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Recanatini C, GeurtsvanKessel CH, Pas SD, Broens EM, Maas M, van Mansfeld R, Mutsaers-van Oudheusden AJG, van Rijen M, Schippers EF, Stegeman A, Tami A, Veldkamp KE, Visser H, Voss A, Wegdam-Blans MCA, Wertheim HFL, Wever PC, Koopmans MPG, Kluytmans JAJW, Kluytmans-van den Bergh MFQ. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among healthcare workers in Dutch hospitals after the 2020 first wave: a multicentre cross-sectional study with prospective follow-up. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2023; 12:137. [PMID: 38031155 PMCID: PMC10688070 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-023-01324-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to estimate the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) seroprevalence and describe its determinants and associated symptoms among unvaccinated healthcare workers (HCWs) after the first wave of the pandemic. METHODS HCWs from 13 Dutch hospitals were screened for antibodies against the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 in June-July 2020 and after three months. Participants completed a retrospective questionnaire on determinants for occupational and community exposure to SARS-CoV-2 and symptoms suggestive of COVID-19 experienced since January 2020. The seroprevalence was calculated per baseline characteristic and symptom at baseline and after follow-up. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for seropositivity were determined using logistic regression. RESULTS Among 2328 HCWs, 323 (13.9%) were seropositive at enrolment, 49 of whom (15%) reported no previous symptoms suggestive of COVID-19. During follow-up, only 1% of the tested participants seroconverted. Seroprevalence was higher in younger HCWs compared to the mid-age category (aOR 1.53, 95% CI 1.07-2.18). Nurses (aOR 2.21, 95% CI 1.34-3.64) and administrative staff (aOR 1.87, 95% CI 1.02-3.43) had a higher seroprevalence than physicians. The highest seroprevalence was observed in HCWs in the emergency department (ED) (aOR 1.79, 95% CI 1.10-2.91), the lowest in HCWs in the intensive, high, or medium care units (aOR 0.47, 95% CI 0.31-0.71). Chronic respiratory disease, smoking, and having a dog were independently associated with a lower seroprevalence, while HCWs with diabetes mellitus had a higher seroprevalence. In a multivariable model containing all self-reported symptoms since January 2020, altered smell and taste, fever, general malaise/fatigue, and muscle aches were positively associated with developing antibodies, while sore throat and chills were negatively associated. CONCLUSIONS The SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in unvaccinated HCWs of 13 Dutch hospitals was 14% in June-July 2020 and remained stable after three months. A higher seroprevalence was observed in the ED and among nurses, administrative and young staff, and those with diabetes mellitus, while a lower seroprevalence was found in HCWs in intensive, high, or medium care, and those with self-reported lung disease, smokers, and dog owners. A history of altered smell or taste, fever, muscle aches and fatigue were independently associated with the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in unvaccinated HCWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Recanatini
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Suzan D Pas
- Microvida Laboratory for Medical Microbiology, Bravis Hospital, Roosendaal, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Els M Broens
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martje Maas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bernhoven Hospital, Uden, The Netherlands
| | - Rosa van Mansfeld
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Miranda van Rijen
- Department of Infection Control, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands
| | - Emile F Schippers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haga Hospital, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan Stegeman
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Adriana Tami
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Karin Ellen Veldkamp
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hannah Visser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Beatrix Hospital, Gorinchem, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Voss
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolijn C A Wegdam-Blans
- Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Hospital St. Jans Gasthuis, Weert, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Stichting PAMM, Veldhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Heiman F L Wertheim
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter C Wever
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Marion P G Koopmans
- Viroscience Department, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan A J W Kluytmans
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Infection Control, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein F Q Kluytmans-van den Bergh
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Infection Control, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands
- Amphia Academy Infectious Disease Foundation, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands
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Barrufet MP, Serra-Prat M, Palomera E, Ruiz A, Tapias G, Montserrat N, Valladares N, Ruz FJ, Bolívar-Prados M, Clavé P. Prevalence and risk factors of SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses among healthcare workers (June 2020-November 2021). Eur J Public Health 2023; 33:923-929. [PMID: 37311716 PMCID: PMC10567251 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckad093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in healthcare workers (HCW) with sampling in June and October 2020 and April and November 2021. METHODS Observational and prospective study in 2455 HCW with serum sampling. Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid and occupational, social and health risk factors were assessed at each time point. RESULTS Seropositivity for SARS-CoV-2 in HCW increased from 11.8% in June 2020 to 28.4% in November 2021. Of those with a positive test in June 2020, 92.1% remained with a positive test, 6.7% had an indeterminate test and 1.1% had a negative test in November 2021. Non-diagnosed carriers represented 28.6% in June 2020 and 14.6% in November 2021. Nurses and nursing assistants showed the highest prevalence of seropositivity. Close contact (at home or in the hospital) with Covid-19 cases without protection and working in the frontline were the main risk factors. A total of 88.8% HCW were vaccinated, all with a positive serological response in April 2021, but levels of antibodies decreased about 65%, and two vaccinated persons presented a negative serological test against spike protein in November 2021. Levels of spike antibodies were higher in those vaccinated with Moderna compared with Pfizer and the percentage of antibody reduction was higher with Pfizer vaccine. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among HCW doubled that of the general population and that protection both at the workplace and in the socio-familial field was associated with a lower risk of infection, which stabilized after vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pilar Barrufet
- Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Mataró, Consorci Sanitari del Maresme, Mataró, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mateu Serra-Prat
- Research Unit, Fundació Salut del Consorci Sanitari del Maresme, Mataró, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Palomera
- Research Unit, Fundació Salut del Consorci Sanitari del Maresme, Mataró, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alícia Ruiz
- Laboratori de Referència de Catalunya, Consorci Sanitari del Maresme, Mataró, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Tapias
- Occupational Health Unit, Hospital de Mataró, Consorci Sanitari del Maresme, Mataró, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noemí Montserrat
- Occupational Health Unit, Hospital de Mataró, Consorci Sanitari del Maresme, Mataró, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nicolas Valladares
- Occupational Health Unit, Hospital de Mataró, Consorci Sanitari del Maresme, Mataró, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Ruz
- Information Technology Department, Consorci Sanitari del Maresme, Mataró, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Bolívar-Prados
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
- Drug Research Ethics Committee (CEIm), Consorci Sanitari del Maresme, Mataró, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Clavé
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
- Research and Academic Department, Hospital de Mataró, Mataró, Barcelona, Spain
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Hanane G, Amine Z, Roomila N, Prazuck T, Amirouche A, Olivier V, Benyamina A, Serreau R. COVID-19 seroprevalence among local authority workers from Orléans Métropole, the Community of Communes of the Terres du Val de Loire, the local public service management centre of the Loiret department and the Region Centre Val de Loire: a prospective epidemiological study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e066504. [PMID: 37217267 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among local authority workers, depending on their position and potential interaction with the public. METHODS A cohort of volunteer participants was recruited among local authority workers of the Centre Val de Loire region in France, to be tested using a rapid serological test (COVID-PRESTO). The collected data were analysed by comparing different parameters including, gender, age, position held, and contact or not with the public. The study was carried out from August to December 2020 and included 3228 participants (n=3228), from 18 to 65 years old. RESULTS The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 among local authority workers was estimated at 3.04%. No significant difference could be observed according to the position held by the workers and whether they were or not in contact with the public. Nevertheless, a significant difference was observed between the different investigating centres, in correlation with the geographical location. CONCLUSION Contact with members of the public was not a critical parameter for SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence as long as protective measures are applied. Among the population included in the study, childcare workers were more at risk of getting infected by the virus. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04387968.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zaouia Amine
- Unite de recherche clinique PARADICT-O, Orléans, France
| | | | - Thierry Prazuck
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Centre Hospitalier Regional d'Orleans, Orleans, France
| | - Ammar Amirouche
- Hopital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Vernay Olivier
- Communauté de Communes Terres du Val de Loire, Orléans, France
| | - Amine Benyamina
- Hopital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Raphaël Serreau
- Unite de recherche clinique PARADICT-O, Orléans, France
- Hopital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
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Bautista Balbás LA, Sandino Gómez R, Gil Conesa M, Velasco Guijarro O, Rodríguez Caravaca G, Jou Rivera F, Navasquillo Lorda MÁ, Martín Carmena E. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV2 Infections in Health Care Personnel in a Long-Term Care Institution After the First Wave of the Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study. Workplace Health Saf 2023; 71:229-237. [PMID: 36708002 PMCID: PMC9895301 DOI: 10.1177/21650799221135587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND At the time of our study, occupational health evidence specific for long-term care employees was mostly lacking. The purpose of this study was to determine the proportion of positive cases in employees after the first COVID-19 wave in May 2020. We also determined the prevalence of asymptomatic cases. METHOD The study population included all health care workers (HCW) employed at one mid-size long-term hospital in Spain (May 2020). A cross-sectional study design included an interviewer-administered self-reported questionnaire (including sociodemographic questions, risk factors for COVID-19 complications such as hypertension or diabetes, and previous polymerase chain reaction [PCR] results) and antibody determination (Biozek rapid test). Data were analyzed using Student's t, Fisher, and chi-square tests. Two multivariate logistic models were created to evaluate exposure factors and symptoms separately on the outcome of having had COVID-19. FINDINGS Of the 97% of workers who participated (580/596), 300 (51.7%) suffered symptoms of COVID-19, 161 (27.8%) of the rapid antibody tests were positive for IgM and/or IgG, 160 (27.6%) workers had at least one risk factor, and 32 (19.0%) of the 168 SARS-CoV-2-positive cases were asymptomatic. The proportion of negative or unavailable PCRs, with positive antibody, was 11.7% (56/477). Casual contact without protection (odds ratio [OR]: 1.9, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1-3.4), doctor occupation (OR 3.3, 95% CI: 1.1-10.2), and nursing assistant occupation (OR 2.5, 95% CI: 1.2-5.8) were independently associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. CONCLUSION Physicians and nursing assistants in a long-term care setting were at a higher risk of SARS-COV-2 infection over other occupations in the first wave of the pandemic, especially when in contact with patients without protection. Almost one-fifth of the workers with a positive PCR test for SARS-COV-2 were asymptomatic and seroprevalence (27.8%) was well below the approximated herd immunity cutoff (60-70%). Essential workers in long-term care must be monitored frequently by Employee Health Service and should be required to wear personal protective equipment including a fit-tested N-95 while in close contact with patients and coworkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Alfredo Bautista Balbás
- Hospital Virgen de la Poveda,Alcorcón Foundation University
Hospital,Luis Alfredo Bautista Balbás, MD, Hospital
Virgen de la Poveda, C/ Alejandro Peris Barrios, s/n, Villa del Prado, 28630
Madrid, Spain;
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Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 antibody persistence and viral spread in stool: a long-term care experience before COVID-19 vaccination. Ir J Med Sci 2023; 192:263-268. [PMID: 35829907 PMCID: PMC9277604 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-022-03095-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to elderly residents, nursing homes/assisted living facilities were the most affected places in COVID-19 pandemic. Besides symptomatic patients, asymptomatic patients were detected during routine screening. AIM This study aims to determine the factors that affect antibody response and viral shedding in stool samples after natural exposure to the virus in residents and staff who recovered from COVID-19 before the vaccine was available. METHODS This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the nation's highest-capacity Residential and Nursing Home. Blood samples were collected between December 15, 2020 and January 15, 2021 from participating residents and staff for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing. Stool samples were obtained for SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing 2 months after COVID-19. The Social Sciences (SPSS) program version 15.0 was used for statistical analysis. The Mann-Whitney U test compared SARS-CoV-2 antibody concentration between two groups. RESULTS Four hundred sixty-four (52.3%) residents and 424 (47.7%) staff participated. Entirely 259 (29.2%) participants were anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG (+) and 255 (28.7%) were SARS-CoV-2 PCR (+). Both antibody and PCR positivity was detected in 196 (76.9%). In PCR (-) group, 63 (10.0%) participants were SARS-CoV-2 IgG (+). Antibody titers were found highest in SARS-CoV-2 PCR (+) male residents. SARS-CoV-2 IgG titers were significantly high in SARS-CoV-2 PCR (+) and hospitalized participants regardless of age. Stool samples were obtained from 61(23.9%) participants and were found negative. CONCLUSION A durable SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody response was monitored at least 9 months after the participants were diagnosed with COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 antibody positivity was detected 76.9% in PCR (+) and 10.0% in PCR (-) participants. Knowing the duration of detectable antibodies is an important finding for developing disease prevention and public health strategies.
