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Conley HE, Sheats MK. Targeting Neutrophil β 2-Integrins: A Review of Relevant Resources, Tools, and Methods. Biomolecules 2023; 13:892. [PMID: 37371473 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are important innate immune cells that respond during inflammation and infection. These migratory cells utilize β2-integrin cell surface receptors to move out of the vasculature into inflamed tissues and to perform various anti-inflammatory responses. Although critical for fighting off infection, neutrophil responses can also become dysregulated and contribute to disease pathophysiology. In order to limit neutrophil-mediated damage, investigators have focused on β2-integrins as potential therapeutic targets, but so far these strategies have failed in clinical trials. As the field continues to move forward, a better understanding of β2-integrin function and signaling will aid the design of future therapeutics. Here, we provide a detailed review of resources, tools, experimental methods, and in vivo models that have been and will continue to be utilized to investigate the vitally important cell surface receptors, neutrophil β2-integrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haleigh E Conley
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - M Katie Sheats
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
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2
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Poole LG, Kopec AK, Flick MJ, Luyendyk JP. Cross-linking by tissue transglutaminase-2 alters fibrinogen-directed macrophage proinflammatory activity. J Thromb Haemost 2022; 20:1182-1192. [PMID: 35158413 PMCID: PMC9035112 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The blood coagulation factor fibrin(ogen) can modulate inflammation by altering leukocyte activity. Analyses of fibrin(ogen)-mediated proinflammatory activity have largely focused on leukocyte integrin binding activity revealed by conversion of fibrinogen to a stabilized fibrin polymer by blood coagulation enzymes. In addition to coagulation enzymes, fibrinogen is a substrate for tissue transglutaminase-2 (TG2), a widely expressed enzyme that produces unique fibrinogen Aα-γ chain cross-linked products. OBJECTIVES We tested the hypothesis that TG2 dependent cross-linking alters the proinflammatory activity of surface-adhered fibrinogen. METHODS Mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were cultured on tissue culture plates coated with fibrinogen or TG2-cross-linked fibrinogen (10 µg/ml) and then stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 ng/ml) or vehicle for various times. RESULTS In the absence of LPS stimulation, TG2-cross-linked fibrin(ogen) enhanced inflammatory gene induction (e.g., Tnfα) compared with unmodified fibrinogen. LPS stimulation induced mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation, IκBα degradation, and expression of proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., tumor necrosis factor α) within 60 min. This initial cellular activation was unaffected by unmodified or TG2-cross-linked fibrinogen. In contrast, LPS induction of interleukin-10 mRNA and protein and STAT3 phosphorylation was selectively attenuated by TG2-cross-linked fibrinogen, which was associated with enhanced proinflammatory cytokine secretion by LPS-stimulated BMDMs at later time points (6 and 24 h). CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that atypical cross-linking by TG2 imparts unique proinflammatory activity to surface-adhered fibrinogen. The results suggest a novel coagulation-independent mechanism controlling fibrinogen-directed macrophage activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren G. Poole
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Anna K. Kopec
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Matthew J. Flick
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UNC Blood Research Center, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - James P. Luyendyk
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
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3
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Ede JD, Ong KJ, Mulenos MR, Pradhan S, Gibb M, Sayes CM, Shatkin JA. Physical, chemical, and toxicological characterization of sulfated cellulose nanocrystals for food-related applications using in vivo and in vitro strategies. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2021; 9:808-822. [PMID: 33447365 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfaa082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are a next-generation cellulose product with many unique properties including applications in the food industry as a food additive, food coating, and in food-contact packaging material. While CNC is anticipated to be safe due to its similarity to the many forms of cellulose currently used as food additives, special consideration is given to it as it is the first manufactured form of cellulose that is nanoscale in both length and width. A proactive approach to safety has been adopted by manufacturers to demonstrate CNC safety toward responsible commercialization. As part of the safety demonstration, in vivo and in vitro testing strategies were commissioned side-by-side with conventional cellulose, which has been safely used in food for decades. Testing included a 90-day rodent feeding study as well as additional physical, chemical, and biological studies in vitro that follow European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) guidance to demonstrate the safe use of novel food ingredients. The strategy includes assessment of neat materials side-by-side with simulated digestion, mimicking conditions that occur along the gastrointestinal tract as well as intracellularly. An intestinal co-culture model examined any potential toxicological effects from exposure to either pristine or digested forms of CNC including cytotoxicity, metabolic activity, membrane permeability, oxidative stress, and proinflammatory responses. None of the studies demonstrated any toxicity via oral or simulated oral exposure. These studies demonstrate that CNC produced by InnoTech Alberta is similarly safe by ingestion as conventional cellulose with a no-observed-adverse-effect level of 2085.3 (males) and 2682.8 (females) mg/kg/day.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Ede
- Vireo Advisors LLC, Boston, MA 02130-4323, USA
| | | | - Marina R Mulenos
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97266, Waco, TX 76798-7266, USA
| | - Sahar Pradhan
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97266, Waco, TX 76798-7266, USA
| | - Matthew Gibb
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97266, Waco, TX 76798-7266, USA
| | - Christie M Sayes
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97266, Waco, TX 76798-7266, USA
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Pradhan SH, Mulenos MR, Steele LR, Gibb M, Ede JD, Ong KJ, Shatkin JA, Sayes CM. Physical, chemical, and toxicological characterization of fibrillated forms of cellulose using an in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and co-culture model. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2020; 9:290-301. [PMID: 32670560 PMCID: PMC7329166 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfaa026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrillated cellulose is a next-generation material in development for a variety of applications, including use in food and food-contact materials. An alternative testing strategy including simulated digestion was developed to compare the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of seven different types of fibrillated cellulose, following European Food Safety Authority guidance. Fibrillated forms were compared to a conventional form of cellulose which has been used in food for over 85 years and has Generally Recognized as safe regulatory status in the USA. The physical and chemical characterization of fibrillated celluloses demonstrate that these materials are similar physically and chemically, which composed of the same fundamental molecular structure and exhibit similar morphology, size, size distribution, surface charge, and low levels of impurities. Simulated gastrointestinal and lysosomal digestions demonstrate that these physical and chemical similarities remain following exposure to conditions that mimic the gastrointestinal tract or intracellular lysosomes. A toxicological investigation with an advanced intestinal co-culture model found that exposure to each of the fibrillated and conventional forms of cellulose, in either the pristine or digested form at 0.4% by weight, showed no adverse toxicological effects including cytotoxicity, barrier integrity, oxidative stress, or inflammation. The results demonstrate the physical, chemical, and biological similarities of these materials and provide substantive evidence to support their grouping and ability to read-across data as part of a food safety demonstration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar H Pradhan
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97266, Waco, TX 76798-7266, USA
| | - Marina R Mulenos
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97266, Waco, TX 76798-7266, USA
| | - London R Steele
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97266, Waco, TX 76798-7266, USA
| | - Matthew Gibb
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97266, Waco, TX 76798-7266, USA
| | - James D Ede
- Vireo Advisors, LLC, Boston, MA, 02130-4323, USA
| | | | | | - Christie M Sayes
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97266, Waco, TX 76798-7266, USA
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97266, Waco, TX 76798-7266, USA
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5
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Linares NA, Bouchard M, Gutiérrez NS, Colmenares M, Cantor-Garcia A, Gabaldon-Figueira JC, Bellorin AV, Rujano B, Peterson DL, Salmen S. Immunological features in pediatric patients with recurrent and severe infection: Identification of Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases in Merida, Venezuela. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2019; 47:437-448. [PMID: 31371133 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) are disorders associated mainly with recurrent and severe infection and an increase in susceptibility to autoimmune conditions and cancer. In Venezuela, PIDs are underdiagnosed and there is usually a delay in their diagnosis. Hence there are no data concerning the frequency and type of PIDs that occur. The aim of this study was to identify and quantify the types of PIDs that occur in Merida, a population within Venezuela. PATIENTS OR MATERIALS AND METHODS Following an informative program designed to alert local health professionals to the warning signs for PIDs, patients with a history of recurrent infections were referred to the Instituto de Inmunologia Clinica, Universidad de Los Andes. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS During the three-year period January 2014 to January 2017, thirty-two cases of PIDs were identified in pediatric patients, and 17 different types of PIDs, were identified. Predominantly antibody deficiencies were most frequent (40.6%), followed by immunodeficiencies affecting cellular and humoral immunity (21.8%), congenital defects of phagocyte (18.7%), CID with associated or syndromic features (9.3%), defects in intrinsic and innate immunity (6.4%) and diseases of immune dysregulation (3.2%). These results have important implications not only to the future approach for management of patients in our regions, but add important knowledge concerning PIDs in Latin America and worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Linares
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Los Andes, Merida, Venezuela
| | - M Bouchard
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Los Andes, Merida, Venezuela
| | - N S Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Los Andes, Merida, Venezuela
| | - M Colmenares
- Centro de Microscopía Electrónica "Dr Ernesto Palacios Prü". Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - A Cantor-Garcia
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Los Andes, Merida, Venezuela
| | - J C Gabaldon-Figueira
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Los Andes, Merida, Venezuela
| | - A V Bellorin
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Los Andes, Merida, Venezuela
| | - B Rujano
- Departamento de Pediatría, Instituto Autónomo Hospital Universitario de Los Andes, Merida, Venezuela
| | - D L Peterson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - S Salmen
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Los Andes, Merida, Venezuela.
