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Guo W, Xu M, Song X, Cheng Y, Deng Y, Liu M. Association of Serum Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor with 3-Month Poor Outcome and Malignant Cerebral Edema in Patients with Large Hemispheric Infarction. Neurocrit Care 2024; 41:558-567. [PMID: 38561586 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-024-01958-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to investigate the associations of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), toll-like receptors 2 and 4 (TLR2/4), and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) with 3-month poor outcome, death, and malignant cerebral edema (MCE) in patients with large hemispheric infarction (LHI). METHODS Patients with LHI within 24 h of onset were enrolled consecutively. Serum MIF, TLR2/4, and MMP9 concentrations on admission were measured. Poor outcome was defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of ≥ 3 at 3 months. MCE was defined as a decreased level of consciousness, anisocoria and midline shift > 5 mm or basal cistern effacement, or indications for decompressive craniectomy during hospitalization. The cutoff values for MIF/MMP9 were obtained from the receiver operating characteristic curve. RESULTS Of the 130 patients with LHI enrolled, 90 patients (69.2%) had 3-month poor outcome, and MCE occurred in 55 patients (42.3%). Patients with serum MIF concentrations ≤ 7.82 ng/mL for predicting 3-month poor outcome [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 2.827, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.144-6.990, p = 0.024] also distinguished death (adjusted OR 4.329, 95% CI 1.841-10.178, p = 0.001). Similarly, MMP9 concentrations ≤ 46.56 ng/mL for predicting 3-month poor outcome (adjusted OR 2.814, 95% CI 1.236-6.406, p = 0.014) also distinguished 3-month death (adjusted OR 3.845, 95% CI 1.534-9.637, p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS Lower serum MIF and MMP9 concentrations at an early stage were independently associated with 3-month poor outcomes and death in patients with LHI. These findings need further confirmation in larger sample studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Guo
- Center of Cerebrovascular Disease, Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Sichuan University West China Hospital, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mangmang Xu
- Center of Cerebrovascular Disease, Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xindi Song
- Center of Cerebrovascular Disease, Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajun Cheng
- Center of Cerebrovascular Disease, Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yilun Deng
- Center of Cerebrovascular Disease, Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Liu
- Center of Cerebrovascular Disease, Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
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de Oliveira Souza R, Duarte Júnior JWB, Della Casa VS, Santoro Rosa D, Renia L, Claser C. Unraveling the complex interplay: immunopathology and immune evasion strategies of alphaviruses with emphasis on neurological implications. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1421571. [PMID: 39211797 PMCID: PMC11358129 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1421571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Arthritogenic alphaviruses pose a significant public health concern due to their ability to cause joint inflammation, with emerging evidence of potential neurological consequences. In this review, we examine the immunopathology and immune evasion strategies employed by these viruses, highlighting their complex mechanisms of pathogenesis and neurological implications. We delve into how these viruses manipulate host immune responses, modulate inflammatory pathways, and potentially establish persistent infections. Further, we explore their ability to breach the blood-brain barrier, triggering neurological complications, and how co-infections exacerbate neurological outcomes. This review synthesizes current research to provide a comprehensive overview of the immunopathological mechanisms driving arthritogenic alphavirus infections and their impact on neurological health. By highlighting knowledge gaps, it underscores the need for research to unravel the complexities of virus-host interactions. This deeper understanding is crucial for developing targeted therapies to address both joint and neurological manifestations of these infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel de Oliveira Souza
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Victória Simões Della Casa
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela Santoro Rosa
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laurent Renia
- ASTAR Infectious Diseases Labs (ASTAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Carla Claser
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Essien SA, Ahuja I, Eisenhoffer GT. Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor on Apoptotic Extracellular Vesicles Regulates Compensatory Proliferation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.14.544889. [PMID: 37398303 PMCID: PMC10312732 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.14.544889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Apoptotic cells can signal to neighboring cells to stimulate proliferation and compensate for cell loss to maintain tissue homeostasis. While apoptotic cell-derived extracellular vesicles (AEVs) can transmit instructional cues to mediate communication with neighboring cells, the molecular mechanisms that induce cell division are not well understood. Here we show that macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)-containing AEVs regulate compensatory proliferation via ERK signaling in epithelial stem cells of larval zebrafish. Time-lapse imaging showed efferocytosis of AEVs from dying epithelial stem cells by healthy neighboring stem cells. Proteomic and ultrastructure analysis of purified AEVs identified MIF localization on the AEV surface. Pharmacological inhibition or genetic mutation of MIF, or its cognate receptor CD74, decreased levels of phosphorylated ERK and compensatory proliferation in the neighboring epithelial stem cells. Disruption of MIF activity also caused decreased numbers of macrophages patrolling near AEVs, while depletion of the macrophage lineage resulted in a reduced proliferative response by the epithelial stem cells. We propose that AEVs carrying MIF directly stimulate epithelial stem cell repopulation and guide macrophages to cell non-autonomously induce localized proliferation to sustain overall cell numbers during tissue maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safia A. Essien
- Genetics and Epigenetics Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UT Health Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Ivanshi Ahuja
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston TX
| | - George T. Eisenhoffer
- Genetics and Epigenetics Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UT Health Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Sun H, Cheng R, Zhang D, Guo Y, Li F, Li Y, Li Y, Bai X, Mo J, Huang C. MIF promotes cell invasion by the LRP1-uPAR interaction in pancreatic cancer cells. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1028070. [PMID: 36703790 PMCID: PMC9871987 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1028070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by high aggressiveness and a hypoxic tumour microenvironment. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a hypoxia-related pleiotropic cytokine that plays important roles in cancer. However, its role in PDAC progression has not been fully elucidated. Methods The clinical significance of MIF and hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha (HIF1A) in PDAC was analysed using immunohistochemical staining on PDAC tissues and data from KM-Plotter database. Spatial distribution of MIF and HIF1A gene expression was visualized by spatial transcriptomics in PDAC cell xenografts. To monitor the role of MIF in PDAC cell malignancy, immunostaining, lentivirus shRNA, migration assays, flow cytometry, transcriptomics and in vivo tumorigenicity were performed. Results The spatial distribution of MIF and HIF1A was highly correlated and that high MIF expression was associated with poor prognosis of PDAC patients. MIF knockdown impaired cell invasion, with a decrease in the expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR). Although PLAUR transcript was not reduced, a uPAR endocytic receptor, low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), was upregulated at both the mRNA and protein levels after MIF knockdown. The LRP1 antagonist RAP restored uPAR expression and invasiveness. MIF attenuated the nuclear translocation of p53, a transcriptional regulator of LRP1. Furthermore, MIF downregulation blunted the growth of PDAC cell xenografts and inhibited cell proliferation under normoxia and hypoxia. Transcriptome analysis also provided evidence for the role of MIF in cancer-associated pathways. Discussion We demonstrate a novel link between the two pro-invasive agents MIF and uPAR and explain how MIF increases PDAC cell invasion capability. This finding provides a basis for therapeutic intervention of MIF in PDAC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhi Sun
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Runfen Cheng
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Danfang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuhong Guo
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanlei Li
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyu Bai
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Mo
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China,*Correspondence: Chongbiao Huang, ; Jing Mo,
| | - Chongbiao Huang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China,*Correspondence: Chongbiao Huang, ; Jing Mo,
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Abstract
Statins are 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors used worldwide to manage dyslipidaemia and thus limit the development of atherosclerotic disease and its complications. These atheroprotective drugs are now known to exert pleiotropic actions outside of their cholesterol-lowering activity, including altering immune cell function. Macrophages are phagocytic leukocytes that play critical functional roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and are directly targeted by statins. Early studies documented the anti-inflammatory effects of statins on macrophages, but emerging evidence suggests that these drugs can also enhance pro-inflammatory macrophage responses, creating an unresolved paradox. This review comprehensively examines the in vitro, in vivo, and clinical literature to document the statin-induced changes in macrophage polarization and immunomodulatory functions, explore the underlying mechanisms involved, and offer potential explanations for this paradox. A better understanding of the immunomodulatory actions of statins on macrophages should pave the way for the development of novel therapeutic approaches to manage atherosclerosis and other chronic diseases and conditions characterised by unresolved inflammation.
