1
|
Visvanathan R, Houghton MJ, Barber E, Williamson G. Structure-function relationships in (poly)phenol-enzyme binding: Direct inhibition of human salivary and pancreatic α-amylases. Food Res Int 2024; 188:114504. [PMID: 38823880 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
(Poly)phenols inhibit α-amylase by directly binding to the enzyme and/or by forming starch-polyphenol complexes. Conventional methods using starch as the substrate measure inhibition from both mechanisms, whereas the use of shorter oligosaccharides as substrates exclusively measures the direct interaction of (poly)phenols with the enzyme. In this study, using a chromatography-based method and a short oligosaccharide as the substrate, we investigated the detailed structural prerequisites for the direct inhibition of human salivary and pancreatic α-amylases by over 50 (poly)phenols from the (poly)phenol groups: flavonols, flavones, flavanones, flavan-3-ols, polymethoxyflavones, isoflavones, anthocyanidins and phenolic acids. Despite being structurally very similar (97% sequence homology), human salivary and pancreatic α-amylases were inhibited to different extents by the tested (poly)phenols. The most potent human salivary α-amylase inhibitors were luteolin and pelargonidin, while the methoxylated anthocyanidins, peonidin and petunidin, significantly blocked pancreatic enzyme activity. B-ring methoxylation of anthocyanidins increased inhibition against both human α-amylases while hydroxyl groups at C3 and B3' acted antagonistically in human salivary inhibition. C4 carbonyl reduction, or the positive charge on the flavonoid structure, was the key structural feature for human pancreatic inhibition. B-ring glycosylation did not affect salivary enzyme inhibition, but increased pancreatic enzyme inhibition when compared to its corresponding aglycone. Overall, our findings indicate that the efficacy of interaction with human α-amylase is mainly influenced by the type and placement of functional groups rather than the number of hydroxyl groups and molecular weight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rizliya Visvanathan
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, BASE Facility, 264 Ferntree Gully Road, Notting Hill, VIC 3168, Australia; Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Victorian Heart Hospital, 631 Blackburn Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Michael J Houghton
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, BASE Facility, 264 Ferntree Gully Road, Notting Hill, VIC 3168, Australia; Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Victorian Heart Hospital, 631 Blackburn Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Barber
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, BASE Facility, 264 Ferntree Gully Road, Notting Hill, VIC 3168, Australia; Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Victorian Heart Hospital, 631 Blackburn Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Gary Williamson
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, BASE Facility, 264 Ferntree Gully Road, Notting Hill, VIC 3168, Australia; Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Victorian Heart Hospital, 631 Blackburn Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wahab M, Janaswamy S. Porous corn starch granules as effective host matrices for encapsulation and sustained release of curcumin and resveratrol. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 333:121967. [PMID: 38494222 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a carbohydrate-rich diet-regulated ailment with carbohydrates digested and absorbed rapidly. Hence, modulating carbohydrate digestion is warranted; to this end, polyphenols from plant sources are handy. However, polyphenols' instability and low bioavailability limit their wholesome use, and thus, encapsulating them into an inexpensive and suitable wall material would be the best strategy. Herein, the potential of porous starch granules is demonstrated. Curcumin and resveratrol were chosen as the test polyphenols due to their proven health benefits, and porous corn starch granules were chosen as the wall material. Porous corn starch granules were prepared through enzymatic modification with 11, 22, and 33 units of amyloglucosidase at three reaction times of 2, 4, and 6 h. The polyphenols were loaded at 100, 200, and 500 mg concentrations in 1 g of starch for 21 days and were characterized through Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses. The encapsulation efficiency was determined, the rate of starch digestion was calculated through the Englyst test, and polyphenols' in vitro release behavior in gastric and intestinal fluids was measured. Results suggest that 33 enzyme units for a 2 h reaction time were optimal for forming spherical-oval pores on corn starch granules with the maximum encapsulation efficiency of 80.16 % and 88.33 % for curcumin and resveratrol, respectively. The FTIR results suggest the entrapment of polyphenols inside the starch matrix. The inclusion significantly reduced starch digestion and increased the percentage of resistant starch up to 41.11 % and 66.36 % with curcumin and resveratrol, respectively. The in vitro release behavior demonstrated good stability in the simulated gastric fluids and sustained release in simulated intestinal fluids. The encapsulated polyphenols showed a complex Fickian type of diffusion mechanism. Overall, the results suggest that porous corn starch granules could be a potential delivery system for curcumin and resveratrol and will aid in developing novel functional foods to address the T2DM concerns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Wahab
- Department of Dairy and Food Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Srinivas Janaswamy
- Department of Dairy and Food Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kim DS, Jo NG, Lee DW, Ko MH, Seo JH, Kim GW. Ultrasonographic Contrast and Therapeutic Effects of Hydrogen Peroxide-Responsive Nanoparticles in a Rat Model with Sciatic Neuritis. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:3031-3044. [PMID: 38562612 PMCID: PMC10982809 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s447691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Peripheral nerve damage lacks an appropriate diagnosis consistent with the patient's symptoms, despite expensive magnetic resonance imaging or electrodiagnostic assessments, which cause discomfort. Ultrasonography is valuable for diagnosing and treating nerve lesions; however, it is unsuitable for detecting small lesions. Poly(vanillin-oxalate) (PVO) nanoparticles are prepared from vanillin, a phytochemical with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Previously, PVO nanoparticles were cleaved by H2O2 to release vanillin, exert therapeutic efficacy, and generate CO2 to increase ultrasound contrast. However, the role of PVO nanoparticles in peripheral nerve lesion models is still unknown. Herein, we aimed to determine whether PVO nanoparticles can function as contrast and therapeutic agents for nerve lesions. Methods To induce sciatic neuritis, rats were administered a perineural injection of carrageenan using a nerve stimulator under ultrasonographic guidance, and PVO nanoparticles were injected perineurally to evaluate ultrasonographic contrast and therapeutic effects. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR was performed to detect mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, ie, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and cyclooxygenase-2. Results In the rat model of sciatic neuritis, PVO nanoparticles generated CO2 bubbles to increase ultrasonographic contrast, and a single perineural injection of PVO nanoparticles suppressed the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and cyclooxygenase-2, reduced the expression of F4/80, and increased the expression of GAP43. Conclusion The results of the current study suggest that PVO nanoparticles could be developed as ultrasonographic contrast agents and therapeutic agents for nerve lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Da-Sol Kim
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Gyu Jo
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hansol Convalescence Rehabilitation Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Won Lee
- Department of Bionanotechnology and Bioconvergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Polymer Nano Science and Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Hwan Ko
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwan Seo
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Wook Kim
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bionanotechnology and Bioconvergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Quagliardi M, Frapiccini E, Marini M, Panfili M, Santanatoglia A, Kouamo Nguefang ML, Roncarati A, Vittori S, Borsetta G. Use of grape by-products in aquaculture: New frontiers for a circular economy application. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27443. [PMID: 38468965 PMCID: PMC10926132 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Grape by-products have already been used in cosmetics, food industries, but also animal feed industry, especially monogastrics and in aquaculture. Grape by-products have been studied for a long time and their principal activities are antimicrobial and antioxidant. Concerning aquaculture, the great demand and necessity to replace animal sources with vegetable ones, has placed grape by-products as possible new phytonutrients with beneficial properties. The purpose of this review is to describe the use of grape by-products in aquaculture, during the last decade, concerning their effects on: 1) gut health and welfare status; 2) growth performances; 3) quality of fillets and flesh during the rearing cycle and shelf-life products. Although other studies highlighted that the high supplementation of grape by-products could negatively affect fish health and growth, due to antinutritional factors (tannins), grape by-products are proven to be valuable phytonutrients that can be incorporated into fish feed to enhance growth and health during rearing conditions. Even in fish products, their utilization has proven to elongate the properties and shelf-life of fillets and minces. Further studies to evaluate the possible integrations or replacements with grape by-products in fish feed in order to evaluate their effectiveness in aquaculture from a sustainable circular economy perspective will be desirable to enhance the use of these products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Quagliardi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, 62024, Italy
| | - Emanuela Frapiccini
