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Song M, Tang Y, Cao K, Qi L, Xie K. Unveiling the role of interleukin-6 in pancreatic cancer occurrence and progression. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1408312. [PMID: 38828409 PMCID: PMC11140100 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1408312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is difficult to diagnose early and progresses rapidly. Researchers have found that a cytokine called Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is involved in the entire course of pancreatic cancer, promoting its occurrence and development. From the earliest stages of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia to the invasion and metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells and the appearance of tumor cachexia, IL-6 drives oncogenic signal transduction pathways and immune escape that accelerate disease progression. IL-6 is considered a biomarker for pancreatic cancer diagnosis and prognosis, as well as a potential target for treatment. IL-6 antibodies are currently being explored as a hot topic in oncology. This article aims to systematically explain how IL-6 induces the deterioration of normal pancreatic cells, with the goal of finding a breakthrough in pancreatic cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihui Song
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Division of Gastroenterology, Institute of Digestive Disease, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, The Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kaimei Cao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Institute of Digestive Disease, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, The Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Ling Qi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Institute of Digestive Disease, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, The Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China
| | - Keping Xie
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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2
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Fu M, Wang J, Xu D, Cao N, Li W, Li F, Liu Z, Li Y, Zhu C, Huang Y, Zhang X. Polysaccharide of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz alleviates LPS-induced proliferation, differentiation inhibition and excessive apoptosis in chicken embryonic myogenic cells. Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e1412. [PMID: 38504633 PMCID: PMC10951630 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can induce systemic inflammation and affect the growth and development of poultry. As a kind of traditional Chinese medicine, polysaccharide of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz (PAMK) can effectively improve the growth performance of animals and improve the immunity of animal bodies. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of PAMK on LPS-induced inflammatory response, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of chicken embryonic myogenic cells. METHODS We used chicken embryonic myogenic cells as a model by detecting EdU/MYHC immunofluorescence, the expression of inflammation, proliferation, differentiation-related genes and proteins and the number of apoptotic cells in the condition of adding LPS, PAMK, belnacasan (an inhibitor of Caspase1) or their combinations. RESULTS The results showed that LPS stimulation increased the expression of inflammatory factors, inhibited proliferation and differentiation, and excessive apoptosis in chicken embryonic myogenic cells, and PAMK alleviated these adverse effects induced by LPS. After the addition of belnacasan (inhibitor of Caspase1), apoptosis in myogenic cells was inhibited, and therefore, the number of apoptotic cells and the expression of pro-apoptotic genes Caspase1 and Caspase3 were increased. In addition, belnacasan inhibited the increased expression of inflammatory factors, inhibited proliferation, differentiation and excessive apoptosis in chicken embryonic myogenic cells induced by LPS. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a theoretical basis for further exploring the mechanism of action of PAMK and exogenous LPS on chicken embryonic myogenic cells and lays the foundation for the development and application of green feed additives in animal husbandry industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengsi Fu
- College of Animal Science & TechnologyZhongkai University of Agriculture and EngineeringGuangzhouChina
| | - Jinhui Wang
- College of Animal Science & TechnologyZhongkai University of Agriculture and EngineeringGuangzhouChina
| | - Danning Xu
- College of Animal Science & TechnologyZhongkai University of Agriculture and EngineeringGuangzhouChina
| | - Nan Cao
- College of Animal Science & TechnologyZhongkai University of Agriculture and EngineeringGuangzhouChina
| | - Wanyan Li
- College of Animal Science & TechnologyZhongkai University of Agriculture and EngineeringGuangzhouChina
| | - Fada Li
- College of Animal Science & TechnologyZhongkai University of Agriculture and EngineeringGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhiyuan Liu
- College of Animal Science & TechnologyZhongkai University of Agriculture and EngineeringGuangzhouChina
| | - Yong Li
- College of Animal Science & TechnologyZhongkai University of Agriculture and EngineeringGuangzhouChina
| | - Chenyu Zhu
- College of Animal Science & TechnologyZhongkai University of Agriculture and EngineeringGuangzhouChina
| | - Yunmao Huang
- College of Animal Science & TechnologyZhongkai University of Agriculture and EngineeringGuangzhouChina
| | - Xumeng Zhang
- College of Animal Science & TechnologyZhongkai University of Agriculture and EngineeringGuangzhouChina
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3
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Wang C, Wang X, Zhang S, Xu P, Cheng L. Causal relationships between interleukins, interferons and COVID-19 risk: a Mendelian randomization study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024; 34:2387-2396. [PMID: 37660260 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2023.2252461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Observational studies have shown close associations between COVID-19 risk and cytokines, especially interleukins (ILs) and interferons (IFNs). However, the causal relationships between ILs, IFNs and COVID-19 were still unclear. To resolve the problem, we conducted a Mendelian randomization analysis between COVID-19 and 47 cytokines, including 35 ILs and 12 IFNs. First, three methods were applied to estimate causal effects by using single nucleotide polymorphisms as instrumental variables (IVs). Subsequently, the MR-Egger method was used to estimate the horizontal pleiotropy of IVs. Finally, sensitivity analyses were applied to assess the robustness of results. As a result, one IFN (IFN-W1) and five ILs (IL-5, IL-6, IL-13, IL-16 and IL-37) were identified to significantly decrease the COVID-19 risk. In contrast, one IFN (IFNG) and five ILs (IL-3, IL-8, IL-27, IL-31 and IL-36β) were found to be significantly associated with an increased risk of COVID-19. In summary, the findings of this study provide insights into potential therapeutic interventions for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Sainan Zhang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Peigang Xu
- Chongqing Research Institute of Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Liang Cheng
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Molecular Probes and Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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4
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Bodega-Mayor I, Delgado-Wicke P, Arrabal A, Alegría-Carrasco E, Nicolao-Gómez A, Jaén-Castaño M, Espadas C, Dopazo A, Martín-Gayo E, Gaspar ML, de Andrés B, Fernández-Ruiz E. Tyrosine kinase 2 modulates splenic B cells through type I IFN and TLR7 signaling. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:199. [PMID: 38683377 PMCID: PMC11058799 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05234-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) is involved in type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling through IFN receptor 1 (IFNAR1). This signaling pathway is crucial in the early antiviral response and remains incompletely understood on B cells. Therefore, to understand the role of TYK2 in B cells, we studied these cells under homeostatic conditions and following in vitro activation using Tyk2-deficient (Tyk2-/-) mice. Splenic B cell subpopulations were altered in Tyk2-/- compared to wild type (WT) mice. Marginal zone (MZ) cells were decreased and aged B cells (ABC) were increased, whereas follicular (FO) cells remained unchanged. Likewise, there was an imbalance in transitional B cells in juvenile Tyk2-/- mice. RNA sequencing analysis of adult MZ and FO cells isolated from Tyk2-/- and WT mice in homeostasis revealed altered expression of IFN-I and Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) signaling pathway genes. Flow cytometry assays corroborated a lower expression of TLR7 in MZ B cells from Tyk2-/- mice. Splenic B cell cultures showed reduced proliferation and differentiation responses after activation with TLR7 ligands in Tyk2-/- compared to WT mice, with a similar response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or anti-CD40 + IL-4. IgM, IgG, IL-10 and IL-6 secretion was also decreased in Tyk2-/- B cell cultures. This reduced response of the TLR7 pathway in Tyk2-/- mice was partially restored by IFNα addition. In conclusion, there is a crosstalk between TYK2 and TLR7 mediated by an IFN-I feedback loop, which contributes to the establishment of MZ B cells and to B cell proliferation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Bodega-Mayor
- Molecular Biology Unit, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa and Research Institute (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
- Immunobiology Unit, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Delgado-Wicke
- Molecular Biology Unit, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa and Research Institute (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Arrabal
- Molecular Biology Unit, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa and Research Institute (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
- Immunobiology Unit, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Estíbaliz Alegría-Carrasco
- Molecular Biology Unit, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa and Research Institute (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Nicolao-Gómez
- Molecular Biology Unit, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa and Research Institute (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Jaén-Castaño
- Molecular Biology Unit, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa and Research Institute (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Espadas
- Genomics Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Dopazo
- Genomics Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Martín-Gayo
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa and IIS-Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Luisa Gaspar
- Immunobiology Unit, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén de Andrés
- Immunobiology Unit, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Fernández-Ruiz
- Molecular Biology Unit, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa and Research Institute (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain.
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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Swaroop AK, Negi P, Kar A, Mariappan E, Natarajan J, Namboori P K K, Selvaraj J. Navigating IL-6: From molecular mechanisms to therapeutic breakthroughs. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2024; 76:48-76. [PMID: 38220583 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
This concise review navigates the intricate realm of Interleukin-6 (IL-6), an important member of the cytokine family. Beginning with an introduction to cytokines, this narrative review unfolds with the historical journey of IL-6, illuminating its evolving significance. A crucial section unravels the three distinct signaling modes employed by IL-6, providing a foundational understanding of its versatile interactions within cellular landscapes. Moving deeper, the review meticulously dissects IL-6's signaling mechanisms, unraveling the complexities of its pleiotropic effects in both physiological responses and pathological conditions. A significant focus is dedicated to the essential role IL-6 plays in inflammatory diseases, offering insights into its associations and implications for various health conditions. The review also takes a therapeutic turn by exploring the emergence of anti-IL-6 monoclonal inhibitors, marking a profound stride in treatment modalities. Diving into the molecular realm, the review explores small molecules as agents for IL-6 inhibition, providing a nuanced perspective on diverse intervention strategies. As the review embarks on the final chapters, it contemplates future aspects, offering glimpses into potential research trajectories and the evolving landscape of IL-6-related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akey Krishna Swaroop
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Preeya Negi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ayushi Kar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Esakkimuthukumar Mariappan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jawahar Natarajan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Krishnan Namboori P K
- Amrita Molecular Modeling and Synthesis (AMMAS) Research lab, Amrita Vishwavidyapeetham, Amrita Nagar, Ettimadai, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jubie Selvaraj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India.
