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Xu J, He C, Cai Y, Wang X, Yan J, Zhang J, Zhang F, Urbonaviciute V, Cheng Y, Lu S, Holmdahl R. NCF4 regulates antigen presentation of cysteine peptides by intracellular oxidative response and restricts activation of autoreactive and arthritogenic T cells. Redox Biol 2024; 72:103132. [PMID: 38547647 PMCID: PMC11096609 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematous, are regulated by polymorphisms in genes contributing to the NOX2 complex. Mutations in both Ncf1 and Ncf4 affect development of arthritis in experimental models of RA, but the different regulatory pathways mediated by NOX2-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) have not yet been clarified. Here we address the possibility that intracellular ROS, regulated by the NCF4 protein (earlier often denoted p40phox) which interacts with endosomal membranes, could play an important role in the oxidation of cysteine peptides in mononuclear phagocytic cells, thereby regulating antigen presentation and activation of arthritogenic T cells. To study the role of NCF4 we used mice with an amino acid replacing mutation (NCF4R58A), which is known to affect interaction with endosomal membranes, leading to decreased intracellular ROS production. To study the impact of NCF4 on T cell activation, we used the glucose phosphate isomerase peptide GPI325-339, which contains two cysteine residues (325-339c-c). Macrophages from mice with the NCF458A mutation efficiently presented the peptide when the two cysteines were intact and not crosslinked, leading to a strong arthritogenic T cell response. T cell priming occurred in the draining lymph nodes (LNs) within 8 days after immunization. Clodronate treatment, which depletes antigen-presenting mononuclear phagocytes, ameliorated arthritis severity, whereas treatment with FYT720, which traps activated T cells in LNs, prohibited arthritis. We conclude that NCF4-dependent intracellular ROS maintains cysteine peptides in an oxidized crosslinked state, which prevents presentation of peptides recognized by non-tolerized T cells and thereby protects against autoimmune arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- National Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, and Department of Rheumatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, PR China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China; Medical Inflammation Research, Division of Immunology, Dept. of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chang He
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China; Medical Inflammation Research, Division of Immunology, Dept. of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University Schoole of Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yongsong Cai
- Department of Joint Surgery, Xi'an Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Xipeng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Jidong Yan
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 710061, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Fujun Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Vilma Urbonaviciute
- Medical Inflammation Research, Division of Immunology, Dept. of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yuanyuan Cheng
- National Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, and Department of Rheumatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, PR China
| | - Shemin Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Rikard Holmdahl
- National Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, and Department of Rheumatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, PR China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China; Medical Inflammation Research, Division of Immunology, Dept. of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Fisher AB, Zani B, Han T, Dodia C, Melidone R, Keller S. Decreased LPS-induced lung injury in pigs treated with a lung surfactant protein A-derived nonapeptide that inhibits peroxiredoxin 6 activity and subsequent NOX1,2 activation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2024; 326:L458-L467. [PMID: 38349117 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00325.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study addressed the efficacy of a liposome-encapsulated nine amino acid peptide [peroxiredoxin 6 PLA2 inhibitory peptide-2 (PIP-2)] for the prevention or treatment of acute lung injury (ALI) +/- sepsis. PIP-2 inhibits the PLA2 activity of peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6), thereby preventing rac release and activation of NADPH oxidases (NOXes), types 1 and 2. Female Yorkshire pigs were infused intravenously with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) + liposomes (untreated) or LPS + PIP-2 encapsulated in liposomes (treated). Pigs were mechanically ventilated and continuously monitored; they were euthanized after 8 h or earlier if preestablished humane endpoints were reached. Control pigs (mechanical ventilation, no LPS) were essentially unchanged over the 8 h study. LPS administration resulted in systemic inflammation with manifestations of clinical sepsis-like syndrome, decreased lung compliance, and a marked decrease in the arterial Po2 with vascular instability leading to early euthanasia of 50% of untreated animals. PIP-2 treatment significantly reduced the requirement for supportive vasopressors and the manifestations of lung injury so that only 25% of animals required early euthanasia. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from PIP-2-treated versus untreated pigs showed markedly lower levels of total protein, cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β), and myeloperoxidase. Thus, the porcine LPS-induced sepsis-like model was associated with moderate to severe lung pathophysiology compatible with ALI, whereas treatment with PIP-2 markedly decreased lung injury, cardiovascular instability, and early euthanasia. These results indicate that inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production via NOX1/2 has a beneficial effect in treating pigs with LPS-induced ALI plus or minus a sepsis-like syndrome, suggesting a potential role for PIP-2 in the treatment of ALI and/or sepsis in humans.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Currently available treatments that can alter lung inflammation have failed to significantly alter mortality of acute lung injury (ALI). Peroxiredoxin 6 PLA2 inhibitory peptide-2 (PIP-2) targets the liberation of reactive O2 species (ROS) that is associated with adverse cell signaling events, thereby decreasing the tissue oxidative injury that occurs early in the ALI syndrome. We propose that treatment with PIP-2 may be effective in preventing progression of early disease into its later stages with irreversible lung damage and relatively high mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aron B Fisher
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- Peroxitech, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Brett Zani
- CBSET, Inc., Lexington, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Thomas Han
- Peroxitech, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Chandra Dodia
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | | | - Steven Keller
- CBSET, Inc., Lexington, Massachusetts, United States
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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ROCK2 interacts with p22phox to phosphorylate p47phox and to control NADPH oxidase activation in human monocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2209184120. [PMID: 36626553 PMCID: PMC9934299 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2209184120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocytes play a key role in innate immunity by eliminating pathogens, releasing high levels of cytokines, and differentiating into several cell types, including macrophages and dendritic cells. Similar to other phagocytes, monocytes produce superoxide anions through the NADPH oxidase complex, which is composed of two membrane proteins (p22phox and gp91phox/NOX2) and four cytosolic proteins (p47phox, p67phox, p40phox and Rac1). The pathways involved in NADPH oxidase activation in monocytes are less known than those in neutrophils. Here, we show that p22phox is associated with Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase 2 (ROCK2) in human monocytes but not neutrophils. This interaction occurs between the cytosolic region of p22phox (amino acids 132 to 195) and the coiled-coil region of ROCK2 (amino acids 400 to 967). Interestingly, ROCK2 does not phosphorylate p22phox, p40phox, p67phox, or gp91phox in vitro but phosphorylates p47phox on Ser304, Ser315, Ser320 and Ser328. Furthermore, KD025, a selective inhibitor of ROCK2, inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and p47phox phosphorylation in monocytes. Specific inhibition of ROCK2 expression in THP1-monocytic cell line by siRNA inhibited ROS production. These data show that ROCK2 interacts with p22phox and phosphorylates p47phox, and suggest that p22phox could be a shuttle for ROCK2 to allow p47phox phosphorylation and NADPH oxidase activation in human monocytes.
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Damascena HL, Silveira WAA, Castro MS, Fontes W. Neutrophil Activated by the Famous and Potent PMA (Phorbol Myristate Acetate). Cells 2022; 11:cells11182889. [PMID: 36139464 PMCID: PMC9496763 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This review will briefly outline the major signaling pathways in PMA-activated neutrophils. PMA is widely used to understand neutrophil pathways and formation of NETs. PMA activates PKC; however, we highlight some isoforms that contribute to specific functions. PKC α, β and δ contribute to ROS production while PKC βII and PKC ζ are involved in cytoskeleton remodeling. Actin polymerization is important for the chemotaxis of neutrophils and its remodeling is connected to ROS balance. We suggest that, although ROS and production of NETs are usually observed together in PMA-activated neutrophils, there might be a regulatory mechanism balancing both. Interestingly, we suggest that serine proteases might determine the PAD4 action. PAD4 could be responsible for the activation of the NF-κB pathway that leads to IL-1β release, triggering the cleavage of gasdermin D by serine proteases such as elastase, leading to pore formation contributing to release of NETs. On the other hand, when serine proteases are inhibited, NETs are formed by citrullination through the PAD4 pathway. This review puts together results from the last 31 years of research on the effects of PMA on the neutrophil and proposes new insights on their interpretation.
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Ryder LS, Cruz-Mireles N, Molinari C, Eisermann I, Eseola AB, Talbot NJ. The appressorium at a glance. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:276040. [PMID: 35856284 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Many plant pathogenic fungi have the capacity to infect their plant hosts using specialised cells called appressoria. These structures act as a gateway between the fungus and host, allowing entry to internal tissues. Appressoria apply enormous physical force to rupture the plant surface, or use a battery of enzymes to digest the cuticle and plant cell wall. Appressoria also facilitate focal secretion of effectors at the point of plant infection to suppress plant immunity. These infection cells develop in response to the physical characteristics of the leaf surface, starvation stress and signals from the plant. Appressorium morphogenesis has been linked to septin-mediated reorganisation of F-actin and microtubule networks of the cytoskeleton, and remodelling of the fungal cell wall. In this Cell Science at a Glance and accompanying poster, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of appressorium-mediated infection, and compare development on the leaf surface to the biology of invasive growth by pathogenic fungi. Finally, we outline key gaps in our current knowledge of appressorium cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren S Ryder
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Neftaly Cruz-Mireles
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Camilla Molinari
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Iris Eisermann
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Alice B Eseola
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Nicholas J Talbot
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
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Paclet MH, Laurans S, Dupré-Crochet S. Regulation of Neutrophil NADPH Oxidase, NOX2: A Crucial Effector in Neutrophil Phenotype and Function. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:945749. [PMID: 35912108 PMCID: PMC9329797 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.945749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), produced by the phagocyte NADPH oxidase, NOX2, are involved in many leukocyte functions. An excessive or inappropriate ROS production can lead to oxidative stress and tissue damage. On the other hand, an absence of ROS production due to a lack of a functional NADPH oxidase is associated with recurrent infections as well as inflammation disorders. Thus, it is clear that the enzyme NADPH oxidase must be tightly regulated. The NOX2 complex bears both membrane and cytosolic subunits. The membrane subunits constitute the flavocytochrome b558, consisting of gp91phox (Nox2) and p22phox subunits. The cytosolic subunits form a complex in resting cells and are made of three subunits (p47phox, p40phox, p67phox). Upon leukocyte stimulation, the cytosolic subunits and the small GTPase Rac assemble with the flavocytochrome b558 in order to make a functional complex. Depending on the stimulus, the NADPH oxidase can assemble either at the phagosomal membrane or at the plasma membrane. Many studies have explored NOX2 activation; however, how this activation is sustained and regulated is still not completely clear. Here we review the multiple roles of NOX2 in neutrophil functions, with a focus on description of its components and their assembly mechanisms. We then explain the role of energy metabolism and phosphoinositides in regulating NADPH oxidase activity. In particular, we discuss: 1) the link between metabolic pathways and NOX2 activity regulation through neutrophil activation and the level of released ROS, and 2) the role of membrane phosphoinositides in controlling the duration of NOX2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Hélène Paclet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC, T-RAIG, Grenoble, France
| | - Salomé Laurans
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 8000, Institut de Chimie Physique, Orsay, France
| | - Sophie Dupré-Crochet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 8000, Institut de Chimie Physique, Orsay, France
- *Correspondence: Sophie Dupré-Crochet,
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Cung T, Wang H, Hartnett ME. The Effects of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NADPH) Oxidase and Erythropoietin, and Their Interactions in Angiogenesis: Implications in Retinopathy of Prematurity. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121951. [PMID: 35741081 PMCID: PMC9222209 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a leading cause of vision impairment and blindness in premature infants. Oxidative stress is implicated in its pathophysiology. NADPH oxidase (NOX), a major enzyme responsible for reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in endothelial cells, has been studied for its involvement in physiologic and pathologic angiogenesis. Erythropoietin (EPO) has gained interest recently due to its tissue protective and angiogenic effects, and it has been shown to act as an antioxidant. In this review, we summarize studies performed over the last five years regarding the role of various NOXs in physiologic and pathologic angiogenesis. We also discuss the effect of EPO in tissue and vasoprotection, and the intersection of EPO and NOX-mediated oxidative stress in angiogenesis and the pathophysiology of ROP.