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Zoccola E, Kellie S, Barnes AC. Leucocyte integrins, but neither caspases nor NLR inflammasome are associated with lipopolysaccharide recognition and response in barramundi (Lates calcarifer). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 91:172-179. [PMID: 31103555 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The inflammatory response of fish to LPS is subdued, attributed to absence of TLR4, a key pro-inflammatory receptor for LPS in mammals. Nevertheless, LPS is processed in fish in a T-independent manner and is a protective antigen in fish vaccines, yet pathways for processing LPS in fish remain to be elucidated. Here, we report that caspases and NOD-like receptor inflammasomes typically responsible for LPS recognition and processing in mammals lack critical domains or are absent in barramundi (Lates calcarifer). On the other hand, leucocyte integrins MAC-1 and LFA-1 were detected on the surface of neutrophil- and lymphocyte-like cells respectively in the barramundi spleen by immunocytochemistry, and leucocytes displaying MAC-1 or LFA-1 bound to Factor X and ESM-1 respectively. Exposure to MAC-1 and LFA-1 induced significant IL-1β expression post-stimulation with LPS compared to unstimulated and isotype controls, but the differences observed in TNF-α expression were inconclusive. Our findings implicate MAC-1 and LFA-1 involvement in immune processing of LPS in barramundi and in antigen processing in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Zoccola
- School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Marine Science, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Stuart Kellie
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia; Institute for Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia; Australian Institute for Infectious Diseases, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Andrew C Barnes
- School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Marine Science, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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Association of ITGAX and ITGAM gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to IgA nephropathy. J Hum Genet 2019; 64:927-935. [PMID: 31227791 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-019-0632-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Previous genome-wide association studies have discovered significant association at ITGAX-ITGAM on 16p11.2 for IgA nephropathy (IgAN). In this study, we performed a two-stage association study that enrolled 1700 IgAN cases and 2400 controls to further investigate the relationship of ITGAX and ITGAM gene polymorphisms with IgAN. Seven single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected for genotyping in 1000 IgAN cases and 1000 healthy controls in the discovery stage, and the significant SNP was further validated in additional 700 IgAN cases and 1400 healthy controls. We found that four SNPs (rs11150619, rs11150614, rs7190997, and rs4597342) showed potential associations with IgAN susceptibility in the discovery stage, but only SNP rs11150619 was further genotyped in the validation stage after multiple testing. The results indicated that rs11150619 was significantly associated with IgAN in the combined samples (OR = 0.81, 95%CI = 0.71-0.91, and dominant P = 6.68 × 10-4). Moreover, patients with TT genotype of rs11150619 exhibited increased estimated glomerular filtration rate levels and a reduced proportion of global sclerosis compared with those with TC and CC genotypes. Our results suggested that ITGAX and ITGAM gene polymorphisms were associated with IgAN in a Chinese Han population, and the rs11150619-T allele showed a potential protective role for IgAN.
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8
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Souza BE, Ottoni MHF, de Alvarenga PGM, Meireles AB, Silveira JVW, Almeida VG, Dos Santos MG, González-Torres LA, Fuzer Grael CF, Alvim Brito-Melo GE, Avelar-Freitas BA. Effect of essential oil from Ageratum fastigiatum on beta-integrin (CD18) expression on human lymphocytes stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate in vitro. Nat Prod Res 2019; 34:3409-3413. [PMID: 30758988 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1569653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Agareratum fastigiatum is a Brazilian medicinal plant used as anti-inflammaroty and for wound healing by the folk medicine. In vitro and in vivo studies involving A. fastigiatum essential oil (EOAF) showed indications of anti-inflammatory activity, however, its effect on membrane integrins involved on cell migration is still unclear. Hence, it was evaluated in the present study the effect of EOAF on CD18 frequency on human lymphocytes. By using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry it was identified 9 compounds on EOAF: α-pinene; β-pinene; β-myrcene; d-limonene; β-ocimene; sesquiterpenes; α-copaene; 4,8-β-epóxi-caryophyllene; germacrene and bicyclogermacrene. On in vitro tests, 6.25 × 10-3 and 12.5 × 10-3 µL/mL EOAF reduced CD18 frequency on phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)-stimulated lymphocytes. Such cells were obtained from peripheral blood of healthy volunteers, and were treated or not with EOAF. They were stained with fluorescent anti-CD18 monoclonal antibodies, after 24 hours incubation. Our data corroborates previous findings, indicating a possible anti-inflammatory activity of EOAF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara E Souza
- Multifunctional Materials and Composites Laboratory, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brasil
| | - Marcelo H F Ottoni
- Programa Multicêntrico de pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brasil
| | - Priscila G M de Alvarenga
- Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brasil
| | - Agnes Batista Meireles
- Programa de pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brasil
| | - João V W Silveira
- Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brasil
| | - Valéria Gomes Almeida
- Programa Multicêntrico de pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brasil
| | - Michaelle G Dos Santos
- Programa Multicêntrico de pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brasil
| | | | - Cristiane F Fuzer Grael
- Programa de pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brasil
| | - Gustavo Eustáquio Alvim Brito-Melo
- Programa Multicêntrico de pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brasil.,Programa de pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brasil
| | - Bethânia A Avelar-Freitas
- Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brasil.,Programa de pós-graduação em Saúde, Sociedade e Ambiente, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brasil
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MT4-MMP deficiency increases patrolling monocyte recruitment to early lesions and accelerates atherosclerosis. Nat Commun 2018; 9:910. [PMID: 29500407 PMCID: PMC5834547 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03351-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases are involved in vascular remodeling. Little is known about their immune regulatory role in atherosclerosis. Here we show that mice deficient for MT4-MMP have increased adherence of macrophages to inflamed peritonea, and larger lipid deposits and macrophage burden in atherosclerotic plaques. We also demonstrate that MT4-MMP deficiency results in higher numbers of patrolling monocytes crawling and adhered to inflamed endothelia, and the accumulation of Mafb+ apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage (AIM)+ macrophages at incipient atherosclerotic lesions in mice. Functionally, MT4-MMP-null Mafb+AIM+ peritoneal macrophages express higher AIM and scavenger receptor CD36, are more resistant to apoptosis, and bind acLDL avidly, all of which contribute to atherosclerosis. CCR5 inhibition alleviates these effects by hindering the enhanced recruitment of MT4-MMP-null patrolling monocytes to early atherosclerotic lesions, thus blocking Mafb+AIM+ macrophage accumulation and atherosclerosis acceleration. Our results suggest that MT4-MMP targeting may constitute a novel strategy to boost patrolling monocyte activity in early inflammation.
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Eljaszewicz A, Jankowski M, Wiese-Szadkowska M, Gackowska L, Michalkiewicz J, Zegarski W, Moniuszko M. Gastric cancer increases transmigratory potential of peripheral blood monocytes by upregulation of β1- and β2-integrins. Contemp Oncol (Pozn) 2018; 22:33-37. [PMID: 29628791 PMCID: PMC5885073 DOI: 10.5114/wo.2018.73881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immune responses within the tumor depend on the ability of leukocytes to migrate from peripheral circulation into the local microenvironment. This process is controlled by mechanisms that guide leukocytes to the side of inflammation, allowing them to cross vascular endothelial barrier. Monocytes/macrophages are the predominant population of leukocyte infiltrate of many tumors, including, gastric cancer. However, to date mechanisms that control monocyte trafficking to the side of tumor growth are not fully elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY It this study we aimed to evaluate transmigratory potential of peripheral blood monocytes from gastric cancer patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS By using multicolor flow cytometry we assessed expression of β1- and β2-integrins on peripheral blood monocytes from gastric cancer patients. RESULTS We found increased frequencies of VLA-4 and VLA-6 expressing monocytes and increased expression of analyzed β2-integrins in gastric cancer patients when compared to age matched controls. CONCLUSIONS In summary, this study revealed that gastric cancer increases transmigratory potential of peripheral blood monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Eljaszewicz
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
| | - Michal Jankowski
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University of Torun, Poland
- Oncology Centre – Prof Franciszek Lukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Wiese-Szadkowska
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland
| | - Lidia Gackowska
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland
| | - Jacek Michalkiewicz
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland
| | - Wojciech Zegarski
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University of Torun, Poland
- Oncology Centre – Prof Franciszek Lukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marcin Moniuszko
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
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Verma NK, Kelleher D. Not Just an Adhesion Molecule: LFA-1 Contact Tunes the T Lymphocyte Program. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:1213-1221. [PMID: 28784685 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The αLβ2 integrin LFA-1 is known to play a key role in T lymphocyte migration, which is necessary to mount a local immune response, and is also the main driver of autoimmune diseases. This migration-triggering signaling process in T cells is tightly regulated to permit an immune response that is appropriate to the local trigger, as well as to prevent deleterious tissue-damaging bystander effects. Emerging evidence shows that, in addition to prompting a diverse range of downstream signaling cascades, LFA-1 stimulation in T lymphocytes modulates gene-transcription programs, including genetic signatures of TGF-β and Notch pathways, with multifactorial biological outcomes. This review highlights recent findings and discusses molecular mechanisms by which LFA-1 signaling influence T lymphocyte differentiation into the effector subsets Th1, Th17, and induced regulatory T cells. We argue that LFA-1 contact with a cognate ligand, such as ICAM-1, independent of the immune synapse activates a late divergence in T cells' effector phenotypes, hence fine-tuning their functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navin Kumar Verma
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore; and
| | - Dermot Kelleher
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore; and .,Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
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12