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Mensah BA, Ndong IC, Quashie PK, Guichet E, Abuaku B, Effah-Baafi Y, Tapela K, Asiedu K, Appiedu-Addo SNA, Obbeng LB, Amponsah JA, Kusi KA, Ofori M, Ayouba A, Courtin D, Tahar R, Delaporte E, Awandare G, Ndam NT. Population-based sero-epidemiological investigation of the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 infections in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21582. [PMID: 36517505 PMCID: PMC9748398 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25598-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic devastated countries worldwide, and resulted in a global shutdown. Not all infections are symptomatic and hence the extent of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the community is unknown. The paper presents the dynamics of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in the Greater Accra Metropolis, describing the evolution of seroprevalence through time and by age group. Three repeated independent population-based surveys at 6-week intervals were conducted in from November 2020 to July 2021. The global and by age-groups weighted seroprevalences were estimated and the risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 antibody seropositivity were assessed using logistic regression. The overall age-standardized SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence for both spike and nucleocapsid increased from 13.8% (95% CI 11.9, 16.1) in November 2020 to 39.6% (95% CI 34.8, 44.6) in July 2021. After controlling for gender, marital status, education level, and occupation, the older age group over 40 years had a higher odds of seropositivity than the younger age group (OR 3.0 [95% CI 1.1-8.5]) in the final survey. Pupils or students had 3.3-fold increased odds of seropositivity (OR 3.2 [95% CI 1.1-8.5]) compared to the unemployed. This study reinforces that, SARS-CoV-2 infections have been significantly higher than reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ignatius Cheng Ndong
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Catholic University of Cameroon, Bamenda, Cameroon
| | - Peter Kojo Quashie
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Emilande Guichet
- TransVIHMI, University of Montpellier, IRD and Institut National de La Santé Et de La Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Montpellier, France
| | - Benjamin Abuaku
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Yaw Effah-Baafi
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Kesego Tapela
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Kwame Asiedu
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Louisa Baaba Obbeng
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Jones Amo Amponsah
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Kwadwo Asamoah Kusi
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Michael Ofori
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Ahidjo Ayouba
- TransVIHMI, University of Montpellier, IRD and Institut National de La Santé Et de La Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Montpellier, France
| | - David Courtin
- MERIT, IRD, Université de Paris, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Rachida Tahar
- MERIT, IRD, Université de Paris, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Eric Delaporte
- TransVIHMI, University of Montpellier, IRD and Institut National de La Santé Et de La Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Montpellier, France
| | - Gordon Awandare
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
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KURUOĞLU T, ATİLLA A, KAYHAN ŞB, TEMOÇİN F, TANYEL E. Determination of risk factors playing a role in the transmission of COVID-19 in healthcare professionals. JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.32322/jhsm.1180325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Healthcare workers and professionals have the highest risk of transmission of novel coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). The risks faced by healthcare professionals can vary according to their working conditions, knowledge, attitudes and behaviours. This study aimed to identify risk factors contributing to transmission among frontline healthcare providers in the pandemic period.
Material and Method: The healthcare workers working at the school of medicine hospital and referred to the COVID-19 clinics by the filiation team following risky exposure between March 15, 2020 and December 31, 2020 were included in the study. sociodemographic features, use of protective equipment, unprotected contact data, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test results recorded on the contact healthcare follow-up form of the participants were taken from the hospital records and analyzed retrospectively.
Results: Of the healthcare workers included in the study, 790 (58%) were female, and 571 (42%) were male, with a mean age of 33,6±8,3 years. SARS-CoV2 PCR positivity was detected in 94 (6%) participants. According to the multivariate model results, the male gender was found as a risk factor in terms of transmission which increased the risk 1.633-fold [%95 Cl; (1,048-2,544), p=0,030], working in a laboratory unit increased the risk 2.89-fold [%95 Cl; (1,322-6,316), p=0,008], and contacting out of the hospital increased the risk 7.154-fold [%95 Cl; (4,085-12,529), p
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuba KURUOĞLU
- ONDOKUZ MAYIS ÜNİVERSİTESİ, TIP FAKÜLTESİ, DAHİLİ TIP BİLİMLERİ BÖLÜMÜ, ENFEKSİYON HASTALIKLARI VE KLİNİK MİKROBİYOLOJİ ANABİLİM DALI
| | - Aynur ATİLLA
- ONDOKUZ MAYIS ÜNİVERSİTESİ, TIP FAKÜLTESİ, DAHİLİ TIP BİLİMLERİ BÖLÜMÜ, ENFEKSİYON HASTALIKLARI VE KLİNİK MİKROBİYOLOJİ ANABİLİM DALI
| | - Şeyma Betül KAYHAN
- ONDOKUZ MAYIS ÜNİVERSİTESİ, TIP FAKÜLTESİ, DAHİLİ TIP BİLİMLERİ BÖLÜMÜ, ENFEKSİYON HASTALIKLARI VE KLİNİK MİKROBİYOLOJİ ANABİLİM DALI
| | - Fatih TEMOÇİN
- ONDOKUZ MAYIS ÜNİVERSİTESİ, TIP FAKÜLTESİ, DAHİLİ TIP BİLİMLERİ BÖLÜMÜ, ENFEKSİYON HASTALIKLARI VE KLİNİK MİKROBİYOLOJİ ANABİLİM DALI
| | - Esra TANYEL
- ONDOKUZ MAYIS ÜNİVERSİTESİ, TIP FAKÜLTESİ, DAHİLİ TIP BİLİMLERİ BÖLÜMÜ, ENFEKSİYON HASTALIKLARI VE KLİNİK MİKROBİYOLOJİ ANABİLİM DALI
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Prados de la Torre E, Obando I, Vidal M, de Felipe B, Aguilar R, Izquierdo L, Carolis C, Olbrich P, Capilla-Miranda A, Serra P, Santamaria P, Blanco-Lobo P, Moncunill G, Rodríguez-Ortega MJ, Dobaño C. SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence Study in Pediatric Patients and Health Care Workers Using Multiplex Antibody Immunoassays. Viruses 2022; 14:v14092039. [PMID: 36146844 PMCID: PMC9502584 DOI: 10.3390/v14092039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection has become a global health problem specially exacerbated with the continuous appearance of new variants. Healthcare workers (HCW) have been one of the most affected sectors. Children have also been affected, and although infection generally presents as a mild disease, some have developed the Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome Temporally Associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS). We recruited 190 adults (HCW and cohabitants, April to June 2020) and 57 children (April 2020 to September 2021), of whom 12 developed PIMS-TS, in a hospital-based study in Spain. Using an in-house Luminex assay previously validated, antibody levels were measured against different spike and nucleocapsid SARS-CoV-2 proteins, including the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta variants of concern (VoC). Seropositivity rates obtained from children and adults, respectively, were: 49.1% and 11% for IgG, 45.6% and 5.8% for IgA, and 35.1% and 7.3% for IgM. Higher antibody levels were detected in children who developed PIMS-TS compared to those who did not. Using the COVID-19 IgM/IgA ELISA (Vircell, S.L.) kit, widely implemented in Spanish hospitals, a high number of false positives and lower seroprevalences compared with the Luminex estimates were found, indicating a significantly lower specificity and sensitivity. Comparison of antibody levels against RBD-Wuhan versus RBD-VoCs indicated that the strongest positive correlations for all three isotypes were with RBD-Alpha, while the lowest correlations were with RBD-Delta for IgG, RBD-Gamma for IgM, and RBD-Beta for IgA. This study highlights the differences in antibody levels between groups with different demographic and clinical characteristics, as well as reporting the IgG, IgM, and IgA response to RBD VoC circulating at the study period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Prados de la Torre
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ignacio Obando
- Unidad de Pediatría, Sección de Infectología, Reumatología e Inmunología Pediátrica, Hospital Infantil Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, RITIP, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Marta Vidal
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic—Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz de Felipe
- Unidad de Pediatría, Sección de Infectología, Reumatología e Inmunología Pediátrica, Hospital Infantil Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, RITIP, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ruth Aguilar
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic—Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Izquierdo
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic—Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlo Carolis
- Biomolecular Screening and Protein Technologies Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peter Olbrich
- Unidad de Pediatría, Sección de Infectología, Reumatología e Inmunología Pediátrica, Hospital Infantil Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, RITIP, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana Capilla-Miranda
- Unidad de Pediatría, Sección de Infectología, Reumatología e Inmunología Pediátrica, Hospital Infantil Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, RITIP, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Pau Serra
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Santamaria
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Pilar Blanco-Lobo
- Unidad de Pediatría, Sección de Infectología, Reumatología e Inmunología Pediátrica, Hospital Infantil Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, RITIP, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Gemma Moncunill
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic—Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (G.M.); (M.J.R.-O.); (C.D.)
| | - Manuel J. Rodríguez-Ortega
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
- Correspondence: (G.M.); (M.J.R.-O.); (C.D.)
| | - Carlota Dobaño
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic—Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (G.M.); (M.J.R.-O.); (C.D.)
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Mushcab H, Al-Tawfiq JA, Ghamdi M, Babgi A, Amir A, Sheikh SS, Darwisheh A, Alobaid A, Jebakumar AZ, Qahtani S, Al Sagheir A. A Cohort Study of Seroprevalence of Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Healthcare Workers at a Tertiary Hospital in Saudi Arabia. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:4393-4406. [PMID: 35974896 PMCID: PMC9375977 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s369755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The nature of the healthcare workers’ jobs standing at the frontline against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) puts them at a higher risk of unknowingly contracting the disease and potentially contributing to the spread. This study aims to assess the overall positive seroconversion prevalence of SARS-CoV-2. Methods This is a longitudinal cohort study of healthcare workers at Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare (JHAH). JHAH is a tertiary hospital located in Dhahran serving patients in several districts in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Participants were recruited between June and December 2020. Each participant had a serology blood test and completed the World Health Organization’s risk factor assessment questionnaire. Results This study included 682 participants working in JHAH, representing 15.7% of our population. Out of the 682 participants, 15.2% had a positive SARS-CoV-2 rt-PCR before taking part in the study. However, only 87 tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, a prevalence of 12.7% of all participants. Out of the 87 positives for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, 17 participants never tested positive for COVID-19 rt-PCR, a prevalence of 2.9%. Moreover, not properly using alcohol-based hand rub or soap and water after the risk of body fluid exposure and wearing personal protective equipment when indicated were found to be statistically significant to having a positive SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay. Conclusion Positive seroconversion rate was considerably low during the first wave of COVID-19 amongst JHAH’s healthcare workers and similar to other healthcare organizations in Saudi Arabia. Seropositivity correlated significantly with following infection prevention and control recommendations. Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier NCT04469647.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayat Mushcab
- Research Office, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq
- Infectious Disease Unit - Specialty Internal Medicine, and Quality and Patient Safety Department, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia.,Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Infectious Disease Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mohammed Ghamdi
- Population Health Department, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani Babgi
- Clinical Practice Education & Research, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrazack Amir
- Office of Academic Affairs, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salwa S Sheikh
- Pathology Department, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel Darwisheh
- Laboratory Services Department, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abrar Alobaid
- Laboratory Services Department, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arulanantham Zechariah Jebakumar
- Vice Deanship of Postgraduate Studies Research, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dhahran, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Qahtani
- Wellness Institute, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Al Sagheir
- Research Office, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Hassanmirzaei B, Haratian Z, Ahmadzadeh Amiri A, Ahmadzadeh Amiri A, Moghadam N. SARS-CoV-2 serological assay and viral testing: a report of professional football setting. Postgrad Med J 2022; 98:529-532. [PMID: 37066496 PMCID: PMC8103557 DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2021-140176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY PCR is the current standard test for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, due to its limitations, serological testing is considered an alternative method for detecting SARS-CoV-2 exposure. In this study, we measured the level of SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibodies of male professional football players and compared the results with the standard PCR test to investigate the association between the two tests. STUDY DESIGN Participants were male professional football players and team officials. Nasopharyngeal swabs and peripheral blood samples were collected for the PCR and serological tests, respectively. Also, previous records of COVID-19 testing and symptoms were gathered. Those with previous positive PCR tests who tested negative for the second time were considered to be recovered patients. RESULTS Of the 1243 subjects, 222 (17.9%) were seropositive, while 29 (2.3%) tested positive for the SARS-CoV-2 PCR test. Sixty percent of symptomatic cases with a negative PCR were found to be seropositive. The mean level of IgM was significantly higher in PCR-positive and symptomatic subjects, whereas the recovered cases showed significantly higher levels of IgG. CONCLUSION Our study revealed an inconsistency of results between the two tests; therefore, although application of serological assays alone seems insufficient in diagnosing COVID-19 disease, the findings are beneficial in the comprehension and the management of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Hassanmirzaei
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
- Iran Football Medical Assessment and Rehabilitation Center (IFMARC), Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Zohreh Haratian
- Iran Football Medical Assessment and Rehabilitation Center (IFMARC), Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Ali Ahmadzadeh Amiri
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Amir Ahmadzadeh Amiri
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Navid Moghadam
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
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11
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Thompson-Bonilla MDR, León JA, Cárdenas-Turrent MB, Peña-Thompson A, Hanessian-De la Garza D, Zavala-Vega S, Xicohtencatl-Cortes J, Ochoa SA, Cruz-Córdova A, Arellano-Galindo J. Features of antibody responses after SARS-COV-2 infection in healthcare workers in the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico City. J Int Med Res 2022; 50:3000605221099458. [PMID: 35879824 PMCID: PMC9340344 DOI: 10.1177/03000605221099458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 and identify associated
factors in frontline and second-line healthcare workers (HCWs) at a large
hospital in Mexico City during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of HCWs returning to work following
mandatory isolation after recovering from COVID-19. Immunoglobulin (Ig) M
and IgG antibodies elicited by SARS-CoV-2 were semiquantitatively measured
using densitometric analysis of band intensities in lateral flow assay (LFA)
devices. The mean pixel intensity (dots-per-inch [dpi]) of each band on the
LFA was considered a measure of antibody titre. Results Of the 111 HCWs involved in the study, antibody responses were detected in
73/111 (66%) participants. Severe COVID symptoms was associated with old
age. No differences in IgM intensity were observed between men and women,
but IgG intensity was significantly higher in men than in women. Second-line
HCWs produced a higher IgG intensity than firstline HCWs. The IgG intensity
was high in severe cases. Conclusions For HCWs who may acquire SARS-CoV-2 infection, it is necessary to establish a
routine program for detection of the virus to avoid risk of infection and
spread of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Del Rocío Thompson-Bonilla
- Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Hospital Regional "1° de Ocutbre", Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado (ISSSTE), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge A León
- Scientific Management of KPC Biotech. California, USA
| | | | - Alba Peña-Thompson
- Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Hospital Regional "1° de Ocutbre", Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado (ISSSTE), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Sergio Zavala-Vega
- Laboratorio de Neuropatología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía. Manuel Velasco Suarez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Xicohtencatl-Cortes
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sara A Ochoa
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ariadnna Cruz-Córdova
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Arellano-Galindo
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Laboratorio de Virología Clínica y Experimental, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
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12
