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Chabrerie A, Arenas F. What if the upwelling weakens? Effects of rising temperature and nutrient depletion on coastal assemblages. Oecologia 2024:10.1007/s00442-024-05571-6. [PMID: 38836933 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-024-05571-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Surface temperature of the oceans has increased globally over the past decades. In coastal areas influenced by eastern boundary upwelling systems (EBUS), winds push seawater offshore and deep, cold and nutrient-rich seawater rise towards the surface, partially buffering global warming. On the North coast of Portugal, the NW Iberian upwelling system allows extensive kelp forests to thrive in these "boreal-like" conditions, fostering highly diverse and productive communities. However, the warming of the upper layer of the ocean may weaken this upwelling, leading to higher sea surface temperature and lower nutrient input in the coastal areas. The effects of these changes on the structure and function of coastal ecosystems remain unexplored. The present study aimed to examine the combined effects of elevated temperature and nutrient depletion on semi-naturally structured assemblages. The eco-physiological responses investigated included growth, chlorophyll fluorescence and metabolic rates at the levels of individual species and whole assemblages. Our findings showed interactive effects of the combination of elevated temperature with nutrient depletion on the large canopy-forming species (i.e., kelp). As main contributor to community response, those effects drove the whole assemblage responses to significant losses in productivity levels. We also found an additive effect of elevated temperature and reduced nutrients on sub-canopy species (i.e., Chondrus crispus), while turfs were only affected by temperature. Our results suggest that under weakening upwelling scenarios, the ability of the macroalgal assemblages to maintain high productivity rates could be seriously affected and predict a shift in community composition with the loss of marine forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Chabrerie
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Francisco Arenas
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal.
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2
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Timanikova N, Fletcher K, Han JW, van West P, Woodward S, Kim GH, Küpper FC, Wenzel M. Macroalgal eukaryotic microbiome composition indicates novel phylogenetic diversity and broad host spectrum of oomycete pathogens. Environ Microbiol 2024; 26:e16656. [PMID: 38818657 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Seaweeds are important components of marine ecosystems with emerging potential in aquaculture and as sources of biofuel, food products and pharmacological compounds. However, an increasingly recognised threat to natural and industrial seaweed populations is infection with parasitic single-celled eukaryotes from the relatively understudied oomycete lineage. Here we examine the eukaryomes of diverse brown, red and green marine macroalgae collected from polar (Baffin Island), cold-temperate (Falkland Islands) and tropical (Ascension Island) locations, with a focus on oomycete and closely related diatom taxa. Using 18S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, we show unexpected genetic and taxonomic diversity of the eukaryomes, a strong broad-brush association between eukaryome composition and geographic location, and some evidence of association between eukaryome structure and macroalgal phylogenetic relationships (phylosymbiosis). However, the oomycete fraction of the eukaryome showed disparate patterns of diversity and structure, highlighting much weaker association with geography and no evidence of phylosymbiosis. We present several novel haplotypes of the most common oomycete Eurychasma dicksonii and report for the first time a cosmopolitan distribution and absence of host specificity of this important pathogen. This indicates rich diversity in macroalgal oomycete pathogens and highlights that these pathogens may be generalist and highly adaptable to diverse environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyle Fletcher
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- Oceanlab, University of Aberdeen, Newburgh, UK
- Aberdeen Oomycete Laboratory, International Centre for Aquaculture Research and Development, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Jon-Wong Han
- Kongju National University, Gongju, South Chungcheong Province, South Korea
| | - Pieter van West
- Aberdeen Oomycete Laboratory, International Centre for Aquaculture Research and Development, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Steve Woodward
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Gwang-Hoon Kim
- Kongju National University, Gongju, South Chungcheong Province, South Korea
| | - Frithjof C Küpper
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- Kongju National University, Gongju, South Chungcheong Province, South Korea
- Marine Biodiscovery Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Marius Wenzel
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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3
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Lanari M, Busk T, Holmer M, Möller-Raid T, Torn K, Schubert H, Quintana CO. From sink to source: Dynamic of greenhouse gases emissions from beach wrack accumulations in a temperate coastal bay. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 925:171783. [PMID: 38503390 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Coastal ecosystems such as salt marshes, seagrass meadows, and kelp forests contribute to climate regulation as carbon sinks. However, coastal ecosystems may act as carbon sources as beach wrack accumulations may release greenhouse gases (GHG) during decomposition. The magnitude of GHG emissions of beach wrack accumulations under natural conditions are poorly understood, hampering accurate blue carbon accountings. In this study, we assessed the spatio-temporal variability and environmental factors driving CO2, CH4 and N2O emissions from beach wrack accumulations on a temperate sandy beach. Beach wrack accumulations, dominated by Zostera marina and opportunistic brown macroalgae, presented variable spatio-temporal dynamics. Annual beach wrack GHG emissions achieved up to 77,915 mg m-2 d-1 CO2e (CO2 equivalents) and varied largely throughout the study period due to interactive effects of temperature, wave exposure, beach wrack biomass moisture, abundance, and species composition. Our findings showed that methane emissions in new, freshly deposited, and in drifting wrack in the water reached up to 100 mg m-2 d-1, representing up to 57 % of annual CO2e emissions occurring throughout the year. Nitrous oxide emissions were highly variable and comprised a minor extent (i.e., up to 4 %) of annual CO2e emissions. Together, wrack CH4 and N2O emissions provided 13.69 g CO2 m-2 per year to the atmosphere. Our findings indicate that excessive opportunistic macroalgae biomass driven by eutrophication may explain increased CO2 and N2O emissions. We conclude that whilst beach wrack depositions are a natural and essential part of coastal ecosystems, they may provide an extra source of GHG to the atmosphere, potentially counteracting the role of vegetated coastal ecosystems as carbon sinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Lanari
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark.
| | - Thomas Busk
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Marianne Holmer
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Tiia Möller-Raid
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Mäealuse 14, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Kaire Torn
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Mäealuse 14, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Hendrik Schubert
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock 18059, Germany
| | - Cintia O Quintana
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark; SDU Climate Cluster, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark
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4
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James K, Macreadie PI, Burdett HL, Davies I, Kamenos NA. It's time to broaden what we consider a 'blue carbon ecosystem'. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17261. [PMID: 38712641 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Photoautotrophic marine ecosystems can lock up organic carbon in their biomass and the associated organic sediments they trap over millennia and are thus regarded as blue carbon ecosystems. Because of the ability of marine ecosystems to lock up organic carbon for millennia, blue carbon is receiving much attention within the United Nations' 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development as a nature-based solution (NBS) to climate change, but classically still focuses on seagrass meadows, mangrove forests, and tidal marshes. However, other coastal ecosystems could also be important for blue carbon storage, but remain largely neglected in both carbon cycling budgets and NBS strategic planning. Using a meta-analysis of 253 research publications, we identify other coastal ecosystems-including mud flats, fjords, coralline algal (rhodolith) beds, and some components or coral reef systems-with a strong capacity to act as blue carbon sinks in certain situations. Features that promote blue carbon burial within these 'non-classical' blue carbon ecosystems included: (1) balancing of carbon release by calcification via carbon uptake at the individual and ecosystem levels; (2) high rates of allochthonous organic carbon supply because of high particle trapping capacity; (3) high rates of carbon preservation and low remineralization rates; and (4) location in depositional environments. Some of these features are context-dependent, meaning that these ecosystems were blue carbon sinks in some locations, but not others. Therefore, we provide a universal framework that can evaluate the likelihood of a given ecosystem to behave as a blue carbon sink for a given context. Overall, this paper seeks to encourage consideration of non-classical blue carbon ecosystems within NBS strategies, allowing more complete blue carbon accounting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter I Macreadie
- Marine Research and Innovation Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Heidi L Burdett
- Umeå Marine Sciences Centre, Umeå University, Norrbyn, Sweden
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Nicholas A Kamenos
- Umeå Marine Sciences Centre, Umeå University, Norrbyn, Sweden
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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5
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Yoshinaga N, Miyamoto T, Goto M, Tanaka A, Numata K. Phenylboronic Acid-Functionalized Micelles Dual-Targeting Boronic Acid Transporter and Polysaccharides for siRNA Delivery into Brown Algae. JACS AU 2024; 4:1385-1395. [PMID: 38665671 PMCID: PMC11040673 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Brown algae play essential roles ecologically, practically, and evolutionarily because they maintain coastal areas, capture carbon dioxide, and produce valuable chemicals such as therapeutic drugs. To unlock their full potential, understanding the unique molecular biology of brown algae is imperative. Genetic engineering tools that regulate homeostasis in brown algae are essential for determining their biological mechanisms in detail. However, few methodologies have been developed to control gene expression due to the robust structural barriers of brown algae. To address this issue, we designed peptide-based, small interfering RNA (siRNA)-loaded micelles decorated with phenylboronic acid (PBA) ligands. The PBA ligands facilitated the cellular uptake of the micelles into a model brown alga, Ectocarpus siliculosus (E. Siliculosus), through chemical interaction with polysaccharides in the cell wall and biological recognition by boronic acid transporters on the plasma membrane. The micelles, featuring "kill two birds with one stone" ligands, effectively induced gene silencing related to auxin biosynthesis. As a result, the growth of E. siliculosus was temporarily inhibited without persistent genome editing. This study demonstrated the potential for exploring the characteristics of brown algae through a simple yet effective approach and presented a feasible system for delivering siRNA in brown algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Yoshinaga
- Biomacromolecule
Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable
Resource Science, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Institute
for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka-shi, Yamagata 997-0017, Japan
| | - Takaaki Miyamoto
- Biomacromolecule
Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable
Resource Science, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Mami Goto
- Biomacromolecule
Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable
Resource Science, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Atsuko Tanaka
- Department
of Chemistry, Biology and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nakagami-gun, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Keiji Numata
- Biomacromolecule
Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable
Resource Science, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Institute
for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka-shi, Yamagata 997-0017, Japan
- Department
