1
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Cen X, Fang Y, Chen Z, Zhu X. Development of benzimidazole derivatives as efficient matrices for the analysis of acidic small-molecule compounds using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry in negative ion mode. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2024; 38:e9751. [PMID: 38680091 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE With the development of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation (MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS) in spatial localisation omics research on small molecules, the detection sensitivity of the matrix must increase. However, the types of matrices suitable for detecting acidic small molecules in (-) MALDI-MS mode are very limited and are either not sensitive enough or difficult to obtain. METHODS More than 10 commercially available benzimidazole and benzothiazole derivatives were selected as MALDI matrices in negative ion mode. MALDI-MS analysis was performed on 38 acidic small molecules and mouse serum, and the matrix effects were compared with those of the common commercial matrices 9-aminoacridine (9AA), 1,5-naphthalenediamine (DAN) and 3-aminoquinoline (3AQ). Moreover, the proton affinity (PA) of the selected potential matrix was calculated, and the relationships among the compound structure, PA value and matrix effect were discussed. RESULTS In (-) MALDI-MS mode, a higher PA value generally indicates a better matrix effect. Amino-substituted 2-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole derivatives had well-defined matrix effects on all analytes and were generally superior to the commonly used matrices 9AA, DAN and 3AQ. Among them, 2-(4-(dimethylamino-phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-5-amine (E-4) has the best sensitivity and versatility for detecting different analytes and has the best ability to detect fatty acids in mouse serum; moreover, the limit of detection (LOD) of some analytes can reach as low as ng/L. CONCLUSIONS Compared to 9AA, DAN and 3AQ, matrix E-4 is more effective at detecting low-molecular-weight acidic compounds in (-) MALDI-MS mode, with higher sensitivity and better versatility. In addition, there is a clear correlation between compound structure, PA and matrix effects, which provides a basis for designing more efficient matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyi Cen
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhao Fang
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zilong Chen
- Instrumental Analysis & Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinhai Zhu
- Instrumental Analysis & Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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2
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Chadha R, Guerrero JA, Wei L, Sanchez LM. Seeing is Believing: Developing Multimodal Metabolic Insights at the Molecular Level. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2024; 10:758-774. [PMID: 38680555 PMCID: PMC11046475 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c01438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
This outlook explores how two different molecular imaging approaches might be combined to gain insight into dynamic, subcellular metabolic processes. Specifically, we discuss how matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy, which have significantly pushed the boundaries of imaging metabolic and metabolomic analyses in their own right, could be combined to create comprehensive molecular images. We first briefly summarize the recent advances for each technique. We then explore how one might overcome the inherent limitations of each individual method, by envisioning orthogonal and interchangeable workflows. Additionally, we delve into the potential benefits of adopting a complementary approach that combines both MSI and SRS spectro-microscopy for informing on specific chemical structures through functional-group-specific targets. Ultimately, by integrating the strengths of both imaging modalities, researchers can achieve a more comprehensive understanding of biological and chemical systems, enabling precise metabolic investigations. This synergistic approach holds substantial promise to expand our toolkit for studying metabolites in complex environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahuljeet
S Chadha
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125 United States
| | - Jason A. Guerrero
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Santa Cruz, Santa
Cruz, California 95064 United States
| | - Lu Wei
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125 United States
| | - Laura M. Sanchez
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Santa Cruz, Santa
Cruz, California 95064 United States
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3
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Jha D, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Savas JN, Hanrieder J. Spatial neurolipidomics-MALDI mass spectrometry imaging of lipids in brain pathologies. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2024; 59:e5008. [PMID: 38445816 DOI: 10.1002/jms.5008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Given the complexity of nervous tissues, understanding neurochemical pathophysiology puts high demands on bioanalytical techniques with respect to specificity and sensitivity. Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) has evolved to become an important, biochemical imaging technology for spatial biology in biological and translational research. The technique facilitates comprehensive, sensitive elucidation of the spatial distribution patterns of drugs, lipids, peptides, and small proteins in situ. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI)-based MSI is the dominating modality due to its broad applicability and fair compromise of selectivity, sensitivity price, throughput, and ease of use. This is particularly relevant for the analysis of spatial lipid patterns, where no other comparable spatial profiling tools are available. Understanding spatial lipid biology in nervous tissue is therefore a key and emerging application area of MSI research. The aim of this review is to give a concise guide through the MSI workflow for lipid imaging in central nervous system (CNS) tissues and essential parameters to consider while developing and optimizing MSI assays. Further, this review provides a broad overview of key developments and applications of MALDI MSI-based spatial neurolipidomics to map lipid dynamics in neuronal structures, ultimately contributing to a better understanding of neurodegenerative disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durga Jha
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Lab, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
- Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Neurology, Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, University of Science and Technology of China and First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei, China
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Lab, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Savas
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jörg Hanrieder
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Lab, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
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4
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Liang Q, Mondal P, Li Q, Maqbool T, Zhao C, Jiang D, Szulczewski GJ, Wijeratne GB. Nitro Indole Derivatives as Novel Dual-Polarity Matrices for MALDI Mass Spectrometry and Imaging with Broad Applications. Anal Chem 2024; 96:1668-1677. [PMID: 38226847 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
A new matrix framework is presented in this study for the improved ionization efficiency of complex mixtures by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry/imaging. Five nitro indole (NI) derivatives [3-methyl-4-nitro-1H-indole (3,4-MNI), 3-methyl-6-nitro-1H-indole (3,6-MNI), 2,3-dimethyl-4-nitro-1H-indole (2,3,4-DMNI), 2,3-dimethyl-6-nitro-1H-indole (2,3,6-DMNI), and 4-nitro-1H-indole (4-NI)] were synthesized and shown to produce both positive and negative ions with a broad class of analytes as MALDI matrices. NI matrices were compared to several common matrices, such as 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB), alpha-cyano-4-hydroxylcinnamic acid (CHCA), sinapinic acid (SA), 1,5-diaminonaphthelene (1,5-DAN), and 9-aminoacridine (9-AA), for the analysis of lipid, peptide, protein, glycan, and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) compounds. 3,4-MNI demonstrated the best performance among the NI matrices. This matrix resulted in reduced ion suppression and better detection sensitivity for complex mixtures, for example, egg lipids/milk proteins/PFOS in tap water, while 2,3,6-DMNI was the best matrix for blueberry tissue imaging. Several important aspects of this work are reported: (1) dual-polarity ion production with NI matrices and complex mixtures; (2) quantitative analysis of PFOS with a LOQ of 0.5 ppb in tap water and 0.05 ppb in MQ water (without solid phase extraction enrichment), with accuracy and precision within 5%; (3) MALDI imaging with 2,3,6-DMNI as a matrix for plant metabolite/lipid identification with ionization enhancement in the negative ion mode m/z 600-900 region; and (4) development of a thin film deposition under/above tissue method for MALDI imaging with a vacuum sublimation matrix on a high-vacuum MALDI instrument.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoli Liang
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Pritam Mondal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Tahir Maqbool
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Chao Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Daqian Jiang
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Greg J Szulczewski
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Gayan B Wijeratne
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
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5
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Scott AJ, Smith AA, Heeren RMA, Pal U, Ernst RK. Characterization of spatial lipidomic signatures in tick-bitten guinea pig skin as a model for host-vector-pathogen interaction profiling. mSystems 2023; 8:e0092723. [PMID: 37874165 PMCID: PMC10734475 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00927-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Here, we demonstrate the adaptability of spatial "omics" methods to identify interphylum processes regulated at the vector-host interface of ticks during a mammalian blood meal. This approach enables a better understanding of complex bipartite or tripartite molecular interactions between hosts, arthropod vectors and transmitted pathogens, and contributes toward the development of spatially aware therapeutic target discovery and description.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison J. Scott
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging (M4i) Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Limburg, the Netherlands
| | - Alexis A. Smith
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Ron M. A. Heeren
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging (M4i) Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Limburg, the Netherlands
| | - Utpal Pal
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert K. Ernst
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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6
