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Yin Y, Liu K, Li G. Protective Effect of Prim-O-Glucosylcimifugin on Ulcerative Colitis and Its Mechanism. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:882924. [PMID: 35662727 PMCID: PMC9158503 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.882924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial immune dysfunction or imbalance in the homeostasis of intestinal flora can lead to the occurrence or exacerbation of ulcerative colitis (UC). Prim-O-glucosylcimifugin (POG) is an extract of Chinese traditional medicine (TCM) Saposhnikov, which has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. The present work discussed how the POG alternated ulcerative colitis (UC) along with its underlying mechanism. This was clarified by performing animal studies in a mice model, wherein UC was induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). In vivo studies have found that POG increased clinical score, colonic length, and weight of mice in the ulcerative colitis model. It repaired the pathological injury of an intestinal mucosa within mice while inhibiting the inflammatory factor levels such as IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6. Meanwhile, by16SrDNA sequencing analysis, it was found that POG regulated the richness of intestinal microbiota structure and repaired the intestinal immune barrier by upregulating the expression levels of tight junction proteins Occludin, Claudin-3, and ZO-1. To further confirm the above results, we found in in vitro studies that POG also protected lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced RAW264.7 cells. POG dramatically suppressed inflammatory factor production (including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) within LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells by inhibiting the activation of ERK1/2, AKT, JNK1/2, IκB-α, P38, and P65 phosphorylation. In conclusion, POG plays a protective role against UC by inhibiting the activation of pro-inflammatory signaling pathways MAPK, AKT, and NF-κB; repairing the integrity of the intestinal barrier; and regulating the diversity and abundance of intestinal flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yin
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Kunjian Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Guofeng Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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2
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Cancer evolution: special focus on the immune aspect of cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:420-435. [PMID: 35589072 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is an evolutionary disease. Intra-tumor heterogeneity (ITH), which describes the diversity within individual tumors, sets the foundation for evolution. The fitness of tumor cells is determined by their microenvironment, which exerts intense selection pressure that generally favors cells with survival and proliferation advantages. It has been revealed that host immunity dramatically influences the evolutionary trajectory of cancer. As technologies advance, a refined map of the immune system's involvement in cancer evolution has gradually come to our knowledge. Here we specifically view cancer through the lens of evolutionary immunological biology. We will cover the neoplastic evolution under immunosurveillance, including how the host immunity shapes the tumor evolutionary trajectory and how progressive tumors modulate the host immunity to survive. A comprehensive understanding of the interplay between cancer evolution and cancer immunity provides clues to combating cancer strategically.
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3
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Chemically Induced Colitis-Associated Cancer Models in Rodents for Pharmacological Modulation: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11102739. [PMID: 35628865 PMCID: PMC9146029 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11102739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models for colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CACC) represent an important tool to explore the mechanistic basis of cancer-related inflammation, providing important evidence that several inflammatory mediators play specific roles in the initiation and perpetuation of colitis and CACC. Although several original articles have been published describing the CACC model in rodents, there is no consensus about the induction method. This review aims to identify, summarize, compare, and discuss the chemical methods for the induction of CACC through the PRISMA methodology. METHODS We searched MEDLINE via the Pubmed platform for studies published through March 2021, using a highly sensitive search expression. The inclusion criteria were only original articles, articles where a chemically-induced animal model of CACC is described, preclinical studies in vivo with rodents, and articles published in English. RESULTS Chemically inducible models typically begin with the administration of a carcinogenic compound (as azoxymethane (AOM) or 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)), and inflammation is caused by repeated cycles of colitis-inducing agents (such as 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) or dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)). The strains mostly used are C57BL/6 and Balb/c with 5-6 weeks. To characterize the preclinical model, the parameters more used include body weight, stool consistency and morbidity, inflammatory biomarkers such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β, angiogenesis markers such as proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), marker of proliferation Ki-67, and caspase 3, the presence of ulcers, thickness or hyperemia in the colon, and histological evaluation of inflammation. CONCLUSION The AOM administration seems to be important to the CACC induction method, since the carcinogenic effect is achieved with just one administration. DSS has been the more used inflammatory agent; however, the TNBS contribution should be more studied, since it allows a reliable, robust, and a highly reproducible animal model of intestinal inflammation.
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4
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Nagao-Kitamoto H, Kitamoto S, Kamada N. Inflammatory bowel disease and carcinogenesis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2022; 41:301-316. [PMID: 35416564 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10028-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the fourth most common cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) is a subtype of CRC associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It is well known that individuals with IBD have a 2-3 times higher risk of developing CRC than those who do not, rendering CAC a major cause of death in this group. Although the etiology and pathogenesis of CAC are incompletely understood, animal models of chronic inflammation and human cohort data indicate that changes in the intestinal environment, including host response dysregulation and gut microbiota perturbations, may contribute to the development of CAC. Genomic alterations are a hallmark of CAC, with patterns that are distinct from those in sporadic CRC. The discovery of the biological changes that underlie the development of CAC is ongoing; however, current data suggest that chronic inflammation in IBD increases the risk of developing CAC. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the precise mechanisms by which inflammation triggers genetic alterations and disrupts intestinal homeostasis may provide insight into novel therapeutic strategies for the prevention of CAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Nagao-Kitamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA. .,WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Sho Kitamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Kamada
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA. .,WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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5
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Daurisoline alleviated experimental colitis in vivo and in vitro: Involvement of NF-κB and Wnt/β-Catenin pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 108:108714. [PMID: 35366641 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Daurisoline (DS) is one of the most abundant alkaloids extracted from the rhizome of Menispermum Dauricum DC, which is traditionally used to treat inflammatory diseases, especially intestinal inflammation. In this study, we established lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages in vitro and Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice model in vivo to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of DS and its underlying mechanisms. Disease activity index (DAI) was detected during drug intervention. The colon length, macroscopic changes and histopathological scores were adopted to observe the physiological status and the colon injury. The apoptosis of intestinal mucosa was detected using TUNEL. In addition, involved molecular indicators were measured by ELISA kits, RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence (IF), immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blotting. The vitro experiments indicated that DS significantly suppressed the production of Nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH), as well as inhibited the expression of NF-κB signaling pathway in RAW 264.7 cells induced by LPS. Consistent with the vitro experimental results, different doses of DS significantly reduced the incidence of diarrhea, DAI, shortening of the colon, visible damage and histological damage in DSS-induced colitis mice. Moreover, DS treatment decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory mediators cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and interleukin (IL)-1β, and increased the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 in colon tissues. RT-qPCR, western blotting and immunofluorescence analyses further demonstrated that DS inhibits the expression of Wnt/β-Catenin pathway. We reported for the first time that DS may be an active ingredient in treating ulcerative colitis. Its mechanism might be related to the regulation of the NF-κB and Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway.
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Wan D, Wang S, Xu Z, Zan X, Liu F, Han Y, Jiang M, Wu A, Zhi Q. PRKAR2A‐derived circular RNAs promote the malignant transformation of colitis and distinguish patients with colitis‐associated colorectal cancer. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e683. [PMID: 35184406 PMCID: PMC8858608 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methods Results Conclusions
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiwei Wan
- Department of General Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Sentai Wang
- Department of General Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Zhihua Xu
- Department of General Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Xinquan Zan
- Department of General Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Ye Han
- Department of General Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Min Jiang
- Department of Oncology The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Airong Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Qiaoming Zhi
- Department of General Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou China
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7
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Zhang H, Wang Y, Su Y, Fang X, Guo W. The alleviating effect and mechanism of Bilobalide on ulcerative colitis. Food Funct 2021; 12:6226-6239. [PMID: 34096560 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01266e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunction of the intestinal epithelial barrier and intestinal microbiota dysbiosis can drive the onset or aggravation of ulcerative colitis (UC). Bilobalide (BI) is an extract of Ginkgo biloba that has been shown to exhibit a range of anti-inflammatory properties. Herein, we explored functional and mechanistic effects of BI treatment in a rodent model of DSS-induced UC. These analyses revealed that BI treatment was sufficient to reduce disease severity, increase colon length, and normalize colon histological characteristics relative to those observed in DSS-treated model mice. BI also enhanced the expression of tight junction proteins associated with intestinal barrier integrity including ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-3. Through 16S rDNA sequencing analyses, BI was also found to influence the overall richness of the intestinal microbiome, promoting the proliferation of probiotic species including Lactobacillus. Consistent with these in vivo findings, BI treatment protected RAW264.7 cells against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory damage, suppressing the activation of the AKT/NF-κB p65 and MAPK signaling pathways in this experimental context. In summary, these findings revealed that BI can suppress MAPK and AKT/NF-κB p65 signaling, thereby suppressing the production of inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, while additionally alleviating UC severity by facilitating repair of the intestinal epithelial barrier and the remodeling of intestinal microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haolong Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Colorectal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China.
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8
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Colon Fibroblasts and Inflammation: Sparring Partners in Colorectal Cancer Initiation? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081749. [PMID: 33916891 PMCID: PMC8067599 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cause of cancer-related death. Patients suffering inflammatory bowel disease have an increased risk of CRC. It is admitted that CRC found its origin within crypts of the colon mucosa, which host the intestinal stem cells (ISCs) responsible of the tissue renewal. ISC behavior is controlled by the fibroblasts that surround the crypt. During inflammation, the signals delivered by fibroblasts are altered, leading to stem cells’ dysregulation, possibly turning them into cancer-initiating cells. Here, we reviewed the interplays between the fibroblast and the ISCs, possibly leading to the initiation of CRC due to chronic inflammation. Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cause of cancer-related death. Significant improvements in CRC treatment have been made for the last 20 years, on one hand thanks to a better detection, allowing surgical resection of the incriminated area, and on the other hand, thanks to a better knowledge of CRC’s development allowing the improvement of drug strategies. Despite this crucial progress, CRC remains a public health issue. The current model for CRC initiation and progression is based on accumulation of sequential known genetic mutations in the colon epithelial cells’ genome leading to a loss of control over proliferation and survival. However, increasing evidence reveals that CRC initiation is more complex. Indeed, chronic inflammatory contexts, such as inflammatory bowel diseases, have been shown to increase the risk for CRC development in mice and humans. In this manuscript, we review whether colon fibroblasts can go from the main regulators of the ISC homeostasis, regulating not only the renewal process but also the epithelial cells’ differentiation occurring along the colon crypt, to the main player in the initiation of the colorectal cancer process due to chronic inflammation.