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Fiacre L, Pagès N, Albina E, Richardson J, Lecollinet S, Gonzalez G. Molecular Determinants of West Nile Virus Virulence and Pathogenesis in Vertebrate and Invertebrate Hosts. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239117. [PMID: 33266206 PMCID: PMC7731113 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV), like the dengue virus (DENV) and yellow fever virus (YFV), are major arboviruses belonging to the Flavivirus genus. WNV is emerging or endemic in many countries around the world, affecting humans and other vertebrates. Since 1999, it has been considered to be a major public and veterinary health problem, causing diverse pathologies, ranging from a mild febrile state to severe neurological damage and death. WNV is transmitted in a bird–mosquito–bird cycle, and can occasionally infect humans and horses, both highly susceptible to the virus but considered dead-end hosts. Many studies have investigated the molecular determinants of WNV virulence, mainly with the ultimate objective of guiding vaccine development. Several vaccines are used in horses in different parts of the world, but there are no licensed WNV vaccines for humans, suggesting the need for greater understanding of the molecular determinants of virulence and antigenicity in different hosts. Owing to technical and economic considerations, WNV virulence factors have essentially been studied in rodent models, and the results cannot always be transported to mosquito vectors or to avian hosts. In this review, the known molecular determinants of WNV virulence, according to invertebrate (mosquitoes) or vertebrate hosts (mammalian and avian), are presented and discussed. This overview will highlight the differences and similarities found between WNV hosts and models, to provide a foundation for the prediction and anticipation of WNV re-emergence and its risk of global spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Fiacre
- UMR 1161 Virology, ANSES, INRAE, ENVA, ANSES Animal Health Laboratory, EURL for Equine Diseases, 94704 Maisons-Alfort, France; (L.F.); (J.R.); (G.G.)
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, F-97170 Petit Bourg, Guadeloupe, France; (N.P.); (E.A.)
- ASTRE, University Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Nonito Pagès
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, F-97170 Petit Bourg, Guadeloupe, France; (N.P.); (E.A.)
- ASTRE, University Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Emmanuel Albina
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, F-97170 Petit Bourg, Guadeloupe, France; (N.P.); (E.A.)
- ASTRE, University Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Jennifer Richardson
- UMR 1161 Virology, ANSES, INRAE, ENVA, ANSES Animal Health Laboratory, EURL for Equine Diseases, 94704 Maisons-Alfort, France; (L.F.); (J.R.); (G.G.)
| | - Sylvie Lecollinet
- UMR 1161 Virology, ANSES, INRAE, ENVA, ANSES Animal Health Laboratory, EURL for Equine Diseases, 94704 Maisons-Alfort, France; (L.F.); (J.R.); (G.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-1-43967376
| | - Gaëlle Gonzalez
- UMR 1161 Virology, ANSES, INRAE, ENVA, ANSES Animal Health Laboratory, EURL for Equine Diseases, 94704 Maisons-Alfort, France; (L.F.); (J.R.); (G.G.)
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De Nardo TFS, Bertolo PHL, Bernardes PA, Munari DP, Machado GF, Jardim LS, Moreira PRR, Rosolem MC, Vasconcelos RO. Contribution of astrocytes and macrophage migration inhibitory factor to immune-mediated canine encephalitis caused by the distemper virus. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2020; 221:110010. [PMID: 31981823 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2020.110010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pleiotropic cytokine that is produced by many cell types in situations of homeostasis or disease. One of its functions is to act as a proinflammatory molecule. In humans, several studies have shown that MIF levels become elevated in the serum, urine, cerebrospinal fluid and tissues of patients with chronic inflammatory diseases (systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, sepsis, atheromas, diabetes and cancer). In dogs, distemper is a viral infectious condition that may lead to demyelination and inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS). In addition to the action of the virus, the inflammatory process may give rise to lesions in the white matter. Therefore, the objectives of the present study were to evaluate the role of MIF in the encephalitis that the canine distemper virus causes and to compare this with immunodetection of major histocompatibility complex-II (MHC-II), CD3 T lymphocytes, MMP-9 and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP; astrocytes) in demyelinated areas of the encephalon, in order to ascertain whether these findings might be related to the severity of the encephalic lesions. To this end, a retrospective study on archived paraffinized blocks was conducted, in which 21 encephala from dogs that had been naturally infected with the canine distemper virus (infected group) and five from dogs that had been free from systemic or CNS-affecting diseases (control group) were used. In the immunohistochemical analysis on the samples, the degree of marking by GFAP, MHC-II, MMP-9 and MIF was greater in the demyelinated areas and in the adjacent neuropil, and this was seen particularly in astrocytes. Detection of CD3 was limited to perivascular cuffs. In areas of liquefactive necrosis, Gitter cells were positive for MMP-9, MIF and MHC-II. Hence, it was concluded that activated astrocytes influenced the afflux of T lymphocytes to the encephalon (encephalitis). In the more advanced phases, activated phagocytes in the areas of liquefactive necrosis (Gitter cells) continued to produce inflammatory mediators even after the astrocytes in these localities had died, thereby worsening the encephalic lesions. Distemper virus-activated astrocytes and microglia produce MIF that results in proinflammatory stimulus on glial cells and brain-infiltrating leukocytes. Therefore, the effect of the inflammatory response is potentiated on the neuropil, resulting in neurological clinical signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatianna F S De Nardo
- School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Via de Acesso Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo H L Bertolo
- School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Via de Acesso Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Priscila A Bernardes
- School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Via de Acesso Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Danísio P Munari
- School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Via de Acesso Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Gisele F Machado
- School of Veterinary Medicine of Araçatuba (FMVA), UNESP, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Pamela R R Moreira
- School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Via de Acesso Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Mayara C Rosolem
- School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Via de Acesso Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Rosemeri O Vasconcelos
- School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Via de Acesso Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
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Li Z, Liu X, Wang B, Nie Y, Wen J, Wang Q, Gu C. Pirfenidone suppresses MAPK signalling pathway to reverse epithelial-mesenchymal transition and renal fibrosis. Nephrology (Carlton) 2018; 22:589-597. [PMID: 27245114 DOI: 10.1111/nep.12831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM Recent studies indicate that pirfenidone (PFD) may have anti-fibrotic effects in many tissues, but the potential molecular mechanism remains unknown. The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential effects of PFD on epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and renal fibrosis in a unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) rat model and the involved molecular mechanism related to cultured human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2). METHODS Sixty rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham-operated, vehicle-treated UUO, and PFD-treated UUO. Kidney specimens were collected at day 7 or 14 after UUO. PFD treatment was also performed for human HK-2. The tubulointerstitial injury, interstitial collagen deposition, and expression of type I and III collagen, α-SMA, S100A4, fibronection and E-cadherin were assessed. In addition, extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK1/2), p38 MAPK (p38), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase/stress-activated protein kinase (JNK) were also detected. RESULTS In vitro, PFD significantly attenuated TGF-β1-induced EMT and extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis, as determined by reducing expression of α-SMA, type I and III collagen, S100A4, fibronection, and increased expression of E-cadherin. PFD treatment attenuated TGF-β1-induced up-regulation of phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38 and JNK. In vivo, PFD reduced the degree of tubulointerstitial injury and renal fibrosis, which was associated with reduced expression of TGF-β1, type III collagen, α-SMA, S100A4, fibronection, and increased expression of E-cadherin. CONCLUSION These results suggest that pirfenidone is able to attenuate EMT and fibrosis in vivo and in vitro through antagonizing the MAPK pathway, providing a potential treatment to alleviate renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Li
- The Institute of Clinical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xianghua Liu
- Pathological Experiment Center, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Baoying Wang
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Experiment Center, Pharmacology Department, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yali Nie
- Pharmacology Department, School of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianguo Wen
- Urology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qingwei Wang
- Urology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chaohui Gu