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Moore JL, Charkoftaki G. A Guide to MALDI Imaging Mass Spectrometry for Tissues. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:3401-3417. [PMID: 37877579 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Imaging mass spectrometry is a well-established technology that can easily and succinctly communicate the spatial localization of molecules within samples. This review communicates the recent advances in the field, with a specific focus on matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) applied on tissues. The general sample preparation strategies for different analyte classes are explored, including special considerations for sample types (fresh frozen or formalin-fixed,) strategies for various analytes (lipids, metabolites, proteins, peptides, and glycans) and how multimodal imaging strategies can leverage the strengths of each approach is mentioned. This work explores appropriate experimental design approaches and standardization of processes needed for successful studies, as well as the various data analysis platforms available to analyze data and their strengths. The review concludes with applications of imaging mass spectrometry in various fields, with a focus on medical research, and some examples from plant biology and microbe metabolism are mentioned, to illustrate the breadth and depth of MALDI IMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Moore
- Department of Proteomics, Discovery Life Sciences, Huntsville, Alabama 35806, United States
| | - Georgia Charkoftaki
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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7
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Scott AJ, Ellis SR, Hofstaedter CE, Heeren RM, Ernst RK. Spatial lipidomics reveals biased phospholipid remodeling in acute Pseudomonas lung infection. iScience 2023; 26:107700. [PMID: 37680478 PMCID: PMC10480615 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) is a pathogen causing chronic pulmonary infections in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Manipulation of lipids is an important feature of Pa infection and on a tissue-level scale is poorly understood. Using a mouse model of acute Pa pulmonary infection, we explored the whole-lung phospholipid response using mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) and spatial lipidomics. Using a histology-driven analysis, we isolated airways and parenchyma from both mock- and Pa-infected lungs and used systems biology tools to identify enriched metabolic pathways from the differential phospholipid identities. Infection was associated with a set of 26 ions, with 11 unique to parenchyma and 6 unique to airways. Acyl remodeling was differentially enriched in infected parenchyma as the predominant biological function. These functions correlated with markers of polymorphonuclear (PMN) cell influx, a defining feature of the lung response to Pa infection, implicating enzymes active in phospholipid remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison J. Scott
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging (M4i) Institute, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Shane R. Ellis
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging (M4i) Institute, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Casey E. Hofstaedter
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Ron M.A. Heeren
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging (M4i) Institute, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Robert K. Ernst
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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8
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Mukherjee A, Bezwada D, Greco F, Zandbergen M, Shen T, Chiang CY, Tasdemir M, Fahrmann J, Grapov D, La Frano MR, Vu HS, Faubert B, Newman JW, McDonnell LA, Nezi L, Fiehn O, DeBerardinis RJ, Lengyel E. Adipocytes reprogram cancer cell metabolism by diverting glucose towards glycerol-3-phosphate thereby promoting metastasis. Nat Metab 2023; 5:1563-1577. [PMID: 37653041 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00879-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
In the tumor microenvironment, adipocytes function as an alternate fuel source for cancer cells. However, whether adipocytes influence macromolecular biosynthesis in cancer cells is unknown. Here we systematically characterized the bidirectional interaction between primary human adipocytes and ovarian cancer (OvCa) cells using multi-platform metabolomics, imaging mass spectrometry, isotope tracing and gene expression analysis. We report that, in OvCa cells co-cultured with adipocytes and in metastatic tumors, a part of the glucose from glycolysis is utilized for the biosynthesis of glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P). Normoxic HIF1α protein regulates the altered flow of glucose-derived carbons in cancer cells, resulting in increased glycerophospholipids and triacylglycerol synthesis. The knockdown of HIF1α or G3P acyltransferase 3 (a regulatory enzyme of glycerophospholipid synthesis) reduced metastasis in xenograft models of OvCa. In summary, we show that, in an adipose-rich tumor microenvironment, cancer cells generate G3P as a precursor for critical membrane and signaling components, thereby promoting metastasis. Targeting biosynthetic processes specific to adipose-rich tumor microenvironments might be an effective strategy against metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abir Mukherjee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology/Section of Gynecologic Oncology-Center for Integrative Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Divya Bezwada
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Francesco Greco
- Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza ONLUS, San Giuliano Terme, Italy
- Institute of Life Sciences, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy
| | - Malu Zandbergen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology/Section of Gynecologic Oncology-Center for Integrative Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tong Shen
- NIH West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Chun-Yi Chiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology/Section of Gynecologic Oncology-Center for Integrative Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Medine Tasdemir
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology/Section of Gynecologic Oncology-Center for Integrative Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Johannes Fahrmann
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dmitry Grapov
- NIH West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Michael R La Frano
- NIH West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Hieu S Vu
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Brandon Faubert
- Department of Medicine/Section of Hematology and Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John W Newman
- NIH West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Liam A McDonnell
- Institute of Life Sciences, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luigi Nezi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS European Institute of Oncology, Milano, Italy
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- NIH West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ralph J DeBerardinis
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- 9Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ernst Lengyel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology/Section of Gynecologic Oncology-Center for Integrative Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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9
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Mielczarek P, Suder P, Kret P, Słowik T, Gibuła-Tarłowska E, Kotlińska JH, Kotsan I, Bodzon-Kulakowska A. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging sample preparation using wet-interface matrix deposition for lipid analysis. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2023; 37:e9531. [PMID: 37122262 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Sample preparation is one of the most crucial steps for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI). Scientists beginning their study with this technique may be overwhelmed by the variety of matrices, solvents, and concentrations; the methods of their applications; and the lack of widely available knowledge of the effect of these parameters on the results. Here we present in depth the aspects of matrix deposition, which will be helpful for the scientific community. METHODS In this study, we tested several MALDI matrices, such as 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB), norharmane, N-(1-naphthyl)ethylenediamine dihydrochloride (NEDC), and 9-aminoacridine (9AA), using the SunCollect system: wet-interface matrix deposition in the context of lipid analysis. We optimized the number of matrix layers and nozzle settings in terms of spectral intensity and the overall quality of the obtained ion maps. RESULTS Our research presents the effect of the number of matrix layers and nozzle settings on the results and allows for choosing the optimal parameters for the analyses. In positive ionization mode, DHB matrix could be chosen first. In the negative ionization mode, 1,5-diaminonaphthalene matrix produces a higher peak intensity in a lower mass range and seems to provide more information than 9AA. We recommend NEDC for particular processes such as glucose analysis. Compared to the remaining matrices, norharmane shows significant changes in the obtained ion maps. CONCLUSIONS Such a large amount of data allow us to observe an interesting conclusion: the obtained ion image for a particular ion could differ dramatically with a change in the matrix, the solvent composition, or even the number of matrix layers. This must be considered when interpreting the result, impelling us to compare the results obtained with different matrices with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Mielczarek
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Piotr Suder
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland
| | - Paulina Kret
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tymoteusz Słowik
- Experimental Medicine Center, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewa Gibuła-Tarłowska
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, Medical University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jolanta Helena Kotlińska
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, Medical University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Igor Kotsan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland
- Lesya Ukrainka Eastern European National University, Lutsk, Ukraine
| | - Anna Bodzon-Kulakowska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland
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10
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Moorkens K, Leroy JLMR, Quanico J, Baggerman G, Marei WFA. How the Oviduct Lipidomic Profile Changes over Time after the Start of an Obesogenic Diet in an Outbred Mouse Model. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1016. [PMID: 37508445 PMCID: PMC10376370 DOI: 10.3390/biology12071016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