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6
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Han Z, Li J, Yi X, Zhang T, Liao D, You J, Ai J. Diagnostic accuracy of interleukin-6 in multiple diseases: An umbrella review of meta-analyses. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27769. [PMID: 38515672 PMCID: PMC10955306 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This review aims to conduct a comprehensive study of the diagnostic accuracy of interleukin-6 (IL-6) for multiple diseases by utilizing existing systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Methods We performed a thorough search of Embase, Web of Science, PubMed, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews up to April 2023 to gather meta-analyses that investigate the diagnostic accuracy of IL-6. To assess the methodological quality of the studies, we employed the Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews-2 and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation criteria. Results We included 34 meta-analyses out of the 3024 articles retrieved from the search. These meta-analyses covered 9 categories of diseases of the International Classification of Diseases-11. Studies rated as "Critically Low" or "Very Low" in the quality assessment process were excluded, resulting in a total of 6 meta-analyses that encompassed sepsis, colorectal cancer, tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE), endometriosis, among others. Among these diseases, IL-6 demonstrated a relatively high diagnostic potential in accurately identifying TPE and endometriosis. Conclusions IL-6 exhibited favorable diagnostic accuracy across multiple diseases, suggesting its potential as a reliable diagnostic biomarker in the near future. Substantial evidence supported its high diagnostic accuracy, particularly in the cases of TPE and endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tianyi Zhang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 88 South Keyuan Road, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Dazhou Liao
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 88 South Keyuan Road, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Jia You
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 88 South Keyuan Road, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Jianzhong Ai
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 88 South Keyuan Road, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
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7
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de Sales-Neto JM, Rodrigues-Mascarenhas S. Immunosuppressive effects of the mycotoxin patulin in macrophages. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:166. [PMID: 38485821 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03928-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Patulin (PAT) is a fungi-derived secondary metabolite produced by numerous fungal species, especially within Aspergillus, Byssochlamys, and Penicillium genera, amongst which P. expansum is the foremost producer. Similar to other fungi-derived metabolites, PAT has been shown to have diverse biological features. Initially, PAT was used as an effective antimicrobial agent against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Then, PAT has been shown to possess immunosuppressive properties encompassing humoral and cellular immune response, immune cell function and activation, phagocytosis, nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species production, cytokine release, and nuclear factor-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinases activation. Macrophages are a heterogeneous population of immune cells widely distributed throughout organs and connective tissue. The chief function of macrophages is to engulf and destroy foreign bodies through phagocytosis; this ability was fundamental to his discovery. However, macrophages play other well-established roles in immunity. Thus, considering the central role of macrophages in the immune response, we review the immunosuppressive effects of PAT in macrophages and provide the possible mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Marreiro de Sales-Neto
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Biotechnology Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, CEP: 58051-900, PB, BR, Brazil
| | - Sandra Rodrigues-Mascarenhas
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Biotechnology Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, CEP: 58051-900, PB, BR, Brazil.
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8
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Radványi Á, Röszer T. Interleukin-6: An Under-Appreciated Inducer of Thermogenic Adipocyte Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2810. [PMID: 38474057 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue inflammation is a key factor leading to obesity-associated immune disorders, such as insulin resistance, beta cell loss in the pancreatic islets, meta-inflammation, and autoimmunity. Inhibiting adipose tissue inflammation is considered a straightforward approach to abrogate these diseases. However, recent findings show that certain pro-inflammatory cytokines are essential for the proper differentiation and functioning of adipocytes. Lipolysis is stimulated, and the thermogenic competence of adipocytes is unlocked by interleukin-6 (IL-6), a cytokine that was initially recognized as a key trigger of adipose tissue inflammation. Coherently, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), which is a signal transducer for IL-6, is necessary for thermogenic adipocyte development. Given the impact of thermogenic adipocytes in increasing energy expenditure and reducing body adiposity, functions of IL-6 in the adipose tissue have gained attention recently. In this review, we show that IL-6 signaling may protect from excess fat accumulation by stimulating thermogenesis in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ádám Radványi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamás Röszer
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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9
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Lacinski RA, Dziadowicz SA, Stewart A, Chaharbakhshi E, Akhter H, Pisquiy JJ, Victory JH, Hardham JB, Chew C, Prorock A, Bao Y, Sol-Church K, Hobbs GR, Klein E, Nalesnik MA, Hu G, de Oliveira A, Santiago SP, Lindsey BA. Nanosphere pharmacodynamics improves safety of immunostimulatory cytokine therapy. iScience 2024; 27:108836. [PMID: 38303687 PMCID: PMC10831265 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic administration of interleukin (IL)-12 induces potent anti-tumor immune responses in preclinical cancer models through the systemic activation of effector immune cells and release of proinflammatory cytokines. IL-12-loaded PLGA nanospheres (IL12ns) are hypothesized to improve therapeutic efficacy and thwart unwanted side effects observed in previous human clinical trials. Through the investigation of peripheral blood and local tissue immune responses in healthy BALB/c mice, the immune-protective pharmacodynamics of IL12ns were suggested. Nanospheres increased pro-inflammatory plasma cytokines/chemokines (IFN-γ, IL-6, TNF-α, and CXCL10) without inducing maladaptive transcriptomic signatures in circulating peripheral immune cells. Gene expression profiling revealed activation of pro-inflammatory signaling pathways in systemic tissues, the likely source of these effector cytokines. These data support that nanosphere pharmacodynamics, including shielding IL-12 from circulating immune cells, depositing peripherally in systemic immune tissues, and then slowly eluting bioactive cytokine, thereafter, are essential to safe immunostimulatory therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A. Lacinski
- Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Sebastian A. Dziadowicz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
- Bioinformatics Core, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Amanda Stewart
- Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Edwin Chaharbakhshi
- Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Halima Akhter
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
- Bioinformatics Core, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - John J. Pisquiy
- Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Jack H. Victory
- Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Joshua B. Hardham
- Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Claude Chew
- Advanced Technology Cores, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alyson Prorock
- Genome Analysis & Technology Core, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Yongde Bao
- Genome Analysis & Technology Core, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Katia Sol-Church
- Genome Analysis & Technology Core, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Gerald R. Hobbs
- Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Edwin Klein
- Division of Laboratory Animal Resources, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Michael A. Nalesnik
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Gangqing Hu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
- Bioinformatics Core, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Ana de Oliveira
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Stell P. Santiago
- Department of Pathology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Brock A. Lindsey
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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10
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Leininger SB, Staudner ST, Vogel MJ, Mustroph J, Hubauer U, Wallner S, Lehn P, Burkhardt R, Meindl C, Hanses F, Zimmermann M, Maier LS, Hupf J, Jungbauer CG. Bioactive adrenomedullin and interleukin-6 in COVID-19: potential biomarkers of acute kidney injury and critical illness. BMC Nephrol 2024; 25:52. [PMID: 38336628 PMCID: PMC10858491 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-024-03486-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate whether bioactive adrenomedullin (bio-ADM) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are related to acute kidney injury (AKI) and severe illness in COVID-19 patients. METHODS 153 patients with COVID-19 admitted to the emergency department (ED) were included. Blood samples were collected from each patient at admission. Bio-ADM and IL-6, as well as DPP3 and routinely measured markers were evaluated regarding the endpoints AKI (22/128 hospitalized patients) and a composite endpoint of admission to intensive care unit and/or in-hospital death (n = 26/153 patients). RESULTS Bio-ADM and IL-6 were significantly elevated in COVID-19 patients with AKI compared to COVID-19 patients without AKI (each p < 0.001). According to ROC analyses IL-6 and bio-ADM had the largest AUC (0.84 and 0.81) regarding the detection of AKI. Furthermore, bio-ADM and IL-6 were significantly elevated in COVID-19 patients reaching the composite endpoint (each p < 0.001). Regarding the composite endpoint ROC analysis showed an AUC of 0.89 for IL-6 and 0.83 for bio-ADM in COVID-19 patients. In the multivariable logistic model bio-ADM and IL-6 presented as independent significant predictors regarding both endpoints AKI and the composite endpoint in COVID-19 patients (as well as creatinine regarding the composite endpoint; each p < 0.05), opposite to leukocytes, C-reactive protein (CRP) and dipeptidyl peptidase 3 (DPP3; each p = n.s.). CONCLUSION Elevated levels of bio-ADM and IL-6 are associated with AKI and critical illness in patients with COVID-19. Therefore, both biomarkers may be potential tools in risk stratification in COVID-19 patients at presentation in the ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon B Leininger
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Stephan T Staudner
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Manuel J Vogel
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Julian Mustroph
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ute Hubauer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Wallner
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Petra Lehn
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ralph Burkhardt
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christine Meindl
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Frank Hanses
- Emergency Department, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Infection Prevention and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Markus Zimmermann
- Emergency Department, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lars S Maier
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Julian Hupf
- Emergency Department, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Carsten G Jungbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
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11
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Yadav D, Sharma PK, Mishra PS, Malviya R. The Potential of Stem Cells in Treating Breast Cancer. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:324-333. [PMID: 37132308 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x18666230428094056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
There has been a lot of interest in stem cell therapy as a means of curing disease in recent years. Despite extensive usage of stem cell therapy in the treatment of a wide range of medical diseases, it has been hypothesized that it plays a key part in the progression of cancer. Breast cancer is still the most frequent malignancy in women globally. However, the latest treatments, such as stem cell targeted therapy, are considered to be more effective in preventing recurrence, metastasis, and chemoresistance of breast cancer than older methods like chemotherapy and radiation. This review discusses the characteristics of stem cells and how stem cells may be used to treat breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Yadav
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pramod Kumar Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prem Shankar Mishra
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rishabha Malviya
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Zheng XQ, Kong XQ, He Y, Wang YJ, Xie L, Liu LL, Lin LR, Yang TC. Treponema pallidum recombinant protein Tp47 enhanced interleukin-6 secretion in human dermal fibroblasts through the toll-like receptor 2 via the p38, PI3K/Akt, and NF-κB signalling pathways. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119540. [PMID: 37468070 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a multi-effective cytokine involved in multiple immune responses. Whether fibroblasts also turn out to be a cytokine IL-6 factory during interaction with Treponema pallidum is not yet understood. To explore whether fibroblasts participate in inflammation due to syphilis, a series of experiments were performed to explore the role of T. pallidum lipoprotein Tp47 in IL-6 production in human dermal fibroblasts. The Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and participating signalling pathways in this process were also evaluated. The results showed that the expressions of IL-6 and the protein levels of TLR2 in fibroblasts were upregulated after stimulation with Tp47, and this effect was impeded by the TLR2 inhibitor C29. In addition, Tp47 promoted the phosphorylation of p38, PI3K/Akt, and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB), and the translocation of NF-κB in fibroblasts. Moreover, p38, PI3K, and NF-κB inhibitors significantly reduced IL-6 production in fibroblasts stimulated with Tp47. Furthermore, the TLR2 inhibitor C29 inhibited the phosphorylation of p38, Akt, and NF-κB, and the translocation of NF-κB in fibroblasts. In conclusion, our results showed that Tp47 enhanced IL-6 secretion in human dermal fibroblasts through TLR2 via p38, PI3K/Akt, and NF-κB signalling pathways. These findings contribute to our understanding of syphilis inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Qi Zheng
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Xiang-Qi Kong
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261000, China
| | - Yun He
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China; Department of Medical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Yong-Jing Wang
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Lin Xie
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Li-Li Liu
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China; Institute of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China.
| | - Li-Rong Lin
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China; Institute of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China.
| | - Tian-Ci Yang
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China; Institute of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China.