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Guo CL. Self-Sustained Regulation or Self-Perpetuating Dysregulation: ROS-dependent HIF-YAP-Notch Signaling as a Double-Edged Sword on Stem Cell Physiology and Tumorigenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:862791. [PMID: 35774228 PMCID: PMC9237464 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.862791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Organ development, homeostasis, and repair often rely on bidirectional, self-organized cell-niche interactions, through which cells select cell fate, such as stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. The niche contains multiplexed chemical and mechanical factors. How cells interpret niche structural information such as the 3D topology of organs and integrate with multiplexed mechano-chemical signals is an open and active research field. Among all the niche factors, reactive oxygen species (ROS) have recently gained growing interest. Once considered harmful, ROS are now recognized as an important niche factor in the regulation of tissue mechanics and topology through, for example, the HIF-YAP-Notch signaling pathways. These pathways are not only involved in the regulation of stem cell physiology but also associated with inflammation, neurological disorder, aging, tumorigenesis, and the regulation of the immune checkpoint molecule PD-L1. Positive feedback circuits have been identified in the interplay of ROS and HIF-YAP-Notch signaling, leading to the possibility that under aberrant conditions, self-organized, ROS-dependent physiological regulations can be switched to self-perpetuating dysregulation, making ROS a double-edged sword at the interface of stem cell physiology and tumorigenesis. In this review, we discuss the recent findings on how ROS and tissue mechanics affect YAP-HIF-Notch-PD-L1 signaling, hoping that the knowledge can be used to design strategies for stem cell-based and ROS-targeting therapy and tissue engineering.
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Impaired p47phox phosphorylation in neutrophils from patients with p67phox-deficient chronic granulomatous disease. Blood 2022; 139:2512-2522. [PMID: 35108370 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021011134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Superoxide production by the phagocyte reduced NAD phosphate (NADPH) oxidase is essential for innate immunity as shown in chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), an immunodeficiency disease resulting from mutations in 1 of its genes. The NADPH oxidase is composed of 2 membrane proteins (gp91phox/NOX2 and p22phox) and 4 cytosolic proteins (p47phox, p67phox, p40phox, and Rac1/2). The phosphorylation of p47phox is required for NADPH oxidase activation in cells. As p47phox and p67phox can form a tight complex in cells, we hypothesized that p67phox could regulate p47phox phosphorylation. To investigate this hypothesis, we used phospho-specific antibodies against 5 major p47phox-phosphorylated sites (Ser304, Ser315, Ser320, Ser328, and Ser345) and neutrophils from healthy donors and from p67phox-/- CGD patients. Results showed that formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine and phorbol myristate acetate induced a time- and a concentration-dependent phosphorylation of p47phox on Ser304, Ser315, Ser320, and Ser328 in healthy human neutrophils. Interestingly, in neutrophils and Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B lymphocytes from p67phox-/- CGD patients, phosphorylation of p47phox on serine residues was dramatically reduced. In COSphox cells, the presence of p67phox led to increased phosphorylation of p47phox. In vitro studies showed that recombinant p47phox was phosphorylated on Ser304, Ser315, Ser320, and Ser328 by different PKC isoforms and the addition of recombinant p67phox alone or in combination with p40phox potentiated this process. Thus, p67phox and p40phox are required for optimal p47phox phosphorylation on Ser304, Ser315, Ser320, and Ser328 in intact cells. Therefore, p67phox and p40phox are novel regulators of p47phox-phosphorylation.
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Filina Y, Gabdoulkhakova A, Rizvanov A, Safronova V. MAP kinases in regulation of NOX activity stimulated through two types of formyl peptide receptors in murine bone marrow granulocytes. Cell Signal 2021; 90:110205. [PMID: 34826588 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The functional activity of the phagocytes, as well as the development and resolution of the inflammation, is determined by formylpeptide receptors (FPRs) signaling. There is a growing data on the signaling pathways from two major types of formylpeptide receptors, FPR1 and FPR2, which could be activated by different sets of ligands to provide certain defense functions. Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the membrane enzyme NADPH oxidase is the most important among them. One of the most studied and significant mechanism for the regulation of activity of NADPH oxidase is phosphorylation by a variety of kinases, including MAP kinases. The question arose whether the role of MAPKs differ in the activation of NADPH oxidase through FPR1 and FPR2. We have studied Fpr1- and Fpr2-induced phosphorylation of p38, ERK, and JNK kinases and their role in the activation of the respiratory burst in isolated mice bone marrow granulocytes. Data has shown distinct patterns of MAP kinase activity for Fpr1 and Fpr2: JNK was involved in both Fpr1 and Fpr2 mediated activation of ROS production, while p38 MAPK and ERK were involved in Fpr1 induced ROS generation only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Filina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation.
| | - Aida Gabdoulkhakova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation; Kazan State Medical Academy, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Further Professional Education "Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education" of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Albert Rizvanov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Valentina Safronova
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russian Federation
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Li P, Zhao L, Qi F, Htwe NMPS, Li Q, Zhang D, Lin F, Shang-Guan K, Liang Y. The receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase RIPK regulates broad-spectrum ROS signaling in multiple layers of plant immune system. MOLECULAR PLANT 2021; 14:1652-1667. [PMID: 34129947 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via the activity of respiratory burst oxidase homologs (RBOHs) plays a vital role in multiple layers of the plant immune system, including pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity (PTI), damage-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity (DTI), effector-triggered immunity (ETI), and systemic acquired resistance (SAR). It is generally established that RBOHD is activated by different receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCKs) in response to various immune elicitors. In this study, we showed that RPM1-INDUCED PROTEIN KINASE (RIPK), an RLCK VII subfamily member, contributes to ROS production in multiple layers of plant immune system. The ripk mutants showed reduced ROS production in response to treatment with all examined immune elicitors that trigger PTI, DTI, ETI, and SAR. We found that RIPK can directly phosphorylate the N-terminal region of RBOHD in vitro, and the levels of phosphorylated S343/S347 residues of RBOHD are sigfniciantly lower in ripk mutants compared with the wild type upon treatment with all tested immune elicitors. We further demonstrated that phosphorylation of RIPK is required for its function in regulating RBOHD-mediated ROS production. Similar to rbohd, ripk mutants showed reduced stomatal closure and impaired SAR, and were susceptible to the necrotrophic bacterium Pectobacterium carotovorum. Collectively, our results indicate that RIPK regulates broad-spectrum RBOHD-mediated ROS signaling during PTI, DTI, ETI, and SAR, leading to subsequent RBOHD-dependent immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lulu Zhao
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fan Qi
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Nang Myint Phyu Sin Htwe
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qiuying Li
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fucheng Lin
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Keke Shang-Guan
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Prolyl-Isomerase Pin1 Controls Key fMLP-Induced Neutrophil Functions. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091130. [PMID: 34572316 PMCID: PMC8472638 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are key cells of the innate immune and inflammatory responses. They are the first blood cells to migrate to the infection site where they release high amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and several peptides and enzymes required for microbial killing. However, excessive neutrophil activation can induce tissue injury participating in inflammation, thus the characterization of the enzymes involved in neutrophil activation could help to identify new pharmacological targets to treat inflammation. The prolyl-isomerase Pin1 is a ubiquitous enzyme involved in several functions, however, its role in neutrophil functions is less known. In this study, we show that the bacterial peptide N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP or fMLF), a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) agonist-induced Pin1 activation in human neutrophils. PiB and juglone, two Pin1 inhibitors inhibited Pin1 activity in neutrophils and consequently inhibited fMLP-induced chemotaxis and -degranulation of azurophil and specific granules as measured by myeloperoxidase and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) release respectively. We also showed that PiB inhibited TNFα + fMLP-induced superoxide production, confirming the effect of juglone. These data show that inhibitors of Pin1 impaired key pro-inflammatory neutrophil functions elicited by GPCR activation and suggest that Pin1 could control neutrophil inflammatory functions.
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Liu Q, Bhuiyan MIH, Liu R, Song S, Begum G, Young CB, Foley LM, Chen F, Hitchens TK, Cao G, Chattopadhyay A, He L, Sun D. Attenuating vascular stenosis-induced astrogliosis preserves white matter integrity and cognitive function. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:187. [PMID: 34454529 PMCID: PMC8403348 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02234-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) causes white matter damage and cognitive impairment, in which astrogliosis is the major pathology. However, underlying cellular mechanisms are not well defined. Activation of Na+/H+ exchanger-1 (NHE1) in reactive astrocytes causes astrocytic hypertrophy and swelling. In this study, we examined the role of NHE1 protein in astrogliosis, white matter demyelination, and cognitive function in a murine CCH model with bilateral carotid artery stenosis (BCAS). METHODS Sham, BCAS, or BCAS mice receiving vehicle or a selective NHE1 inhibitor HOE642 were monitored for changes of the regional cerebral blood flow and behavioral performance for 28 days. Ex vivo MRI-DTI was subsequently conducted to detect brain injury and demyelination. Astrogliosis and demyelination were further examined by immunofluorescence staining. Astrocytic transcriptional profiles were analyzed with bulk RNA-sequencing and RT-qPCR. RESULTS Chronic cerebral blood flow reduction and spatial working memory deficits were detected in the BCAS mice, along with significantly reduced mean fractional anisotropy (FA) values in the corpus callosum, external capsule, and hippocampus in MRI DTI analysis. Compared with the sham control mice, the BCAS mice displayed demyelination and axonal damage and increased GFAP+ astrocytes and Iba1+ microglia. Pharmacological inhibition of NHE1 protein with its inhibitor HOE642 prevented the BCAS-induced gliosis, damage of white matter tracts and hippocampus, and significantly improved cognitive performance. Transcriptome and immunostaining analysis further revealed that NHE1 inhibition specifically attenuated pro-inflammatory pathways and NADPH oxidase activation. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that NHE1 protein is involved in astrogliosis with pro-inflammatory transformation induced by CCH, and its blockade has potentials for reducing astrogliosis, demyelination, and cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
| | - Mohammad Iqbal H Bhuiyan
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
| | - Ruijia Liu
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
| | - Shanshan Song
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
| | - Gulnaz Begum
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
| | - Cullen B Young
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
| | - Lesley M Foley
- Animal Imaging Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
| | - Fenghua Chen
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
| | - T Kevin Hitchens
- Animal Imaging Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
| | - Guodong Cao
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
- VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15240, USA
| | - Ansuman Chattopadhyay
- Molecular Biology-Information Service, Health Sciences Library System, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, USA
| | - Li He
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Dandan Sun
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA.
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA.
- VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15240, USA.