We investigated whether a high-fat/high-sugar (HF/HS) diet alters the lipidomic profile of the oviductal epithelium (OE) and studied the patterns of these changes over time. Female outbred Swiss mice were fed either a control (10% fat) or HF/HS (60% fat, 20% fructose) diet. Mice (n = 3 per treatment per time point) were sacrificed and oviducts were collected at 3 days and 1, 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks on the diet. Lipids in the OE were imaged using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation mass spectrometry imaging. Discriminative m/z values and differentially regulated lipids were determined in the HF/HS versus control OEs at each time point. Feeding the obesogenic diet resulted in acute changes in the lipid profile in the OE already after 3 days, and thus even before the development of an obese phenotype. The changes in the lipid profile of the OE progressively increased and became more persistent after long-term HF/HS diet feeding. Functional annotation revealed a differential abundance of phospholipids, sphingomyelins and lysophospholipids in particular. These alterations appear to be not only caused by the direct accumulation of the excess circulating dietary fat but also a reduction in the de novo synthesis of several lipid classes, due to oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction. The described diet-induced lipidomic changes suggest alterations in the OE functions and the oviductal microenvironment which may impact crucial reproductive events that take place in the oviduct, such as fertilization and early embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerlijne Moorkens
- Gamete Research Centre, Laboratory for Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Jo L M R Leroy
- Gamete Research Centre, Laboratory for Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Jusal Quanico
- Centre for Proteomics, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Geert Baggerman
- Centre for Proteomics, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- Health Unit, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Waleed F A Marei
- Gamete Research Centre, Laboratory for Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
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11
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Yang H, Sherman ME, Koo CJ, Treaster LM, Smith JP, Gallaher SG, Goodlett DR, Sweet CR, Ernst RK. Structure Determination of Lipid A with Multiple Glycosylation Sites by Tandem MS of Lithium-Adducted Negative Ions. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023; 34:1047-1055. [PMID: 37184080 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
FLATn is a tandem mass spectrometric technique that can be used to rapidly generate spectral information applicable for structural elucidation of lipids like lipid A from Gram-negative bacterial species from a single bacterial colony. In this study, we extend the scope and capability of FLATn by tandem MS fragmentation of lithium-adducted molecular lipid A anions and fragments (FLATn-Li) that provides additional structural and diagnostic data from FLATn samples allowing for the discrimination of terminal phosphate modifications in a variety of pathogenic and environmental species. Using FLATn-Li, we elucidated the lipid A structure from several bacterial species, including novel structures from arctic bacterioplankton of the Duganella and Massilia genera that favor 4-amino-4-deoxy-l-arabinopyranose (Ara4N) modification at the 1-phosphate position and that demonstrate double glycosylation with Ara4N at the 1 and 4' phosphate positions simultaneously. The structures characterized in this work demonstrate that some environmental psychrophilic species make extensive use of this structural lipid A modification previously characterized as a pathogenic adaptation and the structural basis of resistance to cationic antimicrobial peptides. This observation extends the role of phosphate modification(s) in environmental species adaptation and suggests that Ara4N modification can functionally replace the positive charge of the phosphoethanolamine modification that is more typically found attached to the 1-phosphate position of modified lipid A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyojik Yang
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States of America
| | - Matthew E Sherman
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States of America
| | - Caitlyn J Koo
- Chemistry Department, United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland 21402, United States of America
- School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, United States of America
| | - Logan M Treaster
- Chemistry Department, United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland 21402, United States of America
- School of Medicine, University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, United States of America
| | - Joseph P Smith
- Oceanography Department, United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland 21402, United States of America
| | - Shawn G Gallaher
- Oceanography Department, United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland 21402, United States of America
| | - David R Goodlett
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
- Genome British Columbia Proteomics Centre, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8Z 7Z8, Canada
| | - Charles R Sweet
- Chemistry Department, United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland 21402, United States of America
| | - Robert K Ernst
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States of America
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Pětrošová H, Mikhael A, Culos S, Giraud-Gatineau A, Gomez AM, Sherman ME, Ernst RK, Cameron CE, Picardeau M, Goodlett DR. Lipid A structural diversity among members of the genus Leptospira. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1181034. [PMID: 37303810 PMCID: PMC10248169 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1181034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid A is the hydrophobic component of bacterial lipopolysaccharide and an activator of the host immune system. Bacteria modify their lipid A structure to adapt to the surrounding environment and, in some cases, to evade recognition by host immune cells. In this study, lipid A structural diversity within the Leptospira genus was explored. The individual Leptospira species have dramatically different pathogenic potential that ranges from non-infectious to life-threatening disease (leptospirosis). Ten distinct lipid A profiles, denoted L1-L10, were discovered across 31 Leptospira reference species, laying a foundation for lipid A-based molecular typing. Tandem MS analysis revealed structural features of Leptospira membrane lipids that might alter recognition of its lipid A by the host innate immune receptors. Results of this study will aid development of strategies to improve diagnosis and surveillance of leptospirosis, as well as guide functional studies on Leptospira lipid A activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Pětrošová
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- University of Victoria Genome British Columbia Proteomics Center, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Abanoub Mikhael
- University of Victoria Genome British Columbia Proteomics Center, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Sophie Culos
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | | | - Alloysius M. Gomez
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Matthew E. Sherman
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Robert K. Ernst
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Caroline E. Cameron
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Mathieu Picardeau
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 6047, Biology of Spirochetes Unit, Paris, France
| | - David R. Goodlett
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- University of Victoria Genome British Columbia Proteomics Center, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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13
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Tressler CM, Ayyappan V, Nakuchima S, Yang E, Sonkar K, Tan Z, Glunde K. A multimodal pipeline using NMR spectroscopy and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry imaging from the same tissue sample. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 36:e4770. [PMID: 35538020 PMCID: PMC9867920 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
NMR spectroscopy and matrix assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI MSI) are both commonly used to detect large numbers of metabolites and lipids in metabolomic and lipidomic studies. We have demonstrated a new workflow, highlighting the benefits of both techniques to obtain metabolomic and lipidomic data, which has realized for the first time the combination of these two complementary and powerful technologies. NMR spectroscopy is frequently used to obtain quantitative metabolite information from cells and tissues. Lipid detection is also possible with NMR spectroscopy, with changes being visible across entire classes of molecules. Meanwhile, MALDI MSI provides relative measures of metabolite and lipid concentrations, mapping spatial information of many specific metabolite and lipid molecules across cells or tissues. We have used these two complementary techniques in combination to obtain metabolomic and lipidomic measurements from triple-negative human breast cancer cells and tumor xenograft models. We have emphasized critical experimental procedures that ensured the success of achieving NMR spectroscopy and MALDI MSI in a combined workflow from the same sample. Our data show that several phospholipid metabolite species were differentially distributed in viable and necrotic regions of breast tumor xenografts. This study emphasizes the power of combined NMR spectroscopy-MALDI imaging to advance metabolomic and lipidomic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin M. Tressler
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Vinay Ayyappan
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sofia Nakuchima
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ethan Yang
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kanchan Sonkar
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zheqiong Tan
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kristine Glunde
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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14
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Leopold J, Prabutzki P, Engel KM, Schiller J. A Five-Year Update on Matrix Compounds for MALDI-MS Analysis of Lipids. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030546. [PMID: 36979481 PMCID: PMC10046246 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization (MALDI) is a widely used soft-ionization technique of modern mass spectrometry (MS). MALDI enables the analysis of nearly all chemical compounds—including polar and apolar (phospho)lipids—with a minimum extent of fragmentation. MALDI has some particular advantages (such as the possibility to acquire spatially-resolved spectra) and is competitive with the simultaneously developed ESI (electrospray ionization) MS. Although there are still some methodological aspects that need to be elucidated in more detail, it is obvious that the careful selection of an appropriate matrix plays the most important role in (lipid) analysis. Some lipid classes can be detected exclusively if the optimum matrix is used, and the matrix determines the sensitivity by which a particular lipid is detected within a mixture. Since the matrix is, thus, crucial for optimum results, we provide here an update on the progress in the field since our original review in this journal in 2018. Thus, only the development during the last five years is considered, and lipids are sorted according to increasing complexity, starting with free fatty acids and ending with cardiolipins and phosphoinositides.