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13
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Tran QH, Nguyen QT, Tran TTN, Tran TD, Le MT, Trinh DTT, Tran VT, Tran VH, Thai KM. Identification of small molecules as potential inhibitors of interleukin 6: a multi-computational investigation. Mol Divers 2023; 27:2315-2330. [PMID: 36319930 PMCID: PMC9628397 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10558-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
IL(interleukin)-6 is a multifunctional cytokine crucial for immunological, hematopoiesis, inflammation, and bone metabolism. Strikingly, IL-6 has been shown to significantly contribute to the initiation of cytokine storm-an acute systemic inflammatory syndrome in Covid-19 patients. Recent study has showed that blocking the IL-6 signaling pathway with an anti-IL-6 receptor monoclonal antibody (mAb) can reduce the severity of COVID-19 symptoms and enhance patient survival. However, the mAb has several drawbacks, such as high cost, potential immunogenicity, and invasive administration due to the large-molecule protein product. Instead, these issues could be mitigated using small molecule IL-6 inhibitors, but none are currently available. This study aimed to discover IL-6 inhibitors based on the PPI with a novel camelid Fab fragment, namely 68F2, in a crystal protein complex structure (PDB ID: 4ZS7). The pharmacophore models and molecular docking were used to screen compounds from DrugBank databases. The oral bioavailability of the top 24 ligands from the screening was predicted by the SwissAMDE tool. Subsequently, the selected molecules from docking and MD simulation illustrated a promising binding affinity in the formation of stable complexes at the active binding pocket of IL-6. Binding energies using the MM-PBSA technique were applied to the top 4 hit compounds. The result indicated that DB08402 and DB12903 could form strong interactions and build stable protein-ligand complexes with IL-6. These potential compounds may serve as a basis for further developing small molecule IL-6 inhibitors in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Que-Huong Tran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, 41 Dinh Tien Hoang St., Dist. 1, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000 Vietnam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Da, Nang University of Medical Technology and Pharmacy, Da Nang, 500000 Vietnam
| | - Quoc-Thai Nguyen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, 41 Dinh Tien Hoang St., Dist. 1, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000 Vietnam
| | - Thi-Thuy Nga Tran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, 41 Dinh Tien Hoang St., Dist. 1, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000 Vietnam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Da, Nang University of Medical Technology and Pharmacy, Da Nang, 500000 Vietnam
| | - Thanh-Dao Tran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, 41 Dinh Tien Hoang St., Dist. 1, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000 Vietnam
| | - Minh-Tri Le
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, 41 Dinh Tien Hoang St., Dist. 1, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000 Vietnam
- School of Medicine, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward., Thu Duc Dist., Ho Chi Minh City, 700000 Vietnam
| | - Dieu-Thuong Thi Trinh
- Faculty of Traditional Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, 100000 Vietnam
| | - Van-Thanh Tran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, 41 Dinh Tien Hoang St., Dist. 1, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000 Vietnam
| | - Viet-Hung Tran
- Institute of Drug Quality Control Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, 100000 Vietnam
| | - Khac-Minh Thai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, 41 Dinh Tien Hoang St., Dist. 1, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000 Vietnam
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Grebenciucova E, VanHaerents S. Interleukin 6: at the interface of human health and disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1255533. [PMID: 37841263 PMCID: PMC10569068 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1255533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine executing a diverse number of functions, ranging from its effects on acute phase reactant pathways, B and T lymphocytes, blood brain barrier permeability, synovial inflammation, hematopoiesis, and embryonic development. This cytokine empowers the transition between innate and adaptive immune responses and helps recruit macrophages and lymphocytes to the sites of injury or infection. Given that IL-6 is involved both in the immune homeostasis and pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases, research into therapeutic modulation of IL-6 axis resulted in the approval of a number of effective treatments for several autoimmune disorders like neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis, giant cell arteritis (GCA), and cytokine release syndrome, associated with SARS-CoV2 pneumonia. This review discusses downstream inflammatory pathways of IL-6 expression and therapeutic applications of IL-6 blockade, currently investigated for the treatment of several other autoimmune conditions such as autoimmune encephalitis, autoimmune epilepsy, as well as myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein associated demyelination (MOGAD). This review further highlights the need for clinical trials to evaluate IL-6 blockade in disorders such neuropsychiatric lupus erythematosus (SLE), sarcoidosis and Behcet's.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Grebenciucova
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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Ammann M, Santol J, Pereyra D, Kalchbrenner T, Wuerger T, Laengle J, Smoot RL, Hulla W, Laengle F, Starlinger P. Glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucagon-like peptide-2 regulation during human liver regeneration. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15980. [PMID: 37749369 PMCID: PMC10519971 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43283-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that metabolic demands of the regenerating liver are met via lipid metabolism and critical regulators of this process. As such, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) critically affect hepatic regeneration in rodent models. The present study aimed to evaluate potential alterations and dynamics of circulating GLP-1 and GLP-2 in patients undergoing liver resections, focusing on post-hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF). GLP-1, GLP-2, Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and parameters of lipid metabolism were determined perioperatively in fasting plasma of 46 patients, who underwent liver resection. GLP-1 and GLP-2 demonstrated a rapid and consistently inverse time course during hepatic regeneration with a significant decrease of GLP-1 and increase of GLP-2 on POD1. Importantly, these postoperative dynamics were significantly more pronounced when PHLF occurred. Of note, the extent of resection or development of complications were not associated with these alterations. IL-6 mirrored the time course of GLP-2. Assessing the main degradation protein dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) no significant association with either GLP-1 or -2 could be found. Additionally, in PHLF distinct postoperative declines in plasma lipid parameters were present and correlated with GLP-2 dynamics. Our data suggest dynamic inverse regulation of GLP-1 and GLP-2 during liver regeneration, rather caused by an increase in expression/release than by changes in degradation capacity and might be associated with inflammatory responses. Their close association with circulating markers of lipid metabolism and insufficient hepatic regeneration after liver surgery suggest a critical involvement during these processes in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Ammann
- Department of Surgery, State Hospital Wiener Neustadt, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
- Division of Visceral Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jonas Santol
- Department of Surgery, HPB Centre, Viennese Health Network, Clinic Favoriten and Sigmund Freud Private University, Vienna, Austria
| | - David Pereyra
- Division of Visceral Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tamara Kalchbrenner
- Department of Pathology, State Hospital Wiener Neustadt, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Tanja Wuerger
- Department of Pathology, State Hospital Wiener Neustadt, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Johannes Laengle
- Division of Visceral Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rory L Smoot
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Wolfgang Hulla
- Department of Pathology, State Hospital Wiener Neustadt, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Friedrich Laengle
- Department of Surgery, State Hospital Wiener Neustadt, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Patrick Starlinger
- Division of Visceral Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, USA.
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16
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van der Laan P, van der Graaf WTA, Reijers SJM, Schrage YM, Hendriks JJH, Haas RL, van den Broek D, Steeghs N, van Houdt WJ. Elevated preoperative serum interleukin-6 level is predictive for worse postoperative outcome after soft tissue sarcoma surgery. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY 2023; 49:106926. [PMID: 37173151 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) plays a role in cancer development and progression, but research into the predictive value of IL-6 on postoperative outcome in soft tissue sarcoma (STS) is scarce. The purpose of this study is to investigate the predictive value of serum IL-6 level for the achievement of assumed (post)operative outcome after STS surgery, the so-called textbook outcome. METHODS Preoperative IL-6 serum levels were collected in all patients with a STS at first presentation between February 2020 and November 2021. Textbook outcome was defined as a R0 resection, no complications, no blood transfusions, no reoperation within the postoperative period, no prolonged hospital stay, no hospital readmission within 90-days, and no mortality within 90-days. Factors associated with textbook outcome were determined by multivariable analysis. RESULTS Among 118 patients with primary, non-metastatic STS, 35.6% achieved a textbook outcome. Univariate analysis showed that smaller tumor size (p = 0.026), lower tumor grade (p = 0.006), normal hemoglobin (Hb, p = 0.044), normal white blood cell (WBC) count (p = 0.018), normal C-reactive protein (CRP) serum level (p = 0.002) and normal IL-6 serum level (p = 1.5 × 10-5) were associated with achieving textbook outcome after surgery. Multivariable analysis showed that elevated IL-6 serum level (p = 0.012) was significantly associated with not achieving a textbook outcome. CONCLUSIONS Increased IL-6 serum level is predictive for not achieving a textbook outcome after surgery for primary, non-metastatic STS.
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Affiliation(s)
- P van der Laan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - W T A van der Graaf
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - S J M Reijers
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Y M Schrage
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - J J H Hendriks
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - R L Haas
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Radiotherapy, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - D van den Broek
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - N Steeghs
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - W J van Houdt
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Sater MS, AlDehaini DMB, Malalla ZHA, Ali ME, Giha HA. Plasma IL-6, TREM1, uPAR, and IL6/IL8 biomarkers increment further witnessing the chronic inflammation in type 2 diabetes. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2023; 44:259-269. [PMID: 36848486 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2022-0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is known to be associated with chronic inflammation, but the inflammatory regulators/markers are not exactly defined and the link between them remains undetermined. The objective of this study is to identify these markers by testing traditional (IL6 & IL8) and non-traditional (TREM1 & uPAR) inflammatory markers. METHODS Data and blood samples were obtained from 114 T2D and 74 non-diabetic Kuwaiti subjects attending health facilities in Kuwait. Chemical analyzers were used to measure glycemic and lipid profiles, while ELISA was used to measure plasma levels of insulin and several inflammatory markers. RESULTS Showed that the IL-6 and TREM1 were significantly higher in T2D compared to non-diabetic controls, and the uPAR level was borderline higher in T2D but significantly correlated with IL-6 levels. Unexpectedly, IL8 was significantly below normal in T2D and IL6/IL8 ratio was significantly higher in T2D patients. Unlike other tested markers, uPAR was in addition strongly correlated with insulin levels and HOMA-IR index. CONCLUSIONS Raised levels of IL6, TREMI, IL6/IL8 ratio, and the strong positive correlation of plasma levels of uPAR with IL-6, insulin, and HOMA-IR index, are reliable spectators of chronic inflammation in T2D patients. The reduced level of IL-8 in T2D was a peculiar observation that needs further explanation. Finally, the consequences and impact of the sustained rise of these inflammatory regulators in diabetic tissues need to be meticulously explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai S Sater
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences (CMMS), Arabian Gulf University (AGU), Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | | | - Zainab Hasan Abdulla Malalla
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences (CMMS), Arabian Gulf University (AGU), Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Muhalab E Ali
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences (CMMS), Arabian Gulf University (AGU), Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
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Lin W, Song H, Shen J, Wang J, Yang Y, Yang Y, Cao J, Xue L, Zhao F, Xiao T, Lin R. Functional role of skeletal muscle-derived interleukin-6 and its effects on lipid metabolism. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1110926. [PMID: 37555019 PMCID: PMC10405179 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1110926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The detrimental impact of obesity on human health is increasingly evident with the rise in obesity-related diseases. Skeletal muscle, the crucial organ responsible for energy balance metabolism, plays a significant role as a secretory organ by releasing various myokines. Among these myokines, interleukin 6 (IL-6) is closely associated with skeletal muscle contraction. IL-6 triggers the process of lipolysis by mobilizing energy-storing adipose tissue, thereby providing energy for physical exercise. This phenomenon also elucidates the health benefits of regular exercise. However, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue maintain a constant interaction, both directly and indirectly. Direct interaction occurs through the accumulation of excess fat within skeletal muscle, known as ectopic fat deposition. Indirect interaction takes place when adipose tissue is mobilized to supply the energy for skeletal muscle during exercise. Consequently, maintaining a functional balance between skeletal muscle and adipose tissue becomes paramount in regulating energy metabolism and promoting overall health. IL-6, as a representative cytokine, participates in various inflammatory responses, including non-classical inflammatory responses such as adipogenesis. Skeletal muscle influences adipogenesis through paracrine mechanisms, primarily by secreting IL-6. In this research paper, we aim to review the role of skeletal muscle-derived IL-6 in lipid metabolism and other physiological activities, such as insulin resistance and glucose tolerance. By doing so, we provide valuable insights into the regulatory function of skeletal muscle-derived myokines in lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Lin
- *Correspondence: Weimin Lin, ; Ruiyi Lin,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ruiyi Lin