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Frick A, Khare V, Jimenez K, Dammann K, Lang M, Krnjic A, Gmainer C, Baumgartner M, Mesteri I, Gasche C. A Novel PAK1-Notch1 Axis Regulates Crypt Homeostasis in Intestinal Inflammation. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 11:892-907.e1. [PMID: 33189893 PMCID: PMC7900837 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS p21-activated kinase-1 (PAK1) belongs to a family of serine-threonine kinases and contributes to cellular pathways such as nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT), and Wingless-related integration site(Wnt)/β-catenin, all of which are involved in intestinal homeostasis. Overexpression of PAK1 is linked to inflammatory bowel disease as well as colitis-associated cancer (CAC), and similarly was observed in interleukin (IL)10 knockout (KO) mice, a model of colitis and CAC. Here, we tested the effects of PAK1 deletion on intestinal inflammation and carcinogenesis in IL10 KO mice. METHODS IL10/PAK1 double-knockout (DKO) mice were generated and development of colitis and CAC was analyzed. Large intestines were measured and prepared for histology or RNA isolation. Swiss rolls were stained with H&E and periodic acid-Schiff. Co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence were performed using intestinal organoids, SW480, and normal human colon epithelial cells 1CT. RESULTS When compared with IL10 KO mice, DKOs showed longer colons and prolonged crypts, despite having higher inflammation and numbers of dysplasia. Crypt hyperproliferation was associated with Notch1 activation and diminished crypt differentiation, indicated by a reduction of goblet cells. Gene expression analysis indicated up-regulation of the Notch1 target hairy and enhancer of split-1 and the stem cell receptor leucin-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5 in DKO mice. Interestingly, the stem cell marker olfactomedin-4 was present in colonic tissue. Increased β-catenin messenger RNA and cytoplasmic accumulation indicated aberrant Wnt signaling. Co-localization and direct interaction of Notch1 and PAK1 was found in colon epithelial cells. Notch1 activation abrogated this effect whereas silencing of PAK1 led to Notch1 activation. CONCLUSIONS PAK1 contributes to the regulation of crypt homeostasis under inflammatory conditions by controlling Notch1. This identifies a novel PAK1-Notch1 axis in intestinal pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease and CAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Frick
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vineeta Khare
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kristine Jimenez
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kyle Dammann
- Department of Surgery, Saint Luke's University Hospital Bethlehem, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
| | - Michaela Lang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anita Krnjic
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christina Gmainer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maximilian Baumgartner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Christoph Gasche
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Jacobs BA, Prince S, Smith KA. Gastrointestinal Nematode-Derived Antigens Alter Colorectal Cancer Cell Proliferation and Migration through Regulation of Cell Cycle and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217845. [PMID: 33105843 PMCID: PMC7660063 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
As the global incidences of colorectal cancer rises, there is a growing importance in understanding the interaction between external factors, such as common infections, on the initiation and progression of this disease. While certain helminth infections have been shown to alter the severity and risk of developing colitis-associated colorectal cancer, whether these parasites can directly affect colorectal cancer progression is unknown. Here, we made use of murine and human colorectal cancer cell lines to demonstrate that exposure to antigens derived from the gastrointestinal nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus significantly reduced colorectal cancer cell proliferation in vitro. Using a range of approaches, we demonstrate that antigen-dependent reductions in cancer cell proliferation and viability are associated with increased expression of the critical cell cycle regulators p53 and p21. Interestingly, H. polygyrus-derived antigens significantly increased murine colorectal cancer cell migration, which was associated with an increased expression of the adherens junction protein β-catenin, whereas the opposite was true for human colorectal cancer cells. Together, these findings demonstrate that antigens derived from a gastrointestinal nematode can significantly alter colorectal cancer cell behavior. Further in-depth analysis may reveal novel candidates for targeting and treating late-stage cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany-Amber Jacobs
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa;
| | - Sharon Prince
- Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa;
| | - Katherine Ann Smith
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa;
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 3XN, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-2920-874-303
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11
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A Nucleotide Analog Prevents Colitis-Associated Cancer via Beta-Catenin Independently of Inflammation and Autophagy. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 11:33-53. [PMID: 32497793 PMCID: PMC7593585 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Chronic bowel inflammation increases the risk of colon cancer; colitis-associated cancer (CAC). Thiopurine treatments are associated with a reduction in dysplasia and CAC in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Abnormal Wnt/β-catenin signalling is characteristic of >90% of colorectal cancers. Immunosuppression by thiopurines is via Rac1 GTPase, which also affects Wnt/β-catenin signalling. Autophagy is implicated in colonic tumors, and topical delivery of the thiopurine thioguanine (TG) is known to alleviate colitis and augment autophagy. This study investigated the effects of TG in a murine model of CAC and potential mechanisms. METHODS Colonic dysplasia was induced by exposure to azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in wild-type (WT) mice and mice harboring intestinal epithelial cell-specific deletion of autophagy related 7 gene (Atg7ΔIEC). TG or vehicle was administered intrarectally, and the effect on tumor burden and β-catenin activity was assessed. The mechanisms of action of TG were investigated in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS TG ameliorated DSS colitis in wild-type but not Atg7ΔIEC mice, demonstrating that anti-inflammatory effects of locally delivered TG are autophagy-dependent. However, TG inhibited CAC in both wild-type and Atg7ΔIEC mice. This was associated with decreased β-catenin activation/nuclear translocation demonstrating that TG's inhibition of tumorigenesis occurred independently of anti-inflammatory and pro-autophagic actions. These results were confirmed in cell lines, and the dependency on Rac1 GTPase was demonstrated by siRNA knockdown and overexpression of constitutively active Rac1. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide evidence for a new mechanism that could be exploited to improve CAC chemoprophylactic approaches.
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12
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Blevins LK, Crawford RB, Bach A, Rizzo MD, Zhou J, Henriquez JE, Khan DMIO, Sermet S, Arnold LL, Pennington KL, Souza NP, Cohen SM, Kaminski NE. Evaluation of immunologic and intestinal effects in rats administered an E 171-containing diet, a food grade titanium dioxide (TiO 2). Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 133:110793. [PMID: 31473338 PMCID: PMC6775638 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The toxicity of dietary E 171, a food grade titanium dioxide was evaluated. A recent study reported rats receiving E 171 in water developed inflammation and aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in the gastrointestinal tract. Here, rats received food containing E 171 (7 or 100 days). The 100-day study included feeding E 171 after dimethylhydrazine (DMH) or vehicle only pretreatment. Food consumption was similar between treatment groups with maximum total cumulative E 171 exposure being 2617 mg/kg in 7 days and 29,400 mg/kg in 100 days. No differences were observed due to E 171 in the percentage of dendritic, CD4+ T or Treg cells within Peyer's patches or the periphery, or in cytokine production in plasma, sections of jejunum, and colon in 7- or 100-day E 171 alone fed rats. Differences were observed for IL-17A in colon (400 ppm E 171 + DMH) and IL-12p70 in plasma (40 ppm E 171 + DMH). E 171 had no effect on histopathologic evaluations of small and large intestines, liver, spleen, lungs, or testes, and no effects on ACF, goblet cell numbers, or colonic gland length. Dietary E 171 administration (7- or 100-day), even at high doses, produced no effect on the immune parameters or tissue morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lance K Blevins
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Robert B Crawford
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Anthony Bach
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Center for Research on Ingredient Safety, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Michael D Rizzo
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jiajun Zhou
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Joseph E Henriquez
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - D M Isha Olive Khan
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Sera Sermet
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Lora L Arnold
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | | | - Samuel M Cohen
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Havlik-Wall Professor of Oncology, USA
| | - Norbert E Kaminski
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Center for Research on Ingredient Safety, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidhant Jain
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, North Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Madhumita Sengupta
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, North Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Pooja Jain
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Bhagwati Hospital, New Delhi, India
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14
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Xu H, Li J, Chen H, Ghishan FK. NHE8 Deficiency Promotes Colitis-Associated Cancer in Mice via Expansion of Lgr5-Expressing Cells. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 7:19-31. [PMID: 30465020 PMCID: PMC6240644 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Lgr5 overexpression has been detected in colorectal cancers (CRCs), including some cases of colitis-associated CRCs. In colitis-associated CRCs, chronic inflammation is a contributing factor in carcinogenesis. We recently reported that intestinal Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 8 (NHE8) plays an important role in intestinal mucosal protection and that loss of NHE8 expression results in an ulcerative colitis-like condition. Therefore, we hypothesized that NHE8 may be involved in the development of intestinal tumors. METHODS We assessed NHE8 expression in human CRCs by immunohistochemistry and studied tumor burden in NHE8 knockout (KO) mice using an azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate colon cancer model. We also evaluated cell proliferation in HT29NHE8KO cells and assessed tumor growth in NOD scid gamma (NSG) mice xenografted with HT29NHE8KO cells. To verify if a relationship exists between Lgr5 and NHE8 expression, we analyzed Lgr5 expression in NHE8KO mice by polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization. Lgr5 expression and cell proliferation in the absence of NHE8 were confirmed in colonic organoid cultures. The expression of β-catenin and c-Myc also were analyzed to evaluate Wnt/β-catenin activation. RESULTS NHE8 was undetectable in human CRC tissues. Although only 9% of NHE8 wild-type mice showed tumorigenesis in the azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate colon cancer model, almost 10 times more NHE8KO mice (89%) developed tumors. In the absence of NHE8, a higher colony formation unit was discovered in HT29NHE8KO cells. In NSG mice, larger tumors developed at the site where HT29NHE8KO cells were injected compared with HT29NHE8 wild type cells. Furthermore, NHE8 deficiency resulted in increased Lgr5 expression in the colon, in HT29-derived tumors, and in colonoids. The absence of NHE8 also increased Wnt/β-catenin activation. CONCLUSIONS NHE8 might be an intrinsic factor that regulates Wnt/β-catenin in the intestine.
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Key Words
- AOM, azoxymethane
- CRC, colorectal cancer
- CRISPR/Cas9, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated protein 9
- Colorectal Tumor
- DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium
- DSS, dextran sodium sulfate
- EGFP, enhanced green fluorescent protein
- EdU, 5-ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine
- FACS, fluorescence-activated cell sorter
- KO, knockout
- Lgr5
- NHE, Na+/H+ exchanger
- NHE8
- NSG, NOD scid gamma
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- UC, ulcerative colitis
- WT, wild type
- mRNA, messenger RNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Fayez K. Ghishan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson, Arizona,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Fayez K. Ghishan, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Steele Children’s Research Center, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85724. fax: (520) 626-4141.
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15
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Perera AP, Fernando R, Shinde T, Gundamaraju R, Southam B, Sohal SS, Robertson AAB, Schroder K, Kunde D, Eri R. MCC950, a specific small molecule inhibitor of NLRP3 inflammasome attenuates colonic inflammation in spontaneous colitis mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8618. [PMID: 29872077 PMCID: PMC5988655 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26775-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
MCC950 a potent, highly specific small molecule inhibitor of canonical and noncanonical activation of NLRP3 inflammasome has been evaluated in a multitude of NLRP3 driven inflammatory diseases. However, the effect of MCC950 on colonic inflammation has not yet been reported. In the present study we investigated the effect of MCC950 in a spontaneous chronic colitis mouse model Winnie, which mimics human ulcerative colitis. Oral administration of 40 mg/kg MCC950 commencing at Winnie week seven for three weeks significantly improved body weight gain, colon length, colon weight to body weight ratio, disease activity index and histopathological scores. MCC950 significantly suppressed release of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-18, IL1-α, IFNγ, TNF-α, IL6, IL17, chemokine MIP1a and Nitric Oxide in colonic explants. Moreover, MCC950 resulted in a significant decrease of IL-1β release and activation of caspase-1 in colonic explants and macrophage cells isolated from Winnie. Complete inhibition with MCC950 in Winnie colonic explants shows, for the first time, the contribution of inflammatory effects resulting exclusively from canonical and noncanonical NLRP3 inflammasome activation in colitis. Taken together, our results illustrate the efficacy of MCC950 in the treatment of murine ulcerative colitis and provides avenue for a potential novel therapeutic agent for human inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruchira Fernando
- Department of Pathology, Launceston General Hospital, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Tanvi Shinde
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Rohit Gundamaraju
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Benjamin Southam
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | | | - Avril A B Robertson
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Kate Schroder
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Dale Kunde
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Rajaraman Eri
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia.