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Xu J, Wu S, Wang J, Wang J, Yan Y, Zhu M, Zhang D, Jiang C, Liu T. Oxidative stress induced by NOX2 contributes to neuropathic pain via plasma membrane translocation of PKCε in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:106. [PMID: 33952299 PMCID: PMC8101139 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02155-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 2 (NOX2)-induced oxidative stress, including the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and hydrogen peroxide, plays a pivotal role in neuropathic pain. Although the activation and plasma membrane translocation of protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons have been implicated in multiple pain models, the interactions between NOX2-induced oxidative stress and PKC remain unknown. Methods A spared nerve injury (SNI) model was established in adult male rats. Pharmacologic intervention and AAV-shRNA were applied locally to DRGs. Pain behavior was evaluated by Von Frey tests. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were performed to examine the underlying mechanisms. The excitability of DRG neurons was recorded by whole-cell patch clamping. Results SNI induced persistent NOX2 upregulation in DRGs for up to 2 weeks and increased the excitability of DRG neurons, and these effects were suppressed by local application of gp91-tat (a NOX2-blocking peptide) or NOX2-shRNA to DRGs. Of note, the SNI-induced upregulated expression of PKCε but not PKC was decreased by gp91-tat in DRGs. Mechanical allodynia and DRG excitability were increased by ψεRACK (a PKCε activator) and reduced by εV1-2 (a PKCε-specific inhibitor). Importantly, εV1-2 failed to inhibit SNI-induced NOX2 upregulation. Moreover, the SNI-induced increase in PKCε protein expression in both the plasma membrane and cytosol in DRGs was attenuated by gp91-tat pretreatment, and the enhanced translocation of PKCε was recapitulated by H2O2 administration. SNI-induced upregulation of PKCε was blunted by phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN, an ROS scavenger) and the hydrogen peroxide catalyst catalase. Furthermore, εV1-2 attenuated the mechanical allodynia induced by H2O2 Conclusions NOX2-induced oxidative stress promotes the sensitization of DRGs and persistent pain by increasing the plasma membrane translocation of PKCε. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-021-02155-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Center for Experimental Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shinan Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Junfei Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jianmei Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yi Yan
- Department of Pain Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Mengye Zhu
- Department of Pain Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Daying Zhang
- Department of Pain Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Changyu Jiang
- Jisheng Han Academician Workstation for Pain Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518052, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Center for Experimental Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China. .,Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China. .,Jisheng Han Academician Workstation for Pain Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518052, Guangdong, China.
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Adipocyte, Immune Cells, and miRNA Crosstalk: A Novel Regulator of Metabolic Dysfunction and Obesity. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051004. [PMID: 33923175 PMCID: PMC8147115 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized as a complex and multifactorial excess accretion of adipose tissue (AT) accompanied with alterations in the immune response that affects virtually all age and socioeconomic groups around the globe. The abnormal accumulation of AT leads to several metabolic diseases, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disorder (NAFLD), low-grade inflammation, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular disorders (CVDs), and cancer. AT is an endocrine organ composed of adipocytes and immune cells, including B-Cells, T-cells and macrophages. These immune cells secrete various cytokines and chemokines and crosstalk with adipokines to maintain metabolic homeostasis and low-grade chronic inflammation. A novel form of adipokines, microRNA (miRs), is expressed in many developing peripheral tissues, including ATs, T-cells, and macrophages, and modulates the immune response. miRs are essential for insulin resistance, maintaining the tumor microenvironment, and obesity-associated inflammation (OAI). The abnormal regulation of AT, T-cells, and macrophage miRs may change the function of different organs including the pancreas, heart, liver, and skeletal muscle. Since obesity and inflammation are closely associated, the dysregulated expression of miRs in inflammatory adipocytes, T-cells, and macrophages suggest the importance of miRs in OAI. Therefore, in this review article, we have elaborated the role of miRs as epigenetic regulators affecting adipocyte differentiation, immune response, AT browning, adipogenesis, lipid metabolism, insulin resistance (IR), glucose homeostasis, obesity, and metabolic disorders. Further, we will discuss a set of altered miRs as novel biomarkers for metabolic disease progression and therapeutic targets for obesity.
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Mishra SK, Bae YS, Lee YM, Kim JS, Oh SH, Kim HM. Sesquiterpene Alcohol Cedrol Chemosensitizes Human Cancer Cells and Suppresses Cell Proliferation by Destabilizing Plasma Membrane Lipid Rafts. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:571676. [PMID: 33585438 PMCID: PMC7874189 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.571676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemosensitization of cancer cells with small molecules may improve the therapeutic index of antitumoral agents by making tumor cells sensitive to the drug regimen and thus overcome the treatment resistance and side effects of single therapy. Cell membrane lipid rafts are known to transduce various signaling events in cell proliferation. Sensitizing cancer cells may cause modulation of membrane lipid rafts which may potentially be used in improving anticancer drug response. Cedrol, a natural sesquiterpene alcohol, was used to treat human leukemia K562 and colon cancer HT-29 cell lines, and effects were observed. Cedrol decreased the cell viability by inducing apoptosis in both cell lines by activation of pro-apoptosis protein BID and inhibition of anti-apoptosis proteins Bcl-XL, Bcl-2, and XIAP. Cedrol activated the caspase-9-dependent mitochondrial intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. Furthermore, cedrol inhibited the levels of pAKT, pERK, and pmTOR proteins as well as nuclear and cytoplasmic levels of the p65 subunit of NF-κB. Cedrol caused redistribution of cholesterol and sphingomyelin contents from membrane lipid raft, which was confirmed by a combined additive effect with methyl-β-cyclodextrin (lipid raft-disrupting agent). Lipid raft destabilization by cedrol led to the increased production of ceramides and inhibition of membrane-bound NADPH oxidase 2 enzyme activity. Cholesterol/sphingomyelin-redistributing abilities of cedrol appear as a novel mechanism of growth inhibition of cancer cells. Cedrol can be classified as a natural lipid raft-disrupting agent with possibilities to be used in general studies involving membrane lipid raft modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha Kumar Mishra
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea.,Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, India.,Department of Life Sciences, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur, India
| | - Yun Soo Bae
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong-Moon Lee
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Kim
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Seung Hyun Oh
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Hwan Mook Kim
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
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Ammendola R, Parisi M, Esposito G, Cattaneo F. Pro-Resolving FPR2 Agonists Regulate NADPH Oxidase-Dependent Phosphorylation of HSP27, OSR1, and MARCKS and Activation of the Respective Upstream Kinases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10010134. [PMID: 33477989 PMCID: PMC7835750 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) is involved in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases, being activated either by pro-resolving or proinflammatory ligands. FPR2-associated signal transduction pathways result in phosphorylation of several proteins and in NADPH oxidase activation. We, herein, investigated molecular mechanisms underlying phosphorylation of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27), oxidative stress responsive kinase 1 (OSR1), and myristolated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS) elicited by the pro-resolving FPR2 agonists WKYMVm and annexin A1 (ANXA1). Methods: CaLu-6 cells or p22phoxCrispr/Cas9 double nickase CaLu-6 cells were incubated for 5 min with WKYMVm or ANXA1, in the presence or absence of NADPH oxidase inhibitors. Phosphorylation at specific serine residues of HSP27, OSR1, and MARCKS, as well as the respective upstream kinases activated by FPR2 stimulation was analysed. Results: Blockade of NADPH oxidase functions prevents WKYMVm- and ANXA1-induced HSP-27(Ser82), OSR1(Ser339) and MARCKS(Ser170) phosphorylation. Moreover, NADPH oxidase inhibitors prevent WKYMVm- and ANXA1-dependent activation of p38MAPK, PI3K and PKCδ, the kinases upstream to HSP-27, OSR1 and MARCKS, respectively. The same results were obtained in p22phoxCrispr/Cas9 cells. Conclusions: FPR2 shows an immunomodulatory role by regulating proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory activities and NADPH oxidase is a key regulator of inflammatory pathways. The activation of NADPH oxidase-dependent pro-resolving downstream signals suggests that FPR2 signalling and NADPH oxidase could represent novel targets for inflammation therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fabio Cattaneo
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-746-2036; Fax: +39-081-746-4359
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18
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Gage MC, Thippeswamy T. Inhibitors of Src Family Kinases, Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase, and NADPH Oxidase as Potential CNS Drug Targets for Neurological Diseases. CNS Drugs 2021; 35:1-20. [PMID: 33515429 PMCID: PMC7893831 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-020-00787-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neurological diseases share common neuroinflammatory and oxidative stress pathways. Both phenotypic and molecular changes in microglia, astrocytes, and neurons contribute to the progression of disease and present potential targets for disease modification. Src family kinases (SFKs) are present in both neurons and glial cells and are upregulated following neurological insults in both human and animal models. In neurons, SFKs interact with post-synaptic protein domains to mediate hyperexcitability and neurotoxicity. SFKs are upstream of signaling cascades that lead to the modulation of neurotransmitter receptors and the transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as producers of free radicals through the activation of glia. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS/NOS-II) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase 2 (NOX2), the major mediators of reactive nitrogen/oxygen species (RNS/ROS) production in the brain, are also upregulated along with the pro-inflammatory cytokines following neurological insult and contribute to disease progression. Persistent neuronal hyperexcitability, RNS/ROS, and cytokines can exacerbate neurodegeneration, a common pathognomonic feature of the most prevalent neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and epilepsy. Using a wide variety of preclinical disease models, inhibitors of the SFK-iNOS-NOX2 signaling axis have been tested to cure or modify disease progression. In this review, we discuss the SFK-iNOS-NOX2 signaling pathway and their inhibitors as potential CNS targets for major neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan C. Gage
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
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Raad H, Mouawia H, Hassan H, El-Seblani M, Arabi-Derkawi R, Boussetta T, Gougerot-Pocidalo MA, Dang PMC, El-Benna J. The protein kinase A negatively regulates reactive oxygen species production by phosphorylating gp91phox/NOX2 in human neutrophils. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 160:19-27. [PMID: 32758662 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Superoxide anion production by neutrophils is essential for host defense against microbes. Superoxide anion generates other reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are very toxic for microbes and host cells, therefore their excessive production could induce inflammatory reactions and tissue injury. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) elevating agents are considered to be physiological inhibitors of superoxide production by neutrophils but the mechanisms involved in this inhibitory effect are poorly understood. Superoxide is produced by the phagocyte NADPH oxidase, a complex enzyme composed of two membrane subunits, gp91phox or NOX2 and p22phox, and four cytosolic components p47phox, p67phox, p40phox, and Rac2. Except Rac2, these proteins are known to be phosphorylated upon neutrophil stimulation. Here we show that forskolin, an activator of the adenylate cyclase-cAMP-PKA pathway, induced phosphorylation of gp91phox/NOX2 and inhibited fMLF-induced NADPH oxidase activation in human neutrophils. H89, a PKA inhibitor prevented the forskolin-induced phosphorylation of gp91phox and restored NADPH oxidase activation. Furthermore, PKA phosphorylated the recombinant gp91phox/NOX2-cytosolic C-terminal region in vitro only on a few specific peptides containing serine residues, as compared to PKC. Interestingly, phosphorylation of NOX2-Cter by PKA alone did not induce interaction with the cytosolic components p47phox, p67phox and Rac2, however it induced inhibition of PKC-induced interaction. Furthermore, PKA alone did not induce NOX2 electron transfer activity, however it inhibited PKC-induced activation. These results suggest that PKA phosphorylates NOX2 in human neutrophils, a process essential to limit ROS production and inflammation under physiological conditions. Our data identify the cAMP-PKA-NOX2-axis as a critical gatekeeper of neutrophil ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houssam Raad
- Université de Paris, Centre de Recherche sur L'Inflammation (CRI), INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Laboratoire D'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, 75018, Paris, France; Medical Care Laboratory, Lebanese University, Faculty of the Public Health IV, Zahle, Lebanon
| | - Hussein Mouawia
- Medical Care Laboratory, Lebanese University, Faculty of the Public Health IV, Zahle, Lebanon
| | - Hamad Hassan
- Medical Care Laboratory, Lebanese University, Faculty of the Public Health IV, Zahle, Lebanon
| | - Mohamed El-Seblani
- Medical Care Laboratory, Lebanese University, Faculty of the Public Health IV, Zahle, Lebanon
| | - Riad Arabi-Derkawi
- Université de Paris, Centre de Recherche sur L'Inflammation (CRI), INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Laboratoire D'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, 75018, Paris, France
| | - Tarek Boussetta
- Université de Paris, Centre de Recherche sur L'Inflammation (CRI), INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Laboratoire D'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, 75018, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Anne Gougerot-Pocidalo
- Université de Paris, Centre de Recherche sur L'Inflammation (CRI), INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Laboratoire D'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, 75018, Paris, France
| | - Pham My-Chan Dang
- Université de Paris, Centre de Recherche sur L'Inflammation (CRI), INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Laboratoire D'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, 75018, Paris, France
| | - Jamel El-Benna
- Université de Paris, Centre de Recherche sur L'Inflammation (CRI), INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Laboratoire D'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, 75018, Paris, France.