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15
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Mielczarek P, Suder P, Kotsan I, Bodzon-Kulakowska A. The influence of matrix concentration and solvent composition on the results of MALDI MSI, with the aid of wet-interface matrix deposition. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2023; 58:e4916. [PMID: 36959759 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Imaging mass spectrometry is a powerful technique for the molecular analysis of tissue sections. As in many analytical methods, sample preparation is one of the main and most important steps to obtain results of good quality. Usually, the matrix concentration and solvent composition in different studies are taken for granted without any further consideration. In our studies, we aimed to find how matrix concentration and a type of solvent influence the signal. Moreover, we also aimed to find the relationship between these parameters, how they influence the spectra, and how they influence obtained ion maps. In our experiments, we used SunCollect®, which is a commercially available wet-interface system for matrix deposition. We decided to choose two matrix concentrations (2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid [DHB]: 15 and 25 mg/mL; 9-aminoacridine [9AA]: 7 and 5 mg/mL) and two different water solutions of solvents in two different percentages for the matrices (DHB: 50% and 70% of methanol [MeOH] and acetonitrile [ACN]; 9AA 70% and 50% of ethanol [EtOH] and MeOH). In the end, the influence of these parameters on obtained spectra and ion maps was assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemyslaw Mielczarek
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12 St., 31-343, Krakow, Poland
| | - Piotr Suder
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, A. Mickiewicza 30 Ave., 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - Igor Kotsan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, A. Mickiewicza 30 Ave., 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Bodzon-Kulakowska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, A. Mickiewicza 30 Ave., 30-059, Krakow, Poland
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16
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Liu H, Pan Y, Xiong C, Han J, Wang X, Chen J, Nie Z. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI MSI) for in situ analysis of endogenous small molecules in biological samples. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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17
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Borisov RS, Matveeva MD, Zaikin VG. Reactive Matrices for Analytical Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization (MALDI) Mass Spectrometry. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2021; 53:1027-1043. [PMID: 34969337 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.2001309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, a special focus is placed on the usage of reactive matrices for analytical matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). Since 2003, when the term "reactive matrices" was suggested and the dignity of compounds, possessing dualistic properties as matrices and derivatization agents was demonstrated, corresponding approach has found application in various fields and, in particular, in bioanalysis (metabolomics, lipidomics, etc.). The main advantage of this methodology is that it reduces sample treatment time, simplifies the procedure of sample handling, improves the sensitivity of analysis, enhances the molecular identification and profiling. Within the framework of this review, the main attention is paid to "true" reactive matrices that interact with analyte molecules through an exchange or addition reactions. A special section discusses practical application of reactive matrices in the determination of the distribution of targeted and non-targeted organic substances on the surface of biological tissue sections by MALDI-MS imaging. In this critical review, a controversial proposal is made to consider protonating and deprotonating matrices as reactive, because they can undergo a chemical reaction such as proton transfer that occurs in both target solution and MALDI plume. In this respect, special attention is paid to "proton sponge" matrices that have found a wide application in the analysis of various acidic compounds by MALDI-MS in the negative mode. Historical data on the formation of ions and the fate of matrices in MALDI are considered at the beginning of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman S Borisov
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Mariya D Matveeva
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir G Zaikin
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
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18
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Strittmatter N, Kanvatirth P, Inglese P, Race AM, Nilsson A, Dannhorn A, Kudo H, Goldin RD, Ling S, Wong E, Seeliger F, Serra MP, Hoffmann S, Maglennon G, Hamm G, Atkinson J, Jones S, Bunch J, Andrén PE, Takats Z, Goodwin RJA, Mastroeni P. Holistic Characterization of a Salmonella Typhimurium Infection Model Using Integrated Molecular Imaging. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:2791-2802. [PMID: 34767352 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.1c00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A more complete and holistic view on host-microbe interactions is needed to understand the physiological and cellular barriers that affect the efficacy of drug treatments and allow the discovery and development of new therapeutics. Here, we developed a multimodal imaging approach combining histopathology with mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) and same section imaging mass cytometry (IMC) to study the effects of Salmonella Typhimurium infection in the liver of a mouse model using the S. Typhimurium strains SL3261 and SL1344. This approach enables correlation of tissue morphology and specific cell phenotypes with molecular images of tissue metabolism. IMC revealed a marked increase in immune cell markers and localization in immune aggregates in infected tissues. A correlative computational method (network analysis) was deployed to find metabolic features associated with infection and revealed metabolic clusters of acetyl carnitines, as well as phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine plasmalogen species, which could be associated with pro-inflammatory immune cell types. By developing an IMC marker for the detection of Salmonella LPS, we were further able to identify and characterize those cell types which contained S. Typhimurium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Strittmatter
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Panchali Kanvatirth
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, U.K
| | - Paolo Inglese
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Alan M Race
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Anna Nilsson
- Medical Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Spatial Mass Spectrometry, Uppsala University, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andreas Dannhorn
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Hiromi Kudo
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Section of Pathology, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Hospital, London W2 1NY, U.K
| | - Robert D Goldin
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Section of Pathology, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Hospital, London W2 1NY, U.K
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Charing Cross Hospital, London W6 8RF, U.K
| | - Stephanie Ling
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Edmond Wong
- Biologics Engineering, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Frank Seeliger
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Maria Paola Serra
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Scott Hoffmann
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, U.K
| | - Gareth Maglennon
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Gregory Hamm
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - James Atkinson
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Stewart Jones
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Josephine Bunch
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
- National Centre of Excellence in Mass Spectrometry Imaging (NiCE-MSI), National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 0LW, U.K
| | - Per E Andrén
- Medical Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Spatial Mass Spectrometry, Uppsala University, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Zoltan Takats
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Richard J A Goodwin
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, U.K
| | - Pietro Mastroeni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, U.K
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19
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Treu A, Römpp A. Matrix ions as internal standard for high mass accuracy matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2021; 35:e9110. [PMID: 33880828 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE High mass accuracy is indispensable for reliable identification in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) imaging. Ubiquitous matrix ions can serve as reference masses for mass calibration if their sum formula is known. Here we report an overview of ions generated on tissue by 11 common MALDI matrices for use in internal or external mass calibration. METHODS Matrices covered in this study were applied onto coronal mouse brain sections using a pneumatic sprayer setup. MALDI imaging was performed on a Q Exactive HF orbital trapping mass spectrometer coupled to an AP-SMALDI 10 source. Measurements were conducted with high mass resolution (240 k full width at half maximum at m/z 200) and high mass accuracy with a root mean square mass error of better than 1.5 ppm achieved via internal mass calibration using matrix ions. RESULTS MALDI MS imaging was used to investigate ions generated on tissue by 11 common MALDI matrices. An example of using matrix ions for internal mass calibration in MALDI imaging of drug substances and lipids in murine lung sections is presented. Tables containing the cluster composition, sum formulae, and the measured and theoretical m/z ratios of the identified ions were compiled for each matrix. CONCLUSION Using matrix ions as reference masses for internal and external mass calibration in MALDI MS imaging is an effective and elegant way to achieve sub-ppm mass accuracy as it makes use of ubiquitous signals present in every MALDI MS spectrum without the need for an additional calibration standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Treu