- Urology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Chen HR, Chao CH, Liu CC, Ho TS, Tsai HP, Perng GC, Lin YS, Wang JR, Yeh TM. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor is critical for dengue NS1-induced endothelial glycocalyx degradation and hyperpermeability. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007033. [PMID: 29702687 PMCID: PMC6044858 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular leakage is one of the salient characteristics of severe dengue. Nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) of dengue virus (DENV) can stimulate endothelial cells to secrete endothelial hyperpermeability factor, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), and the glycocalyx degradation factor heparanase 1 (HPA-1). However, it is unclear whether MIF is directly involved in NS1-induced glycocalyx degradation. In this study, we observed that among NS1, MIF and glycocalyx degradation-related molecules, the HPA-1, metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and syndecan 1 (CD138) serum levels were all increased in dengue patients, and only NS1 and MIF showed a positive correlation with the CD138 level in severe patients. To further characterize and clarify the relationship between MIF and CD138, we used recombinant NS1 to stimulate human cells in vitro and challenge mice in vivo. Our tabulated results suggested that NS1 stimulation could induce human endothelial cells to secrete HPA-1 and immune cells to secrete MMP-9, resulting in endothelial glycocalyx degradation and hyperpermeability. Moreover, HPA-1, MMP-9, and CD138 secretion after NS1 stimulation was blocked by MIF inhibitors or antibodies both in vitro and in mice. Taken together, these results suggest that MIF directly engages in dengue NS1-induced glycocalyx degradation and that targeting MIF may represent a possible therapeutic approach for preventing dengue-induced vascular leakage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ru Chen
- The Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Hsuan Chao
- The Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chuan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Shiann Ho
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Pin Tsai
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Guey-Chuen Perng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Yee-Shin Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Ren Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Trai-Ming Yeh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
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Jiang W, Wang X, Osborne OJ, Du Y, Chang CH, Liao YP, Sun B, Jiang J, Ji Z, Li R, liu X, Lu J, Lin S, Meng H, Xia T, Nel AE. Pro-Inflammatory and Pro-Fibrogenic Effects of Ionic and Particulate Arsenide and Indium-Containing Semiconductor Materials in the Murine Lung. ACS NANO 2017; 11:1869-1883. [PMID: 28177603 PMCID: PMC5543990 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b07895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We have recently shown that the toxicological potential of GaAs and InAs particulates in cells is size- and dissolution-dependent, tending to be more pronounced for nano- vs micron-sized particles. Whether the size-dependent dissolution and shedding of ionic III-V materials also apply to pulmonary exposure is unclear. While it has been demonstrated that micron-sized III-V particles, such as GaAs and InAs, are capable of inducing hazardous pulmonary effects in an occupational setting as well as in animal studies, the effect of submicron particles (e.g., the removal of asperities during processing of semiconductor wafers) is unclear. We used cytokine profiling to compare the pro-inflammatory effects of micron- and nanoscale GaAs and InAs particulates in cells as well as the murine lung 40 h and 21 days after oropharyngeal aspiration. Use of cytokine array technology in macrophage and epithelial cell cultures demonstrated a proportionally higher increase in the levels of matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN), macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) by nanosized (n) GaAs and n-InAs as well as As(III). n-GaAs and n-InAs also triggered higher neutrophil counts in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of mice than micronscale particles 40 h post-aspiration, along with increased production of EMMPRIN and MIF. In contrast, in animals sacrificed 21 days after exposure, only n-InAs induced fibrotic lung changes as determined by increased lung collagen as well as increased levels of TGF-β1 and PDGF-AA in the BALF. A similar trend was seen for EMMPRIN and matrix metallopeptidase (MMP-9) levels in the BALF. Nano- and micron-GaAs had negligible subacute effects. Importantly, the difference between the 40 h and 21 days data appears to be biopersistence of n-InAs, as demonstrated by ICP-OES analysis of lung tissue. Interestingly, an ionic form of In, InCl3, also showed pro-fibrogenic effects due to the formation of insoluble In(OH)3 nanostructures. All considered, these data indicate that while nanoscale particles exhibit increased pro-inflammatory effects in the lung, most effects are transient, except for n-InAs and insoluble InCl3 species that are biopersistent and trigger pro-fibrotic effects. These results are of potential importance for the understanding the occupational health effects of III-V particulates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Jiang
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Xiang Wang
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Olivia J. Osborne
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Yingjie Du
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Chong Hyun Chang
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Yu-Pei Liao
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Bingbing Sun
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Jinhong Jiang
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Zhaoxia Ji
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Ruibin Li
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection & School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xiangsheng liu
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Jianqin Lu
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Sijie Lin
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, China, 200092
| | - Huan Meng
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Tian Xia
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - André E. Nel
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- Address correspondence to: André E. Nel, M.D./Ph.D., Department of Medicine, Division of NanoMedicine, UCLA School of Medicine, 52-175 CHS, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1680, USA, Tel: (310) 825-6620, Fax: (310) 206-8107,
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11
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Zhao D, Tong L, Zhang L, Li H, Wan Y, Zhang T. Tanshinone II A stabilizes vulnerable plaques by suppressing RAGE signaling and NF-κB activation in apolipoprotein-E-deficient mice. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:4983-4990. [PMID: 27840935 PMCID: PMC5355755 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tanshinone II A (TSIIA) is a diterpene quinone extracted from the roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties that is used to treat atherosclerosis. In the current study, morphological analyses were conducted to evaluate the effects of TSIIA on atherosclerotic vulnerable plaque stability. Additionally, receptor of advanced glycation end products (RAGE), adhesion molecule, and matrix-metalloproteinases (MMPs) expression, and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation were examined in apolipoprotein E (apoE)-deficient mice treated with TSIIA. Eight-week-old apoE−/− mice were administered TSIIA and fed an atherogenic diet for 8 weeks. TSIIA exhibited no effects on plaque size. Analysis of the vulnerable plaque composition demonstrated decreased numbers of macrophages and smooth muscle cells, and increased collagen content in apoE-deficient mice treated with TSIIA compared with untreated mice. Western blotting revealed that TSIIA downregulated the expression levels of vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and MMP-2, −3, and −9, suppressed RAGE, and inhibited NF-κB, JNK and p38 activation. The present study demonstrated that the underlying mechanism of TSIIA stabilization of vulnerable plaques involves interfering with RAGE and NF-κB activation, and downregulation of downstream inflammatory factors, including ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and MMP-2, −3 and −9 in apoE−/− mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhao
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, China‑Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Lufang Tong
- Department of Pharmacy, China‑Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, China‑Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Hong Li
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China‑Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Yingxin Wan
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Changping Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Beijing 102208, P.R. China
| | - Tiezhong Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, China‑Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
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Sun YBY, Qu X, Caruana G, Li J. The origin of renal fibroblasts/myofibroblasts and the signals that trigger fibrosis. Differentiation 2016; 92:102-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Xie J, Yang L, Tian L, Li W, Yang L, Li L. Macrophage Migration Inhibitor Factor Upregulates MCP-1 Expression in an Autocrine Manner in Hepatocytes during Acute Mouse Liver Injury. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27665. [PMID: 27273604 PMCID: PMC4897699 DOI: 10.1038/srep27665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitor factor (MIF), a multipotent innate immune mediator, is an upstream component of the inflammatory cascade in diseases such as liver disease. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), a highly representative chemokine, is critical in liver disease pathogenesis. We investigated the role of MIF in regulating hepatocytic MCP-1 expression. MIF and MCP-1 expression were characterized by immunochemistry, RT-PCR, ELISA, and immunoblotting in CCl4-treated mouse liver and isolated hepatocytes. MIF was primarily distributed in hepatocytes, and its expression increased upon acute liver injury. Its expression was also increased in injured hepatocytes, induced by LPS or CCl4, which mimic liver injury in vitro. MIF was expressed earlier than MCP-1, strongly inducing hepatocytic MCP-1 expression. Moreover, the increase in MCP-1 expression induced by MIF was inhibited by CD74- or CD44-specific siRNAs and SB203580, a p38 MAPK inhibitor. Further, CD74 or CD44 deficiency effectively inhibited MIF-induced p38 activation. MIF inhibitor ISO-1 reduced MCP-1 expression and p38 phosphorylation in CCl4-treated mouse liver. Our results showed that MIF regulates MCP-1 expression in hepatocytes of injured liver via CD74, CD44, and p38 MAPK in an autocrine manner, providing compelling information on the role of MIF in liver injury, and implying a new regulatory mechanism for liver inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieshi Xie
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Le Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Lei Tian