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Markovic-Denic L, Zdravkovic M, Ercegovac M, Djukic V, Nikolic V, Cujic D, Micic D, Pekmezovic T. Seroprevalence in health care workers during the later phase of the second wave: Results of three hospitals in Serbia, prior to vaccine administration. J Infect Public Health 2022; 15:739-745. [PMID: 35691217 PMCID: PMC9130304 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2022.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the COVID-19 pandemic has started, Serbia has faced problems in implementing proper public health measures in the population, including non-pharmaceutical interventions, as well as protecting health care workers (HCWs) from disease, like all other countries. This study aimed to estimate COVID-19 seroprevalence and evaluate the risk perception of COVID-19 among HCWs in three different hospitals in Belgrade, Serbia: non-COVID hospital, Emergency Center (EC), and dedicated COVID hospital. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in three hospitals during the second wave of the outbreak in Serbia, from June to early October. All staff in these hospitals were invited to voluntarily participate in blood sampling for IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and questionnaire testing. The questionnaire included socio-demographic characteristics, known exposure to COVID-19 positive persons, previous signs and symptoms related to COVID-19 infection since the outbreak had started in our country, and SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing. RESULTS The overall prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibody among 1580 HCWs was 18.3 % [95 % CI 16.4-20.3 %]. Significantly higher prevalence of HCWs with positive results for the serum IgG antibody test was observed in COVID hospital (28.6 %, 95 %CI: 24.0-33.6 %) vs. prevalence in the EC (12.6 %, 95 %CI: 10.1-15.4 %), and in the non-COVID hospital (18.3 %, 95 %CI: 15.2-26.7 %). The prevalence adjusted for declared test sensitivity and specificity would be 16.8 %; that is 27.4 % in COVID-19 hospital, 10.9 % in EC, and 16.8 % in non-COVID hospital. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, the independent predictors for seropositivity were working in COVID-hospital, the profession of physician, and the presence of the following symptoms: fever, shortness of breath, and anosmia/ageusia. CONCLUSIONS We found an overall seropositivity rate of 18.3 % and 16.0 % of the adjusted rate that is higher than seroprevalence obtained in similar studies conducted before vaccinations started. The possibility that patients in non-COVID dedicated hospitals might also be infectious, although PCR tested, imposes the need for the use of personal protective equipment also in non-COVID medical institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ljiljana Markovic-Denic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia; Institute of Epidemiology, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Marija Zdravkovic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia; University Medical Center Bezanijska kosa, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marko Ercegovac
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia; Emergency Center of the Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Djukic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia; Clinical Centre dr Dragisa Misovic, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Nikolic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia; Institute of Epidemiology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danica Cujic
- University of Belgrade, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy INEP, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dusan Micic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia; Emergency Center of the Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Pekmezovic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia; Institute of Epidemiology, Belgrade, Serbia
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13
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Paduano S, Galante P, Berselli N, Ugolotti L, Modenese A, Poggi A, Malavolti M, Turchi S, Marchesi I, Vivoli R, Perlini P, Bellucci R, Gobba F, Vinceti M, Filippini T, Bargellini A. Seroprevalence Survey of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in a Population of Emilia-Romagna Region, Northern Italy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19137882. [PMID: 35805539 PMCID: PMC9266015 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Italy was the first Western European country to be severely hit by the COVID-19 pandemic. Variations in seroprevalence rates were reported according to geographical and temporal differences of previous surveys, as well as depending on demographic and occupational factors. In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated the prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in a population of the Emilia-Romagna region in Northern Italy after the first wave in the period from 26 September 2020−26 March 2021. We included 5128 subjects who voluntarily underwent serological tests to determine anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody positivity, including both self-referred individuals (24.2%) and workers adhering to company screening programs (76.8%). Overall, seroprevalence was 11.3%, higher in self-referred (13.8%) than employed-referred (10.5%) individuals. A slightly higher seroprevalence emerged in women compared to men (12.3% and 10.7%), as well as in the extreme age categories (18.6% for 60−69 years, 18.0% for ≥70 years, and 17.1% for <20 years compared to 7.6% for 20−39 years). Healthcare professionals showed the highest prevalence of seropositivity (22.9%), followed by workers in direct contact with customers, such as the communication, finance, and tourism sectors (15.7%). Overall subgroups seroprevalence increased compared to the first wave data but the trends agreed between the first and subsequent waves, except for an increase in the younger age group and in the sector in direct contact with customers. Among the occupational categories, our study confirms that healthcare workers and workers in the sports sector were at high risk of exposure to SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Paduano
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (P.G.); (N.B.); (L.U.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (M.M.); (S.T.); (I.M.); (F.G.); (M.V.); (T.F.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-059-205-5472
| | - Pasquale Galante
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (P.G.); (N.B.); (L.U.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (M.M.); (S.T.); (I.M.); (F.G.); (M.V.); (T.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Nausicaa Berselli
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (P.G.); (N.B.); (L.U.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (M.M.); (S.T.); (I.M.); (F.G.); (M.V.); (T.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Luca Ugolotti
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (P.G.); (N.B.); (L.U.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (M.M.); (S.T.); (I.M.); (F.G.); (M.V.); (T.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Alberto Modenese
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (P.G.); (N.B.); (L.U.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (M.M.); (S.T.); (I.M.); (F.G.); (M.V.); (T.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Alessandro Poggi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (P.G.); (N.B.); (L.U.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (M.M.); (S.T.); (I.M.); (F.G.); (M.V.); (T.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Marcella Malavolti
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (P.G.); (N.B.); (L.U.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (M.M.); (S.T.); (I.M.); (F.G.); (M.V.); (T.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Sara Turchi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (P.G.); (N.B.); (L.U.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (M.M.); (S.T.); (I.M.); (F.G.); (M.V.); (T.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Isabella Marchesi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (P.G.); (N.B.); (L.U.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (M.M.); (S.T.); (I.M.); (F.G.); (M.V.); (T.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Roberto Vivoli
- Test Laboratory, 41100 Modena, Italy; (R.V.); (P.P.); (R.B.)
| | - Paola Perlini
- Test Laboratory, 41100 Modena, Italy; (R.V.); (P.P.); (R.B.)
| | | | - Fabriziomaria Gobba
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (P.G.); (N.B.); (L.U.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (M.M.); (S.T.); (I.M.); (F.G.); (M.V.); (T.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Marco Vinceti
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (P.G.); (N.B.); (L.U.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (M.M.); (S.T.); (I.M.); (F.G.); (M.V.); (T.F.); (A.B.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Tommaso Filippini
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (P.G.); (N.B.); (L.U.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (M.M.); (S.T.); (I.M.); (F.G.); (M.V.); (T.F.); (A.B.)
- School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
| | - Annalisa Bargellini
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (P.G.); (N.B.); (L.U.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (M.M.); (S.T.); (I.M.); (F.G.); (M.V.); (T.F.); (A.B.)
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14
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Fromberg D, Ank N, Nielsen HL. COVID-19 contact tracing in the hospitals located in the North Denmark region: A retrospective review. J Infect Prev 2022; 23:228-234. [PMID: 36003129 PMCID: PMC9207588 DOI: 10.1177/17571774221107754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Department of Infection Control, at our University Hospital conducted contact
tracing of COVID-19 positive patients and staff members at all hospitals in the North
Denmark Region. Aim To describe the contact tracing performed during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Region
and its outcomes. Methods Data from each contact tracing were collected prospectively during 14 May 2020–26 May
2021. Data included information about the index case (patient or hospital staff member),
presentation (asymptomatic vs symptomatic), probable source of transmission
(community-acquired or hospital-acquired), number of close contacts and if any of these
were SARS-CoV-2 PCR-test positive. Findings 362 contact tracing were performed. A total of 573 COVID-19 positive cases were
identified among 171 (30%) patients and 402 (70%) staff members. 192 (34%) of all cases
were tested due to symptoms of COVID-19, whereas two-third were tested for other reasons
including outbreak and systematic screening tests. A total of 1575 close contacts were
identified, including 225 (14%) patients and 1350 (86%) staff members. 100 (6%) close
contacts, including 24 patients and 76 staff members, were infected with SARS-CoV-2, of
which 33 (43%) staff members was positive at day 0 i.e. the same day as being identified
as close contacts. Discussion We found a three to one of close contacts to each index case, but only 6% became
SARS-CoV-2 positive, with a surprisingly high number of those identified at day 0. Our
data confirm that regular testing of patients and staff will identify asymptomatic
carriers and thereby prevent new cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorte Fromberg
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Nina Ank
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Hans L Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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15
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Igawa G, Ai T, Yamamoto T, Ito K, Nojiri S, Saito K, Wakita M, Fukuda H, Hori S, Misawa S, Miida T, Seyama K, Takahashi K, Tabe Y, Naito T. Antibody response and seroprevalence in healthcare workers after the BNT162b2 vaccination in a University Hospital at Tokyo. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8707. [PMID: 35610464 PMCID: PMC9127282 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12809-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2020, we reported a low seroprevalence of N-specific antibodies in 4147 health care workers (HCWs) at a frontline hospital in Tokyo, Japan. In Japan, a vaccine campaign was launched in early 2021. We re-evaluated seroprevalences of N- and S-specific antibodies in 2202 HCWs who took two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine. In 2021, N-specific seroprevalence remains as low as 1.59%. The seroprevalences were comparable among all HCWs regardless of exposure levels. Almost all of the HCWs elicited S-specific antibodies after vaccination. However, the HCWs who had COVID-19 elicited higher S-specific antibody titers than those who did not have COVID-19. In the HCWs without a history of COVID-19, 1.1% (23 out of 2185) were seropositive with N-specific antibodies, indicating the existence of asymptomatic infections. Also, S-specific antibody titers were higher in females and younger HCWs, and in those who had severe side effects. However, S-specific antibody titers were lower depending on the number of days after the second dose of vaccination specifically in elderly individuals. In conclusion, this study indicates N-specific seroprevalence remains low in HCWs at a frontline hospital in Tokyo. The mRNA vaccine elicited S-specific antibody in HCWs, however, the titers decreased as the days proceeded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gene Igawa
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Juntendo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Ai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-2, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Takamasa Yamamoto
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Juntendo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kanami Ito
- Department of Safety and Health Promotion, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuko Nojiri
- Medical Technology Innovation Center, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Saito
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-2, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Wakita
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Juntendo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fukuda
- Department of Safety and Health Promotion, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of General Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hori
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Infection Control Unit, Juntendo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Infection Control Science, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeki Misawa
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Juntendo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Miida
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-2, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Seyama
- Department of Safety and Health Promotion, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of General Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Takahashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Research Support Utilizing Bioresource Bank, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Tabe
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-2, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
- Department of Research Support Utilizing Bioresource Bank, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Toshio Naito
- Department of Safety and Health Promotion, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of General Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Research Support Utilizing Bioresource Bank, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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da Silva Torres MK, Lopes FT, de Lima ACR, Lima CNC, Dos Santos Brito WR, Dos Santos BC, de Sousa RS, Gomes JLC, Botelho BJS, Correa ACA, Machado LFA, Feitosa RNM, Lima SS, Vallinoto IMVC, Vallinoto ACR. Seroprevalence and risk factors for COVID-19 in the metropolis of the Brazilian Amazon. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8571. [PMID: 35595782 PMCID: PMC9122246 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12629-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The devastating effect of health system overload was observed after cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) peaked in April 2020 in Belém, a capital metropolis in the Brazilian Amazon. Our results showed a high seroprevalence (39.24%) of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies among the population of the capital of the state of Pará after the first wave of the pandemic. Old age, mixed race, a high school education level, low income and contact with infected individuals are risk factors and may be driving seropositivity and exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in this population. This study is one of the first to provide important information to understand the socioeconomic inequalities, behavioral characteristics and viral transmission dynamics associated with the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the capital of the state of Pará, northern Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Karoliny da Silva Torres
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal Do Pará-UFPA), Belém, Pará, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Belém, Brazil
| | - Felipe Teixeira Lopes
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal Do Pará-UFPA), Belém, Pará, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Belém, Brazil
| | - Aline Cecy Rocha de Lima
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal Do Pará-UFPA), Belém, Pará, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Belém, Brazil
| | - Carlos Neandro Cordeiro Lima
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal Do Pará-UFPA), Belém, Pará, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Belém, Brazil
| | - Wandrey Roberto Dos Santos Brito
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal Do Pará-UFPA), Belém, Pará, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Belém, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Cintra Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal Do Pará-UFPA), Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Renata Santos de Sousa
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal Do Pará-UFPA), Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Jayanne Lilian Carvalho Gomes
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal Do Pará-UFPA), Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Bruno José Sarmento Botelho
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal Do Pará-UFPA), Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Alves Correa
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal Do Pará-UFPA), Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando A Machado
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal Do Pará-UFPA), Belém, Pará, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Belém, Brazil
| | - Rosimar Neris Martins Feitosa
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal Do Pará-UFPA), Belém, Pará, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Belém, Brazil
| | - Sandra Souza Lima
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal Do Pará-UFPA), Belém, Pará, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Belém, Brazil
| | - Izaura Maria Vieira Cayres Vallinoto
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal Do Pará-UFPA), Belém, Pará, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Belém, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos R Vallinoto
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal Do Pará-UFPA), Belém, Pará, Brazil. .,Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Belém, Brazil.
