an OVA peptide, and the α-helix of influenza hemagglutinin's stem; the last afforded protection against influenza infection. The versatility of the VHH scaffold and sortase-mediated covalent attachment of Ags suggests their broader application to generate desirable immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao N Duarte
- Whitehead Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Juan J Cragnolini
- Whitehead Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Lee Kim Swee
- Whitehead Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Angelina M Bilate
- Whitehead Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Justin Bader
- Whitehead Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Jessica R Ingram
- Whitehead Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Ali Rashidfarrokhi
- Whitehead Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Tao Fang
- Whitehead Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Ariën Schiepers
- Whitehead Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Leo Hanke
- Whitehead Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Hidde L Ploegh
- Whitehead Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
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32
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Ohyama K, Huy NT, Yoshimi H, Kishikawa N, Nishizawa JE, Roca Y, Revollo Guzmán RJ, Velarde FUG, Kuroda N, Hirayama K. Proteomic profile of circulating immune complexes in chronic Chagas disease. Parasite Immunol 2016; 38:609-17. [PMID: 27223052 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Immune complexes (ICs) are the direct and real-time products of humoral immune responses. The identification of constituent foreign or autoantigens within ICs might bring new insights into the pathology of infectious diseases. We applied immune complexome analysis of plasma to the study of Chagas disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. Twenty seropositive plasma samples including cardiac and/or megacolon determinate patients (n = 11) and indeterminate (n = 9) were analysed along with 10 seronegative individuals to characterize the antigens bound to circulating ICs. We identified 39 T. cruzi antigens and 114 human autoantigens specific to patients with Chagas. Among those antigens, two T. cruzi antigens (surface protease GP63, glucose-6-isomerase) and six human autoantigens (CD180 antigen, ceruloplasmin, fibrinogen beta chain, fibrinogen beta chain isoform 2 preprotein, isoform gamma-A of fibrinogen γ-chain, serum paraoxonase) were detected in more than 50% of the patients tested. Human isoform short of complement factor H-related protein 2 and trans-sialidase of T. cruzi were more frequently found in the indeterminate (5/9 for both) compared with in the determinate Chagas (0/11, P = 0·046 for human, 1/11, P = 0·0498 for T. cruzi). The immune complexome could illustrate the difference of immune status between clinical forms of chronic Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ohyama
- Course of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.,Nagasaki University Research Centre for Genomic Instability and Carcinogenesis (NRGIC), Nagasaki, Japan
| | - N T Huy
- Department of Clinical Product Development, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - H Yoshimi
- Course of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - N Kishikawa
- Course of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | | | - Y Roca
- Centro Nacional de Enfermedades Tropicales (CENETROP), Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - R J Revollo Guzmán
- Centro Nacional de Enfermedades Tropicales (CENETROP), Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | | | - N Kuroda
- Course of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
| | - K Hirayama
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
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Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important sensors of the innate immune system that recognize conserved structural motifs and activate cells via a downstream signaling cascade. The CD180/MD1 molecular complex is an unusual member of the TLR family, since it lacks the components that are normally required for signal transduction by other TLRs. Therefore the CD180/MD 1 complex has been considered of being incapable of independently initiating cellular signals. Using chemogenetic approaches we identified specifically the membrane bound long form of PIM-1 kinase, PIM-1L as the mediator of CD180-dependent signaling. A dominant negative isoform of PIM-1L, but not of other PIM kinases, inhibited signaling elicited by cross-linking of CD180, and this effect was phenocopied by PIM inhibitors. PIM-1L was directed to the cell membrane by its N-terminal extension, where it colocalized and physically associated with CD180. Triggering CD180 also induced increased phosphorylation of the anti-apoptotic protein BAD in a PIM kinase-dependent fashion. Also in primary human B cells, which are the main cells expressing CD180 in man, cross-linking of CD180 by monoclonal antibodies stimulated cell survival and proliferation that was abrogated by specific inhibitors. By associating with PIM-1L, CD180 can thus obtain autonomous signaling capabilities, and this complex is then channeling inflammatory signals into B cell survival programs. Pharmacological inhibition of PIM-1 should therefore provide novel therapeutic options in diseases that respond to innate immune stimulation with subsequently increased B cell activity, such as lupus erythematosus or myasthenia gravis.