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Weiyang Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Liying Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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Zeng J, Quan J, Xia X. Transient transfection of macrophage migration inhibitory factor small interfering RNA disrupts the biological behavior of oral squamous carcinoma cells. Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:174-80. [PMID: 26549761 PMCID: PMC4686092 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is closely associated with tumorigenesis. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of MIF on the proliferation, migration and colony formation of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and to quantify the protein expression levels of MIF in OSCC tissue samples. Firstly, small interfering (si) RNA was used to knock down the gene expression of MIF in Tca8113, HN5 and SCC25 OSCC cells. Secondly, proliferation, migration and colony formation of the OSCC cells were determined by MTT, transmigration and colony formation assays, respectively. Western blotting was performed to detect changes in the protein expression levels of the epithelial mesenchymal transition markers, Twist-related protein 1 (Twist1), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9. Finally, immunohistochemistry was used to examine the protein expression of MIF in OSCC tissue samples. The results demonstrated that siRNA against MIF significantly downregulated the expression levels of MIF in all OSCC cells, and decreased their proliferation and migration ability. Colony formation ability was also inhibited in the OSCC cells following transfection with MIF siRNA. Furthermore, western blotting demonstrated that the protein expression of Twist1 was decreased similarly to those of MIF. The protein expression of MMP-2 revealed no change, whereas that of MMP-9 decreased. The protein expression of MIF was detected in OSCC tissue samples with staining predominantly located in the cell membrane and cytoplasm. The present study demonstrated that MIF may be important in the pathogenesis and progression of OSCC, and indicated its potential therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zeng
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Quan
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Xuefeng Xia
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, P.R. China
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15
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Chen YL, Song JJ, Chen XC, Xu W, Zhi Q, Liu YP, Xu HZ, Pan JS, Ren JL, Guleng B. Mechanisms of pyruvate kinase M2 isoform inhibits cell motility in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:9093-102. [PMID: 26290635 PMCID: PMC4533040 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i30.9093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate biological mechanisms underlying pyruvate kinase M2 isoform (PKM2) regulation of cell migration and invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. METHODS HepG2 and Huh-7 hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines were stably transfected and cultured in DMEM (HyClone, Logan, UT, United States). To investigate the effects of PKM2 on cellular proliferation, hepatocellular carcinoma cells were subjected to the Cell Counting Kit-8 (Dojindo, Kamimashiki-gun, Kumamoto, Japan). And investigate the effects of PKM2 on cell signal pathway related with migration and invasion, Western immunoblotting were used to find out the differential proteins. All the antibody used was purchaseed from Cell Signal Technology. In order to explore cell motility used Transwell invasion and wound healing assays. The transwell plate with 0.5 mg/mL collagen type I (BD Bioscience, San Jose, CA)-coated filters. The wound-healing assay was performed in 6-well plates. Total RNA was extracted using TRIzol reagent (Invitrogen, CA, United States) and then reverse transcription was conducted. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis was performed with the ABI 7500 real-time PCR system (Applied Biosystems). We further use digital gene expression tag profiling and identification of differentially expressed genes. RESULTS The cells seeded in four 96-well plates were measured OD450 by conducted Cell Counting Kit-8. From this conduction we observed that both HepG2 and Huh-7 hepatocellular carcinoma cells with silenced PKM2 turn on a proliferate inhibition; however, cell migration and invasion were enhanced compared with the control upon stimulation with epidermal growth factor (EGF). Our results indicate that the knockdown of PKM2 decreased the expression of E-cadherin and enhanced the activity of the EGF/EGFR signaling pathway, furthermore up-regulate the subsequent signal molecular the PLCγ1 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 expression in the hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines HepG2 and Huh-7, which regulates cell motility. These variations we observed were due to the activation of the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signaling pathway after PKM2 knockdown. We also found that the expression of TGFBRI was increased and the phosphorylation of Smad2 was enhanced. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that PKM2 can regulate cell motility through the EGF/EGFR and TGFβ/TGFR signaling pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. CONCLUSION PKM2 play different roles in modulating the proliferation and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells, and this finding could help to guide the future targeted therapies.
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Abu-Hamad S, Israelson A. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor as a component of selective vulnerability of motor neurons in ALS. Rare Dis 2015; 3:e1061164. [PMID: 26459694 PMCID: PMC4588549 DOI: 10.1080/21675511.2015.1061164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive adult-onset neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the selective loss of upper and lower motor neurons. Mutations in superoxide dismutase (SOD1) cause about 20 percent of familial ALS which is accompanied by accumulation of misfolded SOD1 onto intracellular organelles. Recently, we identified the 12 kDa macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) as a chaperone for mutant SOD1 which is abundant in non-neuronal tissues. Purified recombinant MIF was shown to directly inhibit mutant SOD1 misfolding and association with mitochondria and ER. Elevating MIF in neuronal cells inhibited the accumulation of misfolded SOD1 and its association with mitochondria and ER, and extended survival of mutant SOD1-expressing motor neurons. Our results revealed that the levels of MIF protein are very low in motor neurons, implicating low chaperone activity as a component of selective vulnerability of motor neurons to mutant SOD1 misfolding and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah Abu-Hamad
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology; Faculty of Health Sciences; The Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev ; Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Adrian Israelson
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology; Faculty of Health Sciences; The Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev ; Beer Sheva, Israel
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17
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Huang XH, Jian WH, Wu ZF, Zhao J, Wang H, Li W, Xia JT. Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) suppressed cyclin D1 expression and hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation. Oncotarget 2015; 5:5570-80. [PMID: 25015194 PMCID: PMC4170598 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a proinflammatory and immunoregulatory chemokine, plays important roles in cancer-related biological processes. However, few studies have focused on the clinical relevance of MIF and cyclin D1 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCCs). In this study, MIF and cyclin D1 expression levels in HCC tissues and cell lines were significantly upregulated compared with adjacent normal tissues or a normal liver cell line. In HCC specimens, MIF expression positively correlated with cyclin D1 expression. Additionally, MIF and cyclin D1 expression positively correlated with tumor size. MIF knockdown inhibited the proliferation of PLC and HepG2 cells and promoted apoptosis. However, small interfering RNA (siRNA) against MIF did not influence the cell cycle in these cells. In an in vivo xenograft model, MIF knockdown reduced the tumor growth rate. The expression levels of Bcl-2, p-caspase-3, BIM and Bax were upregulated, while the expression levels of cyclin D1, p-Akt and p-ERK were downregulated in MIF-knockdown cells. These findings indicate that MIF siRNA reduces proliferation and increases apoptosis in HCC cells. MIF knockdown inhibits the expression of growth-related proteins and induces the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, supporting a role for MIF as a novel therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Huang
- Laboratory of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei-Hua Jian
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhao-Feng Wu
- Laboratory of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Laboratory of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Laboratory of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen Li
- Laboratory of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jin-Tang Xia
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou First Municipal People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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18
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Macrophage migration inhibitory factor as a chaperone inhibiting accumulation of misfolded SOD1. Neuron 2015; 86:218-32. [PMID: 25801706 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in superoxide dismutase (SOD1) cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a neurodegenerative disease characterized by loss of motor neurons and accompanied by accumulation of misfolded SOD1 onto the cytoplasmic faces of intracellular organelles, including mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Using inhibition of misfolded SOD1 deposition onto mitochondria as an assay, a chaperone activity abundant in nonneuronal tissues is now purified and identified to be the multifunctional macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), whose activities include an ATP-independent protein folding chaperone. Purified MIF is shown to directly inhibit mutant SOD1 misfolding. Elevating MIF in neuronal cells suppresses accumulation of misfolded SOD1 and its association with mitochondria and the ER and extends survival of mutant SOD1-expressing motor neurons. Accumulated MIF protein is identified to be low in motor neurons, implicating correspondingly low chaperone activity as a component of vulnerability to mutant SOD1 misfolding and supporting therapies to enhance intracellular MIF chaperone activity.