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Monmai C, Kim JS, Baek SH. Use of Germination to Enhance Resveratrol Content and Its Anti-Inflammatory Activity in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW264.7 Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:4898. [PMID: 37446559 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28134898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is triggered by a variety of danger signals and is now a worldwide concern. Resveratrol, a natural nonflavonoid polyphenol found in naturally consumed plants and foods, has a wide spectrum of bioactive potency. We successfully generated resveratrol-enriched rice by introducing the resveratrol biosynthesis gene into Dongjin rice. In this study, resveratrol- and piceid-enriched rice (DJ526) was investigated for its anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells compared to normal rice (DJ). In addition, the 5-day-old germinated DJ526 (DJ526_5) was tested for its anti-inflammatory effects. The piceid and resveratrol amounts increased in DJ526_5 by germination. Treatment of LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells with resveratrol-enriched rice seed extracts (DJ526_0 and DJ526_5) significantly decreased the production of nitric oxide (NO) and the inflammatory mediator prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), downregulated proinflammatory gene expression, and inhibited nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2) phosphorylation. These findings demonstrated the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of resveratrol-enriched rice in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, resveratrol-enriched rice could be a potential source of anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaiwat Monmai
- Department of Agricultural Life Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 59722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Suk Kim
- Department of Agricultural Life Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 59722, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Hyeon Baek
- Department of Agricultural Life Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 59722, Republic of Korea
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Wierzbicki M, Zawadzka K, Wójcik B, Jaworski S, Strojny B, Ostrowska A, Małolepszy A, Mazurkiewicz-Pawlicka M, Sawosz E. Differences in the Cell Type-Specific Toxicity of Diamond Nanoparticles to Endothelial Cells Depending on the Exposure of the Cells to Nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:2821-2838. [PMID: 37273285 PMCID: PMC10237202 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s411424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Diamond nanoparticles are considered to be one of the most cytocompatible carbon nanomaterials; however, their toxicity varies significantly depending on the analysed cell types. The aim was to investigate the specific sensitivity of endothelial cells to diamond nanoparticles dependent on exposure to nanoparticles. Methods Diamond nanoparticles were characterized with Raman spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Toxicity of diamond nanoparticles was assessed for endothelial cells (HUVEC), human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) and HS-5 cell line. The effect of diamond nanoparticles on the level of ROS, NO, NADPH and protein synthesis of angiogenesis-related proteins of endothelial cells was evaluated. Results and Discussion Our studies demonstrated severe cell type-specific toxicity of diamond nanoparticles to endothelial cells (HUVEC) depending on nanoparticle surface interaction with cells. Furthermore, we have assessed the effect on cytotoxicity of the bioconjugation of nanoparticles with a peptide containing the RGD motive and a serum protein corona. Our study suggests that the mechanical interaction of diamond nanoparticles with the endothelial cell membranes and the endocytosis of nanoparticles lead to the depletion of NADPH, resulting in an intensive synthesis of ROS and a decrease in the availability of NO. This leads to severe endothelial toxicity and a change in the protein profile, with changes in major angiogenesis-related proteins, including VEGF, bFGF, ANPT2/TIE-2, and MMP, and the production of stress-related proteins, such as IL-6 and IL-8. Conclusion We confirmed the presence of a relationship between the toxicity of diamond nanoparticles and the level of cell exposure to nanoparticles and the nanoparticle surface. The results of the study give new insights into the conditioned toxicity of nanomaterials and their use in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Wierzbicki
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, 02-786, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Zawadzka
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, 02-786, Poland
| | - Barbara Wójcik
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, 02-786, Poland
| | - Sławomir Jaworski
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, 02-786, Poland
| | - Barbara Strojny
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, 02-786, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Ostrowska
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, 02-786, Poland
| | - Artur Małolepszy
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, 00-654, Poland
| | | | - Ewa Sawosz
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, 02-786, Poland
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21
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Yadav KK, Awasthi S. Childhood Pneumonia: What's Unchanged, and What's New? Indian J Pediatr 2023:10.1007/s12098-023-04628-3. [PMID: 37204597 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-023-04628-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Childhood pneumonia is still a significant clinical and public health problem. India contributes the highest number of deaths due to pneumonia, accounts for about 20% of global mortality among under five children. Various etiologic agents including bacteria, viruses and atypical organism are responsible for childhood pneumonia. Recent studies suggest that viruses are one of the major causes of childhood pneumonia. Among viruses, respiratory syncytial virus has got great attention and several recent studies are reporting it as an important organism for pneumonia. Lack of exclusive breast feeding during first six months, improper timing of start and content of complimentary feeding, anemia, undernutrition, indoor pollution due to tobacco smoking and use of coal and wood for cooking food and lack of vaccinations are important risk factors. X-ray chest is not routinely performed to diagnose pneumonia while use of lung ultrasound is increasing to detect consolidation, pleural effusion, pneumothorax and pulmonary edema (interstitial syndrome). Role of C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin is similar, to differentiate between viral and bacterial pneumonia, however duration of antibiotics is better guided by procalcitonin. Newer biomarkers like IL-6, presepsin and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 are needed to be evaluated for their use in children. Hypoxia is significantly associated with childhood pneumonia. Therefore, use of pulse oximetry should be encouraged for early detection and prompt treatment of hypoxia to prevent adverse outcomes. Among the available tools for risk of mortality assessment in children due to pneumonia, PREPARE score is the best but external validation will be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Kumar Yadav
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr R.M.L. Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shally Awasthi
- Department of Pediatrics, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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22
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Pan R, Kuai S, Li Q, Zhu X, Wang T, Cui Y. Diagnostic value of IL-6 for patients with asthma: a meta-analysis. ALLERGY, ASTHMA, AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 19:39. [PMID: 37173781 PMCID: PMC10182700 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-023-00794-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IL-6 is a pleotropic cytokine that acts as a pro-inflammatory mediator and acute-phase response inducer, but has also been reported to possess anti-inflammatory properties. The objective of this study was to assess the validity of serum IL-6 test for diagnosis of asthma. METHODS A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane library from January 2007 to March 2021 to identify relevant studies. Eleven studies were included in this analysis, involving 1977 patients with asthma and 1591 healthy non-asthmatic controls. The meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3 software and Stata 16.0. Random effect model or fixed effect model (FEM) was used to estimate the standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS The meta-analysis results revealed that the serum IL-6 levels were higher in asthmatic patients than healthy non-asthmatic controls (SMD 1.31, 95% CI 0.82-1.81, P < 0.00001). IL-6 levels are significantly elevated in pediatric patients with asthma (SMD 1.58, 95% CI 0.75-2.41, P = 0.0002) and mildly elevated in adult patients with asthma (SMD 1.08, 95% CI 0.27-1.90, P = 0.009). In addition, a subgroup analysis of asthma disease status showed that IL-6 levels were increased in stable (SMD 0.69, 95% CI 0.28-1.09, P = 0.009) and exacerbation asthma (SMD 2.15, 95% CI 1.79-2.52, P < 0.00001) patients. CONCLUSION The results of this meta-analysis suggest that serum IL-6 levels were significantly elevated in asthmatic patients as compared to normal population. IL-6 levels can be used as an auxiliary indicator to distinguish individuals with asthma from healthy non-asthmatic controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruilin Pan
- Clinical Research Center, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shougang Kuai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huishan District Hospital, WuXi, 214187, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qingqing Li
- Clinical Research Center, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xuming Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Yubao Cui
- Clinical Research Center, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu Province, China.
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23
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Sharma YP, Gawalkar AA, Batta A, Shrimanth YS, Revaiah PC, Karki P, Chaudhary V, Kasinadhuni G, Santosh K, Bootla D, Kumar S, Patel NKJ, Sambyal BS, Panda P. Novel markers of COVID-19 mortality-A comparative study with patients of acute coronary syndrome. J Family Med Prim Care 2023; 12:962-966. [PMID: 37448943 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1629_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
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24
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Rizzi M, D'Onghia D, Tonello S, Minisini R, Colangelo D, Bellan M, Castello LM, Gavelli F, Avanzi GC, Pirisi M, Sainaghi PP. COVID-19 Biomarkers at the Crossroad between Patient Stratification and Targeted Therapy: The Role of Validated and Proposed Parameters. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087099. [PMID: 37108262 PMCID: PMC10138390 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical knowledge about SARS-CoV-2 infection mechanisms and COVID-19 pathophysiology have enormously increased during the pandemic. Nevertheless, because of the great heterogeneity of disease manifestations, a precise patient stratification at admission is still difficult, thus rendering a rational allocation of limited medical resources as well as a tailored therapeutic approach challenging. To date, many hematologic biomarkers have been validated to support the early triage of SARS-CoV-2-positive patients and to monitor their disease progression. Among them, some indices have proven to be not only predictive parameters, but also direct or indirect pharmacological targets, thus allowing for a more tailored approach to single-patient symptoms, especially in those with severe progressive disease. While many blood test-derived parameters quickly entered routine clinical practice, other circulating biomarkers have been proposed by several researchers who have investigated their reliability in specific patient cohorts. Despite their usefulness in specific contexts as well as their potential interest as therapeutic targets, such experimental markers have not been implemented in routine clinical practice, mainly due to their higher costs and low availability in general hospital settings. This narrative review will present an overview of the most commonly adopted biomarkers in clinical practice and of the most promising ones emerging from specific population studies. Considering that each of the validated markers reflects a specific aspect of COVID-19 evolution, embedding new highly informative markers into routine clinical testing could help not only in early patient stratification, but also in guiding a timely and tailored method of therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Rizzi
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Davide D'Onghia
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Stelvio Tonello
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Rosalba Minisini
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Donato Colangelo
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Mattia Bellan
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Luigi Mario Castello
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Francesco Gavelli
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Gian Carlo Avanzi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Mario Pirisi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Sainaghi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
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25
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Shin S, Awuah Boadi E, Shah S, Ezell M, Li P, Bandyopadhyay BC. Anti-inflammatory role of extracellular l-arginine through calcium sensing receptor in human renal proximal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 117:109853. [PMID: 36827919 PMCID: PMC10124988 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Renal tubular epithelial cells are capable of synthesizing interleukins (IL) in response to a variety of proinflammatory cytokines. Moreover, elevated urinary levels of IL have been shown in patients with various forms of nephritic diseases. However, the underlying intracellular signaling mechanism is unclear. Here we show the immunological signaling role of l-Arginine (l-Arg) through Ca2+-sensing receptor (CaSR) in human kidney 2 (HK-2) renal proximal tubular epithelial cells, using Ca2+ imaging and patch clamp techniques and its mechanistic link to the downstream cellular function. Both pharmacological and siRNA inhibitors support the activation CaSR by extracellular l-Arg to induced Ca2+ entry via a Transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channel in HK-2 cells mainly through the receptor operated Ca2+ entry (ROCE). Activation of CaSR by l-Arg led to the rise in p-p38/p38 expression suggesting [Ca2+]i as a regulator for p38-signaling pathways. Notably, l-Arg activated CaSR-induced Ca2+ signaling reduced the expressions of key fibrotic, inflammatory, and apoptotic genes, suggesting its nephroprotective role via Ca2+ signaling through CaSR in HK-2 cells. Since we found that the IL-6 expressions were inversely proportional to the increasing concentrations of l-Arg in HK-2 cells, we measured the release of IL-6, which steadily decreased as the concentrations of l-Arg were elevated. Taken together, extracellular l-Arg is a negative regulator for IL-6-induced inflammatory process, through the activation of CaSR and TRPC channel by ROCE pathway and can have a potential to alleviate inflammatory renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Shin
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving Street, NW, Washington, DC 20422, USA
| | - Eugenia Awuah Boadi
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving Street, NW, Washington, DC 20422, USA
| | - Saloni Shah
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving Street, NW, Washington, DC 20422, USA
| | - Madison Ezell
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving Street, NW, Washington, DC 20422, USA
| | - Peijun Li
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving Street, NW, Washington, DC 20422, USA
| | - Bidhan C Bandyopadhyay
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving Street, NW, Washington, DC 20422, USA; Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, 620 Michigan Avenue NE, Washington, DC 20064, USA.
