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Li Y, Gao J, Zhao D, Guan X, Morris SC, Finkelman FD, Huang H. The Hdc GC box is critical for Hdc gene transcription and histamine-mediated anaphylaxis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 152:195-204.e3. [PMID: 36804390 PMCID: PMC10330076 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histamine is a critical mediator of anaphylaxis, a neurotransmitter, and a regulator of gastric acid secretion. Histidine decarboxylase is a rate-limiting enzyme for histamine synthesis. However, in vivo regulation of Hdc, the gene that encodes histidine decarboxylase, is poorly understood. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate how enhancers regulate Hdc gene transcription and histamine synthesis in resting conditions and in a mouse model of anaphylaxis. METHODS H3K27 acetylation histone modification and chromatin accessibility were used to identify candidate enhancers. The enhancer activity of candidate enhancers was measured in a reporter gene assay, and the function enhancers were validated by CRISPR deletion. RESULTS Deletion of the GC box, which binds to zinc finger transcription factors, in the proximal Hdc enhancer reduced Hdc gene transcription and histamine synthesis in mouse and human mast cell lines. Mast cells, basophils, brain cells, and stomach cells from GC box-deficient mice transcribed the Hdc gene much less than similar cells from wild-type mice, and Hdc GC box-deficient mice failed to develop anaphylaxis. CONCLUSION The HDC GC box within the proximal enhancer in the mouse and human HDC gene is essential for Hdc gene transcription, histamine synthesis, and histamine-mediated anaphylaxis in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yapeng Li
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
| | - Junfeng Gao
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
| | - Dianzheng Zhao
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
| | - Xiaoyu Guan
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
| | - Suzanne C Morris
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Fred D Finkelman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Hua Huang
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colo.
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Bando K, Tanaka Y, Takahashi T, Sugawara S, Mizoguchi I, Endo Y. Histamine acts via H4-receptor stimulation to cause augmented inflammation when lipopolysaccharide is co-administered with a nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate. Inflamm Res 2022; 71:1603-1617. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01650-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Moriguchi T, Takai J. Histamine and histidine decarboxylase: Immunomodulatory functions and regulatory mechanisms. Genes Cells 2020; 25:443-449. [PMID: 32394600 PMCID: PMC7497259 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Histamine is a bioactive monoamine that is synthesized by the enzymatic activity of histidine decarboxylase (HDC) in basophils, mast cells, gastric enterochromaffin‐like (ECL) cells and histaminergic neuronal cells. Upon a series of cellular stimuli, these cells release stored histamine, which elicits allergies, inflammation, and gastric acid secretion and regulates neuronal activity. Recent studies have shown that certain other types of myeloid lineage cells also produce histamine with HDC induction under various pathogenic stimuli. Histamine has been shown to play a series of pathophysiological roles by modulating immune and inflammatory responses in a number of disease conditions, whereas the mechanistic aspects underlying induced HDC expression remain elusive. In the present review, we summarize the current understanding of the regulatory mechanism of Hdc gene expression and the roles played by histamine in physiological contexts as well as pathogenic processes. We also introduce a newly developed histaminergic cell‐monitoring transgenic mouse line (Hdc‐BAC‐GFP) that serves as a valuable experimental tool to identify the source of histamine and dissect upstream regulatory signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Moriguchi
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Jun Takai
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
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Takai J, Ohtsu H, Sato A, Uemura S, Fujimura T, Yamamoto M, Moriguchi T. Lipopolysaccharide-induced expansion of histidine decarboxylase-expressing Ly6G + myeloid cells identified by exploiting histidine decarboxylase BAC-GFP transgenic mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15603. [PMID: 31666556 PMCID: PMC6821885 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51716-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Histamine is a biogenic amine that is chiefly produced in mast cells and basophils and elicits an allergic response upon stimulation. Histidine decarboxylase (HDC) is a unique enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of histamine. Therefore, the spatiotemporally specific Hdc gene expression profile could represent the localization of histamine-producing cells under various pathophysiological conditions. Although the bioactivity of histamine is well defined, the regulatory mechanism of Hdc gene expression and the distribution of histamine-producing cell populations in various disease contexts remains unexplored. To address these issues, we generated a histidine decarboxylase BAC (bacterial artificial chromosome) DNA-directed GFP reporter transgenic mouse employing a 293-kb BAC clone containing the entire Hdc gene locus and extended flanking sequences (Hdc-GFP). We found that the GFP expression pattern in the Hdc-GFP mice faithfully recapitulated that of conventional histamine-producing cells and that the GFP expression level mirrored the increased Hdc expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced septic lungs. Notably, a CD11b+Ly6G+Ly6Clow myeloid cell population accumulated in the lung during sepsis, and most of these cells expressed high levels of GFP and indeed contain histamine. This study reveals the accumulation of a histamine-producing myeloid cell population during sepsis, which likely participates in the immune process of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Takai
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohtsu
- Department of Quantum Science and Energy Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Engineering, Sendai, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sato
- Department of Quantum Science and Energy Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Engineering, Sendai, Japan
| | - Satoshi Uemura
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Fujimura
- Laboratory of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Tohoku Medical Mega-Bank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takashi Moriguchi
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan.