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Kim HC, Kim YS, Oh HW, Kim K, Oh SS, Kim JT, Kim BY, Lee SJ, Choe YK, Kim DH, Kim SH, Chae SW, Kim KD, Lee HG. Collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 (CTHRC1) acts via ERK-dependent induction of MMP9 to promote invasion of colorectal cancer cells. Oncotarget 2015; 5:519-29. [PMID: 24504172 PMCID: PMC3964226 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagen triple helix repeat-containing 1 (CTHRC1) is known to be aberrantly upregulated in most human solid tumors, although the functional roles of CTHRC1 in colorectal cancer remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of CTHRC1 upregulation and its role in vivo and in vitro. The expression profile and clinical importance of CTHRC1 were examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical analyses in normal and tumor patient samples. CTHRC1 was detectable in normal tissues, but also was highly expressed in tumor specimens. CTHRC1 upregulation was significantly associated with demethylation of the CTHRC1 promoter in colon cancer cell lines and tumor tissues. Clinicopathologic analyses showed that nodal status and expression of CTHRC1 (95% CI 0.999-3.984, p=0.05) were significant prognostic factors for disease-free survival. Promoter CpG methylation and hypermethylation status were measured by bisulfite sequencing and pyrosequencing analysis. Furthermore, we showed that overexpression of CTHRC1 in the SW480 and HT-29 cell lines increased invasiveness, an effect mediated by extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-dependent upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9). Consistent with this, we found that knockdown of CTHRC1 attenuated ERK activation and cancer cell invasivity. These results demonstrate that CTHRC1 expression is elevated in human colon cancer cell lines and clinical specimens, and promotes cancer cell invasivity through ERK-dependent induction of MMP9 expression. Our results further suggest that high levels of CTHRC1 expression are associated with poor clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Cheol Kim
- Biomedical Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
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Kim E, Yoon SY, Shin YJ. Oxidative Stress in Cornea. OXIDATIVE STRESS IN APPLIED BASIC RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1935-2_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Ong RY, Lum FM, Ng LFP. The fine line between protection and pathology in neurotropic flavivirus and alphavirus infections. Future Virol 2014. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl.14.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Flavivirus and alphavirus are two families of medically important arboviruses known to cause devastating neurologic disease. Exciting knowledge regarding epidemiology, disease and host immune responses are constantly unraveling. In this review, we aim to piece existing knowledge of neurotropic flavi- and alpha-viruses into a general, coherent picture of host–pathogen interactions. Special interest lies in the protective and pathologic host immunity to flavi- and alpha-viral infections, with a strong focus on West Nile virus, Japanese Encephalitis virus and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus as representatives of their family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Yan Ong
- Laboratory of Chikungunya Virus Immunity, Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #04–06 Immunos Biopolis, 138648, Singapore
| | - Fok-Moon Lum
- Laboratory of Chikungunya Virus Immunity, Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #04–06 Immunos Biopolis, 138648, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Lisa FP Ng
- Laboratory of Chikungunya Virus Immunity, Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #04–06 Immunos Biopolis, 138648, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597, Singapore
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Involvement of MIF in basement membrane damage in chronically UVB-exposed skin in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89569. [PMID: 24586879 PMCID: PMC3931804 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Solar ultraviolet (UV) B radiation is known to induce matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that degrade collagen in the basement membrane. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pluripotent cytokine that plays an essential role in the pathophysiology of skin inflammation induced by UV irradiation. This study examined the effects of MIF on basement membrane damage following chronic UVB irradiation in mice. The back skin of MIF transgenic (Tg) and wild-type (WT) mice was exposed to UVB three times a week for 10 weeks. There was a decrease in intact protein levels of type IV collagen and increased basement membrane damage in the exposed skin of the MIF Tg mice compared to that observed in the WT mice. Moreover, the skin of the MIF Tg mice exhibited higher MIF, MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression and protein levels than those observed in the WT mice. We also found that chronic UVB exposure in MIF Tg mice resulted in higher levels of neutrophil infiltration in the dermis compared with that observed in the WT mice. In vitro experiments revealed that MIF induced increases in the MMPs expression, including that of MMP-9 in keratinocytes and MMP-2 in fibroblasts. Cultured neutrophils also secreted MMP-9 stimulated by MIF. Therefore, MIF-mediated basement membrane damage occurs primarily through MMPs activation and neutrophil influx in murine skin following chronic UVB irradiation.
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Obeid E, Nanda R, Fu YX, Olopade OI. The role of tumor-associated macrophages in breast cancer progression (review). Int J Oncol 2013; 43:5-12. [PMID: 23673510 PMCID: PMC3742164 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.1938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well established that the tumor microenvironment plays a major role in the aggressive behavior of malignant solid tumors. Among cell types associated with tumor microenvironment, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the most influential for tumor progression. Breast cancer is characterized by having a large population of TAMs, and experimental models have exposed multiple mechanisms by which TAMs interact with and influence the surrounding tumor cells. The process of metastasis involves tumor cells gaining access to the tissue outside the immediate tumor environment and invading the confining extracellular matrix (ECM). Supporting this process, TAMs secrete proangiogenic factors such as VEGF to build a network of vessels that provide nutrition for tumor cells, but also function as channels of transport into the ECM. Additionally, TAMs release factors to decrease the local pro-inflammatory antitumor response, suppressing it and providing a means of escape of the tumor cells. Similarly, hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment stimulates macrophages to further produce VEGF and suppress the T-cell immune responses, thus, enhancing the evasion of tumor cells and ultimately metastasis. Given the multiple roles of TAMS in breast cancer progression and metastasis, therapies targeting these cells are in development and demonstrate promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Obeid
- Section of Hematology Medical and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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24
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Ribosomal protein S19 is a novel therapeutic agent in inflammatory kidney disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 2013; 124:627-37. [PMID: 23252627 DOI: 10.1042/cs20120526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
RPS19 (ribosomal protein S19), a component of the 40S small ribosomal subunit, has recently been identified to bind the pro-inflammatory cytokine macrophage MIF (migration inhibitory factor). In vitro experiments identify RPS19 as the first endogenous MIF inhibitor by blocking the binding of MIF to its receptor CD74 and MIF functions on monocyte adherence to endothelial cells. In the present study, we sought to establish whether recombinant RPS19 can exert anti-inflammatory effects in a mouse model of anti-GBM (glomerular basement membrane) GN (glomerulonephritis) in which MIF is known to play an important role. Accelerated anti-GBM GN was induced in C57BL/6J mice by immunization with sheep IgG followed 5 days later by administration of sheep anti-mouse GBM serum. Groups of eight mice were treated once daily by intraperitoneal injection with 6 mg of RPS19/kg of body weight or an irrelevant control protein (human secretoglobin 2A1), or received no treatment, from day 0 until being killed on day 10. Mice that received control or no treatment developed severe crescentic anti-GBM disease on day 10 with increased serum creatinine, declined creatinine clearance and increased proteinuria. These changes were associated with up-regulation of MIF and its receptor CD74 activation of ERK (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase) and NF-κB (nuclear factor κB) signalling, prominent macrophage and T-cell infiltration, as well as up-regulation of Th1 [T-bet and IFNγ (interferon γ)] and Th17 [STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) and IL (interleukin)-17A] as well as IL-1β and TNFα (tumour necrosis factor α). In contrast, RPS19 treatment largely prevented the development of glomerular crescents and glomerular necrosis, and prevented renal dysfunction and proteinuria (all P<0.001). Of note, RPS19 blocked up-regulation of MIF and CD74 and inactivated ERK and NF-κB signalling, thereby inhibiting macrophage and T-cell infiltration, Th1 and Th17 responses and up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (all P<0.01). These results demonstrate that RPS19 is a potent anti-inflammatory agent, which appears to work primarily by inhibiting MIF signalling.