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26
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Nada H, Sivaraman A, Lu Q, Min K, Kim S, Goo JI, Choi Y, Lee K. Perspective for Discovery of Small Molecule IL-6 Inhibitors through Study of Structure–Activity Relationships and Molecular Docking. J Med Chem 2023; 66:4417-4433. [PMID: 36971365 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a proinflammatory cytokine that plays a key role in the pathogenesis and physiology of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, such as coronary heart disease, cancer, Alzheimer's disease, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, and most recently COVID-19. IL-6 and its signaling pathway are promising targets in the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Although, anti-IL-6 monoclonal antibodies are currently being used in clinics, huge unmet medical needs remain because of the high cost, administration-related toxicity, lack of opportunity for oral dosing, and potential immunogenicity of monoclonal antibody therapy. Furthermore, nonresponse or loss of response to monoclonal antibody therapy has been reported, which increases the importance of optimizing drug therapy with small molecule drugs. This work aims to provide a perspective for the discovery of novel small molecule IL-6 inhibitors by the analysis of the structure-activity relationships and computational studies for protein-protein inhibitors targeting the IL-6/IL-6 receptor/gp130 complex.
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27
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Shahini A, Shahini A. Role of interleukin-6-mediated inflammation in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease: focus on the available therapeutic approaches and gut microbiome. J Cell Commun Signal 2023; 17:55-74. [PMID: 36112307 PMCID: PMC10030733 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-022-00695-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is considered a chronic inflammatory and multifactorial disease of the gastrointestinal tract. Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are two types of chronic IBD. Although there is no accurate information about IBD pathophysiology, evidence suggests that various factors, including the gut microbiome, environment, genetics, lifestyle, and a dysregulated immune system, may increase susceptibility to IBD. Moreover, inflammatory mediators such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) are involved in the immunopathogenesis of IBDs. IL-6 contributes to T helper 17 (Th17) differentiation, mediating further destructive inflammatory responses in CD and UC. Moreover, Th1-mediated responses participate in IBD, and the antiapoptotic IL-6/IL-6 receptor (IL-6R)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signals are responsible for preserving Th1 cells in the site of inflammation. It has been revealed that fecal bacteria isolated from UC-active and UC-remission patients stimulate the hyperproduction of several cytokines, such as IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-10, and IL-12. Given the importance of the IL-6/IL-6R axis, various therapeutic options exist for controlling or treating IBD. Therefore, alternative therapeutic approaches such as modulating the gut microbiome could be beneficial due to the failure of the target therapies so far. This review article summarizes IBD immunopathogenesis focusing on the IL-6/IL-6R axis and discusses available therapeutic approaches based on the gut microbiome alteration and IL-6/IL-6R axis targeting and treatment failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshia Shahini
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Ali Shahini
- Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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28
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bioTCIs: Middle-to-Macro Biomolecular Targeted Covalent Inhibitors Possessing Both Semi-Permanent Drug Action and Stringent Target Specificity as Potential Antibody Replacements. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043525. [PMID: 36834935 PMCID: PMC9968108 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibody therapies targeting immuno-modulatory targets such as checkpoint proteins, chemokines, and cytokines have made significant impact in several areas, including cancer, inflammatory disease, and infection. However, antibodies are complex biologics with well-known limitations, including high cost for development and production, immunogenicity, a limited shelf-life because of aggregation, denaturation, and fragmentation of the large protein. Drug modalities such as peptides and nucleic acid aptamers showing high-affinity and highly selective interaction with the target protein have been proposed alternatives to therapeutic antibodies. The fundamental limitation of short in vivo half-life has prevented the wide acceptance of these alternatives. Covalent drugs, also known as targeted covalent inhibitors (TCIs), form permanent bonds to target proteins and, in theory, eternally exert the drug action, circumventing the pharmacokinetic limitation of other antibody alternatives. The TCI drug platform, too, has been slow in gaining acceptance because of its potential prolonged side-effect from off-target covalent binding. To avoid the potential risks of irreversible adverse drug effects from off-target conjugation, the TCI modality is broadening from the conventional small molecules to larger biomolecules possessing desirable properties (e.g., hydrolysis resistance, drug-action reversal, unique pharmacokinetics, stringent target specificity, and inhibition of protein-protein interactions). Here, we review the historical development of the TCI made of bio-oligomers/polymers (i.e., peptide-, protein-, or nucleic-acid-type) obtained by rational design and combinatorial screening. The structural optimization of the reactive warheads and incorporation into the targeted biomolecules enabling a highly selective covalent interaction between the TCI and the target protein is discussed. Through this review, we hope to highlight the middle to macro-molecular TCI platform as a realistic replacement for the antibody.
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29
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Sahu R, Goswami S, Narahari Sastry G, Rawal RK. The Preventive and Therapeutic Potential of the Flavonoids in Liver Cirrhosis: Current and Future Perspectives. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202201029. [PMID: 36703592 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202201029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) may vary from moderately mild non-alcohol fatty liver (NAFL) towards the malignant variant known as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is marked by fatty liver inflammation and may progress to liver cirrhosis (LC), liver cancer, fibrosis, or liver failure. Flavonoids can protect the liver from toxins through their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-cancer, and antifibrogenic pharmacological activities. Furthermore, flavonoids protect against LC by regulation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) trans-differentiation, inhibiting growth factors like TGF-β and platelets-derived growth factor (PDGF), vascular epithelial growth factor (VEGF), viral infections like hepatitis-B, C and D viruses (HBV, HCV & HDV), autoimmune-induced, alcohol-induced, metabolic disorder-induced, causing by apoptosis, and regulating MAPK pathways. These flavonoids may be explored in the future as a therapeutic solution for hepatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Sahu
- Natural Product Chemistry Group, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, 785006, Assam, India
| | - Sourav Goswami
- Natural Product Chemistry Group, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, 785006, Assam, India
| | - G Narahari Sastry
- Natural Product Chemistry Group, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, 785006, Assam, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravindra K Rawal
- Natural Product Chemistry Group, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, 785006, Assam, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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30
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Wu Y, Wang G, Huang Z, Yang B, Yang T, Liu J, Li P, Li J. Diagnostic and therapeutic value of biomarkers in urosepsis. Ther Adv Urol 2023; 15:17562872231151852. [PMID: 36744043 PMCID: PMC9893402 DOI: 10.1177/17562872231151852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Urosepsis is sepsis caused by urogenital tract infection and is one of the most common critical illnesses in urology. If urosepsis is not diagnosed early, it can rapidly progress and worsen, leading to increased mortality. In recent years, with the increase of urinary tract surgery, the incidence of urosepsis continues to rise, posing a serious threat to patients. Early diagnosis of urosepsis, timely and effective treatment can greatly reduce the mortality of patients. Biomarkers such as WBC, NLR, PCT, IL-6, CRP, lactate, and LncRNA all play specific roles in the early diagnosis or prognosis of urosepsis. In addition to the abnormal increase of WBC, we should be more alert to the rapid decline of WBC. NLR values were superior to WBC counts alone in predicting infection severity. Compared with several other biomarkers, PCT values can differentiate between bacterial and non-bacterial sepsis. IL-6 always has high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of sepsis, and CRP also has high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of urosepsis. Lactic acid is closely related to the prognosis of patients with urosepsis. LncRNAs may be potential biomarkers of urosepsis. This article summarizes the main biomarkers, hoping to provide a reference for the timely diagnosis and evaluation of urosepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ziye Huang
- The Department of Urology, The Second
Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R.
China
| | - Bowei Yang
- The Department of Urology, The Second
Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R.
China
| | - Tongxin Yang
- The Department of Urology, The Second
Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R.
China
| | - Jianhe Liu
- The Department of Urology, The Second
Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R.
China
| | - Pei Li
- The Department of Urology, The Second
Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 374 Dian-Mian Avenue,
Kunming 650101, Yunnan, P.R. China
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Schultz DC, Pan L, Wang T, Booker C, Hyder I, Hanold L, Rubin G, Ding Y, Lin J, Li C. Carbohydrate-Small Molecule Hybrids as Lead Compounds Targeting IL-6 Signaling. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020677. [PMID: 36677735 PMCID: PMC9861960 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In the past 25 years, a number of efforts have been made toward the development of small molecule interleukin-6 (IL-6) signaling inhibitors, but none have been approved to date. Monosaccharides are a diverse class of bioactive compounds, but thus far have been unexplored as a scaffold for small molecule IL-6-signaling inhibitor design. Therefore, in this present communication, we combined a structure-based drug design approach with carbohydrate building blocks to design and synthesize novel IL-6-signaling inhibitors targeting glycoprotein 130 (gp130). Of this series of compounds, LS-TG-2P and LS-TF-3P were the top lead compounds, displaying IC50 values of 6.9 and 16 µM against SUM159 cell lines, respectively, while still retaining preferential activity against the IL-6-signaling pathway. The carbohydrate moiety was found to improve activity, as N-unsubstituted triazole analogues of these compounds were found to be less active in vitro compared to the leads themselves. Thus, LS-TG-2P and LS-TF-3P are promising scaffolds for further development and study as IL-6-signaling inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C. Schultz
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Li Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Tiffany Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Conner Booker
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Iram Hyder
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Laura Hanold
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Garret Rubin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Yousong Ding
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Jiayuh Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Chenglong Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Correspondence:
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Khalaf QA, Rasool KH, Naji EN. Evaluation of IL-6 and IL-17A gene polymorphisms in Iraqi patients infected with COVID-19 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Hum Antibodies 2023; 31:35-44. [PMID: 37458031 DOI: 10.3233/hab-230007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with COVID-19, diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) increases the risk of hospitalization and death. Patients who have IL-6 and IL-17A single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are more likely to have severe COVID-19. This study aims to determine whether SNPs of the IL-6 gene at rs1800795 (G > C) and the IL-17A gene at rs2275913 (G > A) are associated with COVID-19 and T2DM in the Iraqi population. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-four people were divided into 4 groups as follows: six patients with severe COVID-19 and T2DM were placed in Group 1 as "G1", six patients with COVID-19 but no T2DM were placed in Group 2 as "G2", and six patients with T2DM were placed in Group 3 as "G3". There were also six healthy controls included in each group. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify the target genes after genomic DNA from the blood samples was extracted. Sanger sequencing was used to find the SNPs in both the forward and reverse directions for each sample. RESULTS In the case of IL-6 SNP at rs1800795, the GG genotype was more common in "G3", the CC genotype was less common in all patient groups than in controls, and the GC allele was more common in "G2" than in the control group. In comparison to the controls, the three patient groups showed lower frequencies of the C allele and higher frequencies of the G allele. Regarding IL-17A gene polymorphism, the AA and GA genotypes were more prevalent in "G2" and "G3", respectively. The GG genotype and G allele frequency dropped in all patient groups compared to the control group, whereas the A allele frequency increased in all patient groups. CONCLUSIONS The IL-6 gene at rs1800795 (G/C) and the IL-17A gene at rs2275913 (G/A) loci were associated with COVID-19 and T2DM in Iraqi population.