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34
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Grødeland G, Fossum E, Bogen B. Polarizing T and B Cell Responses by APC-Targeted Subunit Vaccines. Front Immunol 2015; 6:367. [PMID: 26257735 PMCID: PMC4507452 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Current influenza vaccines mostly aim at the induction of specific neutralizing antibodies. While antibodies are important for protection against a particular virus strain, T cells can recognize epitopes that will offer broader protection against influenza. We have previously developed a DNA vaccine format by which protein antigens can be targeted specifically to receptors on antigen presenting cells (APCs). The DNA-encoded vaccine proteins are homodimers, each chain consisting of a targeting unit, a dimerization unit, and an antigen. The strategy of targeting antigen to APCs greatly enhances immune responses as compared to non-targeted controls. Furthermore, targeting of antigen to different receptors on APCs can polarize the immune response to different arms of immunity. Here, we discuss how targeting of hemagglutinin to MHC class II molecules increases Th2 and IgG1 antibody responses, whereas targeting to chemokine receptors XCR1 or CCR1/3/5 increases Th1 and IgG2a responses, in addition to CD8(+) T cell responses. We also discuss these results in relation to work published by others on APC-targeting. Differential targeting of APC surface molecules may allow the induction of tailor-made phenotypes of adaptive immune responses that are optimal for protection against various infectious agents, including influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnveig Grødeland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Influenza Vaccine Research (JIV), Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Even Fossum
- Department of Clinical Medicine, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Influenza Vaccine Research (JIV), Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Bjarne Bogen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Influenza Vaccine Research (JIV), Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway ; Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR), Institute of Immunology, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
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35
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Porakishvili N, Vispute K, Steele AJ, Rajakaruna N, Kulikova N, Tsertsvadze T, Nathwani A, Damle RN, Clark EA, Rai KR, Chiorazzi N, Lydyard PM. Rewiring of sIgM-Mediated Intracellular Signaling through the CD180 Toll-like Receptor. Mol Med 2015; 21:46-57. [PMID: 25611435 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2014.00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) development and progression are thought to be driven by unknown antigens/autoantigens through the B cell receptor (BCR) and environmental signals for survival and expansion including toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands. CD180/RP105, a membrane-associated orphan receptor of the TLR family, induces normal B cell activation and proliferation and is expressed by approximately 60% of CLL samples. Half of these respond to ligation with anti-CD180 antibody by increased activation/phosphorylation of protein kinases associated with BCR signaling. Hence CLL cells expressing both CD180 and the BCR could receive signals via both receptors. Here we investigated cross-talk between BCR and CD180-mediated signaling on CLL cell survival and apoptosis. Our data indicate that ligation of CD180 on responsive CLL cells leads to activation of either prosurvival Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK)/phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT-mediated, or proapoptotic p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK)-mediated signaling pathways, while selective immunoglobulin M (sIgM) ligation predominantly engages the BTK/PI3K/AKT pathway. Furthermore, pretreatment of CLL cells with anti-CD180 redirects IgM-mediated signaling from the prosurvival BTK/PI3K/AKT toward the proapoptotic p38MAPK pathway. Thus preengaging CD180 could prevent further prosurvival signaling mediated via the BCR and, instead, induce CLL cell apoptosis, opening the door to therapeutic profiling and new strategies for the treatment of a substantial cohort of CLL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nino Porakishvili
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ketki Vispute
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nadeeka Rajakaruna
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nina Kulikova
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom.,Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Georgia
| | | | - Amit Nathwani
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rajendra N Damle
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Edward A Clark
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Kanti R Rai
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Nicholas Chiorazzi
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Peter M Lydyard
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
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36
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Veninga H, Borg EGF, Vreeman K, Taylor PR, Kalay H, van Kooyk Y, Kraal G, Martinez-Pomares L, den Haan JMM. Antigen targeting reveals splenic CD169+ macrophages as promoters of germinal center B-cell responses. Eur J Immunol 2015; 45:747-57. [PMID: 25487358 PMCID: PMC4843951 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201444983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ag delivery to specific APCs is an attractive approach in developing strategies for vaccination. CD169+ macrophages in the marginal zone of the spleen represent a suitable target for delivery of Ag because of their strategic location, which is optimal for the capture of blood‐borne Ag and their close proximity to B cells and T cells in the white pulp. Here we show that Ag targeting to CD169+ macrophages in mice resulted in strong, isotype‐switched, high‐affinity Ab production and the preferential induction and long‐term persistence of Ag‐specific GC B cells and follicular Th cells. In agreement with these observations, CD169+ macrophages retained intact Ag, induced cognate activation of B cells, and increased expression of costimulatory molecules upon activation. In addition, macrophages were required for the production of cytokines that promote B‐cell responses. Our results identify CD169+ macrophages as promoters of high‐affinity humoral immune responses and emphasize the value of CD169 as target for Ag delivery to improve vaccine responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrike Veninga
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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37
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Clark EA. A Short History of the B-Cell-Associated Surface Molecule CD40. Front Immunol 2014; 5:472. [PMID: 25324844 PMCID: PMC4179537 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This perspective traces developments using monoclonal antibody technology that led to the discovery of CD40, a receptor that on B cells mediates “T cell help” and on dendritic cells helps to program CD8 T cell responses. I discuss some things that we got right during the path of discovery and some things we missed. Immunotherapies that block or stimulate the CD40 pathway hold great promise for treatment of autoimmune diseases and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward A Clark
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington , Seattle, WA , USA
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38
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Chappell CP, Giltiay NV, Dresch C, Clark EA. Controlling immune responses by targeting antigens to dendritic cell subsets and B cells. Int Immunol 2013; 26:3-11. [PMID: 24285828 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxt059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Delivering antigens in vivo by coupling them to mAbs specific for unique receptors on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) is a promising approach for modulating immune responses. Antigen delivery to receptors found on myeloid dendritic cell (DC) subsets, plasmacytoid DCs and B cells has shown them all to be viable targets to stimulate either the cellular or humoral arms of the immune system. It is now evident that antigen-targeting approaches can also be used to invoke antigen-specific inhibition of immune responses. The outcome of activation versus inhibition is determined by a combination of factors that include the choice of APC, the receptor that is targeted, whether to include an adjuvant and, if so, which adjuvant to employ. In addition to their use as a means to modulate immune responses, antigen-targeting systems are also a useful method to investigate the function of DC subsets and the early mechanistic events that underlie the initiation of both cellular and humoral immune responses. In this review, we focus on the literature surrounding the control of B-cell responses when antigen is delivered to various APC subsets.
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