- National Research Council—Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnologies (CNR-IRBIM), Ancona, 60125, Italy
| | - Mauro Marini
- National Research Council—Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnologies (CNR-IRBIM), Ancona, 60125, Italy
| | - Monica Panfili
- National Research Council—Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnologies (CNR-IRBIM), Ancona, 60125, Italy
| | | | | | - Alessandra Roncarati
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, 62024, Italy
| | - Sauro Vittori
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, 62032, Italy
| | - Germana Borsetta
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, 62032, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hewawansa UHAJ, Houghton MJ, Barber E, Costa RJS, Kitchen B, Williamson G. Flavonoids and phenolic acids from sugarcane: Distribution in the plant, changes during processing, and potential benefits to industry and health. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13307. [PMID: 38369931 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Sugarcane (Saccharum sp.) plants are grown in warmer climates throughout the world and processed to produce sugar as well as other useful byproducts such as molasses and bagasse. Sugarcane is rich in (poly)phenols, but there has been no attempt to critically evaluate the published information based on the use of suitable methodologies. The objective of this review is to evaluate the quantitative and qualitative (poly)phenolic profiles of individual parts of the sugarcane plant and its multiple industrial products, which will help develop new processes and uses for sugarcane (poly)phenols. The quantitative analysis involves the examination of extraction, concentration, and analytical techniques used in each study for each plant part and product. The qualitative analysis indicates the identification of various (poly)phenols throughout the sugarcane processing chain, using only compounds elucidated through robust analytical methodologies such as mass spectrometry or nuclear magnetic resonance. In conclusion, sugarcane (poly)phenols are predominantly flavonoids and phenolic acids. The main flavonoids, derivatives of apigenin, luteolin, and tricin, with a substantial proportion of C-glycosides, are consistently found across all phases of sugarcane processing. The principal phenolic acids reported throughout the process include chlorogenic acids, as well as ferulic and caffeic acids mostly observed after hydrolysis. The derivation of precise quantitative information across publications is impeded by inconsistencies in analytical methodologies. The presence of multiple (poly)phenols with potential benefits for industrial applications and for health suggests sugarcane could be a useful provider of valuable compounds for future use in research and industrial processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulluwis H A J Hewawansa
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, BASE Facility, Notting Hill, Victoria, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Victorian Heart Hospital, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael J Houghton
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, BASE Facility, Notting Hill, Victoria, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Victorian Heart Hospital, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Barber
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, BASE Facility, Notting Hill, Victoria, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Victorian Heart Hospital, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ricardo J S Costa
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, BASE Facility, Notting Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Barry Kitchen
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, BASE Facility, Notting Hill, Victoria, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Victorian Heart Hospital, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gary Williamson
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, BASE Facility, Notting Hill, Victoria, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Victorian Heart Hospital, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Malta FAPS, Gonçalves DC. A triple-masked, two-center, randomized parallel clinical trial to assess the superiority of eight weeks of grape seed flour supplementation against placebo for weight loss attenuation during perioperative period in patients with cachexia associated with colorectal cancer: a study protocol. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1146479. [PMID: 38313843 PMCID: PMC10834683 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1146479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Progressive, involuntary weight and lean mass loss in cancer are linked to cachexia, a prevalent syndrome in gastrointestinal malignancies that impacts quality of life, survival and postoperative complications. Its pathophysiology is complex and believed to involve proinflammatory cytokine-mediated systemic inflammation resulting from tumor-host interaction, oxidative stress, abnormal metabolism and neuroendocrine changes. Therapeutic options for cachexia remain extremely limited, highlighting the need for clinical research targeting new interventions. Thus, this study primarily assesses the effects of grape-seed flour (GSF), rich in polyphenols and fibers, for attenuating perioperative weight loss in colorectal cancer. Methods This is a dual-center, triple-masked, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, phase II, randomized clinical trial designed to investigate GSF supplementation in subjects with pre- or cachexia associated with colorectal cancer during the perioperative period. Eighty-two participants will receive 8g of GSF or cornstarch (control) for 8 weeks. Assessments are scheduled around surgery: pre-intervention (4 weeks prior), day before, first week after, and post-intervention (4 weeks later). The primary endpoint is the difference in body weight mean change from baseline to week 8. The secondary endpoints describe the harms from 8-week supplementation and assess its superiority to improve body composition, post-surgical complications, quality of life, anorexia, fatigue, gastrointestinal symptoms, and handgrip strength. The study will also explore its effects on gut bacteria activity and composition, systemic inflammation, and muscle metabolism. Discussion The current trial addresses a gap within the field of cancer cachexia, specifically focusing on the potential role of a nutritional intervention during the acute treatment phase. GSF is expected to modulate inflammation and oxidative stress, both involved in muscle and intestinal dysfunction. The research findings hold substantial implications for enhancing the understanding about cachexia pathophysiology and may offer a new clinical approach to managing cachexia at a critical point in treatment, directly impacting clinical outcomes. Trial registration The Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (ReBEC), RBR-5p6nv8b; UTN: U1111-1285-9594. Prospectively registered on February 07, 2023.
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang H, Song T, Kang R, Ren F, Liu J, Wang J. Plant bioactive compounds alleviate photoinduced retinal damage and asthenopia: Mechanisms, synergies, and bioavailability. Nutr Res 2023; 120:115-134. [PMID: 37980835 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2023.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
The retina, an important tissue of the eye, is essential in visual transmission and sustaining adequate eyesight. However, oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions can harm retinal structure and function. Recent studies have demonstrated that exposure to light can induce oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions in retinal cells, thereby facilitating the progression of retinal damage-related diseases and asthenopia. Plant bioactive compounds such as anthocyanin, curcumin, resveratrol, lutein, zeaxanthin, epigallocatechin gallate, and quercetin are effective in alleviating retinal damage and asthenopia. Their strong oxidation resistance and unique chemical structure can prevent the retina from producing reactive oxygen species and regulating eye muscle relaxation, thus alleviating retinal damage and asthenopia. Additionally, the combination of these active ingredients produces a stronger antioxidant effect. Consequently, understanding the mechanism of retinal damage caused by light and the regulation mechanism of bioactive compounds can better protect the retina and reduce asthenopia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Zhang
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Tiancong Song
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Rui Kang
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Feiyue Ren
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Jie Liu
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Jing Wang
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rayo-Morales R, Segura-Carretero A, Borras-Linares I, Garcia-Burgos D. Suppression of sweet taste-related responses by plant-derived bioactive compounds and eating. Part I: A systematic review in humans. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19733. [PMID: 37817998 PMCID: PMC10560784 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The taste of food plays a crucial role in determining what and how much we eat. Thus, interventions that temporarily block sweet taste receptors offer a promising approach to addressing unhealthy behaviours associated with sugary foods. However, the relationship between reduced sweet taste response and food consumption remains unclear, with contradictory findings. Certain studies suggest that a diminished perception of sweetness leads to a sense of fullness and results in reduced food intake, while others suggest the opposite effect. To shed some light, our systematic review looked into the relationship between diminished sweet taste response and food consumption by examining the effects of bioactive compounds that experimentally inhibit sweetness in healthy individuals. This review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews and conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network, and covered original papers included in Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Food Science Source and Food Science and technology abstracts. We identified 33 peer-reviewed English-language studies that fit the topic and met the inclusion criteria. The current literature predominantly focuses on the immediate impact of oral gymnemic acids, failing to provide preliminary evidence in support of the specific threshold hypothesis, above which food consumption decreases and below which the opposite effect occurs. Additionally, there was inconsistency in the findings regarding the short-term desire to eat following sweetness inhibition. Considering the downstream effects on energy intake and their clinical applications, further research is needed to clarify both the acute within-session effects (i.e., not wanting any more now) and the longer-term effects (i.e., deciding not to start eating) linked to oral sweet-taste-suppressing compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Rayo-Morales