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Marazziti D, Palermo S, Arone A, Massa L, Parra E, Simoncini M, Martucci L, Beatino MF, Pozza A. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, PANDAS, and Tourette Syndrome: Immuno-inflammatory Disorders. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1411:275-300. [PMID: 36949315 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-7376-5_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
In the last years, much focus has been given to the possible role of inflammatory and immunologic alterations in the pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and some related conditions, such as pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infection (PANDAS) and Tourette syndrome (TS). Although the matter is intriguing, the available data are still controversial and/or limited. Therefore, the aim of this chapter was at reviewing and commenting on the literature on possible dysfunctions of inflammatory and immune system processes in OCD, PANDAS, and TS.This narrative review was carried out through searching PubMed and Google Scholar for English language papers from January 1985 to December 31, 2021.The data gathered up to now would suggest that the mechanisms involved might be heterogeneous according to the age of the patients and the disorder examined. Indeed, PANDAS seem more related to infections triggering autoimmunity not necessarily following group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal (GABHS) infection, as supposed in the past. Autoimmunity seems also important in TS, if coupled with an individual vulnerability that can be genetic and/or environmental. The data in adult OCD, albeit scattered and sometimes obtained in small samples of patients, would indicate that immune system and inflammatory processes are involved in the pathophysiology of the disorder. However, it is still unclear to conclude whether they are primary or secondary phenomena.In conclusion, taken together, the current findings pave that way towards novel and promising domains to explore the pathophysiology of OCD and related disorders, as well towards the development of innovative therapeutic strategy beyond current pharmacological paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Marazziti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
- Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences - UniCamillus, Rome, Italy.
| | - Stefania Palermo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Arone
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucia Massa
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Parra
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marly Simoncini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucia Martucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Francesca Beatino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Pozza
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e Neuroscienze, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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Eitah HE, Attia HN, Soliman AAF, Gamal El Din AA, Mahmoud K, Sayed RH, Maklad YA, El-Sahar AE. Vitamin D ameliorates diethylnitrosamine-induced liver preneoplasia: A pivotal role of CYP3A4/CYP2E1 via DPP-4 enzyme inhibition. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 458:116324. [PMID: 36442531 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence has indicated that vitamin D (Vit D) regulates cell proliferation and differentiation in cancer cells. Accordingly, the present study was conducted to investigate the possible beneficial effects of Vit D on diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced liver preneoplasia. The effect of Vit D on HepG2 cells was investigated using MTT assay. Additionally, liver preneoplasia was induced in Swiss male albino mice by giving overnight fasted animals 5 consecutive doses of DEN (75 mg/kg/week). Oral treatment with Vit D (200 IU/kg/day) was initiated either 2 weeks before DEN (first protocol) or 1 week after the first dose of DEN injection (second protocol). At the end of the experiment, tissue levels of GGT, DPP-4, TNF-α, IL-6, CYP2E1, and CYP3A4 were also estimated. Moreover, the histopathological study of liver tissue and immunohistochemical detection of GST-P, PCNA, and NF-κB were performed. Vit D exerted a significant cytotoxic effect on HepG2 cells via significantly increasing BAX, p53, and BAX/Bcl2 ratio, and significantly decreasing Bcl2 mRNA expression. In both in vivo protocols, Vit D was capable of normalizing relative liver weight, PCNA, altered hepatocellular foci, and ductular proliferation. Moreover, Vit D significantly reduced the DEN-induced elevation of AST, ALT, ALP, GGT, DDP-4, TNF-α, IL-6, CYP2E1, liver DNA damage, GST-P, NF-κB, nuclear hyperchromasia/pleomorphism, cholestasis, and inflammatory cell aggregates, but significantly increased CYP3A4 content. In conculsion, current results reflect the potential impact of Vit D in the management of early stages of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebatollah E Eitah
- Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Pharmacology Group, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hanan Naeim Attia
- Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Pharmacology Group, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A F Soliman
- Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Khaled Mahmoud
- Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rabab H Sayed
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Yousreya A Maklad
- Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Pharmacology Group, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ayman E El-Sahar
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University, Cairo, Egypt
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Huang S, Wang H, Zheng H, Li W, Shi J, Shen C, Tao R. Association between IL-6 polymorphisms and Atopic Dermatitis in Chinese Han children. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1156659. [PMID: 37025289 PMCID: PMC10070860 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1156659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Atopic Dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that affects almost 20% of children and 2 -10% of adults worldwide. Previous studies revealed that Interleukin-6 (IL-6) plays an essential role in autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases. This study aims to investigate the associations between IL-6 polymorphisms and AD. Methods Blood samples were collected from 132 AD patients and 100 controls, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IL-6 (rs2069840 (C/G), rs2066992 (G/T), rs2069837 (A/G) and rs1800796 (G/C)) were analyzed using Multiplex PCR-Based Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). Results Results showed that the A/G genotype of IL-6/rs2069837 was significantly associated with a 1.933-fold increased risk of AD compared to those patients with A/A genotype (OR 1.933; 95%CI 1.086-3.438; p=0.024). The combined A/G-G/G genotype raised AD risk by 1.856 times compared to patients with the A/A genotype in dominant model (OR: 1.856; 95% CI: 1.056-3.261; p=0.030). No association was observed for 3 other SNPs and 4 haplotypes. Discussion These findings suggested that the A/G genotype of IL-6/rs2069837 was more susceptible to AD than A/A genotype in Chinese Han children, indicating the risk role of IL-6/rs2069837 in the occurrence of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huiwen Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianrong Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Shen
- Department of Data and Information, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
- Sino-Finland Joint AI Laboratory for Child Health of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ran Tao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
- Correspondence: Ran Tao
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Teng C, Meng X, Hu Y, Mao H, Li H, Yang J, Sun T, Meng S, Zong C. Self-Assembled TLR7/8 Agonist-Mannose Conjugate as An Effective Vaccine Adjuvant for SARS-CoV-2 RBD Trimer. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14245466. [PMID: 36559833 PMCID: PMC9785909 DOI: 10.3390/polym14245466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Small synthetic TLR7/8-agonists can be used as vaccine adjuvants to enhance cell and humoral-mediated immune responses to specific antigens. Despite their potency, after local injection they can be dispersed to undesired body parts causing high reactogenicity, limiting their clinical applications. Here we describe a vaccination strategy that employs the covalent conjugate of a mannose and TLR7/8 agonist as a vaccine adjuvant to take advantage of mannose binding C-type lectins on dendritic cells to enhance the vaccine's immunogenicity. The mannose-TLR7/8 agonist conjugate can self-assemble into nanoparticles with the hydrophilic mannose on the outside and hydrophobic TLR7/8 agonist inside. Although its ability to stimulate HEK-BlueTM hTLR7/8 cells dropped, it can efficiently stimulate mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells as indicated by the up-regulation of CD80 and CD86, and higher cytokine expression levels of TNF-α, IL6, and IL-12p70 than the native TLR7/8 agonist. In vivo, vaccination using the SARS-CoV-2 RBD trimer as the antigen and the conjugate as the adjuvant induced a significantly higher amount of IgG2a. These results suggest that the mannose-TLR7/8-agonist conjugate can be used as an effective vaccine adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changcai Teng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xiongyan Meng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yeqin Hu
- MAXVAX Bio-tech Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610200, China
| | - Hongzhao Mao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Huiting Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Tiantian Sun
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Shuai Meng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Chengli Zong
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Correspondence:
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Dong H, Zhao L, Sun H, Shang M, Lv G, Yu X, Hu B, Huang Y. Coinfection of Clonorchis sinensis and hepatitis B virus: clinical liver indices and interaction in hepatic cell models. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:460. [PMID: 36510325 PMCID: PMC9746095 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05548-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In China, people infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) are commonly found in areas with a high prevalence of Clonorchis sinensis, a trematode worm. Published studies have reported that the progression of hepatitis B is affected by coinfection C. sinensis. METHODS Clinical data from a total of 72 patients with C. sinensis and HBV (as sole infection or with coinfections) and 29 healthy individuals were analysed. We also incubated the hepatic stellate cell line LX-2 with total proteins from C. sinensis adult worms (CsTPs) and HBV-positive sera. In addition, the human hepatoblastoma cell line HepG2.2.15 was treated with the antiviral drug entecavir (ETV), CsTPs and the anti-C. sinensis drug praziquantel (PZQ). RESULTS Our clinical data indicated that the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TB) and hyaluronic acid (HA) were significantly higher in patients with coinfection than in those infected with HBV only. In cell models, compared with the model in which LX-2 cells were incubated with HBV-positive sera (HBV group), transcripts of alpha-smooth muscle actin and types I and III collagen were significantly elevated in the models of LX-2 cells treated with CsTPs and HBV-positive sera (CsTP+HBV group), while the messenger RNA levels of tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 in the CsTP+HBV group were clearly lower. The HBV surface antigen and hepatitis B e-antigen levels were higher in the HepG2.2.15 cells treated with ETV and CsTPs than in those in the ETV group and in the cells administered a mixture of ETV, CsTPs and PZQ. CONCLUSIONS These results confirmed that C. sinensis and HBV coinfection could aggravate the progression of liver fibrosis. CsTPs might promote chronic inflammation of the liver in individuals with HBV infection, resulting in the development of hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Dong
- grid.412558.f0000 0004 1762 1794Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XKey Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Zhao
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XKey Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,grid.488525.6Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Hengchang Sun
- grid.412558.f0000 0004 1762 1794Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XKey Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Mei Shang
- grid.412558.f0000 0004 1762 1794Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XKey Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Gang Lv
- grid.443397.e0000 0004 0368 7493Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinbing Yu
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XKey Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Hu
- grid.412558.f0000 0004 1762 1794Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Huang
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XKey Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