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Hirasawa N. Expression of Histidine Decarboxylase and Its Roles in Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020376. [PMID: 30654600 PMCID: PMC6359378 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Histamine is a well-known mediator of inflammation that is released from mast cells and basophils. To date, many studies using histamine receptor antagonists have shown that histamine acts through four types of receptors: H1, H2, H3, and H4. Thus, histamine plays more roles in various diseases than had been predicted. However, our knowledge about histamine-producing cells and the molecular mechanisms underlying histamine production at inflammatory sites is still incomplete. The histamine producing enzyme, histidine decarboxylase (HDC), is commonly induced at inflammatory sites during the late and chronic phases of both allergic and non-allergic inflammation. Thus, histamine levels in tissues are maintained at effective concentrations for hours, enabling the regulation of various functions through the production of cytokines/chemokines/growth factors. Understanding the regulation of histamine production will allow the development of a new strategy of using histamine antagonists to treat inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyasu Hirasawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
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Huang H, Li Y, Liang J, Finkelman FD. Molecular Regulation of Histamine Synthesis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1392. [PMID: 29973935 PMCID: PMC6019440 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Histamine is a critical mediator of IgE/mast cell-mediated anaphylaxis, a neurotransmitter and a regulator of gastric acid secretion. Histamine is a monoamine synthesized from the amino acid histidine through a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme histidine decarboxylase (HDC), which removes carboxyl group from histidine. Despite the importance of histamine, transcriptional regulation of HDC gene expression in mammals is still poorly understood. In this review, we focus on discussing advances in the understanding of molecular regulation of mammalian histamine synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Huang
- The Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States.,The Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, IL, United States
| | - Yapeng Li
- The Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Jinyi Liang
- The Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States.,Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fred D Finkelman
- The Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,The Division of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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7
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Li Y, Liu B, Harmacek L, Long Z, Liang J, Lukin K, Leach SM, O'Connor B, Gerber AN, Hagman J, Roers A, Finkelman FD, Huang H. The transcription factors GATA2 and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor regulate Hdc gene expression in mast cells and are required for IgE/mast cell-mediated anaphylaxis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 142:1173-1184. [PMID: 29277702 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histamine is a critical mediator of IgE/mast cell-mediated anaphylaxis. Histamine is synthesized by decarboxylating the amino acid histidine, a reaction catalyzed by the histidine decarboxylase (Hdc) gene-encoded enzyme HDC. However, regulation of the Hdc gene in mast cells is poorly understood. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate the in vivo regulation of IgE/mast cell-mediated anaphylaxis by the transcription factors GATA2 and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and the mechanisms by which GATA2 and MITF regulate Hdc gene expression in mouse and human mast cells. METHODS Mice deficient in the transcription factors Gata2, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr), aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor (Ahrr), or basic helix-loop-helix family member E40 (Bhlhe40) were assessed for anaphylactic reactions. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing analysis identified putative Hdc enhancers. Luciferase reporter transcription assay confirmed enhancer activities of putative enhancers in the Hdc gene. The short hairpin RNA knockdown approach was used to determine the role of MITF in regulating mouse and human HDC gene expression. RESULTS Connective tissue mast cell-specific Gata2-deficient mice did not have IgE/mast cell-mediated anaphylaxis. GATA2 induced the expression of Mitf, Ahr, Ahrr, and Bhlhe40 in mast cells. MITF, but not AHR, AHRR, or BHLHE40, was required for anaphylaxis. MITF bound to an enhancer located 8.8 kb upstream of the transcription start site of the Hdc gene and directed enhancer activity. MITF overexpression largely restored Hdc gene expression in the Gata2-deficient mast cells. In the human mast cell line LAD2, MITF was required for the HDC gene expression and histamine synthesis. CONCLUSION The transcription factors GATA2 and MITF regulate Hdc gene expression in mast cells and are required for IgE/mast cell-mediated anaphylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yapeng Li
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Laura Harmacek
- Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
| | - Zijie Long
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo; Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Hematology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinyi Liang
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo; Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kara Lukin
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
| | - Sonia M Leach
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo; Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
| | - Brian O'Connor
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo; Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
| | - Anthony N Gerber
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo; Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
| | - James Hagman
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colo
| | - Axel Roers
- Institute for Immunology, Technische Universit ät Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Fred D Finkelman
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Division of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Hua Huang
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colo.
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8
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Dong H, Liu W, Liu M, Xu L, Li Q, Zhang R, Zhang X, Liu S. Investigation of a Possible Role for the Histidine Decarboxylase Gene in Tourette Syndrome in the Chinese Han Population: A Family-Based Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160265. [PMID: 27529419 PMCID: PMC4986944 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tourette syndrome (TS) is a polygenic neuropsychiatric disease. Previous studies have indicated that dysregulation in the histaminergic system may play a crucial role in disease onset. In this study, we investigated the role of the histidine decarboxylase gene (HDC) in TS susceptibility in the Chinese Han population. After genotyping 241 TS nuclear families trios, we analyzed three tag HDC single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs854150, rs854151, and rs854157) in a family-based study using the transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) and haplotype relative risk (HRR). TDT showed no over-transmission in these SNPs across the HDC region (for rs854150: χ2 = 0.472, P = 0.537, OR = 1.097, 95%CI = 0.738–1.630; for rs854151: χ2 = 0.043, P = 0.889, OR = 1.145, 95%CI = 0.767–1.709; for rs854157:χ2 = 0.984, P = 0.367, OR = 1.020, 95%CI = 0.508–2.049). HRR also showed the same tendency (for rs854150: χ2 = 0.211, P = 0.646, OR = 1.088, 95%CI = 0.759–1.559; for rs854151: χ2 = 0.134, P = 0.714, OR = 0.935, 95%CI = 0.653–1.339; for rs854157:χ2 = 0.841, P = 0.359, OR = 1.206, 95%CI = 0.808–1.799). Additionally, the haplotype-based haplotype relative risk showed a negative association. Although these findings indicate an unlikely association between HDC and TS in the Chinese Han population, a potential role for HDC cannot be ruled out in TS etiology. Future research should investigate this more thoroughly using different populations and larger samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenmiao Liu
- Prenatal diagnosis center, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Meixin Liu
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Longqiang Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Andrology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ru Zhang
- Prenatal diagnosis center, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- * E-mail: (SL); (XZ)
| | - Shiguo Liu
- Prenatal diagnosis center, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Genetic Laboratory, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- * E-mail: (SL); (XZ)
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Antihistamines suppress upregulation of histidine decarboxylase gene expression with potencies different from their binding affinities for histamine H1 receptor in toluene 2,4-diisocyanate-sensitized rats. J Pharmacol Sci 2016; 130:212-8. [PMID: 26980430 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Antihistamines inhibit histamine signaling by blocking histamine H1 receptor (H1R) or suppressing H1R signaling as inverse agonists. The H1R gene is upregulated in patients with pollinosis, and its expression level is correlated with the severity of nasal symptoms. Here, we show that antihistamine suppressed upregulation of histidine decarboxylase (HDC) mRNA expression in patients with pollinosis, and its expression level was correlated with that of H1R mRNA. Certain antihistamines, including mepyramine and diphenhydramine, suppress toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (TDI)-induced upregulation of HDC gene expression and increase HDC activity in TDI-sensitized rats. However, d-chlorpheniramine did not demonstrate any effect. The potencies of antihistamine suppressive effects on HDC mRNA elevation were different from their H1R receptor binding affinities. In TDI-sensitized rats, the potencies of antihistamine inhibitory effects on sneezing in the early phase were related to H1R binding. In contrast, the potencies of their inhibitory effects on sneezing in the late phase were correlated with those of suppressive effects on HDC mRNA elevation. Data suggest that in addition to the antihistaminic and inverse agonistic activities, certain antihistamines possess additional properties unrelated to receptor binding and alleviate nasal symptoms in the late phase by inhibiting synthesis and release of histamine by suppressing HDC gene transcription.
