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Okada I. Interaction of the B locus and the GVHR-selected lines in the graft-versus-host reaction in chickens. ANIMAL BLOOD GROUPS AND BIOCHEMICAL GENETICS 2009; 13:273-8. [PMID: 7171129 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.1982.tb01570.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Genetic differences affecting the degree of splenomegaly in the graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR) of chickens were studied. Two B genotypes, B9 B9 and B11 B11, and two GVHR-selected lines, H and L, were examined. The degree of splenomegaly of B9 B9 leads to B11 B11 was significantly higher than that of B11 B11 leads to B9 B9 for all line combinations. In contrast, the inoculation of H into L gave consistently higher splenomegaly than that of L into H. This suggested that the effects of B locus were higher in hosts than in donors, while those of the GVHR-selected lines were higher in donors than in hosts. The analysis of variance revealed that both the differences between the reciprocal combination of B genotypes and between the GVHR line combinations were statistically highly significant. Furthermore, the interaction of B genotypes and GVHR lines was also highly significant.
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The Avian MHC-Antigen System. J Poult Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.39.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Bacon LD. Influence of the major histocompatibility complex on disease resistance and productivity. Poult Sci 1987; 66:802-11. [PMID: 3306645 DOI: 10.3382/ps.0660802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Publications in which chickens of different B haplotypes were studied for differences in disease resistance or productivity traits are reviewed. The most prominent effects on diseases are those involving tumors, but other examples involving autoimmune disease and microbial infections not resulting in neoplasia or autoimmunity are also cited. Each referenced disease paper is briefly defined with regard to: population used, B alleles present, and the most resistant B types. Studies citing B haplotype influences on productivity and reproductive fitness traits are summarized and the most desirable B genes in each referenced population are given. Plausible mechanisms of the B haplotype's influence on the traits are briefly discussed. Based on the evidence reviewed for disease resistance and productivity traits and the central role of B-complex genes in immune function, it is concluded that poultry breeders should develop B-genotype information in their base breeding populations and use those types yielding optimal performance.
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Cotter PF, Taylor RL, Wing TL, Briles WE. Major histocompatibility (B) complex-associated differences in the delayed wattle reaction to staphylococcal antigen. Poult Sci 1987; 66:203-8. [PMID: 3588485 DOI: 10.3382/ps.0660203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The influence of the major histocompatibility (B) complex on the delayed wattle reaction (DWR) to Staphylococcus aureus was studied in 109 segregants (B2/B2, B2/B5, and B5/B5) of a fourth generation cross between inbred Regional Poultry Research Laboratory lines 6(1) and 15(1). Chickens were sensitized at 6 weeks of age with S. aureus antigen. One week later, DWR was evaluated by injecting the right wattle with S. aureus antigen. Thickness measurements were taken 4, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hr after injection. A quadratic equation model was used for each bird to calculate maximum wattle thickness, hour of maximum response, and rate of response development and decline. In males, the maximum wattle thickness in response to S. aureus antigen was significantly greater in B2/B5 heterozygotes (1.77 +/- .07 mm) than in either homozygote, B2/B2 (1.36 +/- .13 mm) or B5/B5 (1.39 +/- .08 mm). Heterozygous males reached maximum response sooner and recovered more quickly than homozygous males but these differences were not statistically significant. In females, response developed later than in males but no B complex effect was detected in either rate of development or maximum response.