of Material Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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6
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Khan N, Sudhakar K, Mamat R. Macroalgae farming for sustainable future: Navigating opportunities and driving innovation. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28208. [PMID: 38560151 PMCID: PMC10981073 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Seaweed cultivation has garnered significant interest, driven by its wide range of biomass benefits. However, comprehensive assessments from various perspectives are imperative to ensure the sustainable cultivation of seaweed. Biotic and Abiotic factors can significantly impact seaweed yield in complex commercial farming. Biotic factors include bacteria, fungi, viruses, and other algae, while abiotic factors include environmental conditions such as temperature, salinity, light intensity, and nutrient availability. Additionally, the susceptibility of seaweeds to pests and diseases further compounds the issue, leading to potential crop losses. This study endeavours to shed light on the immense potential of macroalgae cultivation and underscores the pressing need for scientific advancements in this field. The comprehensive review clearly explains the latest developments in seaweed cultivation and highlights significant advances from diverse seaweed research. Moreover, it provides insightful glimpses into possible future developments that could shape the trajectory of this promising industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida Khan
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, 26300, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
- Centre of Research in Advanced Fluid and Processes (Fluid Centre), Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, 26300, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - K. Sudhakar
- Centre for Automotive Engineering Centre, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Pekan, 26600, Malaysia
- Faculty of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Pekan, 26600, Pahang, Malaysia
- Energy Centre, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, 462003, India
| | - R. Mamat
- Centre for Automotive Engineering Centre, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Pekan, 26600, Malaysia
- Faculty of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Pekan, 26600, Pahang, Malaysia
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7
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Li X, Yang J, Zhao Y, Zhou S, Wu Y. Prediction and assessment of marine fisheries carbon sink in China based on a novel nonlinear grey Bernoulli model with multiple optimizations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 914:169769. [PMID: 38181964 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
The vigorous development of marine fisheries carbon sinks (MFCS) has become a momentous pathway to mitigate global warming and effectively cope with the climate crisis. Deservedly, based on clarifying mechanism of carbon sequestration, this paper designs a research paradigm for predicting and evaluating the potential of MFCS. Specifically, a novel nonlinear grey Bernoulli model, namely MFCSNGBM(1,1), is proposed by innovatively mining the original data law through adaptive cumulative series and introducing the compound Simpson formula to optimize background values. More precisely, we utilize a heuristic Grey Wolf Optimization algorithm to find the best power index, which enhances the adaptability. To prove usefulness and robustness of MFCSNGBM(1,1) model, yields of seven common shellfishes (oyster, clam, mussel, scallop, razor clam, bloody clam, and snail) and three main algae (kelp, pinnatifid undaria, and laver) are predicted and compared with six competing models. Based on prediction results, new model has the most accurate predictions, with all prediction errors being <10 %, and thus can achieve effective prediction of shellfish and algae production from 2022 to 2025. Further, the capacity and potential of MFCS in China are scientifically evaluated using a removable carbon sink model, considering various yield levels and biological parameters of shellfish and algae. The assessment results show that during the sample period, China's marine fisheries carbon sinks steadily increased with an annual growth rate of 57,000 tons. From 2022 to 2025, with support of policy of MFCS and improvement of disaster prevention and mitigation capacity, the potential of MFCS will be further released. The growth rate of MFCS will be increased to 94,000 tons per year, and its overall scale is expected to reach 2,198,245 tons by 2025, equivalent to fixing 8.06 million tons of CO2. The carbon sink's economic value is significantly estimated to be over 400 billion yuan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Li
- School of Economics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Institute of Marine Development, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jin Yang
- School of Economics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yufeng Zhao
- Institute of Marine Development, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; School of Management, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Shiwei Zhou
- School of Economics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Institute of Marine Development, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Yajie Wu
- College of Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
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8
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Lee J, Yang JH, Weber APM, Bhattacharya D, Kim WY, Yoon HS. Diurnal Rhythms in the Red Seaweed Gracilariopsis chorda are Characterized by Unique Regulatory Networks of Carbon Metabolism. Mol Biol Evol 2024; 41:msae012. [PMID: 38267085 PMCID: PMC10853006 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msae012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellular and physiological cycles are driven by endogenous pacemakers, the diurnal and circadian rhythms. Key functions such as cell cycle progression and cellular metabolism are under rhythmic regulation, thereby maintaining physiological homeostasis. The photoreceptors phytochrome and cryptochrome, in response to light cues, are central input pathways for physiological cycles in most photosynthetic organisms. However, among Archaeplastida, red algae are the only taxa that lack phytochromes. Current knowledge about oscillatory rhythms is primarily derived from model species such as Arabidopsis thaliana and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in the Viridiplantae, whereas little is known about these processes in other clades of the Archaeplastida, such as the red algae (Rhodophyta). We used genome-wide expression profiling of the red seaweed Gracilariopsis chorda and identified 3,098 rhythmic genes. Here, we characterized possible cryptochrome-based regulation and photosynthetic/cytosolic carbon metabolism in this species. We found a large family of cryptochrome genes in G. chorda that display rhythmic expression over the diurnal cycle and may compensate for the lack of phytochromes in this species. The input pathway gates regulatory networks of carbon metabolism which results in a compact and efficient energy metabolism during daylight hours. The system in G. chorda is distinct from energy metabolism in most plants, which activates in the dark. The green lineage, in particular, land plants, balance water loss and CO2 capture in terrestrial environments. In contrast, red seaweeds maintain a reduced set of photoreceptors and a compact cytosolic carbon metabolism to thrive in the harsh abiotic conditions typical of intertidal zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- JunMo Lee
- Department of Oceanography, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Kyungpook Institute of Oceanography, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Andreas P M Weber
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Debashish Bhattacharya
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Woe-Yeon Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 four), Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Hwan Su Yoon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
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9
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Sheehy J, Porter J, Bell M, Kerr S. Redefining blue carbon with adaptive valuation for global policy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168253. [PMID: 37926265 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Blue carbon has multiple definitions but is mostly defined, by criteria, as specific habitats or species: seagrass, saltmarsh, and mangrove. These qualifying criteria include significant capacity of carbon, long-term storage of carbon, feasibility of conservation to support carbon sequestration, and other criteria depending on the definition used. If 'blue carbon' habitats and species may change given new data, however, blue carbon will never fit a constant definition. As such, this approach underpins uncertainty in the blue carbon definition and impedes policy integration; policy frameworks require clear and unambiguous definitions. Global policy considers blue carbon for climate change mitigation through carbon trading. As such, the requirements for blue carbon inclusion in policy mechanisms are functionally determined by carbon trading verification agencies - Standard Setting Organisations (SSOs). In practice then, accreditation criteria override and make redundant the conditions used in criteria-based definitions of blue carbon. The definition of blue carbon would therefore be more effective in policy if simply aligned to the SSO's five criteria: an established baseline, additionality, permanence, leakage, and co-benefits. This paper presents a redefinition of blue carbon that is better aligned to policy application, accreditation criteria, and research agendas: This may include sedimentary stocks in addition to carbon stored in living biomass, which may be essential to protecting or maintaining sedimentary stocks of carbon, and with potential to be increased through protection and/or restoration. Alongside other recommendations, including a novel approach for adaptive accreditation and valuation, this paper explores how this redefinition of blue carbon would work in practice to support climate change mitigation, climate change adaptation, and biodiversity conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Sheehy
- International Centre for Island Technology, Heriot-Watt University, Orkney Campus, Robert Rendall Building, Franklin Road, Stromness, Orkney, Scotland KW16 3AW, UK.
| | - Jo Porter
- International Centre for Island Technology, Heriot-Watt University, Orkney Campus, Robert Rendall Building, Franklin Road, Stromness, Orkney, Scotland KW16 3AW, UK
| | - Michael Bell
- International Centre for Island Technology, Heriot-Watt University, Orkney Campus, Robert Rendall Building, Franklin Road, Stromness, Orkney, Scotland KW16 3AW, UK
| | - Sandy Kerr
- International Centre for Island Technology, Heriot-Watt University, Orkney Campus, Robert Rendall Building, Franklin Road, Stromness, Orkney, Scotland KW16 3AW, UK
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10
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Lammerant R, Norkko A, Gustafsson C. A functional perspective on the factors underpinning biomass-bound carbon stocks in coastal macrophyte communities. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 193:106289. [PMID: 38048659 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Coastal ecosystems have received international interest for their possible role in climate change mitigation, highlighting the importance of being able to assess and predict how changes in habitat distributions and their associated communities may impact the greenhouse gas sink potential of these vegetated seascapes. Importantly, the range and diversity of macrophytes within the vegetated seascape have different capacities to store C within their biomass and potentially sequester C depending on their functional trait characteristics. To bridge the present knowledge gaps in linking macrophyte traits to C storage in tissue, we (1) quantified biomass-bound C stocks within diverse macrophyte communities, separately for soft and hard bottom habitats and (2) explored the links between various traits of both vascular plants and macroalgae and their respective biomass-bound C stocks using structural equation modeling (SEM). We conducted a field survey where we sampled 6 soft bottom locations dominated by aquatic vascular plants and 6 hard bottom locations dominated by the brown algae Fucus vesiculosus in the Finnish archipelago. Macrophyte carbon stocks of hard bottom locations were an order of magnitude higher than those found in soft bottom locations. Biodiversity was associated with aquatic plant carbon stocks through mass ratio effects, highlighting that carbon stocks were positively influenced by the dominance of species with more acquisitive resource strategies, whereas age was the main driver of carbon in the mono-specific macroalgal communities. Overall, our results demonstrate that habitat type and dominating life-history strategies influenced the size of the organism-bound carbon stocks. Moreover, we showed the importance of accounting for the diversity of different traits to determine the drivers underpinning carbon storage in heterogenous seascapes composed of macrophyte communities with high functional diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roel Lammerant
- Tvärminne Zoological Station, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Hanko, Finland.
