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Kobayashi S, Sata F, Kishi R. Gene-environment interactions related to maternal exposure to environmental and lifestyle-related chemicals during pregnancy and the resulting adverse fetal growth: a review. Environ Health Prev Med 2022; 27:24. [PMID: 35675978 PMCID: PMC9251623 DOI: 10.1265/ehpm.21-00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are only limited numbers of reviews on the association of maternal-child genetic polymorphisms and environmental and lifestyle-related chemical exposure during pregnancy with adverse fetal growth. Thus, this article aims to review: (1) the effect of associations between the above highlighted factors on adverse fetal growth and (2) recent birth cohort studies regarding environmental health risks. Methods Based on a search of the PubMed database through August 2021, 68 epidemiological studies on gene-environment interactions, focusing on the association between environmental and lifestyle-related chemical exposure and adverse fetal growth was identified. Moreover, we also reviewed recent worldwide birth cohort studies regarding environmental health risks. Results Thirty studies examined gene-smoking associations with adverse fetal growth. Sixteen maternal genes significantly modified the association between maternal smoking and adverse fetal growth. Two genes significantly related with this association were detected in infants. Moreover, the maternal genes that significantly interacted with maternal smoking during pregnancy were cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1), X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 3 (XRCC3), interleukin 6 (IL6), interleukin 1 beta (IL1B), human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DQ alpha 1 (HLA-DQA1), HLA DQ beta 1 (HLA-DQB1), and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Fetal genes that had significant interactions with maternal smoking during pregnancy were glutathione S-transferase theta 1 (GSTT1) and fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO). Thirty-eight studies examined the association between chemical exposures and adverse fetal growth. In 62 of the 68 epidemiological studies (91.2%), a significant association was found with adverse fetal growth. Across the studies, there was a wide variation in the analytical methods used, especially with respect to the genetic polymorphisms of interest, environmental and lifestyle-related chemicals examined, and the study design used to estimate the gene-environment interactions. It was also found that a consistently increasing number of European and worldwide large-scale birth cohort studies on environmental health risks have been conducted since approximately 1996. Conclusion There is some evidence to suggest the importance of gene-environment interactions on adverse fetal growth. The current knowledge on gene-environment interactions will help guide future studies on the combined effects of maternal-child genetic polymorphisms and exposure to environmental and lifestyle-related chemicals during pregnancy. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1265/ehpm.21-00033.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fumihiro Sata
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University.,Health Center, Chuo University
| | - Reiko Kishi
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University
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Kishi R, Ikeda-Araki A, Miyashita C, Itoh S, Kobayashi S, Ait Bamai Y, Yamazaki K, Tamura N, Minatoya M, Ketema RM, Poudel K, Miura R, Masuda H, Itoh M, Yamaguchi T, Fukunaga H, Ito K, Goudarzi H. Hokkaido birth cohort study on environment and children's health: cohort profile 2021. Environ Health Prev Med 2021; 26:59. [PMID: 34022817 PMCID: PMC8141139 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-021-00980-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Hokkaido Study on Environment and Children's Health is an ongoing study consisting of two birth cohorts of different population sizes: the Sapporo cohort and the Hokkaido cohort. Our primary objectives are to (1) examine the effects that low-level environmental chemical exposures have on birth outcomes, including birth defects and growth retardation; (2) follow the development of allergies, infectious diseases, and neurobehavioral developmental disorders, as well as perform a longitudinal observation of child development; (3) identify high-risk groups based on genetic susceptibility to environmental chemicals; and (4) identify the additive effects of various chemicals, including tobacco. METHODS The purpose of this report is to provide an update on the progress of the Hokkaido Study, summarize recent results, and suggest future directions. In particular, this report provides the latest details from questionnaire surveys, face-to-face examinations, and a collection of biological specimens from children and measurements of their chemical exposures. RESULTS The latest findings indicate different risk factors of parental characteristics on birth outcomes and the mediating effect between socioeconomic status and children that are small for the gestational age. Maternal serum folate was not associated with birth defects. Prenatal chemical exposure and smoking were associated with birth size and growth, as well as cord blood biomarkers, such as adiponectin, leptin, thyroid, and reproductive hormones. We also found significant associations between the chemical levels and neuro development, asthma, and allergies. CONCLUSIONS Chemical exposure to children can occur both before and after birth. Longer follow-up for children is crucial in birth cohort studies to reinforce the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease hypothesis. In contrast, considering shifts in the exposure levels due to regulation is also essential, which may also change the association to health outcomes. This study found that individual susceptibility to adverse health effects depends on the genotype. Epigenome modification of DNA methylation was also discovered, indicating the necessity of examining molecular biology perspectives. International collaborations can add a new dimension to the current knowledge and provide novel discoveries in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Kishi
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan. .,WHO Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health and Prevention of Chemical Hazards, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Atsuko Ikeda-Araki
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health and Prevention of Chemical Hazards, Sapporo, Japan.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Chihiro Miyashita
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health and Prevention of Chemical Hazards, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sachiko Itoh
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health and Prevention of Chemical Hazards, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sumitaka Kobayashi
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health and Prevention of Chemical Hazards, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yu Ait Bamai
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health and Prevention of Chemical Hazards, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Keiko Yamazaki
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health and Prevention of Chemical Hazards, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naomi Tamura
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health and Prevention of Chemical Hazards, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Machiko Minatoya
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health and Prevention of Chemical Hazards, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Rahel Mesfin Ketema
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan.,Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kritika Poudel
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health and Prevention of Chemical Hazards, Sapporo, Japan.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ryu Miura
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health and Prevention of Chemical Hazards, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Masuda
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health and Prevention of Chemical Hazards, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mariko Itoh
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health and Prevention of Chemical Hazards, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamaguchi
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health and Prevention of Chemical Hazards, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hisanori Fukunaga
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health and Prevention of Chemical Hazards, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kumiko Ito
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Houman Goudarzi
- Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Center for Medical Education and International Relations, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Hattori Y, Takeda T, Fujii M, Taura J, Yamada H, Ishii Y. Attenuation of growth hormone production at the fetal stage is critical for dioxin-induced developmental disorder in rat offspring. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 186:114495. [PMID: 33711284 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Although dioxins and related chemicals have been suspected to disrupt child development, their toxic mechanism remains poorly understood. Our previous studies in rat fetuses revealed that maternal exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), a highly-toxic dioxin, suppresses fetal synthesis of pituitary growth hormone (GH) that is essential for development. This study examined the hypothesis that attenuating GH expression in fetuses triggers developmental disorders. Treating pregnant rats with 1 μg/kg TCDD reduced the circulating level of GH and its downstream factor, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), in the offspring only during the fetal and early neonatal stages. Although maternal TCDD exposure resulted in low body weight and length at babyhood and defects in the learning and memory ability at adulthood, GH supplementation in TCDD-exposed fetuses restored or tended to restore the defects including IGF-1 downregulation. Moreover, maternal TCDD exposure decreased the number of GH-positive cells during the fetal/neonatal stage. A microarray analysis showed that TCDD reduced the expression of death-associated protein-like 1 (DAPL1), a cell cycle-dependent proliferation regulator, in the fetal pituitary gland. In addition, TCDD treatment attenuated proliferating cells and cyclin mRNA expression in the fetal pituitary gland. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR)-knockout fetuses were insensitive to TCDD treatment, indicating that the TCDD-induced reduction in DAPL1 and GH mRNAs expression was due to AHR activation. Finally, DAPL1 knockdown suppressed GH and cyclin D2 expression in fetal pituitary cells. These results provide a novel evidence that dioxin suppresses GH-producing cell proliferation and GH synthesis due to partly targeting DAPL1, thereby impairing offspring development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Hattori
- Laboratory of Molecular Life Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoki Takeda
- Laboratory of Molecular Life Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Misaki Fujii
- Laboratory of Molecular Life Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Junki Taura
- Laboratory of Molecular Life Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Yamada
- Laboratory of Molecular Life Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuji Ishii
- Laboratory of Molecular Life Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Division of Pharmaceutical Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Lee M, Ha M, Hong YC, Park H, Kim Y, Kim EJ, Kim Y, Ha E. Exposure to prenatal secondhand smoke and early neurodevelopment: Mothers and Children's Environmental Health (MOCEH) study. Environ Health 2019; 18:22. [PMID: 30894196 PMCID: PMC6425627 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-019-0463-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) during pregnancy and a child's neurodevelopment has not been established yet. We explored the association between prenatal exposure to SHS and neurodevelopment at 24 months of age considering genetic polymorphism and breastfeeding in 720 mothers and their offspring enrolled in the Korean multicenter birth cohort study (Mothers and Children Environmental Health, MOCEH). METHODS We quantified urine cotinine concentrations in mothers once from 12th to 20th gestational weeks and excluded those whose urine cotinine levels exceeded 42.7 ng/ml to represent SHS exposure in early pregnancy. Mental developmental index (MDI) and psychomotor developmental index (PDI) values were measured using the Korean version of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II (K-BSID-II) at 24 months of age. A general linear model was used to assess the relationship between maternal urinary cotinine level and neurodevelopment. RESULTS MDI scores were inversely associated with cotinine [β = - 2.73; 95% confidence interval (CI): - 5.32 to - 0.15] in children whose mothers had early pregnancy urinary cotinine levels >1.90 ng/ml. No association was evident in children whose mothers had cotinine levels ≤1.90 ng/ml. This negative association was more pronounced in children whose mothers had both Glutathione S-transferases mu 1 (GSTM1) and theta 1 (GSTT1) null type [β = - 5.78; 95% CI: -10.69 to - 0.87], but not in children whose mothers had any present type of GSTM1/GSTT1 [β = - 1.64; 95% CI: -4.79 to 1.52]. The association was no longer significant when children received breast milk exclusively for up to 6 months [β = - 0.24; 95% CI: -4.69 to 4.20] compared to others [β = - 3.75; 95% CI: -7.51 to 0.00]. No significant association was found for PDI. CONCLUSIONS Maternal exposure to SHS during pregnancy may result in delayed MDI in early childhood. This effect might be modified by genetic polymorphism and breastfeeding behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeongjee Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mina Ha
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Chul Hong
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyesook Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yangho Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Jung Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeni Kim
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhee Ha