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Membranous NOX5-derived ROS oxidizes and activates local Src to promote malignancy of tumor cells. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:139. [PMID: 32792487 PMCID: PMC7426961 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-0193-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) localized at the precise subcellular compartments are essential for regulating the activity of signaling proteins. Furthermore, ROS are master regulators of tumor malignant progression that respond to a diverse set of environmental stress, especially hypoxia. NADPH oxidases (NOXs) appear to be activated within discrete subcellular compartments to facilitate local ROS production. However, the subcellular function of NOXs in hypoxic tumor is still unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that NOX5 was greatly upregulated in clinical esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) tumors, ESCC cell lines or primary ESCC cells, and elevated NOX5 was correlated to malignancy of ESCC tumors and poor prognosis. NOX5 induced the malignant progression of ESCC by activating Src, especially under hypoxic condition. Mechanistically, we showed that hypoxia promoted the interaction between NOX5 and Pyk2 on cell membrane via facilitating Ca2+-mediated Pyk2 Tyr402 site phosphorylation. Subsequently, Pyk2 acted as a scaffold for c-Abl phosphorylating the catalytic domain of NOX5 Tyr476/478 sites, which in turn upregulated hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) inside the Pyk2/NOX5 complex to oxidize and activate local Src. These findings provide insights into the biological significance of NOX5 in the development of ESCC.
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The Interplay between Oxidative Stress and miRNAs in Obesity-Associated Hepatic and Vascular Complications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9070607. [PMID: 32664383 PMCID: PMC7402144 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9070607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the obesity pandemic is one of the most relevant health issues worldwide. This condition is tightly related to comorbidities such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), namely atherosclerosis. Dysregulated lipid metabolism and inflammation link these three diseases, leading to a subsequent increase of oxidative stress (OS) causing severe cellular damage. On the other hand, microRNAs (miRNAs) are short, single-stranded, non-coding RNAs that act as post-transcriptional negative regulators of gene expression, thus being involved in the molecular mechanisms that promote the development of many pathologies including obesity and its comorbidities. The involvement of miRNAs in promoting or opposing OS in disease progression is becoming more evident. Some miRNAs, such as miR-200a and miR.421, seem to play important roles in OS control in NAFLD. On the other hand, miR-92a and miR-133, among others, are important in the development of atherosclerosis. Moreover, since both diseases are linked to obesity, they share common altered miRNAs, being miR-34a and miR-21 related to OS. This review summarizes the latest advances in the knowledge about the mechanisms of oxidative stress (OS) generation in obesity-associated NAFLD and atherosclerosis, as well as the role played by miRNAs in the regulation of such mechanisms.
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Redox Regulation of PPAR γ in Polarized Macrophages. PPAR Res 2020; 2020:8253831. [PMID: 32695149 PMCID: PMC7350077 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8253831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARγ) is a central mediator of cellular lipid metabolism and immune cell responses during inflammation. This is facilitated by its role as a transcription factor as well as a DNA-independent protein interaction partner. We addressed how the cellular redox milieu in the cytosol and the nucleus of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/interferon-γ- (IFNγ-) and interleukin-4- (IL4-) polarized macrophages (MΦ) initiates posttranslational modifications of PPARγ, that in turn alter its protein function. Using the redox-sensitive GFP2 (roGFP2), we validated oxidizing and reducing conditions following classical and alternative activation of MΦ, while the redox status of PPARγ was determined via mass spectrometry. Cysteine residues located in the zinc finger regions (amino acid fragments AA 90-115, AA 116-130, and AA 160-167) of PPARγ were highly oxidized, accompanied by phosphorylation of serine 82 in response to LPS/IFNγ, whereas IL4-stimulation provoked minor serine 82 phosphorylation and less cysteine oxidation, favoring a reductive milieu. Mutating these cysteines to alanine to mimic a redox modification decreased PPARγ-dependent reporter gene transactivation supporting a functional shift of PPARγ associated with the MΦ phenotype. These data suggest distinct mechanisms for regulating PPARγ function based on the redox state of MΦ.
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Quiroga J, Alarcón P, Manosalva C, Taubert A, Hermosilla C, Hidalgo MA, Carretta MD, Burgos RA. Glycolysis and mitochondrial function regulate the radical oxygen species production induced by platelet-activating factor in bovine polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2020; 226:110074. [PMID: 32540687 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2020.110074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Dairy cows undergo metabolic disturbances in the peripartum period, during which infectious inflammatory diseases and detrimental polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) functions, such as radical oxygen species (ROS) production, are observed. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a key pro-inflammatory mediator that increases PMN ROS production. To date, the role of glycolysis and mitochondria in PAF-induced ROS production in bovine PMN has not been known. The aim of this study was to assess whether inhibition of glycolysis and disruption of mitochondrial function alter the oxidative response induced by PAF. We isolated PMN from non-pregnant Holstein Friesian heifers and pre-incubated them with 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG; 2 mM, 30 min), carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP; 5 μM, 5 min), oligomycin (10 μM, 30 min) or rotenone (10 μM, 30 min). Respiratory burst was measured by luminol-chemiluminescence assay, while mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) were evaluated by MitoSOX probe and flow cytometry. Also, we detected the presence of mitochondria by MitoTracker Deep Red FM probe and changes in mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) were assessed by JC-1 probe and flow cytometry. We observed that all inhibitors separately were able to reduce PAF-induced ROS production. Presence of mitochondria was detected and PAF increased the Δψm, while CCCP reduced it. 2-DG and rotenone reduced the mtROS production induced by PAF. CCCP did not alter the mtROS and oligomycin administered independently increased mtROS production. We concluded that PAF-induced ROS production is glycolysis- and mitochondria-dependent. Bovine PMN have a functional mitochondrion and PAF induced mtROS via glycolysis and mitochondrial complex-I activity. Our results highlight an important modulation of cellular metabolism in the oxidative response induced by proinflammatory agents, which could contribute to PMN disfunction during peripartum in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Quiroga
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Doctoral Program in Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Pablo Alarcón
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Carolina Manosalva
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Anja Taubert
- Institute of Parasitology, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Carlos Hermosilla
- Institute of Parasitology, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - María Angélica Hidalgo
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - María Daniella Carretta
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Rafael Agustín Burgos
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
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24
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Nocella C, Cammisotto V, Bartimoccia S, Castellani V, Loffredo L, Pastori D, Pignatelli P, Sanguigni V, Violi F, Carnevale R. A novel role of MMP2 in regulating platelet NOX2 activation. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 152:355-362. [PMID: 32268176 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
NOX2 has a key role for cellular production of reactive oxidant species (ROS) and although the mechanism of its activation is well known, little is known about its regulation. Metallo-proteinases (MMPs) regulate numerous protein activities both in physiological and pathological conditions but their interplay with NOX2 and ROS formation is still unclear. We performed experimental studies in human platelets and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) to investigate the interplay of MMP2 with NOX2 activity. In collagen-stimulated platelets and in PMA-stimulated PMNs from healthy subjects, an immediate burst of ROS was detected at 10 min to then decline at 20 min. Coincidentally, sNOX2-dp, a split-off product of NOX2, increased and peaked at 10 min. ROS production was persistent whereas sNOX2dp is not released in cells treated with MMP2 inhibitor compared to other MMPs inhibitors. Western blot analysis showed the highest MMP2 expression on the cell membrane 10 min after stimulation. Moreover, the co-immunoprecipitation assay confirms the interaction between MMP2 and NOX2 that formed an active immuno-complex. Treating cells with NOX2ds-tat, an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase, significantly reduced ROS formation, sNOX2-dp, MMP2 expression and MMP2-NOX2-complex, which were all restored if cells were added with H2O2. The study provides the first evidence that MMP2 has a key role in blunting platelet NOX2 activity and eventually ROS formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Nocella
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Vittoria Cammisotto
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Speciality Paride Stefanini, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Bartimoccia
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Castellani
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Loffredo
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Pastori
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Pasquale Pignatelli
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Mediterranea, Cardiocentro, 80122, Napoli, Italy
| | - Valerio Sanguigni
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Violi
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Mediterranea, Cardiocentro, 80122, Napoli, Italy
| | - Roberto Carnevale
- Mediterranea, Cardiocentro, 80122, Napoli, Italy; Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100, Latina, Italy.