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Deshpande P, Kathirvel K, Alex AA, Korula A, George B, Shaji RV, Mathews V. Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency-I: Clinical and Molecular Characterization in an Indian Population. Indian J Pediatr 2016; 83:799-804. [PMID: 26924654 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-016-2051-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe clinical and flow cytometric immunophenotyping details of 26 patients of Leukocyte adhesion deficiency-I (LAD-I) along with molecular characterization of 7 patients. METHODS Diagnosis of LAD-I was suspected on the basis of clinical features, white blood cell count and absolute neutrophil counts and flow cytometric assessment of expression of CD18 and CD11(a, b, c) on leukocytes. Mutation analysis was performed using DNA PCR and conformation sensitive gel electrophoresis (CSGE) technique followed by sequencing. RESULTS All the patients were symptomatic by the age of 6 mo, with history of recurrent bacterial infections involving skin, mucosa or umbilical cord (omphalitis) being the most frequent presenting symptoms. White blood cells (WBC) and absolute neutrophil counts (ANC) were markedly elevated, without any specific morphological findings. On flow cytometry, CD11a and CD11c showed moderate correlation with CD18 expression. Mutation analysis was performed in 7 patients and six different mutations (4 missense, 2 nonsense and 1 splice site) were identified, all of which were homozygous in nature. CONCLUSIONS A presentation of repeated bacterial infections during infancy, especially omphalitis, with markedly elevated absolute neutrophil counts should trigger investigations for LAD-I including flow cytometric analysis of CD11/CD18 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Deshpande
- Department of Hematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kotteeswari Kathirvel
- Department of Hematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ansu Abu Alex
- Department of Hematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anu Korula
- Department of Hematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Biju George
- Department of Hematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R V Shaji
- Department of Hematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vikram Mathews
- Department of Hematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
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13
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de Azevedo-Quintanilha IG, Vieira-de-Abreu A, Ferreira AC, Nascimento DO, Siqueira AM, Campbell RA, Teixeira Ferreira TP, Gutierrez TM, Ribeiro GM, E Silva PMR, Carvalho AR, Bozza PT, Zimmerman GA, Castro-Faria-Neto HC. Integrin αDβ2 (CD11d/CD18) mediates experimental malaria-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (MA-ARDS). Malar J 2016; 15:393. [PMID: 27473068 PMCID: PMC4967320 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-016-1447-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (MA-ARDS) is a potentially lethal complication of clinical malaria. Acute lung injury in MA-ARDS shares features with ARDS triggered by other causes, including alveolar inflammation and increased alveolar-capillary permeability, leading to leak of protein-rich pulmonary oedema fluid. Mechanisms and physiologic alterations in MA-ARDS can be examined in murine models of this syndrome. Integrin αDβ2 is a member of the leukocyte, or β2 (CD18), sub-family of integrins, and emerging observations indicate that it has important activities in leukocyte adhesion, accumulation and signalling. The goal was to perform analysis of the lungs of mice wild type C57Bl/6 (a D (+/+) ) and Knockout C57Bl/6 (a D (-/-) ) with malaria-associated acute lung injury to better determine the relevancy of the murine models and investigate the mechanism of disease. METHODS C57BL/6 wild type (a D (+/+) ) and deficient for CD11d sub-unit (a D (-/-) ) mice were monitored after infection with 10(5) Plasmodium berghei ANKA. CD11d subunit expression RNA was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction, vascular barrier integrity by Evans blue dye (EBD) exclusion and cytokines by ELISA. Protein and leukocytes were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples. Tissue cellularity was measured by the point-counting technique, F4/80 and VCAM-1 expression by immunohistochemistry. Respiratory function was analysed by non-invasive BUXCO and mechanical ventilation. RESULTS Alveolar inflammation, vascular and interstitial accumulation of monocytes and macrophages, and disrupted alveolar-capillary barrier function with exudation of protein-rich pulmonary oedema fluid were present in P. berghei-infected wild type mice and were improved in αDβ2-deficient animals. Key pro-inflammatory cytokines were also decreased in lung tissue from α D (-/-) mice, providing a mechanistic explanation for reduced alveolar-capillary inflammation and leak. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that αDβ2 is an important inflammatory effector molecule in P. berghei-induced MA-ARDS, and that leukocyte integrins regulate critical inflammatory and pathophysiologic events in this model of complicated malaria. Genetic deletion of integrin subunit αD in mice, leading to deficiency of integrin αDβ2, alters lung inflammation and acute lung injury in a mouse model of MA-ARDS caused by P. berghei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaclaudia G de Azevedo-Quintanilha
- Laboratório de Immunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Pavilhão Ozório de Almeida, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21045-900, Brazil.
| | - Adriana Vieira-de-Abreu
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - André Costa Ferreira
- Laboratório de Immunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Pavilhão Ozório de Almeida, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21045-900, Brazil
| | - Daniele O Nascimento
- Laboratório de Immunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Pavilhão Ozório de Almeida, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21045-900, Brazil
| | - Alessandra M Siqueira
- Laboratório de Immunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Pavilhão Ozório de Almeida, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21045-900, Brazil
| | - Robert A Campbell
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Tatiana P Teixeira Ferreira
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Pavilhão Ozório de Almeida, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tatiana M Gutierrez
- Laboratório de Immunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Pavilhão Ozório de Almeida, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21045-900, Brazil
| | - Gabriel M Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Engenharia Pulmonar no Programa de Engenharia Biomédica, Instituto Alberto Luiz Coimbra de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa de Engenharia-COPPE/Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patricia M R E Silva
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Pavilhão Ozório de Almeida, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alysson R Carvalho
- Laboratório de Fisiologia da Respiração, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patricia T Bozza
- Laboratório de Immunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Pavilhão Ozório de Almeida, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21045-900, Brazil
| | - Guy A Zimmerman
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Hugo C Castro-Faria-Neto
- Laboratório de Immunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Pavilhão Ozório de Almeida, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21045-900, Brazil.,Programa de Produtividade Científica, Universidade Estácio de Sá, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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14
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Hersrud SL, Kovács AD, Pearce DA. Antigen presenting cell abnormalities in the Cln3(-/-) mouse model of juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2016; 1862:1324-36. [PMID: 27101989 PMCID: PMC4899816 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Mutations of the CLN3 gene lead to juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (JNCL), an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder that causes progressive neurodegeneration in children and adolescents. There is evidence of immune system involvement in pathology that has been only minimally investigated. We characterized bone marrow stem cell-derived antigen presenting cells (APCs), peritoneal macrophages, and leukocytes from spleen and blood, harvested from the Cln3(-/-) mouse model of JNCL. We detected dramatically elevated CD11c surface levels and increased total CD11c protein in Cln3(-/-) cell samples compared to wild type. This phenotype was specific to APCs and also to a loss of CLN3, as surface levels did not differ from wild type in other leukocyte subtypes nor in cells from two other NCL mouse models. Subcellularly, CD11c was localized to lipid rafts, indicating that perturbation of surface levels is attributable to derangement of raft dynamics, which has previously been shown in Cln3 mutant cells. Interrogation of APC function revealed that Cln3(-/-) cells have increased adhesiveness to CD11c ligands as well as an abnormal secretory pattern that closely mimics what has been previously reported for Cln3 mutant microglia. Our results show that CLN3 deficiency alters APCs, which can be a major contributor to the autoimmune response in JNCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Hersrud
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, United States; Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57105, United States
| | - Attila D Kovács
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, United States; Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57105, United States
| | - David A Pearce
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, United States; Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57105, United States.
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15
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Heo J, Dogra P, Masi TJ, Pitt EA, de Kruijf P, Smit MJ, Sparer TE. Novel Human Cytomegalovirus Viral Chemokines, vCXCL-1s, Display Functional Selectivity for Neutrophil Signaling and Function. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:227-36. [PMID: 25987741 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human CMV (HCMV) uses members of the hematopoietic system including neutrophils for dissemination throughout the body. HCMV encodes a viral chemokine, vCXCL-1, that is postulated to attract neutrophils for dissemination within the host. The gene encoding vCXCL-1, UL146, is one of the most variable genes in the HCMV genome. Why HCMV has evolved this hypervariability and how this affects the virus' dissemination and pathogenesis is unknown. Because the vCXCL-1 hypervariability maps to important binding and activation domains, we hypothesized that vCXCL-1s differentially activate neutrophils, which could contribute to HCMV dissemination, pathogenesis, or both. To test whether these viral chemokines affect neutrophil function, we generated vCXCL-1 proteins from 11 different clades from clinical isolates from infants infected congenitally with HCMV. All vCXCL-1s were able to induce calcium flux at a concentration of 100 nM and integrin expression on human peripheral blood neutrophils, despite differences in affinity for the CXCR1 and CXCR2 receptors. In fact, their affinity for CXCR1 or CXCR2 did not correlate directly with chemotaxis, G protein-dependent and independent (β-arrestin-2) activation, or secondary chemokine (CCL22) expression. Our data suggest that vCXCL-1 polymorphisms affect the binding affinity, receptor usage, and differential peripheral blood neutrophil activation that could contribute to HCMV dissemination and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinho Heo
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996; and
| | - Pranay Dogra
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996; and
| | - Tom J Masi
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996; and
| | - Elisabeth A Pitt
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996; and
| | - Petra de Kruijf
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martine J Smit
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tim E Sparer
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996; and
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16