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The CpG island in the murine foxl2 proximal promoter is differentially methylated in primary and immortalized cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76642. [PMID: 24098544 PMCID: PMC3788739 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box L2 (Foxl2), a member of the forkhead transcription factor family, plays important roles in pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone synthesis and in ovarian maintenance and function. Mutations in the human FOXL2 gene cause eyelid malformations and premature ovarian failure. FOXL2/Foxl2 is expressed in pituitary gonadotrope and thyrotrope cells, the perioptic mesenchyme of the developing eyelid, and ovarian granulosa cells. The mechanisms governing this cell-restricted expression have not been described. We mapped the Foxl2 transcriptional start site in immortalized murine gonadotrope-like cells, LβT2, by 5’ rapid amplification of cDNA ends and then PCR amplified approximately 1 kb of 5’ flanking sequence from murine genomic DNA. When ligated into a reporter plasmid, the proximal promoter conferred luciferase activity in both homologous (LβT2) and, unexpectedly, heterologous (NIH3T3) cells. In silico analyses identified a CpG island in the proximal promoter and 5’ untranslated region, suggesting that Foxl2 transcription might be regulated epigenetically. Indeed, pyrosequencing and quantitative analysis of DNA methylation using real-time PCR revealed Foxl2 proximal promoter hypomethylation in homologous compared to some, though not all, heterologous cell lines. The promoter was also hypomethylated in purified murine gonadotropes. In vitro promoter methylation completely silenced reporter activity in heterologous and homologous cells. Collectively, the data suggest that differential proximal promoter DNA methylation may contribute to cell-specific Foxl2 expression in some cellular contexts. However, gonadotrope-specific expression of the gene cannot be explained by promoter hypomethylation alone.
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GABAergic inhibition of histaminergic neurons regulates active waking but not the sleep-wake switch or propofol-induced loss of consciousness. J Neurosci 2012; 32:13062-75. [PMID: 22993424 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2931-12.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity of histaminergic neurons in the tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN) of the hypothalamus correlates with an animal's behavioral state and maintains arousal. We examined how GABAergic inputs onto histaminergic neurons regulate this behavior. A prominent hypothesis, the "flip-flop" model, predicts that increased and sustained GABAergic drive onto these cells promotes sleep. Similarly, because of the histaminergic neurons' key hub-like place in the arousal circuitry, it has also been suggested that anesthetics such as propofol induce loss of consciousness by acting primarily at histaminergic neurons. We tested both these hypotheses in mice by genetically removing ionotropic GABA(A) or metabotropic GABA(B) receptors from histidine decarboxylase-expressing neurons. At the cellular level, histaminergic neurons deficient in synaptic GABA(A) receptors were significantly more excitable and were insensitive to the anesthetic propofol. At the behavioral level, EEG profiles were recorded in nontethered mice over 24 h. Surprisingly, GABAergic transmission onto histaminergic neurons had no effect in regulating the natural sleep-wake cycle and, in the case of GABA(A) receptors, for propofol-induced loss of righting reflex. The latter finding makes it unlikely that the histaminergic TMN has a central role in anesthesia. GABA(B) receptors on histaminergic neurons were dispensable for all behaviors examined. Synaptic inhibition of histaminergic cells by GABA(A) receptors, however, was essential for habituation to a novel environment.
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12
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Genome-scale analysis of DNA methylation in lung adenocarcinoma and integration with mRNA expression. Genome Res 2012; 22:1197-211. [PMID: 22613842 PMCID: PMC3396362 DOI: 10.1101/gr.132662.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 395] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide, and adenocarcinoma is its most common histological subtype. Clinical and molecular evidence indicates that lung adenocarcinoma is a heterogeneous disease, which has important implications for treatment. Here we performed genome-scale DNA methylation profiling using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation27 platform on 59 matched lung adenocarcinoma/non-tumor lung pairs, with genome-scale verification on an independent set of tissues. We identified 766 genes showing altered DNA methylation between tumors and non-tumor lung. By integrating DNA methylation and mRNA expression data, we identified 164 hypermethylated genes showing concurrent down-regulation, and 57 hypomethylated genes showing increased expression. Integrated pathways analysis indicates that these genes are involved in cell differentiation, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, RAS and WNT signaling pathways, and cell cycle regulation, among others. Comparison of DNA methylation profiles between lung adenocarcinomas of current and never-smokers showed modest differences, identifying only LGALS4 as significantly hypermethylated and down-regulated in smokers. LGALS4, encoding a galactoside-binding protein involved in cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions, was recently shown to be a tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer. Unsupervised analysis of the DNA methylation data identified two tumor subgroups, one of which showed increased DNA methylation and was significantly associated with KRAS mutation and to a lesser extent, with smoking. Our analysis lays the groundwork for further molecular studies of lung adenocarcinoma by identifying novel epigenetically deregulated genes potentially involved in lung adenocarcinoma development/progression, and by describing an epigenetic subgroup of lung adenocarcinoma associated with characteristic molecular alterations.