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16
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Means AL, Freeman TJ, Zhu J, Woodbury LG, Marincola-Smith P, Wu C, Meyer AR, Weaver CJ, Padmanabhan C, An H, Zi J, Wessinger BC, Chaturvedi R, Brown TD, Deane NG, Coffey RJ, Wilson KT, Smith JJ, Sawyers CL, Goldenring JR, Novitskiy SV, Washington MK, Shi C, Beauchamp RD. Epithelial Smad4 Deletion Up-Regulates Inflammation and Promotes Inflammation-Associated Cancer. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 6:257-276. [PMID: 30109253 PMCID: PMC6083016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background & Aims Chronic inflammation is a predisposing condition for colorectal cancer. Many studies to date have focused on proinflammatory signaling pathways in the colon. Understanding the mechanisms that suppress inflammation, particularly in epithelial cells, is critical for developing therapeutic interventions. Here, we explored the roles of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) family signaling through SMAD4 in colonic epithelial cells. Methods The Smad4 gene was deleted specifically in adult murine intestinal epithelium. Colitis was induced by 3 rounds of dextran sodium sulfate in drinking water, after which mice were observed for up to 3 months. Nontransformed mouse colonocyte cell lines and colonoid cultures and human colorectal cancer cell lines were analyzed for responses to TGFβ1 and bone morphogenetic protein 2. Results Dextran sodium sulfate treatment was sufficient to drive carcinogenesis in mice lacking colonic Smad4 expression, with resulting tumors bearing striking resemblance to human colitis-associated carcinoma. Loss of SMAD4 protein was observed in 48% of human colitis-associated carcinoma samples as compared with 19% of sporadic colorectal carcinomas. Loss of Smad4 increased the expression of inflammatory mediators within nontransformed mouse colon epithelial cells in vivo. In vitro analysis of mouse and human colonic epithelial cell lines and organoids indicated that much of this regulation was cell autonomous. Furthermore, TGFβ signaling inhibited the epithelial inflammatory response to proinflammatory cytokines. Conclusions TGFβ suppresses the expression of proinflammatory genes in the colon epithelium, and loss of its downstream mediator, SMAD4, is sufficient to initiate inflammation-driven colon cancer. Transcript profiling: GSE100082.
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Key Words
- AOM, azoxymethane
- APC, adenomatous polyposis coli
- BMP, bone morphogenetic protein
- CAC, colitis-associated carcinoma
- CCL20, Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20
- CRC, colorectal cancer
- CRISPR/Cas9, Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9
- Colitis-Associated Carcinoma
- DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium
- DSS, dextran sodium sulfate
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- FDR, false discovery rate
- GFP, green fluorescent protein
- HBSS, Hank's balanced salt solution
- IBD, inflammatory bowel disease
- IL, interleukin
- IMCS4fl/fl, immortalized mouse colonoctye cell line with loxP-flanked Smad4 alleles
- IMCS4null, immortalized mouse colonocyte cell line with deletion of the Smad4 alleles
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PE, phycoerythrin
- R-SMAD, Receptor-SMAD
- SFG, retroviral vector
- STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
- TGFβ
- TGFβ, transforming growth factor β
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- Tumor Necrosis Factor
- UC, ulcerative colitis
- WNT, wingless-type mouse mammary tumor virus integration site
- YAMC, young adult mouse colon epithelial cells
- mRNA, messenger RNA
- sgRNA, single-guide RNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L. Means
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Tanner J. Freeman
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Luke G. Woodbury
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Chao Wu
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Anne R. Meyer
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Connie J. Weaver
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Hanbing An
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jinghuan Zi
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Bronson C. Wessinger
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Rupesh Chaturvedi
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Tasia D. Brown
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Natasha G. Deane
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Robert J. Coffey
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Keith T. Wilson
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - J. Joshua Smith
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Charles L. Sawyers
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - James R. Goldenring
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Sergey V. Novitskiy
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - M. Kay Washington
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Chanjuan Shi
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - R. Daniel Beauchamp
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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17
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Carvalho L, Gomes JRM, Tavares LC, Xavier AR, Klika KD, Holmdahl R, Carvalho RA, Souto-Carneiro MM. Reactive Oxygen Species Deficiency Due to Ncf1-Mutation Leads to Development of Adenocarcinoma and Metabolomic and Lipidomic Remodeling in a New Mouse Model of Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:701. [PMID: 29867918 PMCID: PMC5960697 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease is characterized by chronic relapsing idiopathic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract and persistent inflammation. Studies focusing on the immune-regulatory function of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are still largely missing. In this study, we analyzed an ROS-deficient mouse model leading to colon adenocarcinoma. Colitis was induced with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) supplied via the drinking water in wild-type (WT) and Ncf1-mutant (Ncf1) B10.Q mice using two different protocols, one mimicking recovery after acute colitis and another simulating chronic colitis. Disease progression was monitored by evaluation of clinical parameters, histopathological analysis, and the blood serum metabolome using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. At each experimental time point, colons and spleens from some mice were removed for histopathological analysis and internal clinical parameters. Clinical scores for weight variation, stool consistency, colorectal bleeding, colon length, and spleen weight were significantly worse for Ncf1 than for WT mice. Ncf1 mice with only a 7-day exposure to DSS followed by a 14-day resting period developed colonic distal high-grade dysplasia in contrast to the low-grade dysplasia found in the colon of WT mice. After a 21-day resting period, there was still β-catenin-rich inflammatory infiltration in the Ncf1 mice together with high-grade dysplasia and invasive well-differentiated adenocarcinoma, while in the WT mice, high-grade dysplasia was prominent without malignant invasion and only low inflammation. Although exposure to DSS generated less severe histopathological changes in the WT group, the blood serum metabolome revealed an increased fatty acid content with moderate-to-strong correlations to inflammation score, weight variation, colon length, and spleen weight. Ncf1 mice also displayed a similar pattern but with lower coefficients and showed consistently lower glucose and/or higher lactate levels which correlated with inflammation score, weight variation, and spleen weight. In our novel, DSS-induced colitis animal model, the lack of an oxidative burst ROS was sufficient to develop adenocarcinoma, and display altered blood plasma metabolic and lipid profiles. Thus, oxidative burst seems to be necessary to prevent evolution toward cancer and may confer a protective role in a ROS-mediated self-control mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Carvalho
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomic Pathology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana R M Gomes
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ludgero C Tavares
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana R Xavier
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Karel D Klika
- Molecular Structure Analysis Department, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rikard Holmdahl
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Instituite (KI), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rui A Carvalho
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Center for Functional Ecology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Rhematology, Medical Clinic 5, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Margarida Souto-Carneiro
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Rhematology, Medical Clinic 5, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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18
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Walter L, Pujada A, Bhatnagar N, Bialkowska AB, Yang VW, Laroui H, Garg P. Epithelial derived-matrix metalloproteinase (MMP9) exhibits a novel defensive role of tumor suppressor in colitis associated cancer by activating MMP9-Notch1-ARF-p53 axis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:364-378. [PMID: 27861153 PMCID: PMC5352126 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Colitis associated cancer (CAC) is chronic inflammation driven colon cancer, prevalent among individuals with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Matrix-metalloproteinase (MMP9) is one of the essential regulators of extra cellular matrix components. We have shown that MMP9 is protective in CAC contrary to its inflammatory role in acute-colitis. Aim of our study is to identify the mechanism of the protective role of epithelial derived-MMP9 in CAC. We used homozygous transgenic mice constitutively-expressing MMP9 in colonic-epithelium (TgM9) and wild-type (WT) littermates for in vivo experiments. Stably-transfected HCT116 with/without MMP9, and mouse embryonic-fibroblasts (WT and MMP9−/−, MEFs) were used for in vitro experiments. TgM9 mice exhibited less tumor burden, increased apoptosis, and increased expressions of active-Notch1, p53, p21WAF1/Cip1, caspase-3 and cyclin E in CAC compared to WTs. These results were supported by MEFs data. HCT116-cells overexpressing MMP9 indicated decreased cell proliferation, S-phase cell-cycle arrest and less DNA damage compared to vector. MMP9−/− mice showed attenuation of MMP9 was directly associated with p19ARF. Our study identifies the tumor suppressor role of epithelial derived-MMP9 in CAC via novel mechanistic pathway “MMP9-Notch1-ARF-p53 axis” regulating apoptosis, cell-cycle arrest and DNA damage implying, that MMP9 expression might be a natural/biological way to suppress colonic ulceration due to chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewins Walter
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Adani Pujada
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Noopur Bhatnagar
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Vincent W Yang
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Hamed Laroui
- Department of Chemistry/Biology, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Pallavi Garg
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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19
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Gao J, Xu K, Liu H, Liu G, Bai M, Peng C, Li T, Yin Y. Impact of the Gut Microbiota on Intestinal Immunity Mediated by Tryptophan Metabolism. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:13. [PMID: 29468141 PMCID: PMC5808205 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 676] [Impact Index Per Article: 112.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota influences the health of the host, especially with regard to gut immune homeostasis and the intestinal immune response. In addition to serving as a nutrient enhancer, L-tryptophan (Trp) plays crucial roles in the balance between intestinal immune tolerance and gut microbiota maintenance. Recent discoveries have underscored that changes in the microbiota modulate the host immune system by modulating Trp metabolism. Moreover, Trp, endogenous Trp metabolites (kynurenines, serotonin, and melatonin), and bacterial Trp metabolites (indole, indolic acid, skatole, and tryptamine) have profound effects on gut microbial composition, microbial metabolism, the host's immune system, the host-microbiome interface, and host immune system-intestinal microbiota interactions. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) mediates the regulation of intestinal immunity by Trp metabolites (as ligands of AhR), which is beneficial for immune homeostasis. Among Trp metabolites, AhR ligands consist of endogenous metabolites, including kynurenine, kynurenic acid, xanthurenic acid, and cinnabarinic acid, and bacterial metabolites, including indole, indole propionic acid, indole acetic acid, skatole, and tryptamine. Additional factors, such as aging, stress, probiotics, and diseases (spondyloarthritis, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer), which are associated with variability in Trp metabolism, can influence Trp-microbiome-immune system interactions in the gut and also play roles in regulating gut immunity. This review clarifies how the gut microbiota regulates Trp metabolism and identifies the underlying molecular mechanisms of these interactions. Increased mechanistic insight into how the microbiota modulates the intestinal immune system through Trp metabolism may allow for the identification of innovative microbiota-based diagnostics, as well as appropriate nutritional supplementation of Trp to prevent or alleviate intestinal inflammation. Moreover, this review provides new insight regarding the influence of the gut microbiota on Trp metabolism. Additional comprehensive analyses of targeted Trp metabolites (including endogenous and bacterial metabolites) are essential for experimental preciseness, as the influence of the gut microbiota cannot be neglected, and may explain contradictory results in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kang Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Hongnan Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Gang Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Miaomiao Bai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Can Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Tiejun Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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20
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Cui X, Kim E. Dual Effects of High Protein Diet on Mouse Skin and Colonic Inflammation. Clin Nutr Res 2018; 7:56-68. [PMID: 29423390 PMCID: PMC5796924 DOI: 10.7762/cnr.2018.7.1.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a major etiology of cancer. Accumulating epidemiological and experimental evidences suggest that intake of high protein diet (HPD) is associated with colitis-associated colon cancer, however, most of the studies were confined in colon. Systemic influence of HPD on inflammation indices in different tissues of an organism has never been studied. We therefore investigated the effect of HPD on mouse skin and colonic inflammation using the well characterized inflammation induction protocol in both tissues (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate [TPA] for skin and dextran sodium sulfate [DSS] for colon). ICR mice were grouped to normal diet (ND, 20% casein) or HPD (50% casein) groups. In each diet group, mice were treated with either vehicle (acetone or H2O), TPA, TPA and DSS, or DSS. Experimental diet was fed for total 4 weeks. After 1 week of diet feeding, 6.5 nmol of TPA was topically applied twice a week for 2 weeks on the shaved mouse dorsal skin. Drinking water containing 2% DSS was administered for 7 days at the final week of experiment. The results showed that TPA-induced skin hyperplasia, epidermal cell proliferation, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression were reduced in HPD group compared to ND group. In contrast, HPD increased DSS-induced colon mucosal hyperplasia, colonocyte proliferation, COX-2 expression, and plasma nitric oxide compared to ND group. This suggests that HPD exerts differential effect on different tissue inflammation which implies efficacy of protein intervention to human also should be monitored more thoroughly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelei Cui