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Huang Q, Zhao SL, Tian XY, Li B, Li Z. Increased co-expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor and matrix metalloproteinase 9 is associated with tumor recurrence of meningioma. Int J Med Sci 2013; 10:276-85. [PMID: 23372434 PMCID: PMC3558716 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.5185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE We detected the expression of MIF and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) in meningiomas to determine whether they are valuable recurrence predictor for meningioma. METHODS 67 cases of meningiomas, including 57 benign tumors (WHO grade I) and 10 non-benign tumors (WHO grade II and III), were collected, and expression of MIF and MMP9 in tissue microarray was evaluated immunohistochemically. The correlations between immunostainings and clinicopathological parameters, as well as the follow-up data of patients, were analyzed statistically. RESULTS Increased expressions of both MIF (58.2%, 39/67) and MMP9 (55.2%, 37/67) were significantly associated with microvessel density (MVD) of tumor, but only dual high-expression of MIF and MMP9 was in relation to tumor invasion (P=0.016) and tumor recurrence (P=0.001). Based on univariate analysis, histological grade, tumor invasion and co-expression of MIF and MMP9 were significant predictors for recurrence. However, only histological grade and co-expression of MIF and MMP9 in tumor were independent recurrence factors with a hazard ratio of 49.033 (P=0.002) and 37.766 (P=0.002) in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS Together with histological grade, increased co-expression of MIF and MMP9 in tumor might be a valuable predictor for recurrence, especially for benign meningiomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University. 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Tauber S, Paulsen K, Wolf S, Synwoldt P, Pahl A, Schneider-Stock R, Ullrich O. Regulation of MMP-9 by a WIN-binding site in the monocyte-macrophage system independent from cannabinoid receptors. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48272. [PMID: 23139770 PMCID: PMC3491062 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The cannabinoid system is known to be involved in the regulation of inflammatory processes. Therefore, drugs targeting cannabinoid receptors are considered as candidates for anti-inflammatory and tissue protective therapy. We demonstrated that the prototypical cannabinoid agonist R(+)WIN55,212-2 (WIN) reduced the secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in a murine model of cigarette-smoke induced lung inflammation. In experiments using primary cells and cell lines of the monocyte-macrophage-system we found that binding of the cannabinoid-receptor agonist WIN to a stereo-selective, specific binding site in cells of the monocyte-macrophage-system induced a significant down-regulation of MMP-9 secretion and disturbance of intracellular processing, which subsequently down-regulated MMP-9 mRNA expression via a ERK1/2-phosphorylation-dependent pathway. Surprisingly, the anti-inflammatory effect was independent from classical cannabinoid receptors. Our experiments supposed an involvement of TRPV1, but other yet unidentified sites are also possible. We conclude that cannabinoid-induced control of MMP-9 in the monocyte-macrophage system via a cannabinoid-receptor independent pathway represents a general option for tissue protection during inflammation, such as during lung inflammation and other diseases associated with inflammatory tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svantje Tauber
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Paulsen
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Wolf
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Regine Schneider-Stock
- Institute of Pathology, Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Ullrich
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Machine Design, Engineering Design and Product Development, Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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Veillat V, Sengers V, Metz CN, Roger T, Leboeuf M, Mailloux J, Akoum A. Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Is Involved in a Positive Feedback Loop Increasing Aromatase Expression in Endometriosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2012; 181:917-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Revised: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Ghosh A, DiMusto PD, Ehrlichman LK, Sadiq O, McEvoy B, Futchko JS, Henke PK, Eliason JL, Upchurch GR. The role of extracellular signal-related kinase during abdominal aortic aneurysm formation. J Am Coll Surg 2012; 215:668-680.e1. [PMID: 22917644 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2012.06.414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Revised: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is hypothesized that activation of extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) is critical in activating matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) during abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) formation. STUDY DESIGN C57BL/6 male mice underwent either elastase or heat-inactivated elastase aortic perfusion (n = 9 per group). Mouse aortic smooth muscle cells were transfected with ERK-1 and 2 siRNA along with or without elastase treatment. Mouse and human aortic tissue were analyzed by Western blots, zymograms, and immunohistochemistry, and statistical analysis was done using Graphpad and Image J softwares. RESULTS Western blot and immunohistochemistry documented increased phospho-mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase-1/2 (pMEK-1/2; 153%, p = 0.270 by Western) and pERK (171%, p = 0.004 by Western blot) in the elastase perfused aortas. Male ERK-1(-/-) mice underwent elastase perfusion, and aortic diameter was determined at day 14. ERK-1(-/-) mice failed to develop AAA, and histologic analysis depicted intact collagen and elastin fibers in the aortas. Zymography of aortas of elastase-treated ERK-1(-/-) mice showed lower levels of proMMP2 (p < 0.005) and active MMP2 (p < 0.0001), as well as proMMP9 (p = 0.037) compared with C57BL/6 mice. siRNA transfection of ERK-1 and -2 significantly reduced formation of pro- and active MMP2 (p < 0.01 for both isoforms) in aortic smooth muscle cells treated with elastase in vitro. Human AAA tissue had significantly elevated levels of pMEK-1/2 (150%, p = 0.014) and pERK (159%, p = 0.013) compared with control tissues. CONCLUSIONS The MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase)/ERK pathway is an important modulator of MMPs during AAA formation. Targeting the ERK pathway by reagents that inhibit either the expression or phosphorylation of ERK isoforms could be a potential therapy to prevent AAA formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Ghosh
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Jobst Vascular Research Laboratories, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Macrophage migration inhibitory factor reduces apoptosis in cerebral arteriovenous malformations. Neurosci Lett 2012; 508:84-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2011.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Revised: 12/11/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Terrazas CA, Huitron E, Vazquez A, Juarez I, Camacho GM, Calleja EA, Rodriguez-Sosa M. MIF synergizes with Trypanosoma cruzi antigens to promote efficient dendritic cell maturation and IL-12 production via p38 MAPK. Int J Biol Sci 2011; 7:1298-310. [PMID: 22110382 PMCID: PMC3221366 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.7.1298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 10/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) has been found to be involved in host resistance to several parasitic infections. To determine the mechanisms of the MIF-dependent responses to Trypanosoma cruzi, we investigated host resistance in MIF-/- mice (on the BALB/c background) during an intraperitoneal infection. We focused on the potential involvement of MIF in dendritic cell (DC) maturation and cytokine production. Following a challenge with 5 x 103T. cruzi parasites, wild type (WT) mice developed a strong IL-12 response and adequate maturation of the draining mesenteric lymph node DCs and were resistant to infection. In contrast, similarly infected MIF-/- mice mounted a weak IL-12 response, displayed immature DCs in the early phases of infection and rapidly succumbed to T. cruzi infection. The lack of maturation and IL-12 production by the DCs in response to total T. cruzi antigen (TcAg) was confirmed by in vitro studies. These effects were reversed following treatment with recombinant MIF. Interestingly, TcAg-stimulated bone marrow-derived DCs from both WT and MIF-/- mice had increased ERK1/2 MAPK phosphorylation. In contrast, p38 phosphorylation was only upregulated in WT DCs. Reconstitution of MIF to MIF-/- DCs upregulated p38 phosphorylation. The MIF-p38 pathway affected MHC-II and CD86 expression as well as IL-12 production. These findings demonstrate that the MIF-induced early DC maturation and IL-12 production mediates resistance to T. cruzi infection, probably by activating the p38 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar A Terrazas
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México-UNAM, C. P. 54090 Estado de México, Mexico
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Xiao DZ, Dai B, Chen J, Luo Q, Liu XY, Lin QX, Li XH, Huang W, Yu XY. Loss of macrophage migration inhibitory factor impairs the growth properties of human HeLa cervical cancer cells. Cell Prolif 2011; 44:582-90. [PMID: 21991924 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2011.00787.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to determine the role of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a proinflammatory cytokine associated with cell proliferation and tumour growth in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS Our team used RNA interference technology to knock down MIF expression in human HeLa cervical cancer cells and to establish a stable cell line lacking MIF function. RESULTS Our results showed that long-term loss of MIF had little effect on cell morphology, but significantly inhibited their population growth and proliferation. The HeLa MIF-knockdown cells retained normal apoptotic signalling pathways in response to TNF-alpha treatment; however, they exhibited unique DNA profiles following doxorubicin treatment, suggesting that MIF may regulate a cell cycle checkpoint upon DNA damage. Our data also showed that knockdown of MIF expression in HeLa cells led to increased cell adhesion and therefore impaired their migratory capacity. More importantly, cells lacking MIF failed to either proliferate in soft agar or form tumours in vivo, when administered to nude mice. CONCLUSION MIF plays a pivotal role in proliferation and tumourigenesis of human HeLa cervical carcinoma cells, and may represent a promising therapeutic target for cancer intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Z Xiao
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Yu XY, Chen HM, Liang JL, Lin QX, Tan HH, Fu YH, Liu XY, Shan ZX, Li XH, Yang HZ, Yang M, Li Y, Lin SG. Hyperglycemic myocardial damage is mediated by proinflammatory cytokine: macrophage migration inhibitory factor. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16239. [PMID: 21283592 PMCID: PMC3026813 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes has been regarded as an inflammatory condition which is associated with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD). The purpose of this study was to examine the expression levels of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) in patients with early diabetic cardiomyopathy, and to investigate the mechanisms involved in MIF expression and GRK2 activation. Methods 83 patients in the age range of 30-64 years with type 2 diabetes and 30 matched healthy men were recruited. Left ventricular diastolic function was evaluated by cardiac Doppler echocardiography. Plasma MIF levels were determined by ELISA. To confirm the clinical observation, we also studied MIF expression in prediabetic rats with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and relationship between MIF and GRK2 expression in H9C2 cardiomyoblasts exposed to high glucose. Results Compared with healthy subjects, patients with diabetes have significantly increased levels of plasma MIF which was further increased in diabetic patients with Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD). The increased plasma MIF levels in diabetic patients correlated with plasma glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin and urine albumin levels. We observed a significant number of TUNEL-positive cells in the myocardium of IGT-rats but not in the control rats. Moreover, we found higher MIF expression in the heart of IGT with cardiac dysfunction compared to that of the controls. In H9C2 cardiomyoblast cells, MIF and GRK2 expression was significantly increased in a glucose concentration-dependant manner. Furthermore, GRK2 expression was abolished by siRNA knockdown of MIF and by the inhibition of CXCR4 in H9C2 cells. Conclusions Our findings indicate that hyperglycemia is a causal factor for increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine MIF which plays a role in the development of cardiomyopathy occurring in patients with type 2 diabetes. The elevated levels of MIF are associated with cardiac dysfunction in diabetic patients, and the MIF effects are mediated by GRK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Yong Yu