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Department of Psychobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, 18010, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Segura-Carretero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Isabel Borras-Linares
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - David Garcia-Burgos
- Department of Psychobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, 18010, Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu S, Zhang L, Li S. Advances in nutritional supplementation for sarcopenia management. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1189522. [PMID: 37492597 PMCID: PMC10365293 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1189522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a syndrome characterized by a decline in muscular mass, strength, and function with advancing age. The risk of falls, fragility, hospitalization, and death is considerably increased in the senior population due to sarcopenia. Although there is no conclusive evidence for drug treatment, resistance training has been unanimously recognized as a first-line treatment for managing sarcopenia, and numerous studies have also pointed to the combination of nutritional supplementation and resistance training as a more effective intervention to improve quality of life for people with sarcopenia. People with both malnutrition and sarcopenia have a higher mortality rate, so identifying people at risk of malnutrition and intervening early is extremely important to avoid sarcopenia and its associated problems. This article provides important information for dietary interventions in sarcopenia by summarizing the discoveries and developments of nutritional supplements such as protein, leucine, β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyric acid, vitamin D, vitamin C, vitamin E, omega-3 fatty acids, creatine, inorganic nitrate, probiotics, minerals, collagen peptides, and polyphenols in the management of sarcopenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simin Liu
- General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuangqing Li
- General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Multimorbidity Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Volpe-Fix AR, de França E, Silvestre JC, Thomatieli-Santos RV. The Use of Some Polyphenols in the Modulation of Muscle Damage and Inflammation Induced by Physical Exercise: A Review. Foods 2023; 12:foods12050916. [PMID: 36900433 PMCID: PMC10001084 DOI: 10.3390/foods12050916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Food bioactive compounds (FBC) comprise a vast class of substances, including polyphenols, with different chemical structures, and they exert physiological effects on individuals who consume them, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action. The primary food sources of the compounds are fruits, vegetables, wines, teas, seasonings, and spices, and there are still no daily recommendations for their intake. Depending on the intensity and volume, physical exercise can stimulate oxidative stress and muscle inflammation to generate muscle recovery. However, little is known about the role that polyphenols may have in the process of injury, inflammation, and muscle regeneration. This review aimed to relate the effects of supplementation with mentation with some polyphenols in oxidative stress and post-exercise inflammatory markers. The consulted papers suggest that supplementation with 74 to 900 mg of cocoa, 250 to 1000 mg of green tea extract for around 4 weeks, and 90 mg for up to 5 days of curcumin can attenuate cell damage and inflammation of stress markers of oxidative stress during and after exercise. However, regarding anthocyanins, quercetins, and resveratrol, the results are conflicting. Based on these findings, the new reflection that was made is the possible impact of supplementation associating several FBCs simultaneously. Finally, the benefits discussed here do not consider the existing divergences in the literature. Some contradictions are inherent in the few studies carried out so far. Methodological limitations, such as supplementation time, doses used, forms of supplementation, different exercise protocols, and collection times, create barriers to knowledge consolidation and must be overcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elias de França
- Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-070, Brazil
| | - Jean Carlos Silvestre
- Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-070, Brazil
- Campus Rosinha Viegas, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos 11045-002, Brazil
- Center for Applied Social Sciences, Universidade Católica de Santos, Santos 11015-002, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Vagner Thomatieli-Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-070, Brazil
- Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-070, Brazil
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Optimal stimulation of Citrus reticulate for bioenergy extraction in MFCs and antioxidant activity via traditional Chinese medicine processing methods. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2023.104690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
12
|
Dwyer JT. Have safety and efficacy assessments of bioactives come of age? Mol Aspects Med 2023; 89:101103. [PMID: 35853784 PMCID: PMC9841065 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This article describes why the safety and efficacy assessment of non-nutrient bioactives for reducing chronic disease risk is so complicated, especially for dietary supplements and traditional medicines. Scientists, regulators, and the public have different and sometimes opposing perspectives about bioactives. Drug, food, and traditional medicine models used for bioactive safety assessment are based on different assumptions and use different processes. Efficacy assessment is seldom based on clinical trials of boactives' effects in reducing chronic disease risk. It usually consists of application of quality assurance measures and evaluation of label claims and commercial speech about ingredients or products to ensure conformity to regulations. Harmonization of safety and efficacy assessment on a global basis is difficult because of differences within and between regulatory systems. The recommendations provided may open the way for bioactives to play a larger health role in the future, fill gaps in data needed for crafting authoritative dietary guidance on intakes, and speed harmonization of global standards.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna T Dwyer
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, 6705 Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Erdman JW. Health and nutrition beyond essential nutrients: The evolution of the bioactives concept for human health. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 89:101116. [PMID: 35965134 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Our food supply contains a range of essential and non-essential food components. There are substantial epidemiologic findings and additional clinical data to support the health benefits for some non-essential food components - these compounds are often referred to as bioactives. While there is a well-established process in place to make science-based dietary recommendations for essential nutrients, this is not the case for bioactive food components. This manuscript reviews the evolution of the RDAs and the transition to a DRI framework for establishing requirements for essential nutrients. Then, the potential of development of public health recommendations for bioactives will be explored and the benefits and challenges of making recommendations will be presented. The scientific support for case studies for lutein and flavan-3-ols, will be made. Finally, suggestions for frameworks that might be considered by authoritative policy-making bodies when evaluating the efficacy and safely of proposed bioactives will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John W Erdman
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, 455 Bevier Hall, 905 S. Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Curcumin Attenuates Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness and Muscle Function Deficits Following a Soccer Match in Male Professional Soccer Players. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2023; 18:347-353. [PMID: 36780901 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2022-0283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the effects of acute curcumin (CURC) supplementation on recovery from a soccer match in male professional players. METHODS In a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover design, 11 players from the under-23 team of an English Premier League club (age 19 [1] y, body mass 79.4 [7.9] kg, height 180.8 [5.7] cm) consumed 500 mg of CURC or a control (medium-chain triglycerides) immediately and 12 and 36 hours after a 90-minute match. Countermovement jump height (CMJ), reactive strength index (RSI), delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS, 0-200 mm), and subjective well-being were measured before and 12, 36, and 60 hours postmatch. Global positioning systems measured external load during matches, and dietary intake was recorded across the testing period. RESULTS External load and dietary intake did not differ between conditions (P ≥ .246). CURC attenuated deficits in CMJ (P ≤ .004) and RSI (P ≤ .001) and reduced DOMS (P ≤ .004) at all postmatch time points (except 60 h post for RSI). The greatest difference between control and CURC was 12 hours post for CMJ (P < .001, 1.91 [4.40] cm, 95% CI, 1.25 to 2.57, g = 0.36) and RSI (P = .003, 0.40 [0.41] AU, 95% CI, 0.17 to 0.63, g = 0.90) and 36 hours post for DOMS (P < .001, 47 [23] mm, 95% CI, -67 to -27, g = 2.12). CONCLUSIONS CURC intake <36 hours after a soccer match attenuated DOMS and muscle function deficits, suggesting that CURC may aid recovery in professional male soccer players.