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Ewha Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Eskenazi B, Warner M, Brambilla P, Signorini S, Ames J, Mocarelli P. The Seveso accident: A look at 40 years of health research and beyond. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 121:71-84. [PMID: 30179766 PMCID: PMC6221983 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
A 1976 chemical factory explosion near Seveso, Italy exposed residents to high levels of 2,3,7,8-tetracholorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD or dioxin). Dioxin is a known human carcinogen and potent endocrine disruptor. It is highly lipophilic and has a long half-life in humans. Much of what we know and can learn about the risks of dioxin exposure on human health arose from the tragic circumstances of Seveso. This review aims to describe the Seveso accident, summarize the results of 40 years of research on the health of the Seveso population since the accident, and discuss next-stage research on the health of Seveso residents, their children, and grandchildren.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Eskenazi
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Marcella Warner
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, School of Medicine, Hospital of Desio, Desio-Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Signorini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, School of Medicine, Hospital of Desio, Desio-Milano, Italy
| | - Jennifer Ames
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Paolo Mocarelli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, School of Medicine, Hospital of Desio, Desio-Milano, Italy
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Ames J, Warner M, Mocarelli P, Brambilla P, Signorini S, Siracusa C, Huen K, Holland N, Eskenazi B. AHR gene-dioxin interactions and birthweight in the Seveso Second Generation Health Study. Int J Epidemiol 2018; 47:1992-2004. [PMID: 30124847 PMCID: PMC6280946 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyy165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is proposed to interfere with fetal growth via altered activity of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (protein: AHR; gene: AHR) pathway which regulates diverse biological and developmental processes including xenobiotic metabolism. Genetic variation in AHR is an important driver of susceptibility to low birthweight in children exposed to prenatal smoking, but less is known about these genetic interactions with TCDD, AHR's most potent xenobiotic ligand. Methods The Seveso Women's Health Study (SWHS), initiated in 1996, is a cohort of 981 Italian women exposed to TCDD from an industrial explosion in July 1976. We measured TCDD concentrations in maternal serum collected close to the time of the accident. In 2008 and 2014, we followed up the SWHS cohort and collected data on birth outcomes of SWHS women with post-accident pregnancies. We genotyped 19 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in AHR among the 574 SWHS mothers. Results Among 901 singleton births, neither SNPs nor TCDD exposure alone were significantly associated with birthweight. However, we found six individual SNPs in AHR which adversely modified the association between maternal TCDD and birthweight, implicating gene-environment interaction. We saw an even stronger susceptibility to TCDD due to interaction when we examined the joint contribution of these SNPs in a risk allele score. These SNPs were all located in noncoding regions of AHR, particularly in proximity to the promoter. Conclusions This is the first study to demonstrate that genetic variation across the maternal AHR gene may shape fetal susceptibilities to TCDD exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Ames
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Marcella Warner
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Paolo Mocarelli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Milan-Bicocca, Hospital of Desio, Desio-Milano, Italy
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Milan-Bicocca, Hospital of Desio, Desio-Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Signorini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Milan-Bicocca, Hospital of Desio, Desio-Milano, Italy
| | - Claudia Siracusa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Milan-Bicocca, Hospital of Desio, Desio-Milano, Italy
| | - Karen Huen
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Nina Holland
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Brenda Eskenazi
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Dong X, Wang Q, Peng J, Wu M, Pan B, Xing B. Transfer of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from mother to fetus in relation to pregnancy complications. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 636:61-68. [PMID: 29702403 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation and transfer of carcinogens, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), in the human body, especially from mother to fetus, has been the subject of many research studies, but the related data are limited and the mechanisms are unknown. This is the first study to investigate the distribution of PAHs in paired samples of maternal blood, placenta tissue, and umbilical cord blood in relation to pregnancy complications. Sixty-four pairs of samples were collected in Kunming, China; 18 were from healthy pregnant women and 46 were from patients with pregnancy complications. The predominant PAHs in these pregnant women were high-molecular-weight (HMW) compounds, mainly from the incomplete combustion or pyrolysis of biomass. In the control group, the total amount of HMW compounds (ΣHMWPAHs) was significantly higher in maternal blood than in umbilical cord blood, which suggested that placenta may decrease PAH transfer in healthy pregnant women. However, this phenomenon was not observed for low-molecular-weight PAHs or in the case group. In the control group, Σ16PAH and ΣHMWPAH in the placenta were higher than those in maternal blood and umbilical cord blood; for the case group, a contrasting result was observed. ΣHMWPAHs in the placenta was significantly higher in the control group than in the case group. The same results were observed after the exclusion of the impact of the genotypes of the PAH metabolic enzymes (both phase I and phase II enzymes). Thus, the decreased PAH transfer from mother to fetus may partially result from the accumulation of PAHs inside the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Dong
- The Obstetrical Department of the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province (The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology), Kunming 650500, China
| | - Qibing Wang
- The Obstetrical Department of the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province (The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology), Kunming 650500, China
| | - Juan Peng
- The Obstetrical Department of the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province (The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology), Kunming 650500, China
| | - Min Wu
- Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Bo Pan
- Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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8
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Hiraku Y. [Environmental Factors and MicroRNA: Application for DOHaD Research and Future Perspectives]. Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi 2018; 73:105-109. [PMID: 29848859 DOI: 10.1265/jjh.73.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In Japan, the prevalence of low birth weight (< 2,500 g) has been increasing, probably owing to leanness, exposure to toxic chemicals and smoking. Epidemiological studies revealed that low birth weight poses risks of hypertension, coronary heart diseases and diabetes. Although the precise mechanism has not been understood, there is an urgent need for appropriate public health interventions. MicroRNA (miRNA) is a small RNA consisting of approximately 22 nucleotides and distributed in a wide variety of organs and body fluids. miRNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of various human diseases and expected to be their potential biomarkers. The interest on the study on miRNA in the research field of developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) has been growing, and the number of related papers has been increasing. There are several molecular epidemiological studies on the relationship between maternal miRNA and fetal development. The effects of smoking and dietary factors on miRNA expression and fetal development have been investigated in epidemiological and experimental studies. However, the role of maternal miRNA in fetal development has not been well understood so far. In this review, the current status of studies on miRNA expression in DOHaD research is described and future perspectives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Hiraku
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine
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9
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Kishi R, Araki A, Miyashita C, Itoh S, Minatoya M, Kobayashi S, Yamazaki K, Ait Bamai Y, Miura R, Tamura N. [Importance of Two Birth Cohorts (n=20,926 and n=514): 15 Years' Experience of the Hokkaido Study on Environment and Children's Health: Malformation, Development and Allergy]. Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi 2018; 73:164-177. [PMID: 29848869 DOI: 10.1265/jjh.73.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Since "Our Stolen Future" by Theo Colborn was published in 1996, global interest on the impact of chemical substances, such as the endocrine-disrupting action of chemicals, has increased. In Japan, "The Hokkaido Study on Environment and Children's Health: Malformation, Development and Allergy" was launched in 2001. It was a model of Japan Environment and Children's Study of the Ministry of the Environment. In a large-scale, Hokkaido cohort, we obtained the consent of 20,926 mothers at the organogenesis stage with the cooperation of 37 obstetrics clinics in Hokkaido. We tracked the effects of endocrine disruptors on developmental disorders. In a small-scale Sapporo cohort, we observed in detail the neuropsychiatric development of children with the consent of 514 mothers in their late pregnancy. We examined how prenatal exposure to low concentrations of environmental chemicals affect the development of organs and the postnatal development of children. Maternal exposure to POPs, such as PCB/dioxins and perfluorinated alkyl substances, has affected not only children's birth size, thyroid functions, and sex hormone levels, but also postnatal neurodevelopment, infection, and allergy among others. The associations of short-half-life substances, such as DEHP and BPA, with obesity, ASD, and ADHD have been investigated. Gene-environment interactions have been found for smoking, caffeine, folic acid, and PCB/dioxin. In 2015, our center was officially designated as the WHO Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health and Prevention of Chemical Hazards, and we continue to the contribute to the global perspectives of child health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Kishi
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences,Hokkaido University.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health and Prevention of Chemical Hazards
| | - Atsuko Araki
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences,Hokkaido University.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health and Prevention of Chemical Hazards
| | - Chihiro Miyashita
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences,Hokkaido University.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health and Prevention of Chemical Hazards
| | - Sachiko Itoh
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences,Hokkaido University.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health and Prevention of Chemical Hazards
| | - Machiko Minatoya
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences,Hokkaido University.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health and Prevention of Chemical Hazards
| | - Sumitaka Kobayashi
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences,Hokkaido University.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health and Prevention of Chemical Hazards
| | - Keiko Yamazaki
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences,Hokkaido University.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health and Prevention of Chemical Hazards
| | - Yu Ait Bamai
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences,Hokkaido University.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health and Prevention of Chemical Hazards
| | - Ryu Miura
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences,Hokkaido University.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health and Prevention of Chemical Hazards
| | - Naomi Tamura
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences,Hokkaido University.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health and Prevention of Chemical Hazards
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10
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Association between DNA methylation in cord blood and maternal smoking: The Hokkaido Study on Environment and Children's Health. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5654. [PMID: 29618728 PMCID: PMC5884848 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23772-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal smoking is reported to cause adverse effects on the health of the unborn child, the underlying mechanism for which is thought to involve alterations in DNA methylation. We examined the effects of maternal smoking on DNA methylation in cord blood, in 247 mother–infant pairs in the Sapporo cohort of the Hokkaido Study, using the Infinium HumanMethylation 450K BeadChip. We first identified differentially methylated CpG sites with a false discovery rate (FDR) of <0.05 and the magnitude of DNA methylation changes (|β| >0.02) from the pairwise comparisons of never-smokers (Ne-S), sustained-smokers (Su-S), and stopped-smokers (St-S). Subsequently, secondary comparisons between St-S and Su-S revealed nine common sites that mapped to ACSM3, AHRR, CYP1A1, GFI1, SHANK2, TRIM36, and the intergenic region between ANKRD9 and RCOR1 in Ne-S vs. Su-S, and one common CpG site mapping to EVC2 in Ne-S vs. St-S. Further, we verified these CpG sites and examined neighbouring sites using bisulfite next-generation sequencing, except for AHRR cg21161138. These changes in DNA methylation implicate the effect of smoking cessation. Our findings add to the current knowledge of the association between DNA methylation and maternal smoking and suggest future studies for clarifying this relationship in disease development.