- Bioanalytical Sciences and Food Analysis, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Andreas Römpp
- Bioanalytical Sciences and Food Analysis, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
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20
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Larrouy-Maumus G. Shotgun Bacterial Lipid A Analysis Using Routine MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2306:275-283. [PMID: 33954953 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1410-5_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Detection of bacterial lipids and particularly the lipid A, the lipid anchor of the lipopolysaccharide, can be very challenging and requires a certain level of expertise. Here, this chapter describes a straightforward and simple method for the analysis of bacterial lipid A. In addition, such approach, lipid fingerprint, has the potential to be applied to other bacteria such as mycobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gérald Larrouy-Maumus
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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21
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Harvey DJ. ANALYSIS OF CARBOHYDRATES AND GLYCOCONJUGATES BY MATRIX-ASSISTED LASER DESORPTION/IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY: AN UPDATE FOR 2015-2016. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2021; 40:408-565. [PMID: 33725404 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This review is the ninth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2016. Also included are papers that describe methods appropriate to analysis by MALDI, such as sample preparation techniques, even though the ionization method is not MALDI. Topics covered in the first part of the review include general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation and arrays. The second part of the review is devoted to applications to various structural types such as oligo- and poly-saccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides and biopharmaceuticals. Much of this material is presented in tabular form. The third part of the review covers medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions and applications to chemical synthesis. The reported work shows increasing use of combined new techniques such as ion mobility and the enormous impact that MALDI imaging is having. MALDI, although invented over 30 years ago is still an ideal technique for carbohydrate analysis and advancements in the technique and range of applications show no sign of deminishing. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom
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22
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O'Rourke MB, Viengkhou B, Smith CC, Sonderegger L, Padula MP, Sutherland GT, Hofer MJ, Crossett B. Matrix phase fractionation: Investigating the compromise between dynamic range of analyte extraction and spatial resolution in mass spectrometry imaging. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2021; 35:e9106. [PMID: 33860568 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation with mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) has seen rapid development in recent years and as such is becoming an important technique for the mapping of biomolecules from the surface of tissues. One key area of development is the optimisation of analyte extraction by using modified matrices or mixes of common ones. METHODS A series of serial sections were prepared for lipid MSI by either dry coating (sublimation) or by wet spray application of several matrices. These samples were then evaluated for analyte extraction, delocalisation and dynamic range. RESULTS We have shown that the spraying and sublimation methods of matrix application can be used complementarily. This creates large datasets, with each preparation method applied narrowly and then interpreted as a 'fraction' of the whole. Once combined, the dynamic range is significantly increased. We have dubbed this technique 'matrix phase fractionation'. CONCLUSIONS We have found that, by utilising matrix phase fractionation for the detection of lipids in brain tissue, it is possible to create a significantly more comprehensive dataset than would otherwise be possible with traditional 'single-run' workflows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B O'Rourke
- Northern Clinical School, Bowel Cancer & Biomarker Lab, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney Level 8, Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital, NSW, 2065, Australia
| | - Barney Viengkhou
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre and The Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Caine C Smith
- Neuropathology Group, Discipline of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Lorenz Sonderegger
- Shimadzu Australasia, Unit F, 10-16 South Street, Rydalmere, NSW, 2116, Australia
| | - Matthew P Padula
- School of Life Science and Proteomics Core Facility, Faculty of Science, The University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, 2007, Australia
| | - Greg T Sutherland
- Neuropathology Group, Discipline of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Markus J Hofer
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre and The Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Ben Crossett
- Sydney Mass Spectrometry, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
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23
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Gauthier AE, Chandler CE, Poli V, Gardner FM, Tekiau A, Smith R, Bonham KS, Cordes EE, Shank TM, Zanoni I, Goodlett DR, Biller SJ, Ernst RK, Rotjan RD, Kagan JC. Deep-sea microbes as tools to refine the rules of innate immune pattern recognition. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:eabe0531. [PMID: 33712473 PMCID: PMC8367048 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abe0531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The assumption of near-universal bacterial detection by pattern recognition receptors is a foundation of immunology. The limits of this pattern recognition concept, however, remain undefined. As a test of this hypothesis, we determined whether mammalian cells can recognize bacteria that they have never had the natural opportunity to encounter. These bacteria were cultivated from the deep Pacific Ocean, where the genus Moritella was identified as a common constituent of the culturable microbiota. Most deep-sea bacteria contained cell wall lipopolysaccharide (LPS) structures that were expected to be immunostimulatory, and some deep-sea bacteria activated inflammatory responses from mammalian LPS receptors. However, LPS receptors were unable to detect 80% of deep-sea bacteria examined, with LPS acyl chain length being identified as a potential determinant of immunosilence. The inability of immune receptors to detect most bacteria from a different ecosystem suggests that pattern recognition strategies may be defined locally, not globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Gauthier
- Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Program in Virology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Courtney E Chandler
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland, Baltimore, 650 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Valentina Poli
- Harvard Medical School, and Boston Children's Hospital, Division of Immunology, Division of Gastroenterology, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Francesca M Gardner
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland, Baltimore, 650 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | | | - Richard Smith
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland, Baltimore, 650 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Kevin S Bonham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College, 106 Central St., Wellesley, MA 02481, USA
| | - Erik E Cordes
- Department of Biology, Temple University, 1900 N. 12th St., Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Timothy M Shank
- Biology Department, MS33, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Ivan Zanoni
- Harvard Medical School, and Boston Children's Hospital, Division of Immunology, Division of Gastroenterology, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David R Goodlett
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland, Baltimore, 650 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Steven J Biller
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College, 106 Central St., Wellesley, MA 02481, USA
| | - Robert K Ernst
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland, Baltimore, 650 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Randi D Rotjan
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Jonathan C Kagan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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24
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Yang H, Jackson SN, Woods AS, Goodlett DR, Ernst RK, Scott AJ. Streamlined Analysis of Cardiolipins in Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Samples Using a Norharmane Matrix by MALDI-MSI. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2020; 31:2495-2502. [PMID: 32924474 PMCID: PMC8681877 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Cardiolipins (CLs) are an important, regulated lipid class both in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, yet they remain largely unexplored by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) in tissues. To date, no in-depth optimization studies of label-free visualization of CLs in complex biological samples have been reported. Here we report a streamlined modification to our previously reported MALDI-MSI method for detection of endogenous CLs in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells based on preparation with norharmane (NRM) matrix. Notably, the use of NRM matrix permitted sensitive detection (4.7 pg/mm2) of spotted CL synthetic standards. By contrast, four other MALDI matrices commonly used for lipid analysis failed to generate CL ions. Using this NRM-based method, endogenous CLs were detected from two types of complex biological samples: dried bacterial arrays and mouse tissue sections. In both cases, using NRM resulted in a better signal/noise for CL ions than the other matrices. Furthermore, inclusion of a washing step improved CL detection from tissue and this combined tissue preparation method (washing and NRM matrix) was used to profile normal mouse lung. Mouse lung yielded 26 unique CLs that were mapped and identified. Consistent with previous findings, CLs containing polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were found in abundance in the airway and vascular features of the lung. This work represents a comprehensive investigation of detection conditions for CL using MALDI-MSI in complex biological samples that resulted in a streamlined method that enables future studies of the biological role(s) of CL in tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyojik Yang