Collapse
|
15
|
Balcázar-Zumaeta CR, Castro-Alayo EM, Medina-Mendoza M, Muñoz-Astecker LD, Torrejón-Valqui L, Rodriguez-Perez RJ, Rojas-Ocampo E, Cayo-Colca IS. Physical and Chemical Properties of 70% Cocoa Dark Chocolate Mixed with Freeze-Dried Arazá ( Eugenia stipitata) Pulp. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2022; 27:474-482. [PMID: 36721755 PMCID: PMC9843710 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2022.27.4.474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to determine the chemical and physical properties of 70% dark cocoa chocolate, including freeze-dried Arazá (Eugenia stipitata) pulp (FDAP). We studied chocolates incorporating three FDAP concentrations (1.0, 1.5, and 2.0%). No statistical differences were found in total polyphenol content, antioxidant capacity, and total catechin and epicatechin content. The dark chocolates' moisture and texture were unaffected by the FDAP. The Casson yield stress increased to 19.67±1.35 Pa, while the Casson plastic viscosity reduced to 1.68±0.03 Pa·s, Also, the particle size increased. The dark chocolates' flow behavior corresponded to a non-Newtonian fluid. Finally, the dark chocolate's properties were unaffected by a 2% FDAP concentration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- César R. Balcázar-Zumaeta
- Instituto de Investigación, Innovación y Desarrollo para el Sector Agrario y Agroindustrial de la Región Amazonas (IIDAA), Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, Amazonas 01001, Perú,
Correspondence to César R. Balcázar-Zumaeta, E-mail:
| | - Efraín M. Castro-Alayo
- Instituto de Investigación, Innovación y Desarrollo para el Sector Agrario y Agroindustrial de la Región Amazonas (IIDAA), Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, Amazonas 01001, Perú
| | - Marleni Medina-Mendoza
- Instituto de Investigación, Innovación y Desarrollo para el Sector Agrario y Agroindustrial de la Región Amazonas (IIDAA), Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, Amazonas 01001, Perú
| | - Lucas D. Muñoz-Astecker
- Instituto de Investigación, Innovación y Desarrollo para el Sector Agrario y Agroindustrial de la Región Amazonas (IIDAA), Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, Amazonas 01001, Perú
| | - Llisela Torrejón-Valqui
- Instituto de Investigación, Innovación y Desarrollo para el Sector Agrario y Agroindustrial de la Región Amazonas (IIDAA), Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, Amazonas 01001, Perú
| | - Roxana J. Rodriguez-Perez
- Instituto de Investigación, Innovación y Desarrollo para el Sector Agrario y Agroindustrial de la Región Amazonas (IIDAA), Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, Amazonas 01001, Perú
| | - Elizabeth Rojas-Ocampo
- Instituto de Investigación, Innovación y Desarrollo para el Sector Agrario y Agroindustrial de la Región Amazonas (IIDAA), Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, Amazonas 01001, Perú
| | - Ilse S. Cayo-Colca
- Facultad de Ingeniería Zootecnista, Agronegocios y Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, Amazonas 01001, Perú
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pandey SN, Singh G, Semwal BC, Gupta G, Alharbi KS, Almalki WH, Albratty M, Najmi A, Meraya AM. Therapeutic approaches of nutraceuticals in the prevention of Alzheimer's disease. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14426. [PMID: 36169224 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurological illness that causes memory loss over time. Currently, available pharmaceutical medicines and products are limited, and they have side effects at a higher price. Researchers and scientists have observed significant effects of nutraceuticals. Various preclinical and clinical studies were investigated for the Anti-Alzheimer's activity of nutraceuticals. The increasing ability of the pathogenesis of AD has led to the analysis of novel therapeutic targets, including the pathophysiological mechanisms and distinct cascades. So, current improvement will show the most adequate and prominent nutraceuticals and suggested concise mechanisms involving autophagy regulation, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, mitochondrial homeostasis, and others. The effects of nutraceuticals cannot be ignored; it is important to investigate high-quality clinical trials. Given the potential of nutraceuticals to battle AD as multi-targeted therapies, it's vital to evaluate them as viable lead compounds for drug discovery and development. To the best of the authors 'knowledge, modification of blood-brain barrier permeability, bioavailability, and aspects of randomized clinical trials should be considered in prospective investigations. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Advancements in molecular diagnostic and fundamentals have implemented particular usefulness for drug evaluation. An excess of experimental knowledge occurs regarding the effect of nutraceuticals on AD. There are various preclinical and clinical studies that have been done on nutraceuticals. In addition, various substitute inhibit and enhance some pathophysiological levels associated with AD. Nutraceuticals are easily available and have fewer side effects with cost-effective advantages. However, further investigations and clinical trials are required to encourage its effect on disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Surya Nath Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology, University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, UP, India
| | - Gurfateh Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Bhupesh Chander Semwal
- Division of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, India.,Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India.,Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Khalid Saad Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Albratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asim Najmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkarim M Meraya
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Visvanathan R, Williamson G. Review of factors affecting citrus polyphenol bioavailability and their importance in designing in vitro, animal, and intervention studies. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:4509-4545. [PMID: 36183163 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Evidence from in vitro, animal, and human studies links citrus fruit consumption with several health-promoting effects. However, many in vitro studies disregard bioavailability data, a key factor determining responses in humans. Citrus (poly)phenol metabolism and bioavailability follow specific pathways that vary widely among individuals and are affected by several intrinsic (age, sex, gut microbiota, metabolic state, genetic polymorphisms) and extrinsic (food matrix, co-consumed food, (poly)phenol solubility, dose, food processing, lifestyle) factors. The gut microbiota is crucial to both absorption of citrus (poly)phenols and the production of catabolites, and absorption of both takes place mostly in the colon. Citrus (poly)phenol absorption can reach up to 100% in some individuals when the sum of the gut microbiota products are taken into account. This review emphasizes the importance of understanding citrus (poly)phenol absorption, metabolism, and bioavailability using evidence primarily derived from human studies in designing in vitro, animal, and further human clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rizliya Visvanathan
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC, Australia
| | - Gary Williamson
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Williamson G. Effects of Polyphenols on Glucose-Induced Metabolic Changes in Healthy Human Subjects and on Glucose Transporters. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2101113. [PMID: 35315210 PMCID: PMC9788283 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202101113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Dietary polyphenols interact with glucose transporters in the small intestine and modulate glucose uptake after food or beverage consumption. This review assesses the transporter interaction in vitro and how this translates to an effect in healthy volunteers consuming glucose. As examples, the apple polyphenol phlorizin inhibits sodium-glucose linked transporter-1; in the intestinal lumen, it is converted to phloretin, a strong inhibitor of glucose transporter-2 (GLUT2), by the brush border digestive enzyme lactase. Consequently, an apple extract rich in phlorizin attenuates blood glucose and insulin in healthy volunteers after a glucose challenge. On the other hand, the olive phenolic, oleuropein, inhibits GLUT2, but the strength of the inhibition is not enough to modulate blood glucose after a glucose challenge in healthy volunteers. Multiple metabolic effects and oxidative stresses after glucose consumption include insulin, incretin hormones, fatty acids, amino acids, and protein markers. However, apart from acute postprandial effects on glucose, insulin, and some incretin hormones, very little is known about the acute effects of polyphenols on these glucose-induced secondary effects. In summary, attenuation of the effect of a glucose challenge in vivo is only observed when polyphenols are strong inhibitors of glucose transporters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gary Williamson
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health SciencesMonash UniversityBASE Facility, 264 Ferntree Gully RoadNotting HillVIC 3168Australia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kasapoğlu KN, Demircan E, Gültekin-Özgüven M, Kruger J, Frank J, Arslaner A, Özçelik B. Recovery of Polyphenols Using Pressurized Hot Water Extraction (PHWE) from Black Rosehip Followed by Encapsulation for Increased Bioaccessibility and Antioxidant Activity. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27206807. [PMID: 36296399 PMCID: PMC9610414 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) of hydrophilic polyphenols from black rosehip fruit was maximized using response surface methodology for simultaneous optimization in terms of extraction yield, total antioxidant capacity, total (poly)phenols, catechin, total monomeric anthocyanins, and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside. Extraction parameters, including temperature (X1: 40–80 °C) and the solvent-to-solid ratio (X2: 10–40 mL/g), were investigated as independent variables. Experimentally obtained values were fitted to a second-order polynomial model, and optimal conditions were determined using multiple regression analysis and analysis of variance. The black rosehip extract (BRE) obtained at optimized PHWE conditions was further encapsulated in biopolymer-coated liposomes and spray dried to enhance its processing and digestive stability. After reconstitution, the fabricated particles had an average size of 247–380 nm and a zeta-potential of 15–45 mV. Moreover, encapsulation provided remarkable protection of the phenolics under in vitro gastrointestinal digestion conditions, resulting in up to a 5.6-fold more phenolics in the bioaccessible fraction, which also had 2.9–8.6-fold higher antioxidant activity compared to the nonencapsulated BRE. In conclusion, PHWE in combination with a biopolymer coating is a potent method for the production of stable and safe edible natural extracts for the delivery of (poly)phenolic compounds in food and dietary supplements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kadriye Nur Kasapoğlu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Evren Demircan
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mine Gültekin-Özgüven
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Johanita Kruger
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 28, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jan Frank
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 28, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ayla Arslaner
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bayburt University, 69000 Bayburt, Turkey
| | - Beraat Özçelik
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Development of a Fermented Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia)–Grape Beverage Using Optimized Conditions. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8090439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bitter gourd beverages are well acclaimed for their health benefits, which have propelled their consumption. The beverages are prepared through a fermentation process, which is one of the oldest means of preserving and enhancing the flavour of many foods. Optimized conditions for the fermentation of a bitter gourd–grape beverage were investigated in our previous study. In the present study, a statistical comparison (one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey’s honestly significant difference (HSD) test and an independent t-test)) of grape juice, bitter gourd juice and the fermented bitter gourd–grape beverage (with and without enzymes) was carried out to find significant differences among the products. Alcohol was found to be consistent for the four products with p > 0.05, whereas significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) in the pH, antioxidant activity (ferric reducing antioxidant assay (FRAP), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azinobis (3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS)), total titratable acidity (TTA), total soluble solids (TSS), total flavonoid content (TFC) and total phenolic content (TPC) were observed. The fermented bitter gourd–grape beverage (FBGGB) with enzymes had the highest antidiabetic potential content (27.07). The data obtained demonstrate that fermentation indeed enhances the biochemical function of vegetables (in this case, bitter gourd) and could thus be considered for the commercial processing of bitter gourd.
