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Park KH, Cho H, Suh J, Oh T, Park Y, Park S, Sohn E, Chae C. Field evaluation of novel plant-derived porcine circovirus type 2 vaccine related to subclinical infection. Vet Med Sci 2023; 9:2703-2710. [PMID: 37665771 PMCID: PMC10650242 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this field trial was to evaluate the efficacy of a new plant-based porcine circovirus type 2a (PCV2a) vaccine. This vaccine was a recombinant capsid subunit PCV2a vaccine based on the Nicotiana benthamiana expression system. METHODS Three farms were selected for the study based on their history of subclinical PCV2 infection. A total of 40 18-day-old pigs were randomly allocated to either vaccinated or unvaccinated groups (20 pigs per group; 10 = male and 10 = female). Pigs received a 2.0-mL dose of the plant-based PCV2a vaccine intramuscularly at 21 days of age in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations, whereas unvaccinated pigs were administered a single dose of phosphate buffered-saline at the same age. RESULTS Vaccination had a positive effect on pig growth performance compared to that of unvaccinated pigs on all three of the farms. Vaccination of pigs with a plant-based PCV2a vaccine induced high levels of neutralizing antibodies titres against PCV2d and PCV2d-specific interferon-γ secreting cells which resulted in the reduction of PCV2d viral load and reduced lymphoid lesions severity. CONCLUSIONS The results of this field trial demonstrated cross-protection of PCV2d by a plant-based PCV2a vaccine and a positive effect of pig growth performance with vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kee Hwan Park
- Department of Veterinary PathologyCollege of Veterinary MedicineSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Hyejean Cho
- Department of Veterinary PathologyCollege of Veterinary MedicineSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Jeongmin Suh
- Department of Veterinary PathologyCollege of Veterinary MedicineSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Taehwan Oh
- Department of Veterinary PathologyCollege of Veterinary MedicineSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Youngmin Park
- BioApplications Inc., Pohang Techno Park ComplexPohangRepublic of Korea
| | - Soohong Park
- BioApplications Inc., Pohang Techno Park ComplexPohangRepublic of Korea
| | - Eun‐Ju Sohn
- BioApplications Inc., Pohang Techno Park ComplexPohangRepublic of Korea
| | - Chanhee Chae
- Department of Veterinary PathologyCollege of Veterinary MedicineSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
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Ham S, Suh J, Oh T, Kim C, Seo BJ, Chae C. Efficacy of a novel bivalent vaccine containing porcine circovirus type 2d and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae against a dual PCV2d and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae challenge. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1176091. [PMID: 37565086 PMCID: PMC10410152 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1176091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Information on efficacy of a novel bivalent vaccine containing porcine circovirus type 2d (PCV2d) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Objective To evaluate bivalent vaccine for efficacy under experimental conditions. Animals Clinically healthy 35 weaned piglets at 18 days of age were used. Methods A 2.0 mL dose of bivalent vaccine was administered intramuscularly to pigs at 21 days of age in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. The pigs were challenged at 42 days of age either intranasally with PCV2d, or intratracheally with M. hyopneumoniae, or with both. Results Vaccinated-challenged pigs improved the growth performance compared to pigs that were unvaccinated and then, challenged. Vaccinated-challenged pigs elicited a significant amount of protective immunity for PCV2d-specific neutralizing antibodies and interferon-γ secreting cells (IFN-γ-SC) as well as for M. hyopneumoniae-specific IFN-γ-SC compared to unvaccinated/challenged pigs. Induction of systemic cellular and humoral immune responses from bivalent vaccination reduced the viral and mycoplasmal loads in the blood and larynx. Vaccination and challenge simultaneously reduced both lung and lymphoid lesion severity when compared to unvaccinated-challenged pigs. Discussion The results of this study demonstrated that the evaluated bivalent PCV2d and M. hyopneumoniae vaccine was efficacious in protecting pigs from the most predominant PCV2d genotype in the field today, as evaluated with a dual PCV2d and M. hyopneumoniae challenge under experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehyeong Ham
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongmin Suh
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehwan Oh
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Chanhee Chae
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Suh J, Oh T, Chae C. An evaluation of intradermal all-in-one vaccine based on an inactivated recombinant Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae strain expressing porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) capsid protein against Korean stains of PCV2d and M. hyopneumoniae challenge. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 90-91:101911. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2022.101911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Wang F, Hu M, Li N, Sun X, Xing G, Zheng G, Jin Q, Liu Y, Cui C, Zhang G. Precise Assembly of Multiple Antigens on Nanoparticles with Specially Designed Affinity Peptides. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:39843-39857. [PMID: 35998372 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c10684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Antigen proteins, assembled on nanoparticles, can be recognized by antigen-presenting cells effectively to enhance antigen immunogenicity. The ability to simultaneously display multiantigens on the same nanoparticle could have numerous applications but remained technical challenges. Here, we described a method for precise assembly of multiple antigens on nanoparticles with specially designed affinity peptides. First, we designed and screened affinity peptides with high affinity and specificity, which could respectively target the key amino acid residues of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) E2 protein or porcine circovirus type 2 capsid protein (PCV2 Cap) accurately. Then, we conjugated the antigen proteins to poly(lactic acid-glycolic acid) copolymer (PLGA) and Gram-positive enhancer matrix (GEM) nanoparticles through the peptides and perfectly assembled two kinds of multiantigen display nanoparticles with different particle sizes. Subsequently, the immunological properties of the assembled nanoparticles were tested. The results showed that the antigen display nanoparticles could promote the maturation, phagocytosis, and proinflammatory effects of antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Besides, compared with the antigen proteins, multiantigen display nanoparticles could induce much higher levels of antibodies and neutralizing antibodies in mice. This strategy may provide a technical support for the study of protein structure and the research and development of polyvalent vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Man Hu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Ning Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Xuefeng Sun
- Key Laboratory for Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Guangxu Xing
- Key Laboratory for Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Guanmin Zheng
- Public Health and Preventive Medicine Teaching and Research Center, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Qianyue Jin
- Key Laboratory for Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Yunchao Liu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Chenxu Cui
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
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Noh YH, Kim SC, Jeong CG, Lee SC, Lee DU, Yoon IJ, Kim WI. Pathological Evaluation of Porcine Circovirus 2d (PCV2d) Strain and Comparative Evaluation of PCV2d and PCV2b Inactivated Vaccines against PCV2d Infection in a Specific Pathogen-Free (SPF) Yucatan Miniature Pig Model. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10091469. [PMID: 36146547 PMCID: PMC9501194 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10091469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is an economically important swine pathogen that causes porcine circovirus-associated diseases (PCVADs). The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of specific pathogen-free Yucatan miniature pigs (YMPs) as an experimental model for PCV2d challenge and vaccine assessment because PCV2-negative pigs are extremely rare in conventional swine herds in Korea. In the first experiment, every three pigs were subjected to PCV2d field isolate or mock challenge. During three weeks of experiments, the PCV2d infection group exhibited clinical outcomes of PCVAD with high viral loads, lymphoid depletion, and detection of PCV2d antigens in lymphoid organs by immunohistochemistry. In the second experiment, three groups of pigs were challenged with PCV2d after immunization for three weeks: a nonvaccinated group (three pigs), a PCV2b-Vac group vaccinated with a commercial PCV2b-based inactivated vaccine SuiShot® Circo-ONE (five pigs), and a PCV2d-Vac group vaccinated with an experimental PCV2d-based inactivated vaccine (five pigs). During the three weeks of the challenge period, nonvaccinated pigs showed similar clinical outcomes to those observed in the PCV2d infection group from the first experiment. In contrast, both the PCV2b and PCV2d vaccinations produced good levels of protection against PCV2d challenge, as evidenced by reduced viral loads, improved growth performance, high virus-neutralizing antibody titers, and less development of PCV2-associated pathological lesions. Taken together, these data suggest that YMPs could be an alternative model for PCV2 challenge experiments, and these animals displayed typical clinical and pathological features and characteristics of protective immunity induced by the vaccines that were consistent with those resulting from PCV2 infections in conventional pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hee Noh
- Choong Ang Vaccine Laboratories Co., Ltd., Daejeon 34055, Korea
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
| | - Seung-Chai Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
| | - Chang-Gi Jeong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
| | - Seung-Chul Lee
- Choong Ang Vaccine Laboratories Co., Ltd., Daejeon 34055, Korea
| | - Dong-Uk Lee
- Choong Ang Vaccine Laboratories Co., Ltd., Daejeon 34055, Korea
| | - In-Joong Yoon
- Choong Ang Vaccine Laboratories Co., Ltd., Daejeon 34055, Korea
| | - Won-Il Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-270-3981
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Efficacy test of a plant-based porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) virus-like particle vaccine against four PCV2 genotypes (2a, 2b, 2d, and 2e) in pigs. Vet Microbiol 2022; 272:109512. [PMID: 35853407 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a recombinant porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) vaccine based from a Nicotiana benthamiana expression system against four different co-challenges with PCV2 genotypes (2a, 2b, 2d, and 2e) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Pigs in the vaccinated groups each received a 1.0 mL intramuscularly of plant-based PCV2a vaccine in the neck muscle at 21 days of age. Vaccinates were then co-challenged with a combination of one of four PCV2 genotypes (2a, 2b, 2d, and 2e) and PRRSV at 42 days of age. Regardless of the PCV2 genotype used for challenge, vaccination significantly reduced clinical signs, reduced the level of PCV2 load in both blood and lymph nodes, and reduced the severity of lymphoid lesions in pigs. Vaccination resulted in significantly higher titers of neutralizing antibody against the corresponding PCV2 genotype evaluated and increased the frequency of PCV2-specific interferon-γ secreting cells. The results of this study demonstrated that a plant-based PCV2 vaccine conferred protection against a dual challenge with four different PCV2 genotypes when combined with PRRSV based on clinical, virological, immunological and pathological evaluation.