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Lei J, Deng X, Zhang J, Su L, Xu H, Liang H, Huang X, Song Z, Deng H. Mutation screening of the HDC gene in Chinese Han patients with Tourette syndrome. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2012; 159B:72-6. [PMID: 22095709 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Tourette Syndrome (TS) is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by vocal and motor tics. While environmental causes have been proposed to play a role, genetic factors are believed to be the main determinants of the disorder and its clinical manifestations. Recently, a heterozygous W317X mutation in the histidine decarboxylase gene (HDC) was reported to be responsible for TS in a two-generation pedigree. To investigate whether the HDC gene play a role in TS in Chinese Han population, we performed genetic analysis of the coding region of the HDC gene in 100 Chinese Han patients with TS. Three variants were found including a C > T transition (IVS1 + 52C > T), a novel C > A transition (c.426C > A) in exon 4, and a novel G > A transition (c.1743G > A) in exon 12, both predicted with no amino acid change. Extended analysis was conducted in a total of 120 TS patients and 240 sex, age, and ethnicity matched healthy controls. No significant differences in genotypic and allele distribution between patients and controls for these three variants (P = 0.274, P = 1.000 and P = 0.632 for genotypic distribution, respectively; P = 0.143, P = 1.000 and P = 0.582 for allele distribution, respectively) were observed, suggesting variants in the HDC gene may play little or no role in TS susceptibility in Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lei
- Center for Experimental Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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14
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Correa-Fiz F, Reyes-Palomares A, Fajardo I, Melgarejo E, Gutiérrez A, García-Ranea JA, Medina MA, Sánchez-Jiménez F. Regulatory cross-talk of mouse liver polyamine and methionine metabolic pathways: a systemic approach to its physiopathological consequences. Amino Acids 2011; 42:577-95. [PMID: 21818563 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-011-1044-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Accepted: 04/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Both polyamines and methionine derivatives are nitrogen compounds directly related to the regulation of gene expression. In silico predictions and experimental evidence suggest a cross-talk between polyamine and methionine metabolism in mammalian tissues. Since liver is the major organ that controls nitrogen metabolism of the whole organism, it is the best tissue to further test this hypothesis in vivo. In this work, we studied the effects of the chronic administration of a methionine-supplemented diet (0.5% Met in drinking water for 5 months) on the liver of mice (designated as MET-mice). Metabolic and proteomic approaches were performed and the data obtained were subjected to biocomputational analysis. Results showed that a supplemental methionine intake can indeed regulate biogenic amine metabolism in an in vivo model by multiple mechanisms including metabolic regulation and specific gene demethylation. Furthermore, putative systemic effects were investigated by molecular and cellular biology methods. Among other results, altered expression levels of multiple inflammation and cell proliferation/death balance markers were found and macrophage activation was observed. Overall, the results presented here will be of interest across a variety of biomedical disciplines, including nutrition, orphan diseases, immunology and oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Correa-Fiz
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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15
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Ohtsu H. Histamine synthesis and lessons learned from histidine decarboxylase deficient mice. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2011; 709:21-31. [PMID: 21618884 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-8056-4_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This chapter summarizes the information about the transcriptional regulation of histidine decarboxylase (HDC), which is the catabolic enzyme of histamine synthesis, and the activity of histamine in vivo as clarified using HDC gene deficient mice (HDC-KO). The research of the regulatory mechanism of histamine synthesis has been focused on transcriptional and posttranslational aspects. The generation ofHDC-KO mice clarified several new pathophysiological functions of histamine. It is now recognized that the activity of histamine is not limited to allergic, peptic and neurological functions as in the old paradigm, but extends to other fields such as cardiology, immunology and infectious diseases. Therefore, this chapter will focus on these newly revealed functions of histamine. For example, histamine was known to be involved in the effector phase of allergic responses, but a role has now been shown in the sensitization phases and in innate immunity. In the allergic bronchial asthma model using HDC-KO mice it was found that histamine positively controls eosinophilia, but not bronchial hypersensitivity. The effect on eosinophils was afterwards shown to be mediated through the activity of the histamine H4 receptor. The recent advances in the understanding of histamine synthesis and the activity of HDC have dramatically expanded our understanding of the scope of histamine function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ohtsu
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan.
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16
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Histamine deficiency promotes inflammation-associated carcinogenesis through reduced myeloid maturation and accumulation of CD11b+Ly6G+ immature myeloid cells. Nat Med 2010; 17:87-95. [PMID: 21170045 PMCID: PMC3075560 DOI: 10.1038/nm.2278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2010] [Accepted: 11/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Histidine decarboxylase (HDC), the unique enzyme responsible for histamine generation, is highly expressed in myeloid cells but its function is poorly understood. Here, we show that Hdc knockout mice exhibit a markedly increased rate of colon and skin carcinogenesis. Using Hdc-EGFP BAC transgenic mice, we demonstrate that Hdc is expressed primarily in CD11b+Ly6G+ immature myeloid cells (IMCs) that are recruited early on in chemical carcinogenesis. Transplant of Hdc-deficient bone marrow to wildtype recipients results in increased CD11b+Ly6G+ cell mobilization and reproduces the cancer susceptibility phenotype. In addition, IMCs from Hdc knockout mice promote the growth of cancer xenografts and colon cancer cells downregulate Hdc expression through promoter hypermethylation and inhibits myeloid cell maturation. Exogenous histamine induces the differentiation of IMCs and suppresses their ability to support the growth of xenografts. These data indicate key roles for Hdc and histamine in myeloid cell differentiation, and CD11b+Ly6G+ IMCs in early cancer development.