Collapse
|
21
|
Clifford MN, Kuhnert N. LC-MS Characterization and Quantification of Known and Unknown (Poly)phenol Metabolites-Possible Pitfalls and Their Avoidance. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2101013. [PMID: 35489085 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202101013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the LC-MS characterization and quantification of dietary (poly)phenols and their metabolites. It draws attention to errors, omissions, and misunderstandings that appear frequently in published papers, and suggests strategies for their avoidance. Aspects covered include the use of authentic standards and surrogate reference materials, the importance of collecting and archiving Total Ion Current MS data, the limitations of using on-line compilations of accurate mass MS data to assign unknown components when multiple isomers are possible, and the often understated magnitude of person-to-person variation that may significantly impact at population level any potential health benefit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael N Clifford
- School of Bioscience and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK.,Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Notting Hill, Victoria, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Nikolai Kuhnert
- Department of Life Sciences and Health, Jacobs University, Bremen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
The Role of Nutraceuticals and Phytonutrients in Chickens’ Gastrointestinal Diseases. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12070892. [PMID: 35405880 PMCID: PMC8997120 DOI: 10.3390/ani12070892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The use of nutraceuticals and phytonutrients in poultry nutrition has been extensively explored over the past decade. The interest in these substances is linked to the search for natural compounds that can be effectively used to prevent and treat some of the main diseases of the chicken. The serious problem of antibiotic resistance and the consequent legislative constraints on their use required the search for alternatives. The purpose of this review is to describe the current status of the effects of some substances, such as probiotics and prebiotics, organic acids, vitamins and phytogenic feed additives, focusing specifically on studies concerning the prevention and treatment of four main gastrointestinal diseases in chicken: salmonellosis, necrotic enteritis (caused by Clostridium perfringens), campylobacteriosis, and coccidiosis. A brief description of these diseases and the effects of the main bioactive principles of the nutraceutical or phytonutrient groups will be provided. Although there are conflicting results, some works show very promising effects, with a reduction in the bacterial or protozoan load following treatment. Further studies are needed to verify the real effectiveness of these compounds and make them applicable in the field. Abstract In poultry, severe gastrointestinal diseases are caused by bacteria and coccidia, with important economic losses in the poultry industry and requirement of treatments which, for years, were based on the use of antibiotics and chemotherapies. Furthermore, Salmonella spp., Clostridium perfringens, and Campylobacter jejuni can cause serious foodborne diseases in people, resulting from consumption of poultry meat, eggs, and derived products. With the spread of antibiotic resistance, which affects both animals and humans, the restriction of antibiotic use in livestock production and the identification of a list of “critically important antimicrobials” became necessary. For this reason, researchers focused on natural compounds and effective alternatives to prevent gastrointestinal disease in poultry. This review summarizes the results of several studies published in the last decade, describing the use of different nutraceutical or phytonutrients in poultry industry. The results of the use of these products are not always encouraging. While some of the alternatives have proven to be very promising, further studies will be needed to verify the efficacy and practical applicability of other compounds.
Collapse
|
23
|
Caseiro C, Dias JNR, de Andrade Fontes CMG, Bule P. From Cancer Therapy to Winemaking: The Molecular Structure and Applications of β-Glucans and β-1, 3-Glucanases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063156. [PMID: 35328577 PMCID: PMC8949617 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
β-glucans are a diverse group of polysaccharides composed of β-1,3 or β-(1,3-1,4) linked glucose monomers. They are mainly synthesized by fungi, plants, seaweed and bacteria, where they carry out structural, protective and energy storage roles. Because of their unique physicochemical properties, they have important applications in several industrial, biomedical and biotechnological processes. β-glucans are also major bioactive molecules with marked immunomodulatory and metabolic properties. As such, they have been the focus of many studies attesting to their ability to, among other roles, fight cancer, reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases and control diabetes. The physicochemical and functional profiles of β-glucans are deeply influenced by their molecular structure. This structure governs β-glucan interaction with multiple β-glucan binding proteins, triggering myriad biological responses. It is then imperative to understand the structural properties of β-glucans to fully reveal their biological roles and potential applications. The deconstruction of β-glucans is a result of β-glucanase activity. In addition to being invaluable tools for the study of β-glucans, these enzymes have applications in numerous biotechnological and industrial processes, both alone and in conjunction with their natural substrates. Here, we review potential applications for β-glucans and β-glucanases, and explore how their functionalities are dictated by their structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Caseiro
- CIISA—Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal; (C.C.); (J.N.R.D.)
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana Nunes Ribeiro Dias
- CIISA—Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal; (C.C.); (J.N.R.D.)
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Pedro Bule
- CIISA—Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal; (C.C.); (J.N.R.D.)
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Therapeutic Influence on Important Targets Associated with Chronic Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13236062. [PMID: 34885171 PMCID: PMC8657135 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13236062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary There is no doubt that the need for new effective methods of cancer treatment remains challenging, as cancer is the second cause of death based on the number of cases in the world. In this review, we investigated the role of one of the leading determinants in the development and progression of various types of cancer—oxidative stress and inflammation, as well as clinical and experimental data from the studies of promising drugs of natural origin, such as flavonoids, that target these stages of oncogenesis. This can all help in the expansion and systematization of the existing knowledge regarding the fight against cancer, the facilitation of the development of effective anti-cancer drugs, and the progression of research in this field, in order to improve the treatment of these disorders. Abstract Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress are the interconnected pathological processes, which lead to cancer initiation and progression. The growing level of oxidative and inflammatory damage was shown to increase cancer severity and contribute to tumor spread. The overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is associated with the reduced capacity of the endogenous cell defense mechanisms and/or metabolic imbalance, is the main contributor to oxidative stress. An abnormal level of ROS was defined as a predisposing factor for the cell transformation that could trigger pro-oncogenic signaling pathways, induce changes in gene expression, and facilitate accumulation of mutations, DNA damage, and genomic instability. Additionally, the activation of transcription factors caused by a prolonged oxidative stress, including NF-κB, p53, HIF1α, etc., leads to the expression of several genes responsible for inflammation. The resulting hyperactivation of inflammatory mediators, including TNFα, TGF-β, interleukins, and prostaglandins can contribute to the development of neoplasia. Pro-inflammatory cytokines were shown to trigger adaptive reactions and the acquisition of resistance by tumor cells to apoptosis, while promoting proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis. Moreover, the chronic inflammatory response leads to the excessive production of free radicals, which further aggravate the initiated reactions. This review summarizes the recent data and progress in the discovery of mechanisms that associate oxidative stress and chronic inflammation with cancer onset and metastasis. In addition, the review provides insights for the development of therapeutic approaches and the discovery of natural substances that will be able to simultaneously inhibit several key oncological and inflammation-related targets.