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Miyazaki Y, Vieira-de-Abreu A, Harris ES, Shah AM, Weyrich AS, Castro-Faria-Neto HC, Zimmerman GA. Integrin αDβ2 (CD11d/CD18) is expressed by human circulating and tissue myeloid leukocytes and mediates inflammatory signaling. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112770. [PMID: 25415295 PMCID: PMC4240710 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin α(D)β(2) is the most recently identified member of the leukocyte, or β(2), subfamily of integrin heterodimers. Its distribution and functions on human leukocytes have not been clearly defined and are controversial. We examined these issues and found that α(D)β(2) is prominently expressed by leukocytes in whole blood from healthy human subjects, including most polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes. We also found that α(D)β(2) is displayed by leukocytes in the alveoli of uninjured and inflamed human lungs and by human monocyte-derived macrophages and dendritic cells, indicating broad myeloid expression. Using freshly-isolated human monocytes, we found that α(D)β(2) delivers outside-in signals to pathways that regulate cell spreading and gene expression. Screening expression analysis followed by validation of candidate transcripts demonstrated that engagement of α(D)β(2) induces mRNAs encoding inflammatory chemokines and cytokines and secretion of their protein products. Thus, α(D)β(2) is a major member of the integrin repertoire of both circulating and tissue myeloid leukocytes in humans. Its broad expression and capacity for outside-in signaling indicate that it is likely to have important functions in clinical syndromes of infection, inflammation, and tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunari Miyazaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Adriana Vieira-de-Abreu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States of America
- Laboratório de Immunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundacão Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Estelle S. Harris
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States of America
| | - Amrapali M. Shah
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States of America
| | - Andrew S. Weyrich
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States of America
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States of America
| | - Hugo C. Castro-Faria-Neto
- Laboratório de Immunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundacão Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Guy A. Zimmerman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States of America
- Laboratório de Immunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundacão Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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17
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Kim G, Lee SE, Yang H, Park HR, Son GW, Park C, Park YS. β
2
integrins (CD11/18) are essential for the chemosensory adhesion and migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes on bacterial cellulose. J Biomed Mater Res A 2014; 103:1809-17. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gun‐Dong Kim
- Department of MicrobiologySchool of Medicine, Kyung Hee UniversityHoegi‐dong, Dongdaemun‐gu Seoul130‐701 Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Eun Lee
- Department of MicrobiologySchool of Medicine, Kyung Hee UniversityHoegi‐dong, Dongdaemun‐gu Seoul130‐701 Republic of Korea
| | - Hana Yang
- Department of MicrobiologySchool of Medicine, Kyung Hee UniversityHoegi‐dong, Dongdaemun‐gu Seoul130‐701 Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Rim Park
- Department of MicrobiologySchool of Medicine, Kyung Hee UniversityHoegi‐dong, Dongdaemun‐gu Seoul130‐701 Republic of Korea
| | - Gun Woo Son
- Department of MicrobiologySchool of Medicine, Kyung Hee UniversityHoegi‐dong, Dongdaemun‐gu Seoul130‐701 Republic of Korea
| | - Cheung‐Seog Park
- Department of MicrobiologySchool of Medicine, Kyung Hee UniversityHoegi‐dong, Dongdaemun‐gu Seoul130‐701 Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Seek Park
- Department of MicrobiologySchool of Medicine, Kyung Hee UniversityHoegi‐dong, Dongdaemun‐gu Seoul130‐701 Republic of Korea
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18
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Park SR, Park KS, Park YJ, Bang D, Lee ES. CD11a, CD11c, and CD18 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to Behçet's disease in Koreans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 84:398-404. [PMID: 25155097 DOI: 10.1111/tan.12420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lesions of Behçet's disease (BD) show vascular infiltrates of immune cells expressing integrins. β2 integrins (CD11/CD18) play a major role in cell migration to the inflammatory lesion and also induce cytokine production. Thus, genetic polymorphisms of CD11/CD18 may be associated with the pathogenesis of BD. In this study, nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the CD11a, CD11c, and CD18 were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and haplotype analysis in 305 BD patients and 266 healthy controls. The frequencies of genotype rs11574944 CC and haplotype rs11574944C-rs2230433G-rs8058823A in CD11a were significantly lower in BD patients. The frequencies of genotype rs2230429 CC, rs2929 GG, and haplotype rs2230429C-rs2929G in CD11c were higher in BD patients. The frequencies of genotype rs235326CC and haplotype rs2070946A-rs235326C-rs760456G-rs684G in CD18 were significantly higher in the BD patients than in the controls. Other SNPs in CD11a, CD11c, and CD18 gene were not significantly different. Therefore, the major genotype and haplotype of CD11a/CD18 may play a role in decreasing the susceptibility of BD, whereas the major genotype and haplotype of CD11c/CD18 may play a role in increasing the susceptibility of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Park
- School of Biological Science and Chemistry, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, Korea
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19
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Coculture with Late, but Not Early, Human Endothelial Progenitor Cells Up Regulates IL-1 β Expression in THP-1 Monocytic Cells in a Paracrine Manner. Stem Cells Int 2013; 2013:859643. [PMID: 24385987 PMCID: PMC3872420 DOI: 10.1155/2013/859643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have been used in clinical trials to treat ischemic heart disease. Monocyte infiltration plays an important role in inflammation, angiogenesis, and tissue repair during tissue ischemia. It is important to understand the interactions between EPCs and monocytes. In this study, a human EPC/THP-1 monocytic cell coculture system was used to examine EPC effect on IL-1α, IL-1β, and TNF-α expression in THP-1 cells. Late, but not early, EPCs upregulated IL-1β expression at both mRNA and protein levels. In contrast, neither early nor late EPCs affected IL-1α or TNF-α expression. Coculture with human umbilical vein endothelial cells did not alter IL-1β expression. It has been shown that activation of integrin β2 in human neutrophils augments IL-1β synthesis; however integrin β2 was not involved in IL-1β expression in THP-1 cells. Addition of late EPC conditioned medium to THP-1 cell culture led to a modest increase of IL-1β mRNA levels, indicating that late EPCs upregulate IL-1β expression partly through a paracrine pathway. IL-1β, an important inflammation mediator, has been shown to promote EPC function. Our data therefore suggest that late EPCs can exert self-enhancement effects by interacting with monocytes and that EPCs might modulate inflammatory reactions by regulating IL-1β expression in monocytes.
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20
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Luo D, Lin JS, Parent MA, Mullarky-Kanevsky I, Szaba FM, Kummer LW, Duso DK, Tighe M, Hill J, Gruber A, Mackman N, Gailani D, Smiley ST. Fibrin facilitates both innate and T cell-mediated defense against Yersinia pestis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:4149-61. [PMID: 23487423 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1203253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The Gram-negative bacterium Yersinia pestis causes plague, a rapidly progressing and often fatal disease. The formation of fibrin at sites of Y. pestis infection supports innate host defense against plague, perhaps by providing a nondiffusible spatial cue that promotes the accumulation of inflammatory cells expressing fibrin-binding integrins. This report demonstrates that fibrin is an essential component of T cell-mediated defense against plague but can be dispensable for Ab-mediated defense. Genetic or pharmacologic depletion of fibrin abrogated innate and T cell-mediated defense in mice challenged intranasally with Y. pestis. The fibrin-deficient mice displayed reduced survival, increased bacterial burden, and exacerbated hemorrhagic pathology. They also showed fewer neutrophils within infected lung tissue and reduced neutrophil viability at sites of liver infection. Depletion of neutrophils from wild-type mice weakened T cell-mediated defense against plague. The data suggest that T cells combat plague in conjunction with neutrophils, which require help from fibrin to withstand Y. pestis encounters and effectively clear bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyan Luo
- Trudeau Institute, Saranac Lake, NY 12983, USA
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21
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Faridi MH, Altintas MM, Gomez C, Duque JC, Vazquez-Padron RI, Gupta V. Small molecule agonists of integrin CD11b/CD18 do not induce global conformational changes and are significantly better than activating antibodies in reducing vascular injury. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1830:3696-710. [PMID: 23454649 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD11b/CD18 is a key adhesion receptor that mediates leukocyte adhesion, migration and immune functions. We recently identified novel compounds, leukadherins, that allosterically enhance CD11b/CD18-dependent cell adhesion and reduce inflammation in vivo, suggesting integrin activation to be a novel mechanism of action for the development of anti-inflammatory therapeutics. Since a number of well-characterized anti-CD11b/CD18 activating antibodies are currently available, we wondered if such biological agonists could also become therapeutic leads following this mechanism of action. METHODS We compared the two types of agonists using in vitro cell adhesion and wound-healing assays and using animal model systems. We also studied effects of the two types of agonists on outside-in signaling in treated cells. RESULTS Both types of agonists similarly enhanced integrin-mediated cell adhesion and decreased cell migration. However, unlike leukadherins, the activating antibodies produced significant CD11b/CD18 macro clustering and induced phosphorylation of key proteins involved in outside-in signaling. Studies using conformation reporter antibodies showed that leukadherins did not induce global conformational changes in CD11b/CD18 explaining the reason behind their lack of ligand-mimetic outside-in signaling. In vivo, leukadherins reduced vascular injury in a dose-dependent fashion, but, surprisingly, the anti-CD11b activating antibody ED7 was ineffective. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that small molecule allosteric agonists of CD11b/CD18 have clear advantages over the biologic activating antibodies and provide a mechanistic basis for the difference. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE CD11b/CD18 activation represents a novel strategy for reducing inflammatory injury. Our study establishes small molecule leukadherins as preferred agonists over activating antibodies for future development as novel anti-inflammatory therapeutics.
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22
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Integrin activation by P-Rex1 is required for selectin-mediated slow leukocyte rolling and intravascular crawling. Blood 2013; 121:2301-10. [PMID: 23343834 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-09-457085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin activation is essential for the function of leukocytes. Impaired integrin activation on leukocytes is the hallmark of the leukocyte adhesion deficiency syndrome in humans, characterized by impaired leukocyte recruitment and recurrent infections. In inflammation, leukocytes collect different signals during the contact with the microvasculature, which activate signaling pathways leading to integrin activation and leukocyte recruitment. We report the role of P-Rex1, a Rac-specific guanine nucleotide exchanging factor, in integrin activation and leukocyte recruitment. We find that P-Rex1 is required for inducing selectin-mediated lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) extension that corresponds to intermediate affinity and induces slow leukocyte rolling, whereas P-Rex1 is not involved in the induction of the high-affinity conformation of LFA-1 obligatory for leukocyte arrest. Furthermore, we demonstrate that P-Rex1 is involved in Mac-1-dependent intravascular crawling. In vivo, both LFA-1-dependent slow rolling and Mac-1-dependent crawling are defective in P-Rex1(-/-) leukocytes, whereas chemokine-induced arrest and postadhesion strengthening remain intact in P-Rex1-deficient leukocytes. Rac1 is involved in E-selectin-mediated slow rolling and crawling. In vivo, in an ischemia-reperfusion-induced model of acute kidney injury, abolished selectin-mediated integrin activation contributed to decreased neutrophil recruitment and reduced kidney damage in P-Rex1-deficient mice. We conclude that P-Rex1 serves distinct functions in LFA-1 and Mac-1 activation.