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17
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García-Faroldi G, Correa-Fiz F, Abrighach H, Berdasco M, Fraga MF, Esteller M, Urdiales JL, Sánchez-Jiménez F, Fajardo I. Polyamines affect histamine synthesis during early stages of IL-3-induced bone marrow cell differentiation. J Cell Biochem 2010; 108:261-71. [PMID: 19562674 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells synthesize and store histamine, a key immunomodulatory mediator. Polyamines are essential for every living cell. Previously, we detected an antagonistic relationship between the metabolisms of these amines in established mast cell and basophilic cell lines. Here, we used the IL-3-driven mouse bone marrow-derived mast cell (BMMC) culture system to further investigate this antagonism in a mast cell model of deeper physiological significance. Polyamines and histamine levels followed opposite profiles along the bone marrow cell cultures leading to BMMCs. alpha-Difluoromethylornithine (DFMO)-induced polyamine depletion resulted in an upregulation of histidine decarboxylase (HDC, the histamine-synthesizing enzyme) expression and activity, accompanied by increased histamine levels, specifically during early stages of these cell cultures, where an active histamine synthesis process occurs. In contrast, DFMO did not induce any effect in either HDC activity or histamine levels of differentiated BMMCs or C57.1 mast cells, that exhibit a nearly inactive histamine synthesis rate. Sequence-specific DNA methylation analysis revealed that the DFMO-induced HDC mRNA upregulation observed in early bone marrow cell cultures is not attributable to a demethylation of the gene promoter caused by the pharmacological polyamine depletion. Taken together, the results support an inverse relationship between histamine and polyamine metabolisms during the bone marrow cell cultures leading to BMMCs and, moreover, suggest that the regulation of the histamine synthesis occurring during the early stages of these cultures depends on the concentrations of polyamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianni García-Faroldi
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Málaga, CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBER-ER), Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
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18
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Ichikawa A, Sugimoto Y, Tanaka S. Molecular biology of histidine decarboxylase and prostaglandin receptors. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2010; 86:848-66. [PMID: 20948178 PMCID: PMC3037517 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.86.848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Histamine and prostaglandins (PGs) play a variety of physiological roles as autacoids, which function in the vicinity of their sources and maintain local homeostasis in the body. They stimulate target cells by acting on their specific receptors, which are coupled to trimeric G proteins. For the precise understanding of the physiological roles of histamine and PGs, it is necessary to clarify the molecular mechanisms involved in their synthesis as well as their receptor-mediated responses. We cloned the cDNAs for mouse L-histidine decarboxylase (HDC) and 6 mouse prostanoid receptors (4 PGE(2) receptors, PGF receptor, and PGI receptor). We then characterized the expression patterns and functions of these genes. Furthermore, we established gene-targeted mouse strains for HDC and PG receptors to explore the novel pathophysiological roles of histamine and PGs. We have here summarized our research, which should contribute to progress in the molecular biology of HDC and PG receptors.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA, Complementary/metabolism
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
- Histamine/chemistry
- Histidine Decarboxylase/genetics
- Histidine Decarboxylase/metabolism
- Homeostasis
- Humans
- Mice
- Models, Biological
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/genetics
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/metabolism
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP3 Subtype/genetics
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP3 Subtype/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Ichikawa
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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19
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García-Faroldi G, Sánchez-Jiménez F, Fajardo I. The polyamine and histamine metabolic interplay in cancer and chronic inflammation. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2009; 12:59-65. [PMID: 19057189 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0b013e328314b9ac] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To provide an update on the major research contributing to deciphering the metabolic interplay of polyamines/histamine and its impact in cancer and chronic inflammation. RECENT FINDINGS The most recent and relevant findings that might reflect a link between the polyamines/histamine metabolic interplay and the development of cancer and chronic inflammation-related diseases include: the observation that histamine catabolism is downregulated in the colonic mucosa of patients with colonic adenoma; the finding that some polyamine and histamine-related metabolites are different between a breast cancer cell line and a reference mammary epithelial cell line; and the demonstration of the critical role that mast cells (a cell type in which the polyamine/histamine metabolic interplay has been confirmed) play in the development of pancreatic tumors. There is still, however, a lack of specific studies elucidating the exact contribution of the polyamine/histamine metabolic interplay in these clinical settings. SUMMARY In mammalian cells, a polyamine/histamine metabolic interplay has been extensively proven; however, its ultimate effect on human health largely depends on the cell type and environment. Information on this topic is currently fragmented in the literature. In order to develop efficient intervention strategies, it will be necessary to establish an integrated and holistic view of the role of the polyamine/histamine metabolic interplay in each pathological state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianni García-Faroldi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, and CIBER de Enfermedades Raras, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga, Spain
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20
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Abstract
Histamine is a transmitter in the nervous system and a signaling molecule in the gut, the skin, and the immune system. Histaminergic neurons in mammalian brain are located exclusively in the tuberomamillary nucleus of the posterior hypothalamus and send their axons all over the central nervous system. Active solely during waking, they maintain wakefulness and attention. Three of the four known histamine receptors and binding to glutamate NMDA receptors serve multiple functions in the brain, particularly control of excitability and plasticity. H1 and H2 receptor-mediated actions are mostly excitatory; H3 receptors act as inhibitory auto- and heteroreceptors. Mutual interactions with other transmitter systems form a network that links basic homeostatic and higher brain functions, including sleep-wake regulation, circadian and feeding rhythms, immunity, learning, and memory in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut L Haas
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany.
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21
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Sánchez-Jiménez F, Montañez R, Correa-Fiz F, Chaves P, Rodríguez-Caso C, Urdiales JL, Aldana JF, Medina MA. The usefulness of post-genomics tools for characterization of the amine cross-talk in mammalian cells. Biochem Soc Trans 2007; 35:381-5. [PMID: 17371282 DOI: 10.1042/bst0350381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Evidence is growing in favour of a relationship between cancer and chronic inflammation, and particularly of the role of a polyamine and histamine metabolic interplay involved in these physiopathological problems, which are indeed highly complex biological systems. Decodification of the complex inter- and intra-cellular signalling mechanisms that control these effects is not an easy task, which must be helped by systems biology technologies, including new tools for location and integration of database-stored information and predictive mathematical models, as well as functional genomics and other experimental molecular approaches necessary for hypothesis validation. We review the state of the art and present our latest efforts in this area, focused on the amine metabolism field.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Sánchez-Jiménez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Campus de Teatinos, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, and CIBER of Rare Diseases, Spain.