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25
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Nguyen GT, Shaban L, Mack M, Swanson KD, Bunnell SC, Sykes DB, Mecsas J. SKAP2 is required for defense against K. pneumoniae infection and neutrophil respiratory burst. eLife 2020; 9:56656. [PMID: 32352382 PMCID: PMC7250567 DOI: 10.7554/elife.56656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a respiratory, blood, liver, and bladder pathogen of significant clinical concern. We show that the adaptor protein, SKAP2, is required for protection against K. pneumoniae (ATCC 43816) pulmonary infections. Skap2-/- mice had 100-fold higher bacterial burden when compared to wild-type and burden was controlled by SKAP2 expression in innate immune cells. Skap2-/- neutrophils and monocytes were present in infected lungs, and the neutrophils degranulated normally in response to K. pneumoniae infection in mice; however, K. pneumoniae-stimulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in vitro was abolished. K. pneumoniae-induced neutrophil ROS response required the activity of SFKs, Syk, Btk, PLCγ2, and PKC. The loss of SKAP2 significantly hindered the K. pneumoniae-induced phosphorylation of SFKs, Syk, and Pyk2 implicating SKAP2 as proximal to their activation in pathogen-signaling pathways. In conclusion, SKAP2-dependent signaling in neutrophils is essential for K. pneumoniae-activated ROS production and for promoting bacterial clearance during infection. Klebsiella pneumoniae is a type of bacteria that can cause life-threatening infections – including pneumonia, blood stream infections, and urinary tract infections – in hospitalized patients. These infections can be difficult to treat because some K. pneumoniae are resistant to antibiotics. The bacteria are normally found in the human intestine, and they do not usually cause infections in healthy people. This implies that healthy people’s immune systems are better able to fend off K. pneumoniae infections; learning how could help scientists develop new ways to treat or prevent infections in hospitalized patients. In healthy people, a type of immune cell called neutrophils are the first line of defense against bacterial infections. Several different proteins are needed to activate neutrophils, including a protein called SKAP2. But the role of this protein in fighting K. pneumoniae infections is not clear. To find out what role SKAP2 plays in the defense against pneumonia caused by K. pneumoniae, Nguyen et al. compared infections in mice with and without the protein. Mice lacking SKAP2 in their white blood cells had more bacteria in their lungs than normal mice. The experiments showed that neutrophils from mice with SKAP2 produce a burst of chemicals called “reactive oxygen species”, which can kill bacteria. But neutrophils without the protein do not. Without SKAP2, several proteins that help produce reactive oxygen species do not work. Understanding the role of SKAP2 in fighting infections may help scientists better understand the immune system. This could help clinicians to treat conditions that cause it to be hyperactive or ineffective. More studies are needed to determine if SKAP2 works the same way in human neutrophils and if it works against all types of K. pneumoniae. If it does, then scientists might be able use this information to develop therapies that help the immune system fight infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giang T Nguyen
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Tufts Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, United States
| | - Lamyaa Shaban
- Graduate Program in Molecular Microbiology, Tufts Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, United States
| | - Matthias Mack
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kenneth D Swanson
- Brain Tumor Center and Neuro-Oncology Unit, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, United States
| | - Stephen C Bunnell
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Tufts Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, United States.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, United States
| | - David B Sykes
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Joan Mecsas
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Tufts Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, United States.,Graduate Program in Molecular Microbiology, Tufts Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, United States.,Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, United States
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26
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Kimura S, Hunter K, Vaahtera L, Tran HC, Citterico M, Vaattovaara A, Rokka A, Stolze SC, Harzen A, Meißner L, Wilkens MMT, Hamann T, Toyota M, Nakagami H, Wrzaczek M. CRK2 and C-terminal Phosphorylation of NADPH Oxidase RBOHD Regulate Reactive Oxygen Species Production in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:1063-1080. [PMID: 32034035 PMCID: PMC7145479 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.19.00525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important messengers in eukaryotic organisms, and their production is tightly controlled. Active extracellular ROS production by NADPH oxidases in plants is triggered by receptor-like protein kinase-dependent signaling networks. Here, we show that CYSTEINE-RICH RLK2 (CRK2) kinase activity is required for plant growth and CRK2 exists in a preformed complex with the NADPH oxidase RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOG D (RBOHD) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Functional CRK2 is required for the full elicitor-induced ROS burst, and consequently the crk2 mutant is impaired in defense against the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000. Our work demonstrates that CRK2 regulates plant innate immunity. We identified in vitro CRK2-dependent phosphorylation sites in the C-terminal region of RBOHD. Phosphorylation of S703 RBOHD is enhanced upon flg22 treatment, and substitution of S703 with Ala reduced ROS production in Arabidopsis. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that phospho-sites in the C-terminal region of RBOHD are conserved throughout the plant lineage and between animals and plants. We propose that regulation of NADPH oxidase activity by phosphorylation of the C-terminal region might be an ancient mechanism and that CRK2 is an important element in regulating microbe-associated molecular pattern-triggered ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachie Kimura
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Kerri Hunter
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Lauri Vaahtera
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Huy Cuong Tran
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Matteo Citterico
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Aleksia Vaattovaara
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Anne Rokka
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku FI-20520, Finland
| | - Sara Christina Stolze
- Protein Mass Spectrometry Group, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, D-50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Anne Harzen
- Protein Mass Spectrometry Group, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, D-50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Lena Meißner
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Maya Melina Tabea Wilkens
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Thorsten Hamann
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Masatsugu Toyota
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53593, USA
| | - Hirofumi Nakagami
- Protein Mass Spectrometry Group, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, D-50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Wrzaczek
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
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27
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Zhang T. En Garde: CRK2 Preassociates with RBOHD and Regulates ROS Production. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:801-802. [PMID: 32051214 PMCID: PMC7145471 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.20.00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
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28
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Henríquez-Olguín C, Boronat S, Cabello-Verrugio C, Jaimovich E, Hidalgo E, Jensen TE. The Emerging Roles of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Oxidase 2 in Skeletal Muscle Redox Signaling and Metabolism. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:1371-1410. [PMID: 31588777 PMCID: PMC6859696 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Skeletal muscle is a crucial tissue to whole-body locomotion and metabolic health. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have emerged as intracellular messengers participating in both physiological and pathological adaptations in skeletal muscle. A complex interplay between ROS-producing enzymes and antioxidant networks exists in different subcellular compartments of mature skeletal muscle. Recent evidence suggests that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases (NOXs) are a major source of contraction- and insulin-stimulated oxidants production, but they may paradoxically also contribute to muscle insulin resistance and atrophy. Recent Advances: Pharmacological and molecular biological tools, including redox-sensitive probes and transgenic mouse models, have generated novel insights into compartmentalized redox signaling and suggested that NOX2 contributes to redox control of skeletal muscle metabolism. Critical Issues: Major outstanding questions in skeletal muscle include where NOX2 activation occurs under different conditions in health and disease, how NOX2 activation is regulated, how superoxide/hydrogen peroxide generated by NOX2 reaches the cytosol, what the signaling mediators are downstream of NOX2, and the role of NOX2 for different physiological and pathophysiological processes. Future Directions: Future research should utilize and expand the current redox-signaling toolbox to clarify the NOX2-dependent mechanisms in skeletal muscle and determine whether the proposed functions of NOX2 in cells and animal models are conserved into humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Henríquez-Olguín
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Muscle Cell Physiology Laboratory, Center for Exercise, Metabolism, and Cancer, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susanna Boronat
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudio Cabello-Verrugio
- Laboratory of Muscle Pathology, Fragility and Aging, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile.,Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Enrique Jaimovich
- Muscle Cell Physiology Laboratory, Center for Exercise, Metabolism, and Cancer, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Elena Hidalgo
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thomas E Jensen
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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29
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Knock GA. NADPH oxidase in the vasculature: Expression, regulation and signalling pathways; role in normal cardiovascular physiology and its dysregulation in hypertension. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 145:385-427. [PMID: 31585207 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The last 20-25 years have seen an explosion of interest in the role of NADPH oxidase (NOX) in cardiovascular function and disease. In vascular smooth muscle and endothelium, NOX generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) that act as second messengers, contributing to the control of normal vascular function. NOX activity is altered in response to a variety of stimuli, including G-protein coupled receptor agonists, growth-factors, perfusion pressure, flow and hypoxia. NOX-derived ROS are involved in smooth muscle constriction, endothelium-dependent relaxation and smooth muscle growth, proliferation and migration, thus contributing to the fine-tuning of blood flow, arterial wall thickness and vascular resistance. Through reversible oxidative modification of target proteins, ROS regulate the activity of protein tyrosine phosphatases, kinases, G proteins, ion channels, cytoskeletal proteins and transcription factors. There is now considerable, but somewhat contradictory evidence that NOX contributes to the pathogenesis of hypertension through oxidative stress. Specific NOX isoforms have been implicated in endothelial dysfunction, hyper-contractility and vascular remodelling in various animal models of hypertension, pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary arterial hypertension, but also have potential protective effects, particularly NOX4. This review explores the multiplicity of NOX function in the healthy vasculature and the evidence for and against targeting NOX for antihypertensive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg A Knock
- Dpt. of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, UK.
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30
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Xie K, Varatnitskaya M, Maghnouj A, Bader V, Winklhofer KF, Hahn S, Leichert LI. Activation leads to a significant shift in the intracellular redox homeostasis of neutrophil-like cells. Redox Biol 2019; 28:101344. [PMID: 31639650 PMCID: PMC6807386 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils produce a cocktail of oxidative species during the so-called oxidative burst to attack phagocytized bacteria. However, little is known about the neutrophils' redox homeostasis during the oxidative burst and there is currently no consensus about the interplay between oxidative species and cellular signaling, e.g. during the initiation of the production of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Using the genetically encoded redox sensor roGFP2, expressed in the cytoplasm of the neutrophil-like cell line PLB-985, we saw that stimulation by both PMA and E. coli resulted in oxidation of the thiol residues in this probe. In contrast to the redox state of phagocytized bacteria, which completely breaks down, the neutrophils' cytoplasmic redox state switched from its intital -318 ± 6 mV to a new, albeit higher oxidized, steady state of -264 ± 5 mV in the presence of bacteria. This highly significant oxidation of the cytosol (p value = 7 × 10-5) is dependent on NOX2 activity, but independent of the most effective thiol oxidant produced in neutrophils, MPO-derived HOCl. While the shift in the intracellular redox potential is correlated with effective NETosis, it is, by itself not sufficient: Inhibition of MPO, while not affecting the cytosolic oxidation, significantly decreased NETosis. Furthermore, inhibition of PI3K, which abrogates cytosolic oxidation, did not fully prevent NETosis induced by phagocytosis of bacteria. Thus, we conclude that NET-formation is regulated in a multifactorial way, in part by changes of the cytosolic thiol redox homeostasis in neutrophils, depending on the circumstance under which the generation of NETs was initiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaibo Xie
- Ruhr University Bochum, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Microbial Biochemistry, Bochum, Germany
| | - Marharyta Varatnitskaya
- Ruhr University Bochum, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Microbial Biochemistry, Bochum, Germany
| | - Abdelouahid Maghnouj
- Ruhr University Bochum, Department of Molecular Gastrointestinal Oncology, Bochum, Germany
| | - Verian Bader
- Ruhr University Bochum, Institute for Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Cell Biology, Bochum, Germany
| | - Konstanze F Winklhofer
- Ruhr University Bochum, Institute for Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Cell Biology, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stephan Hahn
- Ruhr University Bochum, Department of Molecular Gastrointestinal Oncology, Bochum, Germany
| | - Lars I Leichert
- Ruhr University Bochum, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Microbial Biochemistry, Bochum, Germany.
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31
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A sensor kinase controls turgor-driven plant infection by the rice blast fungus. Nature 2019; 574:423-427. [PMID: 31597961 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1637-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae gains entry to its host plant by means of a specialized pressure-generating infection cell called an appressorium, which physically ruptures the leaf cuticle1,2. Turgor is applied as an enormous invasive force by septin-mediated reorganization of the cytoskeleton and actin-dependent protrusion of a rigid penetration hypha3. However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate the generation of turgor pressure during appressorium-mediated infection of plants remain poorly understood. Here we show that a turgor-sensing histidine-aspartate kinase, Sln1, enables the appressorium to sense when a critical turgor threshold has been reached and thereby facilitates host penetration. We found that the Sln1 sensor localizes to the appressorium pore in a pressure-dependent manner, which is consistent with the predictions of a mathematical model for plant infection. A Δsln1 mutant generates excess intracellular appressorium turgor, produces hyper-melanized non-functional appressoria and does not organize the septins and polarity determinants that are required for leaf infection. Sln1 acts in parallel with the protein kinase C cell-integrity pathway as a regulator of cAMP-dependent signalling by protein kinase A. Pkc1 phosphorylates the NADPH oxidase regulator NoxR and, collectively, these signalling pathways modulate appressorium turgor and trigger the generation of invasive force to cause blast disease.