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11
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Ahluwalia M, Kaur A. Modulatory role of GSTT1 and GSTM1 in Punjabi agricultural workers exposed to pesticides. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:11981-11986. [PMID: 29450776 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1459-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferases are important detoxification enzymes involved in the metabolism of endogenous as well as exogenous compounds. Individuals differ in metabolic capacity due to inherited genetic variations. Due to the polymorphism exhibited by GSTT1 and GSTM1 that results in the complete loss of function, the present study was aimed towards the determination of the frequency distribution of GSTT1 and GSTM1 in agricultural workers in Punjab, India. The study aimed to investigate their contribution in susceptibility to increased disease risk. A total of 513 subjects were included in this study, out of which 250 were agriculture workers and 263 were non-exposed occupationally. GSTT1 and GSTM1 null-genotype distribution was analyzed through multiplex-PCR method. Complete gene deletion in either of the genes was strongly associated with an increased risk (OR = 1.8; 95% CI = 1.3-2.6; p < 0.0008) of DNA/cytogenetic damage, cancer, infertility, and many other serious health effects. Therefore, homozygous deletion in GSTT1 or GSTM1 could play a modulatory role in health of workers with long-term exposure to pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anupam Kaur
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India.
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12
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Assessment of interaction between maternal polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure and genetic polymorphisms on the risk of congenital heart diseases. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3075. [PMID: 29449662 PMCID: PMC5814464 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21380-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The major causes of congenital heart diseases (CHDs) are the interactions of genetic and environmental factors. We conducted a case–control study in 357 mothers of CHDs fetuses and 270 control mothers to investigate the association of maternal PAHs exposure, AHR, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP1B1 and CYP2E polymorphisms, the interaction between PAHs exposure and genetic variants with the risk of CHDs. The higher level PAHs exposure was associated with the risk of CHDs (aOR = 2.029, 95% CI: 1.266, 3.251) or subtypes. The haplotypes of AHR or CYP1A2 were associated with the risk of CHDs: AHR: C-G-A-C: aOR = 0.765; T-A-G-A: aOR = 1.33; CYP1A2: A-T:aOR = 1.75; C-C: aOR = 0.706. When exposed to higher level PAHs, the risk of CHDs among the mothers carrying rs2158041 “C/T or T/T” genotype or rs7811989 “G/A or A/A” genotype in AHR was 1.724 (χ2 = 7.209, P = 0.007) or 1.735 (χ2 = 7.364, P = 0.007) times greater than the aOR in the mothers carrying wild genotype. The multiplicative-scale interactions between PAHs exposure and polymorphisms of CYP1A2 rs4646425 (P = 0.03) or CYP2E1 rs915908 (P = 0.0238) on the risk of CHDs were observed. Our study suggests that maternal AHR polymorphisms may modify the association of PAHs exposure with CHDs, CYP1A2 or CYP2E1 polymorphisms significantly interact with PAHs exposure on CHDs.
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13
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Huang L, Luo Y, Wen X, He YH, Ding P, Xie C, Liu T, Yuan SX, Jia DQ, Chen WQ. Gene-gene-environment interactions of prenatal exposed to environmental tobacco smoke, CYP1A1 and GSTs polymorphisms on full-term low birth weight: relationship of maternal passive smoking, gene polymorphisms, and FT-LBW. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2018; 32:2200-2208. [PMID: 29338478 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2018.1429394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the interaction effects of prenatal exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and genotypes of cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1), glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) on the risk of full-term low birth weight (FT-LBW). STUDY DESIGN We conducted a case-control study among pregnant women at two Women and Children's Hospitals in Guangdong, China (n = 910). Information was collected through interview, medical records review, and blood lab tests. Maternal selfreport and serum cotinine concentration were combined to define prenatal exposed to ETS. Logistic regression approach was applied for statistical analysis. RESULTS Our results showed that regardless of genotypes, prenatal exposed to ETS significantly increased the risk of FT-LBW. Then, two-way interactions showed increased prevalence of FT-LBW in prenatal exposed to ETS mothers with the CYP1A1 variant genotype (MspI "CC"), or with GSTT1-null genotype. Furthermore, three-way interactions showed that women with CYP1A1 variant (MspI "TC" or BsrDI "AG") genotypes and GSTT1 "null" genotype had higher risk to give birth of FT-LBW. Additionally, among nonexposed ETS mothers, genotype did not independently confer adverse effects on FT-LBW. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed that prenatal exposed to ETS is independently associated with FT-LBW while gene polymorphisms of CYP1A1 and GSTs merely play modified roles in this process. This study extends understanding of three-way interaction, and stresses the need to tobacco control toward pregnant women for better pregnant outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Huang
- a Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health , School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yijuan Luo
- a Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health , School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China.,b Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Shenzhen , China
| | - Xiaozhong Wen
- c Department of Pediatrics, Division of Behavioral Medicine , School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo , Buffalo , NY , USA.,d Department of Social and Preventive Medicine , School of Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York at Buffalo , Buffalo , NY , USA
| | - Yan-Hui He
- a Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health , School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Peng Ding
- a Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health , School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Chuanbo Xie
- a Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health , School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Tao Liu
- a Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health , School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Shi-Xin Yuan
- e Shenzhen Women and Children's Hospital , Shenzhen , China
| | - De-Qin Jia
- f Foshan Women and Children's Hospital , Foshan , China
| | - Wei-Qing Chen
- a Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health , School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China.,g Department of Information Management , Xinhua College, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
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14
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Braimoh TS, Kobayashi S, Sata F, Sasaki S, Goudarzi H, Yila TA, Araki A, Miyashita C, Minakami H, Baba T, Sengoku K, Kishi R. Association of prenatal passive smoking and metabolic gene polymorphisms with child growth from birth to 3years of age in the Hokkaido Birth Cohort Study on Environment and Children's Health. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 605-606:995-1002. [PMID: 28693112 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Although the effects of prenatal passive smoking on birth weight have been reported, the effects of metabolic gene polymorphisms on passive smoking have not been studied. Therefore, we investigated the effects of maternal passive smoking and metabolic gene polymorphisms on child growth up to 3years of age using cotinine as a biomarker. We included 1356 Japanese participants in a prospective cohort between 2003 and 2007 (cotinine levels at the third trimester≤0.21ng/mL and 0.22 to 11.48ng/mL for non-passive and passive smokers, respectively), and measured child outcomes such as weight, length, head circumference, and Kaup index. Additionally, we analyzed cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1), epoxide hydrolase 1 (EPHX1), and two N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) genotypes using real-time polymerase chain reaction methods. Associations were investigated using multiple regression models. Kaup index gain from birth up to 3years of age was significantly smaller in children born to passive smokers than in those born to non-passive smokers (-0.34kg/m2; 95% confidence interval: -0.67, -0.01). Maternal CYP1A1 genotype was not associated with prenatal passive smoking and Kaup index gain, but was significantly associated with prenatal passive smoking and head circumference gain from birth up to 3years of age (-0.75cm; 95% confidence interval: -1.39, -0.12). Thus, this study suggests that prenatal passive smoking may have potent effects on postnatal growth from birth up to 3years of age. Moreover, children with maternal CYP1A1 genotype may be more susceptible to the effects of prenatal passive smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titilola Serifat Braimoh
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North-15, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0838, Japan; Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Sumitaka Kobayashi
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North-15, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0838, Japan; Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Sata
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; Health Center, Chuo University, 42-8, Ichigaya-Hommura-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8473, Japan
| | - Seiko Sasaki
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North-15, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0838, Japan
| | - Houman Goudarzi
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North-15, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0838, Japan
| | - Thamar Ayo Yila
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Atsuko Araki
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Chihiro Miyashita
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Hisanori Minakami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North-15, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0838, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Baba
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, South-1, West-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Kazuo Sengoku
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan
| | - Reiko Kishi
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
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15
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Kobayashi S, Sata F, Sasaki S, Braimoh TS, Araki A, Miyashita C, Goudarzi H, Kobayashi S, Kishi R. Modification of adverse health effects of maternal active and passive smoking by genetic susceptibility: Dose-dependent association of plasma cotinine with infant birth size among Japanese women-The Hokkaido Study. Reprod Toxicol 2017; 74:94-103. [PMID: 28893607 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to assess the individual dose-response effects of eight maternal polymorphisms encoding polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-metabolizing and DNA-repair genes on prenatal cotinine levels according to infant birth size. METHODS In total, 3263 Japanese pregnant women were assigned to five groups based on plasma cotinine levels during the 8th month of pregnancy, as measured using ELISA (cut-offs: 0.21, 0.55, 11.48, and 101.67ng/mL). Analyses were performed using multiple linear regression. RESULTS Birth weight reduction showed a dose-dependent relationship with prenatal cotinine levels (P for trend<0.001). When considering the specific aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) (G>A, Arg554Lys; db SNP ID: rs2066853) and X-ray cross-complementing gene 1 (XRCC1) (C>T, Arg194Trp, rs1799782) genotypes, a larger birth weight reduction was noted among infants born to mothers with the highest cotinine level. CONCLUSION Infants born to women with specific AHR and XRCC1 genotypes may have higher genetic risks for birth weight reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumitaka Kobayashi
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan; Department of Public Health Sciences, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North-15, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Sata
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan; Health Center, Chuo University, 42-8, Ichigaya-Hommura-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8473, Japan
| | - Seiko Sasaki
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North-15, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Titilola Serifat Braimoh
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan; Department of Public Health Sciences, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North-15, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Atsuko Araki
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan
| | - Chihiro Miyashita
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan
| | - Houman Goudarzi
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan
| | - Sachiko Kobayashi
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan
| | - Reiko Kishi
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan.