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore 21201, MD, USA
| | | | - Amina S. Woods
- Structural Biology Core, NIDA IRP, NIH, Baltimore 21224, MD, USA
- Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21205, MD, USA
| | - David R. Goodlett
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore 21201, MD, USA
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, 80-308, Poland, EU
| | - Robert K. Ernst
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore 21201, MD, USA
| | - Alison J. Scott
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore 21201, MD, USA
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging (M4I) Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6229 ER, Netherlands, EU
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25
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Neumann EK, Djambazova KV, Caprioli RM, Spraggins JM. Multimodal Imaging Mass Spectrometry: Next Generation Molecular Mapping in Biology and Medicine. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2020; 31:2401-2415. [PMID: 32886506 PMCID: PMC9278956 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Imaging mass spectrometry has become a mature molecular mapping technology that is used for molecular discovery in many medical and biological systems. While powerful by itself, imaging mass spectrometry can be complemented by the addition of other orthogonal, chemically informative imaging technologies to maximize the information gained from a single experiment and enable deeper understanding of biological processes. Within this review, we describe MALDI, SIMS, and DESI imaging mass spectrometric technologies and how these have been integrated with other analytical modalities such as microscopy, transcriptomics, spectroscopy, and electrochemistry in a field termed multimodal imaging. We explore the future of this field and discuss forthcoming developments that will bring new insights to help unravel the molecular complexities of biological systems, from single cells to functional tissue structures and organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K Neumann
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, 607 Light Hall, Nashville, Tennessee 37205, United States
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, 465 21st Avenue S #9160, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Katerina V Djambazova
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, 465 21st Avenue S #9160, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 7330 Stevenson Center, Station B 351822, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Richard M Caprioli
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, 607 Light Hall, Nashville, Tennessee 37205, United States
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, 465 21st Avenue S #9160, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 7330 Stevenson Center, Station B 351822, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, 2220 Pierce Avenue, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, 465 21st Avenue S #9160, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Jeffrey M Spraggins
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, 607 Light Hall, Nashville, Tennessee 37205, United States
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, 465 21st Avenue S #9160, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 7330 Stevenson Center, Station B 351822, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
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26
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Saromi K, England P, Tang W, Kostrzewa M, Corran A, Woscholski R, Larrouy-Maumus G. Rapid glycosyl-inositol-phospho-ceramide fingerprint from filamentous fungal pathogens using the MALDI Biotyper Sirius system. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34:e8904. [PMID: 32700347 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Glycosyl-inositol-phospho-ceramides (GIPCs) or glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored fungal polysaccharides are known to be major lipids in plant and fungal plasma membranes and to play an important role in stress adaption. However, their analysis remains challenging due to the several steps involved for their extractions and purifications prior to mass spectrometric analysis. To address this challenge, we developed a rapid and sensitive method to identify GIPCs from the four common fungal plant pathogens Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium graminearium, Neurospora crassa and Ustilago maydis. METHODS Fungal plant pathogens were cultured, harvested, heat-inactivated and washed three times with double-distilled water. Intact fungi were deposited on a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) target plate, mixed with the matrix consisting of a 9:1 mixture of 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid and 2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzoic acid solubilized at 10 mg/mL in chloroform-methanol (9:1 v/v) and analyzed using a Bruker MALDI Biotyper Sirius system in the linear negative ion mode. Mass spectra were acquired from m/z 700 to 2000. RESULTS MALDI time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometric analysis of cultured fungi showed clear signature of GIPCs in B. cinerea, F. graminearium, N. crassa and U. maydis. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated that routine MALDI-TOF in the linear negative ion mode combined with an apolar solvent system to solubilize the matrix is applicable to the detection of filamentous fungal GIPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kofo Saromi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Institute of Chemical Biology (ICB), Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Philippa England
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Wenhao Tang
- Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | | | - Andy Corran
- Syngenta Group, Bioscience, Jealott's Hill Research Station, Bracknell RG42 6EY, UK
| | - Rudiger Woscholski
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Institute of Chemical Biology (ICB), Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Gerald Larrouy-Maumus
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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27
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Yang H, Chandler CE, Jackson SN, Woods AS, Goodlett DR, Ernst RK, Scott AJ. On-Tissue Derivatization of Lipopolysaccharide for Detection of Lipid A Using MALDI-MSI. Anal Chem 2020; 92:13667-13671. [PMID: 32902263 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We developed a method to directly detect and map the Gram-negative bacterial virulence factor lipid A derived from lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by coupling acid hydrolysis with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI). As the structure of lipid A (endotoxin) determines the innate immune outcome during infection, the ability to map its location within an infected organ or animal is needed to understand localized inflammatory responses that results during host-pathogen interactions. We previously demonstrated detection of free lipid A from infected tissue; however detection of lipid A derived from intact (smooth) LPS from host-pathogen MSI studies, proved elusive. Here, we detected LPS-derived lipid A from the Gram-negative pathogens, Escherichia coli (Ec, m/z 1797) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa, m/z 1446) using on-tissue acid hydrolysis to cleave the glycosidic linkage between the polysaccharide (core and O-antigen) and lipid A moieties of LPS. Using accurate mass methods, the ion corresponding to the major Ec and Pa lipid A species (m/z 1797 and 1446, respectively) were unambiguously discriminated from complex tissue substrates. Further, we evaluated potential delocalization and signal loss of other tissue lipids and found no evidence for either, making this LPS-to-Lipid A-MSI (LLA-MSI) method, compatible with simultaneous host-pathogen lipid imaging following acid hydrolysis. This spatially sensitive technique is the first step in mapping host-influenced de novo lipid A modifications, such as those associated with antimicrobial resistance phenotypes, during Gram-negative bacterial infection and will advance our understanding of the host-pathogen interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyojik Yang
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Courtney E Chandler
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Shelley N Jackson
- Structural Biology Core, NIDA IRP, NIH, 333 Cassell Drive, Room 1120, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Amina S Woods
- Structural Biology Core, NIDA IRP, NIH, 333 Cassell Drive, Room 1120, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States.,Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - David R Goodlett
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States.,University of Gdansk, International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Robert K Ernst
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Alison J Scott
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States.,Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging (M4I) Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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28
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Jabbar Siddiqui A, Le Sénéchal C, Vilain S, Buré C. Effect of matrices and additives on phosphorylated and ketodeoxyoctonic acid lipids A analysis by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2020; 55:e4600. [PMID: 32720737 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lipid A is a major compound of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria and is a key factor of bacterial virulence. As lipid A's structure differs among bacterial species and varies between strains of the same species, knowing its modifications is essential to understand its implications in the infectious process. To analyze these lipids, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) is a well-suited method that is fast and efficient. However, there are limitations with the matrix and additives used, such as the suppression of signal or prompt fragmentations that could give a false overview of lipid A composition in biological samples. For a comprehensive analysis of the entire lipid A species present in a sample, we tested 16 matrices and 11 additives on two commercial lipids A. The first commercial one contains single phosphorylation group, and the second contains two phosphorylation and two ketodeoxyoctonic acid (KDO) groups. The lipid A containing KDO groups was essentially detected by the 3-hydroxypicolinic acid (3-HPA) matrix, whereas the monophosphorylated lipid A could be detected by 13 matrices out of the 16. We also demonstrated that the signal of diphosphorylated lipid A can be enhanced with the use of additives in the matrix. Our study indicated that the best conditions to obtain a clear signal of both lipids A without prompt fragmentation was the use of 3-HPA with 10mM trifluoroacetic acid (TFA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna Jabbar Siddiqui
- CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, F-33600, France
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Caroline Le Sénéchal
- CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, F-33600, France
| | - Sébastien Vilain
- CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, F-33600, France
| | - Corinne Buré
- CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, F-33600, France
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29
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Scott AJ, Chandler CE, Ellis SR, Heeren RMA, Ernst RK. Maintenance of Deep Lung Architecture and Automated Airway Segmentation for 3D Mass Spectrometry Imaging. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20160. [PMID: 31882724 PMCID: PMC6934789 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56364-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a technique for mapping the spatial distributions of molecules in sectioned tissue. Histology-preserving tissue preparation methods are central to successful MSI studies. Common fixation methods, used to preserve tissue morphology, can result in artifacts in the resulting MSI experiment including delocalization of analytes, altered adduct profiles, and loss of key analytes due to irreversible cross-linking and diffusion. This is especially troublesome in lung and airway samples, in which histology and morphology is best interpreted from 3D reconstruction, requiring the large and small airways to remain inflated during analysis. Here, we developed an MSI-compatible inflation containing as few exogenous components as possible, forgoing perfusion, fixation, and addition of salt solutions upon inflation that resulted in an ungapped 3D molecular reconstruction through more than 300 microns. We characterized a series of polyunsaturated phospholipids (PUFA-PLs), specifically phosphatidylinositol (-PI) lipids linked to lethal inflammation in bacterial infection and mapped them in serial sections of inflated mouse lung. PUFA-PIs were identified using spatial lipidomics and determined to be determinant markers of major airway features using unsupervised hierarchical clustering. Deep lung architecture was preserved using this inflation approach and the resulting sections are compatible with multiple MSI modalities, automated interpretation software, and serial 3D reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison J Scott
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, 21201, USA.,Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging (M4I) Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229ER, Netherlands
| | - Courtney E Chandler
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, 21201, USA
| | - Shane R Ellis
- Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging (M4I) Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229ER, Netherlands
| | - Ron M A Heeren
- Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging (M4I) Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229ER, Netherlands
| | - Robert K Ernst
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, 21201, USA.
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30
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Holzlechner M, Eugenin E, Prideaux B. Mass spectrometry imaging to detect lipid biomarkers and disease signatures in cancer. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2019; 2:e1229. [PMID: 32729258 PMCID: PMC7941519 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current methods to identify, classify, and predict tumor behavior mostly rely on histology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular determinants. However, better predictive markers are required for tumor diagnosis and evaluation. Due, in part, to recent technological advancements, metabolomics and lipid biomarkers have become a promising area in cancer research. Therefore, there is a necessity for novel and complementary techniques to identify and visualize these molecular markers within tumors and surrounding tissue. RECENT FINDINGS Since its introduction, mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) has proven to be a powerful tool for mapping analytes in biological tissues. By adding the label-free specificity of mass spectrometry to the detailed spatial information of traditional histology, hundreds of lipids can be imaged simultaneously within a tumor. MSI provides highly detailed lipid maps for comparing intra-tumor, tumor margin, and healthy regions to identify biomarkers, patterns of disease, and potential therapeutic targets. In this manuscript, recent advancement in sample preparation and MSI technologies are discussed with special emphasis on cancer lipid research to identify tumor biomarkers. CONCLUSION MSI offers a unique approach for biomolecular characterization of tumor tissues and provides valuable complementary information to histology for lipid biomarker discovery and tumor classification in clinical and research cancer applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Holzlechner
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and AnatomyThe University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston (UTMB)GalvestonTexas
| | - Eliseo Eugenin
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and AnatomyThe University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston (UTMB)GalvestonTexas
| | - Brendan Prideaux
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and AnatomyThe University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston (UTMB)GalvestonTexas
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31
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Powers MJ, Herrera CM, Tucker AT, Davies BW, Trent MS. Isolation of Lipid Cell Envelope Components from Acinetobacter baumannii. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1946:233-252. [PMID: 30798560 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9118-1_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing occurrence of antibiotic resistance among Acinetobacter sp., the race is on for researchers to not only isolate resistant isolates but also utilize basic and applied microbiological techniques to study mechanisms of resistance. For many antibiotics, the limit of efficacy against Gram-negative bacteria is dependent on its ability to permeate the outer membrane and access its target. As such, it is critical that researchers be able to isolate and analyze the lipid components of the cell envelope from any number of Acinetobacter sp. that are either resistant or sensitive to antibiotics of interest. The following chapter provides in-depth protocols to confirm the presence or absence of lipooligosaccharide (LOS) in Acinetobacter sp., isolate lipid A, and glycerophospholipids and analyze them using qualitative (mass spectrometry) and semiquantitative (thin-layer chromatography) methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Powers
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.,Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Carmen M Herrera
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Ashley T Tucker
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Bryan W Davies
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.,Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.,Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.,John Ring LaMontagne Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - M Stephen Trent
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA. .,Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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32
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Rickettsia Lipid A Biosynthesis Utilizes the Late Acyltransferase LpxJ for Secondary Fatty Acid Addition. J Bacteriol 2018; 200:JB.00334-18. [PMID: 30012728 PMCID: PMC6148475 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00334-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the Rickettsia genus are obligate intracellular, Gram-negative coccobacilli that infect mammalian and arthropod hosts. Several rickettsial species are human pathogens and are transmitted by blood-feeding arthropods. In Gram-negative parasites, the outer membrane (OM) sits at the nexus of the host-pathogen interaction and is rich in lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The lipid A component of LPS anchors the molecule to the bacterial surface and is an endotoxic agonist of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Despite the apparent importance of lipid A in maintaining OM integrity, as well as its inflammatory potential during infection, this molecule is poorly characterized in Rickettsia pathogens. In this work, we have identified and characterized new members of the recently discovered LpxJ family of lipid A acyltransferases in both Rickettsia typhi and Rickettsia rickettsii, the etiological agents of murine typhus and Rocky Mountain spotted fever, respectively. Our results demonstrate that these enzymes catalyze the addition of a secondary acyl chain (C14/C16) to the 3'-linked primary acyl chain of the lipid A moiety in the final steps of the Raetz pathway of lipid A biosynthesis. Since lipid A architecture is fundamental to bacterial OM integrity, we believe that rickettsial LpxJ may be important in maintaining membrane dynamics to facilitate molecular interactions at the host-pathogen interface that are required for adhesion and invasion of mammalian cells. This work contributes to our understanding of rickettsial outer membrane physiology and sets a foundation for further exploration of the envelope and its role in pathogenesis.IMPORTANCE Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) triggers an inflammatory response through the TLR4-MD2 receptor complex and inflammatory caspases, a process mediated by the lipid A moiety of LPS. Species of Rickettsia directly engage both extracellular and intracellular immunosurveillance, yet little is known about rickettsial lipid A. Here, we demonstrate that the alternative lipid A acyltransferase, LpxJ, from Rickettsia typhi and R. rickettsii catalyzes the addition of C16 fatty acid chains into the lipid A 3'-linked primary acyl chain, accounting for major structural differences relative to the highly inflammatory lipid A of Escherichia coli.