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Li YA, Sun Y, Zhang Y, Wang S, Shi H. Live attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis vector delivering a virus-like particles induces a protective immune response against porcine circovirus type 2 in mice. Vaccine 2022; 40:4732-4741. [PMID: 35773121 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The virus-like particles (VLPs) of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is an attractive vaccine candidate that retains the natural conformation of the virion but lacks the viral genome to replicate, thus balancing safety and immunogenicity. However, the assembly of VLPs requires cumbersome subsequent processes, hindering the development of related vaccines. In addition, as a subunit antigen, VLPs are defective in inducing cellular and mucosal immune responses. In this study, the capsid (Cap) protein of PCV2 was synthesized and self-assembled into VLPs in the recombinant attenuated S. Choleraesuis vector, rSC0016(pS-Cap). Furthermore, rSC0016(pS-Cap) induced a Cap-specific Th1-dominant immune response, mucosal immune responses, and neutralizing antibodies against PCV2. Finally, the virus genome copies in mice immunized with the rSC0016(pS-Cap) were significantly lower than those of the empty vector control group after challenge with PCV2. In conclusion, our study demonstrates the potential of using S. Choleraesuis vectors to delivery VLPs, providing new ideas for the development of PCV2 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-An Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yanni Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yuqin Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shifeng Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0880, USA
| | - Huoying Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University (JIRLAAPS), Yangzhou, China.
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Cho H, Oh T, Suh J, Chae C. A Comparative Field Evaluation of the Effect of Growth Performance Between Porcine Circovirus Type 2a (PCV2a)- and PCV2b-Based Bivalent Vaccines Containing PCV2 and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:859344. [PMID: 35812885 PMCID: PMC9263624 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.859344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare two different bivalent vaccines containing porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. One vaccine contained PCV2a and the other contained PCV2b, and both were administered on a farm suffering from subclinical PCV2d infection and enzootic pneumonia. A total of 180 pigs were randomly divided into 3 groups (60 pigs per group; male pigs = 30 and female pigs = 30). Bivalent vaccination significantly improved growth performance in both vaccinated groups as compared to the unvaccinated (UnVac) group. Growth performance measured by body weight and average daily weight gain (ADWG) was not significantly different between the two bivalent-vaccinated groups (VacA and VacB). Both bivalent vaccines elicited high levels of neutralizing antibodies and interferon-γ secreting cells (IFN-γ-SC) against PCV2d, leading to a reduction in the levels of PCV2d blood viral load as compared to unvaccinated animals. Similarly, both bivalent vaccines elicited high levels of IFN-γ-SC against M. hyopneumoniae that reduced the level of M. hyopneumoniae laryngeal viral loads as compared to unvaccinated animals. Significant differences in severity of lung and lymphoid lesions were observed in both vaccinated groups as compared to the UnVac group. These comparative field data demonstrated that both bivalent vaccines are good candidates for controlling subclinical PCV2d infection and enzootic pneumonia in swine farms suffering from an existing infection.
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Um H, Yang S, Oh T, Cho H, Park KH, Suh J, Chae C. A field efficacy trial of a trivalent vaccine containing porcine circovirus type 2a and 2b, and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in three herds. Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:578-590. [PMID: 34687172 PMCID: PMC8959324 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This field trial was designed to evaluate the efficacy of a new trivalent vaccine containing porcine circovirus type 2a and 2b (PCV2a/b), and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae at three independent locations. METHODS Three farms were selected based on their history of PCV2 and M. hyopneumoniae co-infection. Each farm housed a total of 60, 3-day-old pigs that were randomly allocated to one of three treatment groups. Pigs were administered the trivalent vaccine intramuscularly with either a 1.0 ml dose at 3 and 24 days of age or a 2.0 ml dose at 21 days of age in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. RESULTS Clinically, the average daily weight gain of the one-dose and two-dose vaccinated groups within all three farms was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those of unvaccinated animals during the growing (70-112 days of age), finishing (112-175 days of age) and overall (3-175 days of age) stages of production. One-dose and two-dose vaccinated animals elicited neutralizing antibodies and interferon-γ-secreting cells (IFN-γ-SC), which reduced the amount of PCV2 in terms of blood load and reduced the severity of lymphoid lesions when compared with unvaccinated animals. Similarly, one-dose and two-dose vaccinated animals elicited IFN-γ-SC, which reduced the amount of M. hyopneumoniae in terms of laryngeal load and reduced the severity of lung lesions. CONCLUSIONS The intramuscular administration of either one or two doses of trivalent vaccine was not significantly different in any of the evaluated parameters. The results of field trial demonstrated that the trivalent vaccine was efficacious in the protection of swine herds where PCV2d and M. hyopneumoniae were in active circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungmin Um
- College of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Veterinary PathologySeoul National UniversityGwanak‐guRepublic of Korea
| | - Siyeon Yang
- College of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Veterinary PathologySeoul National UniversityGwanak‐guRepublic of Korea
| | - Taehwan Oh
- College of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Veterinary PathologySeoul National UniversityGwanak‐guRepublic of Korea
| | - Hyejean Cho
- College of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Veterinary PathologySeoul National UniversityGwanak‐guRepublic of Korea
| | - Kee Hwan Park
- College of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Veterinary PathologySeoul National UniversityGwanak‐guRepublic of Korea
| | - Jeongmin Suh
- College of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Veterinary PathologySeoul National UniversityGwanak‐guRepublic of Korea
| | - Chanhee Chae
- College of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Veterinary PathologySeoul National UniversityGwanak‐guRepublic of Korea
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A Triple Gene-Deleted Pseudorabies Virus-Vectored Subunit PCV2b and CSFV Vaccine Protects Pigs against PCV2b Challenge and Induces Serum Neutralizing Antibody Response against CSFV. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10020305. [PMID: 35214763 PMCID: PMC8878206 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10020305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is endemic worldwide. PCV2 causes immunosuppressive infection. Co-infection of pigs with other swine viruses, such as pseudorabies virus (PRV) and classical swine fever virus (CSFV), have fatal outcomes, causing the swine industry significant economic losses in many if not all pig-producing countries. Currently available inactivated/modified-live/vectored vaccines against PCV2/CSFV/PRV have safety and efficacy limitations. To address these shortcomings, we have constructed a triple gene (thymidine kinase, glycoprotein E [gE], and gG)-deleted (PRVtmv) vaccine vector expressing chimeric PCV2b-capsid, CSFV-E2, and chimeric Erns-fused with bovine granulocytic monocyte-colony stimulating factor (Erns-GM-CSF), designated as PRVtmv+, a trivalent vaccine. Here we compared this vaccine’s immunogenicity and protective efficacy in pigs against wild-type PCV2b challenge with that of the inactivated Zoetis Fostera Gold PCV commercial vaccine. The live PRVtmv+ prototype trivalent subunit vaccine is safe and highly attenuated in pigs. Based on PCV2b-specific neutralizing antibody titers, viremia, viral load in lymphoid tissues, fecal-virus shedding, and leukocyte/lymphocyte count, the PRVtmv+ yielded better protection for vaccinated pigs than the commercial vaccine after the PCV2b challenge. Additionally, the PRVtmv+ vaccinated pigs generated low to moderate levels of CSFV-specific neutralizing antibodies.
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Minimal Dosage of Porcine Circovirus Type 2d Based Virus-like Particles to Induce Stable Protective Immunity against Infection. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10121644. [PMID: 34959599 PMCID: PMC8706284 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10121644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, porcine circovirus type 2d (PCV2d) has achieved a dominant position worldwide. Various PCV2d capsid-based vaccines have been used to alleviate concerns regarding the emergence of the variant. This study aimed to determine the dosage of recombinant PCV2d capsid protein to induce protective efficacy against experimental challenge with a virulent PCV2d strain. Conventional 3-week-old pigs were intramuscularly inoculated with different doses of the protein (60, 20, 10 and 2 µg). Four weeks after vaccination, all pigs were challenged with pathogenic PCV2d (SNU140003), which was isolated from a farm severely experiencing PCV2-associated disease in Korea. Vaccination with greater than 10 µg of the capsid protein caused a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in PCV2d viremia, lymphoid lesions and lymphoid PCV2 antigen levels in vaccinated challenged pigs compared to unvaccinated challenged pigs. The vaccination also resulted in significantly higher (p < 0.05) titers of neutralizing antibodies against PCV2d. However, the pigs vaccinated with 2 µg had significantly lower neutralizing antibody titers than the other vaccinated groups. They showed a similar level of challenged PCV2d in serum and lymphoid lesion score compared to unvaccinated challenged pigs. The difference in efficacy among the vaccinated groups indicates that there may be a baseline dosage to induce sufficient neutralizing antibodies to prevent viral replication in pigs. In conclusion, at least 10 µg dosage of capsid protein is essential for stable protective efficacy against PCV2d in a pig model.
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Yu W, Sun Y, He Q, Sun C, Dong T, Zhang L, Zhan Y, Wang N, Yang Y, Sun Y. Mitochondrial Localization Signal of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Capsid Protein Plays a Critical Role in Cap-Induced Apoptosis. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8110272. [PMID: 34822645 PMCID: PMC8624748 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8110272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2), considered one of the most globally important porcine pathogens, causes postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). This virus is localized in the mitochondria in pigs with PMWS. Here, we identified, for the first time, a mitochondrial localization signal (MLS) in the PCV2 capsid protein (Cap) at the N-terminus. PK-15 cells showed colocalization of the MLS-EGFP fusion protein with mitochondria. Since the PCV2 Cap also contained a nuclear localization signal (NLS) that mediated entry into the nucleus, we inferred that the subcellular localization of the PCV2 Cap is inherently complex and dependent on the viral life cycle. Furthermore, we also determined that deletion of the MLS attenuated Cap-induced apoptosis. More importantly, the MLS was essential for PCV2 replication, as absence of the MLS resulted in failure of virus rescue from cells infected with infectious clone DNA. In conclusion, the MLS of the PCV2 Cap plays critical roles in Cap-induced apoptosis, and MLS deletion of Cap is lethal for virus rescue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanting Yu
- Biomedical Pioneer Innovation Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (W.Y.); (Y.S.); (C.S.); (T.D.)
- School of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuao Sun
- Biomedical Pioneer Innovation Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (W.Y.); (Y.S.); (C.S.); (T.D.)
- School of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qing He
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, Laboratory of Functional Proteomics (LFP), Research Center of Reverse Vaccinology (RCRV), College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Q.H.); (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (N.W.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Chaoying Sun
- Biomedical Pioneer Innovation Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (W.Y.); (Y.S.); (C.S.); (T.D.)