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17
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Pierson-Marchandise M, Castelain S, Chevalier C, Brochot E, Schmit JL, Diouf M, Ganry O, Gignon M. Hospital-wide SARS-CoV-2 antibody screening of 4840 staff members in a University Medical Center in France: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e047010. [PMID: 35545377 PMCID: PMC9096052 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Healthcare workers are more likely to be infected by SARS-CoV-2. In order to assess the infectious risk associated with working in a hospital, we sought to estimate the proportion of healthcare professionals infected with SARS-CoV-2 by screening staff in a University Medical Center in France. SETTING A hospital-wide screening campaign (comprising a serological test and a questionnaire) ran from 18 May to 26 July 2020. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES The seroprevalence rate was analysed in a multivariate analysis according to sociodemographic variables (age, sex and profession), exposure to SARS-CoV-2 and symptoms. RESULTS A total of 4840 professionals were included, corresponding to 74.5% of the centre's staff. The seroprevalence rate (95% CI) was 9.7% (7.0% to 12.4%). Contact with a confirmed case of COVID-19 was significantly associated with seropositivity (OR (95% CI: 1.43, (1.15 to 1.78)). The seroprevalence rate was significantly higher among nursing assistants (17.6%) than among other healthcare professionals. The following symptoms were predictive of COVID-19: anosmia (OR (95% CI): 1.55, (1.49 to 1.62)), ageusia (1.21, (1.16 to 1.27)), fever (1.15, (1.12 to 1.18)), myalgia (1.03, (1.01 to 1.06)) and headache (1.03, (1.01 to 1.04)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Pierson-Marchandise
- Department of Preventions, Risks, Medical Information and Epidemiology, CHU Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Sandrine Castelain
- Department of Virology, CHU Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France
- AGIR Research Unit, EA 4294, Amiens University, Amiens, France
| | - Cassandra Chevalier
- Department of Preventions, Risks, Medical Information and Epidemiology, CHU Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Etienne Brochot
- Department of Virology, CHU Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France
- AGIR Research Unit, EA 4294, Amiens University, Amiens, France
| | - Jean-Luc Schmit
- AGIR Research Unit, EA 4294, Amiens University, Amiens, France
- Infectious Disease, CHU Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Momar Diouf
- Department of Statistics, University Hospital Centre Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Olivier Ganry
- Department of Preventions, Risks, Medical Information and Epidemiology, CHU Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Maxime Gignon
- Department of Preventions, Risks, Medical Information and Epidemiology, CHU Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France
- CRP CPO, Amiens University, Amiens, France
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18
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Long-Lasting Olfactory Dysfunction in Hospital Workers Due to COVID-19: Prevalence, Clinical Characteristics, and Most Affected Odorants. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095777. [PMID: 35565169 PMCID: PMC9105378 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Hospital workers have increased exposure risk of healthcare-associated infections due to the frontline nature of their work. Olfactory dysfunction is highly prevalent. The objectives for this investigation are to study the prevalence of long-lasting olfactory dysfunction associated with COVID-19 infection in hospital workers during the first pandemic wave, to identify clinical characteristics and associated symptomatology, and to analyze how many patients with COVID-19 infection had developed olfactory dysfunction during infection and maintained a reduced olfactory function for approximately 10 weeks after diagnosis. Between June and July of 2020, a cross-sectional study was carried out at the Hospital Central de la Cruz Roja San José and Santa Adela in Madrid, Spain. One hundred sixty-four participants were included, of which 110 were patient-facing healthcare staff and 54 were non-patient-facing healthcare staff. Participants were split into three groups, according to COVID-19 diagnosis and presence of COVID-19 related olfactory symptomatology. Participants were asked to complete a structured online questionnaire along with Sniffin' Stick Olfactory Test measurements. In this study, 88 participants were confirmed for COVID-19 infection, 59 of those participants also reported olfactory symptomatology. The prevalence of COVID-19 infection was 11.35%, and the prevalence for olfactory dysfunction was 67.05%. Olfactory dysfunction associated with COVID-19 infection leads to long-lasting olfactory loss. Objective assessment with Sniffin' Stick Olfactory Test points to odor identification as the most affected process. Lemon, liquorice, solvent, and rose are the odors that are worst recognized. Mint, banana, solvent, garlic, coffee, and pineapple, although they are identified, are perceived with less intensity. The findings of this study confirmed a high prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among the hospital workers.
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19
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Peremiquel-Trillas P, Saura-Lázaro A, Benavente-Moreno Y, Casabonne D, Loureiro E, Cabrera S, Duran A, Garrote L, Brao I, Trelis J, Galán M, Soler F, Julià J, Cortasa D, Domínguez MÁ, Albasanz-Puig A, Gudiol C, Ramírez-Tarruella D, Muniesa J, Rivas JP, Muñoz-Montplet C, Sedano A, Plans À, Calvo-Cerrada B, Calle C, Clopés A, Carnicer-Pont D, Alemany L, Fernández E. COVID-19 among workers of a comprehensive cancer centre between first and second epidemic waves (2020): a seroprevalence study in Catalonia, Spain. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e056637. [PMID: 35450905 PMCID: PMC9023852 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients with cancer are at higher risk for severe COVID-19 infection. COVID-19 surveillance of workers in oncological centres is crucial to assess infection burden and prevent transmission. We estimate the SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among healthcare workers (HCWs) of a comprehensive cancer centre in Catalonia, Spain, and analyse its association with sociodemographic characteristics, exposure factors and behaviours. DESIGN Cross-sectional study (21 May 2020-26 June 2020). SETTING A comprehensive cancer centre (Institut Català d'Oncologia) in Catalonia, Spain. PARTICIPANTS All HCWs (N=1969) were invited to complete an online self-administered epidemiological survey and provide a blood sample for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies detection. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE Prevalence (%) and 95% CIs of seropositivity together with adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) and 95% CI were estimated. RESULTS A total of 1266 HCWs filled the survey (participation rate: 64.0%) and 1238 underwent serological testing (97.8%). The median age was 43.7 years (p25-p75: 34.8-51.0 years), 76.0% were female, 52.0% were nursing or medical staff and 79.0% worked on-site during the pandemic period. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was 8.9% (95% CI 7.44% to 10.63%), with no differences by age and sex. No significant differences in terms of seroprevalence were observed between onsite workers and teleworkers. Seropositivity was associated with living with a person with COVID-19 (aPR 3.86, 95% CI 2.49 to 5.98). Among on-site workers, seropositive participants were twofold more likely to be nursing or medical staff. Nursing and medical staff working in a COVID-19 area showed a higher seroprevalence than other staff (aPR 2.45, 95% CI 1.08 to 5.52). CONCLUSIONS At the end of the first wave of the pandemic in Spain, SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among Institut Català d'Oncologia HCW was lower than the reported in other Spanish hospitals. The main risk factors were sharing household with infected people and contact with COVID-19 patients and colleagues. Strengthening preventive measures and health education among HCW is fundamental.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Peremiquel-Trillas
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Department, Institut Català d'Oncologia (ICO), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Epidemiology and Public Health Programme, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- School of Medicine and Clinical Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Anna Saura-Lázaro
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Department, Institut Català d'Oncologia (ICO), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Epidemiology and Public Health Programme, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Yolanda Benavente-Moreno
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Department, Institut Català d'Oncologia (ICO), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Epidemiology and Public Health Programme, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Delphine Casabonne
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Department, Institut Català d'Oncologia (ICO), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Epidemiology and Public Health Programme, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Loureiro
- Computer Science Services, Technology & Physics, Institut Català d'Oncologia (ICO), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Computational Science and Artificial Intelligence, Schoolof Computer Science of Coruña, University of Coruña (UDC), Coruña, Spain
| | - Sandra Cabrera
- Research Nursing Department, Institut Català d'Oncologia (ICO), Badalona, Spain
| | - Angela Duran
- Nursing Department, Institut Català d'Oncologia (ICO), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Lidia Garrote
- Nursing Department, Institut Català d'Oncologia, Badalona, Spain
| | - Immaculada Brao
- Nursing Department, Institut Català d'Oncologia (ICO), Girona, Spain
| | - Jordi Trelis
- School of Medicine and Clinical Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Palliative Care Department and Medical Director, Institut Català d'Oncologia (ICO), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Maica Galán
- Esofagogastric Tumours Functional Unit and Medical Director, Institut Català d'Oncologia (ICO), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Francesc Soler
- Pharmacy Service and Medical Director, Institut Català d'Oncologia (ICO), Girona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Julià
- Palliative Care Department and Medical Director, Institut Català d'Oncologia (ICO), Badalona, Spain
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolça Cortasa
- Medical Director, Institut català d'Oncologia, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Maria Ángeles Domínguez
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Infectious Diseases Programme, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Department of Pathology Experimental Therapeutics, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hosìtalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Adaia Albasanz-Puig
- Infectious Disease Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Infectious Disease Unit, Institut català d'Oncologia (ICO), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- CIBER of Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlota Gudiol
- Infectious Disease Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Infectious Disease Unit, Institut català d'Oncologia (ICO), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- CIBER of Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Joan Muniesa
- Computer Science Services, Technology & Physics, Institut Català d'Oncologia (ICO), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Juan Pedro Rivas
- Computer Science Services, Technology & Physics, Institut Català d'Oncologia (ICO), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Carles Muñoz-Montplet
- Computer Science Services, Technology & Physics, Institut Català d'Oncologia (ICO), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Medical Physics and Radiation Protection Department, Institut Català d'Oncologia (ICO), Girona, Spain
- Department of Medical Sciences, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Ana Sedano
- Human Resources Department, Institut Català d'Oncologia (ICO), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Àngel Plans
- Occupational Health Unit, Institut Català d'Oncologia (ICO), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Beatriz Calvo-Cerrada
- Occupational Health Unit, Institut Català d'Oncologia (ICO), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Candela Calle
- General Direction, Institut Català d'Oncologia (ICO), L'Hospìtalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Ana Clopés
- Scientific Direction, Institut Català d'Oncologia (ICO), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Dolors Carnicer-Pont
- Epidemiology and Public Health Programme, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Cancer Prevention and Control Programme, Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Department, Institut català d'Oncologia (ICO), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
- WHO Collaborating Center for Tobacco Control, Institut català d'Oncologia (ICO), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Laia Alemany
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Department, Institut Català d'Oncologia (ICO), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Epidemiology and Public Health Programme, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Esteve Fernández
- Epidemiology and Public Health Programme, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- School of Medicine and Clinical Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Cancer Prevention and Control Programme, Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Department, Institut català d'Oncologia (ICO), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
- WHO Collaborating Center for Tobacco Control, Institut català d'Oncologia (ICO), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
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20
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Kebede F, Kebede T, Gizaw T. Predictors for adult COVID-19 hospitalized inpatient mortality rate in North West Ethiopia. SAGE Open Med 2022; 10:20503121221081756. [PMID: 35284076 PMCID: PMC8905194 DOI: 10.1177/20503121221081756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in Ethiopia is below par understood and to date has been poorly characterized by a lower number of confirmed cases and deaths to other regions of the sub-Sahara African including Ethiopia. Timely and effective predictors for inpatient mortality rate were crucial for improving the management of hospitalized cases. This study aimed to assessed predictors for inpatient mortality of COVID-19 hospitalized adult patients in two diagnosed and treatment centers, North West Ethiopia. Methods: A facility-based retrospective cohort study was conducted among COVID-19 adult admitted cases in two treatment centers, Northwest Ethiopia, from 1 October 2020 to 30 December 2020. Data from the records of children were extracted using a standardized checklist. Epi-Data version 3.2 was used for data entry, and Stata version 14 was used for analysis. Bi-variable and multivariable Cox regression analyses were conducted to identify predictors of mortality. Finally, variables with P < 0.05 were a significant predictor of inpatient mortality. Result: The mean (±standard deviation) age of participant cases was 48.6 (±18.8) years. The median (±interquartile range) time for death reported after was 13 (±6) days. The overall incidence rate inpatient mortality rate was determined as 1.8 (95% confidence interval: 1.72, 2.15) per100 person per days of observation. Cases at baseline age ⩾ 61 years (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.56; 95% confidence interval: 1.3, 2.4), being male gender (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.9; 95% CI: 2.1, 8.6), admission with comorbidity (adjusted hazard ratio: 4.4, 95% confidence interval: 2.3, 8.4), and decreased neutrophil count ⩽ 65 103/uL at (P < 0.03) were independent predictors for inpatient mortality. Conclusion: In general, 72.4% of COVID-19 inpatient deaths were occurred within 2 weeks after admission. The mortality risk factors for severe patients identified in this study using a multivariate Cox regression model included elderly age (⩾60 years), being male, baseline comorbidity, and neutrophil count ⩽65 103/uL were associated with inpatient mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fassikaw Kebede
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatics, School of Public Health, College of Health Science, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
| | - Tsehay Kebede
- Department of Geography and Environmental Study, Faculty of Social Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Tilahun Gizaw
- Department of Psychiatrics, School of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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21