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32
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Ohayon D, De Chiara A, Dang PMC, Thieblemont N, Chatfield S, Marzaioli V, Burgener SS, Mocek J, Candalh C, Pintard C, Tacnet-Delorme P, Renault G, Lagoutte I, Favier M, Walker F, Hurtado-Nedelec M, Desplancq D, Weiss E, Benarafa C, Housset D, Marie JC, Frachet P, El-Benna J, Witko-Sarsat V. Cytosolic PCNA interacts with p47phox and controls NADPH oxidase NOX2 activation in neutrophils. J Exp Med 2019; 216:2669-2687. [PMID: 31492810 PMCID: PMC6829599 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20180371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study describes a novel function of cytosolic proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in the control of neutrophil NADPH oxidase, a complex pivotal for ROS generation in inflammation. Inhibition of neutrophil PCNA results in a potent antiinflammatory effect in colitis. Neutrophils produce high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by NADPH oxidase that are crucial for host defense but can lead to tissue injury when produced in excess. We previously described that proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), a nuclear scaffolding protein pivotal in DNA synthesis, controls neutrophil survival through its cytosolic association with procaspases. We herein showed that PCNA associated with p47phox, a key subunit of NADPH oxidase, and that this association regulated ROS production. Surface plasmon resonance and crystallography techniques demonstrated that the interdomain-connecting loop of PCNA interacted directly with the phox homology (PX) domain of the p47phox. PCNA inhibition by competing peptides or by T2AA, a small-molecule PCNA inhibitor, decreased NADPH oxidase activation in vitro. Furthermore, T2AA provided a therapeutic benefit in mice during trinitro-benzene-sulfonic acid (TNBS)–induced colitis by decreasing oxidative stress, accelerating mucosal repair, and promoting the resolution of inflammation. Our data suggest that targeting PCNA in inflammatory neutrophils holds promise as a multifaceted antiinflammatory strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Ohayon
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1016, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8104, Université Paris-Descartes, Cochin Institute, Paris, France.,LabEx Inflamex, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Alessia De Chiara
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1016, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8104, Université Paris-Descartes, Cochin Institute, Paris, France.,LabEx Inflamex, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Pham My-Chan Dang
- LabEx Inflamex, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1149, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Université Paris Diderot, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Thieblemont
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1016, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8104, Université Paris-Descartes, Cochin Institute, Paris, France.,LabEx Inflamex, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Simon Chatfield
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1016, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8104, Université Paris-Descartes, Cochin Institute, Paris, France.,LabEx Inflamex, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Viviana Marzaioli
- LabEx Inflamex, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1149, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Université Paris Diderot, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Sabrina Sofia Burgener
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Julie Mocek
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1016, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8104, Université Paris-Descartes, Cochin Institute, Paris, France.,LabEx Inflamex, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Céline Candalh
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1016, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8104, Université Paris-Descartes, Cochin Institute, Paris, France.,LabEx Inflamex, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Coralie Pintard
- LabEx Inflamex, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1149, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Université Paris Diderot, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Pascale Tacnet-Delorme
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie Structurale, Grenoble, France
| | - Gilles Renault
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1016, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8104, Université Paris-Descartes, Cochin Institute, Paris, France.,LabEx Inflamex, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Lagoutte
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1016, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8104, Université Paris-Descartes, Cochin Institute, Paris, France.,LabEx Inflamex, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Maryline Favier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1016, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8104, Université Paris-Descartes, Cochin Institute, Paris, France.,LabEx Inflamex, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Margarita Hurtado-Nedelec
- LabEx Inflamex, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1149, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Université Paris Diderot, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Desplancq
- Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7242, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Etienne Weiss
- Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7242, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Charaf Benarafa
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dominique Housset
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie Structurale, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Claude Marie
- LabEx Inflamex, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1149, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Université Paris Diderot, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Frachet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie Structurale, Grenoble, France
| | - Jamel El-Benna
- LabEx Inflamex, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1149, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Université Paris Diderot, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Witko-Sarsat
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1016, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8104, Université Paris-Descartes, Cochin Institute, Paris, France .,LabEx Inflamex, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Yaribeygi H, Atkin SL, Sahebkar A. A review of the molecular mechanisms of hyperglycemia-induced free radical generation leading to oxidative stress. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:1300-1312. [PMID: 30146696 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of diabetes is growing worldwide with an increasing morbidity and mortality associated with the development of diabetes complications. Free radical production is a normal biological process that is strictly controlled and has been shown to be important in normal cellular homeostasis, and in the bodies response to pathogens. However, there are several mechanisms leading to excessive free radical production that overcome the normal protective quenching mechanisms. Studies have shown that many of the diabetes complications result from excessive free radical generation and oxidative stress, and it has been shown that chronic hyperglycemia is a potent inducer for free radical production, generated through several pathways and triggering multiple molecular mechanisms. An understanding of these processes may help us to improving our preventive or therapeutic strategies. In this review, the major molecular pathways involved in free radical generation induced by hyperglycemia are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Yaribeygi
- Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Arabi-Derkawi R, O'Dowd Y, Cheng N, Rolas L, Boussetta T, Raad H, Marzaioli V, Pintard C, Fasseu M, Kroviarski Y, Belambri SA, Dang PMC, Ye RD, Gougerot-Pocidalo MA, El-Benna J. The Kinesin Light Chain-Related Protein PAT1 Promotes Superoxide Anion Production in Human Phagocytes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:1549-1558. [PMID: 30665935 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Superoxide anion production by the phagocyte NADPH oxidase plays a crucial role in host defenses and inflammatory reaction. The phagocyte NADPH oxidase is composed of cytosolic components (p40phox, p47phox, p67phox, and Rac1/2) and the membrane flavocytochrome b558, which is composed of two proteins: p22phox and gp91phox/NOX2. p22phox plays a crucial role in the stabilization of gp91phox in phagocytes and is also a docking site for p47phox during activation. In the current study, we have used a yeast two-hybrid approach to identify unknown partners of p22phox. Using the cytosolic C-terminal region of p22phox as bait to screen a human spleen cDNA library, we identified the protein interacting with amyloid precursor protein tail 1 (PAT1) as a potential partner of p22phox. The interaction between p22phox and PAT1 was further confirmed by in vitro GST pulldown and overlay assays and in intact neutrophils and COSphox cells by coimmunoprecipitation. We demonstrated that PAT1 is expressed in human neutrophils and monocytes and colocalizes with p22phox, as shown by confocal microscopy. Overexpression of PAT1 in human monocytes and in COSphox cells increased superoxide anion production and depletion of PAT1 by specific small interfering RNA inhibited this process. These data clearly identify PAT1 as a novel regulator of NADPH oxidase activation and superoxide anion production, a key phagocyte function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riad Arabi-Derkawi
- INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, 75018 Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75018 Paris, France.,Unité Fonctionnelle Dysfonctionnements Immunitaires, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Xavier Bichat, Paris, F-75018, France
| | - Yvonne O'Dowd
- INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, 75018 Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75018 Paris, France.,Garda Headquarters, Forensic Science Ireland, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Ni Cheng
- University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612; and
| | - Loïc Rolas
- INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, 75018 Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Tarek Boussetta
- INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, 75018 Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Houssam Raad
- INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, 75018 Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Viviana Marzaioli
- INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, 75018 Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Coralie Pintard
- INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, 75018 Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Magali Fasseu
- INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, 75018 Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Yolande Kroviarski
- INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, 75018 Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Sahra A Belambri
- INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, 75018 Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75018 Paris, France.,Laboratoire de Biochimie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université Ferhat Abbas, 19000 Sétif, Algeria
| | - Pham My-Chan Dang
- INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, 75018 Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Richard D Ye
- University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612; and
| | - Marie-Anne Gougerot-Pocidalo
- INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, 75018 Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75018 Paris, France.,Unité Fonctionnelle Dysfonctionnements Immunitaires, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Xavier Bichat, Paris, F-75018, France
| | - Jamel El-Benna
- INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, 75018 Paris, France; .,Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75018 Paris, France
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) are the largest group of cell surface receptors, which link cells to their environment. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can act as important cellular signaling molecules. The family of NADPH oxidases generates ROS in response to activated cell surface receptors. Recent Advances: Various signaling pathways linking GPCRs and activation of NADPH oxidases have been characterized. CRITICAL ISSUES Still, a more detailed analysis of G proteins involved in the GPCR-mediated activation of NADPH oxidases is needed. In addition, a more precise discrimination of NADPH oxidase activation due to either upregulation of subunit expression or post-translational subunit modifications is needed. Also, the role of noncanonical modulators of NADPH oxidase activation in the response to GPCRs awaits further analyses. FUTURE DIRECTIONS As GPCRs are one of the most popular classes of investigational drug targets, further detailing of G protein-coupled mechanisms in the activation mechanism of NADPH oxidases as well as better understanding of the link between newly identified NADPH oxidase interaction partners and GPCR signaling will provide new opportunities for improved efficiency and decreased off target effects of therapies targeting GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Petry
- 1 Experimental and Molecular Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich , TU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Agnes Görlach
- 1 Experimental and Molecular Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich , TU Munich, Munich, Germany .,2 DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) , Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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Lin HC, Li CC, Yang YC, Chiu TH, Liu KL, Lii CK, Chen HW. Andrographis paniculata diterpenoids and ethanolic extract inhibit TNFα-induced ICAM-1 expression in EA.hy926 cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 52:157-167. [PMID: 30599895 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Andrographis paniculata (A. paniculata), a traditional herb in Southeastern Asia, is used to treat inflammation-mediated diseases. PURPOSE The two major bioactive diterpenoids in A. paniculata are andrographolide (AND) and 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (deAND). Because of the anti-inflammatory evidence for AND, we hypothesized that deAND might possess similar potency for inhibiting monocyte adhesion to the vascular endothelium, which is a critical event for atherosclerotic lesion formation. MATERIAL In the present study, we used 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay to determine cell viability. We evaluated the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) by using DCFDA assay. We assayed the protein expression by using Western blot analysis, the mRNA expression by using RT-PCR, and the nuclear protein-DNA binding activity by using EMSA. RESULTS We showed that pretreatment of EA.hy926 cells with A. paniculata ethanolic extract (APE), deAND, and AND significantly inhibited TNFα-induced ICAM-1 protein and mRNA expression, ICAM-1 promoter activity, and monocyte adhesion. TNFα-stimulated IKKβ phosphorylation, IκBα phosphorylation and degradation, p65 nuclear translocation, and NFκB nuclear protein-DNA binding activity were attenuated by pretreatment with APE, deAND, and AND. APE, deAND, and AND attenuated TNFα-induced Src phosphorylation and membrane translocation of the NOX subunits p47phox and p67phox. Both APE and AND induced protein expression of heme oxygenase 1 and the glutamate cysteine ligase modifier subunit and enhanced glutathione content. Pretreatment with AND and deAND inhibited TNFα-induced ROS generation. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the mechanism by which APE, deAND, and AND down-regulates TNFα-induced ICAM-1 expression in EA.hy926 cells is via attenuation of activation of the IKK/IκB/NFκB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chih Lin
- Division of Neonatology, College of Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of China Medical University and China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chun Li
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chen Yang
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hsuan Chiu
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Li Liu
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chong-Kuei Lii
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan; Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Haw-Wen Chen
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
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Raad H, Derkawi RA, Tlili A, Belambri SA, Dang PMC, El-Benna J. Phosphorylation of gp91 phox/NOX2 in Human Neutrophils. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1982:341-352. [PMID: 31172483 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9424-3_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The phagocyte NADPH oxidase NOX2 was the first NOX family member to be discovered. It is responsible for the production of reactive oxygen species that are required for bacterial killing and host defense. Activated NOX2 is an enzymatic complex composed of two membrane proteins, p22phox and gp91phox (renamed NOX2), which form the cytochrome b558, and four cytosolic proteins, p47phox, p67phox, p40phox, and the small GTPase Rac2. Except for Rac2, all proteins from the complex become phosphorylated during neutrophil activation, suggesting the importance of this process in NOX2 regulation. The phosphorylation of the cytosolic components, and in particular p47phox, has been extensively studied; however, the phosphorylation of the membrane proteins was less studied, in part due to the lack of good antibodies and accurate membrane solubilization techniques. In this chapter, we describe a method we have used to study NOX2 phosphorylation, which is based on the labeling of the intracellular ATP pool with 32P prior to applying a stimulus inducing protein phosphorylation. We also describe the solubilization of membrane-bound gp91phox/NOX2 and analysis by immunoprecipitation, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, electrophoretic transfer, phosphoamino acid analysis, and autoradiography. This protocol can also be used to study the possible phosphorylation of other NOX family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houssam Raad
- Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI), INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Université Paris Diderot-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Riad Arabi Derkawi
- Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI), INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Université Paris Diderot-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Asma Tlili
- Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI), INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Université Paris Diderot-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Sahra A Belambri
- Stress Oxydatif et Inflammation, Laboratoire de Biochimie Appliquée, Département de Biochimie, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université Ferhat Abbes 1, Sétif, Algeria
| | - Pham My-Chan Dang
- Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI), INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Université Paris Diderot-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Paris, France.
| | - Jamel El-Benna
- Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI), INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Université Paris Diderot-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Paris, France.