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Cooley A, Rayford KJ, Arun A, Villalta F, Lima MF, Pratap S, Nde PN. Trypanosoma cruzi Dysregulates piRNAs Computationally Predicted to Target IL-6 Signaling Molecules During Early Infection of Primary Human Cardiac Fibroblasts. Immune Netw 2022; 22:e51. [PMID: 36627941 PMCID: PMC9807959 DOI: 10.4110/in.2022.22.e51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease, is an intracellular protozoan parasite, which is now present in most industrialized countries. About 40% of T. cruzi infected individuals will develop severe, incurable cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, or neurological disorders. The molecular mechanisms by which T. cruzi induces cardiopathogenesis remain to be determined. Previous studies showed that increased IL-6 expression in T. cruzi patients was associated with disease severity. IL-6 signaling was suggested to induce pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic responses, however, the role of this pathway during early infection remains to be elucidated. We reported that T. cruzi can dysregulate the expression of host PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) during early infection. Here, we aim to evaluate the dysregulation of IL-6 signaling and the piRNAs computationally predicted to target IL-6 molecules during early T. cruzi infection of primary human cardiac fibroblasts (PHCF). Using in silico analysis, we predict that piR_004506, piR_001356, and piR_017716 target IL6 and SOCS3 genes, respectively. We validated the piRNAs and target gene expression in T. cruzi challenged PHCF. Secreted IL-6, soluble gp-130, and sIL-6R in condition media were measured using a cytokine array and western blot analysis was used to measure pathway activation. We created a network of piRNAs, target genes, and genes within one degree of biological interaction. Our analysis revealed an inverse relationship between piRNA expression and the target transcripts during early infection, denoting the IL-6 pathway targeting piRNAs can be developed as potential therapeutics to mitigate T. cruzi cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayorinde Cooley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Kayla J. Rayford
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Ashutosh Arun
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Fernando Villalta
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA.,Department of Cell, Molecular, and Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, The City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Maria F. Lima
- Department of Cell, Molecular, and Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, The City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Siddharth Pratap
- School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Pius N. Nde
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
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Tabakhiyan F, Mir A, Vahedian V. Potential tumor marker for hepatocellular carcinoma identification: PI3K and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TGF-β, IL-1, and IL-6). Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2022; 43:389-396. [PMID: 35709206 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2022-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common form of liver cancer, is a leading cause of tumor-associated mortality worldwide. Diagnosis based upon non-invasive criteria is currently challenged by the need for molecular information that requires tissue or liquid biopsies. The progression of HCC is often associated with chronic inflammation, expression levels of inflammatory mediators, chemokine, and cytokines. In this study, we try to evaluate the PI3K and pro-inflammatory cytokines, TGF-β, IL-1, and IL-6 expression level in patients with liver cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS The kupffer cells were isolated from patient's specimens. Real-time PCR was applied to evaluate the expression level of PI3K in cell lines or tumors. The concentrations of TGF-β, IL-1, and IL-6 were measured by the quantitative ELISA kit. RESULTS PI3K mRNA expression in cancer cells was increased markedly vs. normal cells. The ELISA results demonstrated over expression of TGF-β, IL-1, and IL-6 in patients and positive correlation between tumor size and stage. DISCUSSION This study suggests that targeting the expression level of PI3K and pro-inflammatory chemokine and cytokines, TGF-β, IL-1, and IL-6, may be a potential diagnostic strategy in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amirabbas Mir
- Institute of Nano Science and Nano Technology, University of Kashan, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Vahid Vahedian
- Cancer Biology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine Institute of Biotechnology (FMB-IBTEC) Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Miller CL, Madsen JC. Targeting IL-6 to prevent cardiac allograft rejection. Am J Transplant 2022; 22 Suppl 4:12-17. [PMID: 36453706 PMCID: PMC10191185 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.17206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Outcomes following heart transplantation remain suboptimal with acute and chronic rejection being major contributors to poor long-term survival. IL-6 is increasingly recognized as a critical pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in allograft injury and has been shown to play a key role in regulating the inflammatory and alloimmune responses following heart transplantation. Therapies that inhibit IL-6 signaling have emerged as promising strategies to prevent allograft rejection. Here, we review experimental and pre-clinical evidence that supports the potential use of IL-6 signaling blockade to improve outcomes in heart transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia L. Miller
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joren C. Madsen
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Weinhard J, Noble J, Jouve T, Malvezzi P, Rostaing L. [Improving access to kidney transplantation for highly sensitized patients: What place for IL-6 pathway blockade in desensitization protocols?]. Nephrol Ther 2022; 18:577-583. [PMID: 36328901 DOI: 10.1016/j.nephro.2022.07.402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Desensitization allows kidney transplantation for HLA highly sensitized subjects. Due to the central role of IL-6 in immunological response, tocilizumab (monoclonal antibody directed against IL-6 receptor) could probably improve desensitization efficacy. METHODS Pubmed systematic review by using MeSH terms: tocilizumab, clazakizumab, interleukin-6 blockade, kidney transplantation, kidney graft and desensitization. STUDIES IL-6 plays a role in humoral response (plasmocyte differentiation induced by lymphocyte T, IL-21 secretion) as well as in cellular response (differentiation of LT Th17 rather than T reg). In desensitization field, tocilizumab was first studied as second-line treatment after failing of standard-of-care (apheresis, rituximab ± IgIV). Recent study showed that tocilizumab as a monotherapy attenuated anti-HLA antibodies rates but was not sufficient to allow transplantation. However, lymphocyte immunophenotyping showed that tocilizumab hindered B cells maturation. Thereby, tocilizumab could improve long-term efficacy of desensitization, by limiting the anti-HLA rebound and so avoiding antibody-mediated rejection. This hypothesis is supported by a recent study which used clazakizumab (monoclonal antibody directed against IL-6) in association with standard-of-care. In that study, clazakizumab was continued after kidney transplantation. Results were encouraging because 9/10 patients were transplanted and there was no donor-specific antibody at 6 months post-transplantation. CONCLUSION IL-6 pathway blockade as a monotherapy fails to desensitize HLA highly sensitized kidney transplant candidates. In association with standard-of-care, it does not seem to significatively improve kidney allograft access (short-term efficacy) vs. standard-of-care only. However, it could improve long-term prognosis of HLA incompatible transplantation by orienting the response towards a tolerogenic profile, by hindering B-cell maturation and, thereby, avoiding DSA rebounds after transplantation. This hypothesis needs to be proven by further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jules Weinhard
- Service de néphrologie, hémodialyse, aphérèses et transplantation rénale, CHU de Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Johan Noble
- Service de néphrologie, hémodialyse, aphérèses et transplantation rénale, CHU de Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Thomas Jouve
- Service de néphrologie, hémodialyse, aphérèses et transplantation rénale, CHU de Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France; Université Grenoble-Alpes, GrenobleFrance
| | - Paolo Malvezzi
- Service de néphrologie, hémodialyse, aphérèses et transplantation rénale, CHU de Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Lionel Rostaing
- Service de néphrologie, hémodialyse, aphérèses et transplantation rénale, CHU de Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France; Université Grenoble-Alpes, GrenobleFrance.
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Wang X, Tang G, Liu Y, Zhang L, Chen B, Han Y, Fu Z, Wang L, Hu G, Ma Q, Sheng S, Wang J, Hu X, Shao S. The role of IL-6 in coronavirus, especially in COVID-19. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1033674. [PMID: 36506506 PMCID: PMC9727200 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1033674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infects both people and animals and may cause significant respiratory problems, including lung illness: Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Swabs taken from the throat and nose of people who have the illness or are suspected of having it have shown this pathogenic virus. When SARS-CoV-2 infects the upper and lower respiratory tracts, it may induce moderate to severe respiratory symptoms, as well as the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin 6 (IL-6). COVID-19-induced reduction of IL-6 in an inflammatory state may have a hitherto undiscovered therapeutic impact. Many inflammatory disorders, including viral infections, has been found to be regulated by IL-6. In individuals with COVID-19, one of the primary inflammatory agents that causes inflammatory storm is IL-6. It promotes the inflammatory response of virus infection, including the virus infection caused by SARS-CoV-2, and provides a new diagnostic and therapeutic strategy. In this review article, we highlighted the functions of IL-6 in the coronavirus, especially in COVID-19, showing that IL-6 activation plays an important function in the progression of coronavirus and is a rational therapeutic goal for inflammation aimed at coronavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Guozheng Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lu’an Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Lu’an, Anhui, China
| | - Yuchen Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affifiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lizhi Zhang
- First Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Bangjie Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yanxun Han
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affifiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ziyue Fu
- Second Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Liuning Wang
- First Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Guangzhi Hu
- First Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qing Ma
- First Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shuyan Sheng
- First Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jianpeng Wang
- First Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xinyang Hu
- First Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Song Shao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lu’an Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Lu’an, Anhui, China,*Correspondence: Song Shao,
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Bernardo-Colón A, Lerner M, Becerra SP. Pigment epithelium-derived factor is an interleukin-6 antagonist in the RPE: Insight of structure-function relationships. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1045613. [DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1045613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal and choroidal inflammatory lesions increase the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6). Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) has anti-inflammatory properties, but it is not known if it can prevent the production of IL-6 by the retinal pigment epithelium. To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of PEDF in the RPE, we used human ARPE-19 cells stimulated with human recombinant tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) to induce overexpression of the IL6 gene. We found that the viability of ARPE-19 cells decreased by 22% with TNF-α at 10 ng/ml, being drastically decreased at ≥50 ng/ml. TNF-α at 5–100 ng/ml elevated the production and secretion of IL-6 protein, as measured by ELISA. To challenge the TNF-α-mediated stimulation of IL-6, we used recombinant human PEDF protein. PEDF at 100 nM recovered the TNF-α-mediated loss of cell viability and repressed IL-6 gene expression as determined by RT-PCR. PEDF at 10–100 nM attenuated the IL-6 protein secretion in a dose dependent fashion (IC50 = 65 nM), being abolished with 100 nM PEDF. To map the region that confers the IL-6 blocking effect to the PEDF polypeptide, we used chemically synthesized peptides designed from its biologically active domains, pro-death 34-mer, and pro-survival 44-mer and 17-mer (H105A), to challenge the IL-6 overproduction. The pro-survival peptides recovered the TNF-α-mediated cell viability loss, and inhibited IL-6 secretion, while the 34-mer did not have an effect, suggesting a role for the pro-survival domain in blocking TNF-α-mediated cell death and IL-6 stimulation. Our findings position PEDF as a novel antagonistic agent of IL-6 production in RPE cells, underscoring its use for the management of retinal disease-related inflammation.