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Wolf H, Hála K, Boyd RL, Wick G. MHC- and non-MHC-encoded surface antigens of chicken lymphoid cells and erythrocytes recognized by polyclonal xeno-, allo- and monoclonal antibodies. Eur J Immunol 1984; 14:831-9. [PMID: 6479208 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830140912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Surface antigens on chicken thymus and bursa cells were analyzed by immunoprecipitation using polyclonal and monoclonal antisera raised against (and specific for) thymus (ATS) or bursa (ABS) cells, respectively. The antigens identified were compared with those governed by the B-F, B-L and B-G regions of the chicken major histocompatibility complex (B complex). Four proteins were precipitated from thymus cells by 2 polyclonal ATS: both antisera recognized molecules of apparent molecular mass of 172-182, 132-135, 75-76 kDa, and one antiserum in addition recognized a protein of 102 kDa. The 172-182 and 102-kDa peaks were still demonstrable under reducing conditions indicating that they are composed of a single polypeptide chain, the other 2 were lost under reducing conditions, therefore, must be composed of smaller subunits. Of the 2 monoclonal ATS tested, one identified a single protein of 186 kDa and the other a 135-kDa protein (in addition to 2 smaller molecules); whether these are the same as those precipitated by the polyclonal antisera remains to be determined as they behaved differently under reducing conditions. Proteins of 162 and 78-84 kDa were revealed by 2 polyclonal ABS under nonreducing conditions but the former may in one case be a polymer (it disappeared under reducing conditions) and in the other a single molecule. In addition molecules of 182 kDa were identified by one antiserum and of 84 and 60 kDa by the other under nonreducing conditions. Of the 4 monoclonal ABS only one identified a 200-kDa protein: molecules of 115-125, 90-100, 48-52 and 40-43 kDa were also precipitated, all of which were reduced to smaller molecules. With 2 specific anti-B-F alloantisera we were able to precipitate the "conventional" B-F antigen from red blood cell lysates of CB-strain chickens resolving into a 40-kDa peak and a light chain of about 12 kDa corresponding to beta 2 microglobulin. Precipitates from peripheral blood lymphocytes, bursa and thymus cells revealed an additional protein of 22 kDa. With 2 specific B-L alloantisera two peaks of 33 kDa and 31 kDa were obtained from peripheral blood lymphocytes. Using anti-B-G alloantisera a double band corresponding to 47 and 42 kDa was seen under reducing conditions. There is no evidence from these data to indicate that the polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies are directed towards major histocompatibility complex antigens.
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Shen PF, Smith EJ, Bacon LD. The ontogeny of blood cells, complement, and immunoglobulins in 3- to 12-week-old 15I5-B congenic white Leghorn chickens. Poult Sci 1984; 63:1083-93. [PMID: 6739398 DOI: 10.3382/ps.0631083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Six partially developed line 15I5-B congenic White Leghorn chicken strains were used to investigate age and B haplotype effects on hematocrit, total and differential leukocyte counts, hemolytic complement, immunoglobulins, and body weights. The .C-12 line had the lowest hematocrit values throughout the study. The .15I-5 line always had the highest mean hematocrit value and differed from the .C-12 and .P-13 lines at 3, 8, and 12 weeks, as well as lines .N-15 and .6-2 at 12 weeks. Ontogenically, the total leukocyte, hemolytic complement, immunoglobulins, and body weight values increased after 3 weeks in all lines. Lymphocytes were the predominant leukocyte after 3 weeks in all lines studied. At 12 weeks, the .C-12 line had the highest total leukocytes, heterophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes among the lines studied. The .6-2 line had a significantly higher hemolytic complement level than the .P-13 or the .C-12 line at all 3 ages, and at 12 weeks it also differed from the .7-2 line. The lines were found to be comparable for immunoglobulin classes M and G. In this study the line 15I5-B congenic lines differ for the traits of hematocrit and hemolytic complement level, and the results suggest the difference may be determined by genes in the B complex.
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Havele C, Wegmann TG, Longenecker BM. Tolerance and autoimmunity to erythroid differentiation (B-G) major histocompatibility complex alloantigens of the chicken. J Exp Med 1982; 156:321-36. [PMID: 6124577 PMCID: PMC2186751 DOI: 10.1084/jem.156.2.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic chimeras were produced at four different stages of ontogeny between two allogeneic strains of chickens. All chimeras produced by parabiosis at day 12 of embryogenesis and the majority (83%) of the ones produced at day 15 by intravenous injection of allogeneic stem cells remained healthy, chimeric, and specifically tolerant at both the humoral and cell-mediated level throughout a long examination period. Chimeras generated at day 17 of embryogenesis demonstrated specific unresponsiveness at the cell-mediated level but produced specific anti-donor alloantibodies directed against erythrocyte-associated major histocompatibility complex (MHC) (B-G) antigens. These chimeras and a minority (17%) of the chimeras generated at day 15 of embryogenesis developed severe antibody-mediated autoimmune hemolytic anemia after the 5th mo of age and succumbed to massive bursal lymphomas and metastases by the 10th mo of age. The immunological and pathological characteristics of these birds appear to reflect an autoimmune state rather than one of tolerance. Erythroid chimeras generated at day 21 of ontogenic development displayed normal levels of GVH reactivity. These birds were eventually able to eliminate the chimeric state and remained healthy until deliberately killed. These results show that there is a critical period in embryogenesis during which the induction of allogeneic erythrocytic chimerism leads to the development, in adult life, of severe autoimmune anemia, B cell lymphomas, and death. B-G MHC antigens are erythroid differentiation antigens of the chicken. Polymorphic determinants on B-G antigens appear to be important cross-reactive determinants (with environmental bacteria), against which a high background immunity exists. Evidence is presented that the immune response to B-G antigens is responsible for the development of autoimmunity and other pathological events that follow and that tolerance to class I MHC antigens (B-F antigens) shared by lymphocytes erythrocytes is maintained at the same time that B-G tolerance is broken.