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23
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The leucocyte β2 (CD18) integrins: the structure, functional regulation and signalling properties. Biosci Rep 2012; 32:241-69. [PMID: 22458844 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20110101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Leucocytes are highly motile cells. Their ability to migrate into tissues and organs is dependent on cell adhesion molecules. The integrins are a family of heterodimeric transmembrane cell adhesion molecules that are also signalling receptors. They are involved in many biological processes, including the development of metazoans, immunity, haemostasis, wound healing and cell survival, proliferation and differentiation. The leucocyte-restricted β2 integrins comprise four members, namely αLβ2, αMβ2, αXβ2 and αDβ2, which are required for a functional immune system. In this paper, the structure, functional regulation and signalling properties of these integrins are reviewed.
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Weckbach LT, Groesser L, Borgolte J, Pagel JI, Pogoda F, Schymeinsky J, Müller-Höcker J, Shakibaei M, Muramatsu T, Deindl E, Walzog B. Midkine acts as proangiogenic cytokine in hypoxia-induced angiogenesis. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2012; 303:H429-38. [PMID: 22707563 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00934.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The cytokine midkine (MK) promotes tumor growth mainly by inducing angiogenesis. Here, we identified the source of MK in the vascular system under hypoxic conditions and demonstrated the relevance of MK during ischemia of normal tissue. Hypoxia increased MK protein expression in human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN), monocytes, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) compared with normoxia. Immunoelectron microscopy showed elevated cell surface expression of MK in PMN and monocytes during hypoxia. However, only HUVEC released significant amounts of soluble MK during hypoxia compared with normoxia (301 ± 81 pg/ml vs. 158 ± 45 pg/ml; P < 0.05). Exogenous MK induced neovascularization in a chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay compared with negative control as measured by counting the number of branching points per visual field (1,074 ± 54 vs. 211 ± 70; P < 0.05). In a hind limb ischemia model, the angiogenic response was almost completely absent in MK-deficient mice, whereas control animals showed a profound angiogenic response measured as proliferating endothelial cells per visual field (45 ± 30 vs. 169 ± 34; P < 0.01). These unanticipated results identified endothelial cells as the source of soluble MK in the vascular system during hypoxia and defined MK as a pivotal player of angiogenesis during ischemia in nonmalignant tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludwig T Weckbach
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
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25
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Bao F, Bailey CS, Gurr KR, Bailey SI, Rosas-Arellano MP, Brown A, Dekaban GA, Weaver LC. Human spinal cord injury causes specific increases in surface expression of β integrins on leukocytes. J Neurotrauma 2011; 28:269-80. [PMID: 21142687 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2010.1618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) activates circulating leukocytes that migrate into the injured cord and bystander organs using adhesion molecule-mediated mechanisms. These cells cause oxidative damage, resulting in secondary injury to the spinal cord, as well as injury to bystander organs. This study was designed to examine, over a 6-h to 2-week period, changes in adhesion molecule surface expression on human peripheral leukocytes after SCI (9 subjects), using as controls 10 uninjured subjects and 6 general trauma patients (trauma controls, TC). Both the percentage of cells expressing a given adhesion molecule and the average level of its expression was quantified for both circulating neutrophils and monocytes. The percentage of neutrophils and monocytes expressing the selectin CD62L was unchanged in TC and SCI patients after injury compared to uninjured subjects. Concurrently, the amount of surface CD62L on neutrophils was decreased in SCI and TC subjects, and on monocytes after SCI. The percentage of neutrophils expressing α4 decreased in TC, but not in SCI, subjects. Likewise, the percentage of neutrophils and monocytes expressing CD11d decreased markedly in TC subjects, but not after SCI. In contrast, the mean surface expression of α4 and CD11d by neutrophils and monocytes increased after SCI compared with uninjured and TC subjects. The percentage of cells and surface expression of CD11b were similar in neutrophils of all three groups, whereas CD11b surface expression increased after SCI in monocytes. In summary, unlike changes found after general trauma, the proinflammatory stimulation induced by SCI increases the surface expression of adhesion molecules on circulating neutrophils and monocytes before they infiltrate the injured spinal cord and multiple organs of patients. Integrins may be excellent targets for anti-inflammatory treatment after human SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Bao
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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26
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Minet-Quinard R, Farges MC, Thivat E, Deleine C, Mayot G, Brtko J, Ribalta J, Winklhofer-Roob B, Rock E, Vasson MP. Neutrophils are immune cells preferentially targeted by retinoic acid in elderly subjects. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2010; 7:10. [PMID: 20727130 PMCID: PMC2940875 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4933-7-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background The immune system gradually deteriorates with age and nutritional status is a major factor in immunosenescence. Of the many nutritional factors implicated in age-related immune dysfunction, vitamin A may be a good candidate, since vitamin A concentrations classically decrease during aging whereas it may possess important immunomodulatory properties via its active metabolites, the retinoic acids. This prompted us to investigate the immune response induced by retinoids in adults and elderly healthy subjects. Before and after oral supplementation with 13cis retinoic acid (0.5 mg/kg/day during 28 days), whole blood cells were phenotyped, and functions of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) were investigated by flow cytometry and ELISA tests. Results In both young adults (n = 20, 25 ± 4 years) and older subjects (n = 20, 65 ± 4 years), retinoic acid supplementation had no effect on the distribution of leukocyte subpopulations or on the functions of PBMC (Il-2 and sIl-2R production, membrane expression of CD25). Concerning PMN, retinoic acid induced an increase in both spontaneous migration and cell surface expression of CD11b in the two different age populations, whereas bactericidal activity and phagocytosis remained unchanged. Conclusions We demonstrated that retinoic acid induces the same intensity of immune response between adult and older subjects, and more specifically affects PMN functions, i.e. adhesion and migration, than PBMC functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Régine Minet-Quinard
- Clermont University, Université d'Auvergne, EA4233, LB2MN, CRNH-A, BP10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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Glawe JD, Patrick DR, Huang M, Sharp CD, Barlow SC, Kevil CG. Genetic deficiency of Itgb2 or ItgaL prevents autoimmune diabetes through distinctly different mechanisms in NOD/LtJ mice. Diabetes 2009; 58:1292-301. [PMID: 19223596 PMCID: PMC2682677 DOI: 10.2337/db08-0804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insulitis is an important pathological feature of autoimmune diabetes; however, mechanisms governing the recruitment of diabetogenic T-cells into pancreatic islets are poorly understood. Here, we determined the importance of leukocyte integrins beta(2)(Itgb2) and alphaL (ItgaL) in developing insulitis and frank diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Gene-targeted mutations of either Itgb2 or ItgaL were established on the NOD/LtJ mouse strain. Experiments were performed to measure insulitis and diabetes development. Studies were also performed measuring mutant T-cell adhesion to islet microvascular endothelial cells under hydrodynamic flow conditions. T-cell adhesion molecule profiles and adoptive transfer studies were also performed. RESULTS Genetic deficiency of either Itgb2 or ItgaL completely prevented the development of hyperglycemia and frank diabetes in NOD mice. Loss of Itgb2 or ItgaL prevented insulitis with Itgb2 deficiency conferring complete protection. In vitro hydrodynamic flow adhesion studies also showed that loss of Itgb2 completely abrogated T-cell adhesion. However, ItgaL deficiency did not alter NOD T-cell adhesion to or transmigration across islet endothelial cells. Adoptive transfer of ItgaL-deficient splenocytes into NOD/Rag-1 mice did not result in development of diabetes, suggesting a role for ItgaL in NOD/LtJ T-cell activation. CONCLUSIONS Together, these data demonstrate that genetic deficiency of Itgb2 or ItgaL confers protection against autoimmune diabetes through distinctly different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D. Glawe
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - D. Ross Patrick
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Meng Huang
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Christopher D. Sharp
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Shayne C. Barlow
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Christopher G. Kevil
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana
- Corresponding author: Christopher Kevil,
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Ratra R, Kar-Roy A, Lal SK. ORF3 protein of hepatitis E virus interacts with the Bbeta chain of fibrinogen resulting in decreased fibrinogen secretion from HuH-7 cells. J Gen Virol 2009; 90:1359-1370. [PMID: 19264644 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.009274-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The ORF3 protein of hepatitis E virus (HEV), the precise cellular functions of which remain obscure, was used in a yeast two-hybrid screen to identify its cellular binding partners. One of the identified interacting partners was fibrinogen Bbeta protein. The ORF3-fibrinogen Bbeta interaction was verified by co-immunoprecipitation and fluorescence resonance energy transfer in mammalian cells. Fibrinogen is a hepatic acute-phase protein and serves as a central molecule that maintains host homeostasis and haemostasis during an acute-phase response. Metabolic labelling of ORF3-transfected HuH-7 cells showed that secreted as well as intracellular levels of fibrinogen were decreased in these cells compared with vector-transfected controls. Northern hybridization and RT-PCR analyses revealed that the mRNA levels of all three chains of fibrinogen, Aalpha, Bbeta and gamma, were transcriptionally downregulated in ORF3-transfected cells. The constitutive expression of fibrinogen genes can be significantly upregulated by interleukin (IL)-6, an important mediator of liver-specific gene expression during an acute-phase response. Transcription of fibrinogen genes after IL-6 stimulation was less in ORF3-expressing cells compared with controls. This report adds one more biological function to, and advances our understanding of, the cellular role of the ORF3 protein of HEV. The possible implications of these findings in the virus life cycle are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Ratra
- Virology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, PO Box 10504, Aruna Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Anindita Kar-Roy
- Virology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, PO Box 10504, Aruna Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Sunil K Lal
- Virology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, PO Box 10504, Aruna Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi 110067, India