Collapse
|
25
|
Seigler DS, Friesen JB, Bisson J, Graham JG, Bedran-Russo A, McAlpine JB, Pauli GF. Do Certain Flavonoid IMPS Have a Vital Function? Front Nutr 2021; 8:762753. [PMID: 34926546 PMCID: PMC8672243 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.762753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are a vast group of metabolites that are essential for vascular plant physiology and, thus, occur ubiquitously in plant-based/-derived foods. The solitary designation of thousands of known flavonoids hides the fact that their metabolomes are structurally highly diverse, consist of disparate subgroups, yet undergo a certain degree of metabolic interconversion. Unsurprisingly, flavonoids have been an important theme in nutrition research. Already in the 1930s, it was discovered that the ability of synthetic Vitamin C to treat scurvy was inferior to that of plant extracts containing Vitamin C. Subsequent experimental evidence led to the proposal of Vitamin P (permeability) as an essential phytochemical nutrient. However, attempts to isolate and characterize Vitamin P gave confusing and sometimes irreproducible results, which today can be interpreted as rooted in the unrecognized (residual) complexity of the intervention materials. Over the years, primarily flavonoids (and some coumarins) were known as having Vitamin P-like activity. More recently, in a NAPRALERT meta-analysis, essentially all of these Vitamin P candidates were identified as IMPs (Invalid/Improbable/Interfering Metabolic Panaceas). While the historic inability to define a single compound and specific mode of action led to general skepticism about the Vitamin P proposition for "bioflavonoids," the more logical conclusion is that several abundant and metabolically labile plant constituents fill this essential role in human nutrition at the interface of vitamins, cofactors, and micronutrients. Reviewing 100+ years of the multilingual Vitamin P and C literature provides the rationales for this conclusion and new perspectives for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David S. Seigler
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - J. Brent Friesen
- Center for Natural Products Technologies, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Pharmacognosy Institute, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Physical Sciences Department, Dominican University, River Forest, IL, United States
| | - Jonathan Bisson
- Center for Natural Products Technologies, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Pharmacognosy Institute, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - James G. Graham
- Center for Natural Products Technologies, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Pharmacognosy Institute, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ana Bedran-Russo
- Pharmacognosy Institute, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - James B. McAlpine
- Center for Natural Products Technologies, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Pharmacognosy Institute, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Guido F. Pauli
- Center for Natural Products Technologies, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Pharmacognosy Institute, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sánchez-Martínez L, Periago MJ, García-Alonso J, García-Conesa MT, González-Barrio R. A Systematic Review of the Cardiometabolic Benefits of Plant Products Containing Mixed Phenolics and Polyphenols in Postmenopausal Women: Insufficient Evidence for Recommendations to This Specific Population. Nutrients 2021; 13:4276. [PMID: 34959828 PMCID: PMC8707028 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Menopause is characterized by endocrine and physiological changes and is often accompanied by increased body weight and cholesterol, glucose intolerance, and/or hypertension. These alterations are associated with increased risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) that may be moderate by dietary plant phenolic compounds. In this review, we examine the current evidence of the impact of a variety of plant products (foods, extracts, beverages) rich in a mixture of phenolics and polyphenols on: (i) glucose and insulin levels; (ii) lipid profile; (iii) blood pressure; and (iv) biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in postmenopausal women. We critically evaluate both the results of a range of intervention studies conducted in this specific subpopulation and the level of evidence supporting the benefits of consuming those products after the menopause. Overall, the current available evidence does not allow for specific dietary recommendations of these plant products rich in phenolics and polyphenols in this high-risk subpopulation. Our data show rather variable and small effects of the different products examined on the cardiometabolic biomarkers and further support the need to: (1) improve the quality of the study designs and data reporting; and (2) understand the variability in the response of the different biomarkers and establish clear differences between healthy and cardiometabolic disease levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Sánchez-Martínez
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence ‘Campus Mare Nostrum’, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University Clinical Hospital ‘Virgen de la Arrixaca’, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (L.S.-M.); (M.-J.P.); (J.G.-A.)
| | - María-Jesús Periago
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence ‘Campus Mare Nostrum’, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University Clinical Hospital ‘Virgen de la Arrixaca’, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (L.S.-M.); (M.-J.P.); (J.G.-A.)
| | - Javier García-Alonso
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence ‘Campus Mare Nostrum’, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University Clinical Hospital ‘Virgen de la Arrixaca’, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (L.S.-M.); (M.-J.P.); (J.G.-A.)
| | - María-Teresa García-Conesa
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus de Espinardo, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Rocío González-Barrio
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence ‘Campus Mare Nostrum’, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University Clinical Hospital ‘Virgen de la Arrixaca’, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (L.S.-M.); (M.-J.P.); (J.G.-A.)
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Tamer F, Tullemans B, Kuijpers M, Claushuis D, Heemskerk JW. Nutrition phytochemicals affecting platelet signaling and responsiveness: implications for thrombosis and hemostasis. Thromb Haemost 2021; 122:879-894. [PMID: 34715717 DOI: 10.1055/a-1683-5599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease, in particular due to arterial thrombosis, is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity, with crucial roles of platelets in thrombus formation. For multiple plant-derived phytochemicals found in common dietary components, claims have been made regarding cardiovascular health and antiplatelet activities. Here we present a systematic overview of the published effects of common phytochemicals, applied in vitro or in nutritional intervention studies, on agonist-induced platelet activation properties and platelet signaling pathways. Comparing the phytochemical effects per structural class, we included general phenols: curcuminoids (e.g., curcumin), lignans (honokiol, silybin), phenolic acids (caffeic and chlorogenic acid), derivatives of these (shikimic acid) and stilbenoids (isorhapontigenin, resveratrol). Furthermore, we evaluated the flavonoid polyphenols, including anthocyanidins (delphinidin, malvidin), flavan-3-ols (catechins), flavanones (hesperidin), flavones (apigenin, nobiletin), flavonols (kaempferol, myricetin, quercetin), isoflavones (daidzein, genistein); and terpenoids including carotenes and limonene; and finally miscellaneous compounds like betalains, indoles, organosulfides (diallyl trisulfide) and phytosterols. We furthermore discuss the implications for selected phytochemicals to interfere in thrombosis and hemostasis, indicating their possible clinical relevance. Lastly, we provide guidance on which compounds are of interest for further platelet-related research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Funda Tamer
- Biochemistry, Maastricht University Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bibian Tullemans
- Biochemistry, Maastricht University Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Marijke Kuijpers
- Biochemistry, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Thrombosis Expertise Centre, Heart and Vascular Centre, Maastricht Universitair Medisch Centrum+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | - Johan Wm Heemskerk
- Biochemistry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Synapse Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Beltzig L, Frumkina A, Schwarzenbach C, Kaina B. Cytotoxic, Genotoxic and Senolytic Potential of Native and Micellar Curcumin. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072385. [PMID: 34371895 PMCID: PMC8308652 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Curcumin, a natural polyphenol and the principal bioactive compound in Curcuma longa, was reported to have anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic and anti-rheumatic activity. Curcumin is not only considered for preventive, but also for therapeutic, purposes in cancer therapy, which requires a killing effect on cancer cells. A drawback, however, is the low bioavailability of curcumin due to its insolubility in water. To circumvent this limitation, curcumin was administered in different water-soluble formulations, including liposomes or embedded into nanoscaled micelles. The high uptake rate of micellar curcumin makes it attractive also for cancer therapeutic strategies. Native curcumin solubilised in organic solvent was previously shown to be cytotoxic and bears a genotoxic potential. Corresponding studies with micellar curcumin are lacking. METHODS We compared the cytotoxic and genotoxic activity of native curcumin solubilised in ethanol (Cur-E) with curcumin embedded in micells (Cur-M). We measured cell death by MTT assays, apoptosis, necrosis by flow cytometry, senolysis by MTT and C12FDG and genotoxicity by FPG-alkaline and neutral singe-cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay). RESULTS Using a variety of primary and established cell lines, we show that Cur-E and Cur-M reduce the viability in all cell types in the same dose range. Cur-E and Cur-M induced dose-dependently apoptosis, but did not exhibit senolytic activity. In the cytotoxic dose range, Cur-E and Cur-M were positive in the alkaline and the neutral comet assay. Genotoxic effects vanished upon removal of curcumin, indicating efficient and complete repair of DNA damage. For inducing cell death, which was measured 48 h after the onset of treatment, permanent exposure was required while 60 min pulse-treatment was ineffective. In all assays, Cur-E and Cur-M were equally active, and the concentration above which significant cytotoxic and genotoxic effects were observed was 10 µM. Micelles not containing curcumin were completely inactive. CONCLUSIONS The data show that micellar curcumin has the same cytotoxicity and genotoxicity profile as native curcumin. The effective concentration on different cell lines, including primary cells, was far above the curcumin concentration that can be achieved systemically in vivo, which leads us to conclude that native curcumin and curcumin administered as food supplement in a micellar formulation at the ADI level are not cytotoxic/genotoxic, indicating a wide margin of safety.