| | - Alf Norkko
- Tvärminne Zoological Station, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Hanko, Finland
| | - Camilla Gustafsson
- Tvärminne Zoological Station, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Hanko, Finland
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11
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Lee W, Kim DG, Perera RH, Kim JS, Cho Y, Lee JW, Seo CW, Lim YW. Diversity of Nigrospora ( Xylariales, Apiosporaceae) Species Identified in Korean Macroalgae Including Five Unrecorded Species. MYCOBIOLOGY 2023; 51:401-409. [PMID: 38179117 PMCID: PMC10763912 DOI: 10.1080/12298093.2023.2283272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Nigrospora (Xylariales, Apiosporaceae) consists of species of terrestrial plant endophytes and pathogens. Nigrospora has also been reported in marine environments such as mangroves, sea fans, and macroalgae. However, limited research has been conducted on Nigrospora associated with macroalgae. Here, we isolated Nigrospora species from three types of algae (brown, green, and red algae) from Korean islands (Chuja, Jeju, and Ulleung) based on phylogenetic analyses of multigenetic markers: the internal transcribed spacers (ITS), beta-tubulin (BenA), and translation elongation factor 1 (TEF1-α). A total of 17 Nigrospora strains were isolated from macroalgae and identified as nine distinct species. The majority of Nigrospora species (seven) were found on brown algae, followed by red algae (three), and then green algae (two). To our understanding, this study represents the first account of N. cooperae, N. covidalis, N. guilinensis, N. lacticolonia, N. osmanthi, N. pyriformis, and N. rubi occurring in marine environments. Additionally, this study provides the first report of the occurrence of N. cooperae, N. covidalis, N. guilinensis, N. lacticolonia, and N. osmanthi in South Korea. This study will provide valuable insights for future research exploring the functions of fungi in macroalgal communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonjun Lee
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Geon Kim
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Rekhani H. Perera
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Seon Kim
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoonhee Cho
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Won Lee
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Wan Seo
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Woon Lim
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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12
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Pessarrodona A, Franco-Santos RM, Wright LS, Vanderklift MA, Howard J, Pidgeon E, Wernberg T, Filbee-Dexter K. Carbon sequestration and climate change mitigation using macroalgae: a state of knowledge review. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:1945-1971. [PMID: 37437379 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
The conservation, restoration, and improved management of terrestrial forests significantly contributes to mitigate climate change and its impacts, as well as providing numerous co-benefits. The pressing need to reduce emissions and increase carbon removal from the atmosphere is now also leading to the development of natural climate solutions in the ocean. Interest in the carbon sequestration potential of underwater macroalgal forests is growing rapidly among policy, conservation, and corporate sectors. Yet, our understanding of whether carbon sequestration from macroalgal forests can lead to tangible climate change mitigation remains severely limited, hampering their inclusion in international policy or carbon finance frameworks. Here, we examine the results of over 180 publications to synthesise evidence regarding macroalgal forest carbon sequestration potential. We show that research efforts on macroalgae carbon sequestration are heavily skewed towards particulate organic carbon (POC) pathways (77% of data publications), and that carbon fixation is the most studied flux (55%). Fluxes leading directly to carbon sequestration (e.g. carbon export or burial in marine sediments) remain poorly resolved, likely hindering regional or country-level assessments of carbon sequestration potential, which are only available from 17 of the 150 countries where macroalgal forests occur. To solve this issue, we present a framework to categorize coastlines according to their carbon sequestration potential. Finally, we review the multiple avenues through which this sequestration can translate into climate change mitigation capacity, which largely depends on whether management interventions can increase carbon removal above a natural baseline or avoid further carbon emissions. We find that conservation, restoration and afforestation interventions on macroalgal forests can potentially lead to carbon removal in the order of 10's of Tg C globally. Although this is lower than current estimates of natural sequestration value of all macroalgal habitats (61-268 Tg C year-1 ), it suggests that macroalgal forests could add to the total mitigation potential of coastal blue carbon ecosystems, and offer valuable mitigation opportunities in polar and temperate areas where blue carbon mitigation is currently low. Operationalizing that potential will necessitate the development of models that reliably estimate the proportion of production sequestered, improvements in macroalgae carbon fingerprinting techniques, and a rethinking of carbon accounting methodologies. The ocean provides major opportunities to mitigate and adapt to climate change, and the largest coastal vegetated habitat on Earth should not be ignored simply because it does not fit into existing frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Pessarrodona
- UWA Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
- Conservation International, 2011 Crystal Dr., Suite 600, Arlington, VA, USA
- International Blue Carbon Institute, 42B Boat Quay, Singapore, 049831, Singapore
| | - Rita M Franco-Santos
- CSIRO Environment, Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre, Crawley, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Luka Seamus Wright
- UWA Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
- CSIRO Environment, Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre, Crawley, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Mathew A Vanderklift
- CSIRO Environment, Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre, Crawley, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jennifer Howard
- Conservation International, 2011 Crystal Dr., Suite 600, Arlington, VA, USA
- International Blue Carbon Institute, 42B Boat Quay, Singapore, 049831, Singapore
| | - Emily Pidgeon
- Conservation International, 2011 Crystal Dr., Suite 600, Arlington, VA, USA
- International Blue Carbon Institute, 42B Boat Quay, Singapore, 049831, Singapore
| | - Thomas Wernberg
- UWA Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
- Institute of Marine Research, Nye Flødevigveien 20, His, 4817, Norway
| | - Karen Filbee-Dexter
- UWA Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
- Institute of Marine Research, Nye Flødevigveien 20, His, 4817, Norway
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13
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Bansal S, Creed IF, Tangen BA, Bridgham SD, Desai AR, Krauss KW, Neubauer SC, Noe GB, Rosenberry DO, Trettin C, Wickland KP, Allen ST, Arias-Ortiz A, Armitage AR, Baldocchi D, Banerjee K, Bastviken D, Berg P, Bogard MJ, Chow AT, Conner WH, Craft C, Creamer C, DelSontro T, Duberstein JA, Eagle M, Fennessy MS, Finkelstein SA, Göckede M, Grunwald S, Halabisky M, Herbert E, Jahangir MMR, Johnson OF, Jones MC, Kelleway JJ, Knox S, Kroeger KD, Kuehn KA, Lobb D, Loder AL, Ma S, Maher DT, McNicol G, Meier J, Middleton BA, Mills C, Mistry P, Mitra A, Mobilian C, Nahlik AM, Newman S, O’Connell JL, Oikawa P, van der Burg MP, Schutte CA, Song C, Stagg CL, Turner J, Vargas R, Waldrop MP, Wallin MB, Wang ZA, Ward EJ, Willard DA, Yarwood S, Zhu X. Practical Guide to Measuring Wetland Carbon Pools and Fluxes. WETLANDS (WILMINGTON, N.C.) 2023; 43:105. [PMID: 38037553 PMCID: PMC10684704 DOI: 10.1007/s13157-023-01722-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Wetlands cover a small portion of the world, but have disproportionate influence on global carbon (C) sequestration, carbon dioxide and methane emissions, and aquatic C fluxes. However, the underlying biogeochemical processes that affect wetland C pools and fluxes are complex and dynamic, making measurements of wetland C challenging. Over decades of research, many observational, experimental, and analytical approaches have been developed to understand and quantify pools and fluxes of wetland C. Sampling approaches range in their representation of wetland C from short to long timeframes and local to landscape spatial scales. This review summarizes common and cutting-edge methodological approaches for quantifying wetland C pools and fluxes. We first define each of the major C pools and fluxes and provide rationale for their importance to wetland C dynamics. For each approach, we clarify what component of wetland C is measured and its spatial and temporal representativeness and constraints. We describe practical considerations for each approach, such as where and when an approach is typically used, who can conduct the measurements (expertise, training requirements), and how approaches are conducted, including considerations on equipment complexity and costs. Finally, we review key covariates and ancillary measurements that enhance the interpretation of findings and facilitate model development. The protocols that we describe to measure soil, water, vegetation, and gases are also relevant for related disciplines such as ecology. Improved quality and consistency of data collection and reporting across studies will help reduce global uncertainties and develop management strategies to use wetlands as nature-based climate solutions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13157-023-01722-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheel Bansal
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, ND USA
| | - Irena F. Creed
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Brian A. Tangen
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, ND USA
| | - Scott D. Bridgham
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR USA
| | - Ankur R. Desai
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Ken W. Krauss
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Lafayette, LA USA
| | - Scott C. Neubauer
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA
| | - Gregory B. Noe
- U.S. Geological Survey, Florence Bascom Geoscience Center, Reston, VA USA
| | | | - Carl Trettin
- U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Davis, CA USA
| | - Kimberly P. Wickland
- U.S. Geological Survey, Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center, Denver, CO USA
| | - Scott T. Allen
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV USA
| | - Ariane Arias-Ortiz
- Ecosystem Science Division, Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Anna R. Armitage
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX USA
| | - Dennis Baldocchi
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Kakoli Banerjee
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation of Natural Resources, Central University of Odisha, Koraput, Odisha India
| | - David Bastviken
- Department of Thematic Studies – Environmental Change, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Peter Berg
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
| | - Matthew J. Bogard
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB Canada
| | - Alex T. Chow
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - William H. Conner
- Baruch Institute of Coastal Ecology and Forest Science, Clemson University, Georgetown, SC USA
| | - Christopher Craft
- O’Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN USA
| | - Courtney Creamer
- U.S. Geological Survey, Geology, Minerals, Energy and Geophysics Science Center, Menlo Park, CA USA
| | - Tonya DelSontro
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON Canada
| | - Jamie A. Duberstein
- Baruch Institute of Coastal Ecology and Forest Science, Clemson University, Georgetown, SC USA
| | - Meagan Eagle
- U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA USA
| | | | | | - Mathias Göckede
- Department for Biogeochemical Signals, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Sabine Grunwald
- Soil, Water and Ecosystem Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Meghan Halabisky
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | | | | | - Olivia F. Johnson
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, ND USA
- Departments of Biology and Environmental Studies, Kent State University, Kent, OH USA
| | - Miriam C. Jones
- U.S. Geological Survey, Florence Bascom Geoscience Center, Reston, VA USA
| | - Jeffrey J. Kelleway
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences and Environmental Futures Research Centre, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW Australia
| | - Sara Knox
- Department of Geography, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Kevin D. Kroeger
- U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA USA
| | - Kevin A. Kuehn
- School of Biological, Environmental, and Earth Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS USA
| | - David Lobb
- Department of Soil Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB Canada
| | - Amanda L. Loder
- Department of Geography, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Shizhou Ma
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada
| | - Damien T. Maher
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW Australia
| | - Gavin McNicol
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Jacob Meier
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, ND USA
| | - Beth A. Middleton
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Lafayette, LA USA
| | - Christopher Mills
- U.S. Geological Survey, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center, Denver, CO USA
| | - Purbasha Mistry
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada
| | - Abhijit Mitra
- Department of Marine Science, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal India
| | - Courtney Mobilian
- O’Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN USA
| | - Amanda M. Nahlik
- Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessments, Pacific Ecological Systems Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, OR USA
| | - Sue Newman
- South Florida Water Management District, Everglades Systems Assessment Section, West Palm Beach, FL USA
| | - Jessica L. O’Connell
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO USA
| | - Patty Oikawa
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, California State University, East Bay, Hayward, CA USA
| | - Max Post van der Burg
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, ND USA
| | - Charles A. Schutte
- Department of Environmental Science, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ USA
| | - Changchun Song
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Camille L. Stagg
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Lafayette, LA USA
| | - Jessica Turner
- Freshwater and Marine Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Rodrigo Vargas
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE USA
| | - Mark P. Waldrop
- U.S. Geological Survey, Geology, Minerals, Energy and Geophysics Science Center, Menlo Park, CA USA
| | - Marcus B. Wallin
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Zhaohui Aleck Wang
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA USA
| | - Eric J. Ward
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Lafayette, LA USA
| | - Debra A. Willard
- U.S. Geological Survey, Florence Bascom Geoscience Center, Reston, VA USA
| | - Stephanie Yarwood
- Environmental Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD USA
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun, China
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14
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Saavedra-Hortua D, Nagelkerken I, Estupinan-Suarez LM, Gillis LG. Effects of connectivity on carbon and nitrogen stocks in mangrove and seagrass ecosystems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 896:164829. [PMID: 37327886 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Seascape connectivity increases carbon and nitrogen exchange across coastal ecosystems through flow of particulate organic matter (POM). However, there are still critical gaps in knowledge about the drivers that mediate these processes, especially at regional seascape scales. The aim of this study was to associate three seascape-level drivers which could influence carbon and nitrogen stocks in intertidal coastal seascape: connectivity between ecosystems, ecosystem surface area, and standing vegetation biomass of ecosystems. Firstly, we compared whether connected mangrove and seagrass ecosystems contain larger carbon and nitrogen storage than isolated mangrove and seagrass ecosystems. Secondly, we compared autochthonous and allochthonous POM in mangrove patches and seagrass beds, simultaneously estimating the area and biomass relative contribution to POM of the different coastal vegetated ecosystem. Connected vs isolated mangrove and seagrass ecosystems were studied at six locations in a temperate seascape, and their carbon and nitrogen content in the standing vegetation biomass and sediments were measured. POM contributions of these and surrounding ecosystems were determined using stable isotopic tracers. In connected mangrove-seagrass seascapes, mangroves occupied 3 % of total coastal ecosystem surface area, however, their standing biomass carbon content and nitrogen per unit area was 9-12 times higher than seagrasses and twice as high as macroalgal beds (both in connected and isolated seascapes). Additionally in connected mangrove-seagrass seascapes, the largest contributors to POM were mangroves (10-50 %) and macroalgal beds (20-50 %). In isolated seagrasses, seagrass (37-77 %) and macroalgal thalli (9-43 %) contributed the most, whilst in the isolated mangrove, salt marshes were the main contributor (17-47 %). Seagrass connectivity enhances mangrove carbon sequestration per unit area, whilst internal attributes enhance seagrass carbon sequestration. Mangroves and macroalgal beds are potential critical contributors of nitrogen and carbon to other ecosystems. Considering all ecosystems as a continuing system with seascape-level connectivity will support management and improve knowledge of critical ecosystem services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Saavedra-Hortua
- Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT) Fahrenheitstraße 6, 28359 Bremen GmbH, Germany; ecosecurities, Rue de la Faïencerie 2, 1227, Carouge, Switzerland.