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Korea
| | - Eunjung Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Korea
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21
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Bozec D, Iuga AC, Roda G, Dahan S, Yeretssian G. Critical function of the necroptosis adaptor RIPK3 in protecting from intestinal tumorigenesis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:46384-46400. [PMID: 27344176 PMCID: PMC5216805 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Necroptosis is a programmed form of non-apoptotic cell death that requires the kinase activity of the receptor interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3). Although in vitro data suggests that cancer cells lacking expression of RIPK3 are invasive, the physiological role of RIPK3 in a disease-relevant setting remains unknown. Here we provide evidence that RIPK3 has a critical role in suppressing colorectal cancer (CRC). RIPK3-deficient mice were highly susceptible to colitis-associated CRC and exhibited greater production of pro-inflammatory mediators and tumor promoting factors. Tumorigenesis in RIPK3-deficiency resulted from uncontrolled activation of NF-κB, STAT3, AKT and Wnt-β-catenin signaling pathways that enhanced the ability of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) to aberrantly proliferate in the face of the sustained inflammatory microenvironment and promote CRC. We found that RIPK3 expression is reduced in tumors from patients with inflammatory bowel diseases, and further confirmed that expression of RIPK3 is downregulated in human CRC and correlated with cancer progression. Thus, our results reveal that the necroptosis adaptor RIPK3 has key anti-inflammatory and anti-tumoral functions in the intestine, and define RIPK3 as a novel colon tumor suppressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Bozec
- Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Alina C Iuga
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Giulia Roda
- The Leona M. Harry B. Helmsley Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, The Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Gastroenterology Unit, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stephanie Dahan
- Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Sobi, Inc., Waltham, MA 02452, USA
| | - Garabet Yeretssian
- Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Small molecules related to adrenomedullin reduce tumor burden in a mouse model of colitis-associated colon cancer. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17488. [PMID: 29235493 PMCID: PMC5727507 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17573-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the contribution of adrenomedullin (AM) and its gene-related peptide, proadrenomedullin N-terminal 20 peptide (PAMP), to the progression and potential treatment of colon cancer we studied the effects of four small molecules (SM) related to AM and PAMP on a mouse model of colon cancer. For each SM, four experimental groups of male mice were used: (i) Control group; (ii) SM group; (iii) DSS group (injected with azoxymethane [AOM] and drank dextran sulfate sodium [DSS]); and (iv) DSS + SM group (treated with AOM, DSS, and the SM). None of the mice in groups i and ii developed tumors, whereas all mice in groups iii and iv developed colon neoplasias. No significant differences were found among mice treated with PAMP modulators (87877 and 106221). Mice that received the AM negative modulator, 16311, had worse colitis symptoms than their control counterparts, whereas mice injected with the AM positive modulator, 145425, had a lower number of tumors than their controls. SM 145425 regulated the expression of proliferation marker Lgr5 and had an impact on microbiota, preventing the DSS-elicited increase of the Bacteroides/Prevotella ratio. These results suggest that treatment with AM or with positive modulator SMs may represent a novel strategy for colon cancer.
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23
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5-Fluorouracil targets thymidylate synthase in the selective suppression of TH17 cell differentiation. Oncotarget 2017; 7:19312-26. [PMID: 27027355 PMCID: PMC4991385 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
While it is well established that treatment of cancer patients with 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) can result in immune suppression, the exact function of 5-FU in the modulation of immune cells has not been fully established. We found that low dose 5-FU selectively suppresses TH17 and TH1 cell differentiation without apparent effect on Treg, TH2, and significantly suppresses thymidylate synthase (TS) expression in TH17 and TH1 cells but has a lesser effect in tumor cells and macrophages. Interestingly, the basal expression of TS varies significantly between T helper phenotypes and knockdown of TS significantly impairs TH17 and TH1 cell differentiation without affecting the differentiation of either Treg or TH2 cells. Finally, low dose 5-FU is effective in ameliorating colitis development by suppressing TH17 and TH1 cell development in a T cell transfer colitis model. Taken together, the results highlight the importance of the anti-inflammatory functions of low dose 5-FU by selectively suppressing TH17 and TH1 immune responses.
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24
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Kraiphet S, Butryee C, Rungsipipat A, Budda S, Rattanapinyopitak K, Tuntipopipat S. Apoptosis induced by Moringa oleifera Lam. pod in mouse colon carcinoma model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-017-2546-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Optimizing the management of colorectal cancer (CRC) risk in IBD requires a fundamental understanding of the evolutionary process underpinning tumorigenesis. In IBD, clonal evolution begins long before the development of overt neoplasia, and is probably accelerated by the repeated cycles of epithelial wounding and repair that are characteristic of the condition. Here, we review the biological drivers of mutant clone selection in IBD with particular reference to the unique histological architecture of the intestinal epithelium coupled with the inflammatory microenvironment in IBD, and the unique mutation patterns seen in IBD-driven neoplasia when compared with sporadic adenomas and CRC. How these data can be leveraged as evolutionary-based biomarkers to predict cancer risk is discussed, as well as how the efficacy of CRC surveillance programmes and the management of dysplasia can be improved. From a research perspective, the longitudinal surveillance of patients with IBD provides an under-exploited opportunity to investigate the biology of the human gastrointestinal tract over space and time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Ho R Choi
- Evolution and Cancer Laboratory, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, Level 4 St Mark's Hospital, Watford Road, London HA1 3UJ, UK
| | - Ibrahim Al Bakir
- Evolution and Cancer Laboratory, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, Level 4 St Mark's Hospital, Watford Road, London HA1 3UJ, UK
| | - Ailsa L Hart
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, Level 4 St Mark's Hospital, Watford Road, London HA1 3UJ, UK
| | - Trevor A Graham
- Evolution and Cancer Laboratory, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
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26
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Chang WCL, Masih S, Thadi A, Patwa V, Joshi A, Cooper HS, Palejwala VA, Clapper ML, Shailubhai K. Plecanatide-mediated activation of guanylate cyclase-C suppresses inflammation-induced colorectal carcinogenesis in Apc +/Min-FCCC mice. World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther 2017; 8:47-59. [PMID: 28217374 PMCID: PMC5292606 DOI: 10.4292/wjgpt.v8.i1.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effect of orally administered plecanatide on colorectal dysplasia in Apc+/Min-FCCC mice with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced inflammation.
METHODS Inflammation driven colorectal carcinogenesis was induced in Apc+/Min-FCCC mice by administering DSS in their drinking water. Mice were fed a diet supplemented with plecanatide (0-20 ppm) and its effect on the multiplicity of histopathologically confirmed polypoid, flat and indeterminate dysplasia was evaluated. Plecanatide-mediated activation of guanylate cyclase-C (GC-C) signaling was assessed in colon tissues by measuring cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) by ELISA, protein kinase G-II and vasodilator stimulated phosphoprotein by immunoblotting. Ki-67, c-myc and cyclin D1 were used as markers of proliferation. Cellular levels and localization of β-catenin in colon tissues were assessed by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Uroguanylin (UG) and GC-C transcript levels were measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). A mouse cytokine array panel was used to detect cytokines in the supernatant of colon explant cultures.
RESULTS Oral treatment of Apc+/MinFCCC mice with plecanatide produced a statistically significant reduction in the formation of inflammation-driven polypoid, flat and indeterminate dysplasias. This anti-carcinogenic activity of plecanatide was accompanied by activation of cGMP/GC-C signaling mediated inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and reduced proliferation. Plecanatide also decreased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL1 TNF), chemokines (MIP-1, IP-10) and growth factors (GCSF and GMCSF) from colon explants derived from mice with acute DSS-induced inflammation. The effect of plecanatide-mediated inhibition of inflammation/dysplasia on endogenous expression of UG and GC-C transcripts was measured in intestinal tissues. Although GC-C expression was not altered appreciably, a statistically significant increase in the level of UG transcripts was detected in the proximal small intestine and colon, potentially due to a reduction in intestinal inflammation and/or neoplasia. Taken together, these results suggest that reductions in endogenous UG, accompanied by dysregulation in GC-C signaling, may be an early event in inflammation-promoted colorectal neoplasia; an event that can potentially be ameliorated by prophylactic intervention with plecanatide.
CONCLUSION This study provides the first evidence that orally administered plecanatide reduces the multiplicity of inflammation-driven colonic dysplasia in mice, demonstrating the utility for developing GC-C agonists as chemopreventive agents.
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27
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Pan Q, Lou X, Zhang J, Zhu Y, Li F, Shan Q, Chen X, Xie Y, Su S, Wei H, Lin L, Wu L, Liu S. Genomic variants in mouse model induced by azoxymethane and dextran sodium sulfate improperly mimic human colorectal cancer. Sci Rep 2017; 7:25. [PMID: 28154415 PMCID: PMC5453956 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00057-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mouse model induced by azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) is generally accepted as an ideal object to study on the carcinogenesis mechanisms of human colorectal cancer (CRC). The genomic responses to the AOM/DSS treatment in mouse that possibly lead to elucidation of CRC pathological mechanism are still poorly understood. For the first time, we investigated the cancer genome landscape of AOM/DSS mouse model by exome sequencing, to testify its molecular faithfulness to human CRC. Of 14 neoplastic samples, 7575 somatic variants were identified, which resulted in 2507 mutant genes and exhibited a large diversity in both colorectal aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and tumors even those tissues that were gained from the similar morphology or same treatment period. Cross-species comparison of the somatic variants demonstrated the totally different patterns of variable sites, mutant genes and perturbed pathways between mouse and human CRC. We therefore come to a conclusion that the tumorigenesis at genomic level in AOM/DSS model may not be properly comparable with that in human CRC, and the molecular mechanism elicited from this animal model should be carefully evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfei Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, China Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomin Lou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, China Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ju Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, China Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yinghui Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, China Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Qiang Shan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, China Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xianwei Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, China Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, China Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Siyuan Su
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, China Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hanfu Wei
- Beijing Protein Innovation, Beijing, China
| | | | - Lin Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, China Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Siqi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, China Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
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28
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Kim SL, Kim SH, Park YR, Liu YC, Kim EM, Jeong HJ, Kim YN, Seo SY, Kim IH, Lee SO, Lee ST, Kim SW. Combined Parthenolide and Balsalazide Have Enhanced Antitumor Efficacy Through Blockade of NF-κB Activation. Mol Cancer Res 2016; 15:141-151. [PMID: 28108625 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-16-0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Balsalazide is a colon-specific prodrug of 5-aminosalicylate that is associated with a reduced risk of colon cancer in patients with ulcerative colitis. Parthenolide, a strong NF-κB inhibitor, has recently been demonstrated to be a promising therapeutic agent, promoting apoptosis of cancer cells. In the current study, the antitumor effect of balsalazide combined with parthenolide in human colorectal cancer cells and colitis-associated colon cancers (CAC) was investigated. The results demonstrate that the combination of balsalazide and parthenolide markedly suppress proliferation, nuclear translocation of NF-κB, IκB-α phosphorylation, NF-κB DNA binding, and expression of NF-κB targets. Apoptosis via NF-κB signaling was confirmed by detecting expression of caspases, p53 and PARP. Moreover, treatment of a CAC murine model with parthenolide and balsalazide together resulted in significant recovery of body weight and improvement in histologic severity. Administration of parthenolide and balsalazide to CAC mice also suppressed carcinogenesis as demonstrated by uptake of 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) using micro-PET/CT scans. These results demonstrate that parthenolide potentiates the efficacy of balsalazide through synergistic inhibition of NF-κB activation and the combination of dual agents prevents colon carcinogenesis from chronic inflammation. IMPLICATIONS This study represents the first evidence that combination therapy with balsalazide and parthenolide could be a new regimen for colorectal cancer treatment. Mol Cancer Res; 15(2); 141-51. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Lim Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Seong Hun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Young Ran Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Yu-Chuan Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Hwan-Jeong Jeong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Yo Na Kim
- Department of Pathology, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Seung Young Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - In Hee Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Seung Ok Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Soo Teik Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Sang-Wook Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea.