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22
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Chaves P, Correa-Fiz F, Melgarejo E, Urdiales JL, Medina MA, Sánchez-Jiménez F. Development of an expression macroarray for amine metabolism-related genes. Amino Acids 2007; 33:315-22. [PMID: 17610129 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-007-0528-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2006] [Accepted: 02/01/2007] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cationic amino acids are the precursors of biogenic amines, histamine from histidine, and putrescine, spermidine and spermine from arginine/ornithine (and methionine), as well as nitric oxide. These amines play important biological roles in inter- and intracellular signaling mechanisms related to inflammation, cell proliferation and neurotransmission. Biochemical and epidemiological relationships between arginine-derived products and histamine have been reported to play important roles in physiopathological problems. In this communication, we describe the construction of an expression macroarray containing more than 30 human probes for most of the key proteins involved in biogenic amines metabolisms, as well as other inflammation- and proliferation-related probes. The array has been validated on human mast HMC-1 cells. On this model, we have got further support for an inverse correlation between polyamine and histamine synthesis previously observed on murine basophilic models. These tools should also be helpful to understand the amine roles in many other inflammatory and neoplastic pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Chaves
- ProCel Lab, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Faculty of Sciences, Campus Teatinos, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
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23
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Hirasawa N, Torigoe M, Ohgawara R, Murakami A, Ohuchi K. Involvement of MAP kinases in lipopolysaccharide-induced histamine production in RAW 264 cells. Life Sci 2006; 80:36-42. [PMID: 16978663 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2006.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2006] [Revised: 08/08/2006] [Accepted: 08/16/2006] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Roles of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of histamine in the mouse macrophage-like cell line RAW 264 were analyzed. Incubation of RAW 264 cells in the presence of LPS increased histamine levels in the conditioned medium in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The levels of histidine decarboxylase (HDC) mRNA and the 74-kDa HDC protein were also increased at 4 to 8 h and 8 to 12 h, respectively. LPS elicited the phosphorylation of p44/42 MAP kinase, p38 MAP kinase, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). The MAP kinase-Erk kinase 1 inhibitor U0126 (0.1-10 microM) suppressed the LPS-induced phosphorylation of p44/42 MAP kinase, and inhibited the LPS-induced production of histamine and expression of the HDC mRNA and 74-kDa HDC protein in a concentration-dependent manner. The JNK inhibitor SP600125 (3-30 microM) suppressed the LPS-induced phosphorylation of c-Jun, and inhibited the LPS-induced production of histamine and expression of the HDC mRNA and 74-kDa protein in a concentration-dependent manner. Combined treatment with U0126 (0.3 microM) and SP600125 (10 microM) inhibited the LPS-induced production of histamine additively. The p38 MAP kinase inhibitor SB203580 (0.1-10 microM) partially inhibited the LPS-induced production of histamine. These findings suggest that LPS increases histamine production in RAW 264 cells by inducing the expression of the 74-kDa HDC protein, and that the LPS-induced expression of HDC is up-regulated at the transcriptional level by MAP kinases, especially p44 MAP kinase and JNK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyasu Hirasawa
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan.
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24
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Hirasawa N, Torigoe M, Kano K, Ohuchi K. Involvement of Sp1 in lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of HDC mRNA in RAW 264 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 349:833-7. [PMID: 16949047 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.08.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2006] [Accepted: 08/18/2006] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of Sp1 in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced transcription of HDC mRNA in the mouse macrophage-like cell line RAW 264 was analyzed. LPS increased the levels of HDC mRNA 4 h after the stimulation in a concentration-dependent manner. Mithramycin A, an inhibitor of the binding of the Sp family to the GC box, reduced the LPS-induced increase in the levels of HDC mRNA at 4 h and HDC protein at 8 h in a concentration-dependent manner. By conducting electrophoretic mobility shift assays, we found that one of the transcription factors binding to the DNA probe containing the GC box sequence of the mouse HDC gene promoter region was Sp1, and that levels of Sp1-DNA probe complexes were increased by stimulation with LPS although the protein levels of Sp1 were not changed. These results suggested that Sp1 is one of the transcription factors that regulate the LPS-induced expression of HDC in RAW 264 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyasu Hirasawa
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan.
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25
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Morgan TK, Montgomery K, Mason V, West RB, Wang L, van de Rijn M, Higgins JP. Upregulation of histidine decarboxylase expression in superficial cortical nephrons during pregnancy in mice and women. Kidney Int 2006; 70:306-14. [PMID: 16760908 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ki.5001553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms regulating pregnancy-induced changes in renal function are incompletely understood. Few candidate genes have been identified and data suggest that alternate mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Our objective was to screen thousands of genes expressed in kidneys from mice throughout gestation to identify possible key regulators of renal function during pregnancy. Mouse complementary DNA microarrays were used to screen for differences in expression during pregnancy in C57BL/6 mice. Interesting candidate genes whose expression varied with pregnancy were further analyzed by reverse transcription-PCR and Northern blot. Expression was localized by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Follow-up immunohistochemical analyses in archival human kidney sections from the fetus, non-pregnant, and pregnant women were also performed. Histidine decarboxylase (HDC), the enzyme that synthesizes histamine, was markedly upregulated in the mouse kidney during pregnancy. HDC expression localized to proximal tubule cells of fetal and adult mice. Females showed strong expression in the juxtamedullary zone before pregnancy and upregulation in the superficial cortical zone (SCZ) by mid-gestation. Histamine colocalized with HDC. Male mice showed only low HDC expression. Similar expression patterns were observed in human kidneys. Our results show that HDC expression and histamine production are increased in the SCZ during pregnancy. If histamine acts as a vasodilator, we speculate that increasing production in the SCZ may increase renal blood flow to this zone and recruit superficial cortical nephrons during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Morgan
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California, USA.