- School of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tian Dong
- Biomedical Pioneer Innovation Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (W.Y.); (Y.S.); (C.S.); (T.D.)
- School of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Luhua Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, Laboratory of Functional Proteomics (LFP), Research Center of Reverse Vaccinology (RCRV), College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Q.H.); (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (N.W.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yang Zhan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, Laboratory of Functional Proteomics (LFP), Research Center of Reverse Vaccinology (RCRV), College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Q.H.); (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (N.W.); (Y.Y.)
- Changde Research Center for Agricultural Biomacromolecule, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, China
| | - Naidong Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, Laboratory of Functional Proteomics (LFP), Research Center of Reverse Vaccinology (RCRV), College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Q.H.); (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (N.W.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yi Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, Laboratory of Functional Proteomics (LFP), Research Center of Reverse Vaccinology (RCRV), College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Q.H.); (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (N.W.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yujie Sun
- Biomedical Pioneer Innovation Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (W.Y.); (Y.S.); (C.S.); (T.D.)
- School of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-010-62744060
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13
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Lee SI, Jeong CG, Ul Salam Mattoo S, Nazki S, Prasad Aganja R, Kim SC, Khatun A, Oh Y, Noh SH, Lee SM, Kim WI. Protective immunity induced by concurrent intradermal injection of porcine circovirus type 2 and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae inactivated vaccines in pigs. Vaccine 2021; 39:6691-6699. [PMID: 34538524 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Vaccines against porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhp) are routinely used by intramuscular injection. However, since intramuscular vaccination causes stress and increases the risk of cross-contamination among pigs, research on intradermal vaccination is currently being actively conducted. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of intradermally administered inactivated vaccines against PCV2 and Mhp in pigs. Three-week-old specific pathogen-free pigs were divided into three groups (5 pigs per group). Pigs in the two groups were intradermally vaccinated with the PCV2 or Mhp vaccine using a needle-free injector. Pigs in the third group were kept as nonvaccinated controls. At 21 days post-vaccination, pigs in one of these vaccinated groups and the nonvaccinated group were intranasally challenged with PCV2b and Mhp, while the other vaccinated group pigs were maintained as vaccine controls. Vaccine efficacy was evaluated by observing weight gain, pathogen load, pathological changes, and humoral or cellular immune responses. As a result, vaccinated pigs revealed significantly higher body weight gain, with lower clinical scores. Vaccinated pigs also showed higher antibody responses but lower PCV2b or Mhp loads in sera, nasal swabs, or lungs than nonvaccinated pigs. Intriguingly, vaccinated pigs upregulated cytotoxic T cells (CTLs), helper T type 1 cells (Th1 cells), and helper T type 17 cells (Th17 cells) after immunization and showed significantly higher levels of CTLs, Th1 and Th17 cells at 14 days post-challenge than nonvaccinated and challenged pigs. This study demonstrated that protective immune responses against PCV2 and Mhp could be efficiently induced in pigs using a relatively small volume of intradermal vaccines, probably due to effective antigen delivery to antigen-presenting cells in the dermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sim-In Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chang-Gi Jeong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea.
| | | | - Salik Nazki
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea; The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright-GU24 0NF, Woking, United Kingdom.
| | - Ram Prasad Aganja
- Division of Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung-Chai Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Amina Khatun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh.
| | - Yeonsu Oh
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang-Hyun Noh
- MSD Animal Health Korea Ltd., Seoul 04637, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang-Myeong Lee
- Division of Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Won-Il Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Oral Immunization with Lactobacillus casei Expressing the Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Cap and LTB Induces Mucosal and Systemic Antibody Responses in Mice. Viruses 2021; 13:v13071302. [PMID: 34372508 PMCID: PMC8310122 DOI: 10.3390/v13071302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) causes many diseases in weaned piglets, leading to serious economic losses to the pig industry. This study investigated the immune response following oral administration of Lactobacillus casei ATCC393 (L. casei 393) expressing PCV2 capsid protein (Cap) fusion with the Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin B subunit (LTB) in mice. Recombinant L. casei strains were constructed using plasmids pPG611.1 and pPG612.1. The expression and localization of proteins from recombinant pPG611.1-Cap-LTB (pPG-1-Cap-LTB)/L. casei 393 and pPG612.1-Cap-LTB (pPG-2-Cap-LTB)/L. casei 393 were detected. All recombinant strains were found to be immunogenic by oral administration in mice and developed mucosal and systemic immune responses against PCV2. The titers of specific antibodies in mice administered pPG-2-Cap-LTB/L. casei 393 were higher than those in mice administered pPG-1-Cap-LTB/L. casei 393 in serum and the mucosal samples. The mucosal immune response was not only limited to the gastrointestinal tract but was also generated in other mucosal parts. Thus, the application of recombinant L. casei could aid in vaccine development for PCV2.
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15
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Yang S, Oh T, Park KH, Cho H, Suh J, Chae C. Experimental efficacy of a trivalent vaccine containing porcine circovirus types 2a/b (PCV2a/b) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae against PCV2d and M. hyopneumoniae challenges. Vet Microbiol 2021; 258:109100. [PMID: 33984792 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this experimental study was to evaluate the efficacy of a new trivalent vaccine containing porcine circovirus types 2a/b (PCV2a/b) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Pigs were administered the vaccine intramuscularly as either at 3 and 24 days of age with 1.0 mL or at 21 days of age with 2.0 mL according to the manufacturer's recommendations. The pigs were challenged at 42 days of age with either PCV2d (intranasal route) or M. hyopneumoniae (intratracheal route), or both. No statistical differences were observed between the one-dose and two-dose experiments based on clinical (growth performance), immunological (protective immunity), microbiological (viremia and laryngeal swab), and pathological (pulmonary and lymphoid lesion) outcomes. Pigs in vaccinated/challenged and unvaccinated/unchallenged groups showed significant difference in growth performance compared to pigs in the unvaccinated/challenged group in both dosage experiments. Vaccinated pigs elicited a significant amount of protective immunity for PCV2d-specific neutralizing antibodies and interferon-γ secreting cells (IFN-γ-SC) as well as M. hyopneumoniae-specific IFN-γ-SC significantly post-challenge compared to unvaccinated/challenged pigs. Vaccination and challenge reduced the viral load amount of PCV2d in the blood and reduced the M. hyopneumoniae load in laryngeal swab, while simultaneously reducing both pulmonary and lymphoid lesion severity when compared to unvaccinated/challenged pigs. Trivalent vaccination provided good protection against a single PCV2d challenge, single M. hyopneumoniae challenge, and a PCV2d/M. hyopneumoniae dual challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyeon Yang
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehwan Oh
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee Hwan Park
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejean Cho
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongmin Suh
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanhee Chae
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Ahn Y, Yang S, Oh T, Park KH, Cho H, Suh J, Chae C. Efficacy Evaluation of a Bivalent Vaccine Containing Porcine Circovirus Type 2b and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Against an Experimental Dual Challenge. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:652313. [PMID: 33996979 PMCID: PMC8119751 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.652313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a new, single-dose bivalent vaccine containing porcine circovirus type 2b (PCV2b) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae against a dual PCV2b and M. hyopneumoniae challenge. At −25 days post challenge (dpc, 10 days of age), one pig group (designated as the vaccinated/challenged group) received a single, 1.0 ml dose of bivalent vaccine. Pigs in both the vaccinated/challenged and unvaccinated/challenged groups were then inoculated intranasally with PCV2b and M. hyopneumoniae at 0 dpc (35 days of age). Pigs in vaccinated/challenged group induced significantly higher levels of neutralizing antibodies against PCV2b and cell-mediated immunity against PCV2b and M. hyopneumonia when compared with pigs in unvaccinated/challenged group. The vaccination of pigs with a bivalent vaccine also reduced PCV2b viremia, reduced mycoplasmal nasal shedding, and decreased the severity of both lung and lymphoid lesions for PCV2b and M. hyopneumoniae infection, respectively. The results of this study demonstrated that the evaluated bivalent vaccine was effective in protecting pigs against PCV2b and M. hyopneumoniae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Ahn
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Siyeon Yang
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Taehwan Oh
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kee Hwan Park
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyejean Cho
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeongmin Suh
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chanhee Chae
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Dinh PX, Nguyen MN, Nguyen HT, Tran VH, Tran QD, Dang KH, Vo DT, Le HT, Nguyen NTT, Nguyen TT, Do DT. Porcine circovirus genotypes and their copathogens in pigs with respiratory disease in southern provinces of Vietnam. Arch Virol 2021; 166:403-411. [PMID: 33392818 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04878-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the genetic diversity of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and its coinfecting pathogens in pigs with respiratory disease in Vietnam. Samples from 127 clinical cases were obtained from different southern provinces of Vietnam from January 2018 to January 2020 for PCR and sequence analysis. The infection rate of PCV2 was 78.8%, and the major pathogens found in coinfections with PCV2 were porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, and Haemophilus parasuis. Forty-three PCV2-positive clinical samples were selected for amplification and sequencing of the ORF2 region. Phylogenetic analysis of PCV2 ORF2 showed that five of the sequences belonged to PCV2b (11.6%) and 38 belonged to PCV2d (88.4%), indicating that PCV2d strains were predominant in southern provinces of Vietnam. Alignment of the predicted amino acid sequences of the PCV2 capsid protein revealed polymorphic sites in the antibody recognition regions. This study demonstrates the prevalence of the PCV2d genotype in southern Vietnam and presents a comprehensive overview of the coinfecting pathogens associated with PCV2 in young pigs with respiratory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phat Xuan Dinh
- Biotechnology Department, Nong Lam University HCMC, Linh Trung ward, Thu Duc district, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Minh Nam Nguyen
- School of Medicine, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung ward, Thu Duc district, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Hien The Nguyen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University HCMC, Thu Duc district, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Vu Hoang Tran
- Boehringer Ingelheim Vietnam, 39 Le Duan Street, District 1, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Quy Dinh Tran
- Boehringer Ingelheim Vietnam, 39 Le Duan Street, District 1, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Kim Hoang Dang
- Sanphar Vietnam Co. Ltd., 59, Xuan Thuy Street, Thao Dien Ward, District 2, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Dai Tan Vo
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University HCMC, Thu Duc district, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Hien Thanh Le
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University HCMC, Thu Duc district, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Nam Thi Thu Nguyen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University HCMC, Thu Duc district, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Toan Tat Nguyen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University HCMC, Thu Duc district, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Duy Tien Do
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University HCMC, Thu Duc district, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam.