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29
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Pérez-García A, Pérez-Durán P, Wossning T, Sernandez IV, Mur SM, Cañamero M, Real FX, Ramiro AR. AID-expressing epithelium is protected from oncogenic transformation by an NKG2D surveillance pathway. EMBO Mol Med 2016; 7:1327-36. [PMID: 26282919 PMCID: PMC4604686 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201505348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation-induced deaminase (AID) initiates secondary antibody diversification in germinal center B cells, giving rise to higher affinity antibodies through somatic hypermutation (SHM) or to isotype-switched antibodies through class switch recombination (CSR). SHM and CSR are triggered by AID-mediated deamination of cytosines in immunoglobulin genes. Importantly, AID activity in B cells is not restricted to Ig loci and can promote mutations and pro-lymphomagenic translocations, establishing a direct oncogenic mechanism for germinal center-derived neoplasias. AID is also expressed in response to inflammatory cues in epithelial cells, raising the possibility that AID mutagenic activity might drive carcinoma development. We directly tested this hypothesis by generating conditional knock-in mouse models for AID overexpression in colon and pancreas epithelium. AID overexpression alone was not sufficient to promote epithelial cell neoplasia in these tissues, in spite of displaying mutagenic and genotoxic activity. Instead, we found that heterologous AID expression in pancreas promotes the expression of NKG2D ligands, the recruitment of CD8+ T cells, and the induction of epithelial cell death. Our results indicate that AID oncogenic potential in epithelial cells can be neutralized by immunosurveillance protective mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arantxa Pérez-García
- B Cell Biology Lab, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Pérez-Durán
- B Cell Biology Lab, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Thomas Wossning
- B Cell Biology Lab, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Isora V Sernandez
- B Cell Biology Lab, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia M Mur
- B Cell Biology Lab, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Francisco X Real
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena R Ramiro
- B Cell Biology Lab, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
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30
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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Mouse models of intestinal inflammation and cancer. Arch Toxicol 2016; 90:2109-2130. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1747-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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31
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Urrutia-Ortega IM, Garduño-Balderas LG, Delgado-Buenrostro NL, Freyre-Fonseca V, Flores-Flores JO, González-Robles A, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Hernández-Pando R, Rodríguez-Sosa M, León-Cabrera S, Terrazas LI, van Loveren H, Chirino YI. Food-grade titanium dioxide exposure exacerbates tumor formation in colitis associated cancer model. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 93:20-31. [PMID: 27117919 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the fourth worldwide cause of death and even if some dietary habits are consider risk factors, the contribution of food additives including foodgrade titanium dioxide (TiO2), designated as E171, has been poorly investigated. We hypothesized that oral E171 intake could have impact on the enhancement of colorectal tumor formation and we aimed to investigate if E171 administration could enhance tumor formation in a colitis associated cancer (CAC) model. BALB/c male mice were grouped as follows: a) control, b) E171, c) CAC and d) CAC + E171 group (n = 6). E171 used in this study formed agglomerates of 300 nm in water. E171 intragastric administration (5 mg/kg body weight/5 days/10 weeks) was unable to induce tumor formation but dysplastic alterations were observed in the distal colon but enhanced the tumor formation in distal colon (CAC + E171 group) measured by tumor progression markers. Some E171 particles were internalized in colonic cells of the E171 and CAC + E171 groups and both groups showed a decrease in goblet cells in the distal colon. However the CAC + E171 group showed a higher decrease of these cells that act as protection barrier in colon. These results suggest that E171 could worsen pre-existent intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael M Urrutia-Ortega
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CP 54059, Estado de México, Mexico; Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Luis G Garduño-Balderas
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CP 54059, Estado de México, Mexico; Programa de Maestría en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Norma L Delgado-Buenrostro
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CP 54059, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Verónica Freyre-Fonseca
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CP 54059, Estado de México, Mexico; Doctorado en Ciencias en Alimentos, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CP 11340, México DF, Mexico
| | - José O Flores-Flores
- Centro de Ciencias Aplicadas y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior S/N, Ciudad Universitaria AP 70-186, CP 04510, México DF, Mexico
| | - Arturo González-Robles
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, CINVESTAV-IPN, Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360, Mexico, DF, Mexico
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Laboratorio 209, Edificio F, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CP 04510, México DF, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- Experimental Pathology Section, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubiran, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Colonia Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México DF, 14000, Mexico
| | - Miriam Rodríguez-Sosa
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CP 54059, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Sonia León-Cabrera
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CP 54059, Estado de México, Mexico; Carrera De Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CP 54059, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Luis I Terrazas
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CP 54059, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Henk van Loveren
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Yolanda I Chirino
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CP 54059, Estado de México, Mexico.
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Talero E, García-Mauriño S, Ávila-Román J, Rodríguez-Luna A, Alcaide A, Motilva V. Bioactive Compounds Isolated from Microalgae in Chronic Inflammation and Cancer. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:6152-209. [PMID: 26437418 PMCID: PMC4626684 DOI: 10.3390/md13106152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk of onset of cancer is influenced by poorly controlled chronic inflammatory processes. Inflammatory diseases related to cancer development include inflammatory bowel disease, which can lead to colon cancer, or actinic keratosis, associated with chronic exposure to ultraviolet light, which can progress to squamous cell carcinoma. Chronic inflammatory states expose these patients to a number of signals with tumorigenic effects, including nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) activation, pro-inflammatory cytokines and prostaglandins release and ROS production. In addition, the participation of inflammasomes, autophagy and sirtuins has been demonstrated in pathological processes such as inflammation and cancer. Chemoprevention consists in the use of drugs, vitamins, or nutritional supplements to reduce the risk of developing or having a recurrence of cancer. Numerous in vitro and animal studies have established the potential colon and skin cancer chemopreventive properties of substances from marine environment, including microalgae species and their products (carotenoids, fatty acids, glycolipids, polysaccharides and proteins). This review summarizes the main mechanisms of actions of these compounds in the chemoprevention of these cancers. These actions include suppression of cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis, stimulation of antimetastatic and antiangiogenic responses and increased antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Talero
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville 41012, Spain.
| | - Sofía García-Mauriño
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, Seville 41012, Spain.
| | - Javier Ávila-Román
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville 41012, Spain.
| | - Azahara Rodríguez-Luna
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville 41012, Spain.
| | - Antonio Alcaide
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville 41012, Spain.
| | - Virginia Motilva
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville 41012, Spain.
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Apolipoprotein A-I inhibits experimental colitis and colitis-propelled carcinogenesis. Oncogene 2015; 35:2496-505. [PMID: 26279300 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In both humans with long-standing ulcerative colitis and mouse models of colitis-associated carcinogenesis (CAC), tumors develop predominantly in the distal part of the large intestine but the biological basis of this intriguing pathology remains unknown. Herein we report intrinsic differences in gene expression between proximal and distal colon in the mouse, which are augmented during dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)/azoxymethane (AOM)-induced CAC. Functional enrichment of differentially expressed genes identified discrete biological pathways operating in proximal vs distal intestine and revealed a cluster of genes involved in lipid metabolism to be associated with the disease-resistant proximal colon. Guided by this finding, we have further interrogated the expression and function of one of these genes, apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I), a major component of high-density lipoprotein. We show that ApoA-I is expressed at higher levels in the proximal compared with the distal part of the colon and its ablation in mice results in exaggerated DSS-induced colitis and disruption of epithelial architecture in larger areas of the large intestine. Conversely, treatment with an ApoA-I mimetic peptide ameliorated the phenotypic, histopathological and inflammatory manifestations of the disease. Genetic interference with ApoA-I levels in vivo impacted on the number, size and distribution of AOM/DSS-induced colon tumors. Mechanistically, ApoA-I was found to modulate signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and nuclear factor-κB activation in response to the bacterial product lipopolysaccharide with concomitant impairment in the production of the pathogenic cytokine interleukin-6. Collectively, these data demonstrate a novel protective role for ApoA-I in colitis and CAC and unravel an unprecedented link between lipid metabolic processes and intestinal pathologies.