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Qin J, Zheng X, He Y, Hong Y, Liang S, Fang X. The regulation of T helper cell polarization by the diterpenoid fraction of Rhododendron molle based on the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1039441. [PMID: 36386123 PMCID: PMC9640628 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1039441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The diterpenoid fraction (DF) prepared from fruit of Rhododendron molle was shown to have potential therapeutic effects on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats based on our previous studies. As a continuation of those studies, herein, a lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxin shock mouse model was used. The results showed that 0.2 mg/ml of DF significantly increased the mouse survival rate and had an anti-inflammatory effect. Further studies showed that DF could decrease the proportion of T helper cells (Th1 and Th17), and increase the proportion of Th2 and regulatory T cells (Tregs). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays indicated that DF inhibited the secretion of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6; western blotting showed that DF significantly reduced the levels of phosphorylated STAT1 and STAT3. In vitro, DF could dose-dependently inhibit the polarization of naive CD4+ T cells to Th1 or Th17 cells. DF at 10 μg/ml could markedly decrease the expression of mRNA encoding IFN-γ and T-bet, and suppress Th1 differentiation by downregulation of the activity of STAT1 and STAT4. Meanwhile, DF at 10 μg/ml remarkably reduced the expression of mRNA encoding IL-17a, IL-17f, and RORγt, and downregulated STAT3 phosphorylation, suggesting that DF could inhibit Th17 differentiation by reducing STAT3 activation. Taken together, DF blocked the JAK/STAT signaling pathway by inhibiting STAT1 and STAT3 phosphorylation, which clarified the important role of JAK/STAT signaling pathway in anti-rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xin Fang
- *Correspondence: Shuang Liang, ; Xin Fang,
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Combination of Serum and Plasma Biomarkers Could Improve Prediction Performance for Alzheimer’s Disease. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13101738. [PMID: 36292623 PMCID: PMC9601501 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) can be predicted either by serum or plasma biomarkers, and a combination may increase predictive power, but due to the high complexity of machine learning, it may also incur overfitting problems. In this paper, we investigated whether combining serum and plasma biomarkers with feature selection could improve prediction performance for AD. 150 D patients and 150 normal controls (NCs) were enrolled for a serum test, and 100 patients and 100 NCs were enrolled for the plasma test. Among these, 79 ADs and 65 NCs had serum and plasma samples in common. A 10 times repeated 5-fold cross-validation model and a feature selection method were used to overcome the overfitting problem when serum and plasma biomarkers were combined. First, we tested to see if simply adding serum and plasma biomarkers improved prediction performance but also caused overfitting. Then we employed a feature selection algorithm we developed to overcome the overfitting problem. Lastly, we tested the prediction performance in a 10 times repeated 5-fold cross validation model for training and testing sets. We found that the combined biomarkers improved AD prediction but also caused overfitting. A further feature selection based on the combination of serum and plasma biomarkers solved the problem and produced an even higher prediction performance than either serum or plasma biomarkers on their own. The combined feature-selected serum–plasma biomarkers may have critical implications for understanding the pathophysiology of AD and for developing preventative treatments.
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Roy N, Nadda N, Kumar H, Prasad C, Kumar Jha J, Pandey HC, Vanamail P, Saraya A, Balhara YPS, Shalimar, Nayak B. Pattern recognition receptor CD14 gene polymorphisms in alcohol use disorder patients and its Influence on liver disease susceptibility. Front Immunol 2022; 13:975027. [PMID: 36238273 PMCID: PMC9551314 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.975027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) leading to liver disease is major concern over other spectrum of disorder. Excessive alcohol consumption resulting in leaky gut syndrome is attributed to alcohol-induced liver injury through portal translocation of bacterial endotoxin. Susceptibility to alcoholic liver disease (ALD) in AUD patients could be dependent upon genes responsible for inflammation and alcohol metabolism. The pattern recognition receptor CD14 gene is a major player in endotoxin-mediated inflammation and susceptibility to ALD. This study investigated the genetic association of CD14 polymorphisms and other mechanisms relevant to altered inflammatory responses leading to ALD. Methods Patients with alcohol use disorder with ALD (n = 128) and without liver disease (ALC, n = 184) and controls without alcohol use disorder (NALC, n = 152) from North India were enrolled. The CD4 gene polymorphisms in the North Indian population were evaluated by RFLP and sequencing. Secretory CD14 (sCD14), LBP, TLR4, MD2, TNFα, IL1b, IFNγ, IL6, IL10, and IL4 levels in serum were measured by ELISA among groups. The influence of polymorphisms on CD14 gene promoter activity and circulatory bacterial DNA level was determined. Results The CD14 gene promoter and exonic region SNPs were found to be monomorphic, except for SNP rs2569190 for the North Indian population. The genetic association of SNP rs2569190(C/T) with the risk of developing ALD was found significant for TT genotype [ORTT, 95% CI = 2.19, 1.16–4.13 for ALD vs. ALC and OR, 2.09, 1.18–3.72 for ALD vs. NALC]. An increased sCD14 level was observed in AUD patients compared to NALC control. Increased levels of LBP, TLR4, TNFα, IL1β, IFNγ, and IL6 and reduced levels of MD2, IL10, and IL4 were observed among the ALD patients compared to the other two control groups. Elevated levels of pro-inflammatory and reduced levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines were observed in the risk genotype TT groups of ALD patients and the ALC group compared to NALC. Promoter activity was observed in the intronic region flanking SNPs and risk genotype can influence reporter activity, indicating CD14 gene expression. Conclusion Enhanced CD14 expression associated with inflammatory responses increases susceptibility to ALD in the TT genotype of AUD patients.
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刘 晓, 张 小, 李 嘉, 朱 昉, 余 庆, 危 松, 王 曼. [Value of heparin-binding protein in the diagnosis of severe adenovirus pneumonia in children]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2022; 24:1014-1019. [PMID: 36111720 PMCID: PMC9495241 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2203157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the value of serum heparin-binding protein (HBP) in the early diagnosis of severe adenovirus pneumonia in children. METHODS A total of 80 children who were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics, Changsha Central Hospital Affiliated to University of South China, from February 2019 to August 2021 and were diagnosed with adenovirus pneumonia were enrolled as subjects. According to the diagnostic criteria for severe pneumonia, they were divided into two groups: severe adenovirus pneumonia (40 children) and non-severe adenovirus pneumonia (40 children). The two groups were compared in terms of the serum levels of inflammatory markers within 24 hours after admission, such as HBP, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), white blood cell count, platelet count (PLT), and C-reactive protein. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to identify the value of these inflammatory markers in the early diagnosis of severe adenovirus pneumonia. RESULTS Compared with the non-severe adenovirus pneumonia group, the severe adenovirus pneumonia group had a significantly higher serum level of HBP [(46±16) ng/mL vs (28±13) ng/mL, P<0.05], as well as significantly higher levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and PLT (P<0.05). HBP had an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.804 in the early diagnosis of severe adenovirus pneumonia, with a sensitivity of 80.0% and a specificity of 70.0% at the optimal cut-off value of 31.76 ng/mL. The ROC curve analysis of HBP combined with other indicators for the early diagnosis of severe adenovirus pneumonia showed that HBP+TNF-α, HBP+PLT, HBP+IL-6, HBP+TNF-α+IL-6, and HBP+TNF-α+IL-6+PLT had an AUC of 0.866, 0.850, 0.863, 0.886, and 0.894, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Serum HBP may be used as a biomarker for the early diagnosis of severe adenovirus pneumonia, and its combination with TNF-α, IL-6, and PLT can improve its diagnostic value.
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Ohmori S, Takai J, Uemura S, Otsuki A, Mori T, Ohneda K, Moriguchi T. The Il6 -39 kb enhancer containing clustered GATA2- and PU.1-binding sites is essential for Il6 expression in murine mast cells. iScience 2022; 25:104942. [PMID: 36072552 PMCID: PMC9442365 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells serve as a first-line defense of innate immunity. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mast cells plays a crucial role in antibacterial protection. The zinc finger transcription factor GATA2 cooperatively functions with the ETS family transcription factor PU.1 in multiple mast cell activities. However, the regulatory landscape directed by GATA2 and PU.1 under inflammation remains elusive. We herein showed that a large proportion of GATA2-binding peaks were closely located with PU.1-binding peaks in distal cis-regulatory regions of inflammatory cytokine genes in mast cells. Notably, GATA2 and PU.1 played crucial roles in promoting LPS-mediated inflammatory cytokine production. Genetic ablation of GATA2-PU.1-clustered binding sites at the Il6 -39 kb region revealed its central role in LPS-induced Il6 expression in mast cells. We demonstrate a novel collaborative activity of GATA2 and PU.1 in cytokine induction upon inflammatory stimuli via the GATA2-PU.1 overlapping sites in the distal cis-regulatory regions. GATA2- and PU.1-binding peaks are closely located in distal enhancers of cytokine genes GATA2 and PU.1 play crucial roles in promoting LPS-mediated cytokine induction The Il6 -39 kb enhancer containing GATA2 and PU.1 motifs are crucial for Il6 induction GATA2 inhibitor exerts anti-inflammatory effects via reducing cytokine induction
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Shinton SA, Brill-Dashoff J, Hayakawa K. Pla2g2a promotes innate Th2-type immunity lymphocytes to increase B1a cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14899. [PMID: 36050343 PMCID: PMC9437038 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18876-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Newborns require early generation of effective innate immunity as a primary physiological mechanism for survival. The neonatal Lin28+Let7– developmental pathway allows increased generation of Th2-type cells and B1a (B-1 B) cells compared to adult cells and long-term maintenance of these initially generated innate cells. For initial B1a cell growth from the neonatal to adult stage, Th2-type IL-5 production from ILC2s and NKT2 cells is important to increase B1a cells. The Th17 increase is dependent on extracellular bacteria, and increased bacteria leads to lower Th2-type generation. Secreted group IIA-phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-IIA) from the Pla2g2a gene can bind to gram-positive bacteria and degrade bacterial membranes, controlling microbiota in the intestine. BALB/c mice are Pla2g2a+, and express high numbers of Th2-type cells and B1a cells. C57BL/6 mice are Pla2g2a-deficient and distinct from the SLAM family, and exhibit fewer NKT2 cells and fewer B1a cells from the neonatal to adult stage. We found that loss of Pla2g2a in the BALB/c background decreased IL-5 from Th2-type ILC2s and NKT2s but increased bacterial-reactive NKT17 cells and MAIT cells, and decreased the number of early-generated B1a cells and MZ B cells and the CD4/CD8 T cell ratio. Low IL-5 by decreased Th2-type cells in Pla2g2a loss led to low early-generated B1a cell growth from the neonatal to adult stage. In anti-thymocyte/Thy-1 autoreactive μκ transgenic (ATAμκ Tg) Pla2g2a+ BALB/c background C.B17 mice generated NKT2 cells that continuously control CD1d+ B1 B cells through old aging and lost CD1d in B1 B cells generating strong B1 ATA B cell leukemia/lymphoma. Pla2g2a-deficient ATAμκTg C57BL/6 mice suppressed the initial B1a cell increase, with low/negative spontaneous leukemia/lymphoma generation. These data confirmed that the presence of Pla2g2a to control bacteria is important to allow the neonatal to adult stage. Pla2g2a promotes innate Th2-type immunity lymphocytes to increase early generated B1a cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan A Shinton
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Ave., Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
| | | | - Kyoko Hayakawa
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Ave., Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA.
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Kumboyono K, Chomsy IN, Hakim AK, Sujuti H, Hariyanti T, Srihardyastutie A, Wihastuti TA. Detection of Vascular Inflammation and Oxidative Stress by Cotinine in Smokers: Measured Through Interleukin-6 and Superoxide Dismutase. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:7319-7328. [PMID: 36147199 PMCID: PMC9489220 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s367125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kumboyono Kumboyono
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Indah Nur Chomsy
- Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Ardhi Khoirul Hakim
- Master Program of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Hidayat Sujuti
- Department of Biomolecular-Ophtalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
- Saifur Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Tita Hariyanti
- Saifur Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Arie Srihardyastutie
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Titin Andri Wihastuti
- Basic Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
- Correspondence: Titin Andri Wihastuti, Email
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