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26
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Ai W, Takaishi S, Wang TC, Fleming JV. Regulation of l‐Histidine Decarboxylase and Its Role in Carcinogenesis. PROGRESS IN NUCLEIC ACID RESEARCH AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2006; 81:231-70. [PMID: 16891173 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6603(06)81006-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wandong Ai
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, Irving Cancer Research Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
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27
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Abstract
Because the Falck-Hillarp formaldehyde fluorescence method, which was superbly applied to identify catecholaminergic and serotonergic neurons, is not applicable to histamine, the first author (T.W.) developed an antibody to L-histidine decarboxylase (HDC) for identification of the histaminergic neuron system in the brain. The anti-HDC antibody was of great use for mapping the location and distribution of this histaminergic neuron system. (S)-alpha-fluoromethylhistidine, a specific and potent irreversible inhibitor of HDC, was also very useful in studies on functions of the neuron system. The activity of HDC is increased by various agents, treatments, and physiological conditions. We found new compounds that increased HDC activity (i.e., tetradecanoylphobol acetate (TPA), other tumor promoters, and staphylococcal enterotoxin A); and using mast cell-deficient mutant (W/W(v)) mice, we obtained evidence that this increase occurred in macrophages. To further characterize the mechanism of increases in HDC activity, the second author (H.O.) cloned human HDC cDNA and a human HDC gene. In studies on the regulation mechanism of the HDC gene, which is expressed only in limited types of cells such as mast cells, enterochromaffin-like cells in the stomach, cells in the tuberomammillary nucleus of the brain, and macrophages, CpG islands in the promoter region of the HDC gene were found to be demethylated in cells expressing the gene, whereas they are methylated in other cells that do not express the HDC gene. In collaboration with many other researchers, we developed HDC knockout mice. The resulting research is producing a lot of interesting findings in our laboratory as well as in others. In summary, HDC has been and will be useful in studies on functions of histamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiko Watanabe
- Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
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28
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Wiener Z, Falus A, Toth S. IL-9 increases the expression of several cytokines in activated mast cells, while the IL-9-induced IL-9 production is inhibited in mast cells of histamine-free transgenic mice. Cytokine 2004; 26:122-30. [PMID: 15135806 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2004.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2003] [Revised: 11/04/2003] [Accepted: 01/27/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Histamine and IL-9 are suspected to play an important role in the pathogenesis of asthmatic and allergic reactions. Mast cells store a large amount of histamine in their granules and are capable of producing different cytokines upon stimulation. In this study we show that mast cells stimulated by IL-9 and ionomycin or IL-9 and antigen-specific IgE/antigen express several cytokines at mRNA level, among them are IL-5, IL-4, IL-10, IL-9, IL-13, IL-1beta, IL-1Ra, IL-6 and MIF. Furthermore, both IL-9 and ionomycin are needed for the production of these cytokines in great quantities, which is mediated through the production of IL-1beta. Histamine-free mast cells respond by a markedly decreased IL-9 expression to this stimulation. Our results show that this IL-9-induced IL-9 production may result in a positive feedback loop in mast cells and the lack of histamine disturbs this loop, which may serve as an explanation for the reduced asthmatic symptoms, observed in histamine-free mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Wiener
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University of Medicine, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest 1089, Hungary
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29
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Ai W, Liu Y, Langlois M, Wang TC. Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) represses histidine decarboxylase gene expression through an upstream Sp1 site and downstream gastrin responsive elements. J Biol Chem 2003; 279:8684-93. [PMID: 14670968 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m308278200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Histidine decarboxylase (HDC) is the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of histidine to histamine, a bioamine that plays an important role in allergic responses, inflammation, neurotransmission, and gastric acid secretion. Previously, we demonstrated that gastrin activates HDC promoter activity in a gastric cancer (AGS-E) cell line through three overlapping downstream promoter elements. In the current study, we used the yeast one-hybrid strategy to identify nuclear factors that bind to these three elements. Among eight positives from the one-hybrid screen, we identified Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) (previously known as gut-enriched Kruppel-like factor (GKLF)) as one factor that binds to the gastrin responsive elements in the HDC promoter. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays confirmed that KLF4 is able to bind all three gastrin responsive elements. In addition, transient cotransfection experiments showed that overexpression of KLF4 dose dependently and specifically inhibited HDC promoter activity. Regulation of HDC transcription by KLF4 was confirmed by changes in the endogenous HDC messenger RNA by KLF4 small interfering RNA and KLF4 overexpression. We further showed that KLF4 inhibits HDC promoter activity by competing with Sp1 at the upstream GC box and also independently by binding the three downstream gastrin responsive elements. Taken together, these results indicate that KLF4 can act to repress HDC gene expression by Sp1-dependent and -independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wandong Ai
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
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30
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Thomas RM, Haleem K, Siddique AB, Simmons WJ, Sen N, Zhang DJ, Tsiagbe VK. Regulation of mouse mammary tumor virus env transcriptional activator initiated mammary tumor virus superantigen transcripts in lymphomas of SJL/J mice: role of Ikaros, demethylation, and chromatin structural change in the transcriptional activation of mammary tumor virus superantigen. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2003; 170:218-27. [PMID: 12496403 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.170.1.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mammary tumor virus (Mtv29)-encoded superantigen expressed by SJL/J mouse B cell lymphomas stimulates CD4+V16+ T cells and thereby acquires T cell help necessary for lymphoma growth. Mtv29 mouse mammary tumor virus env transcriptional activator (META) env-controlled Mtv29 superantigen (vSAg29) mRNA transcripts (1.8 kb) are not expressed in normal B or other somatic cells. Real-time PCR-based assays with DNA from normal SJL liver and vSAg29- lymphoma (cNJ101), digested with methylation-sensitive enzymes, showed hypermethylation at AvaI, FspI, HpaII, ThaI, and the distal HgaI sites of the META env, but vSAg29+ lymphoma cells showed significant demethylation at AvaI, HpaII, and the distal HgaI sites. The distal HgaI site that is adjacent to an Ikaros binding site is significantly demethylated in the META env DNA from primary lymphomas. Gel shift assays showed binding of Ikaros to a sequence representing this region in the META env. SJL lymphomas expressed the Ikaros isoform Ik6 that was absent in normal B cells. vSAg29+ cells exhibited increased DNaseI accessibility to chromatin at the vSAg29 initiation site. Treatment of cNJ101 cells with a demethylating agent, 5-azacytidine, and a histone deacetylase inhibitor, trichostatin A, caused hypomethylation at AvaI, HpaII, and distal HgaI sites and led to chromatin structural change at the vSAg29 initiation site, accompanied by the expression of vSAg29 transcripts. This enabled cNJ101 cells to stimulate SJL lymphoma-responsive CD4+V16+ T hybridoma cells. Thus, demethylation at the distal HgaI site of the Mtv29 META env permits vSAg29 expression, which may have an impact on the development of germinal center-derived B cell lymphomas of SJL/J mice.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Azacitidine/pharmacology
- Chromatin/chemistry
- Chromatin/enzymology
- Chromatin/metabolism
- DNA Methylation
- DNA-Binding Proteins
- Deoxyribonuclease I/metabolism
- Female