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Longenecker BM, Mosmann TR. Structure and properties of the major histocompatibility complex of the chicken. Speculations on the advantages and evolution of polymorphism. Immunogenetics 1981; 13:1-23. [PMID: 6262224 DOI: 10.1007/bf00524601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Lee RW, Nordskog AW. Role of the immune-response region of the B complex in the control of the graft-vs-host reaction in chickens. Immunogenetics 1981; 13:85-92. [PMID: 6785210 DOI: 10.1007/bf00524606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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A strong, preferential response of mice to polymorphic antigenic determinants of the chicken MHC, analyzed with mouse hybridoma (monoclonal) antibodies. Immunogenetics 1979. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01570404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Differential mortality and lesion responses to reticuloendotheliosis virus infection in Marek's disease-resistant and susceptible chicken lines. Immunogenetics 1978; 7:169-72. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01844003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/1978] [Revised: 03/06/1978] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Histocompatibility typing by cellular radioimmunoassay. Immunogenetics 1978; 7:201-11. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01844008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/1978] [Revised: 08/21/1978] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Longenecker BM, Pazderka F, Gavora JS, Spencer JL, Stephens EA, Witter RL, Ruth RF. Role of the major histocompatibility complex in resistance to Marek's disease: restriction of the growth of JMV-MD tumor cells in genetically resistant birds. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1977; 88:287-98. [PMID: 21547 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-4169-7_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
B21 is associated with resistance to Marek's disease (MD). Forty populations of chickens from all over the world were examined for the presence of the B21 allele. B21 was found in twelve of these populations and it's presence was confirmed by GVH testing in all ten populations which were tested. The populations in which B21 was detected represent the extreme production types of the species and include the progenitor of the species, the Red Jungle Fowl. Our studies suggest that B21 may have strong survival value for the species. An allogeneic transplantable lymphoma of MD, the JMV tumor cell line, grows more slowly in MD resistant (B21/B21) chicks than in MD susceptible (B2/B2) chicks. This is the first direct evidence that genetic resistance to MD may involve an active (immunological?) restriction of tumor cell growth. JMV cells were further characterized as a transplant of B1 carrying lymphoblastoid cells, an allele which may be associated with susceptibility to MD.
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Kubo RT, Yamaga K, Abplanalp HA. Isolation and partial characterization of the major histocompatibility antigen in the chicken. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1977; 88:209-20. [PMID: 335845 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-4169-7_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Bacon LD, Sundick RS, Rose NR. Genetic and cellular control of spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis in OS chickens. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1977; 88:309-18. [PMID: 303450 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-4169-7_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
B-locus genotypes have been defined in Obese strain (OS) chickens that spontaneously develop autoimmune thyroiditis (SAT), and in White Leghorn Cornell C strain (CS) chickens from which the OS was selected. The B-locus influences SAT, and some possible mechanisms are discussed. Thymic abnormalities in OS, as contrasted with CB birds, are also discussed and may play a role in SAT, as may an intrinsic defect in the thyroid gland itself.