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Ng CYH, Lim NA, Bao LXY, Quek AML, Seet RCS. Mitigating SARS-CoV-2 Transmission in Hospitals: A Systematic Literature Review. Public Health Rev 2022; 43:1604572. [PMID: 35296115 PMCID: PMC8906284 DOI: 10.3389/phrs.2022.1604572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Hospital outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2 infection are dreaded but preventable catastrophes. We review the literature to examine the pattern of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in hospitals and identify potential vulnerabilities to mitigate the risk of infection. Methods: Three electronic databases (PubMed, Embase and Scopus) were searched from inception to July 27, 2021 for publications reporting SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks in hospital. Relevant articles and grey literature reports were hand-searched. Results: Twenty-seven articles that described 35 SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks were included. Despite epidemiological investigations, the primary case could not be identified in 37% of outbreaks. Healthcare workers accounted for 40% of primary cases (doctors 17%, followed by ancillary staff 11%). Mortality among infected patients was approximately 15%. By contrast, none of the infected HCWs died. Several concerning patterns were identified, including infections involving ancillary staff and healthcare worker infections from the community and household contacts. Conclusion: Continuous efforts to train-retrain and enforce correct personal protective equipment use and regular routine screening tests (especially among ancillary staff) are necessary to stem future hospital outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chester Yan Hao Ng
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicole-Ann Lim
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lena X. Y. Bao
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amy M. L. Quek
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Raymond C. S. Seet
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- *Correspondence: Raymond C. S. Seet,
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22
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Talaei M, Faustini S, Holt H, Jolliffe DA, Vivaldi G, Greenig M, Perdek N, Maltby S, Bigogno CM, Symons J, Davies GA, Lyons RA, Griffiths CJ, Kee F, Sheikh A, Richter AG, Shaheen SO, Martineau AR. Determinants of pre-vaccination antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2: a population-based longitudinal study (COVIDENCE UK). BMC Med 2022; 20:87. [PMID: 35189888 PMCID: PMC8860623 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02286-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prospective population-based studies investigating multiple determinants of pre-vaccination antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 are lacking. METHODS We did a prospective population-based study in SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-naive UK adults recruited between May 1 and November 2, 2020, without a positive swab test result for SARS-CoV-2 prior to enrolment. Information on 88 potential sociodemographic, behavioural, nutritional, clinical and pharmacological risk factors was obtained through online questionnaires, and combined IgG/IgA/IgM responses to SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein were determined in dried blood spots obtained between November 6, 2020, and April 18, 2021. We used logistic and linear regression to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and adjusted geometric mean ratios (aGMRs) for potential determinants of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity (all participants) and antibody titres (seropositive participants only), respectively. RESULTS Of 11,130 participants, 1696 (15.2%) were seropositive. Factors independently associated with higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity included frontline health/care occupation (aOR 1.86, 95% CI 1.48-2.33), international travel (1.20, 1.07-1.35), number of visits to shops and other indoor public places (≥ 5 vs. 0/week: 1.29, 1.06-1.57, P-trend = 0.01), body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 vs. < 25 kg/m2 (1.24, 1.11-1.39), South Asian vs. White ethnicity (1.65, 1.10-2.49) and alcohol consumption ≥15 vs. 0 units/week (1.23, 1.04-1.46). Light physical exercise associated with lower risk (0.80, 0.70-0.93, for ≥ 10 vs. 0-4 h/week). Among seropositive participants, higher titres of anti-Spike antibodies associated with factors including BMI ≥ 30 vs. < 25 kg/m2 (aGMR 1.10, 1.02-1.19), South Asian vs. White ethnicity (1.22, 1.04-1.44), frontline health/care occupation (1.24, 95% CI 1.11-1.39), international travel (1.11, 1.05-1.16) and number of visits to shops and other indoor public places (≥ 5 vs. 0/week: 1.12, 1.02-1.23, P-trend = 0.01); these associations were not substantially attenuated by adjustment for COVID-19 disease severity. CONCLUSIONS Higher alcohol consumption and lower light physical exercise represent new modifiable risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Recognised associations between South Asian ethnic origin and obesity and higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity were independent of other sociodemographic, behavioural, nutritional, clinical, and pharmacological factors investigated. Among seropositive participants, higher titres of anti-Spike antibodies in people of South Asian ancestry and in obese people were not explained by greater COVID-19 disease severity in these groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Talaei
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Sian Faustini
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Hayley Holt
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - David A Jolliffe
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Giulia Vivaldi
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Matthew Greenig
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Natalia Perdek
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Sheena Maltby
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Carola M Bigogno
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Gwyneth A Davies
- Population Data Science, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, UK
| | - Ronan A Lyons
- Population Data Science, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, UK
| | - Christopher J Griffiths
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Frank Kee
- Centre for Public Health Research (NI), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Aziz Sheikh
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alex G Richter
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Seif O Shaheen
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Adrian R Martineau
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
- Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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COVID-19 seroprevalence amongst healthcare workers: potential biases in estimating infection prevalence. Epidemiol Infect 2022; 150:e48. [PMID: 35184764 PMCID: PMC8914136 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268822000280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Knežević D, Petković M, Božić L, Miljuš N, Mijović B, Aćimović J, Djaković-Dević J, Puhalo-Sladoje D, Mašić S, Spaić D, Todorović N, Pilipović-Broćeta N, Petrović V, Bokonjić D, Stojiljković MP, Škrbić R. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among primary healthcare workers in the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia & Herzegovina: A cross-sectional study. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 2022; 69:18-26. [PMID: 35156939 DOI: 10.1556/030.2022.01706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Healthcare workers (HCW) in primary healthcare centres in the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, are on the first combat line with COVID-19. This study aimed to assess the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 among HCW at the primary healthcare centres and to analyse the risk exposure to COVID-19, clinical signs and vaccination status. A cross-sectional study was conducted among HCW at the selected primary healthcare centres between 19 March and 30 April 2021. Antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 virus were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A total of 1,023 HCW (mean age 45 years; 71% female) were included in the study. The anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were detected in 69.5% of all participants. There was a significant difference in seropositivity among primary healthcare centres from different geographical regions. As many as 432 (42%) of all participants had confirmed COVID-19 symptoms before the study and, 84.8% of them were seropositive. This study showed that 702 primary HCW were vaccinated with any of these vaccines: Sputnik V, Sinopharm, Pfizer/Biontech. High titre of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was found amongst those who received one (92.6%) or both (97.2%) doses of vaccines. In this study, we report high prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibody among HCW in primary healthcare in the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina during the third pandemic wave.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darija Knežević
- 1 University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Biomedical Research, Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Miroslav Petković
- 1 University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Biomedical Research, Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Ljiljana Božić
- 1 University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Biomedical Research, Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Nataša Miljuš
- 1 University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Biomedical Research, Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Biljana Mijović
- 2 University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Primary Health Care and Public Health, Foča, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Jela Aćimović
- 3 Public Health Institute of the Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Jelena Djaković-Dević
- 3 Public Health Institute of the Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Dragana Puhalo-Sladoje
- 4 University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Biomedical Research, Foča, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Srdjan Mašić
- 2 University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Primary Health Care and Public Health, Foča, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Dragan Spaić
- 2 University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Primary Health Care and Public Health, Foča, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Nevena Todorović
- 5 University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Medicine, Department for Family Medicine, Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Nataša Pilipović-Broćeta
- 5 University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Medicine, Department for Family Medicine, Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Verica Petrović
- 5 University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Medicine, Department for Family Medicine, Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Dejan Bokonjić
- 6 University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Foča, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Miloš P Stojiljković
- 1 University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Biomedical Research, Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Ranko Škrbić
- 1 University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Biomedical Research, Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Kebede F, Kebede T, Kebede B. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 ) IgG-antibody seroprevalence among quarantined population, during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic, In North West Ethiopia (from 30 April to 30 May 2020). SAGE Open Med 2022; 10:20503121221076931. [PMID: 35154744 PMCID: PMC8832578 DOI: 10.1177/20503121221076931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Ethiopia is below par understood and to date has been poorly characterized by a lower number of confirmed cases and deaths as compared with other regions of the Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. We aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG antibodies, using the Abbott anti-nucleocapsid IgG chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay, in two COVID-19 diagnosed and treatment centers of quarantined population during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (since 30 April–30 May 2020). Methods: We analyzed data of 446 quarantined individuals during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic. The data were collected using both interviewed and blood sample collection. Participants asked about demographic characteristics, COVID-19 infection symptoms, and its practice of preventive measures. Seroprevalence was determined using the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 IgG test. Results: The mean (± standard deviation) age of the respondent was 37.5 (±18.5) years. The estimated SARS-CoV-2 infection seroprevalence was found 4.7% (95% confidence interval: 3.1–6.2) with no significant difference on age and gender of participants. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 antibody seroprevalence was significantly associated with individuals who have been worked by moving from home to work area (adjusted odds ratio = 7.8, 95% confidence interval: 4.2–14.3, p < 0.019), not wearing masks (adjusted odds ratio = 2.4, 95% confidence interval: 1.9–3.8, p < 0.02), and baseline comorbidity (adjusted odds ratio = 6.3, 95% confidence interval: 2.3–17.1, p < 0.01) as compared to their counter groups, respectively. Conclusion: Our study concluded that lower coronavirus disease 2019 seroprevalence, yet the large population in the community to be infected and insignificant proportion of seroprevalence, was observed between age and sex of respondents. Protective measures like contact tracing, face covering, and social distancing are therefore vital to demote the risk of community—strengthening factors should be continued as effect modification of anticipation for severe course of coronavirus disease 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fassikaw Kebede
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Health Science, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
| | - Tsehay Kebede
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, College of Social Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Birhanu Kebede
- Pawe Woreda Agricultural Inpute and Production Team Leaders, Metekel Zone, Pawe Woreda, North West, Ethiopia
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Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Screening in Healthcare Workers and Its Correlation with Clinical Presentation in Tertiary Care Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal, from November 2020 to January 2021. Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis 2022; 2022:8515051. [PMID: 35116064 PMCID: PMC8805447 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8515051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antibody titer and the life span of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 have been found to be associated with the clinical presentation in individuals. The extent of exposure of healthcare workers and the general public to SARS-CoV-2 needs to be assessed to monitor the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, this study is an attempt in assessing the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody in health care workers. Methods This laboratory-based cross-sectional study was performed in Manmohan Memorial Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu from November 2020 to January 2021. A total of 185 HCWs were enrolled in this study. Their serum samples were screened for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, and a structured questionnaire was administered to collect further information. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody screening was performed using lateral flow immunoassay. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results Among 185 HCWs that participated in the study, 41 (22.2%) tested positive for the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody. Of these 41 HCWs, 37 tested positive for IgG only and 4 of them tested positive for both IgM and IgG antibodies. The presence of the previous history of SARS-CoV-2 infection (p < 0.001), the presence of flu-like symptoms within the last 6 months (p < 0.001), and the presence of positive contact history (p=0.002) were statistically significant with the presence of the antibody among HCWs. Conclusion Healthcare workers carry a high burden of SARS-CoV-2 infection and are at risk of acquiring infection from their workplace. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody screening among healthcare workers is highly recommended in multiple healthcare settings as it can help in monitoring transmission dynamics and evaluation of infection control policies.