| | - Ivan Nagelkerken
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, DX 650 418, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
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15
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Schutt E, Francolini R, Price N, Olson Z, Byron CJ. Supporting ecosystem services of habitat and biodiversity in temperate seaweed (Saccharina spp.) farms. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 191:106162. [PMID: 37716281 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Habitat provisioning, and the biodiversity within, is considered a type of "supporting" ecosystem service. Ecosystem services are the benefits humans receive from healthy ecosystems. We assess whether kelp (Saccharina spp.) farms provide seasonal habitat for wild organisms. Contrary to other studies conducted in tropic seaweed farms, we did not observe habitat provisioning or increased biodiversity at seasonal temperate seaweed farm sites compared to neighboring non-farm sites, which is encouraging news for the aquaculture industry given that most farm gear is removed from the water after the spring harvest. We quantified fish and crustaceans interacting with kelp farms using GoPro cameras. We also assessed small (<5 mm) invertebrates using mesh settling devices suspended at the same depth as kelp lines (2m). Visual surveys were paired with eDNA. There was coherence in the conclusions drawn from observational and eDNA methods, despite weak coherence in the specific species identified between the methods. Both farm and non-farm sites exhibited higher species richness and biodiversity in the summer non-growing season compared to the winter growing season, attributed to expected seasonal species movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilly Schutt
- School of Marine and Environmental Programs, University of New England, 11 Hills Beach Road, Biddeford, ME, 04005, USA
| | - Rene Francolini
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, 60 Bigelow Drive, East Boothbay, ME, 04544, USA; School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Darling Marine Center, 193 Clarks Cove Road, Walpole, ME, 04573, USA
| | - Nichole Price
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, 60 Bigelow Drive, East Boothbay, ME, 04544, USA
| | - Zachary Olson
- School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of New England, 11 Hills Beach Road, Biddeford, ME, 04005, USA
| | - Carrie J Byron
- School of Marine and Environmental Programs, University of New England, 11 Hills Beach Road, Biddeford, ME, 04005, USA.
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16
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Sheppard EJ, Hurd CL, Britton DD, Reed DC, Bach LT. Seaweed biogeochemistry: Global assessment of C:N and C:P ratios and implications for ocean afforestation. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2023; 59:879-892. [PMID: 37596958 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Algal carbon-to-nitrogen (C:N) and carbon-to-phosphorus (C:P) ratios are fundamental for understanding many oceanic biogeochemical processes, such as nutrient flux and climate regulation. We synthesized literature data (444 species, >400 locations) and collected original samples from Tasmania, Australia (51 species, 10 locations) to update the global ratios of seaweed carbon-to-nitrogen (C:N) and carbon-to-phosphorus (C:P). The updated global mean molar ratio for seaweed C:N is 20 (ranging from 6 to 123) and for C:P is 801 (ranging from 76 to 4102). The C:N and C:P ratios were significantly influenced by seawater inorganic nutrient concentrations and seasonality. Additionally, C:N ratios varied by phyla. Brown seaweeds (Ochrophyta, Phaeophyceae) had the highest mean C:N of 27.5 (range: 7.6-122.5), followed by green seaweeds (Chlorophyta) of 17.8 (6.2-54.3) and red seaweeds (Rhodophyta) of 14.8 (5.6-77.6). We used the updated C:N and C:P values to compare seaweed tissue stoichiometry with the most recently reported values for plankton community stoichiometry. Our results show that seaweeds have on average 2.8 and 4.0 times higher C:N and C:P than phytoplankton, indicating seaweeds can assimilate more carbon in their biomass for a given amount of nutrient resource. The stoichiometric comparison presented herein is central to the discourse on ocean afforestation (the deliberate replacement of phytoplankton with seaweeds to enhance the ocean biological carbon sink) by contributing to the understanding of the impact of nutrient reallocation from phytoplankton to seaweeds under large-scale seaweed cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Sheppard
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Catriona L Hurd
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Damon D Britton
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Daniel C Reed
- Marine Science Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Lennart T Bach
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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17
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de Azevedo J, Franco JN, Vale CG, Lemos MFL, Arenas F. Rapid tropicalization evidence of subtidal seaweed assemblages along a coastal transitional zone. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11720. [PMID: 37474712 PMCID: PMC10359287 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38514-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic climate change, particularly seawater warming, is expected to drive quick shifts in marine species distribution transforming coastal communities. These shifts in distribution will be particularly noticeable in biogeographical transition zones. The continental Portuguese coast stretches from north to south along 900 km. Despite this short spatial scale, the strong physical gradient intensified by the Iberian upwelling creates a transition zone where seaweed species from boreal and Lusitanian-Mediterranean origin coexist. On the northern coast, kelp marine forests thrive in the cold, nutrient-rich oceanic waters. In the south, communities resemble Mediterranean-type seaweed assemblages and are dominated by turfs. Recent evidence suggests that in these coastal areas, marine intertidal species are shifting their distribution edges as a result of rising seawater temperatures. Taking advantage of previous abundance data collected in 2012 from subtidal seaweed communities, a new sampling program was carried out in the same regions in 2018 to assess recent changes. The results confirmed the latitudinal gradient in macroalgal assemblages. More importantly we found significant structural and functional changes in a short period of six years, with regional increases of abundance of warm-affinity species, small seaweeds like turfs. Species richness, diversity, and biomass increase, all accompanied by an increase of community temperature index (CTI). Our findings suggest that subtidal seaweed communities in this transitional area have undergone major changes within a few years. Evidence of "fast tropicalization" of the subtidal communities of the Portuguese coast are strong indication of the effects of anthropic climate change over coastal assemblages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas de Azevedo
- CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-641, Peniche, Portugal
| | - João N Franco
- CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-641, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Cândida G Vale
- CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Marco F L Lemos
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-641, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Francisco Arenas
- CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal.
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18
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Deregibus D, Campana GL, Neder C, Barnes DKA, Zacher K, Piscicelli JM, Jerosch K, Quartino ML. Potential macroalgal expansion and blue carbon gains with northern Antarctic Peninsula glacial retreat. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 189:106056. [PMID: 37385084 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
The West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) is a hotspot of physical climate change, especially glacial retreat, particularly in its northern South Shetland Islands (SSI) region. Along coastlines, this process is opening up new ice-free areas, for colonization by a high biodiversity of flora and fauna. At Potter Cove, in the SSI (Isla 25 de Mayo/King George Island), Antarctica, colonization by macroalgae was studied in two newly ice-free areas, a low glacier influence area (LGI), and a high glacier influence area (HGI) differing in the presence of sediment run-off and light penetration, which are driven by levels of glacial influence. We installed artificial substrates (tiles) at 5 m depth to analyze benthic algal colonization and succession for four years (2010-2014). Photosynthetic active radiation (PAR, 400-700 nm), temperature, salinity, and turbidity were monitored at both sites in spring and summer. The turbidity and the light attenuation (Kd) were significantly lower at LGI than at HGI. All tiles were colonized by benthic algae, differing in species identity and successional patterns between areas, and with a significantly higher richness at LGI than HGI in the last year of the experiment. We scaled up a quadrat survey on the natural substrate to estimate benthic algal colonization in newly deglaciated areas across Potter Cove. Warming in recent decades has exposed much new habitat, with macroalgae making up an important part of colonist communities 'chasing' such glacier retreat. Our estimation of algal colonization in newly ice-free areas shows an expansion of ∼0.005-0.012 km2 with a carbon standing stock of ∼0.2-0.4 C tons, per year. Life moving into new space in such emerging fjords has the potential to be key for new carbon sinks and export. In sustained climate change scenarios, we expect that the processes of colonization and expansion of benthic assemblages will continue and generate significant transformations in Antarctic coastal ecosystems by increasing primary production, providing new structures, food and refuge to fauna, and capturing and storing more carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Deregibus
- Departamento de Biología Costera, Instituto Antártico Argentino, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Gabriela L Campana
- Departamento de Biología Costera, Instituto Antártico Argentino, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Camila Neder
- Ecosistemas Marinos y Polares, Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina; Ecología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | | | - Katharina Zacher
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Juan Manuel Piscicelli
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Estación Hidrobiológica Puerto Quequén. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales 'B. Rivadavia', Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Kerstin Jerosch
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - María Liliana Quartino
- Departamento de Biología Costera, Instituto Antártico Argentino, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales 'B. Rivadavia', Buenos Aires, Argentina
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19
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Wear B, O'Connor NE, Schmid MJ, Jackson MC. What does the future look like for kelp when facing multiple stressors? Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10203. [PMID: 37384243 PMCID: PMC10293785 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
As primary producers and ecosystem engineers, kelp (generally Order Laminariales) are ecologically important, and their decline could have far-reaching consequences. Kelp are valuable in forming habitats for fish and invertebrates and are crucial for adaptation to climate change by creating coastal defenses and in providing key functions, such as carbon sequestration and food provision. Kelp are threatened by multiple stressors, such as climate change, over-harvesting of predators, and pollution. In this opinion paper, we discuss how these stressors may interact to affect kelp, and how this varies under different contexts. We argue that more research that bridges kelp conservation and multiple stressor theory is needed and outline key questions that should be addressed as a priority. For instance, it is important to understand how previous exposure (either to earlier generations or life stages) determines responses to emerging stressors, and how responses in kelp scale up to alter food webs and ecosystem functioning. By increasing the temporal and biological complexity of kelp research in this way, we will improve our understanding allowing better predictions. This research is essential for the effective conservation and potential restoration of kelp in our rapidly changing world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Wear
- Department of BiologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Somerville CollegeOxfordUK
| | - Nessa E. O'Connor
- School of Natural Sciences, Discipline of ZoologyTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Matthias J. Schmid
- School of Natural Sciences, Discipline of ZoologyTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
- School of Natural ScienceUniversity of GalwayGalwayIreland
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20
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Wei Z, Jiang X, Zhao Z, Xu W, Guo L, Zheng Q. Can ocean carbon sink trading achieve economic and environmental benefits? Simulation based on DICE-DSGE model. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27435-x. [PMID: 37178298 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27435-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Low-carbon development requires joint efforts in terms of "carbon reduction" and "carbon sink increase." This study thus proposes a DICE-DSGE model for exploring the environmental and economic benefits of ocean carbon sinks and provides policy suggestions for marine economic development and carbon emission policy choices. The results are as follows: (1) while the economic benefits of heterogeneous technological shocks are apparent, the environmental benefits of carbon tax and carbon quota shocks are significant; (2) increasing the efficiency of ocean carbon sinks improves the environmental benefits of technological shocks as well as the output benefits of emission reduction tools, while increasing the share of marine output can improve both the economic benefits of technological shocks and the environmental benefits of emission reduction tools; and (3) ocean output proportion has the most considerable positive effect on social welfare, followed by marine total factor productivity (TFP). The correlation effect of ocean carbon sink efficiency is negative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhao Wei
- School of Economics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Xuzhao Jiang
- School of Economics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Zhibo Zhao
- School of Finance, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 58 Sangyuan Road, Jinan, 250100, China.