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McIntyre RE, Buczacki SJ, Arends MJ, Adams DJ. Mouse models of colorectal cancer as preclinical models. Bioessays 2015; 37:909-20. [PMID: 26115037 PMCID: PMC4755199 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201500032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we discuss the application of mouse models to the identification and pre-clinical validation of novel therapeutic targets in colorectal cancer, and to the search for early disease biomarkers. Large-scale genomic, transcriptomic and epigenomic profiling of colorectal carcinomas has led to the identification of many candidate genes whose direct contribution to tumourigenesis is yet to be defined; we discuss the utility of cross-species comparative 'omics-based approaches to this problem. We highlight recent progress in modelling late-stage disease using mice, and discuss ways in which mouse models could better recapitulate the complexity of human cancers to tackle the problem of therapeutic resistance and recurrence after surgical resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E. McIntyre
- Experimental Cancer GeneticsWellcome Trust Sanger InstituteHinxtonCambridgeUK
| | | | - Mark J. Arends
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK CentreUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - David J. Adams
- Experimental Cancer GeneticsWellcome Trust Sanger InstituteHinxtonCambridgeUK
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Suzuki R, Fukui T, Kishimoto M, Miyamoto S, Takahashi Y, Takeo M, Mitsuyama T, Sakaguchi Y, Uchida K, Nishio A, Okazaki K. Smad2/3 linker phosphorylation is a possible marker of cancer stem cells and correlates with carcinogenesis in a mouse model of colitis-associated colorectal cancer. J Crohns Colitis 2015; 9:565-74. [PMID: 25908723 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjv073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial cells affected by somatic mutations undergo transition from a tumour-suppressive to a carcinogenic Smad pathway during sporadic colorectal carcinogenesis, and the specific linker threonine phosphorylation of Smad2/3 in colon epithelial cells indicates stem-like cells. This study extends previous observations to a model of colitis-associated colorectal cancer. METHODS After Crl:CD-1 mice received an administration of azoxymethane [AOM], the mice were given dextran sodium sulfate [DSS] for 7 days. AOM/DSS-treated mice [AOM/DSS mice] were killed at 10 or 20 weeks. After macroscopic observations, a histopathological analysis was conducted. Immunohistochemical staining was performed using the avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase method [pSmad3C-Ser, pSmad3L-Ser, c-Myc] and immunofluorescent methods [Ki67, β-catenin, CDK4, cyclin D1, Sox9, pSmad2/3L-Thr]. RESULTS The colons from AOM/DSS mice were shorter than those from control mice. The number of colon tumours at Week 20 was higher than at Week 10. The inflammation scores for AOM/DSS mice were greater than those for control mice. Immunostaining-positive cells (staining by Ki67, β-catenin [nuclear and cytoplasmic], cyclin D1, and Sox9) were diffusely distributed in colon tumours. The percentage of pSmad3L-Ser-positive cells in colon tumours was higher than in sites of pre-neoplastic colitis, and that in sites of pre-neoplastic colitis was higher than in control mice. pSmad2/3L-Thr-positive cells were sparsely detected around crypt bases in non-neoplastic colon epithelia and at the tops of tumours, and immunohistochemical co-localisation of pSmad2/3L-Thr with Ki67 was not observed. Immunohistochemical co-localisation of pSmad2/3L-Thr with β-catenin and CDK4 was observed. CONCLUSIONS pSmad3L-Ser signalling is an early event in colitis-associated colorectal cancer, and pSmad2/3L-Thr immunostaining-positive cells might be cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Suzuki
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Toshiro Fukui
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Masanobu Kishimoto
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Sachi Miyamoto
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Yu Takahashi
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takeo
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Mitsuyama
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Yutaku Sakaguchi
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Kazushige Uchida
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Nishio
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Kazuichi Okazaki
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
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Carvacrol exhibits anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects against 1, 2-dimethyl hydrazine plus dextran sodium sulfate induced inflammation associated carcinogenicity in the colon of Fischer 344 rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 461:314-20. [PMID: 25881504 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is one of the remarkable etiologic factors for various human ailments including cancer. The well known hypothesis is that persistent inflammation in colon can increase the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, a pharmacological evaluation of carvacrol, a phenolic monoterpene constituent of essential oils produced from aromatic plant Oreganum vulgarea sp. on colitis associated colon cancer (CACC) induced by 1,2 Dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in male Fischer 344 rat model was studied. F344 rats were given three subcutaneous injections of DMH (40 mg/kg body wt) in the first week and were given free access to drinking water containing 1% DSS for the next one week followed by 7-14 days of water as three cycles. Carvacrol was administrated before and after tumor induction at a concentration of 50 mg/kg body weight (o.p). Carvacrol treated groups promotes the endogenous antioxidant system and suppress the inflammation in DMH/DSS induced animals. An increased antioxidant status and restoration of histological lesions in the inflamed colonic mucosa was observed in carvacrol treated rats. This effect was confirmed biochemically by reducing free-radical accumulation and suppressing expression of pro-inflammatory mediators. In this study, Carvacrol significantly increased the anti-oxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) glutathione (GSH) levels and reduced lipid peroxides (LPO), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and nitric oxide (NO) as compared to DMH/DSS induced rats. These dramatic changes facilitate the suppression of pro-inflammatory mediators such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) in CACC induced rats. Taken together, these findings suggest that Carvacrol may play a beneficial role in DMH/DSS induced experimental rat model and serve as an excellent dietary antioxidant as well as anti-inflammatory agent. It may represent novel therapeutic interventions against colon cancer triggered by chronic inflammation.
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Corfe BM, Majumdar D, Assadsangabi A, Marsh AMR, Cross SS, Connolly JB, Evans CA, Lobo AJ. Inflammation decreases keratin level in ulcerative colitis; inadequate restoration associates with increased risk of colitis-associated cancer. BMJ Open Gastroenterol 2015; 2:e000024. [PMID: 26462276 PMCID: PMC4599170 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgast-2014-000024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Keratins are intermediate filament (IF) proteins, which form part of the epithelial cytoskeleton and which have been implicated pathology of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Methods In this study biopsies were obtained from IBD patients grouped by disease duration and subtype into eight categories based on cancer risk and inflammatory status: quiescent recent onset (<5 years) UC (ROUC); UC with primary sclerosing cholangitis; quiescent long-standing pancolitis (20–40 years) (LSPC); active colitis and non-inflamed proximal colonic mucosa; pancolitis with dysplasia-both dysplastic lesions (DT) and distal rectal mucosa (DR); control group without pathology. Alterations in IF protein composition across the groups were determined by quantitative proteomics. Key protein changes were validated by western immunoblotting and immunohistochemical analysis. Result Acute inflammation resulted in reduced K8, K18, K19 and VIM (all p<0.05) compared to controls and non inflamed mucosa; reduced levels of if– associated proteins were also seen in DT and DR. Increased levels of keratins in LSPC was noted relative to controls or ROUC (K8, K18, K19 and VIM, p<0.05). Multiple K8 forms were noted on immunoblotting, with K8 phosphorylation reduced in progressive disease along with an increase in VIM:K8 ratio. K8 levels and phosphorylation are reduced in acute inflammation but appear restored or elevated in subjects with clinical and endoscopic remission (LSPC) but not apparent in subjects with elevated risk of cancer. Conclusions These data suggest that keratin regulation in remission may influence subsequent cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard M Corfe
- Molecular Gastroenterology Research Group, Academic Unit of Surgical Oncology, Department of Oncology , University of Sheffield, The Medical School , Sheffield , UK ; Insigneo Institute for in silico Medicine, University of Sheffield , Sheffield , UK
| | - Debabrata Majumdar
- Molecular Gastroenterology Research Group, Academic Unit of Surgical Oncology, Department of Oncology , University of Sheffield, The Medical School , Sheffield , UK ; Gastroenterology Unit , Royal Hallamshire Hospital , Sheffield , UK
| | - Arash Assadsangabi
- Molecular Gastroenterology Research Group, Academic Unit of Surgical Oncology, Department of Oncology , University of Sheffield, The Medical School , Sheffield , UK ; Gastroenterology Unit , Royal Hallamshire Hospital , Sheffield , UK
| | - Alexandra M R Marsh
- Molecular Gastroenterology Research Group, Academic Unit of Surgical Oncology, Department of Oncology , University of Sheffield, The Medical School , Sheffield , UK ; Gastroenterology Unit , Royal Hallamshire Hospital , Sheffield , UK
| | - Simon S Cross
- Academic Unit of Pathology, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health , University of Sheffield , Sheffield , UK
| | | | - Caroline A Evans
- Biological and Systems Engineering Group, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , ChELSI Institute, University of Sheffield , Sheffield , UK
| | - Alan J Lobo
- Molecular Gastroenterology Research Group, Academic Unit of Surgical Oncology, Department of Oncology , University of Sheffield, The Medical School , Sheffield , UK ; Gastroenterology Unit , Royal Hallamshire Hospital , Sheffield , UK
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Sonoda J, Seki Y, Hakura A, Hosokawa S. Time course of the incidence/multiplicity and histopathological features of murine colonic dysplasia, adenoma and adenocarcinoma induced by benzo[a]pyrene and dextran sulfate sodium. J Toxicol Pathol 2015; 28:109-20. [PMID: 26028820 PMCID: PMC4444509 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2014-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (BP) is mutagenic but noncarcinogenic in the murine colon. Recently, we reported rapid induction of colonic tumors by treatment of CD2F1 mice with BP (125 mg/kg for 5 days) followed by a colitis inducer, dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) (4% in drinking water for 1 or 2 weeks). However, there are no reports on detailed time course and histopathological features of colonic proliferative lesions in this model. Here, we show the detailed time course of colonic dysplasia, adenoma and adenocarcinoma induced by treatment with BP, DSS, and a combination of the two (BP/DSS). In the colon of mice exposed to BP/DSS, 14.6 dysplastic foci per mouse were present one week after DSS treatment (week 4). The number of dysplastic foci decreased with time to 3.1 at week 9 and thereafter remained almost constant. At week 4, 1.5 adenocarcinomas were also observed, with a marked increase in numbers with time, reaching 29.3 at week 14. In contrast, the number of dysplastic foci induced by DSS alone showed a time course similar to that following BP/DSS treatment; however, only a few tumors appeared. Neither dysplastic foci nor neoplastic lesions were induced by BP only. In mice exposed to BP/DSS, β-catenin was demonstrated immunohistochemically in the nucleus and/or cytoplasm of the tumor cells, and this translocation from the cell membrane was evident in subsets of dysplastic foci. In dysplastic foci induced by DSS alone, β-catenin was absent in the nucleus/cytoplasm. These finding suggest that aberrant β-catenin accumulation in dysplastic foci is associated with tumor progression in this BP/DSS model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiro Sonoda
- Tsukuba Drug Safety, Global Drug Safety, Biopharmaceutical Assessments Core Function Unit, Eisai Co., Ltd., 5-1-3 Tokodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan
| | - Yuki Seki
- Tsukuba Drug Safety, Global Drug Safety, Biopharmaceutical Assessments Core Function Unit, Eisai Co., Ltd., 5-1-3 Tokodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hakura
- Tsukuba Drug Safety, Global Drug Safety, Biopharmaceutical Assessments Core Function Unit, Eisai Co., Ltd., 5-1-3 Tokodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan
| | - Satoru Hosokawa
- Tsukuba Drug Safety, Global Drug Safety, Biopharmaceutical Assessments Core Function Unit, Eisai Co., Ltd., 5-1-3 Tokodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan
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Morioka T, Miyoshi-Imamura T, Blyth BJ, Kaminishi M, Kokubo T, Nishimura M, Kito S, Tokairin Y, Tani S, Murakami-Murofushi K, Yoshimi N, Shimada Y, Kakinuma S. Ionizing radiation, inflammation, and their interactions in colon carcinogenesis in Mlh1-deficient mice. Cancer Sci 2015; 106:217-26. [PMID: 25529563 PMCID: PMC4376429 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic, physiological and environmental factors are implicated in colorectal carcinogenesis. Mutations in the mutL homolog 1 (MLH1) gene, one of the DNA mismatch repair genes, are a main cause of hereditary colon cancer syndromes such as Lynch syndrome. Long-term chronic inflammation is also a key risk factor, responsible for colitis-associated colorectal cancer; radiation exposure is also known to increase colorectal cancer risk. Here, we studied the effects of radiation exposure on inflammation-induced colon carcinogenesis in DNA mismatch repair-proficient and repair-deficient mice. Male and female Mlh1−/− and Mlh1+/+ mice were irradiated with 2 Gy X-rays when aged 2 weeks or 7 weeks and/or were treated with 1% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in drinking water for 7 days at 10 weeks old to induce mild inflammatory colitis. No colon tumors developed after X-rays and/or DSS treatment in Mlh1+/+ mice. Colon tumors developed after DSS treatment alone in Mlh1−/− mice, and exposure to radiation prior to DSS treatment increased the number of tumors. Histologically, colon tumors in the mice resembled the subtype of well-to-moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes of human Lynch syndrome. Immunohistochemistry revealed that expression of both p53 and β-catenin and loss of p21 and adenomatosis polyposis coli proteins were observed at the later stages of carcinogenesis, suggesting a course of molecular pathogenesis distinct from typical sporadic or colitis-associated colon cancer in humans. In conclusion, radiation exposure could further increase the risk of colorectal carcinogenesis induced by inflammation under the conditions of Mlh1 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamitsu Morioka