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16
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Kishi R, Araki A, Minatoya M, Hanaoka T, Miyashita C, Itoh S, Kobayashi S, Ait Bamai Y, Yamazaki K, Miura R, Tamura N, Ito K, Goudarzi H. The Hokkaido Birth Cohort Study on Environment and Children's Health: cohort profile-updated 2017. Environ Health Prev Med 2017; 22:46. [PMID: 29165157 PMCID: PMC5664568 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-017-0654-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hokkaido Study on Environment and Children’s Health is an ongoing study consisting of two birth cohorts of different population sizes: the Sapporo cohort and the Hokkaido cohort. Our primary study goals are (1) to examine the effects of low-level environmental chemical exposures on birth outcomes, including birth defects and growth retardation; (2) to follow the development of allergies, infectious diseases, and neurobehavioral developmental disorders and perform a longitudinal observation of child development; (3) to identify high-risk groups based on genetic susceptibility to environmental chemicals; and (4) to identify the additive effects of various chemicals, including tobacco smoking. The purpose of this report is to update the progress of the Hokkaido Study, to summarize the recent results, and to suggest future directions. In particular, this report provides the basic characteristics of the cohort populations, discusses the population remaining in the cohorts and those who were lost to follow-up at birth, and introduces the newly added follow-up studies and case-cohort study design. In the Sapporo cohort of 514 enrolled pregnant women, various specimens, including maternal and cord blood, maternal hair, and breast milk, were collected for the assessment of exposures to dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticides, perfluoroalkyl substances, phthalates, bisphenol A, and methylmercury. As follow-ups, face-to-face neurobehavioral developmental tests were conducted at several different ages. In the Hokkaido cohort of 20,926 enrolled pregnant women, the prevalence of complicated pregnancies and birth outcomes, such as miscarriage, stillbirth, low birth weight, preterm birth, and small for gestational age were examined. The levels of exposure to environmental chemicals were relatively low in these study populations compared to those reported previously. We also studied environmental chemical exposure in association with health outcomes, including birth size, neonatal hormone levels, neurobehavioral development, asthma, allergies, and infectious diseases. In addition, genetic and epigenetic analyses were conducted. The results of this study demonstrate the effects of environmental chemical exposures on genetically susceptible populations and on DNA methylation. Further study and continuous follow-up are necessary to elucidate the combined effects of chemical exposure on health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Kishi
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan.
| | - Atsuko Araki
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Machiko Minatoya
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Hanaoka
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Chihiro Miyashita
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Sachiko Itoh
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Sumitaka Kobayashi
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yu Ait Bamai
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Keiko Yamazaki
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Ryu Miura
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Naomi Tamura
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan.,Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kumiko Ito
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan.,Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Houman Goudarzi
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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17
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Kobayashi S, Sata F, Miyashita C, Sasaki S, Ban S, Araki A, Goudarzi H, Kajiwara J, Todaka T, Kishi R. Dioxin-metabolizing genes in relation to effects of prenatal dioxin levels and reduced birth size: The Hokkaido study. Reprod Toxicol 2016; 67:111-116. [PMID: 27939992 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated the effects of maternal polymorphisms in 3 genes encoding dioxin-metabolizing enzymes in relation to prenatal dioxin levels on infant birth size in Japan. METHODS We examined the relationship between dioxin exposure and birth size in relation to the polymorphisms in the genes encoding aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AHR [G>A, Arg554Lys]), cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 (T6235C), and glutathione S-transferase mu 1 (GSTM1; Non-null/null) in 421 participants using multiple linear regression models. RESULTS In mothers carrying the GSTM1 null genotype, a ten-fold increase in total dioxin toxic equivalency was correlated with a decrease in birth weight of -345g (95% confidence interval: -584, -105). CONCLUSIONS We observed adverse effects of maternal GSTM1 null genotype on birth weight in the presence of dioxins exposure during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumitaka Kobayashi
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Sata
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; Health Center, Chuo University, 42-8, Ichigaya-Hommura-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8473, Japan
| | - Chihiro Miyashita
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Seiko Sasaki
- Department of Public Health, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North-15, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Susumu Ban
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 3500-3, Minami-Tamagaki-cho, Suzuka 513-8670, Japan
| | - Atsuko Araki
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Houman Goudarzi
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Jumboku Kajiwara
- Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, Mukaizano 39, Dazaifu 818-0135, Japan
| | - Takashi Todaka
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Reiko Kishi
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
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18
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Kobayashi S, Sata F, Sasaki S, Braimoh TS, Araki A, Miyashita C, Goudarzi H, Kobayashi S, Kishi R. Combined effects of AHR, CYP1A1, and XRCC1 genotypes and prenatal maternal smoking on infant birth size: Biomarker assessment in the Hokkaido Study. Reprod Toxicol 2016; 65:295-306. [PMID: 27592400 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated the individual and combined effects of maternal polymorphisms encoding the aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AHR; rs2066853), cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 (rs1048963), and the X-ray-complementing gene 1 (XRCC1; rs1799782) and prenatal smoking in relation to infant birth size. METHODS Totally, 3263 participants (1998 non-smokers and 1265 smokers) were included in the study between 2003 and 2007. Two groups of mothers were distinguished by plasma cotinine levels by ELISA measured during the third trimester (cut-off=11.48ng/mL). We conducted data analysis using multiple linear regression models. RESULTS Infants whose mothers smoked and had AHR-GG, CYP1A1-AG/GG, and XRCC1-CT/TT genotypes weighed, -145g less than those born of mothers who did not smoke and had the AHR-GA/AA, CYP1A1-AA, and XRCC1-CC genotypes (95% CI: -241, -50). CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that infants whose mothers smoked during pregnancy with the combination of AHR, CYP1A1, and XRCC1 polymorphisms had lower birth size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumitaka Kobayashi
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan; Department of Public Health Sciences, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North-15, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Sata
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan; Health Center, Chuo University, 42-8, Ichigaya-Hommura-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8473, Japan
| | - Seiko Sasaki
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North-15, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Titilola Serifat Braimoh
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan; Department of Public Health Sciences, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North-15, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Atsuko Araki
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan
| | - Chihiro Miyashita
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan
| | - Houman Goudarzi
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan
| | - Sachiko Kobayashi
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan
| | - Reiko Kishi
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan.
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Faqi AS, Holm KA. Metabolism and Drug–Drug Interaction in Pregnant Mother/Placenta/Fetus. METHODS IN PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/7653_2016_64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Kishi R, Kobayashi S, Ikeno T, Araki A, Miyashita C, Itoh S, Sasaki S, Okada E, Kobayashi S, Kashino I, Itoh K, Nakajima S. Ten years of progress in the Hokkaido birth cohort study on environment and children's health: cohort profile--updated 2013. Environ Health Prev Med 2014; 18:429-50. [PMID: 23959649 DOI: 10.1007/s12199-013-0357-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hokkaido Study on Environment and Children's Health is an ongoing cohort study that began in 2002. The study consists of two prospective birth cohorts, the Sapporo cohort (n = 514) and the Hokkaido large-scale cohort (n = 20,940). The primary goals of this study are to first examine the potential negative effects of perinatal environmental chemical exposures on birth outcomes, including congenital malformations and growth retardation; second, to evaluate the development of allergies, infectious diseases and neurodevelopmental disorders and perform longitudinal observations of the children's physical development to clarify the causal relationship between these outcomes and environmental chemicals; third, to identify individuals genetically susceptible to environmental chemicals; finally, to identify the additive effects of various environmental factors in our daily life, such as secondhand smoke exposure or low folate intake during early pregnancy. In this paper, we introduce our recent progress in the Hokkaido study with a cohort profile updated in 2013. For the last ten years, we followed pregnant women and their offspring, measuring various environmental chemicals, i.e., PCB, OH-PCB and dioxins, PFCs (Perfluorinated Compounds), Organochlorine pesticides, Phthalates, bisphenol A and mercury. We discovered that the concentration of toxic equivalents (TEQ) of dioxin and other specific congeners of PCDF or PCDD have effects on birth weight, infants' neurodevelopment and immune function. There were significant gender differences in these effects; our results suggest that male infants have more susceptibility to those chemical exposures than female infants. Interestingly, we found maternal genetic polymorphisms in AHR, CYP1A1 or GSTs that significantly modified the dioxin concentrations in maternal blood, suggesting different dioxin accumulations in the bodies of individuals with these genotypes, which would lead to different dioxin exposure levels. These genetic susceptibility factors influenced the body size of children born from mothers that either smoked or were passively exposed to tobacco smoke. Further studies investigating the correlation between epigenetics, the effects of intrauterine exposure to environmental chemicals and developmental factors related to health and disease are warranted.