| | - Wenli Xu
- School of Economics, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Lingyi Guo
- Shenzhen Natural Resources and Real Estate Evaluation and Development Research Center, Shenzhen, 518038, China
| | - Qiaoyu Zheng
- Business School, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266520, China
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21
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Ager TG, Krause-Jensen D, Olesen B, Carlson DF, Winding MHS, Sejr MK. Macroalgal habitats support a sustained flux of floating biomass but limited carbon export beyond a Greenland fjord. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 872:162224. [PMID: 36804986 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite growing attention on the contribution of macroalgae to carbon cycling and sequestration (blue carbon), more observational data is needed to constrain current estimates. In this study, we estimate the floating macroalgal carbon flux within and beyond a large sub-Arctic fjord system, Nuup Kangerlua, Greenland, which could potentially reach carbon sinks. Our study estimates 1) the fjord-scale area with macroalgal coverage and barrens caused by sea urchin grazing, 2) the floating macroalgal biomass in the fjord, and 3) the annual export flux of floating macroalgae out of the fjord system. ROV surveys documented that macroalgal habitats cover 32 % of the seafloor within the photic zone (0-30 m) with an average coverage of 39.6, 22, and 7.2 % in the depth intervals 0-10, 10-20, and 20-30 m, respectively. 15 % of the area suitable for macroalgae was denuded by sea urchin grazing. Floating macroalgae were common with an average biomass of 55 kg wet weight km-2. Densities and species composition varied seasonally with the highest levels after storms. The floating biomass was composed of intertidal macroalgal species (58 %) (Fucus vesiculosus, Fucus distichus, and Ascophyllum nodosum) and kelps (42 %) (Saccharina longicruris, S. latissima, and Alaria esculenta). We deployed surface GPS drifters to simulate floating macroalgal trajectories and velocity. Data indicated that 80 % of the floating biomass is retained in the fjord where its fate in relation to long-term sequestration is unknown. Export beyond the fjord was limited and indicated an annual floating macroalgal export beyond the fjord of only 6.92 t C yr-1, which is equal to ~0.02 % of the annual net primary production. Our findings suggest that floating macroalgae support a limited blue carbon potential beyond this fjord and that future research should focus on the fate of retained floating macroalgae and subsurface export to resolve the connectivity between macroalgal habitats and long-term carbon sinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gjerluff Ager
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Dorte Krause-Jensen
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Arctic Research Center, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Birgit Olesen
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Arctic Research Center, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Daniel F Carlson
- Optical Oceanography, Institute of Carbon Cycles, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | | | - Mikael K Sejr
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Arctic Research Center, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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22
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Nguyen TTH, Vuong TQ, Han HL, Li Z, Lee YJ, Ko J, Nedashkovskaya OI, Kim SG. Three marine species of the genus Fulvivirga, rich sources of carbohydrate-active enzymes degrading alginate, chitin, laminarin, starch, and xylan. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6301. [PMID: 37072506 PMCID: PMC10113389 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33408-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteroidota is a group of marine polysaccharide degraders, which play a crucial role in the carbon cycle in the marine ecosystems. In this study, three novel gliding strains, designated as SS9-22T, W9P-11T, and SW1-E11T, isolated from algae and decaying wood were proposed to represent three novel species of the genus Fulvivirga. We identified a large number of genes encoding for carbohydrate-active enzymes, which potentially participate in polysaccharide degradation, based on whole genome sequencing. The 16S rRNA sequence similarities among them were 94.4-97.2%, and against existing species in the genus Fulvivirga 93.1-99.8%. The complete genomes of strains SS9-22T, W9P-11T, and SW1-E11T comprised one circular chromosome with size of 6.98, 6.52, and 6.39 Mb, respectively; the GC contents were 41.9%, 39.0%, and 38.1%, respectively. The average nucleotide identity and the digital DNA-DNA hybridization values with members in the genus Fulvivirga including the isolates were in a range of 68.9-85.4% and 17.1-29.7%, respectively, which are low for the proposal of novel species. Genomic mining in three genomes identified hundreds of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) covering up to 93 CAZyme families and 58-70 CAZyme gene clusters, exceeding the numbers of genes present in the other species of the genus Fulvivirga. Polysaccharides of alginate, chitin, laminarin, starch, and xylan were degraded in vitro, highlighting that the three strains are rich sources of CAZymes of polysaccharide degraders for biotechnological applications. The phenotypic, biochemical, chemotaxonomic, and genomic characteristics supported the proposal of three novel species in the genus Fulvivirga, for which the names Fulvivirga ulvae sp. nov. (SS9-22T = KCTC 82072T = GDMCC 1.2804T), Fulvivirga ligni sp. nov. (W9P-11T = KCTC 72992T = GDMCC 1.2803T), and Fulvivirga maritima sp. nov. (SW1-E11T = KCTC 72832T = GDMCC 1.2802T) are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tra T H Nguyen
- Biological Resource Center, Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, KRIBB School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Tien Q Vuong
- Hanoi University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
| | - Ho Le Han
- The University of Danang, University of Science and Technology, 54 Nguyen Luong Bang St., Da Nang, 550000, Vietnam
| | - Zhun Li
- Biological Resource Center, Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, KRIBB School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Jae Lee
- Biological Resource Center, Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeho Ko
- Biological Resource Center, Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Olga I Nedashkovskaya
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia, 690022
| | - Song-Gun Kim
- Biological Resource Center, Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biotechnology, KRIBB School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Queirós AM, Tait K, Clark JR, Bedington M, Pascoe C, Torres R, Somerfield PJ, Smale DA. Identifying and protecting macroalgae detritus sinks toward climate change mitigation. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2023; 33:e2798. [PMID: 36504412 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Harnessing natural solutions to mitigate climate change requires an understanding of carbon fixation, flux, and sequestration across ocean habitats. Recent studies have suggested that exported seaweed particulate organic carbon is stored within soft-sediment systems. However, very little is known about how seaweed detritus disperses from coastlines, or where it may enter seabed carbon stores, where it could become the target of conservation efforts. Here, focusing on regionally dominant seaweed species, we surveyed environmental DNA (eDNA) from natural coastal sediments, and studied their connectivity to seaweed habitats using a particle tracking model parameterized to reproduce seaweed detritus dispersal behavior based on laboratory observations of seaweed fragment degradation and sinking. Experiments showed that seaweed detritus density changed over time, differently across species. This, in turn, modified distances traveled by released fragments until they reached the seabed for the first time, during model simulations. Dispersal pathways connected detritus from the shore to the open ocean but, importantly, also to coastal sediments, and this was reflected by field eDNA evidence. Dispersion pathways were also affected by hydrodynamic conditions, varying in space and time. Both the properties and timing of released detritus, individual to each macroalgal population, and short-term near-seabed and medium-term water-column transport pathways, are thus seemingly important in determining the connectivity between seaweed habitats and potential sedimentary sinks. Studies such as this one, supported by further field verification of sedimentary carbon sequestration rates and source partitioning, are still needed to help quantify the role of seaweed in the ocean carbon cycle. Such studies will provide vital evidence to inform on the potential need to develop blue carbon conservation mechanisms, beyond wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karen Tait
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dan A Smale
- Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Plymouth, UK
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24
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Hudson CJ, Agostini S, Wada S, Hall-Spencer JM, Connell SD, Harvey BP. Ocean acidification increases the impact of typhoons on algal communities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 865:161269. [PMID: 36587658 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Long-term environmental change, sudden pulses of extreme perturbation, or a combination of both can trigger regime shifts by changing the processes and feedbacks which determine community assembly, structure, and function, altering the state of ecosystems. Our understanding of the mechanisms that stabilise against regime shifts or lock communities into altered states is limited, yet also critical to anticipating future states, preventing regime shifts, and reversing unwanted state change. Ocean acidification contributes to the restructuring and simplification of algal systems, however the mechanisms through which this occurs and whether additional drivers are involved requires further study. Using monthly surveys over three years at a shallow-water volcanic seep we examined how the composition of algal communities change seasonally and following periods of significant physical disturbance by typhoons at three levels of ocean acidification (equivalent to means of contemporary ∼350 and future ∼500 and 900 μatm pCO2). Sites exposed to acidification were increasingly monopolised by structurally simple, fast-growing turf algae, and were clearly different to structurally complex macrophyte-dominated reference sites. The distinct contemporary and acidified community states were stabilised and maintained at their respective sites by different mechanisms following seasonal typhoon disturbance. Macroalgal-dominated sites were resistant to typhoon damage. In contrast, significant losses of algal biomass represented a near total ecosystem reset by typhoons for the turf-dominated communities at the elevated pCO2 sites (i.e. negligible resistance). A combination of disturbance and subsequent turf recovery maintained the same simplified state between years (elevated CO2 levels promote turf growth following algal removal, inhibiting macroalgal recruitment). Thus, ocean acidification may promote shifts in algal systems towards degraded ecosystem states, and short-term disturbances which reset successional trajectories may 'lock-in' these alternative states of low structural and functional diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callum J Hudson
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK; Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Sylvain Agostini
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 5-10-1 Shimoda, Shizuoka 415-0025, Japan
| | - Shigeki Wada
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 5-10-1 Shimoda, Shizuoka 415-0025, Japan
| | - Jason M Hall-Spencer
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK; Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 5-10-1 Shimoda, Shizuoka 415-0025, Japan
| | - Sean D Connell
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, SA, Australia
| | - Ben P Harvey
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 5-10-1 Shimoda, Shizuoka 415-0025, Japan.