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18
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Yang S, Ahn Y, Oh T, Cho H, Park KH, Chae C. Field evaluation of a sing-dose bivalent vaccine of porcine circovirus type 2b and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Vet Med Sci 2021; 7:755-765. [PMID: 33386664 PMCID: PMC8136929 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The field efficacy of a bivalent vaccine containing porcine circovirus type 2b (PCV2b) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae was evaluated on three pig farms. METHODS Three pig farms were used, two of which had a history of subclinical PCV2 and clinical M. hyopneumoniae infections between 84 and 126 days of age while concurrent porcine circovirus-associated disease and clinical M. hyopneumoniae infection between 70 and 105 days of age. Each farm vaccinated pigs with a single dose of a bivalent vaccine at 10 days of age while unvaccinated pigs were administered a single dose of phosphate buffered-saline at the same age. RESULTS Vaccination improved growth performance and reduced clinical scores significantly (p < .05) when compared with unvaccinated animals. The amount of PCV2d loads in blood and M. hyopneumoniae loads in nasal swabs of vaccinated animals were also significantly lower (p < .05) when compared with unvaccinated animals. Immunologically, vaccinated groups elicited a significantly higher (p < .05) level of protective immunity against PCV2d such as neutralizing antibodies and interferon-γ secreting cells (IFN-γ-SC), as well as protective immunity against M. hyopneumoniae such as IFN-γ-SC when compared with unvaccinated animals. Pathologically, vaccination significantly lowered (p < .05) the scores of M. hyopneumoniae-induced pneumonia and PCV2-associated lymphoid lesions when compared with unvaccinated animals. CONCLUSIONS The evaluated bivalent vaccine provided good protection against PCV2d and M. hyopneumoniae infection under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyeon Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongjun Ahn
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehwan Oh
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejean Cho
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee Hwan Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanhee Chae
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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19
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Chen YY, Yang WC, Chang YK, Wang CY, Huang WR, Li JY, Chuang KP, Wu HY, Chang CD, Nielsen BL, Liu HJ. Construction of polycistronic baculovirus surface display vectors to express the PCV2 Cap(d41) protein and analysis of its immunogenicity in mice and swine. Vet Res 2020; 51:112. [PMID: 32907618 PMCID: PMC7487469 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-020-00836-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To increase expression levels of the PCV2 Cap(d41) protein, novel baculovirus surface display vectors with multiple expression cassettes were constructed to create recombinant baculoviruses BacSC-Cap(d41), BacDD-2Cap(d41), BacDD-3Cap(d41), and BacDD-4Cap(d41). Our results reveal that the recombinant baculovirus BacDD-4Cap(d41) was able to express the highest levels of Cap(d41) protein. Optimum conditions for expressing the PCV2 Cap(d41) protein were determined, and our results show that 107 of Sf-9 infected with the recombinant baculovirus BacDD-4Cap(d41) at an MOI of 5 for 3 days showed the highest level of protein expression. Mice immunized with the 4Cap(d41) vaccine which was prepared from the recombinant baculovirus-infected cells (107) elicited higher ELISA titers compared to the Cap (d41) vaccine. The 4Cap(d41) vaccine could elicit anti-PCV2 neutralizing antibodies and IFN-γ in mice, as confirmed by virus neutralization test and IFN-γ ELISA. Moreover, the swine lymphocyte proliferative responses indicated that the 4Cap(d41) vaccine was able to induce a clear cellular immune response. Flow cytometry analysis showed that the percentage of CD4+ T cells and CD4+/CD8+ ratio was increased significantly in SPF pigs immunized with the 4Cap(d41) vaccine. Importantly, the 4Cap(d41) vaccine induced an IFN-γ response, further confirming that its effect is through cellular immunity in SPF pigs. An in vivo challenge study revealed that the 4Cap(d41) and the commercial vaccine groups significantly reduce the viral load of vaccinated pigs as compared with the CE negative control group. Taken together, we have successfully developed a 4Cap(d41) vaccine that may be a potential subunit vaccine for preventing the disease associated with PCV2 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Yi Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Tung's Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Medical Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chen Yang
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Kang Chang
- Department of Medical Research, Tung's Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine and Management, Hou-Long, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Young Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ru Huang
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Jyun-Yi Li
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Pin Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 912, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yi Wu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 912, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Dong Chang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 912, Taiwan
| | - Brent L Nielsen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Hung-Jen Liu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.
- Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.
- Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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20
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Targeted Alteration of Antibody-Based Immunodominance Enhances the Heterosubtypic Immunity of an Experimental PCV2 Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8030506. [PMID: 32899842 PMCID: PMC7563983 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the availability of commercial vaccines which can effectively prevent clinical signs, porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) continues to remain an economically important swine virus, as strain drift, followed by displacement of new subtypes, occurs periodically. We had previously determined that the early antibody responses to the PCV2 capsid protein in infected pigs map to immunodominant but non-protective, linear B cell epitopes. In this study, two of the previously identified immunodominant epitopes were mutated in the backbone of a PCV2b infectious clone, to rationally restructure the immunogenic capsid protein. The rescued virus was used to immunize 3-week-old weanling piglets, followed by challenge with a virulent heterologous PCV2d strain. As expected, immunodominant antibody responses to the targeted epitopes were abrogated in vaccinated pigs, while a broadening of the virus neutralization responses was detected. Vaccinated pigs were completely protected against challenge viral replication, had reduced microscopic lesions in lymphoid organs and gained significantly more body weight when compared to unvaccinated pigs. Thus, the experimental PCV2 vaccine developed was highly effective against challenge, and, if adopted commercially, can potentially slow down or eliminate new strain creation.
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21
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Xie CZ, Ha Z, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Xie YB, Zhang H, Nan FL, Wang Z, Zhang P, Xu W, Han JC, Wen SB, Lu HJ, Jin NY. Pathogenicity of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (ORF5 RFLP 1-7-4 viruses) in China. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 67:2065-2072. [PMID: 32187856 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an RNA virus that causes reproductive failure in sows and respiratory problems in piglets. PRRSV infection leads to substantial pig mortality and causing huge economic losses so that disease outbreaks caused by the new PRRSV strain from other regions have caused great concern in China. In this study, we analysed the pathogenicity of the novel ORF5 RFLP 1-7-4-like PRRSV strain, named PRRSV-ZDXYL-China-2018-1 in pigs. The viral challenge test showed that PRRSV-ZDXYL-China-2018-1 infection can cause persistent fever, moderate dyspnoea, serum viraemia and interstitial pneumonia in piglets. The levels of viral loads in serum and PRRSV-specific antigen were also detected in lung tissues were used one-step Taq-Man RT-qPCR and Immunohistochemistry, respectively. At 28dpi, the level of specific antibodies was increased among infected piglets. Importantly, the new virus appeared be a moderately virulent isolate with pathogenicity compared to HP-PRRSV strain LQ (JXA1-like strain). Histological examination revealed severe monocyte haemorrhage and interstitial pneumonia associated with monocyte infiltration in the lung tissue of pigs infected with PRRSV-ZDXYL-China-2018-1 and LQ-JXA1 strains. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) results showed positive brown-red epithelial cells and macrophages in pig lungs. Therefore, it is critical to establish an effective strategy to control the spread of PRRSV in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Zhan Xie
- Institute of Military Veterinary medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhuo Ha
- Institute of Military Veterinary medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Institute of Military Veterinary medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Institute of Military Veterinary medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yu-Biao Xie
- Institute of Military Veterinary medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - He Zhang
- Institute of Military Veterinary medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Fu-Long Nan
- Institute of Military Veterinary medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Institute of Military Veterinary medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Institute of specialty, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Wang Xu
- Institute of Military Veterinary medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Ji-Cheng Han
- Institute of Military Veterinary medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Shu-Bo Wen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, China
| | - Hui-Jun Lu
- Institute of Military Veterinary medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ning-Yi Jin
- Institute of Military Veterinary medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Ha Z, Li J, Xie C, Yu C, Hao P, Zhang Y, Xu W, Nan F, Xie Y, Li Y, Rong F, Wang G, Guo Y, Lu H, Jin N. Prevalence, pathogenesis, and evolution of porcine circovirus type 3 in China from 2016 to 2019. Vet Microbiol 2020; 247:108756. [PMID: 32768209 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) infection causes substantial economic losses in pig populations since its discovery in 2016. However, PCV3 molecular epidemiology remains need further study. In order to assess the prevalence of PCV3 infection in China, 4094 clinical samples from 271 pig farms in 10 provinces of China were evaluated by PCR. It was shown that the overall prevalence of PCV3 infection was 29.3 % (1200/4094) and 74.2 % (201/271) at sample and farm levels respectively, suggesting that PCV3 infection is prevalent in China. Furthermore, a statistical analysis showed PCV3 might exacerbate PCV2 and PRRSV infection rate and have a potential association with pig clinical disease. In addition, we sequenced the entire genome of 57 PCV3 strains; homology analysis showed that PCV3 strains have more than 96 % similarities at the nucleotide level, and PCV3 shares less than 60 % similarities with other circoviruses. By comparing the total 673 PCV3 strains from the NCBI GenBank, we found the major of amino acid mutations are located in predicted epitope regions and the mutations ratio changed during PCV3 evolution. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all isolates belonged to PCV3a and PCV3b, and increasing PCV3a and decreasing PCV3b trends were observed during PCV3 evolution. Overall, this study provides important insights for understanding PCV3 prevalence, pathogenesis, and evolution and will guide future efforts to develop effective preventive and control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Ha
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jinfeng Li
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Changzhan Xie
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Chengdong Yu
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Pengfei Hao
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Wang Xu
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Fulong Nan
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yubiao Xie
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Yanwei Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Fulong Rong
- Harbin Pharmaceutical Group Bio-vaccine Co., Ltd, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Guanyu Wang
- Hulunbuir Animal Disease Control Center, Hulunbuir, 021000, China
| | - Yingcheng Guo
- Jilin Fengman Area Animal Prevention and Control Center, Jilin, 132013, China
| | - Huijun Lu
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Ningyi Jin
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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23
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Li Y, Wang Y, Cheng J, Zhou X, Lu H, Zhang X, Xia X, Sun H. Generation and immunogenicity assessment of ELPylated virus-like particles of porcine circovirus type 2. Virol J 2020; 17:72. [PMID: 32517704 PMCID: PMC7285535 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-020-01346-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is an economically important pathogen affecting swine industry worldwide. The production of current PCV2 vaccines is time-consuming and expensive. Elastin-like polypeptides (ELP) undergo temperature-dependent inverse phase transition and ELPylated proteins can be purified simply by inverse transition cycling (ITC). Methods The Cap protein of PCV2b, together with the virus neutralizing (VN) epitopes of PCV2a, PCV2d and PCV2e, was expressed in E. coli as an ELPylated protein, and purified by ITC in the presence of mild detergents. For the control purpose, the Cap protein was also expressed as a His-tagged protein and purified by nickel affinity chromatography. The formation of ELPylated VLP (ELP-VLP) and His-tagged VLP (VLP) was revealed by transmission electron microscopy. Mice were immunized two times with the two forms of VLP and the antigen-specific IgG antibody, VN antibody, cytokine responses and immunoprotection against PCV2 challenge were compared. Results ELPylated Cap protein was expressed as a soluble protein and purified to 94.3% purity by ITC in the presence of 1% Triton X-100 and 0.5 M urea. His-tagged Cap fusion protein was expressed as insoluble inclusion bodies and purified to 90% purity under denatured conditions. The two purified fusion proteins assembled into VLP with similar morphology. Compared to immunization with VLP, immunization with ELP-VLP induced significantly (p < 0.01) stronger VN antibody response and slightly (p < 0.05) stronger Cap-specific IgG antibody response, cytokine production and immunoprotection against PCV2 challenge. Conclusion A novel ELPylation platform for easy preparation of PCV2 VLP was established and the prepared ELP-VLP was more immunogenic than VLP. The ELPylation technology could be used for other VLP preparation and the prepared ELP-VLP could be developed as a novel PCV2 subunit vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yajie Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jian Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Huipeng Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiaoli Xia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Huaichang Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, 225300, China.