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Pazderka F, Longenecker BM, Law GRJ, Stone HA, Ruth RF. Histocompatibility of chicken populations selected for resistance to Marek's disease. Immunogenetics 1975. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01572279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ruscetti SK, Gill TH, Kunz HW. The genetic control of the antibody response in inbred rats. Mol Cell Biochem 1975; 7:145-56. [PMID: 1152844 DOI: 10.1007/bf01731405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The antibody response of genetically inbred rats to poly(Glu52Lys33Tyr15) is controlled by a complex polygenic system which includes at least two autosomal genes and a sex influence, which may also be genetically determined. The genetic control of the quantity, binding constants, and specificity of the antibody formed linked to the major histocompatibility locus. Factors other than the major genetic ones and the sex influence also affect the quantity of antibody formed, since animals of the same genotype can make significantly different amounts of antibody, depending upon the crosses by which they acquire the major histocompatibility alleles. After immunization with poly(Glu52Lys33Tyr15) the low responders make fewer antibody-producing cells, are not capable of mounting a delayed hypersensitivity reaction to the polypeptide and appear to be deficient in their ability to produce the specific IgM antibody. Immunization of the low responders with antigen aggregated with methylated bovine serum albumin enhances the quantity of antibody formed, increases the binding constants and crossreactivity of the antibody and enhances the delayed hypersensitivity response. In contrast to the findings with the L-amino acid polypeptide, there does not appear to be any genetic control over the antibody response to the D-amino acid enantiomorph poly(DGlu52DLys33DTyr15), which is minimal in all strains.
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Weber WT. Avian B lymphocyte subpopulations: origins and functional capacities. Immunol Rev 1975; 24:113-58. [PMID: 49961 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.1975.tb00167.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Longenecker BM, Pazderka F, Ruth RF. MODIFICATION BY HERPESVIRUS OF HEREDITARY GVHR COMPETENCY. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1975. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.1975.tb00506.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Donnelly N, Brand A, Gilmour DG. Bursal and thymic alloantigen expression in lymphoid tissues of the chicken. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1975; 64:293-302. [PMID: 1081818 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-3261-9_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Wick G, Sundick RS, Albini B. A review: The obese strain (OS) of chickens: an animal model with spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis. CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY 1974; 3:272-300. [PMID: 4217680 DOI: 10.1016/0090-1229(74)90015-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Karakoz I, Krejci J, Hála K, Blaszczyk B, Hraba T, Pekárek J. Genetic determination of tuberculin hypersensitivity in chicken inbred lines. Eur J Immunol 1974; 4:545-8. [PMID: 4213124 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830040805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Günther E, Balcarová J, Hála K, Rüde E, Hraba T. Evidence for an association between immune responsiveness of chicken to (T, G)-A--L and the major histocompatibility system. Eur J Immunol 1974; 4:548-53. [PMID: 4413330 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830040806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Miggiano VC, Birgen I, Pink JR. The mixed leukocyte reaction in chickens. Evidence for control by the major histocompatibility complex. Eur J Immunol 1974; 4:397-401. [PMID: 4278328 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830040602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Toivanen P, Toivanen A, Sorvari T. Incomplete restoration of the bursa-dependent immune system after transplantation of allogeneic stem cells into immunodeficient chicks. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1974; 71:957-61. [PMID: 4150769 PMCID: PMC388136 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.71.3.957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of allogeneic cells from bursa of Fabricius into cyclophosphamide-treated, immunodeficient chicks resulted in immunological tolerance to donor line skin grafts; graft-versus-host disease did not occur. Allogeneic bursal stem cells taken from 3-day-old donors induced restoration of bursal morphology, of antibody formation to Brucella abortus and of occurrence of pyroninophilic cells and immunoglobulin-bearing cells in the peripheral lymphoid tissues. Secondary response to sheep red blood cells and production of germinal centers were not restored. Transplantation of histocompatible bursal stem cells resulted in a complete reconstitution of the bursa-dependent lymphoid system, both in function and in morphology. Allogeneic postbursal stem cells taken from the bursa of 10-week-old donors had a reconstitutive effect only on the production of antibodies to Brucella. Transplanted stem cells maintained their functional potential in the allogeneic environment, since, when transferred back to histocompatible hosts, they displayed normal function. These findings indicate that a complete functional and morphological restoration of the bursa-dependent immune system cannot be achieved without identity of the donor and recipient at loci near to or identical with those determining the major histocompatibility antigens, even though graft-versus-host disease is avoided. This identity permits a full cooperation of the donor and host cells.
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Longenecker BM, Pazderka F, Law GR, Ruth RF. The graft-versus-host reaction to minor alloantigens. Cell Immunol 1973; 8:1-11. [PMID: 4147176 DOI: 10.1016/0008-8749(73)90088-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Wong SY, Pazderka F, Longenecker BM, Law GR, Ruth RF. Immobilization of lymphocytes at surfaces by alloantibodies. IMMUNOLOGICAL COMMUNICATIONS 1972; 1:597-613. [PMID: 4680357 DOI: 10.3109/08820137209022967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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