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (X-YY); (YL); (S-GL)
| | - Hong-Mei Chen
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Division of Endocrinology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Liang Liang
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu-Xiong Lin
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Hong Tan
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Heng Fu
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ying Liu
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Xin Shan
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Hong Li
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua-Zhang Yang
- Division of Endocrinology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Yang
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangxin Li
- Texas Heart Institute and University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (X-YY); (YL); (S-GL)
| | - Shu-Guang Lin
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (X-YY); (YL); (S-GL)
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Lue H, Dewor M, Leng L, Bucala R, Bernhagen J. Activation of the JNK signalling pathway by macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and dependence on CXCR4 and CD74. Cell Signal 2011; 23:135-44. [PMID: 20807568 PMCID: PMC3586206 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2010.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Revised: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 08/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) is a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family and controls essential processes such as inflammation, cell differentiation, and apoptosis. JNK signalling is triggered by extracellular signals such as cytokines and environmental stresses. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pleiotropic pro-inflammatory cytokine with chemokine-like functions in leukocyte recruitment and atherosclerosis. MIF promotes MAPK signalling through ERK1/2, while it can either activate or inhibit JNK phosphorylation, depending on the cell type and underlying stimulation context. MIF activities are mediated by non-cognate interactions with the CXC chemokine receptors CXCR2 and CXCR4 or by ligation of CD74, which is the cell surface expressed form of the class II invariant chain. ERK1/2 signalling stimulated by MIF is dependent on CD74, but the receptor pathway involved in MIF activation of the JNK pathway is unknown. Here we comprehensively characterize the stimulatory effect of MIF on the canonical JNK/c-Jun/AP-1 pathway in fibroblasts and T cell lines and identify the upstream signalling components. Physiological concentrations of recombinant MIF triggered the phosphorylation of JNK and c-Jun and rapidly activated AP-1. In T cells, MIF-mediated activation of the JNK pathway led to upregulated gene expression of the inflammatory chemokine CXCL8. Activation of JNK signalling by MIF involved the upstream kinases PI3K and SRC and was found to be dependent on CXCR4 and CD74. Together, these data show that the CXCR4/CD74/SRC/PI3K axis mediates a rapid and transient activation of the JNK pathway as triggered by the inflammatory cytokine MIF in T cells and fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqi Lue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Manfred Dewor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Lin Leng
- Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8031, USA
| | - Richard Bucala
- Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8031, USA
| | - Jürgen Bernhagen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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Schoenfeld J, Jinushi M, Nakazaki Y, Wiener D, Park J, Soiffer R, Neuberg D, Mihm M, Hodi FS, Dranoff G. Active immunotherapy induces antibody responses that target tumor angiogenesis. Cancer Res 2010; 70:10150-60. [PMID: 21159637 PMCID: PMC3057563 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-1852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The inhibition of VEGF signaling with antibodies or small molecules achieves clinical benefits in diverse solid malignancies. Nonetheless, therapeutic effects are usually not sustained, and most patients eventually succumb to progressive disease, indicating that antiangiogenic strategies require additional optimization. Vaccination with lethally irradiated, autologous tumor cells engineered to secrete granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and antibody blockade of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) trigger a tumor vasculopathy in some long-term responding subjects. These reactions are characterized by disrupted tumor blood vessels in association with lymphocyte and granulocyte infiltrates and zonal areas of ischemic tumor necrosis. However, the mechanisms underlying this immune-mediated destruction of the tumor vasculature remain to be clarified. Here, we show that GM-CSF-secreting tumor cell vaccines and CTLA-4 blockade elicit a functionally important humoral reaction against multiple angiogenic cytokines. Antibodies to angiopoietin-1 and angiopoietin-2 block Tie-2 binding, downstream signaling, endothelial cell tube formation, and macrophage chemotaxis. Antibodies to macrophage inhibitory factor (MIF) attenuate macrophage Tie-2 expression and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) production. Together, these results delineate an immunotherapy-induced host response that broadly targets the angiogenic network in the tumor microenvironment.
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MESH Headings
- Angiopoietin-1/immunology
- Angiopoietin-2/immunology
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Neoplasm/immunology
- Antibody Formation
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- CTLA-4 Antigen
- Cancer Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Cancer Vaccines/immunology
- Gene Library
- Humans
- Immunity, Humoral
- Immunotherapy, Active/methods
- Melanoma/immunology
- Melanoma/therapy
- Melanoma, Experimental/genetics
- Melanoma, Experimental/immunology
- Mice
- Neoplasms/blood supply
- Neoplasms/immunology
- Neoplasms/therapy
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/immunology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/therapy
- Receptor, TIE-2/immunology
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Schoenfeld
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Vaccine Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Harvard Radiation Oncology Program and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Masahisa Jinushi
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Vaccine Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Research Center for Infection-associated Cancer, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Yukoh Nakazaki
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Vaccine Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Daniel Wiener
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Vaccine Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Joosang Park
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Vaccine Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Robert Soiffer
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Vaccine Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Donna Neuberg
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Martin Mihm
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - F. Stephen Hodi
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Vaccine Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Glenn Dranoff
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Vaccine Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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Padrissa-Altés S, Zaouali MA, Franco-Gou R, Bartrons R, Boillot O, Rimola A, Arroyo V, Rodés J, Peralta C, Roselló-Catafau J. Matrix metalloproteinase 2 in reduced-size liver transplantation: beyond the matrix. Am J Transplant 2010; 10:1167-77. [PMID: 20353474 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2010.03092.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We studied the contribution of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) to the beneficial effects of preconditioning (PC) in reduced-size orthotopic liver transplantation (ROLT). We also examined the role of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and whether it regulates MMP2 in these conditions. Animals were subjected to ROLT with or without PC and pharmacological modulation, and liver tissue samples were then analyzed. We found that MMP2, but notMMP9, is involved in the beneficial effects of PC in ROLT. MMP2 reduced hepatic injury and enhanced liver regeneration. Moreover, inhibition of MMP2 in PC reduced animal survival after transplantation. JNK inhibition in the PC group decreased hepatic injury and enhanced liver regeneration. Furthermore, JNK upregulated MMP2 in PC. In addition, we showed that Tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases 2 (TIMP2) was also upregulated in PC and that JNK modulation also altered its levels in ROLT and PC. Our results open up new possibilities for therapeutic treatments to reduce I/R injury and increase liver regeneration after ROLT, which are the main limitations in living-donor transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Padrissa-Altés
- Experimental Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Barcelona, Spain
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36
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Dutta K, Mishra MK, Nazmi A, Kumawat KL, Basu A. Minocycline differentially modulates macrophage mediated peripheral immune response following Japanese encephalitis virus infection. Immunobiology 2009; 215:884-93. [PMID: 20153075 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2009.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2009] [Accepted: 12/15/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a neurotropic flavivirus that is the causative agent of a major mosquito-borne encephalitis in the world. Evasion of peripheral immune system facilitates the entry of the virus into the central nervous system (CNS) where it causes extensive neuronal inflammatory damage that leads to death or severe neuropschychiatric sequel in survivors. It has been proposed that after entry into the body, the virus is carried into the CNS by peripheral immune cells that act as Trojan horses. In this study we investigate whether macrophages can be considered as such a Trojan horse. We also investigate the role of minocycline, a synthetic tetracycline, in such processes. Minocycline has been found to be broadly protective in neurological disease models featuring inflammation and cell death but there has been no report of it having any modulatory role in peripheral macrophage-mediated immune response against viral infection. Persistence of internalized virus within macrophages was visualized by immunofluorescent staining. Cytotoxicity assay revealed that there was no significant cell death after 24 h and 72 h infection with JEV. Proinflammatory cytokine levels were elevated in cells that were infected with JEV but it was abrogated following minocycline treatment. Reactive oxygen species level was also increased after JEV infection. Nitric oxide level was found to increase after 72 h post infection but remained unchanged after 24h. The cellular levels of signaling molecules such as PI3 kinase, phophoAkt and phospho p38MAP kinase were found to be altered after JEV infection and minocycline treatment. JEV infection also affected the VEGF-MMP pathway. Increased activity of MMP-9 was detected from JEV-infected macrophage culture supernatants after 72 h; minocycline treatment resulted in reduced activity. Thus it seems that minocycline dampens peripheral immune reactions by decreasing proinflammatory cytokine release from infected macrophages and the virus survives within macrophages long enough to be carried into the CNS, even though minocycline inhibits cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kallol Dutta
- National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Haryana-122050, India
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37
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Abstract
Sustained hemodynamic stresses, especially high blood flow, result in flow-induced outward vascular remodeling. Our previous study showed that macrophage depletion reduced flow-induced outward remodeling of the rat common carotid artery, indicating that macrophages are critical in flow-induced outward vascular remodeling. Macrophage is known to release proteinases, including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Degradation and loosening of extracellular matrix by MMPs may facilitate vascular remodeling. Therefore, we assessed the functions of MMPs in flow-induced outward vascular remodeling by using the flow-augmented common carotid artery model in mice. We validated that ligation of the left common carotid artery increased blood flow and luminal diameter of the right common carotid artery without significant change in blood pressure of mice. To assess the functions of MMPs in flow-induced outward vascular remodeling, we used doxycycline (broad-spectrum MMP inhibitor), SB-3CT (selective MMP inhibitor), MMP-9 knockout mice, and MMP-12 knockout mice. Although there was only a trend for doxycycline treatment to reduce flow-induced outward vascular remodeling, SB-3CT treatment significantly reduced flow-induced outward vascular remodeling. In addition, flow-induced outward vascular remodeling was significantly reduced in MMP-9 knockout mice, but not in MMP-12 knockout mice. These data revealed that MMPs, especially MMP-9, are critical in flow-induced outward vascular remodeling.