- Radiation Effect Accumulation and Prevention Project, Fukushima Project Headquarters, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan; Radiobiology for Children's Health Program, Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
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Shen Y, Ma J, Yan R, Ling H, Li X, Yang W, Gao J, Huang C, Bu Y, Cao Y, He Y, Wan L, Zu X, Liu J, Huang MC, Stenson WF, Liao DF, Cao D. Impaired self-renewal and increased colitis and dysplastic lesions in colonic mucosa of AKR1B8-deficient mice. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 21:1466-76. [PMID: 25538260 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-2072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ulcerative colitis and colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) is a serious health issue, but etiopathological factors remain unclear. Aldo-keto reductase 1B10 (AKR1B10) is specifically expressed in the colonic epithelium, but downregulated in colorectal cancer. This study was aimed to investigate the etiopathogenic role of AKR1B10 in ulcerative colitis and CAC. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Ulcerative colitis and CAC biopsies (paraffin-embedded sections) and frozen tissues were collected to examine AKR1B10 expression. Aldo-keto reductase 1B8 (the ortholog of human AKR1B10) knockout (AKR1B8(-/-)) mice were produced to estimate its role in the susceptibility and severity of chronic colitis and associated dysplastic lesions, induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) at a low dose (2%). Genome-wide exome sequencing was used to profile DNA damage in DSS-induced colitis and tumors. RESULTS AKR1B10 expression was markedly diminished in over 90% of ulcerative colitis and CAC tissues. AKR1B8 deficiency led to reduced lipid synthesis from butyrate and diminished proliferation of colonic epithelial cells. The DSS-treated AKR1B8(-/-) mice demonstrated impaired injury repair of colonic epithelium and more severe bleeding, inflammation, and ulceration. These AKR1B8(-/-) mice had more severe oxidative stress and DNA damage, and dysplasias were more frequent and at a higher grade in the AKR1B8(-/-) mice than in wild-type mice. Palpable masses were seen in the AKR1B8(-/-) mice only, not in wild-type. CONCLUSIONS AKR1B8 is a critical protein in the proliferation and injury repair of the colonic epithelium and in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis and CAC, being a new etiopathogenic factor of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois
| | - Ruilan Yan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois
| | - Hongyan Ling
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois
| | - Xiaoning Li
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois
| | - Wancai Yang
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - John Gao
- Department of Pathology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois
| | - Chenfei Huang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois
| | - Yiwen Bu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois
| | - Yingchun He
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Powder and Medicine Innovation in Hunan (Incubation), Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Laxiang Wan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois
| | - Xuyu Zu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois
| | - Jianghua Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois
| | - Mei Chris Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology at Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois
| | - William F Stenson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Duan-Fang Liao
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Powder and Medicine Innovation in Hunan (Incubation), Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Deliang Cao
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois. Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Powder and Medicine Innovation in Hunan (Incubation), Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Abstract
Intestinal fibrosis is a common outcome in IBD leading to significant morbidity that, to date, has no effective medical treatment. Current knowledge regarding potential mechanism(s) of intestinal fibrogenesis and stricture formation is limited, due in large part to the lack of relevant animal models. Although conventional models possess aspects that are advantageous to study specific mechanisms involved in gut fibrosis, most lack the features of a spontaneously occurring process leading to the formation of intestinal fibrotic lesions following mucosal inflammatory events and the ability to investigate the natural course of disease over time. This review aims to discuss established and novel animal models of gut fibrosis, particularly focusing on the advantages and disadvantages of each model system and the insights they bring to our understanding of the mechanisms of fibrogenesis. In fact, recent enhancements to existing models and the expansion of novel animal models of gut fibrosis is opening up multiple avenues for investigation which should stimulate progress in our mechanistic understanding of intestinal fibrogenesis and facilitate the development of effective pharmacotherapy in an area of significant unmet need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo De Salvo
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Hayashi S, Hamada T, Zaidi SF, Oshiro M, Lee J, Yamamoto T, Ishii Y, Sasahara M, Kadowaki M. Nicotine suppresses acute colitis and colonic tumorigenesis associated with chronic colitis in mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2014; 307:G968-78. [PMID: 25258409 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00346.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that frequently progresses to colon cancer. The tumor-promoting effect of inflammation is now widely recognized and understood. Recent studies have revealed that treatment with nicotine ameliorates colitis in humans and experimental murine models, whereas the effect of nicotine on colitis-associated colonic tumorigenesis remains unclear. In the present study, we examined the effect of nicotine on the development of acute colitis and colitis-associated cancer (CAC). The acute colitis model was induced by treatment with 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for 7 days, whereas the CAC model was induced by a combination of azoxymethane and repeated DSS treatment. Nicotine and a selective agonist of the α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR) reduced the severity of DSS-induced acute colonic inflammation. In addition, the suppressive effect of nicotine on acute colitis was attenuated by an antagonist of α7-nAChR. Furthermore, nicotine inhibited the IL-6 production of CD4 T cells in the DSS-induced inflamed colonic mucosa. We found that nicotine significantly reduced the number and size of colonic tumors in mice with CAC. Nicotine markedly inhibited the elevation of TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA as well as phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat) 3 expression in the colons of the tumor model mice. These results demonstrate that nicotine suppresses acute colitis and colitis-associated tumorigenesis, and this effect may be associated with the activation of α7-nAChR. Furthermore, it is presumed that nicotine downregulates the expression of inflammatory mediators such as IL-6/Stat3 and TNF-α, thereby reducing the colonic tumorigenesis associated with chronic colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusaku Hayashi
- Division of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan; and
| | - Takayuki Hamada
- Division of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan; and
| | - Syed Faisal Zaidi
- Division of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan; and
| | - Momoe Oshiro
- Division of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan; and
| | - Jaemin Lee
- Division of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan; and
| | - Takeshi Yamamoto
- Division of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan; and
| | - Yoko Ishii
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Masakiyo Sasahara
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Makoto Kadowaki
- Division of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan; and
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Abstract
Chronic inflammation predisposes patients with inflammatory bowel disease to the risk of developing colitis-associated cancer (CAC). Growing evidence strongly suggests that CAC development is multifactorial and is attributed to concurrent, dynamic dysregulations in host immunity, enteric microbiota, and epithelial restitution during the course of chronic inflammation. This article discusses the recent advances in understanding the different forms of CAC that may develop in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and animal models, as well as molecular alterations and other processes that orchestrate the development of CAC.
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Kim YJ, Kim JS, Seo YR, Park JHY, Choi MS, Sung MK. Carnosic acid suppresses colon tumor formation in association with antiadipogenic activity. Mol Nutr Food Res 2014; 58:2274-85. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ji Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition; Sookmyung Women's University; Seoul Korea
| | - Jong-Sang Kim
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology; Kyungpook National University; Daegu Korea
| | - Young Rok Seo
- Department of Life Science; Institute of Environmental Medicine for Green Chemistry; Dongguk University; Seoul Korea
| | - Jung Han Yoon Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition; Hallym University; Chuncheon Korea
- Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research; Kyungpook National University; Daegu Korea
| | - Myung-Sook Choi
- Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research; Kyungpook National University; Daegu Korea
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition; Kyungpook National University; Daegu Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Sung
- Department of Food and Nutrition; Sookmyung Women's University; Seoul Korea
- Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research; Kyungpook National University; Daegu Korea
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45
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León-Cabrera S, Callejas BE, Ledesma-Soto Y, Coronel J, Pérez-Plasencia C, Gutiérrez-Cirlos EB, Ávila-Moreno F, Rodríguez-Sosa M, Hernández-Pando R, Marquina-Castillo B, Chirino YI, Terrazas LI. Extraintestinal helminth infection reduces the development of colitis-associated tumorigenesis. Int J Biol Sci 2014; 10:948-56. [PMID: 25210492 PMCID: PMC4159685 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.9033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) is one of the most common cancers and is closely related to chronic or deregulated inflammation. Helminthic infections can modulate inflammatory responses in some diseases, but their immunomodulatory role during cancer development remains completely unknown. We have analyzed the role of Taenia crassiceps-induced anti-inflammatory response in determining the outcome of CAC. We show that extraintestinal T. crassiceps infection in CAC mice inhibited colonic inflammatory responses and tumor formation and prevented goblet cell loss. There was also increased expression of IL-4 and alternatively activated macrophages markers in colonic tissue and negative immunomodulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. In addition, T. crassiceps infection prevented the upregulation of β-catenin and CXCR2 expression observed in the CAC mice, which are both markers associated with CAC-tumorigenesis, and reduced the numbers of circulating and colonic CD11b+Ly6ChiCCR2+ monocytes. Thus, immunomodulatory activities induced by helminth infections may have a role in the progression of CAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia León-Cabrera
- 1. Unidad de Biomedicina. Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Av. de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. de México. México 54090
| | - Blanca E Callejas
- 1. Unidad de Biomedicina. Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Av. de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. de México. México 54090
| | - Yadira Ledesma-Soto
- 1. Unidad de Biomedicina. Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Av. de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. de México. México 54090
| | - Jossimar Coronel
- 1. Unidad de Biomedicina. Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Av. de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. de México. México 54090
| | - Carlos Pérez-Plasencia
- 1. Unidad de Biomedicina. Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Av. de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. de México. México 54090
| | - Emma B Gutiérrez-Cirlos
- 1. Unidad de Biomedicina. Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Av. de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. de México. México 54090
| | - Federico Ávila-Moreno
- 1. Unidad de Biomedicina. Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Av. de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. de México. México 54090
| | - Miriam Rodríguez-Sosa
- 1. Unidad de Biomedicina. Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Av. de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. de México. México 54090
| | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- 2. Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubiran. Vasco de Quiroga 15, Colonia Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México D.F., México 14000
| | - Brenda Marquina-Castillo
- 2. Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubiran. Vasco de Quiroga 15, Colonia Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México D.F., México 14000
| | - Yolanda I Chirino
- 1. Unidad de Biomedicina. Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Av. de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. de México. México 54090
| | - Luis I Terrazas
- 1. Unidad de Biomedicina. Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Av. de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. de México. México 54090
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Zeineldin M, Miller MA, Sullivan R, Neufeld KL. Nuclear adenomatous polyposis coli suppresses colitis-associated tumorigenesis in mice. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:1881-90. [PMID: 24894865 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutation of tumor suppressor adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) initiates most colorectal cancers and chronic colitis increases risk. APC is a nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling protein, best known for antagonizing Wnt signaling by forming a cytoplasmic complex that marks β-catenin for degradation. Using our unique mouse model with compromised nuclear Apc import (Apc(mNLS)), we show that Apc(mNLS/mNLS) mice have increased susceptibility to tumorigenesis induced with azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). The AOM-DSS-induced colon adenoma histopathology, proliferation, apoptosis, stem cell number and β-catenin and Kras mutation spectra were similar in Apc(mNLS/mNLS) and Apc(+/+) mice. However, AOM-DSS-treated Apc(mNLS/mNLS) mice showed more weight loss, more lymphoid follicles and edema, and increased colon shortening than treated Apc(+/+) mice, indicating a colitis predisposition. To test this directly, we induced acute colitis with a 7 day DSS treatment followed by 5 days of recovery. Compared with Apc(+/+) mice, DSS-treated Apc(mNLS/mNLS) mice developed more severe colitis based on clinical grade and histopathology. Apc(mNLS/mNLS) mice also had higher lymphocytic infiltration and reduced expression of stem cell markers, suggesting an increased propensity for chronic inflammation. Moreover, colons from DSS-treated Apc(mNLS/mNLS) mice showed fewer goblet cells and reduced Muc2 expression. Even in untreated Apc(mNLS/mNLS) mice, there were significantly fewer goblet cells in jejuna, and a modest decrease in colonocyte Muc2 expression compared with Apc(+/+) mice. Colonocytes from untreated Apc(mNLS/mNLS) mice also showed increased expression of inflammatory mediators cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2). These findings reveal novel functions for nuclear Apc in goblet cell differentiation and protection against inflammation-induced colon tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maged Zeineldin