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Sander I, Kespohl S, Zahradnik E, Göcke P, Hosbach I, Herrmann BL, Brüning T, Raulf M. Quantitative measurement of IgG to SARS-CoV-2 antigens using monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Clin Transl Immunology 2022; 11:e1369. [PMID: 35127087 PMCID: PMC8801209 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Standardised quantitative analysis of the humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 antigens may be useful for estimating the extent and duration of immunity. The aim was to develop enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for the quantification of human IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 antigens. METHODS Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were developed based on monoclonal antibodies against human IgG and recombinant SARS-CoV-2 antigens (Spike-S1 and Nucleocapsid). The WHO 67/086 immunoglobulin and WHO 20/136 SARS-CoV-2 references were used for standardisation. Sera of a study group of COVID-19-positive subjects (n = 144), pre-pandemic controls (n = 135) and individuals vaccinated with BioNTech-Pfizer BNT162b2 vaccine (n = 48) were analysed. The study group sera were also tested using EuroImmun SARS-CoV-2-ELISAs and a quantitative S1-specific fluorescence enzyme immunoassay (FEIA) from Thermo Fisher. RESULTS The ELISA results were repeatable and traceable to international units because of their parallelism to both WHO references. In the study group, median anti-S1-IgG concentrations were 102 BAU mL-1, compared to 100 and 1457 BAU mL-1 in the vaccination group after first and second vaccination, respectively. The ELISAs achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.965 (S1) and 0.955 (Nucleocapsid) in receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, and a specificity of 1 (S1) and 0.963 (Nucleocapsid) and sensitivity of 0.903 (S1) and 0.833 (Nucleocapsid) at the maximum Youden index. In comparison, the commercial assays (S1-FEIA, S1 and Nucleocapsid ELISA EuroImmun) achieved sensitivities of 0.764, 0.875 and 0.882 in the study group, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The quantitative ELISAs to measure IgG binding to SARS-CoV-2 antigens have good analytical and clinical performance characteristics and units traceable to international standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Sander
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident InsuranceInstitute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA)BochumGermany
| | - Sabine Kespohl
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident InsuranceInstitute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA)BochumGermany
| | - Eva Zahradnik
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident InsuranceInstitute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA)BochumGermany
| | - Philipp Göcke
- Practice for Laboratory Medicine and Microbiology BochumBochumGermany
| | - Ingolf Hosbach
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident InsuranceInstitute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA)BochumGermany
- BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil BochumBochumGermany
| | | | - Thomas Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident InsuranceInstitute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA)BochumGermany
| | - Monika Raulf
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident InsuranceInstitute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA)BochumGermany
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Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels and kinetics of vaccine response: potential role for unresolved inflammation following recovery from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Sci Rep 2022; 12:385. [PMID: 35013457 PMCID: PMC8749002 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04344-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune response after SARS-CoV-2 vaccine administration appears to be characterized by high inter-individual variation, even in SARS-CoV-2 positive subjects, who could have experienced different post-infection, unresolved conditions. We monitored anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels and kinetics along with circulating biomarkers in a cohort of 175 healthcare workers during early immunization with COVID-19 mRNA-LNP BNT162b2 vaccine, to identify the associated factors. Subjects with a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection were characterized by higher BMI and CRP levels and lower neutrophil count with respect to naïve subjects. Baseline IgG levels resulted associated with CRP independently on BMI and inflammatory diseases. Among 137 subjects undergoing vaccination and monitored after the first and the second dose, three kinetic patterns were identified. The pattern showing a rapid growth was characterized by higher IgG levels at baseline and higher CRP and MCHC levels than negative subjects. Subjects previously exposed to SARS-CoV-2 showed higher levels of CRP, suggesting persistence of unresolved inflammation. These levels are the main determinant of IgG levels at baseline and characterized subjects belonging to the best performing, post-vaccine antibody kinetic pattern.
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Kotsiou OS, Papagiannis D, Fradelos EC, Siachpazidou DI, Perlepe G, Miziou A, Kyritsis A, Vavougios GD, Kalantzis G, Gourgoulianis KI. Defining Antibody Seroprevalence and Duration of Humoral Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and/or Vaccination in a Greek Community. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:407. [PMID: 35010667 PMCID: PMC8744770 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this work, we aimed to evaluate antibody-response longevity to SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or vaccination in one of the Greek communities that was worst hit by the pandemic, Deskati, five months after a previous serosurveillance and nine months after the pandemic wave initiation (October 2020). METHODS The SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant method (Architect, Abbott, IL, USA) was used for antibody testing. RESULTS A total of 69 subjects, who previously tested positive or negative for COVID-19 antibodies, participated in the study. We found that 48% of participants turned positive due to vaccination. 27% of participants were both previously infected and vaccinated. However, all previously infected participants retained antibodies to the virus, irrespective of their vaccination status. The antibody titers were significantly higher in previously infected participants that had been vaccinated than those who were unvaccinated and in those that had been previously hospitalized for COVID-19 than those with mild disease. CONCLUSIONS Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection were maintained nine months after the pandemic. Vaccination alone had generated an immune response in almost half of the population. Higher antibody titers were found in the case of vaccination in previously infected subjects and especially in those with severe disease leading to hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ourania S. Kotsiou
- Faculty of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Gaiopolis, 41110 Larissa, Greece;
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (D.I.S.); (G.P.); (A.M.); (A.K.); (G.D.V.); (G.K.); (K.I.G.)
| | - Dimitrios Papagiannis
- Public Health & Vaccines Lab, Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Gaiopolis, 41110 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Evangelos C. Fradelos
- Faculty of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Gaiopolis, 41110 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Dimitra I. Siachpazidou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (D.I.S.); (G.P.); (A.M.); (A.K.); (G.D.V.); (G.K.); (K.I.G.)
| | - Garifallia Perlepe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (D.I.S.); (G.P.); (A.M.); (A.K.); (G.D.V.); (G.K.); (K.I.G.)
| | - Angeliki Miziou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (D.I.S.); (G.P.); (A.M.); (A.K.); (G.D.V.); (G.K.); (K.I.G.)
| | - Athanasios Kyritsis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (D.I.S.); (G.P.); (A.M.); (A.K.); (G.D.V.); (G.K.); (K.I.G.)
| | - George D. Vavougios
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (D.I.S.); (G.P.); (A.M.); (A.K.); (G.D.V.); (G.K.); (K.I.G.)
| | - Georgios Kalantzis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (D.I.S.); (G.P.); (A.M.); (A.K.); (G.D.V.); (G.K.); (K.I.G.)
| | - Konstantinos I. Gourgoulianis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (D.I.S.); (G.P.); (A.M.); (A.K.); (G.D.V.); (G.K.); (K.I.G.)
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Milazzo L, Pezzati L, Oreni L, Kullmann C, Lai A, Gabrieli A, Bestetti G, Beschi C, Conti F, Ottomano C, Gervasoni C, Meroni L, Galli M, Antinori S, Ridolfo AL. Impact of prior infection status on antibody response to the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in healthcare workers at a COVID-19 referral hospital in Milan, Italy. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:4747-4754. [PMID: 35086438 PMCID: PMC8862160 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.2002639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In Italy, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination campaign prioritized healthcare workers (HCWs) to receive two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine, irrespective of a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this real-life study, we compared the humoral response to BNT162b2 vaccine in HCWs with and without a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. Of the 407 HCWs enrolled, 334 (82.1%) were SARS-CoV-2-naive and 73 (17.9%) SARS-CoV-2-experienced. Post-vaccine humoral response was detectable in more than 98% of HCWs. Overall, the median level of anti-S IgG in SARS-COV-2-experienced HCWs was twice as high as those of SARS-CoV-2-naive subjects (24641.0 AU/mL [IQR: 15273.0->40000.0] versus 13053.8 [IQR: 7303.3-20105.8]; p < .001), irrespective of the time elapsed from SARS-CoV-2 previous infection. In a subgroup of SARS-CoV-2-naive and -experienced subjects who received only one dose of the vaccine, the latter showed 32 times higher levels of anti-S IgG compared to the former. Although no serious adverse events have been reported, mild to moderate side effects occurred more frequently after the first dose in the SARS-CoV-2-experienced than in naive subjects (67% versus 42%, respectively; p < .001). Notably, post-vaccination anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG levels ≥20,000 AU/mL were independently associated with the risk of fever ≥38°C (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 5.122, 95% CI 2.368-11.080, p < .0001).Our study showed high responsiveness of BNT162b2 vaccine and a relationship between levels of antibody response and reactogenicity. It suggests that a single dose of mRNA vaccine might evoke effective protection in SARS-CoV-2-experienced subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Milazzo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Pezzati
- Department of Infectious Diseases, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Letizia Oreni
- Department of Infectious Diseases, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Alessia Lai
- Luigi Sacco Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Arianna Gabrieli
- Luigi Sacco Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Bestetti
- Department of Infectious Diseases, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Federico Conti
- Department of Infectious Diseases, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Cristina Gervasoni
- Department of Infectious Diseases, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Meroni
- Department of Infectious Diseases, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Galli
- Luigi Sacco Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Spinello Antinori
- Luigi Sacco Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Lisa Ridolfo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
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Popova AY, Tarasenko AA, Smolensky VY, Egorova SA, Smirnov VS, Dashkevich AM, Svetogor TN, Glinskaya IN, Skuranovich AL, Milichkina AM, Dronina AM, Samoilovich EO, Khamitova IV, Semeiko GV, Amvrosyeva TV, Shmeleva NP, Rubanik LV, Esmanchik OP, Karaban IA, Drobyshevskaya VG, Sadovnikova GV, Shilovich MV, Podushkina EA, Kireichuk VV, Petrova OA, Bondarenko SV, Salazhkova IF, Tkach LM, Shepelevich LP, Autukhova NL, Ivanov VM, Babilo AS, Navyshnaya MV, Belyaev NN, Zueva EV, Volosar LA, Verbov VN, Likhachev IV, Zagorskaya TO, Morozova NF, Korobova ZR, Gubanova AV, Totolian AA. Herd immunity to SARS-CoV-2 among the population of the Republic of Belarus amid the COVID-19 pandemic. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION AND IMMUNITY 2021. [DOI: 10.15789/2220-7619-hit-1798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Objective was to investigate the SARS-CoV-2 collective immunity status of the population of Belarus within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods. The work was carried out according to the methodology for assessing SARS-CoV-2 population immunity, developed by Rospotrebnadzor Russia and the Ministry of Health of Belarus with the participation of the St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, taking into account WHO recommendations. The Bioethics Committee of Belarus and the local ethics committee of the St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute approved the study. Selection of participants was carried out using a questionnaire method and online technology (internet, cloud server). Volunteers were randomized into seven age groups (years of age): 1–17; 18–29; 30–39; 40–49; 50–59; 60–69; and 70+. Regional randomization ensured proportional representation of volunteers from each region, and no more than 30 people were included from one enterprise. In accordance with manufacturer instructions, blood plasma samples were analyzed for: IgG antibodies (Abs) to the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (Nc) using a quantitative ELISA test system; and IgG Abs to the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 S (spike) surface glycoprotein using a qualitative ELISA test system. Statistical processing was carried out using Excel 2010 and other software. Statistical differences were designated as significant when p 0.05, unless otherwise indicated. Results. The level of seroprevalence, in terms of Abs to Nc among the Belarusian population, was 38.4% (95% CI 37.6–45.4). The highest Ab levels were found among individuals in older age groups (50-70+ years old). The lowest were found in children 1–17 years old and in young people 18–39 years old The distribution of seroprevalence across Belarusian regions was relatively homogeneous, with the exception of the Minsk Region, where a statistically significant decrease in the indicator was noted. In terms of profession, the largest share of seropositive individuals was found among transportation workers; the smallest was found in business. The moderate COVID-19 incidence has not led to a dramatic increase in the number of contacts. The base reproduction number (R0) was 1.3. In the Republic of Belarus, there was a moderate level of asymptomatic COVID-19 among seropositive individuals (45.3% [95% CI 44.0–46.7]). This form of infection was observed most often among children aged 1–17 years old (65.0% [95% CI 61.3–68.6]). In parallel with seroprevalence assessment, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination was carried out. We used two vaccines: Gam-COVID-Vac (also known as Sputnik V, developed by Gamaleya National Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Russia); and BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm, PRC). Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 was accompanied by an increase in the level of anti-RBD Abs (95% [95% CI 94.7–96.7]). Taking into account the vaccination of a subset of the population with BBIBP-CorV, the overall herd immunity, inferred from the analyzed indicators (presence of anti-Nc or anti-RBD Abs), was 47.1% (95% CI 46.3–48.0). Conclusion. COVID-19 in Belarus was characterized by a moderately pronounced course of the epidemic process. The threshold level of herd immunity to SARS-CoV-2 has not yet been reached, as a result of which the conditions for progression of the epidemic remain.