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38
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Bargagli E, Olivieri C, Nikiforakis N, Cintorino M, Magi B, Perari MG, Vagaggini C, Spina D, Prasse A, Rottoli P. Analysis of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2009; 167:261-7. [PMID: 19464392 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2009.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2009] [Revised: 05/12/2009] [Accepted: 05/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
By proteomic approach we previously characterised bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) protein profiles of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), sarcoidosis and systemic sclerosis. Among differently expressed proteins we identified macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a multi-function pleiotropic cytokine. This study was performed to validate our findings by a further proteomic approach and ELISA in a larger population of patients and controls. MIF expression in lung tissue was also evaluated by immunohistochemistry. MIF was identified in all 2-DE gels of IPF patients and it was significantly increased compared to controls (p<0.05). This result was confirmed by ELISA: MIF concentrations were significantly higher in IPF patients than controls (p<0.001) and were directly correlated with neutrophil percentages (p=0.0095). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed enhanced expression in bronchiolar epithelium, alveolar epithelium, and fibroblastic foci. In conclusion, MIF is a pleiotropic cytokine that could be involved in the pathogenesis of IPF, being particularly abundant in BAL of these patients and mainly expressed in the areas of active fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bargagli
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Immunology, Respiratory Diseases Section, Siena University, Viale Bracci 1, Siena, Italy.
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39
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Klein RS, Diamond MS. Immunological headgear: antiviral immune responses protect against neuroinvasive West Nile virus. Trends Mol Med 2008; 14:286-94. [PMID: 18539532 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2008.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2008] [Revised: 05/01/2008] [Accepted: 05/01/2008] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
With the emergence of epidemic strains of West Nile virus (WNV) in North America, there has been a surge in new research and knowledge regarding the peripheral immune responses that prevent neuroinvasion, the routes of WNV entry into the central nervous system (CNS) and the critical CNS immune responses that promote viral clearance and recovery at this anatomic site. WNV infection induces archetypal antiviral immune responses that, in most cases, lead to elimination of the virus with relatively few immunopathological consequences. Here, we present our current understanding of the innate and adaptive immune responses that limit dissemination to the CNS from WNV infection and the antiviral immune responses within the CNS that intervene when they fail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn S Klein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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40
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Santos LL, Dacumos A, Yamana J, Sharma L, Morand EF. Reduced arthritis in MIF deficient mice is associated with reduced T cell activation: down-regulation of ERK MAP kinase phosphorylation. Clin Exp Immunol 2008; 152:372-80. [PMID: 18341611 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2008.03639.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pleiotropic pro-inflammatory cytokine with many cellular targets in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). MIF has been reported to activate cells via mitogen-activated protein kinase and serine/threonine kinase (AKT or protein kinase B)-dependent signal transduction pathways. Its contribution to T cell activation and signalling in RA is not known. Using MIF -/- mice and a T cell-mediated model of RA, antigen-induced arthritis, we investigated the role of MIF in T cell activation and signalling. Arthritis severity was significantly reduced in MIF -/- mice compared with wildtype mice. This reduction was associated with decreased T cell activation parameters including footpad delayed type hypersensitivity, antigen-induced splenocyte proliferation and cytokine production. Splenocyte proliferation required extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 phosphorylation, and decreased T cell activation in MIF -/- mice was associated with decreased phosphorylation of ERK1/2 but not AKT. Collectively, these data suggest that MIF promotes antigen-specific immune responses via regulation of ERK phosphorylation in T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Santos
- Monash University, Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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41
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Arjona A, Foellmer HG, Town T, Leng L, McDonald C, Wang T, Wong SJ, Montgomery RR, Fikrig E, Bucala R. Abrogation of macrophage migration inhibitory factor decreases West Nile virus lethality by limiting viral neuroinvasion. J Clin Invest 2007; 117:3059-66. [PMID: 17909632 PMCID: PMC1994625 DOI: 10.1172/jci32218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2007] [Accepted: 07/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The flavivirus West Nile virus (WNV) is an emerging pathogen that causes life-threatening encephalitis in susceptible individuals. We investigated the role of the proinflammatory cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), which is an upstream mediator of innate immunity, in WNV immunopathogenesis. We found that patients suffering from acute WNV infection presented with increased MIF levels in plasma and in cerebrospinal fluid. MIF expression also was induced in WNV-infected mice. Remarkably, abrogation of MIF action by 3 distinct approaches (antibody blockade, small molecule pharmacologic inhibition, and genetic deletion) rendered mice more resistant to WNV lethality. Mif(-/-) mice showed a reduced viral load and inflammatory response in the brain when compared with wild-type mice. Our results also indicate that MIF favors viral neuroinvasion by compromising the integrity of the blood-brain barrier. In conclusion, the data obtained from this study provide direct evidence for the involvement of MIF in viral pathogenesis and suggest that pharmacotherapeutic approaches targeting MIF may hold promise for the treatment of WNV encephalitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Arjona
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, and
Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Diagnostic Immunology Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Harald G. Foellmer
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, and
Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Diagnostic Immunology Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Terrence Town
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, and
Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Diagnostic Immunology Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Lin Leng
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, and
Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Diagnostic Immunology Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Courtney McDonald
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, and
Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Diagnostic Immunology Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Tian Wang
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, and
Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Diagnostic Immunology Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Susan J. Wong
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, and
Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Diagnostic Immunology Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Ruth R. Montgomery
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, and
Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Diagnostic Immunology Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Erol Fikrig
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, and
Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Diagnostic Immunology Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Richard Bucala
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, and
Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Diagnostic Immunology Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
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Dewor M, Steffens G, Krohn R, Weber C, Baron J, Bernhagen J. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) promotes fibroblast migration in scratch-wounded monolayers in vitro. FEBS Lett 2007; 581:4734-42. [PMID: 17854804 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.08.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2007] [Revised: 08/13/2007] [Accepted: 08/29/2007] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
MIF was recently redefined as an inflammatory cytokine, which functions as a critical mediator of diseases such as septic shock, rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, and cancer. MIF also regulates wound healing processes. Given that fibroblast migration is a central event in wound healing and that MIF was recently demonstrated to promote leukocyte migration through an interaction with G-protein-coupled receptors, we investigated the effect of MIF on fibroblast migration in wounded monolayers in vitro. Transient but not permanent exposure of primary mouse or human fibroblasts with MIF significantly promoted wound closure, a response that encompassed both a proliferative and a pro-migratory component. Importantly, MIF-induced fibroblast activation was accompanied by an induction of calcium signalling, whereas chronic exposure with MIF down-regulated the calcium transient, suggesting receptor desensitization as the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Dewor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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