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Heparin coating of poly(ethylene terephthalate) decreases hydrophobicity, monocyte/leukocyte interaction and tissue interaction. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2008; 67:46-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2008.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2008] [Revised: 06/12/2008] [Accepted: 07/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Perl M, Lomas-Neira J, Chung CS, Ayala A. Epithelial cell apoptosis and neutrophil recruitment in acute lung injury-a unifying hypothesis? What we have learned from small interfering RNAs. Mol Med 2008; 14:465-75. [PMID: 18368145 PMCID: PMC2274893 DOI: 10.2119/2008-00011.perl] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2008] [Accepted: 03/17/2008] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In spite of protective ventilatory strategies, Acute Lung Injury (ALI) remains associated with high morbidity and mortality. One reason for the lack of therapeutic options might be that ALI is a co-morbid event associated with a diverse family of diseases and, thus, may be the result of distinct pathological processes. Among them, activated neutrophil- (PMN-) induced tissue injury and epithelial cell apoptosis mediated lung damage represent two potentially important candidate pathomechanisms that have been put forward. Several approaches have been undertaken to test these hypotheses, with substantial success in the treatment of experimental forms of ALI. With this in mind, we will summarize these two current hypotheses of ALI briefly, emphasizing the role of apoptosis in regulating PMN and/or lung epithelial cell responses. In addition, the contribution that Fas-mediated inflammation may play as a potential biological link between lung cell apoptosis and PMN recruitment will be considered, as well as the in vivo application of small interfering RNA (siRNA) as a novel approach to the inhibition of ALI and its therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Perl
- Department of Traumatology, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Ulm Medical School, Ulm, Germany
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Marino JS, Tausch BJ, Dearth CL, Manacci MV, McLoughlin TJ, Rakyta SJ, Linsenmayer MP, Pizza FX. Beta2-integrins contribute to skeletal muscle hypertrophy in mice. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2008; 295:C1026-36. [PMID: 18753316 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.212.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We tested the contribution of beta(2)-integrins, which are important for normal function of neutrophils and macrophages, to skeletal muscle hypertrophy after mechanical loading. Using the synergist ablation model of hypertrophy and mice deficient in the common beta-subunit of beta(2)-integrins (CD18(-/-)), we found that overloaded muscles of wild-type mice had greater myofiber size, dry muscle mass, and total protein content compared with CD18(-/-) mice. The hypertrophy in wild-type mice was preceded by elevations in neutrophils, macrophages, satellite cell/myoblast proliferation (5'-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine- and desmin-positive cells), markers of muscle differentiation (MyoD1 and myogenin gene expression and formation and size of regenerating myofibers), signaling for protein synthesis [phosphorylation of Akt and 70-kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6k)], and reduced signaling for protein degradation (decreased gene expression of muscle atrophy F box/atrogin-1). The deficiency in beta(2)-integrins, however, altered the accumulation profile of neutrophils and macrophages, disrupted the temporal profile of satellite cell/myoblast proliferation, reduced the markers of muscle differentiation, and impaired the p70S6k signaling, all of which could serve as mechanisms for the impaired hypertrophy in overloaded CD18(-/-) mice. In conclusion, our findings indicate that beta(2)-integrins contribute to the hypertrophic response to muscle overload by temporally regulating satellite cells/myoblast proliferation and by enhancing muscle differentiation and p70S6k signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S Marino
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, USA
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Thacker RI, Retzinger GS. Adsorbed fibrinogen regulates the behavior of human dendritic cells in a CD18-dependent manner. Exp Mol Pathol 2008; 84:122-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2008.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2008] [Accepted: 01/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Gris D, Hamilton EF, Weaver LC. The systemic inflammatory response after spinal cord injury damages lungs and kidneys. Exp Neurol 2008; 211:259-70. [PMID: 18384773 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2008.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2007] [Revised: 01/25/2008] [Accepted: 01/30/2008] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) triggers a well characterized, acute, local inflammation leading to secondary damage at the lesion site. Another little recognized problem may be the activation of circulating inflammatory cells that potentially damage tissues outside the cord. We investigated this problem using severe clip-compression SCI in rats. We studied systemic inflammation after SCI and its effects on lungs and kidneys, as dysfunction of these organs is a frequent, early complication after SCI. From 2-24 h after SCI, the number of circulating neutrophils (especially immature cells) significantly increased by 3-10 fold. Flow cytometry experiments revealed that SCI transiently activates these neutrophils, causing increased oxidative responses to phorbolmyristic acid at 2 h after SCI; then, from 4-24 h, the neutrophils were less responsive. Neutrophil longevity was increased (30-50% decrease in apoptosis) at 2-8 h after SCI. Immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated the invasion of neutrophils into lungs and kidneys (2 h-7 d after SCI) and more phagocytic macrophages in lungs (12 h, 3 d after SCI). Myeloperoxidase and matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity in lung and kidney homogenates increased (12 h-7 d after SCI). Expression of COX-2 increased and lipid peroxidation also occurred within this time. Control experiments inducing local cord damage by excitotoxic quisqualate injection verified that SCI per se is sufficient to trigger systemic inflammation and organ damage. In summary, SCI mobilizes and activates neutrophils that then migrate into visceral organs, a phenomenon occurring in parallel with their well-known entry into the cord injury site. The systemic inflammatory response to SCI should be targeted in the development of new therapeutic strategies to treat SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Gris
- The Spinal Cord Injury Laboratory, BioTherapeutics Research Group, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, 100 Perth Drive, London, Ontario, Canada
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35
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Ley K. The Microcirculation in Inflammation. Microcirculation 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-374530-9.00011-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
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36
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Loftus JP, Black SJ, Pettigrew A, Abrahamsen EJ, Belknap JK. Early laminar events involving endothelial activation in horses with black walnut– induced laminitis. Am J Vet Res 2007; 68:1205-11. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.68.11.1205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Clemens RA, Lenox LE, Kambayashi T, Bezman N, Maltzman JS, Nichols KE, Koretzky GA. Loss of SLP-76 expression within myeloid cells confers resistance to neutrophil-mediated tissue damage while maintaining effective bacterial killing. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 178:4606-14. [PMID: 17372019 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.7.4606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The Src homology 2 domain-containing leukocyte phosphoprotein of 76 kDa (SLP-76) is an adaptor molecule critical for immunoreceptor and integrin signaling in multiple hemopoietic lineages. We showed previously that SLP-76 is required for neutrophil function in vitro, including integrin-induced adhesion and production of reactive oxygen intermediates, and to a lesser extent, FcgammaR-induced calcium flux and reactive oxygen intermediate production. It has been difficult to determine whether SLP-76 regulates neutrophil responses in vivo, because Slp-76(-/-) mice exhibit marked defects in thymocyte and vascular development, as well as platelet and mast cell function. To circumvent these issues, we generated mice with targeted loss of SLP-76 expression within myeloid cells. Neutrophils obtained from these animals failed to respond to integrin activation in vitro, similar to Slp-76(-/-) cells. Despite these abnormalities, SLP-76-deficient neutrophils migrated normally in vivo in response to Staphylococcus aureus infection and efficiently cleared micro-organisms. Interestingly, SLP-76-deficient neutrophils did not induce a robust inflammatory response in the localized Shwartzman reaction. Collectively, these data suggest that disruption of integrin signaling via loss of SLP-76 expression differentially impairs neutrophil functions in vivo, with preservation of migration and killing of S. aureus but reduction in LPS-induced tissue damage and vascular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina A Clemens
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Zirlik A, Maier C, Gerdes N, MacFarlane L, Soosairajah J, Bavendiek U, Ahrens I, Ernst S, Bassler N, Missiou A, Patko Z, Aikawa M, Schönbeck U, Bode C, Libby P, Peter K. CD40 ligand mediates inflammation independently of CD40 by interaction with Mac-1. Circulation 2007; 115:1571-80. [PMID: 17372166 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.106.683201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Strong evidence supports a role for CD40 ligand (CD40L) as marker and mediator of inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis. Despite extensive characterization of CD40, the classic receptor of CD40L, its role in immune defense against inflammatory diseases remains uncertain. The present study aimed to characterize the contribution of CD40 signaling to atherogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS Surprisingly, mice deficient in both CD40 and the low-density lipoprotein receptor did not develop smaller lesions in the aortic arch, root, and thoracoabdominal aorta compared with mice deficient only in the low-density lipoprotein receptor that consumed an atherogenic diet for 8 and 16 weeks. By flow cytometry, radioactive binding assays, and immunoprecipitation, we demonstrate that CD40L interacts with the integrin Mac-1, which results in Mac-1-dependent adhesion and migration of inflammatory cells as well as myeloperoxidase release in vitro. Furthermore, mice deficient in CD40L show significantly reduced thioglycolate-elicited invasion of inflammatory cells into the peritoneal cavity compared with mice deficient in CD40 and wild-type controls. Inhibition of Mac-1 in low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice attenuates lesion development and reduces lesional macrophage accumulation. CONCLUSIONS These observations identify the interaction of CD40L and Mac-1 as an alternative pathway for CD40L-mediated inflammation. This novel mechanism expands understanding of inflammatory signaling during atherogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/chemistry
- Aorta, Thoracic/pathology
- Aortic Diseases/etiology
- Aortic Diseases/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/etiology
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/physiopathology
- Atherosclerosis/prevention & control
- CD40 Ligand/deficiency
- CD40 Ligand/physiology
- CHO Cells
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/physiology
- Cholesterol, Dietary/toxicity
- Cricetinae
- Cricetulus
- Crosses, Genetic
- Diet, Atherogenic
- Foam Cells/pathology
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Humans
- Inflammation/etiology
- Inflammation/genetics
- Inflammation/physiopathology
- Lipids/analysis
- Macrophage-1 Antigen/physiology
- Macrophages/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Models, Biological
- Monocytes/drug effects
- Monocytes/enzymology
- Peritonitis/chemically induced
- Peritonitis/metabolism
- Peritonitis/pathology
- Peroxidase/metabolism
- Receptors, LDL/deficiency
- Receptors, LDL/genetics
- Rheology
- Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Zirlik