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de Sire A, Marotta N, Raimo S, Lippi L, Inzitari MT, Tasselli A, Gimigliano A, Palermo L, Invernizzi M, Ammendolia A. Psychological Distress and Work Environment Perception by Physical Therapists from Southern Italy during COVID-19 Pandemic: The C.A.L.A.B.R.I.A Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:9676. [PMID: 34574600 PMCID: PMC8465841 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The psychosocial impact of the work environment during the COVID-19 pandemic on health professionals is a growing issue. The present study examined specific psychosocial work environment indicators during the COVID-19 pandemic, through a multiple regression model of a self-administered cross-sectional online survey in a cohort of physical therapists from a region of Southern Italy from March 2020 to May 2021. The questionnaire contained items on work and healthcare issues related to COVID-19. Eighty physical therapists (29 male and 51 female), mean age 32.5 ± 10.1 years, were involved in this survey. The multiple regression analysis showed that "management activity" was significantly correlated to "therapist frustration" during the COVID-19 pandemic (ΔR2 = 0.16; p < 0.03). Findings of this study underline the importance of a healthy psychosocial work environment to enhance job satisfaction of all health professionals and to avoid role conflict and burnout syndrome during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro de Sire
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.T.I.); (A.T.); (A.A.)
| | - Nicola Marotta
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.T.I.); (A.T.); (A.A.)
| | - Simona Raimo
- Laboratory of Cognitive Psychology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.R.); (L.P.)
| | - Lorenzo Lippi
- Physical and Rehabilitative Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy; (L.L.); (M.I.)
| | - Maria Teresa Inzitari
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.T.I.); (A.T.); (A.A.)
| | - Anna Tasselli
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.T.I.); (A.T.); (A.A.)
| | | | - Liana Palermo
- Laboratory of Cognitive Psychology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.R.); (L.P.)
| | - Marco Invernizzi
- Physical and Rehabilitative Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy; (L.L.); (M.I.)
- Translational Medicine, Dipartimento Attività Integrate Ricerca e Innovazione (DAIRI), Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Antonio Ammendolia
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.T.I.); (A.T.); (A.A.)
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Ortega N, Ribes M, Vidal M, Rubio R, Aguilar R, Williams S, Barrios D, Alonso S, Hernández-Luis P, Mitchell RA, Jairoce C, Cruz A, Jimenez A, Santano R, Méndez S, Lamoglia M, Rosell N, Llupià A, Puyol L, Chi J, Melero NR, Parras D, Serra P, Pradenas E, Trinité B, Blanco J, Mayor A, Barroso S, Varela P, Vilella A, Trilla A, Santamaria P, Carolis C, Tortajada M, Izquierdo L, Angulo A, Engel P, García-Basteiro AL, Moncunill G, Dobaño C. Seven-month kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and role of pre-existing antibodies to human coronaviruses. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4740. [PMID: 34362897 PMCID: PMC8346582 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24979-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Unraveling the long-term kinetics of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and the individual characteristics influencing it, including the impact of pre-existing antibodies to human coronaviruses causing common cold (HCoVs), is essential to understand protective immunity to COVID-19 and devise effective surveillance strategies. IgM, IgA and IgG levels against six SARS-CoV-2 antigens and the nucleocapsid antigen of the four HCoV (229E, NL63, OC43 and HKU1) were quantified by Luminex, and antibody neutralization capacity was assessed by flow cytometry, in a cohort of health care workers followed up to 7 months (N = 578). Seroprevalence increases over time from 13.5% (month 0) and 15.6% (month 1) to 16.4% (month 6). Levels of antibodies, including those with neutralizing capacity, are stable over time, except IgG to nucleocapsid antigen and IgM levels that wane. After the peak response, anti-spike antibody levels increase from ~150 days post-symptom onset in all individuals (73% for IgG), in the absence of any evidence of re-exposure. IgG and IgA to HCoV are significantly higher in asymptomatic than symptomatic seropositive individuals. Thus, pre-existing cross-reactive HCoVs antibodies could have a protective effect against SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Ortega
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Ribes
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Vidal
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rocío Rubio
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ruth Aguilar
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sarah Williams
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Diana Barrios
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Selena Alonso
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Pablo Hernández-Luis
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
- Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Robert A Mitchell
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Chenjerai Jairoce
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Angeline Cruz
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Alfons Jimenez
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rebeca Santano
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Susana Méndez
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Montserrat Lamoglia
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- School of Health Sciences TecnoCampus Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Mataró, Spain
| | - Neus Rosell
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anna Llupià
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Puyol
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Chi
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Natalia Rodrigo Melero
- Biomolecular screening and Protein Technologies Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Parras
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pau Serra
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Edwards Pradenas
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, UAB, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Benjamin Trinité
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, UAB, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Julià Blanco
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, UAB, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
- University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Alfredo Mayor
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Maputo, Mozambique
- Spanish Consortium for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Barroso
- Occupational Health Department, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Varela
- Occupational Health Department, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Vilella
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antoni Trilla
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Santamaria
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Carlo Carolis
- Biomolecular screening and Protein Technologies Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Tortajada
- Occupational Health Department, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Izquierdo
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ana Angulo
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
- Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Engel
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
- Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto L García-Basteiro
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Maputo, Mozambique
- International Health Department, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Moncunill
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Carlota Dobaño
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
- Spanish Consortium for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain.
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The front-line during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: healthcare personnel. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2021; 34:372-383. [PMID: 34227581 DOI: 10.1097/qco.0000000000000734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW An estimated four to 11% of reported coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases occurs in healthcare personnel (HCP). HCP are at high risk of acquiring and transmitting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) given their close contact with individuals with recognized and unrecognized COVID-19. We summarize the literature to date describing the epidemiology, identifying risk factors associated with COVID-19, and analyzing clinical characteristics and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in HCP. RECENT FINDINGS The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among HCP ranges from 0.7 to 45%. Although there is heterogeneity in the seroprevalence rate reported in the literature, HCP may be at increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection from exposure to patients with COVID-19. The literature supports that this can be minimized with adequate personal protective equipment (PPE) supply, proper hand hygiene, appropriate PPE use, and other infection prevention measures. In addition, infections in HCP are commonly acquired in the community as well as in nonclinical care settings including break rooms or work rooms. SUMMARY While much focus has been on minimizing patient-to-HCP transmission of SARS-CoV-2, additional efforts are needed to prevent exposures in nonclinical care settings and in the community.
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Varona JF, Madurga R, Peñalver F, Abarca E, Almirall C, Cruz M, Ramos E, Castellano-Vazquez JM. kinetics of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies over time. Results of 10 month follow up in over 300 seropositive Health Care Workers. Eur J Intern Med 2021; 89:97-103. [PMID: 34090748 PMCID: PMC8148432 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2021.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The kinetics of the antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) needs to be evaluated since long-term duration of antibody remains largely unknown, particularly in infected healthcare workers (HCW). METHODS Prospective study, evaluating the longitudinal profile of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers in a random sample of 331 seropositive healthcare workers (HCW) of Spanish Hospitals Group. Serial measurements of serum IgG-anti-SARS-CoV-2 were obtained at baseline (April-May,2020), and in 2 follow-up visits. Linear mixed models were used to investigate antibody kinetics and associated factors. RESULTS A total of 306 seropositive subjects (median age: 44.7years;69.9% female) were included in the final analysis. After a median follow-up of 274 days between baseline and final measurement, 235(76.8%) maintained seropositivity. Antibody titers decreased in 82.0%, while remained stable in 13.1%. Factors associated with stability of antibodies over time included age≥45 years, higher baseline titers, severe/moderate infection and high-grade exposure to COVID-19 patients. In declining profile, estimated mean antibody half-life was 146.3 days(95%CI:138.6-154.9) from baseline. Multivariate models show independent longer durability of antibodies in HCW with high-risk exposure to COVID-19 patients (+14.1 days;95%CI:0.6-40.2) and with symptomatic COVID-19 (+14.1 days;95%CI:0.9-43.0). The estimated mean time to loss antibodies was 375(95% CI:342-408) days from baseline. CONCLUSIONS We present the first study measuring the kinetics of antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 in HCW beyond 6 months. Most participants remained seropositive after 9 months but presented a significant decline in antibody-titers. Two distinct antibody dynamic profiles were observed (declining vs. stable). Independent factors associated with longer durability of antibodies were symptomatic infection and higher exposure to COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose F Varona
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario HM Monteprincipe, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rodrigo Madurga
- Fundación de Investigación, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain; Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Peñalver
- Departamento de Seguridad, Salud y Bienestar de HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Abarca
- Servicio de Laboratorio, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Marta Cruz
- Servicio de Laboratorio, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Ramos
- Servicio de Laboratorio, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose María Castellano-Vazquez
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain; Fundación de Investigación, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Cardiología, Centro Integral de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIEC), Hospital Universitario HM Monteprincipe, Madrid, Spain; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Moreno-Pérez O, Ramos JM, Gimeno A, Rodríguez JC, Andres M, Leon-Ramirez JM, Valero B, Llorens P, Boix V, Gil J, Merino E. Medium-term serostatus in Spanish case series recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Med Virol 2021; 93:6030-6039. [PMID: 34138461 PMCID: PMC8426938 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The medium-term serologic response of SARS-CoV-2 infection recovered individuals is not well known. The aims were to quantify the incidence of seropositive failure in the medium term in a cohort of patients with different COVID-19 severity and to analyze its associated factors. Patients who had recovered from mild and severe forms of SARS-CoV-2 infection in an Academic Spanish hospital (March 12-May 2, 2020), were tested for total anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 test; Roche Diagnostics GmbH). The non-seropositive status (seropositive failure) incidence (95% CI) was determined. Associations were tested by multiple logistic regression in a global cohort and severe pneumonia subpopulation. Of 435 patients with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2, a serological test was carried out in 325: 210 (64.6%) had severe pneumonia (hospitalized patients), 51 (15.7%) non-severe pneumonia (managed as outpatients), and 64 (19.7%) mild cases without pneumonia. After a median (IQR) of 76 days (70-83) from symptom onset, antibody responses may not consistently develop or reach levels sufficient to be detectable by antibody tests (non-seropositive incidence) in 6.9% (95% CI, 4.4-10.6) and 20.3% (95% CI, 12.2-31.7) of patients with and without pneumonia, respectively. Baseline independent predictors of seropositive failure were higher leukocytes and fewer days of symptoms before admission, while low glomerular filtrate and fever seem associated with serologic response. Age, comorbidity or immunosuppressive therapies (corticosteroids, tocilizumab) did not influence antibody response. In the medium-term, SARS-CoV-2 seropositive failure is not infrequent in COVID-19 recovered patients. Age, comorbidity or immunosuppressive therapies did not influence antibody response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Moreno-Pérez
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Alicante General University Hospital - Alicante Institute of Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain.,Clinical Medicine Department, Miguel Hernández University, Elche, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Ramos
- Clinical Medicine Department, Miguel Hernández University, Elche, Spain.,Internal Medicine Department, Alicante General University Hospital - Alicante Institute of Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - Adelina Gimeno
- Microbiology Department, Alicante General University Hospital - Alicante Institute of Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Rodríguez
- Microbiology Department, Alicante General University Hospital - Alicante Institute of Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain.,Miguel Hernández University, Elche, Spain
| | - Mariano Andres
- Clinical Medicine Department, Miguel Hernández University, Elche, Spain.,Rheumatology Department, Alicante General University Hospital - Alicante Institute of Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - Jose-Manuel Leon-Ramirez
- Pneumology Department, Alicante General University Hospital - Alicante Institute of Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - Beatriz Valero
- Internal Medicine Department, Alicante General University Hospital - Alicante Institute of Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - Pere Llorens
- Clinical Medicine Department, Miguel Hernández University, Elche, Spain.,Emergency Department, Alicante General University Hospital - Alicante Institute of Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - Vicente Boix
- Clinical Medicine Department, Miguel Hernández University, Elche, Spain.,Unit of Infectious Diseases, Alicante General University Hospital - Alicante Institute of Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - Joan Gil
- Pneumology Department, Alicante General University Hospital - Alicante Institute of Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - Esperanza Merino
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Alicante General University Hospital - Alicante Institute of Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
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Zurochka A, Dobrinina M, Zurochka V, Hu D, Solovyev A, Ryabova L, Kritsky I, Ibragimov R, Sarapultsev A. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Symptomatic Individuals Is Higher than in Persons Who Are at Increased Risk Exposure: The Results of the Single-Center, Prospective, Cross-Sectional Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:627. [PMID: 34207919 PMCID: PMC8229032 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9060627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess antibody seropositivity prevalence among symptomatic individuals and individuals with a high risk of occupational exposure to SARS-CoV-2. Participants from Chelyabinsk (Russian Federation) who were at an increased risk of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 (high-risk group, n = 1091) and participants who either had symptoms consistent with COVID-19 or were suspected to have experienced COVID-19 in the past (symptomatic group, n = 692) were enrolled between 28 September and 30 December 2020. Blood samples were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay D-5501 SARS-Cov-2-IgG-EIA-BEST and D-5502 SARS-Cov-2-IgM-EIA-BEST (AO Vector-Best, Novosibirsk, Russia). The overall seropositivity rate was 28.33-28.53%. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were detected in 17.23% (adjusted prevalence of 17.17-17.29%) of participants in the high-risk and 45.95% (adjusted prevalence of 45.91-46.24%) in the symptomatic group. Higher IgG and IgM titers were observed in women compared to men, as well as in participants in the symptomatic group compared to those in the high-risk group. The results indicate that the seroprevalence among residents in several Russian regions is low (28.38%) and inadequate to provide herd immunity. The lower seroprevalence among participants in the high-risk group may be attributed to the enforcement of healthcare protocols and the use of adequate personal protective equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandr Zurochka
- School of Medical Biology, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia; (A.Z.); (V.Z.)