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Chaudhary A, Kamischke C, Leite M, Altura MA, Kinman L, Kulasekara H, Blanc MP, Wang G, Terhorst C, Miller SI. β-Barrel outer membrane proteins suppress mTORC2 activation and induce autophagic responses. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/558/eaat7493. [PMID: 30482849 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aat7493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria and mitochondria contain proteins with a distinct β-barrel tertiary structure that could function as a molecular pattern recognized by the innate immune system. Here, we report that purified outer membrane proteins (OMPs) from different bacterial and mitochondrial sources triggered the induction of autophagy-related endosomal acidification, LC3B lipidation, and p62 degradation. Furthermore, OMPs reduced the phosphorylation and therefore activation of the multiprotein complex mTORC2 and its substrate Akt in macrophages and epithelial cells. The cell surface receptor SlamF8 and the DNA-protein kinase subunit XRCC6 were required for these OMP-specific responses in macrophages and epithelial cells, respectively. The addition of OMPs to mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages infected with Salmonella Typhimurium facilitated bacterial clearance. These data identify a specific cellular response mediated by bacterial and mitochondrial OMPs that can alter inflammatory responses and influence the killing of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Chaudhary
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Cassandra Kamischke
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Mara Leite
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Melissa A Altura
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Loren Kinman
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Hemantha Kulasekara
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Marie-Pierre Blanc
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Guoxing Wang
- Division of Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Cox Terhorst
- Division of Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Samuel I Miller
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. .,Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.,Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Belambri SA, Rolas L, Raad H, Hurtado-Nedelec M, Dang PMC, El-Benna J. NADPH oxidase activation in neutrophils: Role of the phosphorylation of its subunits. Eur J Clin Invest 2018; 48 Suppl 2:e12951. [PMID: 29757466 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are key cells of innate immunity and during inflammation. Upon activation, they produce large amounts of superoxide anion (O2 -. ) and ensuing reactive oxygen species (ROS) to kill phagocytized microbes. The enzyme responsible for O2 -. production is called the phagocyte NADPH oxidase. This is a multicomponent enzyme system that becomes active after assembly of four cytosolic proteins (p47phox , p67phox , p40phox and Rac2) with the transmembrane proteins (p22phox and gp91phox , which form the cytochrome b558 ). gp91phox represents the catalytic subunit of the NADPH oxidase and is also called NOX2. NADPH oxidase-derived ROS are essential for microbial killing and innate immunity; however, excessive ROS production induces tissue injury and prolonged inflammatory reactions that contribute to inflammatory diseases. Thus, NADPH oxidase activation must be tightly regulated in time and space to limit ROS production. NADPH oxidase activation is regulated by several processes such as phosphorylation of its components, exchange of GDP/GTP on Rac2 and binding of p47phox and p40phox to phospholipids. This review aims to provide new insights into the role of the phosphorylation of the NADPH oxidase components, that is gp91phox , p22phox , p47phox , p67phox and p40phox , in the activation of this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahra A Belambri
- Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI), INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Université Paris Diderot-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Paris, France.,Laboratoire de Biochimie Appliquée, Équipe de Recherche: Stress Oxydatif et Inflammation, Département de Biochimie, Faculté des Sciences De la Nature et de la Vie, Université Ferhat Abbes 1, Sétif, Algérie
| | - Loïc Rolas
- Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI), INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Université Paris Diderot-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Houssam Raad
- Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI), INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Université Paris Diderot-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Margarita Hurtado-Nedelec
- Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI), INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Université Paris Diderot-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Paris, France.,Département d'Immunologie et d'Hématologie, UF Dysfonctionnements Immunitaires, HUPNVS, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Pham My-Chan Dang
- Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI), INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Université Paris Diderot-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Jamel El-Benna
- Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI), INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Université Paris Diderot-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Paris, France
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40
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Yao W, Chen J, Wu S, Han X, Guan J, Yuan D, Cai J, Hei Z. ONO-5046 suppresses reactive oxidative species-associated formation of neutrophil extracellular traps. Life Sci 2018; 210:243-250. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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miR-26a Potentially Contributes to the Regulation of Fatty Acid and Sterol Metabolism In Vitro Human HepG2 Cell Model of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:8515343. [PMID: 30402207 PMCID: PMC6196797 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8515343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a metabolic-related disorder ranging from steatosis to steatohepatitis, which may progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed at assessing the regulatory and protective role of miR-26a on lipid metabolism and progression of NAFLD in human HepG2 cells loaded with free fatty acids (FFA). Lentivirus expressing miR-26a or negative control miR was used to transduce HepG2 cells and to establish stable cell lines. Gain or loss of function using an miR-26a inhibitor was used to compare triglyceride content (TG), total cholesterol level (CL), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA) and the level of apoptosis. In addition, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to assess the mRNA levels of lipogenesis, TG synthesis, storage genes, inflammatory and fibrogenic markers, and autophagic besides endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers after gaining or losing the function of miR-26a. miR-26a levels decreased in response to FFA in human HepG2 cells. After the establishment of a stable cell line, the upregulation of miR-26a resulted in the downregulation of TG, CL, and MDA levels, through regulating mRNA levels of genes involved in lipid homeostasis, ER stress marker, inflammatory and fibrogenic markers. Nevertheless, there was a marked increment in the mRNA expression of autophagic marker genes. Moreover, miR-26a overexpression protects the cells from apoptosis, whereas inhibition of miR-26a, using an anti-miR-26a oligonucleotide, decreased the expression of miR-26a which potentially contributes to altered lipid metabolism in HepG2 cells loaded with FFA. In conclusion, these findings suggested that miR-26a has a crucial role in regulating fatty acid and cholesterol homeostasis in HepG2 cells, along with the offered protection against the progression of NAFLD in vitro. Hence, miRNAs could receive growing attention as useful noninvasive diagnostic markers to follow the progression of NAFLD and to identify novel therapeutic targets.
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Ma Q, Liu Y, Chen L. JIP3 deficiency attenuates cardiac hypertrophy by suppression of JNK pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:1-7. [PMID: 29604277 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.03.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Pathological cardiac hypertrophy is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide; however, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms revealing the disease is still unclear. In the present study, we suggested that c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-interacting protein 3 (JIP3), involved in various cellular processes, played an essential role in regulating pathological cardiac hypertrophy through in vivo and in vitro studies. JIP3 was highly expressed in human hearts with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), and in mouse hypertrophic hearts. Following, the wild type (WT) and JIP3-knockout (KO) mice subjected to aortic banding (AB) challenge were used as animal models with cardiac hypertrophy. The results showed that JIP3-KO mice after AB operation exhibited attenuated cardiac function, reduced fibrosis levels and decreased hypertrophic marker proteins, including atrial natriuretic peptides (Anp) and brain/B-type natriuretic peptides (Bnp) and β-myosin heavy chain (β-Mhc). Loss of JIP3 also ameliorated oxidative stress, inflammatory response, apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in hearts of mice after AB surgery. Consistently, the expressions of ER stress-related molecules, such as phosphorylated-α-subunit of the eukaryotic initiation factor-2 (eIF2α), glucose-regulated protein (GRP) 78 and C/-EBP homologous protein (CHOP), were markedly decreased by JIP3-deficiency in hearts of AB-operated mice. JNK and its down-streaming signal of p90rsk was highly activated by AB operation in WT mice, while being significantly reversed by JIP3-ablation. Intriguingly, the in vitro results showed that promoting JNK activation by using its activator of anisomycin enhanced AngII-stimulated ER stress, oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammatory response in cardiomyocytes isolated from WT mice. However, JIP3-KO-attenuated these pathologies was rescued by anisomycin treatment in AngII-incubated cardiomyocytes. Together, the findings indicated that blockage of JIP3 could alleviate cardiac hypertrophy via inactivating JNK pathway, and thus might be a promising strategy to prevent pathological cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Linyi Central Hospital of Shandong Province, Linyi 276400, China
| | - Yuxiu Liu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Linyi Central Hospital of Shandong Province, Linyi 276400, China
| | - Lianghua Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan 250021, China.
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Menegazzo L, Scattolini V, Cappellari R, Bonora BM, Albiero M, Bortolozzi M, Romanato F, Ceolotto G, Vigili de Kreutzeberg S, Avogaro A, Fadini GP. The antidiabetic drug metformin blunts NETosis in vitro and reduces circulating NETosis biomarkers in vivo. Acta Diabetol 2018; 55:593-601. [PMID: 29546579 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-018-1129-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Diabetes is associated with an excess release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and an enhanced NETosis, a neutrophil cell death programme instrumental to anti-microbial defences, but also involved in tissue damage. We herein investigated whether the antidiabetic drug metformin protects against NETosis. METHODS We measured NET components in the plasma of patients with pre-diabetes who were randomized to receive metformin or placebo for 2 months. To control for the effect on glucose, we also measured NET components in the plasma of patients with type 2 diabetes before and after treatment with insulin or dapagliflozin. In vitro, we used static and dynamic imaging with advanced live confocal two-photon microscopy to evaluate the effects of metformin on cellular events during NETosis. We examined putative molecular mechanisms by monitoring chromatin decondensation and DNA release in vitro. RESULTS Metformin, as compared to placebo, significantly reduced the concentrations of NET components elastase, proteinase-3, histones and double strand DNA, whereas glucose control with insulin or dapagliflozin exerted no significant effect. In vitro, metformin prevented pathologic changes in nuclear dynamics and DNA release, resulting in a blunted NETosis in response to phorbol myristate acetate and calcium influx. Metformin prevented membrane translocation of PKC-βII and activation of NADPH oxidase in neutrophils, both of which diminished the NETosis response. CONCLUSIONS Metformin treatment reduced the concentrations of NET components independently from glucose control. This effect was reproducible in vitro and was related to the inhibitory effect exerted by metformin on the PKC-NADPH oxidase pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Menegazzo
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129, Padua, Italy
| | - Valentina Scattolini
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129, Padua, Italy
| | - Roberta Cappellari
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129, Padua, Italy
| | - Benedetta Maria Bonora
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129, Padua, Italy
| | - Mattia Albiero
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129, Padua, Italy
| | - Mario Bortolozzi
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129, Padua, Italy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padova, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Filippo Romanato
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padova, 35131, Padua, Italy
- IOM-CNR, ss.14 km 163.5, 34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giulio Ceolotto
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Angelo Avogaro
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Gian Paolo Fadini
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy.
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129, Padua, Italy.