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24
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Opriessnig T, Karuppannan AK, Castro AMMG, Xiao CT. Porcine circoviruses: current status, knowledge gaps and challenges. Virus Res 2020; 286:198044. [PMID: 32502553 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Circoviruses (CV) include some of the smallest viruses known. They were named after their circularly arranged single-stranded DNA genome with a gene encoding a conserved replicase protein on the sense strand. Circoviruses are widely distributed in mammals, fish, avian species and even insects. In pigs, four different CVs have been identified and named with consecutive numbers based on the order of their discovery: Porcine circovirus 1 (PCV1), Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2), Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3) and most recently Porcine circovirus 4 (PCV4). PCVs are ubiquitous in global pig populations and uninfected herds are rarely found. It is generally accepted that PCV1 is non-pathogenic. In contrast, PCV2 is considered an important, economically challenging pathogen on a global scale with comprehensive vaccination schemes in place. The role of PCV3 is still controversial several years after its discovery. Propagation of PCV3 appears to be challenging and only one successful experimental infection model has been published to date. Similarly to PCV2, PCV3 is widespread and found in many pigs regardless of their health history, including high health herds. PCV4 has only recently been discovered and further information on this virus is required to understand its potential impact. This review summarizes current knowledge on CVs in pigs and aims to contrast and compare known facts on PCVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Opriessnig
- The Roslin Institute and The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK; Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA.
| | - Anbu K Karuppannan
- Vaccine Research Centre-Viral Vaccines, Centre for Animal Health Studies, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | | | - Chao-Ting Xiao
- Institute of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
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25
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Cui X, Wang X, Gao Q, Liu X, Kai Y, Chen C, Gao S. Colonisation of mice and pigs by a chimeric porcine circovirus 1-2 prototype vaccine strain and a PCV2 isolate originating in China and their induction of cytokines. J Virol Methods 2020; 283:113905. [PMID: 32502500 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2020.113905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A chimeric porcine circovirus (PCV) 1-2b vaccine strain and its parental wild-type PCV2b strain from China (PCV2-J) were used separately to vaccinate BALB/c mice and tissue and serum samples were collected from the mice to investigate whether the replication properties of the viruses differed. The spleen lymphocytes from the infected mice were cultured in vitro; the amounts of interferon-γ-secreting cells (IFN-γ-SCs) and levels of interleukin (IL) 2, IL-4 and IL-10 in the culture fluids were monitored. The results showed that PCV1-2b induced higher levels of antibody production in the infected mice than the PCV2b-J isolate. Viremia declined gradually in both infection groups and the DNA copy numbers were nearly equal in both groups of mouse tissues tested. The IFN-γ-SC levels were clearly up-regulated in both the PCV1-2b- and PCV2b-J-infected mice. In both mouse groups, IL-2 was up-regulated, and IL-10 was detected at low levels, while IL-4 was always below the limit of detection. Similar experiments were performed in pigs and the results showed that when infected with either PCV1-2b or PCV2b-J the pigs experienced high-level antibody responses, with no significant differences between the infection groups. In the pig model, the development of IFN-γ-SCs in response to PCV1-2b and PCV2b-J infections was detected. However, the PCV1-2b strain tended to elicit more IFN-γ-SCs in the peripheral blood mononuclear cell population of the infected pigs from 21 to 28 days post infection than the PCV2b-J isolate did. The concentrations of IL-2 were transiently different between the PCV1-2b and PCV2b-J infected pigs, while those of IL-10 and IL-2 were similar in both groups, but were lower than those elicited in mice. These results indicated that BALB/c mouse could be used as an alternate model for evaluating the efficacy of attenuated PCV1-2b vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Cui
- Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs. Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses. Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs. Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses. Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Qingqing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs. Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses. Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs. Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses. Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Yan Kai
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210036, China
| | - Changhai Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210036, China
| | - Song Gao
- Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs. Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses. Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China.
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26
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Characterization of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (ORF5 RFLP 1-7-4 viruses) in northern China. Microb Pathog 2019; 140:103941. [PMID: 31862391 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is the causative agent of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS). Disease outbreaks caused by NADC30-like PRRSV strains were a bit prevalent in China in recent years. In the present study, two newly emerged PRRSV strains, which were designated as PRRSV-ZDXYL-China-2018-1 and PRRSV-ZDXYL-China-2018-2 strains were found from piglets' lung tissues in Northern China. The virus belongs to lineage 1 of the PRRSV genotype 2 and is closely related to US strains that possess the open reading frame (ORF5) restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) 1-7-4. The two strains were identified from infected weaning piglet herds in Zhaodong City, Heilongjiang province of China. The complete genome of the PRRSV-ZDXYL-China-2018-1 and PRRSV-ZDXYL-China-2018-2 strains were 15093 nt and 15110 nt, and shared 96.7%-97.0% and 97.1%-97.4% similarities with the US identified, ISU10 and NADC34 strains respectively. Then the PRRSV-ZDXYL-China-2018-1 strain was successfully isolated from the clinical sample. Our results demonstrate, that the emergence of ORF5 RFLP 1-7-4-like PRRSVs in China, could pose a significant challenge to PRRSV epidemic prevention.