Collapse
|
29
|
Frank J, Kisters K, Stirban OA, Obeid R, Lorkowski S, Wallert M, Egert S, Podszun MC, Eckert GP, Pettersen JA, Venturelli S, Classen HG, Golombek J. The role of biofactors in the prevention and treatment of age-related diseases. Biofactors 2021; 47:522-550. [PMID: 33772908 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The present demographic changes toward an aging society caused a rise in the number of senior citizens and the incidence and burden of age-related diseases (such as cardiovascular diseases [CVD], cancer, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease [NAFLD], diabetes mellitus, and dementia), of which nearly half is attributable to the population ≥60 years of age. Deficiencies in individual nutrients have been associated with increased risks for age-related diseases and high intakes and/or blood concentrations with risk reduction. Nutrition in general and the dietary intake of essential and nonessential biofactors is a major determinant of human health, the risk to develop age-related diseases, and ultimately of mortality in the older population. These biofactors can be a cost-effective strategy to prevent or, in some cases, even treat age-related diseases. Examples reviewed herein include omega-3 fatty acids and dietary fiber for the prevention of CVD, α-tocopherol (vitamin E) for the treatment of biopsy-proven nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, vitamin D for the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases, thiamine and α-lipoic acid for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy, and the role of folate in cancer epigenetics. This list of potentially helpful biofactors in the prevention and treatment of age-related diseases, however, is not exhaustive and many more examples exist. Furthermore, since there is currently no generally accepted definition of the term biofactors, we here propose a definition that, when adopted by scientists, will enable a harmonization and consistent use of the term in the scientific literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Frank
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Klaus Kisters
- Medical Clinic I, St. Anna-Hospital & ESH Excellence Centre, Herne, Germany
| | | | - Rima Obeid
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Stefan Lorkowski
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maria Wallert
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sarah Egert
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Maren C Podszun
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Gunter P Eckert
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Laboratory for Nutrition in Prevention and Therapy, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jacqueline A Pettersen
- Northern Medical Program, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Sascha Venturelli
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Classen
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Talebi M, Kakouri E, Talebi M, Tarantilis PA, Farkhondeh T, İlgün S, Pourbagher-Shahri AM, Samarghandian S. Nutraceuticals-based therapeutic approach: recent advances to combat pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Expert Rev Neurother 2021; 21:625-642. [PMID: 33910446 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2021.1923479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease accompanying memory deficits. The available pharmaceutical care has some limitations mostly entailing side effects, shelf-life, and patient's compliance. The momentous implications of nutraceuticals in AD have attracted scientists. Several preclinical studies for the investigation of nutraceuticals have been conducted.Areas covered: This review focuses on the potential use of a nutraceuticals-based therapeutic approach to treat and prevent AD. Increasing knowledge of AD pathogenesis has led to the discovery of new therapeutic targets including pathophysiological mechanisms and various cascades. Hence, the present contribution will attend to the most popular and effective nutraceuticals with proposed brief mechanisms entailing antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, autophagy regulation, mitochondrial homeostasis, and more. Therefore, even though the effectiveness of nutraceuticals cannot be dismissed, it is essential to do further high-quality randomized clinical trials.Expert opinion: According to the potential of nutraceuticals to combat AD as multi-target directed drugs, there is critical importance to assess them as feasible lead compounds for drug discovery and development. To the best of the authors' knowledge, modification of blood-brain barrier permeability, bioavailability, and features of randomized clinical trials should be considered in prospective studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Talebi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Eleni Kakouri
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Mohsen Talebi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, United States.,Food Safety Net Services, San Antonio, Texas, United States
| | - Petros A Tarantilis
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Selen İlgün
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ali Mohammad Pourbagher-Shahri
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences (BUMS), Birjand, Iran
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Flavonoid Containing Polyphenol Consumption and Recovery from Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med 2021; 51:1293-1316. [PMID: 33687663 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01440-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flavonoid polyphenols are bioactive phytochemicals found in fruits and teas among other sources. It has been postulated that foods and supplements containing flavonoid polyphenols may enhance recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) through upregulation of cell signalling stress response pathways, particularly the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) pathway. OBJECTIVES This study aims to investigate the ability of polyphenol treatments containing flavonoids to enhance recovery of skeletal muscle strength, soreness and creatine kinase post EIMD. METHODS Medline (Pubmed), Embase and SPORTdiscus were searched from inception to August 2020 for randomised placebo-controlled trials which assessed the impact of 6 or more days of flavonoid containing polyphenol ingestion on skeletal muscle recovery in the 96-h period following a single bout of EIMD. A total of 2983 studies were screened in duplicate resulting in 26 studies included for analysis. All meta-analyses were undertaken using a random-effects model. RESULTS The pooled results of these meta-analyses show flavonoid polyphenol treatments can enhance recovery of muscle strength by 7.14% (95% CI [5.50-8.78], P < 0.00001) and reduce muscle soreness by 4.12% (95% CI [- 5.82 to - 2.41] P = 0.00001), no change in the recovery of creatine kinase concentrations was observed. CONCLUSION These results indicate that ingestion of polyphenol treatments which contain flavonoids has significant potential to improve recovery of muscular strength and reduce muscle soreness in the 4-day period post EIMD. However, the characterisation of polyphenol dosage and composition of study treatments should be prioritised in future research to facilitate the development of specific guidelines for the inclusion of flavonoid-rich foods in the diet of athletes and active individuals.
Collapse
|
32
|
Pontifex MG, Malik MMAH, Connell E, Müller M, Vauzour D. Citrus Polyphenols in Brain Health and Disease: Current Perspectives. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:640648. [PMID: 33679318 PMCID: PMC7933480 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.640648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to essential micronutrients such as vitamin C, citrus fruits represent a considerably rich source of non-essential bioactive compounds, in particular flavanones which form a sub-set of the flavonoid group. Preclinical studies have demonstrated the neuroprotective potential of citrus flavonoids and have highlighted both the well-established (anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties), and newly emerging (influence upon blood-brain barrier function/integrity) mechanistic actions by which these neurological effects are mediated. Encouragingly, results from human studies, although limited in number, appear to support this preclinical basis, with improvements in cognitive performance and disease risk observed across healthy and disease states. Therefore, citrus fruits - both as whole fruit and 100% juices - should be encouraged within the diet for their potential neurological benefit. In addition, there should be further exploration of citrus polyphenols to establish therapeutic efficacy, particularly in the context of well-designed human interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Pontifex
- Norwich Medical School, Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad M A H Malik
- Norwich Medical School, Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Connell
- Norwich Medical School, Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Müller
- Norwich Medical School, Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - David Vauzour
- Norwich Medical School, Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Pastor N, Collado MC, Manzoni P. Phytonutrient and Nutraceutical Action against COVID-19: Current Review of Characteristics and Benefits. Nutrients 2021; 13:464. [PMID: 33573173 PMCID: PMC7910826 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The trend toward using phytonutrients and/or nutraceuticals (P/Ns) with the aim of impacting immune health has increased in recent years. The main reason is that properties of P/Ns are associated with possible immunomodulating effects in the prevention and complementary treatment of viral diseases, including COVID-19 and other respiratory infections. In the present review, we assess the scientific plausibility of specific P/Ns for this purpose of preventative and therapeutic interventions against COVID-19, with an emphasis on safety, validity, and evidence of efficacy against other viruses. Five potential candidates have been identified after reviewing available studies (in silico, in vitro, and in vivo) in which certain flavonoids have demonstrated a potential for use as adjuvant therapeutic agents against viral infections, including COVID-19. As these are often better tolerated than pharmacological treatments, their use could be more widely considered if additional detailed studies can validate the existing evidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nitida Pastor
- Department of Medical Affairs, Clinical Research, Mead Johnson Nutrition, Evansville, IN 47721, USA
| | - Maria Carmen Collado
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Agustin Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain;
| | - Paolo Manzoni
- Division of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Department of Maternal, Neonatal, and Infant Medicine, Nuovo Ospedale Degli Infermi, 13875 Biella, Italy;