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA, Department of Human Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt and
| | - Matthew A Miller
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Ruth Sullivan
- Carbone Cancer Center and Research Animal Resources Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Kristi L Neufeld
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA,
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Landskron G, De la Fuente M, Thuwajit P, Thuwajit C, Hermoso MA. Chronic inflammation and cytokines in the tumor microenvironment. J Immunol Res 2014; 2014:149185. [PMID: 24901008 PMCID: PMC4036716 DOI: 10.1155/2014/149185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1005] [Impact Index Per Article: 100.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute inflammation is a response to an alteration induced by a pathogen or a physical or chemical insult, which functions to eliminate the source of the damage and restore homeostasis to the affected tissue. However, chronic inflammation triggers cellular events that can promote malignant transformation of cells and carcinogenesis. Several inflammatory mediators, such as TNF-α, IL-6, TGF-β, and IL-10, have been shown to participate in both the initiation and progression of cancer. In this review, we explore the role of these cytokines in important events of carcinogenesis, such as their capacity to generate reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, their potential mutagenic effect, and their involvement in mechanisms for epithelial mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Finally, we will provide an in-depth analysis of the participation of these cytokines in two types of cancer attributable to chronic inflammatory disease: colitis-associated colorectal cancer and cholangiocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glauben Landskron
- Disciplinary Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, 8380453 Santiago, Chile
| | - Marjorie De la Fuente
- Disciplinary Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, 8380453 Santiago, Chile
| | - Peti Thuwajit
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Prannok Road, Bangkok Noi, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Chanitra Thuwajit
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Prannok Road, Bangkok Noi, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Marcela A. Hermoso
- Disciplinary Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, 8380453 Santiago, Chile
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48
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Lu L, Chan RLY, Luo XM, Wu WKK, Shin VY, Cho CH. Animal models of gastrointestinal inflammation and cancer. Life Sci 2014; 108:1-6. [PMID: 24825611 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation and cancer are the two major disorders in the gastrointestinal tract. They are causally related in their pathogenesis. It is important to study animal models' causal relationship and, in particular, to discover new therapeutic agents for such diseases. There are several criteria for these models in order to make them useful in better understanding the etiology and treatment of the said diseases in humans. In this regard, animal models should be similar as possible to human diseases and also be easy to produce and reproducible and also economic to allow a continuous replication in different laboratories. In this review, we summarize the various animal models for inflammatory and cancerous disorders in the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract. Experimental approaches are as simple as by giving a single oral dose of alcohol or other noxious agents or by injections of multiple dosages of ulcer inducing agents or by parenteral administration or in drinking water of carcinogens or by modifying the genetic makeups of animals to produce relatively long-term pathological changes in particular organs. With these methods they could induce consistent inflammatory responses or tumorigenesis in the gastrointestinal mucosa. These animal models are widely used in laboratories in understanding the pathogenesis as well as the mechanisms of action for therapeutic agents in the treatment of gastrointestinal inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ruby L Y Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - X M Luo
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - William K K Wu
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Vivian Y Shin
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - C H Cho
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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49
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Kitahara S, Suzuki Y, Morishima M, Yoshii A, Kikuta S, Shimizu K, Morikawa S, Sato Y, Ezaki T. Vasohibin-2 modulates tumor onset in the gastrointestinal tract by normalizing tumor angiogenesis. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:99. [PMID: 24885408 PMCID: PMC4113181 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vasohibin-2 (VASH2) has been identified as an endogenous and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-independent angiogenic factor that is highly expressed in tumor cells. In the present study, we aimed to determine whether pre-existing vascular changes can be used to predict tumor transformation as benign or malignant. We sought to characterize microvascular changes and tumor development in the intestinal tract of ApcMin/+ mice and ApcMin/+/Vash2-/- mice. Methods ApcMin/+ mice provide a unique orthotopic model for the development of spontaneous adenomatous polyposis and subsequent carcinomas, a phenomenon termed the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. ApcMin/+ mice were mated with Vash2-/- mice with a mixed C57BL/6 background and the resulting pups were screened for the Min mutation and for the Vash2-/- gene by PCR. Intestinal tumors from ApcMin/+ mice and ApcMin/+/Vash2-/- mice were removed and either frozen or epon-embedded for subsequent analyses. For 3-dimensional imaging using confocal laser-scanning microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, cryosections were made, and immunofluorescent staining for various markers was performed. Results We found that structural abnormalities in tumor vessels from benign tumors resembled those in malignant tumors. In addition, a novel angiogenic factor, vasohibin-2 (VASH2) protein, was detected around tumor blood vessels in late-stage adenomas and adenocarcinomas, but was absent from early-stage adenomas in ApcMin/+ mice. Tumors used to examine endogenous VASH2 (derived from CMT93 colon carcinomas) were less vascularized in Vash2-/- mice and were more regular than those seen in wild-type (WT) mice. In addition, tumors in Vash2-/- mice were smaller than those in WT mice. Furthermore, cross-breeding of mice homozygous for a deletion of Vash2 with mice heterozygous for the APC mutation resulted in animals that showed a significant decrease in the number of polyps in the small intestine. Conclusion We propose that VASH2 may modulate the onset of tumors in the gastrointestinal tract by regulating tumor angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Taichi Ezaki
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.
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50
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Benamrouz S, Conseil V, Chabé M, Praet M, Audebert C, Blervaque R, Guyot K, Gazzola S, Mouray A, Chassat T, Delaire B, Goetinck N, Gantois N, Osman M, Slomianny C, Dehennaut V, Lefebvre T, Viscogliosi E, Cuvelier C, Dei-Cas E, Creusy C, Certad G. Cryptosporidium parvum-induced ileo-caecal adenocarcinoma and Wnt signaling in a mouse model. Dis Model Mech 2014; 7:693-700. [PMID: 24652769 PMCID: PMC4036476 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.013292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptosporidium species are apicomplexan protozoans that are found worldwide. These parasites constitute a large risk to human and animal health. They cause self-limited diarrhea in immunocompetent hosts and a life-threatening disease in immunocompromised hosts. Interestingly, Cryptosporidium parvum has been related to digestive carcinogenesis in humans. Consistent with a potential tumorigenic role of this parasite, in an original reproducible animal model of chronic cryptosporidiosis based on dexamethasone-treated or untreated adult SCID mice, we formerly reported that C. parvum (strains of animal and human origin) is able to induce digestive adenocarcinoma even in infections induced with very low inoculum. The aim of this study was to further characterize this animal model and to explore metabolic pathways potentially involved in the development of C. parvum-induced ileo-caecal oncogenesis. We searched for alterations in genes or proteins commonly involved in cell cycle, differentiation or cell migration, such as β-catenin, Apc, E-cadherin, Kras and p53. After infection of animals with C. parvum we demonstrated immunohistochemical abnormal localization of Wnt signaling pathway components and p53. Mutations in the selected loci of studied genes were not found after high-throughput sequencing. Furthermore, alterations in the ultrastructure of adherens junctions of the ileo-caecal neoplastic epithelia of C. parvum-infected mice were recorded using transmission electron microscopy. In conclusion, we found for the first time that the Wnt signaling pathway, and particularly the cytoskeleton network, seems to be pivotal for the development of the C. parvum-induced neoplastic process and cell migration of transformed cells. Furthermore, this model is a valuable tool in understanding the host-pathogen interactions associated with the intricate infection process of this parasite, which is able to modulate host cytoskeleton activities and several host-cell biological processes and remains a significant cause of infection worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Benamrouz
- Ecologie et biodiversité, Faculté Libre des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Université Catholique de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, 59020 Lille, France. Biologie et Diversité des Pathogènes Eucaryotes Emergents (BDEEP), Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille (CIIL), Institut Pasteur de Lille, INSERM U1019, CNRS UMR 8402, Université Lille Nord de France, 59021 Lille, France
| | - Valerie Conseil
- Ecologie et biodiversité, Faculté Libre des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Université Catholique de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, 59020 Lille, France. Biologie et Diversité des Pathogènes Eucaryotes Emergents (BDEEP), Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille (CIIL), Institut Pasteur de Lille, INSERM U1019, CNRS UMR 8402, Université Lille Nord de France, 59021 Lille, France
| | - Magali Chabé
- Biologie et Diversité des Pathogènes Eucaryotes Emergents (BDEEP), Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille (CIIL), Institut Pasteur de Lille, INSERM U1019, CNRS UMR 8402, Université Lille Nord de France, 59021 Lille, France. Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Lille Nord de France, 59021 Lille, France
| | - Marleen Praet
- Academic Department of Pathology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christophe Audebert
- PEGASE-Biosciences, Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59021 Lille, France. Gene Diffusion, 59501 Douai, France
| | - Renaud Blervaque
- PEGASE-Biosciences, Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59021 Lille, France. Transcriptomic and Applied Genomic (TAG), Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille (CIIL), Institut Pasteur de Lille, INSERM U1019, CNRS UMR 8404, Université Lille Nord de France, 59021 Lille, France
| | - Karine Guyot
- Biologie et Diversité des Pathogènes Eucaryotes Emergents (BDEEP), Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille (CIIL), Institut Pasteur de Lille, INSERM U1019, CNRS UMR 8402, Université Lille Nord de France, 59021 Lille, France
| | - Sophie Gazzola
- Biologie et Diversité des Pathogènes Eucaryotes Emergents (BDEEP), Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille (CIIL), Institut Pasteur de Lille, INSERM U1019, CNRS UMR 8402, Université Lille Nord de France, 59021 Lille, France
| | - Anthony Mouray
- Plateforme d'Expérimentations et de Hautes Technologies Animales, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59021 Lille, France
| | - Thierry Chassat
- Plateforme d'Expérimentations et de Hautes Technologies Animales, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59021 Lille, France
| | - Baptiste Delaire
- Service d'Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques, Groupe Hospitalier de l'Université Catholique de Lille, 59020 Lille, France
| | - Nathalie Goetinck
- Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Nausicaa Gantois
- Biologie et Diversité des Pathogènes Eucaryotes Emergents (BDEEP), Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille (CIIL), Institut Pasteur de Lille, INSERM U1019, CNRS UMR 8402, Université Lille Nord de France, 59021 Lille, France
| | - Marwan Osman
- Biologie et Diversité des Pathogènes Eucaryotes Emergents (BDEEP), Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille (CIIL), Institut Pasteur de Lille, INSERM U1019, CNRS UMR 8402, Université Lille Nord de France, 59021 Lille, France. Centre AZM pour la Recherche en Biotechnologie et ses Applications, Laboratoire Microbiologie, Santé et Environnement, Université Libanaise, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Christian Slomianny
- Inserm U1003, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire, Université Lille 1, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq CEDEX, France
| | - Vanessa Dehennaut
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, UMR CNRS 8576, IFR 147, Université Lille1, 59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Tony Lefebvre
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, UMR CNRS 8576, IFR 147, Université Lille1, 59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Eric Viscogliosi
- Biologie et Diversité des Pathogènes Eucaryotes Emergents (BDEEP), Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille (CIIL), Institut Pasteur de Lille, INSERM U1019, CNRS UMR 8402, Université Lille Nord de France, 59021 Lille, France
| | - Claude Cuvelier
- Academic Department of Pathology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eduardo Dei-Cas
- Biologie et Diversité des Pathogènes Eucaryotes Emergents (BDEEP), Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille (CIIL), Institut Pasteur de Lille, INSERM U1019, CNRS UMR 8402, Université Lille Nord de France, 59021 Lille, France. Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Colette Creusy
- Service d'Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques, Groupe Hospitalier de l'Université Catholique de Lille, 59020 Lille, France
| | - Gabriela Certad
- Biologie et Diversité des Pathogènes Eucaryotes Emergents (BDEEP), Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille (CIIL), Institut Pasteur de Lille, INSERM U1019, CNRS UMR 8402, Université Lille Nord de France, 59021 Lille, France.
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