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27
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Gunter CJ, Regnard GL, Rybicki EP, Hitzeroth II. Immunogenicity of plant-produced porcine circovirus-like particles in mice. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 17:1751-1759. [PMID: 30791210 PMCID: PMC6686138 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2) is the main causative agent associated with a group of diseases collectively known as porcine circovirus-associated disease (PCAD). There is a significant economic strain on the global swine industry due to PCAD and the production of commercial PCV-2 vaccines is expensive. Plant expression systems are increasingly regarded as a viable technology to produce recombinant proteins for use as pharmaceutical agents and vaccines. However, successful production and purification of PCV-2 capsid protein (CP) from plants is an essential first step towards the goal of a plant-produced PCV-2 vaccine candidate. In this study, the PCV-2 CP was transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana plants via agroinfiltration and PCV-2 CP was successfully purified using sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation. The CP self-assembled into virus-like particles (VLPs) resembling native virions and up to 6.5 mg of VLPs could be purified from 1 kg of leaf wet weight. Mice immunized with the plant-produced PCV-2 VLPs elicited specific antibody responses to PCV-2 CP. This is the first report describing the expression of PCV-2 CP in plants, the confirmation of its assembly into VLPs and the demonstration of their use to elicit a strong immune response in a mammalian model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius J. Gunter
- Biopharming Research UnitDepartment of Molecular and Cell BiologyUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Guy L. Regnard
- Division of Medical VirologyDepartment of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular MedicineFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Edward P. Rybicki
- Biopharming Research UnitDepartment of Molecular and Cell BiologyUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular MedicineUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Inga I. Hitzeroth
- Biopharming Research UnitDepartment of Molecular and Cell BiologyUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
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Park KH, Oh T, Yang S, Cho H, Kang I, Chae C. Evaluation of a porcine circovirus type 2a (PCV2a) vaccine efficacy against experimental PCV2a, PCV2b, and PCV2d challenge. Vet Microbiol 2019; 231:87-92. [PMID: 30955830 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of a commercial porcine circovirus type 2a (PCV2a) subunit vaccine against experimental PCV2a, PCV2b, and PCV2d challenge. A total of 105 pigs were randomly divided into 7 groups (15 pigs per group). At 21 days old the pigs were intramuscularly administered the PCV2a vaccine as a 1.0 mL dose. Four weeks following vaccination, pigs were challenged with either Korean PCV2a, PCV2b, or PCV2d. All vaccinated pigs showed a significant (P < 0.05) reduction of clinical signs, PCV2 viremia, lymphoid lesions, and lymphoid PCV2 antigen levels compared to unvaccinated control pigs. Vaccination resulted also in significantly higher (P < 0.05) titers of neutralizing antibody against PCV2, and an increase in the frequency of PCV2-specific interferon-γ secreting cells (IFN-γ-SC). The vaccine showed similar protection among the vaccinated groups regardless of the genotype of the challenge. Interestingly, vaccinated pigs had higher levels of neutralizing antibody titers against PCV2a compared to PCV2b or PCV2d while the number of PCV2a-, PCV2b-, and PCV2d-specific IFN-γ-SC were similar. Taken together, the results presented here demonstrate that a PCV2a vaccine can be effective against experimental PCV2a, PCV2b, and PCV2d challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kee Hwan Park
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehwan Oh
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Siyeon Yang
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejean Cho
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ikjae Kang
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanhee Chae
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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29
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Huang J, Yang C, Jia R, Wang M, Chen S, Liu M, Zhu D, Zhao X, Yang Q, Wu Y, Zhang L, Yin Z, Jing B, Cheng A. Induction of a protective response in ducks vaccinated with a DNA vaccine encoding engineered duck circovirus Capsid protein. Vet Microbiol 2018; 225:40-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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30
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Ha Z, Xie CZ, Li JF, Wen SB, Zhang KL, Nan FL, Zhang H, Guo YC, Wang W, Lu HJ, Jin NY. Molecular detection and genomic characterization of porcine circovirus 3 in pigs from Northeast China. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:321. [PMID: 30367641 PMCID: PMC6203981 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1634-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background First identified in the United States in 2016, porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) is a newly emerging porcine circovirus exhibiting a wide range of clinical syndromes, which may be associated with the pathogenicity observed in pigs. Results The aim of this study was to identify and characterize the full genome sequence of PCV3 strains circulating in Northeast China. Herein, 105 lung samples isolated from sick pigs in Northeast China during 2018 were analyzed for PCV3. Using PCR, the total PCV3-positive rate was 33.3% (35/105), with rates of 17.8% (8/45), 66.7% (10/15), and 37.8% (17/45) in Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning province, respectively. Additionally, our findings showed that PCV3-positive samples had a high rate of co-infection with PCV2, PPV6, and PPV7. To study the evolution of the PCV3 in Northeast China, we sequenced the entire genome of 13 strains of PCV3. The results of phylogenetic analyses revealed that PCV3 could be divided into two clades, PCV3a and PCV3b. Interestingly, a G deletion at position 1072 was found in the 1999 nt genome of PCV3-CN2018LN-4 (MH277118). The G deletion terminated replicase protein translation and induced a truncated replicase protein. Conclusion These results contribute to the understanding of PCV3 molecular epidemiology and evolution in Northeast China. A new strain of PCV3 with truncated replicase protein was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Ha
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Chang-Zhan Xie
- Institute of Military Veterinary medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Jin-Feng Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Shu-Bo Wen
- Institute of Military Veterinary medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Ke-Long Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Fu-Long Nan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - He Zhang
- Institute of Military Veterinary medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Ying-Cheng Guo
- Jilin Fengman area Animal Prevention and Control Center, Jilin, 132013, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Military Veterinary medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Hui-Jun Lu
- Institute of Military Veterinary medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China. .,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Ning-Yi Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China. .,Institute of Military Veterinary medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China. .,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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31
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Jin J, Park C, Cho SH, Chung J. The level of decoy epitope in PCV2 vaccine affects the neutralizing activity of sera in the immunized animals. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 496:846-851. [PMID: 29374509 PMCID: PMC7092900 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.01.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Viral pathogens have evolved a wide range of tactics to evade host immune responses and thus propagate effectively. One efficient tactic is to divert host immune responses toward an immunodominant decoy epitope and to induce non-neutralizing antibodies toward this epitope. Therefore, it is expected that the amount of decoy epitope in a subunit vaccine can affect the level of neutralizing antibody in an immunized animal. In this study, we tested this hypothesis by generating an antibody specific to the decoy epitope on the capsid protein of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2). Using this antibody, we found that two commercial vaccines contained statistically different amounts of the decoy epitope. The vaccine with lower levels of decoy epitope induced a significantly higher level of neutralizing antibody after immunization. This antibody can be used as an analytical tool to monitor the quality of a vaccine from batch to batch. We generated a novel antibody specific to an immunodominant decoy epitope of PCV2. Using this novel antibody, we measured levels of decoy epitope in PCV2 vaccine. Decoy epitope in PCV2 vaccine affected the neutralizing antibody titer induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyeong Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 00380, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 00380, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhoon Park
- Department of Animal Vaccine Development, BioPOA, 105-11 Sinjeong-ro, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Cho
- Department of Animal Vaccine Development, BioPOA, 105-11 Sinjeong-ro, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Chung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 00380, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 00380, Republic of Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 00380, Republic of Korea.
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Dvorak CMT, Payne BJ, Seate JL, Murtaugh MP. Effect of Maternal Antibody Transfer on Antibody Dynamics and Control of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Infection in Offspring. Viral Immunol 2017; 31:40-46. [PMID: 28817375 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2017.0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sow immunity plays an important role in preventing viral infection and disease in newborn piglets. Vertical transmission of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) may perpetuate porcine circovirus associated disease (PCVAD) in newborn and growing pigs. Hence, the immunological effects of maternal immunoglobulin transfer of PCV2-specific antibodies on PCV2 viremia and immune response in piglets in commercial swine herds were evaluated. Sow vaccination has been shown to reduce viral shedding and viremia, and increases the neutralizing antibody (NA) titers. Since NAs are important for control of PCVAD and mammary secretions may contain high anti-PCV2 NA levels, we examined the PCV2 NA levels in colostrum, milk, sow serum, and piglet serum over time to investigate an association between NA levels and protection against infection. NA titers were remarkably high (up to 10-6 50% neutralizing titer) in sow serum and colostrum on all farms regardless of viremia levels. In piglets vaccinated at 3 weeks of age, NA titers peaked at 10 weeks of age and continued to maintain high viral neutralizing titers to slaughter. The impact of maternally derived neutralizing activity was most evident during the suckling period. Although PCV2 was transmitted from sows to piglets in colostrum, piglets were largely nonviremic at weaning. Thus, NAs appear to control or suppress initial infection even though they are unable to clear or prevent infection later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl M T Dvorak
- 1 Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota , St. Paul, Minnesota
| | - Brian J Payne
- 2 Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica , Inc., St. Joseph, Missouri
| | - Jessica L Seate
- 2 Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica , Inc., St. Joseph, Missouri
| | - Michael P Murtaugh
- 1 Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota , St. Paul, Minnesota