- Donald W. Reynolds Center, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Jonsson EW, Palmberg L. Differential Pattern of Human Blood Neutrophil Activation After Stimulation With Organic Dust in Vitro and in Vivo. J Occup Environ Med 2007; 49:131-8. [PMID: 17293754 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0b013e31802f3c4a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study activation of blood neutrophils in subjects after in vitro and in vivo stimulation. METHODS Blood from healthy volunteers was collected before and after their exposure to organic dust in a pig farm. Surface markers of neutrophil activation were analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS In vivo, there was a diurnal variation in basal levels of CD11b. Swine dust exposure increased the number of blood neutrophils and the levels of myeloperoxidase without effects on CD11b or Cys-X-Cys receptor 1 (CXCR-1) expression. However, a positive correlation between changes of myeloperoxidase and CD11b expression was observed. In vitro, N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), leukotriene (LT)B4, LTD4, and swine dust stimulated the expression of CD11b. fMLP, LPS, and LTB4 diminished the expression of CXCR-1. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to swine dust in vitro activated neutrophils and inhalation of swine dust caused neutrophilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Wikström Jonsson
- Department of Medicine KS/KI, Clinical Pharmacology Unit, and Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Nasu-Tada K, Koizumi S, Inoue K. Involvement of beta1 integrin in microglial chemotaxis and proliferation on fibronectin: different regulations by ADP through PKA. Glia 2005; 52:98-107. [PMID: 15920726 DOI: 10.1002/glia.20224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Microglia are immune cells in the brain; their activation, migration, and proliferation have pivotal roles in brain injuries and diseases. Microglia are known to attach firmly to fibronectin, the upregulation of which is associated with several pathological conditions in the CNS, through beta1 integrin and become activated. Extracellular nucleotides can serve as potent signaling molecules. Recently, ATP and ADP were revealed to possess chemoattractive properties to microglia via Gi-coupled P2Y receptors. In the present study, we report that the ADP-induced chemotaxis of microglia is mediated by P2Y12/13 receptors and is beta1 integrin-dependent in the presence of fibronectin. Signals from P2Y12/13 receptors also cause beta1 integrin translocation to the membrane ruffle regions, but this redistribution was lost when the intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) was increased by forskolin or dibutyryl cAMP. This inhibitory effect of cAMP-elevating agents did not appear when microglia were co-incubated with a protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor, KT-5720, suggesting that PKA is a negative regulator of the beta1 integrin translocation. We also show that the engagement of beta1 integrin enhanced microglial proliferation. Signals from P2Y12/13 receptors attenuated the proliferation, whereas ADP itself had no effect on microglial growth. Furthermore, beta1 integrin-induced proliferation is positively regulated by the cAMP-dependent PKA. Together, these results indicate the involvement of beta1 integrin in microglial proliferation and chemotaxis, both of which have clinical importance. The data also suggest that PKA is inversely involved in these two cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Nasu-Tada
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
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Huy NT, Trang DTX, Kariu T, Sasai M, Saida K, Harada S, Kamei K. Leukocyte activation by malarial pigment. Parasitol Int 2005; 55:75-81. [PMID: 16316776 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2005.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2005] [Accepted: 10/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Malarial pigment, a unique hemozoin crystal composed of unit cells of heme dimers, is present in large amounts in circulating monocytes and neutrophils and can persist unchanged in macrophages for several months. In the present study, we investigated the effect of hemozoin not only on macrophages, but also on neutrophils. We used beta-hematin (BH), a chemically synthetic crystal structurally identical to hemozoin, for these studies. In vitro, BH up-regulated the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in whole blood and in isolated peritoneal macrophages, indicating that hemozoin is able to stimulate monocytes. BH stimulated murine peritoneal neutrophils to express macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2), a homologue of human interleukin-8 that is used as a marker of neutrophil activation. Injecting BH into the peritoneal cavity resulted in a dose-dependent migration of neutrophils and a high level of myeloperoxidase activity of peritoneal cells. Finally, BH directly induced neutrophil chemotaxis in vitro. Taken together, these results suggest that the malarial pigment hemozoin can activate leukocytes and may participate in the pathology of severe malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Tien Huy
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
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Nakamichi I, Habtezion A, Zhong B, Contag CH, Butcher EC, Omary MB. Hemin-activated macrophages home to the pancreas and protect from acute pancreatitis via heme oxygenase-1 induction. J Clin Invest 2005; 115:3007-14. [PMID: 16239966 PMCID: PMC1257535 DOI: 10.1172/jci24912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2005] [Accepted: 08/23/2005] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemin upregulates heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a stress-induced enzyme implicated in protection from a variety of injuries while its related isoform HO-2 is constitutively expressed. The role of hemin or HO-1 in the pancreas and their potential modulation of pancreatic injury are unknown. We show that HO-1 is induced in pancreatitis caused by caerulein and more prominently in severe pancreatitis caused by feeding a choline-deficient diet (CDD). Intraperitoneal hemin administration dramatically increases peritoneal and pancreas macrophages that overexpress HO-1 in association with pancreatic induction of the chemoattractants monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha but not RANTES or macrophage inflammatory protein-2. Hemin administration before CDD feeding protected 8 of 8 mice from lethality while 7 of 16 controls died. Protection is mediated by HO-1-overexpressing macrophages since hemin-primed macrophages home to the pancreas after transfer to naive mice and protect from CDD-induced pancreatitis. Suppression of hemin-primed peritoneal cell HO-1 using HO-1-specific small interfering RNA prior to cell transfer abolishes protection from CDD-induced pancreatitis. Similarly, hemin pretreatment in caerulein-induced pancreatitis reduces serum amylase and lipase, decreases pancreatic trypsin generation, and protects from lung injury. Therefore, hemin-like compounds or hemin-activated macrophages may offer novel therapeutic approaches for preventing acute pancreatitis and its pulmonary complication via upregulation of HO-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuo Nakamichi
- Department of Medicine, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
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43
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Liu Z, Zhao M, Li N, Diaz LA, Mayadas TN. Differential roles for beta2 integrins in experimental autoimmune bullous pemphigoid. Blood 2005; 107:1063-9. [PMID: 16234355 PMCID: PMC1895905 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2005-08-3123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune disease associated with autoantibodies directed against the hemidesmosomal antigens anti-BP230 and anti-B180. Neonatal mice injected with rabbit anti-mouse BP180 (mBP10) IgG develop a BP-like disease. Complement, immune complexes, mast cells, and neutrophils play a key role in subepidermal blistering in this animal model. In this study we investigated the role of beta2 integrins in experimental BP. Wild-type (WT) mice pretreated with neutralizing antibody against CD11a (LFA-1), CD11b (Mac-1), CD11a plus CD11b, or CD18 alone failed to develop BP when injected with pathogenic anti-mBP180 IgG. This was associated with a significant reduction in neutrophil accumulation in neutralizing antibody-treated mice. Mac-1-deficient (Mac-1 knockout [KO]) mice were resistant to experimental BP despite normal complement deposition and mast cell and neutrophil degranulation. Neutrophil infiltration in Mac-1 KO mice was severely impaired at 24 hours. However, more neutrophils accumulated in the skin of Mac-1 KO mice compared with WT mice at early time points (2-4 hours), which was associated with an increase in their survival as determined by apoptosis markers. These data suggest that beta2 integrins play differential roles in experimental BP: LFA-1 is required for neutrophil recruitment, while Mac-1 mediates late neutrophil accumulation and apoptosis of infiltrating neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Liu
- Department of Dermatology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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44
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Peters T, Sindrilaru A, Hinz B, Hinrichs R, Menke A, Al-Azzeh EAD, Holzwarth K, Oreshkova T, Wang H, Kess D, Walzog B, Sulyok S, Sunderkötter C, Friedrich W, Wlaschek M, Krieg T, Scharffetter-Kochanek K. Wound-healing defect of CD18(-/-) mice due to a decrease in TGF-beta1 and myofibroblast differentiation. EMBO J 2005; 24:3400-10. [PMID: 16148944 PMCID: PMC1276170 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7600809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2004] [Accepted: 08/19/2005] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied the mechanisms underlying the severely impaired wound healing associated with human leukocyte-adhesion deficiency syndrome-1 (LAD1) using a murine disease model. In CD18(-/-) mice, healing of full-thickness wounds was severely delayed during granulation-tissue contraction, a phase where myofibroblasts play a major role. Interestingly, expression levels of myofibroblast markers alpha-smooth muscle actin and ED-A fibronectin were substantially reduced in wounds of CD18(-/-) mice, suggesting an impaired myofibroblast differentiation. TGF-beta signalling was clearly involved since TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta receptor type-II protein levels were decreased, while TGF-beta(1) injections into wound margins fully re-established wound closure. Since, in CD18(-/-) mice, defective migration leads to a severe reduction of neutrophils in wounds, infiltrating macrophages might not phagocytose apoptotic CD18(-/-) neutrophils. Macrophages would thus be lacking their main stimulus to secrete TGF-beta1. Indeed, in neutrophil-macrophage cocultures, lack of CD18 on either cell type leads to dramatically reduced TGF-beta1 release by macrophages due to defective adhesion to, and subsequent impaired phagocytic clearance of, neutrophils. Our data demonstrates that the paracrine secretion of growth factors is essential for cellular differentiation in wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Peters
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anca Sindrilaru
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Boris Hinz
- Laboratory of Cell Biophysics, École Polytechnique Féderale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ralf Hinrichs
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - André Menke
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ezz Al Din Al-Azzeh
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Katrin Holzwarth
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tsvetelina Oreshkova
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Honglin Wang
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Daniel Kess
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Barbara Walzog
- Department of Physiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Silke Sulyok
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Cord Sunderkötter
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Meinhard Wlaschek
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Krieg
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Karin Scharffetter-Kochanek
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, Maienweg 12, 89081 Ulm, Germany. Tel.:+49 731 500 21801; Fax: +49 731 500 21870; E-mail:
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45
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Pluskota E, Stenina OI, Krukovets I, Szpak D, Topol EJ, Plow EF. Mechanism and effect of thrombospondin-4 polymorphisms on neutrophil function. Blood 2005; 106:3970-8. [PMID: 16099885 PMCID: PMC1895095 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2005-03-1292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