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Reeves S, Bernstein I. Effects of maternal tobacco-smoke exposure on fetal growth and neonatal size. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 3:719-730. [PMID: 19881889 DOI: 10.1586/17474108.3.6.719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to tobacco smoke, through both active and passive measures, has a significant impact on women's health, including effects on the cardiovascular, pulmonary and reproductive systems. Of particular interest is the effect of smoking on pregnancy outcomes. One crucial outcome that has been linked to the subsequent development of both neonatal and adult disease is intrauterine or fetal growth restriction. In this article, we will summarize the effects of smoking on newborn size and fetal growth. We will review evidence showing that tobacco consumption during pregnancy leads to a reduction in birthweight, largely through affecting specific anthropometric measures and newborn body composition. We will highlight the role of genetic susceptibility to these effects and discuss how smoking cessation prior to the third trimester results in a reduction in the risk of fetal growth restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Reeves
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Smith 404, 111 Colchester Avenue, Burlington, VT 05401, USA Tel.: +1 802 847 5066
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Kobayashi S, Sata F, Sasaki S, Ban S, Miyashita C, Okada E, Limpar M, Yoshioka E, Kajiwara J, Todaka T, Saijo Y, Kishi R. Genetic association of aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 (CYP1A1) polymorphisms with dioxin blood concentrations among pregnant Japanese women. Toxicol Lett 2013; 219:269-78. [PMID: 23528250 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Dioxins are metabolized by cytochrome P450, family 1 (CYP1) via the aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). We determined whether different blood dioxin concentrations are associated with polymorphisms in AHR (dbSNP ID: rs2066853), AHR repressor (AHRR; rs2292596), CYP1 subfamily A polypeptide 1 (CYP1A1; rs4646903 and rs1048963), CYP1 subfamily A polypeptide 2 (CYP1A2; rs762551), and CYP1 subfamily B polypeptide 1 (CYP1B1; rs1056836) in pregnant Japanese women. These six polymorphisms were detected in 421 healthy pregnant Japanese women. Differences in dioxin exposure concentrations in maternal blood among the genotypes were investigated. Comparisons among the GG, GA, and AA genotypes of AHR showed a significant difference (genotype model: P=0.016 for the mono-ortho polychlorinated biphenyl concentrations and toxicity equivalence quantities [TEQs]). Second, we found a significant association with the dominant genotype model ([TT+TC] vs. CC: P=0.048 for the polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin TEQs; P=0.035 for polychlorinated dibenzofuran TEQs) of CYP1A1 (rs4646903). No significant differences were found among blood dioxin concentrations and polymorphisms in AHRR, CYP1A1 (rs1048963), CYP1A2, and CYP1B1. Thus, polymorphisms in AHR and CYP1A1 (rs4646903) were associated with maternal dioxin concentrations. However, differences in blood dioxin concentrations were relatively low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumitaka Kobayashi
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15, West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Hokkaido, Japan
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Danileviciute A, Grazuleviciene R, Paulauskas A, Nadisauskiene R, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ. Low level maternal smoking and infant birthweight reduction: genetic contributions of GSTT1 and GSTM1 polymorphisms. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2012; 12:161. [PMID: 23268570 PMCID: PMC3562502 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2393-12-161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic susceptibility to tobacco smoke might modify the effect of smoking on pregnancy outcomes. METHODS We conducted a case-control study of 543 women who delivered singleton live births in Kaunas (Lithuania), examining the association between low-level tobacco smoke exposure (mean: 4.8 cigarettes/day) during pregnancy, GSTT1 and GSTM1 polymorphisms and birthweight of the infant. Multiple linear-regression analysis was performed adjusting for gestational age, maternal education, family status, body mass index, blood pressure, and parity. Subsequently, we tested for the interaction effect of maternal smoking, GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes polymorphisms with birthweight by adding all the product terms in the regression models. RESULTS The findings suggested a birthweight reduction among light-smoking with the GSTT1-null genotype (-162.9 g, P = 0.041) and those with the GSTM1-null genotype (-118.7 g, P = 0.069). When a combination of these genotypes was considered, birthweight was significantly lower for infants of smoking women the carriers of the double-null genotypes (-311.2 g, P = 0.008). The interaction effect of maternal smoking, GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes was marginally significant on birthweight (-234.5 g, P = 0.078). Among non-smokers, genotype did not independently confer an adverse effect on infant birthweight. CONCLUSIONS The study shows the GSTT1-null genotype, either presents only one or both with GSTM1-null genotype in a single subject, have a modifying effect on birthweight among smoking women even though their smoking is low level. Our data also indicate that identification of the group of susceptible subjects should be based on both environmental exposure and gene polymorphism. Findings of this study add additional evidence on the interplay among two key GST genes and maternal smoking on birth weight of newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asta Danileviciute
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Donelaicio st, 58, 44248, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Suter MA, Anders AM, Aagaard KM. Maternal smoking as a model for environmental epigenetic changes affecting birthweight and fetal programming. Mol Hum Reprod 2012; 19:1-6. [PMID: 23139402 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gas050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the association between maternal smoking and low birthweight infants has been well established, the mechanisms behind reduced fetal growth are still being elucidated. While many infants are exposed to tobacco smoke in utero, not all are born growth restricted or small for gestational age. Many hypotheses have emerged to explain the differential response to in utero maternal tobacco smoke exposure (MTSE). Studies have shown that both maternal and fetal genotypes may contribute to the discrepant outcomes. However, the contribution of epigenetic changes cannot be ignored. In this review we address two important questions regarding the effect of MTSE on the fetal epigenome. First, does exposure to maternal tobacco smoke in utero alter the fetal epigenome? Secondly, could these alterations be associated with the reduced fetal growth observed with MTSE?
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Suter
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Jones 314, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Sharma E, Mustafa M, Pathak R, Guleria K, Ahmed RS, Vaid NB, Banerjee BD. A case control study of gene environmental interaction in fetal growth restriction with special reference to organochlorine pesticides. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2012; 161:163-9. [PMID: 22310945 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2012.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Revised: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and oxidative stress are reported to be associated with adverse reproductive outcomes. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) is a polymorphic supergene family involved in the detoxification of numerous toxins including OCPs. OCPs are endocrine disrupter and prenatal exposure to them may be associated with fetal growth restriction (FGR). The objectives of the present study were (i) to determine the frequencies of polymorphic alleles of GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes in women with idiopathic FGR, (ii) to analyze the maternal and cord blood levels of the OCPs, and (iii) to identify the gene environment interaction that increases the risk of FGR. STUDY DESIGN Maternal and cord blood samples of 50 FGR cases (birth weight <10 percentile for gestational age as per Lubchenco's growth chart) and equal number of normal pregnancies who were occupationally non exposed to OCPs and excluding all the known high risk factors such as anemia, hypertension, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, medical disease, dietary habit, living style, parity, and BMI. The collected samples at the time of delivery/after delivery were analyzed for OCPs levels by gas chromatography and polymorphic analysis for GSTM1/GSTT1 gene using multiplex PCR. RESULTS Significantly higher levels of α,β,γ-HCH and p,p'-DDT were found in maternal blood and significantly higher levels of β and γ-HCH and p,p'-DDT were found in cord blood of FGR cases as compared to controls. The genotypic distribution of GSTM1/GSTT1 was almost similar in both the groups, but the frequency of GSTM1-/GSTT1- (null) genotype was significantly higher in FGR cases as compared to controls (p<0.05, OR=6.42). When interaction between GSTM1/GSTT1 genes polymorphism-OCPs levels and birth weight (gene-environment interaction) was ascertained, a significant association was seen between β-HCH and GSTM1- genotype with reduction in birth weight of 213g. CONCLUSION Higher levels of OCPs in pregnant women may be considered as an important aetiological factor in 'idiopathic' FGR. GST polymorphism can influence the relationship between prenatal exposure to pesticides and FGR. The present study provides evidence that polymorphism in xenobiotic metabolising genes may modify the effect of environmental health hazards and increase the risk of FGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esha Sharma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University College of Medical Sciences & G.T.B. Hospital, University of Delhi, Dilshad Garden, Delhi, India
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Yila TA, Sasaki S, Miyashita C, Braimoh TS, Kashino I, Kobayashi S, Okada E, Baba T, Yoshioka E, Minakami H, Endo T, Sengoku K, Kishi R. Effects of maternal 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T and A1298C Polymorphisms and tobacco smoking on infant birth weight in a Japanese population. J Epidemiol 2012; 22:91-102. [PMID: 22277790 PMCID: PMC3798587 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20110039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intracellular folate hemostasis depends on the 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene. Because 5,10-MTHFR 677TT homozygosity and tobacco smoking are associated with low folate status, we tested the hypothesis that smoking in mothers with 5,10-MTHFR C677T or A1298C polymorphisms would be independently associated with lower birth weight among their offspring. Methods We assessed 1784 native Japanese mother-child pairs drawn from the ongoing birth cohort of The Hokkaido Study on Environment and Children’s Health. Data (demographic information, hospital birth records, and biological specimens) were extracted from recruitments that took place during the period from February 2003 to March 2006. Maternal serum folate were assayed by chemiluminescent immunoassay, and genotyping of 5,10-MTHFR C677T/A1298C polymorphisms was done using a TaqMan allelic discrimination assay. Results The prevalence of folate deficiency (<6.8 nmol/L) was 0.3%. The 5,10-MTHFR 677CT genotype was independently associated with an increase of 36.40 g (95% CI: 2.60 to 70.30, P = 0.035) in mean infant birth weight and an increase of 90.70 g (95% CI: 6.00 to 175.50, P = 0.036) among male infants of nonsmokers. Female infants of 677TT homozygous passive smokers were 99.00 g (95% CI: −190.26 to −7.56, P = 0.034) lighter. The birth weight of the offspring of smokers with 5,10-MTHFR 1298AA homozygosity was lower by 107.00 g (95% CI: −180.00 to −33.90, P = 0.004). Conclusions The results suggest that, in this population, maternal 5,10-MTHFR C677T polymorphism, but not the 5,10-MTHFR A1298C variant, is independently associated with improvement in infant birth weight, especially among nonsmokers. However, 5,10-MTHFR 1298AA might be associated with folate impairment and could interact with tobacco smoke to further decrease birth weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamar Ayo Yila
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Murata K, Yoshida M, Sakamoto M, Iwai-Shimada M, Yaginuma-Sakurai K, Tatsuta N, Iwata T, Karita K, Nakai K. Recent evidence from epidemiological studies on methylmercury toxicity. Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi 2011; 66:682-95. [PMID: 21996768 DOI: 10.1265/jjh.66.682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