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Genetic analysis of porcine circovirus type 2 in China. Arch Virol 2017; 162:2715-2726. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3414-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Cruz TF, Kanashiro TM, Castro AMD, Baldin CM, Richtzenhain LJ, Araujo Jr JP. A double-antibody sandwich ELISA based on the porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) propagated in cell culture for antibody detection. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2016001200005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Few studies have described enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for the detection of antibodies against porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) based on antigens produced in cell culture. Furthermore, few articles have described viral purification techniques for members of the family Circoviridae. This occurs because circoviruses are difficult to isolate, noncytopathogenic, and produce low viral titres in cell culture. Thus, for overcoming these difficulties in the cultivation of PCV2, this study aimed to develop a double-antibody sandwich ELISA based on the cell culture antigen PCV2b for the quantification of anti-PCV2 antibodies. A 20% and 50% discontinuous sucrose cushion was used for viral purification, which enabled the separation of cell culture proteins in the 20% sucrose cushion and a greater viral concentration in the 50% sucrose cushion. Following isopycnic centrifugation, PCV2 was concentrated in the band with density values from 1.330 to 1.395g/cm3. Viral purification was assessed using SDS-PAGE, indirect ELISA and electron microscopy. The standardised ELISA revealed a strong linear correlation (r= 0.826, p<0.001) when compared with a commercial ELISA kit. The assay exhibited low variability (inter-assay coefficient of variation of 4.24% and intra-assay of 1.80%) and excellent analytical specificity conferred by the capture antibody produced in rabbit. Thus, this ELISA is a rapid, specific and convenient method for the detection of antibodies against PCV2 in studies of experimental and natural infection, and in monitoring the response to vaccination on commercial farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taís F. Cruz
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Brazil; Unesp, Brazil
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Wang N, Zhan Y, Wang A, Zhang L, Khayat R, Yang Y. In silico analysis of surface structure variation of PCV2 capsid resulting from loop mutations of its capsid protein (Cap). J Gen Virol 2016; 97:3331-3344. [PMID: 27902320 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Outbreaks of porcine circovirus (PCV) type 2 (PCV2)-associated diseases have caused substantial economic losses worldwide in the last 20 years. The PCV capsid protein (Cap) is the sole structural protein and main antigenic determinant of this virus. In this study, not only were phylogenetic trees reconstructed, but variations of surface structure of the PCV capsid were analysed in the course of evolution. Unique surface patterns of the icosahedral fivefold axes of the PCV2 capsid were identified and characterized, all of which were absent in PCV type 1 (PCV1). Icosahedral fivefold axes, decorated with Loops BC, HI and DE, were distinctly different between PCV2 and PCV1. Loops BC, determining the outermost surface around the fivefold axes of PCV capsids, had limited homology between Caps of PCV1 and PCV2. A conserved tyrosine phosphorylation motif in Loop HI that might be recognized by non-receptor tyrosine kinase(s) in vivo was present only in PCV2. Particularly, the concurrent presence of 60 pairs of the conserved tyrosine and a canonical PXXP motif on the PCV2 capsid surface could be a mechanism for PXXP motif binding to and activation of an SH3-domain-containing tyrosine kinase in host cells. Additionally, a conserved cysteine in Loop DE of the PCV2 Cap was substituted by an arginine in PCV1, indicating potentially distinct assembly mechanisms of the capsid in vitro between PCV1 and PCV2. Therefore, these unique patterns on the PCV2 capsid surface, absent in PCV1 isolates, might be related to cell entry, virus function and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naidong Wang
- Laboratory of Functional Proteomics (LFP) and Research Center of Reverse Vaccinology (RCRV), College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yang Zhan
- Laboratory of Functional Proteomics (LFP) and Research Center of Reverse Vaccinology (RCRV), College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Aibing Wang
- Laboratory of Functional Proteomics (LFP) and Research Center of Reverse Vaccinology (RCRV), College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | | | - Reza Khayat
- Department of Chemistry, City College of New York, NY, USA
- PhD Programs in Biochemistry and Chemistry, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, NY, USA
| | - Yi Yang
- Laboratory of Functional Proteomics (LFP) and Research Center of Reverse Vaccinology (RCRV), College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
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Li J, Yu T, Zhang F, Wang X, Zhou J, Gao X, Gao S, Liu X. Inactivated chimeric porcine circovirus (PCV) 1-2 vaccines based on genotypes 2b and 2d exhibit similar immunological effectiveness in protecting pigs against challenge with PCV2b strain 0233. Arch Virol 2016; 162:235-246. [PMID: 27722993 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-3099-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is subdivided into four genotypes: PCV2a, PCV2b, PCV2c and PCV2d. Here, for the first time, we compared the efficacy of two experimental inactivated chimeric PCV1-2 vaccines based on genotypes 2b and 2d. Seventeen 3-week-old pigs were divided randomly into four groups. Group 1 and 2 pigs were inoculated with genotype 2b- and 2d-based inactivated vaccines, respectively. At 28 days post-vaccination (DPV), pigs in groups 1-3 were challenged with the PCV2b 0233 strain. All experimental pigs were necropsied at 21 days post-challenge (DPC). Pigs vaccinated with the genotype 2b- or 2d-based vaccine had high antibody titres and lower PCV2b copy numbers in samples of sera, faeces and nasal secretions compared with pigs in the unvaccinated challenge group. Interestingly, we detected no DNA from the challenge strain in the superficial inguinal lymph nodes of the pigs immunized with the PCV2b vaccine, while one pig in the PCV2d- immunized group had detectable DNA from the challenge strain at 21 DPC. We found no significant differences in the humoral immune response, PCV2b load, or PCV-related microscopic lesions between the two vaccinated groups post-challenge. Therefore, both vaccines were equally effective at inducing immunity against challenge with PCV2b strain 0233.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jizong Li
- Key lab of Avian Bioproducts Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianqi Yu
- Key lab of Avian Bioproducts Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Feipeng Zhang
- Key lab of Avian Bioproducts Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Key lab of Avian Bioproducts Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinzhu Zhou
- Key lab of Avian Bioproducts Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Gao
- Key lab of Avian Bioproducts Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Gao
- Key lab of Avian Bioproducts Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiufan Liu
- Key lab of Avian Bioproducts Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Sanchez RE, Meerts P, Nauwynck HJ, Ellis JA, Pensaert MB. Characteristics of Porcine Circovirus—2 Replication in Lymphoid Organs of Pigs Inoculated in Late Gestation or Postnatally and Possible Relation to Clinical and Pathological Outcome of Infection. J Vet Diagn Invest 2016; 16:175-85. [PMID: 15152830 DOI: 10.1177/104063870401600301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the characteristics of porcine circovirus–2 (PCV2) replication (infectious virus titrations, distribution, and immunophenotyping of infected cells) in lymphoid organs were examined and related to the development of clinical signs and histological lesions in 26 piglets that had been inoculated with PCV2 either in utero or at 1 day of age. Piglets inoculated in utero at 92 or 104 gestational days ( n = 12) were collected by Caesarean section at term and either sacrificed immediately or kept in isolators and allowed to live postnatally until 35 days postinoculation (PI). Caesarean-derived piglets inoculated at 1 day of age ( n = 14) were sacrificed at 10, 21, 35, 42, and 49 days PI. Spleen and lymph nodes were collected for virologic and histopathological examinations. Clinical signs were not observed in any of the piglets. High virus titers (104.5–5.7 TCID50/g [TCID refers to tissue culture infectious dose]) were detected in 6 of the 26 piglets. Three of these 6 piglets were euthanized at 10 days PI, and infected cells of the monocyte–macrophage lineage (SWC3+, CD14+, and sialoadhesin [Sa]+ cells) and infected cells bearing lymphocyte markers (CD4+, CD8+, and immunoglobulin M+ cells) were identified by double-immunofluorescence labeling on serial cryostat sections. The other 3 piglets were euthanized at 21 and 35 days PI, and the majority of infected cells were SWC3+, CD14+, and Sa–. The absence of Sa in these infected cells, together with their localization in lymphocyte-dependent regions, suggests that they were infiltrating monocytic cells. Sialoadhesin is highly expressed in differentiated macrophages and not in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In all 6 piglets with high virus titers, lymphocyte depletion and infiltration of monocytic cells were observed. In the remaining 20 piglets with virus titers less than 1045 TCID50/g, the majority of infected cells were SWC3+, CD14+, and Sa+. In conclusion, it can be stated that high PCV2 titers in lymphoid organs may lead to the development of histological lesions similar to those observed in pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome without causing disease. Furthermore, in lymphoid organs with high virus titers, infection occurs mainly in infiltrating monocytic cells and to a limited extent in cells bearing lymphocyte markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romeo E Sanchez
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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Zhan Y, Wang N, Zhu Z, Wang Z, Wang A, Deng Z, Yang Y. In silico analyses of antigenicity and surface structure variation of an emerging porcine circovirus genotype 2b mutant, prevalent in southern China from 2013 to 2015. J Gen Virol 2016; 97:922-933. [PMID: 26758466 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the pivotal pathogen causing porcine circovirus-associated diseases. In this study, 62 PCV2 isolates were identified from seven farms in southern China from 2013 to 2015 and phylogenetic trees were reconstructed based on whole-genome sequences or the cap gene. In this investigation, PCV2b was the main genotype in circulation throughout these farms. Furthermore, an emerging mutant (PCV2b-1C), isolated from PCV2-vaccinated farms, was the predominant strain prevalent on these farms. In addition, we isolated a new cluster that may represent evolution of the virus through recombination of PCV2b-1A/1B and PCV2b-1C. Finally, we discuss evidence that antigenicity and surface structure variation of the capsid resulted from mutation of the C-terminal loop (Loop CT) of the PCV2b-1C Cap in silico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhan
- Research Center of Functional Proteomics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, PRChina
| | - Naidong Wang
- Research Center of Functional Proteomics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, PRChina
| | - Zhe Zhu
- Research Center of Functional Proteomics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, PRChina
| | - Zhanfeng Wang
- Research Center of Functional Proteomics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, PRChina
| | - Aibing Wang
- Research Center of Functional Proteomics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, PRChina
| | - Zhibang Deng
- Research Center of Functional Proteomics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, PRChina
| | - Yi Yang
- Research Center of Functional Proteomics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, PRChina
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Park C, Jeong J, Choi K, Chae C. Efficacy of a new bivalent vaccine of porcine circovirus type 2 and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Fostera™ PCV MH) under experimental conditions. Vaccine 2016; 34:270-275. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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A new single-dose bivalent vaccine of porcine circovirus type 2 and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae elicits protective immunity and improves growth performance under field conditions. Vet Microbiol 2015; 182:178-86. [PMID: 26711046 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of the new single-dose bivalent vaccine of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae was evaluated under field conditions for registration as recommended by the Republic of Korea's Animal, Plant & Fisheries Quarantine & Inspection Agency. Three farms were selected based on their history of co-infection with PCV2 and M. hyopneumoniae. On each farm, a total of 80 3-week-old pigs were randomly allocated to one of two treatment groups: (i) vaccinated (n=40) and (ii) unvaccinated (n=40) animals at 3 weeks of age. Protection by the bivalent vaccine helped increase the market weight by 6.2 kg/pig (106.2 kg in vaccinated group vs. 100 kg in unvaccinated group; P<0.05) and decreased mortality rate by 13.4% (0.8% in unvaccinated group vs. 14.2% in unvaccinated group; P<0.05). Vaccinated animals induced PCV2-specific neutralizing antibodies (NA) and interferon-γ secreting cells (IFN-γ-SC), and M. hyopneumoniae-specific IFN-γ-SC. Vaccinated animals displayed a reduced PCV2 load in the blood and M. hyopneumoniae load in nasal swabs compared to unvaccinated animals. Vaccination of pigs against PCV2 and M. hyopneumoniae effectively reduced the lung and lymphoid lesion scores compared to unvaccinated animals in all 3 farms. The new bivalent vaccine is very efficacious in controlling PCV2 and M. hyopneumoniae infection based on clinical, immunological, virological, and pathological evaluations under field conditions.