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25
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Acid preservation of cultivated brown algae Saccharina latissima and Alaria esculenta and characterization of extracted alginate and cellulose. ALGAL RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2023.103057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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26
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Virtanen EA, Kallio N, Nurmi M, Jernberg S, Saikkonen L, Forsblom L. Recreational land use contributes to the loss of marine biodiversity. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elina A. Virtanen
- Marine Research Centre Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE) Helsinki Finland
- Finnish Natural History Museum University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Niko Kallio
- Marine Research Centre Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE) Helsinki Finland
| | - Marco Nurmi
- Marine Research Centre Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE) Helsinki Finland
| | - Susanna Jernberg
- Marine Research Centre Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE) Helsinki Finland
| | - Liisa Saikkonen
- Freshwater Centre Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE) Helsinki Finland
| | - Louise Forsblom
- Marine Research Centre Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE) Helsinki Finland
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27
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Weerakkody WS, Ling KH, Hsieh HH, Abedneko VG, Shyu JF, Lee TM, Shih YY, Ranatunga RRMKP, Santschi PH, Hung CC. Carbon capture by macroalgae Sarcodia suae using aquaculture wastewater and solar energy for cooling in subtropical regions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 855:158850. [PMID: 36411602 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Rapid growth in the aquaculture industry and corresponding increases in nutrient and organic carbon levels in coastal regions can lead to eutrophication and increased greenhouse gas emissions. Macroalgae are the organisms primarily responsible for the capture of CO2 and removal of nutrients from coastal waters. In the current study, we developed a novel wastewater treatment system in which the red macroalga, Sarcordia suae, is used to capture CO2 under thermostatic conditions in subtropical regions. In 2020 (without temperature control), the carbon capture rate (CCR) of Sarcordia suae varied considerably with the season: winter/spring (2.1-3.9 g-C m-2 d-1) and summer (0.09 g-C m-2 d-1). In 2021, solar powered cooling reduced summer seawater temperatures from 31 to 33 °C to 23-25 °C with a corresponding increase in the mean CCR: winter/spring (2-7 g-C m-2 d-1) and summer (1.33 g-C m-2 d-1). The proposed aquaculture wastewater system proved highly efficient in removing nitrogen (20.7 mg-N g-1 DW d-1, DW = dry weight) and phosphorus (4.4 mg-P g-1 DW d-1). Furthermore, the high density of Sarcodia (1.10 ± 0.03 g cm-3) would permit the harvesting and subsequent dumping of Sarcodia in deep off-shore waters. This study demonstrated a low-cost land-based seaweed cultivation system for capturing CO2 and excess nutrients from aquaculture wastewater year-round under temperature controlled environments in subtropical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Sanjaya Weerakkody
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences & Technology, University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka
| | - Ka Hin Ling
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Han Hsieh
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Vicente G Abedneko
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Feng Shyu
- Department of Aquaculture, National Penghu University of Science and Technology, Penghu, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Min Lee
- Department of Maine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Yen Shih
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; Department of Applied Science, R.O.C. Naval Academy, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - R R M K P Ranatunga
- Center for Marine Science and Technology, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Peter H Santschi
- Department of Marine and Coastal Environmental Sciences, Texas A & M University at Galveston, TX 77554, USA
| | - Chin-Chang Hung
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
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28
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Bell LE, Kroeker KJ. Standing Crop, Turnover, and Production Dynamics of Macrocystis pyrifera and Understory Species Hedophyllum nigripes and Neoagarum fimbriatum in High Latitude Giant Kelp Forests. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2022; 58:773-788. [PMID: 36302142 PMCID: PMC10100489 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Production rates reported for canopy-forming kelps have highlighted the potential contributions of these foundational macroalgal species to carbon cycling and sequestration on a globally relevant scale. Yet, the production dynamics of many kelp species remain poorly resolved. For example, productivity estimates for the widely distributed giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera are based on a few studies from the center of this species' range. To address this geospatial bias, we surveyed giant kelp beds in their high latitude fringe habitat in southeast Alaska to quantify foliar standing crop, growth and loss rates, and productivity of M. pyrifera and co-occurring understory kelps Hedophyllum nigripes and Neoagarum fimbriatum. We found that giant kelp beds at the poleward edge of their range produce ~150 g C · m-2 · year-1 from a standing biomass that turns over an estimated 2.1 times per year, substantially lower rates than have been observed at lower latitudes. Although the productivity of high latitude M. pyrifera dwarfs production by associated understory kelps in both winter and summer seasons, phenological differences in growth and relative carbon and nitrogen content among the three kelp species suggests their complementary value as nutritional resources to consumers. This work represents the highest latitude consideration of M. pyrifera forest production to date, providing a valuable quantification of kelp carbon cycling in this highly seasonal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E. Bell
- Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of California Santa Cruz130 McAllister WaySanta CruzCalifornia95060USA
| | - Kristy J. Kroeker
- Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of California Santa Cruz130 McAllister WaySanta CruzCalifornia95060USA
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29
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Sedimentary Organic Carbon and Nitrogen Sequestration Across a Vertical Gradient on a Temperate Wetland Seascape Including Salt Marshes, Seagrass Meadows and Rhizophytic Macroalgae Beds. Ecosystems 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-022-00801-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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30
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Sun Y, Zang Y, Chen J, Shang S, Wang J, Liu Q, Tang X. The differing responses of central carbon cycle metabolism in male and female Sargassum thunbergii to ultraviolet-B radiation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:904943. [PMID: 36262652 PMCID: PMC9574197 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.904943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The enhancement of ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B) radiation reaching the Earth's surface due to ozone layer depletion is an important topic. Macroalgal species growing in the intertidal zone are often directly exposed to UV-B radiation periodically as the tide changes. In order to better understand the response of macroalgae to UV-B stressed condition, we studied the dominant dioecious intertidal macroalgae Sargassum thunbergii. After consecutive UV-B radiation treatments, we used metabonomics models to analyze and compare the maximum photosynthetic electron transport rate (ETRmax), central carbon cycle metabolism (CCCM) gene expression level, CCCM enzymic activities [pyruvate dehydrogenase and citrate synthase (PDH and CS)], and carbon-based metabolite (including pyruvate, soluble sugar, total amino acid, and lipids) content in male and female S. thunbergii. The results showed that under low and high UV-B radiation, the ETRmax values and six targeted CCCM gene expression levels were significantly higher in males than in females. Under high UV-B radiation, only the CS activity was significantly higher in males than in females. There was no significant difference in PDH activity between males and females. The CCCM models constructed using the metabonomics analysis demonstrate that S. thunbergii males and females exhibit obvious gender differences in their responses to UV-B radiation, providing us with a new understanding of the macroalgal gender differences under UV-B radiation, as past investigations always underestimated their diecious characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu Zang
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
| | - Jun Chen
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuai Shang
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Qian Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuexi Tang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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Sultana F, Wahab MA, Nahiduzzaman M, Mohiuddin M, Iqbal MZ, Shakil A, Mamun AA, Khan MSR, Wong L, Asaduzzaman M. Seaweed farming for food and nutritional security, climate change mitigation and adaptation, and women empowerment: A review. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Wright LS, Pessarrodona A, Foggo A. Climate-driven shifts in kelp forest composition reduce carbon sequestration potential. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:5514-5531. [PMID: 35694894 PMCID: PMC9545355 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The potential contribution of kelp forests to blue carbon sinks is currently of great interest but interspecific variance has received no attention. In the temperate Northeast Atlantic, kelp forest composition is changing due to climate-driven poleward range shifts of cold temperate Laminaria digitata and Laminaria hyperborea and warm temperate Laminaria ochroleuca. To understand how this might affect the carbon sequestration potential (CSP) of this ecosystem, we quantified interspecific differences in carbon export and decomposition alongside changes in detrital photosynthesis and biochemistry. We found that while warm temperate kelp exports up to 71% more carbon per plant, it decomposes up to 155% faster than its boreal congeners. Elemental stoichiometry and polyphenolic content cannot fully explain faster carbon turnover, which may be attributable to contrasting tissue toughness or unknown biochemical and structural defenses. Faster decomposition causes the detrital photosynthetic apparatus of L. ochroleuca to be overwhelmed 20 days after export and lose integrity after 36 days, while detritus of cold temperate species maintains carbon assimilation. Depending on the photoenvironment, detrital photosynthesis could further exacerbate interspecific differences in decomposition via a potential positive feedback loop. Through compositional change such as the predicted prevalence of L. ochroleuca, ocean warming may therefore reduce the CSP of such temperate marine forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Seamus Wright
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research CentreUniversity of PlymouthPlymouthUK
- Oceans InstituteUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Albert Pessarrodona
- Oceans InstituteUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Andy Foggo
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research CentreUniversity of PlymouthPlymouthUK
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Filbee-Dexter K, Feehan CJ, Smale DA, Krumhansl KA, Augustine S, de Bettignies F, Burrows MT, Byrnes JEK, Campbell J, Davoult D, Dunton KH, Franco JN, Garrido I, Grace SP, Hancke K, Johnson LE, Konar B, Moore PJ, Norderhaug KM, O’Dell A, Pedersen MF, Salomon AK, Sousa-Pinto I, Tiegs S, Yiu D, Wernberg T. Kelp carbon sink potential decreases with warming due to accelerating decomposition. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001702. [PMID: 35925899 PMCID: PMC9352061 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cycling of organic carbon in the ocean has the potential to mitigate or exacerbate global climate change, but major questions remain about the environmental controls on organic carbon flux in the coastal zone. Here, we used a field experiment distributed across 28° of latitude, and the entire range of 2 dominant kelp species in the northern hemisphere, to measure decomposition rates of kelp detritus on the seafloor in relation to local environmental factors. Detritus decomposition in both species were strongly related to ocean temperature and initial carbon content, with higher rates of biomass loss at lower latitudes with warmer temperatures. Our experiment showed slow overall decomposition and turnover of kelp detritus and modeling of coastal residence times at our study sites revealed that a significant portion of this production can remain intact long enough to reach deep marine sinks. The results suggest that decomposition of these kelp species could accelerate with ocean warming and that low-latitude kelp forests could experience the greatest increase in remineralization with a 9% to 42% reduced potential for transport to long-term ocean sinks under short-term (RCP4.5) and long-term (RCP8.5) warming scenarios. However, slow decomposition at high latitudes, where kelp abundance is predicted to expand, indicates potential for increasing kelp-carbon sinks in cooler (northern) regions. Our findings reveal an important latitudinal gradient in coastal ecosystem function that provides an improved capacity to predict the implications of ocean warming on carbon cycling. Broad-scale patterns in organic carbon decomposition revealed here can be used to identify hotspots of carbon sequestration potential and resolve relationships between carbon cycling processes and ocean climate at a global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Filbee-Dexter
- Institute of Marine Research, His, Norway
- UWA Oceans Institute & School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Colette J. Feehan
- Department of Biology, Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Dan A. Smale
- Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Kira A. Krumhansl
- Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Skye Augustine
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Florian de Bettignies
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, Roscoff, France
| | | | - Jarrett E. K. Byrnes
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jillian Campbell
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Dominique Davoult
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, Roscoff, France
| | - Kenneth H. Dunton
- Marine Science Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, Texas, United States of America
| | - João N. Franco
- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Politécnico de Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
- CIIMAR—Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, and Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ignacio Garrido
- Department of Biology and Québec-Océan, Laval University, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Centro FONDAP de Investigación en Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile (UACh), Valdivia, Chile
| | - Sean P. Grace
- Department of Biology, Werth Center for Coastal and Marine Studies, Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Kasper Hancke
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Section for Marine Biology, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ladd E. Johnson
- Department of Biology and Québec-Océan, Laval University, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Brenda Konar
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States of America
| | - Pippa J. Moore
- The Dove Marine Laboratory, School of Natural and Environmental Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alasdair O’Dell
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban, Argyll, Scotland
| | - Morten F. Pedersen
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Anne K. Salomon
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Isabel Sousa-Pinto
- CIIMAR—Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, and Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Scott Tiegs
- Oakland University, Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Dara Yiu
- Department of Biology, Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey, United States of America
- University of Washington, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Thomas Wernberg
- Institute of Marine Research, His, Norway
- UWA Oceans Institute & School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- The Dove Marine Laboratory, School of Natural and Environmental Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
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Simultaneous design of macroalgae-based integrated biorefineries and their heat exchanger network. Comput Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2022.107885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Lozada M, Zabala MS, García PE, Diéguez MC, Bigatti G, Fermani P, Unrein F, Dionisi HM. Microbial assemblages associated with the invasive kelp Undaria pinnatifida in Patagonian coastal waters: Structure and alginolytic potential. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 830:154629. [PMID: 35337861 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Undaria pinnatifida is a brown algae native to Asia that has settled in various regions worldwide, periodically contributing with large quantities of C and nutrients during its annual cycle. In this work, we analyzed a coastal site in Patagonia (Argentina) that has been colonized for three decades by U. pinnatifida, focusing on associated microbial communities in three different compartments. An important influence of algae was observed in seawater, especially in the bottom of the algal forest during the austral summer (January) at the moment of greater biomass release. This was evidenced by changes in DOC concentration and its quality indicators (higher Freshness and lower Humification index) and higher DIC. Although maximum values of NH4 and PO4 were observed in January, bottom water samples had lower concentrations than surface water, suggesting nutrient consumption by bacteria during algal DOM release. Concomitantly, bacterial abundance peaked, reaching 4.68 ± 1.33 × 105 cells mL -1 (January), showing also higher capability of degrading alginate, a major component of brown algae cell walls. Microbial community structure was influenced by sampling date, season, sampling zone (surface or bottom), and environmental factors (temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, nutrients). Samples of epiphytic biofilms showed a distinct community structure compared to seawater, lower diversity, and remarkably high alginolytic capability, suggesting adaptation to degrade algal biomass. A high microdiversity of populations of the genus Leucothrix (Gammaproteobacteria, Thiotrichales) that accounted for a large fraction of epiphytic communities was observed, and changed over time. Epiphytic assemblages shared more taxa with bottom than with surface seawater assemblages, indicating a certain level of exchange between communities in the forest surroundings. This work provides insight into the impact of U. pinnatifida decay on seawater quality, and the role of microbial communities on adapting to massive biomass inputs through rapid DOM turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Lozada
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Ambiental (CESIMAR-CONICET/IBIOMAR-CONICET), Puerto Madryn, Argentina.