More than fifty years have passed since the outbreak of Minamata disease, and large-scale methylmercury poisoning due to industrial effluents or methylmercury-containing fungicide intoxication has scarcely happened in developed countries. On the other hand, widespread environmental mercury contamination has occurred in gold and mercury mining areas of developing countries. In this article, we provided an overview of recent studies addressing human health effects of methylmercury, which we searched using the PubMed of the US National Library of Medicine. The following suggestions were obtained for low-level methylmercury exposure: (1) In recent years, the proportion of human studies addressing methylmercury has tended to decrease. (2) Prenatal exposure to methylmercury through fish intake, even at low levels, adversely affects child development after adjusting for polychlorinated biphenyls and maternal fish intake during pregnancy, whereas maternal seafood intake has some benefits. (3) Long-term methylmercury exposure through consumption of fish such as bigeye tuna and swordfish may pose a potential risk of cardiac events involving sympathovagal imbalance. (4) In measuring methylmercury levels in preserved umbilical cord collected from inhabitants born in Minamata areas between 1945 and 1989, the elevated concentrations (≥1 mg/g) were observed mainly in inhabitants born between 1947 and 1968, and the peak coincided with the peak of acetaldehyde production in Minamata. (5) Since some developing countries appear to be in similar situations to Japan in the past, attention should be directed toward early recognition of a risky agent and precautions should be taken against it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuyuki Murata
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
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Nanez A, Ramos IN, Ramos KS. A mutant Ahr allele protects the embryonic kidney from hydrocarbon-induced deficits in fetal programming. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2011; 119:1745-1753. [PMID: 21803694 PMCID: PMC3261986 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1103692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of experimental model systems has expedited the elucidation of pathogenetic mechanisms of renal developmental disease in humans and the identification of genes that orchestrate developmental programming during nephrogenesis. OBJECTIVES We conducted studies to evaluate the role of AHR polymorphisms in the disruption of renal developmental programming by benzo(a)pyrene (BaP). METHODS We used metanephric cultures of C57BL/6J (C57) mice expressing the Ahr(b-1) allele and B6.D2N-Ahr(d)/J (D2N) mice expressing a mutant allele deficient in ligand binding (Ahr(d)) to investigate molecular mechanisms of renal development. Deficits in fetal programming were evaluated in the offspring of pregnant mice treated with BaP during nephrogenesis. RESULTS Hydrocarbon challenge of metanephri from C57 mice altered Wilms' tumor suppressor gene (Wt1) mRNA splice variant ratios and reduced mRNAs of the Wt1 transcriptional targets syndecan-1 (Sdc1) paired box gene 2 (Pax2), epidermal growth factor receptor (Egfr), and retinoic acid receptor, alpha (Rarα). These changes correlated with down-regulation of effectors of differentiation [secreted frizzled-related sequence protein 1 (Sfrp1), insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (Igf1r), wingless-related MMTV-integration site 4 (Wnt4), Lim homeobox protein 1 (Lhx1), E-cadherin]. In contrast, metanephri from D2N mice were spared hydrocarbon-induced changes in Wt1 splice variant ratios and deficits of differentiation. We observed similar patterns of dysmorphogenesis and progressive loss of renal function at postnatal weeks 7 and 52 in the offspring of pregnant C57 but not D2N mice gavaged with 0.1 or 0.5 mg/kg BaP on gestation days 10-13. CONCLUSIONS These findings support a functional link between AHR and WT1 in the regulation of renal morphogenesis and raise important questions about the contribution of human AHR polymorphisms to the fetal origins of adult-onset kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Nanez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
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Chen X, Abdulhamid I, Woodcroft K. Maternal smoking during pregnancy, polymorphic CYP1A1 and GSTM1, and lung-function measures in urban family children. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2011; 111:1215-1221. [PMID: 21872227 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2011.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Understanding the interplay between genes and in-utero tobacco exposure in affecting child lung development is of great significance. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that tobacco-related lung-function reduction in children differs by maternal polymorphic genes Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) and Glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 (GSTM1). MATERIALS AND METHODS Data were collected among 370 children (6-10 years old, 81.6% African-Americans) and their biological mothers visiting a large children's hospital. Study hypotheses were tested using multiple regression method. RESULTS Among the study sample, 143 mothers smoked throughout pregnancy and 72 smoked on a daily basis. Spirometric measures (mean±SD) included were: forced vital capacity (FVC)=1635±431 mL, forced expiratory volume in the first 1s (FEV1)=1440 ±360 mL, percent FEV1/FVC ratio=89±12, and forced expiratory flow between the 25% and 75% of FVC (FEF25-75)=1745±603 mL. In addition to a tobacco effect on FVC (-131 mL, 95% CI: -245, -17) and FEV1/FVC ratio (42, 95% CI: 1, 83), regression analysis controlling for covariates indicated that for the subsample of children whose mothers were CYP1A1⁎2A homozygous, maternal daily smoking was associated with -734 mL (95% CI: -1206, -262) reductions in FEV1 and -825 mL (95% CI: -909, -795) reductions in FVC; reduced smoking was still associated with -590 mL (95% CI: -629, -551) reductions in FVC. For children of mothers with GSTM1 deletion, persistent daily smoking was associated with -176 mL (95% CI: -305, -47) reductions in FVC. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Maternal smoking during pregnancy was significantly associated with lung-function reduction in children, particularly for those whose mothers possessed the polymorphic CYP1A1*2A and GSTM1 deletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinguang Chen
- The Adams Ann Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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Sasaki S, Kishi R. [Adverse birth outcomes of maternal smoking during pregnancy and genetic polymorphisms: exploiting gene-environment interaction]. Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi 2011; 64:759-64. [PMID: 19797843 DOI: 10.1265/jjh.64.759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
It has been recognized that metabolic enzymes mediating genetic susceptibility to environmental chemicals such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans and polychlorinated biphenyls might be related to adverse human health. Recent studies, including the Hokkaido Study of Environmental and Children's Health, have shown that metabolic enzymes mediating genetic susceptibility to environmental chemicals including tobacco smoke might be related to adverse birth outcomes. Certain maternal genetic polymorphisms in the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)-metabolizing enzymes have been shown to enhance the association between maternal smoking and infant birth weight in both Caucasians and Japanese. For maternal genetic polymorphisms encoding the N-nitrosamine-metabolizing enzymes, we found that infant birth weight, birth length and birth head circumference were significantly smaller among infants of smokers than among those of nonsmokers and quitters. The adverse effects of maternal smoking on infant birth size may be modified by maternal genetic polymorphisms. Further study is required to clarify the potential association between genetic polymorphisms and cognitive function in childhood, becauae it has been reported that a small birth length or a small head circumference at birth might affect neurobehavioral development during early childhood. It is necessary to elucidate additive impacts of genetic factors on adverse effects of various chemicals commonly encountered in our daily lives, follow up the development of children, and carry out longitudinal observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiko Sasaki
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan.
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Hsieh CJ, Jeng SF, Wu KY, Su YN, Liao HF, Hsieh WS, Chen PC. GSTM1 modifies the effect of maternal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke on neonatal primitive reflexes. Nicotine Tob Res 2011; 13:1114-22. [PMID: 21849416 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntr124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine whether infant metabolic gene polymorphisms modify the effect of maternal environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) on neonatal neurobehavior. METHODS We conducted a birth cohort study of 87 nonsmoking women who delivered single births of normal birth weight. We enrolled the women before delivery, interviewed them using a structured questionnaire, and collected umbilical cord blood. Umbilical cord cotinine, a blood indicator of prenatal ETS exposure, was analyzed. The Neonatal Neurobehavioral Examination-Chinese Version (NNE-C) was administrated within 5 days after delivery to examine neonatal neurobehavior. Four infant metabolic genes, CYP1A1 MspI, CYP1A1 Ile462Val, GSTT1, and GSTM1, were identified. RESULTS Maternal ETS exposure during pregnancy was not related to neonatal neurobehavior when infant genetic polymorphisms were not considered. However, maternal ETS exposure did cause adverse effects in neonates with the absent type of GSTM1. Adverse effects were seen on the total NNE-C (β = -2.55; p = .02) and on primitive reflexes (β = -1.70; p = .004), especially in grasp reflexes (β = -.36; p = .011) and tonic neck reflexes (β = -.36; p = .049). In addition, there was a significant interaction between maternal ETS exposure and infant GSTM1 genotype on neonate grasp reflexes (p for interaction = .019). CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that weaker responses in neonatal primitive reflexes in infants with the absent type GSTM1 were related to maternal ETS exposure during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Jung Hsieh
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan
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Karahalil B, Emerce E, Kocabaş NA, Akkaş E. Associations between GSTM1 and OGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphisms and smoking on chromosomal damage and birth growth in mothers. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 38:2911-8. [PMID: 20127182 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-9953-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2009] [Accepted: 01/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The presenting study was investigated the associations between individual susceptibility and cigarette smoke on maternal chromosomal damage and neonatal birth growth in smoking mothers since little known about genetic susceptibility to cigarette smoke in relation to adverse pregnancy outcome such as birth growth. Sixty-one pregnant women who completed a questionnaire at Ankara Education and Research Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology have enrolled in this study. GSTM1 and OGG1 ser326Cys gene polymorphisms were analysed by RFLP-PCR (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism-Polymerase Chain Reaction) as possible genetic factors affecting susceptibility to such health effects of smoking and chromosomal damage was performed by chromosomal aberration assay (CAA) in maternal blood lymphocytes. Maternal self-reported history of pregnancy smoking was informed by questionnaire declaration. Our results showed that maternal smoking had significant effect on chromosomal damage, birth weight, and length. The frequencies of CA in smokers was significantly higher than that of the nonsmokers (3.46 ± 2.06 and 2.00 ± 1.3, P = 0.001). Birth weight and length in smokers were significantly higher that of nonsmokers (3,355 g and 49.57 cm, P = 0.001; 3,639 g and 50.79 cm, P = 0.002). On the other hand, there was a slightly increased in the frequencies of CA and reduction birth weight and length in GSTM1 null and length in OGG1 variant genotypes, those differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05); likely due to small sample size. Larger sample size needs to reach significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bensu Karahalil
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Turkey.