- Neonatology and NICU, Sant’Anna Hospital, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, 10136 Torino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Clifford T, Acton JP, Cocksedge SP, Davies KAB, Bailey SJ. The effect of dietary phytochemicals on nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation: a systematic review of human intervention trials. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:1745-1761. [PMID: 33515348 PMCID: PMC7925463 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06041-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a systematic review of human trials examining the effects of dietary phytochemicals on Nrf2 activation. In accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, Medline, Embase and CAB abstracts were searched for articles from inception until March 2020. Studies in adult humans that measured Nrf2 activation (gene or protein expression changes) following ingestion of a phytochemical, either alone or in combination were included. The study was pre-registered on the Prospero database (Registration Number: CRD42020176121). Twenty-nine full-texts were retrieved and reviewed for analysis; of these, eighteen were included in the systematic review. Most of the included participants were healthy, obese or type 2 diabetics. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Assessment tool. Twelve different compounds were examined in the included studies: curcumin, resveratrol and sulforaphane were the most common (n = 3 each). Approximately half of the studies reported increases in Nrf2 activation (n = 10); however, many were of poor quality and had an unclear or high risk of bias. There is currently limited evidence that phytochemicals activate Nrf2 in humans. Well controlled human intervention trials are needed to corroborate the findings from in vitro and animal studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Clifford
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - Jarred P Acton
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Stuart P Cocksedge
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Kelly A Bowden Davies
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, M15 6BH, UK
| | - Stephen J Bailey
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Martinez-Negrin G, Acton JP, Cocksedge SP, Bailey SJ, Clifford T. The effect of dietary (poly)phenols on exercise-induced physiological adaptations: A systematic review and meta-analysis of human intervention trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:2872-2887. [PMID: 33356471 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1860898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine whether (poly)phenol supplementation augments the physiological adaptations to exercise training. Eligible studies administered a (poly)phenol supplement alongside ≥2 weeks of supervised exercise in adult humans. After screening, 22 studies were included in the analysis. Isoflavones and green tea (poly)phenols were administered most frequently. Quality assessments suggested most studies were free from bias. (Poly)phenols had no effect on training-induced adaptations in muscle strength, peak power output, and V̇O2max, but enhanced exercise capacity (SMD: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.25 to 1.09, p < 0.01). (Poly)phenols had no overall effect on fat loss (SMD: 0.10, 95% CI: -0.10 to 0.29; p = 0.97) or lean mass gains (SMD: 0.06, 95% CI: -0.18 to 0.30, p = 0.62) but sub-analysis suggested that isoflavones increased lean mass (SMD: 0.25, 95 CI%: -0.00 to 0.50, p = 0.05). Resveratrol impaired adaptations in two studies, although this was a non-statistically significant finding (SMD: -0.54, 95% CI: -1.15 to 0.07, p = 0.08). Our results suggest that isoflavones may augment aspects of the adaptive response to exercise training, while resveratrol may compromise training adaptations. More high-quality research is needed to resolve the effects of (poly)phenols on exercise training adaptations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guille Martinez-Negrin
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Jarred P Acton
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Stuart P Cocksedge
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Stephen J Bailey
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Tom Clifford
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Jing S, Zeller WE, Ferreira D, Zhou B, Nam JW, Bedran-Russo A, Chen SN, Pauli GF. Proanthocyanidin Block Arrays (PACBAR) for Comprehensive Capture and Delineation of Proanthocyanidin Structures. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:13541-13549. [PMID: 33175506 PMCID: PMC8010997 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PACs) are near-ubiquitous and chemically complex metabolites, prototypical of higher plants. Their roles in food/feed/nutrition and ethnomedicine are widely recognized but poorly understood. With the analysis of evidence that underlies this challenge, this perspective identifies shortcomings in capturing and delineating PAC structures as key factors. While several groups have forwarded new representations, a consensus method that captures PAC structures concisely and offers high integrity for electronic storage is required to reduce confusion in this expansive field. The PAC block arrays (PACBAR) system fills this gap by providing precise and human- and machine-readable structural descriptors that capture PAC metabolomic structural diversity. PACBAR enables communication of PAC structures for the development of precise structure-activity relationships and will assist in advancing PAC research to the next level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuxi Jing
- Pharmacognosy Institute and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Wayne E Zeller
- United States Dairy Forage Research Center, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Daneel Ferreira
- National Center for Natural Products Research and Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Bin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Joo-Won Nam
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Ana Bedran-Russo
- Department of General Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233, United States
| | - Shao-Nong Chen
- Pharmacognosy Institute and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Guido F Pauli
- Pharmacognosy Institute and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Williamson G, Sheedy K. Effects of Polyphenols on Insulin Resistance. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3135. [PMID: 33066504 PMCID: PMC7602234 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is apparent when tissues responsible for clearing glucose from the blood, such as adipose and muscle, do not respond properly to appropriate signals. IR is estimated based on fasting blood glucose and insulin, but some measures also incorporate an oral glucose challenge. Certain (poly)phenols, as supplements or in foods, can improve insulin resistance by several mechanisms including lowering postprandial glucose, modulating glucose transport, affecting insulin signalling pathways, and by protecting against damage to insulin-secreting pancreatic β-cells. As shown by intervention studies on volunteers, the most promising candidates for improving insulin resistance are (-)-epicatechin, (-)-epicatechin-containing foods and anthocyanins. It is possible that quercetin and phenolic acids may also be active, but data from intervention studies are mixed. Longer term and especially dose-response studies on mildly insulin resistant participants are required to establish the extent to which (poly)phenols and (poly)phenol-rich foods may improve insulin resistance in compromised groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gary Williamson
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, BASE Facility, 264 Ferntree Gully Road, Notting Hill, VIC 3168, Australia;
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Lux PE, Freiling M, Stuetz W, von Tucher S, Carle R, Steingass CB, Frank J. (Poly)phenols, Carotenoids, and Tocochromanols in Corn ( Zea mays L.) Kernels As Affected by Phosphate Fertilization and Sowing Time. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:612-622. [PMID: 31903750 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Corn (Zea mays L.) growth and development is often limited by the availability of phosphate. We thus hypothesized that phosphate fertilization may increase the contents of (poly)phenols, carotenoids, and tocochromanols (vitamin E) in corn grains. Corn plants cultivated on a soil fertilized with 44 kg phosphorus/ha were compared to plants grown on soil with low plant-available phosphate (1.6 mg CAL-P/100 g of soil), each sown early (April) and late (May) in a randomized field experiment. HPLC-DAD-(HR)-ESI-MSn revealed 19 soluble and 10 insoluble (poly)phenols, comprising phenolic acids, phenolic amines, diferulic, and triferulic acids in corn grains. Contents of individual (poly)phenols, carotenoids, and tocochromanols in whole grains were significantly (p < 0.05) increased by sowing time, but not by phosphate fertilization. In conclusion, low phosphate availability did not impair the biosynthesis of (poly)phenols, carotenoids, and tocochromanols in corn grains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter E Lux
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Chair of Food Biofunctionality , University of Hohenheim , Garbenstrasse 28 , 70599 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Markus Freiling
- Department of Plant Sciences, Chair of Plant Nutrition , Technical University of Munich , Emil-Ramann-Strasse 2 , 85354 Freising , Germany
| | - Wolfgang Stuetz
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Chair of Food Biofunctionality , University of Hohenheim , Garbenstrasse 28 , 70599 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Sabine von Tucher
- Department of Plant Sciences, Chair of Plant Nutrition , Technical University of Munich , Emil-Ramann-Strasse 2 , 85354 Freising , Germany
| | - Reinhold Carle
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chair Plant Foodstuff Technology and Analysis , University of Hohenheim , Garbenstrasse 25 , 70599 Stuttgart , Germany
- Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science , King Abdulaziz University , P.O. Box 80257, Jeddah 21589 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Christof B Steingass
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chair Plant Foodstuff Technology and Analysis , University of Hohenheim , Garbenstrasse 25 , 70599 Stuttgart , Germany
- Department of Beverage Research, Chair Analysis & Technology of Plant-Based Foods , Geisenheim University , Von-Lade-Strasse 1 , 65366 Geisenheim , Germany
| | - Jan Frank
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Chair of Food Biofunctionality , University of Hohenheim , Garbenstrasse 28 , 70599 Stuttgart , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Clifford MN, Kerimi A, Williamson G. Bioavailability and metabolism of chlorogenic acids (acyl‐quinic acids) in humans. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:1299-1352. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael N. Clifford
- School of Bioscience and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of Surrey Guildford UK
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash HealthFaculty of Medicine Nursing and Health SciencesMonash University Notting Hill Victoria Australia
| | - Asimina Kerimi
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash HealthFaculty of Medicine Nursing and Health SciencesMonash University Notting Hill Victoria Australia
| | - Gary Williamson
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash HealthFaculty of Medicine Nursing and Health SciencesMonash University Notting Hill Victoria Australia
| |
Collapse
|