High-throughput genomic technology identified an association between a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), a proline (P387) rather than the predominant alanine (A387) at position 387 in thrombospondin-4 (TSP-4) and premature myocardial infarction. The inflammatory hypothesis of atherosclerosis invokes a prominent role of leukocytes and cytokines in pathogenesis. As the expression of TSP-4 by vascular cells permits its exposure to circulating leukocytes, the interactions of human neutrophils (polymorphonuclear leukocytes [PMNs]) with both TSP-4 variants were investigated. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-stimulated PMNs adhered and migrated well and equally on the TSP-4 variants. Integrin alpha(M)beta2 was identified as the TSP-4 receptor mediating these responses, and the 3 epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domains of TSP-4 harboring the SNPs interacted with the alpha(M)I-domain. Despite the similarity in these responses, the P387 variant induced more robust tyrosine phosphorylation of the stress-related mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs): p38MAPK and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), as well as signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT1) and heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) than the A387 variant. Additionally, cells adherent to P387 TSP-4 variant released 4-fold more H2O2 and secreted 2-fold more interleukin 8 (IL-8) as compared with the A387. H2O2 release and p38MAPK activation were totally inhibited by blockade of alpha(M)beta2. Thus, alpha(M)beta2 plays a central role in proinflammatory activities of TSP-4 (P387) and may contribute to the prothrombotic phenotype associated with this variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Pluskota
- Joseph J. Jacobs Center for Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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46
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Barlow SC, Langston W, Matthews KM, Chidlow JH, Kevil CG. CD18 deficiency protects against multiple low-dose streptozotocin-induced diabetes. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2005; 165:1849-52. [PMID: 15579429 PMCID: PMC1618720 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)63237-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Leukocyte recruitment into pancreatic islets is believed to play an important pathophysiological role in autoimmune diabetes. Previous reports have suggested that several different adhesion molecules may be involved in leukocyte recruitment during autoimmune diabetes, including members of the leukocyte beta(2) integrins. Here we report that a gene-targeted deficiency of the beta(2) integrin, CD18, protects against multiple low-dose streptozotocin-induced autoimmune diabetes. CD18 null mice displayed lower blood glucose values throughout the study, with only 10% of these mice eventually developing diabetes compared to 95% in the control group. Importantly, the development of insulitis was markedly absent in the CD18 null mice, suggesting that members of this integrin subfamily predominately regulate leukocyte infiltration into pancreatic islets. This study demonstrates that the beta(2) integrins play a key pathophysiological role in the development of multiple low-dose streptozotocin-induced autoimmune diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayne C Barlow
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana 71130, USA
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47
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Inoue KI, Takano H, Shimada A, Yanagisawa R, Sakurai M, Yoshino S, Sato H, Yoshikawa T. Urinary trypsin inhibitor protects against systemic inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide. Mol Pharmacol 2004; 67:673-80. [PMID: 15576631 DOI: 10.1124/mol.104.005967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary trypsin inhibitor (UTI), a serine protease inhibitor, has been widely used as a drug for patients with acute inflammatory disorders such as disseminated intravascular coagulation, shock, and pancreatitis in Japan. Recent studies have demonstrated that serine protease inhibitors may play an anti-inflammatory role beyond merely an inhibitory action on neutrophil elastase at the site of inflammation at least in vitro. To clarify the direct contributions of UTI to inflammatory condition in vivo, we analyzed its roles in experimental systemic inflammatory response induced by intraperitoneal administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) using UTI deficient (-/-) mice and corresponding wild-type (WT) mice. After LPS (1 mg/kg) challenge, UTI (-/-) mice revealed a significant elevation of plasma fibrinogen and fibrinogen/fibrin degradation products and a decrease in white blood cell counts compared with WT mice. LPS treatment induced more severe neutrophilic inflammation in the lung and the kidney obtained from UTI (-/-) mice than in those from WT mice, which was confirmed by histological examination. The protein levels of proinflammatory mediators, such as macrophage chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 in the lungs, MCP-1 and keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC) in the kidneys, and interleukin-1beta, macrophage inflammatory protein-2, MCP-1, and KC in the liver, were significantly greater in UTI (-/-) mice than in WT mice after LPS challenge. Our results suggest that UTI protects against systemic inflammatory response and subsequent organ injury induced by bacterial endotoxin, at least partly through the inhibition of the enhanced expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichiro Inoue
- Inhalation Toxicology and Pathophysiology Research Team, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
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48
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Yost CC, Denis MM, Lindemann S, Rubner FJ, Marathe GK, Buerke M, McIntyre TM, Weyrich AS, Zimmerman GA. Activated polymorphonuclear leukocytes rapidly synthesize retinoic acid receptor-alpha: a mechanism for translational control of transcriptional events. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 200:671-80. [PMID: 15337793 PMCID: PMC2212748 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20040224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
In addition to releasing preformed granular proteins, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) synthesize chemokines and other factors under transcriptional control. Here we demonstrate that PMNs express an inducible transcriptional modulator by signal-dependent activation of specialized mechanisms that regulate messenger RNA (mRNA) translation. HL-60 myelocytic cells differentiated to surrogate PMNs respond to activation by platelet activating factor by initiating translation and with appearance of specific mRNA transcripts in polyribosomes. cDNA array analysis of the polyribosome fraction demonstrated that retinoic acid receptor (RAR)-alpha, a transcription factor that controls the expression of multiple genes, is one of the polyribosome-associated transcripts. Quiescent surrogate HL60 PMNs and primary human PMNs contain constitutive message for RAR-alpha but little or no protein. RAR-alpha protein is rapidly synthesized in response to platelet activating factor under the control of a specialized translational regulator, mammalian target of rapamycin, and is blocked by the therapeutic macrolide rapamycin, events consistent with features of the 5' untranslated region of the transcript. Newly synthesized RAR-alpha modulates production of interleukin-8. Rapid expression of a transcription factor under translational control is a previously unrecognized mechanism in human PMNs that indicates unexpected diversity in gene regulation in this critical innate immune effector cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian C Yost
- Department of Pediatrics, Eccles Institute of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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49
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Tuluc F, Garcia A, Bredetean O, Meshki J, Kunapuli SP. Primary granule release from human neutrophils is potentiated by soluble fibrinogen through a mechanism depending on multiple intracellular signaling pathways. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2004; 287:C1264-72. [PMID: 15229106 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00177.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
N-Formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) is a potent activator of neutrophil degranulation. The intracellular signaling mechanisms involved in the potentiating effect of fibrinogen on fMLP-induced primary granule release from human neutrophils were investigated. Fibrinogen caused a significant leftward shift of the concentration-response curve of fMLP-induced elastase release. An antibody against Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18) prevented the potentiating effect of fibrinogen, suggesting that soluble fibrinogen potentiates fMLP-induced degranulating effect by a mechanism mediated by the integrin Mac-1. Fibrinogen enhanced fMLP-induced tyrosine phosphorylation in human neutrophils and markedly enhanced the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) caused by fMLP. However, U0126, an inhibitor of p44/42 MAPK activation, or SB-203580, an inhibitor of p38 MAPK, did not alter the effect of fibrinogen on fMLP-induced elastase release. Wortmannin, a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) kinase inhibitor, and genistein, a nonspecific tyrosine kinase inhibitor, strongly inhibited fMLP-induced elastase release both in the presence and in the absence of fibrinogen. An Akt/PKB inhibitor failed to alter the potentiating effect of fibrinogen, suggesting that the effect of fibrinogen is mediated by Akt-independent pathways. Go6976, an inhibitor of classical PKC isoforms, caused a significant inhibition of fMLP-induced elastase release in the presence or absence of fibrinogen, while nonselective inhibitors of PKC, Ro 31-8220, GF-109203X, and staurosporine, caused potentiation of fMLP-induced elastase release. We conclude that fibrinogen potentiation of primary granule release induced by fMLP is mediated by the integrin CD11b/CD18 through pathways dependent on PI3K and tyrosine kinases, but other regulatory mechanisms may be also involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florin Tuluc
- Department of Physiology, Temple University Medical School, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, USA
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50
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Ninomiya M, Kiyoi H, Ito M, Hirose Y, Ito M, Naoe T. Retinoic acid syndrome in NOD/scid mice induced by injecting an acute promyelocytic leukemia cell line. Leukemia 2004; 18:442-8. [PMID: 14749706 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2403284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) induces complete remission in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). However, ATRA sometimes causes retinoic acid syndrome (RAS) characterized by respiratory distress, pleural effusions, fever and weight gain. To investigate the pathophysiology of RAS, we generated an animal model by injecting an APL cell line, NB4, into immunodeficient mice. When NOD/scid mice were injected intravenously with fully differentiated NB4 cells (1 x 10(7)) and then given a daily administration of ATRA, three of 12 mice died of pulmonary edema within 14 days. Pathologically, dilated lung capillary vessels and alveolar effusions were observed. After the injection, NB4 cells were detected in the lung within 2 days and in the pleural effusion later on. The gene expression levels of CXC chemokines (MIP-2 and KC) and ICAM-1 were increased in the lung and heart by the ATRA administration. In immunohistochemical analyses, MIP-2 was clearly detected in alveolar macrophages of the lung in mice with RAS. Dexamethasone treatment prevented the development of RAS and decreased the CXC chemokine mRNA expression in the lung. These findings suggested that the activation of adhesion molecules for leukocytes and expression of CXC chemokines in the lung are closely involved in triggering RAS.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Chemokines, CXC/genetics
- Chemokines, CXC/metabolism
- Doxorubicin/therapeutic use
- Heart/drug effects
- Heart/physiology
- Humans
- Injections, Intravenous
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/pathology
- Lung/drug effects
- Lung/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/drug effects
- Pulmonary Edema/etiology
- Remission Induction
- Syndrome
- Tretinoin/administration & dosage
- Tretinoin/adverse effects
- Tretinoin/pharmacology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ninomiya
- Department of Hematology, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
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