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 620049 Ekaterinburg, Russia; (M.D.); (I.K.); (R.I.)
| | - Maria Dobrinina
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 620049 Ekaterinburg, Russia; (M.D.); (I.K.); (R.I.)
| | - Vladimir Zurochka
- School of Medical Biology, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia; (A.Z.); (V.Z.)
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 620049 Ekaterinburg, Russia; (M.D.); (I.K.); (R.I.)
| | - Desheng Hu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 200092, China;
| | - Alexandr Solovyev
- NPO National Medical Association for the Development of the Expert Activities in the Field of Laboratory Diagnostics “MedLabExpert”, 117042 Moscow, Russia;
- LCC GMK MEDMA, 620102 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Liana Ryabova
- Department of Propedeutics of Internal Diseases, South Ural State Medical University, 454092 Chelyabinsk, Russia;
| | - Igor Kritsky
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 620049 Ekaterinburg, Russia; (M.D.); (I.K.); (R.I.)
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia, 620026 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Roman Ibragimov
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 620049 Ekaterinburg, Russia; (M.D.); (I.K.); (R.I.)
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia, 620026 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Alexey Sarapultsev
- School of Medical Biology, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia; (A.Z.); (V.Z.)
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 620049 Ekaterinburg, Russia; (M.D.); (I.K.); (R.I.)
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38
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Chou R, Dana T, Buckley DI, Selph S, Fu R, Totten AM. Update Alert 8: Epidemiology of and Risk Factors for Coronavirus Infection in Health Care Workers. Ann Intern Med 2021; 174:W48-W49. [PMID: 33780293 PMCID: PMC8017477 DOI: 10.7326/l21-0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Roger Chou
- Pacific Northwest Evidence-based Practice Center and Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Tracy Dana
- Pacific Northwest Evidence-based Practice Center and Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - David I Buckley
- Pacific Northwest Evidence-based Practice Center and School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Shelley Selph
- Pacific Northwest Evidence-based Practice Center and Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Rongwei Fu
- Pacific Northwest Evidence-based Practice Center and School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Annette M Totten
- Pacific Northwest Evidence-based Practice Center and Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
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39
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Ralli M, Arcangeli A, Soave PM, Voglino MC, De-Giorgio F. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in the Vatican City State. Eur J Intern Med 2021; 86:98-99. [PMID: 33581980 PMCID: PMC7859713 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2021.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Ralli
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Directorate of Health and Hygiene, Vatican City State.
| | - Andrea Arcangeli
- Directorate of Health and Hygiene, Vatican City State; Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Maurizio Soave
- Directorate of Health and Hygiene, Vatican City State; Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Fabio De-Giorgio
- Directorate of Health and Hygiene, Vatican City State; Department of Health Care Surveillance and Bioethics, section of Legal Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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40
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Effectiveness of Preventive Measures in Keeping Low Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Health Care Workers in a Referral Children's Hospital in Southern Italy. Pediatr Rep 2021; 13:118-124. [PMID: 33806472 PMCID: PMC8006005 DOI: 10.3390/pediatric13010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic now represents a major threat to public health. Health care workers (HCW) are exposed to biological risk. Little is currently known about the risk of HCW operating in pediatric wards for SARS-CoV-2 infection. The aim is to assess the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in HCW in a third-level children's hospital in Southern Italy. An observational cohort study of all asymptomatic HCW (physician, technicians, nurses, and logistic and support operators) was conducted. HCW were screened, on a voluntary basis, for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR on nasopharyngeal swab performed during the first wave of COVID-19. The study was then repeated, with the same modalities, at a 7-month interval, during the "second wave" of the COVID-19 pandemic. At the initial screening between 7 and 24 April 2020, 525 HCW were tested. None of them tested positive. At the repeated screening, conducted between 9 and 20 November 2020, 627 HCW were tested, including 61 additional ones resulting from COVID-emergency recruitment. At this second screening, eight subjects (1.3%) tested positive, thus being diagnosed as asymptomatic carriers of SARS-CoV-2. They were one physician, five nurses, and two HCW from the logistic/support services. They were employed in eight different wards/services. In all cases, the epidemiological investigation showed convincing evidence that the infection was acquired through social contacts. The study revealed a very low circulation of SARS-CoV-2 infection in HCW tested with RT-PCR. All the infections documented in the second wave of epidemic of SARS-CoV-2 were acquired outside of the workplace, confirming that in a pediatric hospital setting, HCW education, correct use of personal protective equipment, and separation of the COVID-patient pathway and staff flow may minimize the risk derived from occupational exposure.
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41
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Hossain A, Nasrullah SM, Tasnim Z, Hasan M, Hasan M. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies among health care workers prior to vaccine administration in Europe, the USA and East Asia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine 2021; 33:100770. [PMID: 33718853 PMCID: PMC7938754 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.100770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowing the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies across geographic regions before vaccine administration is one key piece of knowledge to achieve herd immunity. While people of all ages, occupations, and communities are at risk of getting infected with SARS-CoV-2, the health care workers (HCWs) are possibly at the highest risk. Most seroprevalence surveys with HCWs conducted worldwide have been limited to Europe, North America, and East Asia. We aimed to understand how the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies varied across these geographic regions among HCWs based on the available evidences. METHODS By searching through PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases, eligible studies published from January 1, 2020 to January 15, 2021 were included for the systematic review and meta-analysis. The random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled proportion of IgG seropositive HCWs. Publication bias was assessed by funnel plot and confirmed by Egger's test. Heterogeneity was quantified using I2 statistics. We performed sensitivity analyses based on sample size, diagnostic method and publication status. The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020219086). FINDINGS A total of 53 peer-reviewed articles were selected, including 173,353 HCWs (32.7% male) from the United States, ten European, and three East Asian countries. The overall seropositive prevalence rate of IgG antibodies was 8.6% in these regions (95% CI= 7.2-9.9%). Pooled seroprevalence of IgG antibodies was higher in studies conducted in the USA (12.4%, 95% CI= 7.8-17%) than in Europe (7.7%, 95% CI=6.3-9.2%) and East Asia (4.8%, 95% CI=2.9-6.7%). The subgroup study also estimated that male HCWs had 9.4% (95% CI= 7.2-11.6%) IgG seroconversion, and female HCWs had 7.8% (95% CI=5.9-9.7%). The study exhibits a high prevalence of IgG antibodies among HCWs under 40 years in the USA, conversely, it was high in older HCWs (≥40 years of age) in Europe and East Asia. In the months February-April 2020, the estimated pooled seroprevalence was 5.7% (4.0-7.4%) that increased to 8·2% (6.2-10%) in April-May and further to 9.9% (6.9-12.9%) in the May-September time-period. INTERPRETATION In the view of all evidence to date, a significant variation in the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in HCWs is observed in regions of Europe, the United States, and East Asia. The patterns of IgG antibodies by time, age, and gender suggest noticeable regional differences in transmission of the virus. Based on the insights driven from the analysis, priority is required for effective vaccination for older HCWs from Europe and East Asia. A considerable high seroprevalence of IgG among HCWs from the USA suggests a high rate of past infection that indicates the need to take adequate measures to prevent hospital spread. Moreover, the seroprevalence trend was not substantially changed after May 2020, suggesting a slow progression of long-term SARS-CoV-2 immunity. Routine testing of HCWs for SARS-CoV-2 should be considered even after the rollout of vaccination to identify the areas of increased transmission. FUNDING None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Hossain
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Global Health Institute, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Health Management BD Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Zarrin Tasnim
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md.Kamrul Hasan
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Shaw JA, Meiring M, Cummins T, Chegou NN, Claassen C, Du Plessis N, Flinn M, Hiemstra A, Kleynhans L, Leukes V, Loxton AG, MacDonald C, Mtala N, Reuter H, Simon D, Stanley K, Tromp G, Preiser W, Malherbe ST, Walzl G. Higher SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in workers with lower socioeconomic status in Cape Town, South Africa. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247852. [PMID: 33630977 PMCID: PMC7906413 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inequality is rife throughout South Africa. The first wave of COVID-19 may have affected people in lower socioeconomic groups worse than the affluent. The SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and the specificity of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests in South Africa is not known. METHODS We tested 405 volunteers representing all socioeconomic strata from the workforce of a popular shopping and tourist complex in central Cape Town with the Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay. We assessed the association between antibody positivity and COVID-19 symptom status, medical history, and sociodemographic variables. We tested 137 serum samples from healthy controls collected in Cape Town prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, to confirm the specificity of the assay in the local population. RESULTS Of the 405 volunteers tested one month after the first peak of the epidemic in Cape Town, 96(23.7%) were SARS-CoV-2 IgG positive. Of those who tested positive, 46(47.9%) reported no symptoms of COVID-19 in the previous 6 months. Seropositivity was significantly associated with living in informal housing, residing in a subdistrict with low income-per household, and having a low-earning occupation. The specificity of the assay was 98.54%(95%CI 94.82%-99.82%) in the pre-COVID controls. CONCLUSIONS There is a high background seroprevalence in Cape Town, particularly in people of lower socioeconomic status. Almost half of cases are asymptomatic, and therefore undiagnosed by local testing strategies. These results cannot be explained by low assay specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Alexandra Shaw
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Maynard Meiring
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tracy Cummins
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Novel N. Chegou
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Conita Claassen
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nelita Du Plessis
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Marika Flinn
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Andriette Hiemstra
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Léanie Kleynhans
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Vinzeigh Leukes
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Andre G. Loxton
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Candice MacDonald
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nosipho Mtala
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Helmuth Reuter
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Donald Simon
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kim Stanley
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gerard Tromp
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Wolfgang Preiser
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University and National Health Laboratory Service, Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Stephanus T. Malherbe
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gerhard Walzl
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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