- Genes, env/physiology
- Hydroxamic Acids/pharmacology
- Ikaros Transcription Factor
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/immunology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/virology
- Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse/genetics
- Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse/immunology
- Mice
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/immunology
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Retroviridae Infections/genetics
- Retroviridae Infections/immunology
- Superantigens/genetics
- Superantigens/metabolism
- Trans-Activators/metabolism
- Trans-Activators/physiology
- Transcription Factors/physiology
- Transcription, Genetic/immunology
- Transcriptional Activation/immunology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Tumor Virus Infections/genetics
- Tumor Virus Infections/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan M Thomas
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Kaplan Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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31
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Tanaka S, Hamada K, Yamada N, Sugita Y, Tonai S, Hunyady B, Palkovits M, Falus A, Watanabe T, Okabe S, Ohtsu H, Ichikawa A, Nagy A. Gastric acid secretion in L-histidine decarboxylase-deficient mice. Gastroenterology 2002; 122:145-55. [PMID: 11781289 DOI: 10.1053/gast.2002.30312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Histamine, gastrin, and acetylcholine are known to be the primary secretagogues of gastric acid secretion, but how the roles are shared among these secretagogues remains to be fully clarified. To evaluate the cooperation between histamine and the other secretagogues, acid secretion responses induced by each secretagogue were measured in L-histidine decarboxylase (HDC)-deficient mice. METHODS Acid secretion was measured by the titration of acid under anesthesia. The expression of selected genes involved in acid secretion was determined by Northern blot and/or immunoblot analysis. Histamine-2 (H(2)) receptor binding in the gastric mucosa was investigated using [(3)H]tiotidine. RESULTS HDC-deficient mice showed low basal and high exogenous histamine-stimulated acid secretion. The mutant mice showed hypergastrinemia and did not undergo acid secretion upon treatment with exogenous gastrin. However, carbachol stimulated weak and transient acid secretion in the mutants. The Bmax values for H(2) and the expression of Gs alpha in gastric mucosal membranes were higher in the mutants than in the wild-type mice. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms the concept that histamine production is essential for gastric acid secretion induced by gastrin, but not for that induced by carbachol. HDC-deficient mice should be a suitable model for further functional analyses of the correlation between histamine and the other acid secretagogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Tanaka
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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32
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Watanabe T. [Studies on histamine with L-histidine decarboxylase, a histamine-forming enzyme, as a probe: from purification to gene knockout]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2001; 118:159-69. [PMID: 11577456 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.118.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
I have been studying the functions of the histaminergic neuron system in the brain, the location and distribution of which we elucidated with antibody raised against L-histidine decarboxylase (a histamine-forming enzyme) as a marker in 1984. For this purpose, we used two methods employing (1) pharmacological agents like alpha-fluoromethylhistidine, an HDC inhibitor, and agonists and antagonists of H1, H2 and H3 receptors and (2) knockout mice of the HDC- and H1- and H2-receptor genes. In some cases, we used positron emission tomography (PET) of H1 receptors in living human brains. It turned out that histamine neurons are involved in many brain functions, and particularly, histamine is one of the neuron systems to keep awakefulness. Histamine also plays important roles in bioprotection against various noxious or unfavorable stimuli (convulsion, nociception, drug sensitization, ischemic lesions, stress and so on). Finally, I briefly described interesting phenotypes found in peripheral tissues of HDC-KO mice; the most striking finding is that mast cells in HDC-KO mice are fewer in number, smaller in size and less dense in granule density than those of wild type mice, indicating that histamine is related to the proliferation and differentiation of mast cells. In conclusion, histamine is important not only in the central and peripheral systems as studied so far but also may be related to some new functions that are now under investigation in our laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Watanabe
- Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
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Pacilio M, Debili N, Arnould A, Machavoine F, Rolli-Derkinderen M, Bodger M, Arock M, Duménil D, Dy M, Schneider E. Thrombopoietin induces histidine decarboxylase gene expression in c-mpl transfected UT7 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 285:1095-101. [PMID: 11478766 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.5296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The leukemic cell line UT7 is endowed with both megakaryocyte and basophil differentiation potential, as judged by its capacity to respond to PMA by displaying megakaryocytic and basophilic markers and to produce histamine by neosynthesis. Herein, we addressed the question whether the biological activities characteristic of basophil differentiation were still induced when c-mpl-transfected UT7 cells received a specific megakaryocytic differentiation signal delivered by thrombopoietin (TPO). Surprisingly, we found that histamine synthesis did effectively occur in response to the growth factor. This activity was not associated with megakaryopoiesis since it was not detected in megakaryocytes generated from CD34(+) cells cultured in the presence of TPO. Comparing different c-mpl-transfected cell lines, we found that the amount of histamine generated in response to TPO correlated with their responsiveness to PMA, but not with their level of c-mpl expression, thus revealing an intrinsic basophil differentiation potential. Both PMA- and TPO-induced histamine synthesis was reduced by PKC and MEKs inhibitors, indicating that the induction occurred through a common signalling pathway.
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MESH Headings
- Basophils/cytology
- Basophils/drug effects
- Basophils/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Gene Expression/drug effects
- Histamine/biosynthesis
- Histidine Decarboxylase/biosynthesis
- Histidine Decarboxylase/genetics
- Humans
- Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute/pathology
- Megakaryocytes/cytology
- Megakaryocytes/drug effects
- Megakaryocytes/metabolism
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Neoplasm Proteins
- Protein Kinase C/antagonists & inhibitors
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Cytokine
- Receptors, Thrombopoietin
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology
- Thrombopoietin/pharmacology
- Transfection
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pacilio
- CNRS UMR 8603, Paris V University, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
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34
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Ohtsu H, Tanaka S, Terui T, Hori Y, Makabe-Kobayashi Y, Pejler G, Tchougounova E, Hellman L, Gertsenstein M, Hirasawa N, Sakurai E, Buzás E, Kovács P, Csaba G, Okada M, Hara M, Mar L, Numayama-Tsuruta K, Ishigaki-Suzuki S, Ohuchi K, Ichikawa A, Falus A, Watanabe T, Nagy A. Mice lacking histidine decarboxylase exhibit abnormal mast cells. FEBS Lett 2001; 502:53-6. [PMID: 11478947 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(01)02663-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Histidine decarboxylase (HDC) synthesizes histamine from histidine in mammals. To evaluate the role of histamine, we generated HDC-deficient mice using a gene targeting method. The mice showed a histamine deficiency and lacked histamine-synthesizing activity from histidine. These HDC-deficient mice are viable and fertile but exhibit a decrease in the numbers of mast cells while the remaining mast cells show an altered morphology and reduced granular content. The amounts of mast cell granular proteases were tremendously reduced. The HDC-deficient mice provide a unique and promising model for studying the role of histamine in a broad range of normal and disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ohtsu
- Department of Cellular Pharmacology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
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