| | - María Soledad Zabala
- Laboratorio de Reproducción y Biología Integrativa de Invertebrados Marinos (IBIOMAR-CONICET), Puerto Madryn, Argentina
| | - Patricia E García
- Grupo de Ecología de Sistemas Acuáticos a Escala de Paisaje (GESAP, INIBIOMA-CONICET-UNComa), Bariloche, Argentina
| | - María C Diéguez
- Grupo de Ecología de Sistemas Acuáticos a Escala de Paisaje (GESAP, INIBIOMA-CONICET-UNComa), Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Gregorio Bigatti
- Laboratorio de Reproducción y Biología Integrativa de Invertebrados Marinos (IBIOMAR-CONICET), Puerto Madryn, Argentina; Universidad Espíritu Santo, Ecuador
| | - Paulina Fermani
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Ambiental (CESIMAR-CONICET/IBIOMAR-CONICET), Puerto Madryn, Argentina
| | - Fernando Unrein
- Laboratorio de Ecología y Fotobiología Acuática, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina; Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (UNSAM), Argentina
| | - Hebe M Dionisi
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Ambiental (CESIMAR-CONICET/IBIOMAR-CONICET), Puerto Madryn, Argentina
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Video survey of deep benthic macroalgae and macroalgal detritus along a glacial Arctic fjord: Kongsfjorden (Spitsbergen). Polar Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-022-03072-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn Kongsfjorden (Spitsbergen), we quantified the zonation of visually dominant macroalgal taxa and of detached macroalgae from underwater videos taken in summer 2009 at six transects between 2 and 138 m water depth. For the first time, we provide information on the occurrence of deep water red algae below the kelp forest and of detached macroalgae at water depth > 30 m. The presence and depth distribution of visually dominant red algae were especially pronounced at the outer fjord, decreased with proximity to the glacial front and they were absent at the innermost locations. Deepest crustose coralline red algae and foliose red algae were observed at 72 and 68 m, respectively. Brown algae were distributed along the entire fjord axis at 2–32 m. Green algae were only present at the middle to inner fjord and at areas influenced by physical disturbance at water depths of 2–26 m. With proximity to the inner fjord the depth distribution of all macroalgae became shallower and only extended to 18 m depth at the innermost location. Major recipients of detached macroalgae were sites at the shallower inner fjord and at the middle fjord below the photic zone at depths to 138 m. They may either fuel deep water secondary production, decompose or support carbon sequestration. Univariate and community analyses of macroalgal classes including detached macroalgae across transects and over depths reveal a considerable difference in community structure between the outermost sites, the central part and the inner fjord areas, reflecting the strong environmental gradients along glacial fjords.
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Kwan V, Fong J, Ng CSL, Huang D. Temporal and spatial dynamics of tropical macroalgal contributions to blue carbon. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 828:154369. [PMID: 35259389 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Blue carbon ecosystems are a vital part of nature-based climate solutions due to their capacity to store and sequester carbon, but often exclude macroalgal beds even though they can form highly productive coastal ecosystems. Recent estimates of macroalgal contributions to global carbon sequestration are derived primarily from temperate kelp forests, while tropical macroalgal carbon stock in living biomass is still unclear. Here, using Singapore as a case study, we integrate field surveys and remote sensing data to estimate living macroalgal carbon stock. Results show that macroalgae in Singapore account for up to 650 Mg C biomass stock, which is greater than the aboveground carbon found in seagrass meadows but lower than that in mangrove forests. Ulva and Sargassum dominate macroalgal assemblages and biomass along the coast, with both genera exhibiting distinct spatio-temporal variation. The annual range of macroalgal biomass carbon is estimated to be 450 Mg C yr-1, or 0.77 Mg C ha-1 yr-1. Noting the uncertainties of the fate of macroalgal biomass carbon, we estimate the potential sequestration rate and find that it is comparable to mature terrestrial ecosystems such as tropical grasslands and temperate forests. This study demonstrates that macroalgal seasonality allows for a consistent amount of biomass carbon to either be exported and eventually sequestered, or harvested for utilization on an annual basis. These findings on macroalgal growth patterns and their considerable contributions to tropical coastal carbon pool add to the growing support for macroalgae to be formally included in blue carbon assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Kwan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore; Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore.
| | - Jenny Fong
- Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119227, Singapore
| | - Chin Soon Lionel Ng
- Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119227, Singapore
| | - Danwei Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore; Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore; Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119227, Singapore.
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Nicastro KR, Seuront L, McQuaid CD, Zardi GI. Symbiont-induced intraspecific phenotypic variation enhances plastic trapping and ingestion in biogenic habitats. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 826:153922. [PMID: 35183637 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plastic contamination has major effects on biodiversity, enhancing the consequences of other forms of global anthropogenic disturbance such as climate change and habitat fragmentation. Despite this and the recognised importance of intraspecific diversity, we still know relatively little about how plastic pollution affects diversity below the species level. Here, we assessed the effects of intraspecific variation in a habitat forming species (the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis) on the trapping and ingestion of microplastics. We focused on symbiont-induced phenotypic variation in mussel beds. Using fractal analysis, we measured an increase in the complexity of mussel bed surfaces by ca. 15% caused by phototropic shell-degrading endoliths. By simulating high tide flow conditions and incoming waves, we found that symbionts significantly increased microplastic accumulation in mussel beds. This likely reflects deceleration of near-bed flow velocities, creation of turbulence in the bottom boundary layer and consequently increased particle retention. This effect was not constant at high tide, with no effect of infestation on retention at the base of the mussel bed under mid and high flow conditions and reduced microplastic trapping on the surface of mussel shells. Nevertheless, under natural conditions, the ingestion and trapping of microplastic were higher by the mussels comprising beds with symbionts than those in beds without symbionts. Given the dependency of many species on mussel biogenic habitats, there is an increased risk of plastics moving up the food chain in mussel beds infested by symbiotic endoliths. Our results highlight how the effects of within-species phenotypic diversity may influence the consequences of rising levels of plastic pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy R Nicastro
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMR 8187 - LOG - Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, F-59000 Lille, France; CCMAR-Centro de Ciencias do Mar, CIMAR Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal; Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Laurent Seuront
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMR 8187 - LOG - Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, F-59000 Lille, France; Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; Department of Marine Resources and Energy, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Christopher D McQuaid
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Gerardo I Zardi
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa.
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A Retrospective Review of Global Commercial Seaweed Production-Current Challenges, Biosecurity and Mitigation Measures and Prospects. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127087. [PMID: 35742332 PMCID: PMC9222978 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Commercial seaweed cultivation has undergone drastic changes to keep up with the increasing demand in terms of the quantity and quality of the algal biomass needed to meet the requirements of constant innovation in industrial applications. Diseases caused by both biotic and abiotic factors have been identified as contributing to the economic loss of precious biomass. Biosecurity risk will eventually affect seaweed production as a whole and could cripple the seaweed industry. The current review sheds light on the biosecurity measures that address issues in the seaweed industry pushing towards increasing the quantity and quality of algal biomass, research on algal diseases, and tackling existing challenges as well as discussions on future directions of seaweed research. The review is presented to provide a clear understanding of the latest biosecurity developments from several segments in the seaweed research, especially from upstream cultivation encompassing the farming stages from seeding, harvesting, drying, and packing, which may lead to better management of this precious natural resource, conserving ecological balance while thriving on the economic momentum that seaweed can potentially provide in the future. Recommended breeding strategies and seedling stock selection are discussed that aim to address the importance of sustainable seaweed farming and facilitate informed decision-making. Sustainable seaweed cultivation also holds the key to reducing our carbon footprint, thereby fighting the existential crisis of climate change plaguing our generation.
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Climate benefits from establishing marine protected areas targeted at blue carbon solutions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2121705119. [PMID: 35653565 PMCID: PMC9191663 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2121705119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
SignificanceMarine conservation and the establishment of marine protected areas (MPAs) have gained attention as ways to protect and restore ecosystems and rebuild fish populations. They may also play an important role in sequestering carbon and reducing emissions from sources such as habitat degradation. Implementing six strategies for enhancing blue carbon sinks, including establishing MPAs to protect and restore coastal wetlands, macroalgae forests, and seafloor sediments and expand seaweed farming can not only remove significant amounts of carbon and avoid emissions but also bring many more environmental and human-related benefits.