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Kanazawa A, Miyasita C, Okada E, Kobayashi S, Washino N, Yuasa M, Sasaki S, Yoshioka E, Mizutani F, Chisaki Y, Kishi R. [Concentrations of persistent organochlorine pesticides in whole blood of pregnant women in Hokkaido study on environment and children's health]. Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi 2011; 66:95-107. [PMID: 21358140 DOI: 10.1265/jjh.66.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was performed to evaluate the levels of exposure to persistent organochlorine pesticides in pregnant women in Hokkaido. METHODS Whole-blood samples were obtained from 70 pregnant women aged 17 to 39 years in Hokkaido and analyzed to quantify 29 organochlorine pesticides by gas chromatography/negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry and gas chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry. RESULTS Among 29 target compounds, 20 were detected in the whole-blood samples. Mirex, Parlar-26, and Parlar-50, which have never been used in Japan, were identified in all samples, as well as 11 compounds that have been used in Japan. Log-transformed concentrations of compounds with detection rates above 60% linearly correlated with each other (p<0.01). p,p'-DDE exhibited the highest concentration, with a geometric mean of 730 pg/g wet weight. From the results of the Jonckheere-Terpstra trend test, body weight or age was positively associated with the concentrations of several compounds. CONCLUSIONS We detected 22 organochlorine pesticides including pesticides with no history of use in Japan in the whole-blood samples from pregnant women in Hokkaido. Through long-distance transport mechanisms, these pollutants may distribute widely, and further surveillance of human blood, in addition to foods and the environment, should be conducted.
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Hsieh CJ, Jeng SF, Su YN, Liao HF, Hsieh WS, Wu KY, Chen PC. CYP1A1 modifies the effect of maternal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke on child behavior. Nicotine Tob Res 2010; 12:1108-17. [PMID: 20855412 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntq157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Maternal environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) has been identified as a key risk factor for problem behavior in children, but the role of genetic susceptibility is not clear. The purpose of this study was to examine the metabolic genetic modification effect of exposure to ETS in nonsmoking mothers on child behavior at 2 years of age. METHODS A prospective cohort study was conducted among 191 mothers who gave births between 2004 and 2005 and their infants in Taiwan. The mothers completed a questionnaire before delivery in which they provided information on exposure to ETS during pregnancy. Four metabolic genes, CYP1A1 MspI, CYP1A1 Ile462Val, GSTT1, and GSTM1 were isolated from both maternal and infant DNA samples. Children's behavior problems at 2 years of age were reported by their mothers using the Child Behavior Checklist/1.5-5. Multiple linear models were used to estimate the effects of ETS and genotype on child behavior. RESULTS Maternal ETS exposure was associated with the anxious score. The ETS-exposed group with both the CYP1A1 MspI and the CYP1A1 Ile462Val variants had higher scores, as reflected in total CBCL score as well as scores on the internalizing scale and its emotional subdomain, the anxious scale, and the externalizing scale and its aggressive subdomain. CONCLUSIONS Child behavioral problems may be associated with prenatal ETS exposure, and this effect may be modified by infant CYP1A1 MspI and CYP1A1 Ile462Val genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Jung Hsieh
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, 17 Syujhou Rd., Taipei 100, Taiwan
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Price TS, Grosser T, Plomin R, Jaffee SR. Fetal genotype for the xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme NQO1 influences intrauterine growth among infants whose mothers smoked during pregnancy. Child Dev 2010; 81:101-14. [PMID: 20331656 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01383.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Maternal smoking during pregnancy retards fetal growth and depresses infant birth weight. The magnitude of these effects may be moderated by fetal genotype. The current study investigated maternal smoking, fetal genotype, and fetal growth in a large population sample of dizygotic twins. Maternal smoking retarded fetal growth in a dose-dependent fashion. In a subsample of 497 twin pairs whose mothers smoked during pregnancy, a functional polymorphism in the NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase gene (NQO1 Pro187Ser; rs1800566) was significantly associated with fetal growth within families. The effect was strongest among moderate smokers. This is the first demonstration that fetal genotype for an enzyme involved in tobacco smoke metabolism influences intrauterine growth independent of maternal genotype. Future studies should conduct formal tests of Fetal Genotype x Maternal Smoking interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S Price
- SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK.
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Kishi R, Sasaki S, Yoshioka E, Yuasa M, Sata F, Saijo Y, Kurahashi N, Tamaki J, Endo T, Sengoku K, Nonomura K, Minakami H. Cohort profile: the Hokkaido study on environment and children's health in Japan. Int J Epidemiol 2010; 40:611-8. [PMID: 20504859 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyq071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Kishi
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
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Anderka M, Romitti PA, Sun L, Druschel C, Carmichael S, Shaw G. Patterns of tobacco exposure before and during pregnancy. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2010; 89:505-514. [PMID: 20367429 PMCID: PMC6042858 DOI: 10.3109/00016341003692261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe maternal exposure to tobacco in the three months before conception and throughout pregnancy, examine risk factors associated with tobacco exposure in pregnancy and smoking cessation, assess use of pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation and evaluate birth outcomes by smoking status. DESIGN A cohort of women from a multi-site United States study were asked retrospectively about their exposure to tobacco. POPULATION The study population was comprised of 4,667 mothers of non-malformed control infants who participated in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study from 1997 to 2003. METHODS Using computer-assisted telephone interview responses from this population-based sample, we assessed patterns of maternal smoking and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) as well as use of pharmacotherapy for quitting smoking during pregnancy. RESULTS Overall, 961 (20.6%) mothers reported any smoking and 1,401 (30.0%) reported any exposure to ETS at home or work during the three months before conception through pregnancy. Of the 961 smokers, 512 (53.3%) reportedly quit smoking before or during pregnancy, including 379 (74% of quitters) in the first trimester, and 420 (43.7%) continued to smoke throughout the pregnancy. Only 2.1% of smokers reportedly used pharmacotherapy to quit smoking anytime from three months before conception through pregnancy. Low birthweight and preterm delivery rates were lowest among offspring of non-smokers and highest in offspring of those who continued to smoke throughout pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS About one-half of mothers who reported preconceptional smoking quit before or during pregnancy. Use of pharmacotherapy to quit smoking during pregnancy was not common.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Anderka
- Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Massachusetts Center for Birth Defects Research and Prevention, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul A Romitti
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Lixian Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Charlotte Druschel
- New York State Department of Health, Congenital Malformations Registry, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Suzan Carmichael
- March of Dimes Foundation, California Research Division, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Gary Shaw
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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Yuasa M, Kishi R. [Profile and issues of prospective birth cohort in Japan]. Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi 2009; 64:774-81. [PMID: 19797845 DOI: 10.1265/jjh.64.774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the effects of environmental risk factors including chemical compounds and parents' lifestyles on the health of the next generations have widely gathered public concerns around the world because of the vulnerability of children to such environmental risk factors. To elucidate the processes and mechanisms of the effects in more detail, the authors started a prospective birth cohort study, namely, the Hokkaido study of Environment and Children's Health in Hokkaido, the northern area of Japan. The study consists of two cohorts: a large-scale cohort throughout Hokkaido and a hospital-based small-scale cohort. The former was established in 2003 in collaboration with forty obstetric hospitals and clinics around Hokkaido to estimate the prevalence of congenital malformations and investigate the association of congenital anomalies with environmental risk factors in pregnant mothers at a background level. The latter was lunched in 2002 at the time of enrollment of pregnant women recruited at an obstetric hospital in Sapporo so as to examine the relationships of environmental substances such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxins, persistent organic pollutants (POPs), and heavy metals with infants' and children's health outcomes including birth size, neurobehavioral development, thyroid function, and immunologic system. In the study of both cohorts, we attempt to determine the role of gene polymorphism on the occurrence of adverse outcomes in infants and children. Although the prospective cohort study with well-designed epidemiological protocols may provide many scientific lines of evidence, many human and financial resources are required to support the study until its completion and maintain the biobanks as well as data banks. In Japan, it is urgently necessary to establish a system that supports the implementation and management of a cohort study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoyuki Yuasa
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan.