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Kekarainen T, Segalés J. Porcine circovirus 2 immunology and viral evolution. Porcine Health Manag 2015; 1:17. [PMID: 28405423 PMCID: PMC5382452 DOI: 10.1186/s40813-015-0012-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) has and is still causing important economic losses to pig industry. This is due to PCV2-systemic disease (PCV2-SD), formerly known as postweaning multi-systemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), which increases mortality rates and slows down the growth of the animals, as well as other conditions collectively included within the so-called porcine circovirus diseases (PCVD). PCV2-SD affected pigs are considered to be immunosuppressed, with severe lymphocyte depletion and evidence of secondary infections. However, PCV2-infected pigs not developing the disease are able to mount humoral and cellular immune responses and clear the virus or limit the infection. On the contrary, insufficient amounts of neutralizing antibodies have been linked to increased PCV2 replication, severe lymphoid lesions and development of PCV2-SD. Central role in controlling PCV2 infection are played by the antigen specific memory T cells. These cells persist long term post-infection or vaccination and are able to expand rapidly after recall antigen recognition. Most farms in the main pig producing countries are applying vaccination against PCV2 to prevent the disease and improve the farm performance. Vaccines do not induce sterilizing immunity and PCV2 keeps on circulating even in farms applying vaccination. This, together with the high mutation rate of PCV2, world-wide fluctuations in the genotype dominance and emergence of novel genetic variants, warrant close molecular survey of the virus in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuija Kekarainen
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Joaquim Segalés
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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Cheng C, Sun WK, Liu R, Wang RM, Chen YH, Wang Y, Li JL, Lu XB, Gao R. Comparison of gene expression of Toll-like receptors and antimicrobial peptides in immune organs and tissues between Yorkshire and Tibetan pigs. Anim Genet 2015; 46:272-9. [PMID: 25917299 DOI: 10.1111/age.12286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs), an important family of pattern-recognition receptors, and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) contribute to the first line of innate protection of mammals against microbes. To compare characteristics of innate immunity between Tibetan and Yorkshire pigs, we investigated the mRNA abundance of TLR genes (TLR1-TLR9) and two AMP-encoding genes (PBD-1 and PR-39) in thymus, spleen, blood, palatine tonsils, and mesenteric and pulmonary hilar lymph nodes of the two breeds at ages of 6, 12 and 24 weeks using quantitative real-time PCR. Results showed that all mRNAs were detected in all tissues. Transcript levels of the major TLR genes of Tibetan pigs were significantly higher than those of Yorkshires in most tissues of the immune system, with a higher abundance of porcine (PBD-1) (beta-defensin-1) and PR-39 mRNA in lymphoid organs and tissues, especially blood, palatine tonsils, and mesenteric and pulmonary hilar lymph nodes. Our data suggest that Tibetan pigs have stronger innate immunity for triggering local and/or systemic immune responses to eliminate infections with pathogenic microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment of the Education Ministry, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety of Sichuan Province, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China; College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong, Sichuan, 643000, China
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Li J, Yu T, Wang X, Zhou J, Gao R, Zhang F, Gao X, Gao S, Liu X. Comparative efficacy of experimental inactivated and live-attenuated chimeric porcine circovirus (PCV) 1-2b vaccines derived from PCV1 and PCV2b isolates originated in China. Virol J 2015. [PMID: 26220290 PMCID: PMC4518523 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0338-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Porcine circovirus type-2b (PCV2b) is recognized as the etiological agent of the various clinical manifestations of porcine circovirus-associated disease (PCVAD). Previous studies have demonstrated effectiveness of chimeric PCV1-2 vaccines against PCV2b challenge. In this study, the efficacy of inactivated and live-attenuated (2 × 103.5 or 2 × 104.0 50 % tissue culture infective dose [TCID50] dose) chimeric PCV1-2b vaccines was compared side-by-side in conventional pigs. Methods Twenty-seven non-PCV2 viremic pigs without PCV2-specific antibody were randomly divided into six groups, including four vaccinated and challenged groups, a nonvaccinated challenged group, and a mock group. All pigs except those in the mock group were challenged at 28 days post vaccination (DPV) using PCV2b. Results Both inactivated and live-attenuated chimeric PCV1-2b vaccines induced a robust antibody responses, and significantly decreased microscopic lesion and lower viral loads in serum or superficial inguinal lymph nodes (SILN) compared with that in the nonvaccinated challenged group. PCV2 antibody titers decreased after 7 days post challenge (DPC) in pigs administered the inactivated PCV1-2b vaccine and they were lower than those in pigs inoculated with live-attenuated PCV1-2b on the day of necropsy. Moreover, no viremia was present in pigs inoculated with live-attenuated PCV1-2b vaccine at 21 DPC regardless of the dose difference. Conclusions The results demonstrated that both inactivated and live-attenuated chimeric PCV1-2b vaccines were effective to induce protective immunity against PCV2b infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jizong Li
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tianqi Yu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinzhu Zhou
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ruxia Gao
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Feipeng Zhang
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xing Gao
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Song Gao
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiufan Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China.
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Chen GL, Fu PF, Wang LQ, Li XS, Chen HY. Immune responses of piglets immunized by a recombinant plasmid containing porcine circovirus type 2 and porcine interleukin-18 genes. Viral Immunol 2015; 27:521-8. [PMID: 25268976 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2014.0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, two recombinant plasmids containing the ORF2 gene of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) with or without porcine interleukin-18 (IL-18) were constructed and evaluated for their ability to protect piglets against PCV2 challenge. Transient expression of the plasmids in PK-15 cells could be detected using Western blot. Piglets were given two intramuscular immunizations 3 weeks apart and were challenged with a virulent Wuzhi strain of PCV2 at 42 days after the initial immunization. All animals vaccinated with pBudCE4.1-ORF2 or with pBudCE4.1-ORF2/IL18 developed PCV2-specific antibody and T-lymphocyte proliferative responses. The levels of T-lymphocyte proliferation in piglets immunized with pBudCE4.1-ORF2/IL18 were significantly higher than in those immunized with pBudCE4.1-ORF2, and pBudCE4.1-ORF2/IL18 stimulated a significantly increased production of IFN-γ and IL-2. Furthermore, PCV2 challenge experiments showed that the DNA vaccine-immunized groups can partially prevent PCV2 viremia and significantly reduce the amount of PCV2 virus in the lymphoid tissues, and the piglets immunized by pBudCE4.1-ORF2/IL18 exhibit a marked inhibition of PCV2 replication compared to the pBudCE4.1-ORF2 group. These data demonstrate that the plasmid pBudCE4.1-ORF2/IL18 may be an effective approach for increasing PCV2 DNA vaccine immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Lei Chen
- 1 College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University , Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
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Lee JB, Bae SM, Shin TY, Woo SD. Expression of porcine circovirus type 2 capsid protein fused with partial polyhedrin using baculovirus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.7852/ijie.2015.30.2.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Li J, Shi JL, Wu XY, Fu F, Yu J, Yuan XY, Peng Z, Cong XY, Xu SJ, Sun WB, Cheng KH, Du YJ, Wu JQ, Wang JB, Huang BH. Improvement of the Immunogenicity of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 DNA Vaccine by Recombinant ORF2 Gene and CpG Motifs. Viral Immunol 2015; 28:290-6. [PMID: 26046831 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2014.0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, adjuvant is still important for boosting immunity and improving resistance in animals. In order to boost the immunity of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) DNA vaccine, CpG motifs were inserted. In this study, the dose-effect was studied, and the immunity of PCV2 DNA vaccines by recombinant open reading frame 2 (ORF2) gene and CpG motifs was evaluated. Three-week-old Changbai piglets were inoculated intramuscularly with 200 μg, 400 μg, and 800 μg DNA vaccines containing 14 and 18 CpG motifs, respectively. Average gain and rectum temperature were recorded everyday during the experiments. Blood was collected from the piglets after vaccination to detect the changes of specific antibodies, interleukin-2, and immune cells every week. Tissues were collected for histopathology and polymerase chain reaction. The results indicated that compared to those of the control piglets, all concentrations of two DNA vaccines could induce PCV2-specific antibodies. A cellular immunity test showed that PCV2-specific lymphocytes proliferated the number of TH, TC, and CD3+ positive T-cells raised in the blood of DNA vaccine immune groups. There was no distinct pathological damage and viremia occurring in pigs that were inoculated with DNA vaccines, but there was some minor pathological damage in the control group. The results demonstrated that CpG motifs as an adjuvant could boost the humoral and cellular immunity of pigs to PCV2, especially in terms of cellular immunity. Comparing two DNA vaccines that were constructed, the one containing 18 CpG motifs was more effective. This is the first report that CpG motifs as an adjuvant insert to the PCV2 DNA vaccine could boost immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- 1Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jian-Li Shi
- 1Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Wu
- 1Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Fang Fu
- 2Division of Swine Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jiang Yu
- 1Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao-Yuan Yuan
- 1Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Zhe Peng
- 1Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Cong
- 1Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Shao-Jian Xu
- 1Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Wen-Bo Sun
- 1Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Kai-Hui Cheng
- 1Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yi-Jun Du
- 1Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jia-Qiang Wu
- 1Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jin-Bao Wang
- 1Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Bao-Hua Huang
- 1Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
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Guo XQ, Wang LQ, Qiao H, Yang XW, Yang MF, Chen HY. Enhancement of the immunogenicity of a porcine circovirus type 2 DNA vaccine by a recombinant plasmid coexpressing capsid protein and porcine interleukin-6 in mice. Microbiol Immunol 2015; 59:174-80. [DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qing Guo
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine; Henan Agricultural University; 63 Nongye Road Zhengzhou 450002
| | - Lin-Qing Wang
- Department of Life Science; Zhengzhou Normal University; Zhengzhou 450044 Henan Province China
| | - Han Qiao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine; Henan Agricultural University; 63 Nongye Road Zhengzhou 450002
| | - Xing-Wu Yang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine; Henan Agricultural University; 63 Nongye Road Zhengzhou 450002
| | - Ming-Fan Yang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine; Henan Agricultural University; 63 Nongye Road Zhengzhou 450002
| | - Hong-Ying Chen
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine; Henan Agricultural University; 63 Nongye Road Zhengzhou 450002
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Segalés J. Best practice and future challenges for vaccination against porcine circovirus type 2. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 14:473-87. [DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2015.983084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joaquim Segalés
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Sanitat i d’Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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Comparative analyses of humoral and cell-mediated immune responses upon vaccination with different commercially available single-dose porcine circovirus type 2 vaccines. Res Vet Sci 2014; 97:38-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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50
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Sylla S, Cong YL, Sun YX, Yang GL, Ding XM, Yang ZQ, Zhou YL, Yang M, Wang CF, Ding Z. Protective immunity conferred by porcine circovirus 2 ORF2-based DNA vaccine in mice. Microbiol Immunol 2014; 58:398-408. [DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seydou Sylla
- Laboratory of Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine; Jilin University; Xi’an Road 5333 Changchun Jilin 130062 China
- Institut Supérieur des Sciences et de Médecine Vétérinaire; Dalaba 09 Guinea
| | - Yan-Long Cong
- Laboratory of Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine; Jilin University; Xi’an Road 5333 Changchun Jilin 130062 China
| | - Yi-Xue Sun
- Laboratory of Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine; Jilin University; Xi’an Road 5333 Changchun Jilin 130062 China
| | - Gui-Lian Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Jilin Province for Animals Probiotics; College of Animal Science and Technology
| | - Xue-Mei Ding
- College of Animal Science; College of Veterinary Medicine Jilin University 5333 Xi’an Rd
| | - Zhan-Qing Yang
- Laboratory of Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine; Jilin University; Xi’an Road 5333 Changchun Jilin 130062 China
| | - Yu-Long Zhou
- Laboratory of Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine; Jilin University; Xi’an Road 5333 Changchun Jilin 130062 China
| | - Minnan Yang
- Laboratory of Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine; Jilin University; Xi’an Road 5333 Changchun Jilin 130062 China
| | - Chun-Feng Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Jilin Province for Animals Probiotics; College of Animal Science and Technology
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi; Jilin Agricultural University; 2888 Xinchen Rd Changchun Jilin 130062 China
| | - Zhuang Ding
- Laboratory of Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine; Jilin University; Xi’an Road 5333 Changchun Jilin 130062 China
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