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Dolliver J, O’Connor N. Whole System Analysis Is Required To Determine The Fate Of Macroalgal Carbon: A Systematic Review. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2022; 58:364-376. [PMID: 35397178 PMCID: PMC9325415 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The role of marine primary producers in capturing atmospheric CO2 has received increased attention in the global mission to mitigate climate change. Yet, our understanding of carbon sequestration performed by macroalgae has been limited to a relatively small number of studies that have estimated the ultimate fate of macroalgal-derived carbon. This systematic review was conducted to provide a timely synthesis of the methods used to determine the fate of macroalgal carbon in this rapidly expanding research area. It also aimed to provide suggestions for more effective future research. We found that the most common methods to estimate the fate of macroalgal carbon can be categorized into groups based on those that quantify: (i) export of macroalgal carbon to other environments-known as horizontal transport; (ii) sequestration of macroalgal carbon into deep-sea sediments-known as vertical transport; (iii) burial of macroalgal carbon directly beneath a benthic community; (iv) the loss of macroalgal carbon as particulate carbon or dissolved carbon to the water column; (v) the loss of macroalgal carbon to primary consumers; and finally (vi) those studies that combined multiple methods in one location. Based on this review, several recommendations for future research were formulated, which require the combination of multiple methods in a whole system analysis approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie Dolliver
- Department of ZoologyTrinity College DublinDublinD02 F6N2Ireland
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX1 3RBUK
| | - Nessa O’Connor
- Department of ZoologyTrinity College DublinDublinD02 F6N2Ireland
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Hurd CL, Law CS, Bach LT, Britton D, Hovenden M, Paine ER, Raven JA, Tamsitt V, Boyd PW. Forensic carbon accounting: Assessing the role of seaweeds for carbon sequestration. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2022; 58:347-363. [PMID: 35286717 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Carbon sequestration is defined as the secure storage of carbon-containing molecules for >100 years, and in the context of carbon dioxide removal for climate mitigation, the origin of this CO2 is from the atmosphere. On land, trees globally sequester substantial amounts of carbon in woody biomass, and an analogous role for seaweeds in ocean carbon sequestration has been suggested. The purposeful expansion of natural seaweed beds and aquaculture systems, including into the open ocean (ocean afforestation), has been proposed as a method of increasing carbon sequestration and use in carbon trading and offset schemes. However, to verify whether CO2 fixed by seaweeds through photosynthesis leads to carbon sequestration is extremely complex in the marine environment compared to terrestrial systems, because of the need to jointly consider: the comparatively rapid turnover of seaweed biomass, tracing the fate of carbon via particulate and dissolved organic carbon pathways in dynamic coastal waters, and the key role of atmosphere-ocean CO2 exchange. We propose a Forensic Carbon Accounting approach, in which a thorough analysis of carbon flows between the atmosphere and ocean, and into and out of seaweeds would be undertaken, for assessing the magnitude of CO2 removal and robust attribution of carbon sequestration to seaweeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catriona L Hurd
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - Cliff S Law
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, 6021, New Zealand
- Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
| | - Lennart T Bach
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - Damon Britton
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - Mark Hovenden
- Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - Ellie R Paine
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - John A Raven
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Dundee at the James Hutton Institute, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology, Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
- School of Biological Science, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Veronica Tamsitt
- University of South Florida College of Marine Science, 830 1st St S, St Petersburg, Florida, 33701, USA
- Climate Change Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Philip W Boyd
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
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Dissolved Iron from Steel Slag with Its Chelating Agent Promotes Seaweed Growth. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14095498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Blue carbon ecosystems are crucial for carbon sequestration on a global scale. However, it is unclear how we could promote and maximize carbon sequestration. Here, we demonstrate that providing an iron source to seaweed fostered its growth through increased photosynthetic efficiency and transformed the carbon into a biomass. Firstly, we revealed that the mixture of the steel slag and DTPA eluted iron dramatically in seawater. Next, we applied the eluate of the slag-DTPA pellet to the seaweed. The results for the eluate treatment showed a 25.8% increase in the photosynthetic pigment level and a 44.9% increase in the seaweed weight. Furthermore, we confirmed no elution of potential toxic substances from the steel slag and DTPA pellet. Finally, we applied the pellet at a depth of 15 m near seaweeds and observed a 52.0% increase of carbon weight in the pellet treated group, while the non-treated group showed only a 10.3% increase for five months. This study indicated that steel slag-DTPA pellet treatment induced seaweed growth and efficiently transformed its carbon into a seaweed biomass. Thus, steel slag and its chelating agent may contribute to the promotion of sea forestation and a subsequent increase in carbon sequestration known as blue carbon.
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Gao G, Beardall J, Jin P, Gao L, Xie S, Gao K. A review of existing and potential blue carbon contributions to climate change mitigation in the Anthropocene. J Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science & College of Ocean and Earth Sciences Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - John Beardall
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science & College of Ocean and Earth Sciences Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Clayton, VI 3800 Australia
| | - Peng Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering Guangzhou University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Lin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science & College of Ocean and Earth Sciences Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Shuyu Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science & College of Ocean and Earth Sciences Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Kunshan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science & College of Ocean and Earth Sciences Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
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Effects of harvesting on subtidal kelp forests (
Lessonia trabeculata
) in central Chile. Ecosphere 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Development of Quantitative Real-Time PCR for Detecting Environmental DNA Derived from Marine Macrophytes and Its Application to a Field Survey in Hiroshima Bay, Japan. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14050827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The sequestration and storage of carbon dioxide by marine macrophytes is called blue carbon; this ecosystem function of coastal marine ecosystems constitutes an important countermeasure to global climate change. The contribution of marine macrophytes to blue carbon requires a detailed examination of the organic carbon stock released by these macrophytes. Here, we introduce a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)-based environmental DNA (eDNA) system for the species-specific detection of marine macrophytes. and report its application in a field survey in Hiroshima Bay, Japan. A method of qPCR-based quantification was developed for mangrove, seagrass, Phaeophyceae, Rhodophyta and Chlorophyta species, or species-complex, collected from the Japanese coast to investigate their dynamics after they wither and die in the marine environment. A trial of the designed qPCR system was conducted using sediment samples from Hiroshima Bay. Ulva spp. were abundant in coastal areas of the bay, yet their eDNA in the sediments was scarce. In contrast, Zostera marina and the Sargassum subgenus Bactrophycus spp. were found at various sites in the bay, and high amounts of their eDNA were detected in the sediments. These results suggest that the fate of macrophyte-derived organic carbon after death varies among species.
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Bluhm BA, Brown K, Rotermund L, Williams W, Danielsen S, Carmack EC. New distribution records of kelp in the Kitikmeot Region, Northwest Passage, Canada, fill a pan-Arctic gap. Polar Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-022-03007-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AbstractKelps play important roles in ecosystems as they provide structural habitat and protection, and supply food. Given these beneficial roles and observed increases in seaweed biomass and distribution ranges across the Arctic, mapping kelp occurrence around Arctic coasts is both timely and necessary for future conservation. Here, we fill spatial gaps in the knowledge of kelp distribution in the southern Northwest Passage, Canadian Arctic Archipelago; specifically, we report the occurrence of Laminaria solidungula, Saccharina latissima and Alaria esculenta from Victoria and Dease straits and Bathurst Inlet in the Kitikmeot Region at depths mostly from 10 to 30 m (max. 40 m; upper extent vessel-limited). Kelp specimens were found at bottom water temperatures from sub-zero to 1 °C (surface-T to ~ 6 °C) and bottom water salinities of ~ 28 (surface-S < 20) in August–September. Kelp sites were characterized by both strong tidal currents (max. estimates from a tidal model 20–70 cm s−1 in center of passages) and hard substrates, interspersed with finer sediments. Co-occurring identifiable epibenthos was dominated by suspension-feeders preferring currents (sea cucumbers, soft corals, Hiatella clams), potential kelp consumers (sea urchins Strongylocentrotus sp., Margarites snails, limpets) and predatory invertebrates (sea stars, lyre crabs). At the same and some deeper nearby sites, loose kelp fragments were also found at the seabed, suggesting that kelps contribute to the regional detrital food web by supplying carbon to less productive sites. Kelps in the region may expand their ranges and/or growing season with reduced ice cover and warming, although constraints through local turbidity sources, extreme temperatures, low salinity and low nutrient concentrations are also recognized.
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Collins N, Kumar Mediboyina M, Cerca M, Vance C, Murphy F. Economic and environmental sustainability analysis of seaweed farming: Monetizing carbon offsets of a brown algae cultivation system in Ireland. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 346:126637. [PMID: 34971774 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This paper examines the economic and environmental costs of seaweed cultivation (Alaria esculenta) in Ireland and evaluates the potential revenue made on the voluntary carbon offset market (VCOM). The life cycle assessment (LCA) results revealed the cultivation equipment with the polypropylene used for the cultivation lines contributes the highest share of impacts due to their replacement rate. This study suggests long-term employment of farm infrastructure and increased seaweed yield could enhance the environmental sustainability of the system. Moreover, life cycle costing (LCC) indicates the seaweed farm in Ireland is economically feasible over a 20-year lifespan. However, the revenue generated on the VCOM from the seaweed carbon assimilation was minimal, contributing to only 5% of the revenue. This study concludes that further development of the seaweed market with stabilized biomass prices and producing a range of viable products from seaweed biomass will be a major factor in the economic sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niall Collins
- School of Biosystems & Food Engineering, University College Dublin, Agriculture Building, UCD Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Maneesh Kumar Mediboyina
- School of Biosystems & Food Engineering, University College Dublin, Agriculture Building, UCD Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; BiOrbic Bioeconomy SFI Research Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Mariana Cerca
- School of Biosystems & Food Engineering, University College Dublin, Agriculture Building, UCD Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; BiOrbic Bioeconomy SFI Research Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Charlene Vance
- School of Biosystems & Food Engineering, University College Dublin, Agriculture Building, UCD Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; BiOrbic Bioeconomy SFI Research Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fionnuala Murphy
- School of Biosystems & Food Engineering, University College Dublin, Agriculture Building, UCD Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; BiOrbic Bioeconomy SFI Research Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
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Xu K, Li M, Wang W, Xu Y, Ji D, Chen C, Xie C. Differences in organic carbon release between conchocelis and thalli of Pyropia haitanensis and responses to changes in light intensity and pH. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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50
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Frontier N, Mulas M, Foggo A, Smale DA. The influence of light and temperature on detritus degradation rates for kelp species with contrasting thermal affinities. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 173:105529. [PMID: 34800869 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Kelp detritus fuels coastal food webs and may play an important role as a source of organic matter for natural carbon sequestration. Here, we conducted ex situ and in situ manipulations to evaluate the role of temperature and light availability in the breakdown of detrital material. We examined degradation rates of two North Atlantic species with contrasting thermal affinities: the 'warm water' kelp Laminaria ochroleuca and the 'cool water' Laminaria hyperborea. Detrital fragments were exposed to different temperatures in controlled conditions and across an in situ gradient of depth, corresponding to light availability. Overall, degradation rates (i.e. changes in Fv/Fm and biomass) were faster under lower light conditions and at higher temperatures, although responses were highly variable between plants and fragments. Crucially, as L. ochroleuca degraded faster than L. hyperborea under some conditions, a climate-driven substitution of the 'cool' for the 'warm' kelp, which has been observed at some locations, will likely increase detritus turnover rates and alter detrital pathways in certain environments. More importantly, ocean warming combined with decreased coastal water quality will likely accelerate kelp detritus decomposition, with potential implications for coastal food webs and carbon cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Frontier
- Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK; Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Martina Mulas
- Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK; Israel Oceanographic & Limnological Research, The National Institute of Oceanography, P.O.BOX 8030, 31080, Haifa, Israel; The Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, Haifa, Israel
| | - Andrew Foggo
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Dan A Smale
- Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK.
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