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33
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Calvano CD, Monopoli A, Cataldi TRI, Palmisano F. MALDI matrices for low molecular weight compounds: an endless story? Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:4015-4038. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1014-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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34
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Sengyee S, Yoon SH, Paksanont S, Yimthin T, Wuthiekanun V, Limmathurotsakul D, West TE, Ernst RK, Chantratita N. Comprehensive analysis of clinical Burkholderia pseudomallei isolates demonstrates conservation of unique lipid A structure and TLR4-dependent innate immune activation. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006287. [PMID: 29474381 PMCID: PMC5842036 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei is an environmental bacterium that causes melioidosis, a major community-acquired infection in tropical regions. Melioidosis presents with a range of clinical symptoms, is often characterized by a robust inflammatory response, may relapse after treatment, and results in high mortality rates. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of B. pseudomallei is a potent immunostimulatory molecule comprised of lipid A, core, and O-polysaccharide (OPS) components. Four B. pseudomallei LPS types have been described based on SDS-PAGE patterns that represent the difference of OPS-type A, type B, type B2 and rough LPS. The majority of B. pseudomallei isolates are type A. We used matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) followed by electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-QqTOF MS) and gas chromatography to characterize the lipid A of B. pseudomallei within LPS type A isolates. We determined that B. pseudomallei lipid A is represented by penta- and tetra-acylated species modified with 4-amino-4-deoxy-arabinose (Ara4N). The MALDI-TOF profiles from 171 clinical B. pseudomallei isolates, including 68 paired primary and relapse isolates and 35 within-host isolates were similar. We did not observe lipid A structural changes when the bacteria were cultured in different growth conditions. Dose-dependent NF-κB activation in HEK cells expressing TLR4 was observed using multiple heat-killed B. pseudomallei isolates and corresponding purified LPS. We demonstrated that TLR4-dependent NF-κB activation induced by heat-killed bacteria or LPS prepared from OPS deficient mutant was significantly greater than those induced by wild type B. pseudomallei. These findings suggest that the structure of B. pseudomallei lipid A is highly conserved in a wide variety of clinical and environmental circumstances but that the presence of OPS may modulate LPS-driven innate immune responses in melioidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sineenart Sengyee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sung Hwan Yoon
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Suporn Paksanont
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thatcha Yimthin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Vanaporn Wuthiekanun
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Direk Limmathurotsakul
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Tropical Hygiene, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - T. Eoin West
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- International Respiratory and Severe Illness Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Robert K. Ernst
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Narisara Chantratita
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail:
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35
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Host-based lipid inflammation drives pathogenesis in Francisella infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:12596-12601. [PMID: 29109289 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1712887114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) was used to elucidate host lipids involved in the inflammatory signaling pathway generated at the host-pathogen interface during a septic bacterial infection. Using Francisella novicida as a model organism, a bacterial lipid virulence factor (endotoxin) was imaged and identified along with host phospholipids involved in the splenic response in murine tissues. Here, we demonstrate detection and distribution of endotoxin in a lethal murine F. novicida infection model, in addition to determining the temporally and spatially resolved innate lipid inflammatory response in both 2D and 3D renderings using MSI. Further, we show that the cyclooxygenase-2-dependent lipid inflammatory pathway is responsible for lethality in F. novicida infection due to overproduction of proinflammatory effectors including prostaglandin E2. The results of this study emphasize that spatial determination of the host lipid components of the immune response is crucial to identifying novel strategies to effectively address highly pathogenic and lethal infections stemming from bacterial, fungal, and viral origins.
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36
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Mass spectrometry analysis of intact Francisella bacteria identifies lipid A structure remodeling in response to acidic pH stress. Biochimie 2017; 141:16-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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37
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Identification of the ESKAPE pathogens by mass spectrometric analysis of microbial membrane glycolipids. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6403. [PMID: 28743946 PMCID: PMC5526941 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04793-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid diagnostics that enable identification of infectious agents improve patient outcomes, antimicrobial stewardship, and length of hospital stay. Current methods for pathogen detection in the clinical laboratory include biological culture, nucleic acid amplification, ribosomal protein characterization, and genome sequencing. Pathogen identification from single colonies by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) analysis of high abundance proteins is gaining popularity in clinical laboratories. Here, we present a novel and complementary approach that utilizes essential microbial glycolipids as chemical fingerprints for identification of individual bacterial species. Gram-positive and negative bacterial glycolipids were extracted using a single optimized protocol. Extracts of the clinically significant ESKAPE pathogens: E nterococcus faecium, S taphylococcus aureus, K lebsiella pneumoniae, A cinetobacter baumannii, P seudomonas aeruginosa, and E nterobacter spp. were analyzed by MALDI-TOF-MS in negative ion mode to obtain glycolipid mass spectra. A library of glycolipid mass spectra from 50 microbial entries was developed that allowed bacterial speciation of the ESKAPE pathogens, as well as identification of pathogens directly from blood bottles without culture on solid medium and determination of antimicrobial peptide resistance. These results demonstrate that bacterial glycolipid mass spectra represent chemical barcodes that identify pathogens, potentially providing a useful alternative to existing diagnostics.
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38
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Kaper JB, Flajnik MF, Mobley HLT. Editorial: Infection and immunity research at the University of Maryland, Baltimore. Pathog Dis 2016; 74:ftw100. [PMID: 27702794 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftw100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- James B Kaper
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W. Baltimore St. HSF I-Rm 380, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Martin F Flajnik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W. Baltimore St. HSF I-Rm 380, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Harry L T Mobley
- University of Michigan, Microbiology and Immunology, 5641 Medical Science II 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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