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Zhang J, Chen C, Li L, Zhou HJ, Li F, Zhang H, Yu L, Chen Y, Min W. Endothelial AIP1 Regulates Vascular Remodeling by Suppressing NADPH Oxidase-2. Front Physiol 2018; 9:396. [PMID: 29731721 PMCID: PMC5921534 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: AIP1 expression is downregulated in human atherosclerotic plaques and global deletion of AIP1 in mice exacerbates atherosclerosis in ApoE-KO mouse models. However, the direct role of AIP1 in endothelium, vascular remodeling and associated vascular diseases has not been determined. Approach and Results: We used endothelial cell (EC)-specific AIP1-deficient (AIP1-ECKO) mice to define the role of AIP1 in vascular remodeling and intima-media thickening in a mouse carotid artery ligation model characterized by both neointimal hyperplasia and inward vessel remodeling. Compared to WT littermates, AIP1-ECKO mice had 2.2-fold larger intima area and 4.4-fold thicker intima as measured by intima/media ratio in arteries with more proliferating vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) at week 2-4 post-injury. Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) in endothelium at early time points induced inflammation and vessel dysfunction in AIP1-ECKO prior to VSMC accumulations. Moreover, knockdown of AIP1 in human EC enhanced ROS generation which was attenuated by co-silencing of NOX2. Mechanistically, AIP1 via its proline-rich region binds to the SH3 domain of cytosolic subunit p47phox to disrupt formation of an active NOX2 complex, attenuating ROS production. Conclusion: Our study supports that AIP1 regulates vascular remodeling with intima-media thickening by suppressing endothelial NOX2-dependent oxidative stress. Highlights: •In a carotid ligation model, endothelial cell (EC)-specific AIP1-deficient (AIP1-ECKO) mice had much larger media area, thicker vessel wall and augmented neointima formation.•Increased production of reactive oxygen species in vascular EC at early time points concomitant with vessel dysfunction in AIP1-ECKO.•AIP1 via its proline-rich region binds to the SH3 domain of cytosolic subunit p47phox to disrupt formation of an active NOX2 complex, attenuating ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiqin Zhang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology and The Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Chaofei Chen
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology and The Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Li Li
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huanjiao J. Zhou
- Department of Pathology and The Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Fenghe Li
- Department of Pathology and The Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Department of Pathology and The Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Luyang Yu
- Institute of Genetics, Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuxin Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Wang Min
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology and The Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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Paloschi MV, Boeno CN, Lopes JA, Eduardo Dos Santos da Rosa A, Pires WL, Pontes AS, da Silva Setúbal S, Soares AM, Zuliani JP. Role of l-amino acid oxidase isolated from Calloselasma rhodostoma venom on neutrophil NADPH oxidase complex activation. Toxicon 2018; 145:48-55. [PMID: 29499246 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The action of Cr-LAAO, an l-amino acid oxidase isolated from Calloselasma rhodosthoma snake venom, on NADPH oxidase activation in isolated human neutrophil function was investigated. This enzyme has an intrinsic activity of hydrogen peroxide production. Cr-LAAO, in its native form, induces the ROS production in neutrophil and migration of cytosolic NADPH oxidase components p40phox, p47phox and p67phox to the membrane, and Rac, a GTPase protein member, with the involvement of intracellular signaling mediated by phospho PKC-α. In its inactive form, iCr-LAAO does not induce NADPH oxidase activation in neutrophil showing that the intrinsic enzymatic activity does not have a role in this process, suggesting that its primary structure is essential for the cell's stimulation. Accordingly, the data showed for the first time that the Cr-LAAO has a role in NADPH oxidase complex activation triggering relevant proinflammatory events in human neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Valentino Paloschi
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Charles Nunes Boeno
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Amaral Lopes
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | | | - Weverson Luciano Pires
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Adriana Silva Pontes
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Sulamita da Silva Setúbal
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Andreimar Martins Soares
- Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde (CEBio), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia e Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Juliana Pavan Zuliani
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil; Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde (CEBio), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia e Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil.
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46
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Sagoo MK, Gnudi L. Diabetic nephropathy: Is there a role for oxidative stress? Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 116:50-63. [PMID: 29305106 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy. Studies in experimental animal models of diabetes strongly implicate oxidant species as a major determinant in the pathophysiology of diabetic kidney disease. The translation, in the clinical setting, of these concepts have been quite disappointing, and new theories have challenged the concepts that oxidative stress per se plays a role in the pathophysiology of diabetic kidney disease. The concept of mitochondrial hormesis has been introduced to explain this apparent disconnect. Hormesis is intended as any cellular process that exhibits a biphasic response to exposure to increasing amounts of a substance or condition: specifically, in diabetic kidney disease, oxidant species may represent, at determined concentration, an essential and potentially protective factor. It could be postulated that excessive production or inhibition of oxidant species formation might result in an adverse phenotype. This review discusses the evidence underlying these two apparent contradicting concepts, with the aim to propose and speculate on potential mechanisms underlying the role of oxidant species in the pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy and possibly open future more efficient therapies to be tested in the clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manpreet K Sagoo
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Luigi Gnudi
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK.
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47
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Nosáí R, DráBiková K, Jančinová V, Mačičková T, Pečivová J, Perečko T, Harmatha J. Pharmacological intervention with oxidative burst in human neutrophils. Interdiscip Toxicol 2018; 10:56-60. [PMID: 30123038 PMCID: PMC6096857 DOI: 10.1515/intox-2017-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we investigated the effect of five therapeutically used drugs and four natural polyphenolic compounds on the mechanism of oxidative burst of human neutrophils concerning their participation in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The compounds investigated decreased the oxidative burst of whole blood in the rank order of potency: N-feruloylserotonin > quercetin > curcumin > arbutin > dithiaden > carvedilol. The generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species in isolated neutrophils decreased in the same rank order, while carvedilol was ineffective. Scavenging of extracellular oxygen radicals followed the rank order of potency: N-feruloylserotonin > curcumin > quercetin > dithiaden. Arbutin and carvedilol had no effect. All compounds tested increased the activity of caspase-3 in cell-free system indicating a positive effect on apoptosis of neutrophils. Activation of protein kinase C was significantly decreased by dithiaden, curcumin, quercetin and N-feruloylserotonin. Carvedilol, dithiaden, quercetin and arbutin reduced activated neutrophil myeloperoxidase release more significantly compared with their less pronounced effect on superoxide generation The presented results are indicative of pharmacological intervention with neutrophils in pathological processes. Of particular interest was the effect of natural compounds. Intracellular inhibition of oxidative burst in isolated neutrophils by the drugs tested and natural antioxidants has to be further analysed since ROS play an important role in immunological responses of neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rado Nosáí
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Katarína DráBiková
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Viera Jančinová
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Tatiana Mačičková
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Jana Pečivová
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Tomáš Perečko
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Juraj Harmatha
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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48
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Santos GB, Ribeiro AC, Lima SN, Trostchansky A, Cerdeira CD, Brigagão MR. Nitroxide Tempol down-regulates kinase activities associated with NADPH oxidase function in phagocytic cells and potentially decreases their fungicidal response. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 279:203-209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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49
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Beaumel S, Picciocchi A, Debeurme F, Vivès C, Hesse AM, Ferro M, Grunwald D, Stieglitz H, Thepchatri P, Smith SME, Fieschi F, Stasia MJ. Down-regulation of NOX2 activity in phagocytes mediated by ATM-kinase dependent phosphorylation. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 113:1-15. [PMID: 28916473 PMCID: PMC5699957 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
NADPH oxidases (NOX) have many biological roles, but their regulation to control production of potentially toxic ROS molecules remains unclear. A previously identified insertion sequence of 21 residues (called NIS) influences NOX activity, and its predicted flexibility makes it a good candidate for providing a dynamic switch controlling the NOX active site. We constructed NOX2 chimeras in which NIS had been deleted or exchanged with those from other NOXs (NIS1, 3 and 4). All contained functional heme and were expressed normally at the plasma membrane of differentiated PLB-985 cells. However, NOX2-ΔNIS and NOX2-NIS1 had neither NADPH-oxidase nor reductase activity and exhibited abnormal translocation of p47phox and p67phox to the phagosomal membrane. This suggested a functional role of NIS. Interestingly after activation, NOX2-NIS3 cells exhibited superoxide overproduction compared with wild-type cells. Paradoxically, the Vmax of purified unstimulated NOX2-NIS3 was only one-third of that of WT-NOX2. We therefore hypothesized that post-translational events regulate NOX2 activity and differ between NOX2-NIS3 and WT-NOX2. We demonstrated that Ser486, a phosphorylation target of ataxia telangiectasia mutated kinase (ATM kinase) located in the NIS of NOX2 (NOX2-NIS), was phosphorylated in purified cytochrome b558 after stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA). Moreover, ATM kinase inhibition and a NOX2 Ser486Ala mutation enhanced NOX activity whereas a Ser486Glu mutation inhibited it. Thus, the absence of Ser486 in NIS3 could explain the superoxide overproduction in the NOX2-NIS3 mutant. These results suggest that PMA-stimulated NOX2-NIS phosphorylation by ATM kinase causes a dynamic switch that deactivates NOX2 activity. We hypothesize that this downregulation is defective in NOX2-NIS3 mutant because of the absence of Ser486.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Beaumel
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, TIMC-IMAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France; CDiReC, Pôle Biologie, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble F-38043, France
| | - Antoine Picciocchi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, F-38044 Grenoble, France
| | - Franck Debeurme
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, TIMC-IMAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Corinne Vivès
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, F-38044 Grenoble, France
| | - Anne-Marie Hesse
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, Laboratoire de Biologie à Grande Echelle, Grenoble F-38054, France; Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INSERM, Laboratoire de Biologie du Cancer et de l'infection, Grenoble F-38000, France
| | - Myriam Ferro
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, Laboratoire de Biologie à Grande Echelle, Grenoble F-38054, France
| | - Didier Grunwald
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INSERM, Laboratoire de Biologie du Cancer et de l'infection, Grenoble F-38000, France
| | - Heather Stieglitz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Pahk Thepchatri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Susan M E Smith
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Franck Fieschi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, F-38044 Grenoble, France
| | - Marie José Stasia
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, TIMC-IMAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France; CDiReC, Pôle Biologie, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble F-38043, France.
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50
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Li Y, Lv M, Su C, Long S, Zhang W, Conway KL, Li W, Xavier RJ, Shi HN. p40 phox -Deficient Mice Exhibit Impaired Bacterial Clearance and Enhanced Pro-inflammatory Responses during Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium Infection. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1270. [PMID: 29062317 PMCID: PMC5640886 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is a major cause of acute gastroenteritis in humans. During infection, reactive oxygen species (ROS), generated from NADPH oxidase (a multisubunit enzyme complex), are required for pathogen killing upon phagocytosis and for regulating pro-inflammatory signaling in phagocytic cells. Mutations in subunits forming the NADPH complex may lead to enhanced susceptibility to infection and inflammatory disease. Compared to other NADPH oxidase subunits, the function of p40phox is relatively understudied, particularly in the context of intestinal bacterial infection. In this study, we utilized genetically engineered mice to determine the role of p40phox in the response to S. Typhimurium infection. We show that mice lacking p40phox are more susceptible to oral infection with S. Typhimurium, as demonstrated by significantly enhanced bacterial dissemination to spleen and liver, and development of exacerbated bacterial colitis. Moreover, we demonstrate that the increased infection and disease severity are correlated with markedly increased F4/80+ macrophage and Ly6G+ neutrophil infiltration in the infected tissues, coincident with significantly elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α) and chemoattractant molecules in the infected tissues. Functional analysis of macrophages and neutrophils further shows that p40phox deficiency impairs bacteria- or PMA-induced intracellular ROS production as well as intracellular killing of Salmonella. These observations indicate that the p40phox subunit of NADPH oxidase plays an essential role in suppressing intracellular multiplication of Salmonella in macrophages and in the regulation of both systemic and mucosal inflammatory responses to bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Li
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Zhejiang University College of Animal Sciences, Hangzhou, China.,Animal Nutrition and Human Health Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Meili Lv
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chienwen Su
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shaorong Long
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Wei Zhang
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Qinghai University Medical College, Xining, China
| | - Kara L Conway
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Weifen Li
- Zhejiang University College of Animal Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hai Ning Shi
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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