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Konishi K, Sasaki S, Kato S, Ban S, Washino N, Kajiwara J, Todaka T, Hirakawa H, Hori T, Yasutake D, Kishi R. Prenatal exposure to PCDDs/PCDFs and dioxin-like PCBs in relation to birth weight. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2009; 109:906-13. [PMID: 19683226 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2009.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2009] [Revised: 07/17/2009] [Accepted: 07/24/2009] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Several human studies have shown that low-level exposure to environmental contaminants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides, negatively influences birth outcomes. However, the effects of low-level exposure to polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and dioxin-like PCBs (DL-PCBs) on birth outcomes have not been clarified in human studies. A prospective cohort study was established to investigate the possible adverse effects of PCDDs/PCDFs and DL-PCBs on fetal growth and neurodevelopment. We recruited 514 pregnant women between July 2002 and October 2005 in Sapporo, Japan. We measured 29 congener levels of PCDDs/PCDFs and DL-PCBs in maternal blood. Using multiple liner regression analysis of the association between birth weight and the levels of PCDDs/PCDFs and DL-PCBs with full adjustments for potential confounders, a significant adverse effect was observed regarding total PCDDs toxic equivalents (TEQ) levels (adjusted beta=-231.5g, 95% CI: -417.4 to -45.6) and total PCDFs TEQ levels (adjusted beta=-258.8g, 95% CI: -445.7 to -71.8). Among male infants, significant adverse associations with birth weight were found for total PCDDs TEQ level, total PCDDs/PCDFs TEQ level, and total TEQ level. However, among female infants, these significant adverse associations were not found. With regard to individual congeners of PCDDs/PCDFs and DL-PCBs, we found significantly negative association with the levels of 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF (adjusted beta=-24.5g, 95% CI: -387.4 to -61.5). Our findings suggest that prenatal low-level exposure to PCDDs and PCDFs, especially 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF, may accumulate in the placenta and retard important placental functions, which result in lower birth weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanae Konishi
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15-West7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
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Ramos KS, Nanez A. Genetic regulatory networks of nephrogenesis: deregulation of WT1 splicing by benzo(a)pyrene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 87:192-7. [PMID: 19530133 DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.20148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have identified AHR as a master regulator of Wilms' tumor suppressor gene (WT1) signaling in the developing kidney. Activation of AHR signaling by environmental chemical is associated with proteasome-mediated degradation of AHR protein, disruption of WT1 alternative splicing, and marked alterations in the regulation of genetic programs of developmental progression in the developing kidney. The complexity of genetic regulatory networks of nephrogenesis controlled by AHR-WT1 interactions will be discussed here with particular emphasis given to the biological and medical consequences that may result from deficits in nephrogenesis that compromise reserve capacity and renal function later in life. Understanding the impact of early-life environmental exposures to chemicals that disrupt AHR signaling can help minimize negative health consequences to pregnant women and their offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth S Ramos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Delia Baxter Building, Room 227, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
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Maternal smoking, GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphism and susceptibility to adverse pregnancy outcomes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2009; 6:1282-97. [PMID: 19440446 PMCID: PMC2672398 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph6031282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2009] [Accepted: 03/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to investigate the association between maternal smoking, GSTM1, GSTT1 polymorphism, low birth weight (LBW, < 2,500 g) and intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR, < 2,500 g and gestation ≥ 37 weeks) risk. Within a prospective cohort study in Kaunas (Lithuania), a nested case-control study on LBW and IUGR occurrence among 646 women with genotyping of GSTT1 and GSTM1 polymorphisms who delivered live singletons was conducted. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to study the association of maternal smoking and polymorphism in two genes metabolizing xenobiotics. Without consideration of genotype, light-smoking (mean 4.8 cigarettes/day) during pregnancy was associated with a small increase in LBW risk, adjusted OR 1.21; 95% CI 0.44 – 3.31. The corresponding odds for IUGR risk was 1.57; 95% CI 0.45 – 5.55. The findings suggested the greater LBW risk among light-smoking mothers with the GSTM1-null genotype (OR 1.91; 95% CI 0.43 – 8.47) compared to those with GSTM1-present genotype (OR 1.11; 95% CI 0.26 – 4.47). When both GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes were considered, the synergistic effect was found among smoking mothers: GSTT1-present and GSTM1-null genotype OR for LBW was 3.31; 95% CI 0.60–18.4 and that for IUGR was 2.47; 95% CI 0.31 – 13.1. However there was no statistically significant interaction between maternal smoking, GSTT1- present and GSTM1-null genotypes for LBW (OR 1.45; 95% CI 0.22 – 10.1, p = 0.66) and for IUGR (OR 1.10; 95% CI 0.10 – 12.6, p = 0.93). The results of this study suggested that smoking, even at a low-level, ought to be considered a potential risk factor for adverse birth outcomes and that genetic polymorphism may contribute to individual variation in tobacco smoke response.
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Delpisheh A, Brabin L, Topping J, Reyad M, Tang AW, Brabin BJ. A case-control study of CYP1A1, GSTT1 and GSTM1 gene polymorphisms, pregnancy smoking and fetal growth restriction. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2009; 143:38-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2008.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2007] [Revised: 10/16/2008] [Accepted: 11/28/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Morales E, Sunyer J, Julvez J, Castro-Giner F, Estivill X, Torrent M, De Cid R. GSTM1 polymorphisms modify the effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy on cognitive functioning in preschoolers. Int J Epidemiol 2009; 38:690-7. [PMID: 19244254 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyp141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with cognitive deficits in children. Parental factors are proposed as an explanatory. We studied the influence of GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms on the cognition effects induced by active maternal smoking during pregnancy. METHODS Children (n = 384) from a prospective population-based birth cohort were assessed at 4 years. The McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities (MCSA) was administrated. Maternal smoking was measured by questionnaire. Genotyping was conducted for null alleles from GSTM1 and GSTT1. Multivariable linear regression models were used to examine the association between active maternal smoking during pregnancy and MCSA outcomes by GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes. RESULTS Maternal smoking during pregnancy (reporting, yes) was inversely associated with global cognitive score among children having null allele for GSTM1 (beta = -4.73, 95% CI -9.45 to -0.02); but not among children with present allele (beta = -1.04, 95% CI -7.88 to 5.81) (P for interaction 0.089). The interaction remained after adjusting by post-natal maternal smoking (P = 0.081). The effect was stronger for perceptual-performance (beta = -3.68, 95% CI -8.39 to 1.03; P for interaction 0.087), quantitative (beta = -7.00, 95% CI -17.39 to 3.39; P for interaction 0.048), verbal (beta = -3.63, 95% CI -8.43 to 1.17; P for interaction 0.264) and executive function (beta = -4.87, 95% CI -9.55 to -0.20; P for interaction 0.127). No interaction was found for GSTT1. CONCLUSIONS GSTM1 deficiency increases the adverse effects of active maternal smoking during pregnancy on cognition in preschoolers, suggesting a biological interaction between child metabolic genes and tobacco smoke components in detoxification process during foetal neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Morales
- Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
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Chen X, Woodcroft KJ. Polymorphisms in metabolic genes CYP1A1 and GSTM1 and changes in maternal smoking during pregnancy. Nicotine Tob Res 2009; 11:225-33. [DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntn027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Hsieh CJ, Liao HF, Wu KY, Hsieh WS, Su YN, Jeng SF, Yu SN, Chen PC. CYP1A1 Ile462Val and GSTT1 modify the effect of cord blood cotinine on neurodevelopment at 2 years of age. Neurotoxicology 2008; 29:839-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2008.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2008] [Revised: 05/22/2008] [Accepted: 05/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kishi R, Sata F, Yoshioka E, Ban S, Sasaki S, Konishi K, Washino N. Exploiting gene-environment interaction to detect adverse health effects of environmental chemicals on the next generation. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2008; 102:191-203. [PMID: 18226074 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2007.00201.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence from epidemiological studies that genetic susceptibilities may modify the teratogenic effects of toxic chemicals. However, in contrast to tobacco smoke, few epidemiological studies have addressed environmental chemicals, such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans and polychlorinated biphenyls in regard to genetic susceptibility. Recent studies, including the Hokkaido Study of Environments and Children's Health, have investigated the impacts of both environmental and genetic factors on children's development. Several xenobiotic-metabolizing genes have been reported to confer genetic susceptibility to low birth weight. These genes seem to be influenced functionally by maternal smoking during pregnancy, itself a significant risk factor. In our study, we found that birth weight was significantly lower among infants born to smoking women having the specific AHR, CYP1A1, GSTM1, CYP2E1 and NQO1 genotypes. When combinations of these genotypes were considered, birth weight was even lower. On the other hand, congenital anomalies such as hypospadias seemed to be caused by environmental factors in conjunction with genetic predisposition as suggested by linkage in several case-control studies reported to low birth weight. We have found an association between maternal CYP1A1 genotype or low birth weight and the risk of hypospadias irrespective of smoking. At the same time, birth weight was negatively correlated with maternal blood concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzofurans. Further studies should elucidate the impact of genetic factors on adverse effects of exposures to dioxin-related chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Kishi
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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Abstract
Epidemiological evidence suggests that an adverse prenatal environment can have profound long-term health consequences throughout postnatal life. This chapter discusses the underlying mechanisms implicated in the consumption of mood-altering recreational drugs and teratogenicity in the fetus. The way metabolic parameters in pregnancy influence the pharmacokinetic characteristics of drugs and alcohol and the developmental stage of neurotoxicity are reviewed. The general underlying mechanisms that link multifaceted interactions between drug characteristics, gene polymorphisms, dietary deficiencies, changed endocrine indices and fetal programming are outlined, with specific examples throughout the text. As developmental injury is of significant social concern, the final section questions whether society provides adequate support for making appropriate and informed lifestyle choices to alleviate preventable transgenerational harm.
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Shiverick K, Ino K, Harada T, Keelan J, Kikkawa F. Placental enzymes and transporters: new functions and genetic polymorphisms--a workshop report. Placenta 2007; 28 Suppl A:S125-8. [PMID: 17382383 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2007.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2007] [Accepted: 01/31/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Shiverick
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Saijo Y, Yoshioka E, Fukui T, Kawaharada M, Sata F, Sato H, Kishi R. Effects of the Interaction between Interleukin-6-634C/G Polymorphism and Smoking on Serum C-Reactive Protein Concentrations. Hypertens Res 2007; 30:593-9. [PMID: 17785926 DOI: 10.1291/hypres.30.593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Smoking and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are major factors in inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate whether or not the IL6 -634C/G polymorphism (rs1800796) and its interaction with smoking influence serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations. The subjects were 347 Japanese male employees of a transit company. CRP and conventional cardiovascular risk factors were evaluated. IL6 -634C/G polymorphisms were genotyped by allelic discrimination using fluorogenic probes and the 5' nuclease assay. The mean values of CRP were significantly higher in current smokers than in nonsmokers after adjustment for age, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, log triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), fasting glucose, and drinking habit (p=0.011). Comparison of three genotypes revealed significant interaction between smoking and the IL6 -634C/G genotype manifested by CRP concentrations (p=0.007) after the adjustments cited above. After stratification by smoking status, CRP differed significantly among IL6 -634C/G genotypes groups in nonsmokers (p=0.010, p for trend=0.007), whereas no significant difference was found in current smokers. Comparison between -634C/C and C/G+G/G groups revealed also a significant interaction between smoking and the IL6 -634C/G genotype (p=0.007). These findings suggest that the impact of the -634G allele on CRP elevation is greater in nonsmokers than in current smokers. Since gene-environment interactions have been insufficiently examined, further studies are required to clarify their effect on inflammation, including CRP elevation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Saijo
- Department of Health Science, Asahikawa Medical College, Asahikawa, Japan.
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