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Gong W, Guo L, Huang C, Xie B, Jiang M, Zhao Y, Zhang H, Wu Y, Liang H. A systematic review of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in mariculture wastewater: Antibiotics removal by microalgal-bacterial symbiotic system (MBSS), ARGs characterization on the metagenomic. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 930:172601. [PMID: 38657817 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Antibiotic residues in mariculture wastewater seriously affect the aquatic environment. Antibiotic Resistance Genes (ARGs) produced under antibiotic stress flow through the environment and eventually enter the human body, seriously affecting human health. Microalgal-bacterial symbiotic system (MBSS) can remove antibiotics from mariculture and reduce the flow of ARGs into the environment. This review encapsulates the present scenario of mariculture wastewater, the removal mechanism of MBSS for antibiotics, and the biomolecular information under metagenomic assay. When confronted with antibiotics, there was a notable augmentation in the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) content within MBSS, along with a concurrent elevation in the proportion of protein (PN) constituents within the EPS, which limits the entry of antibiotics into the cellular interior. Quorum sensing stimulates the microorganisms to produce biological responses (DNA synthesis - for adhesion) through signaling. Oxidative stress promotes gene expression (coupling, conjugation) to enhance horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in MBSS. The microbial community under metagenomic detection is dominated by aerobic bacteria in the bacterial-microalgal system. Compared to aerobic bacteria, anaerobic bacteria had the significant advantage of decreasing the distribution of ARGs. Overall, MBSS exhibits remarkable efficacy in mitigating the challenges posed by antibiotics and resistant genes from mariculture wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Gong
- School of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, PR China.
| | - Lin Guo
- School of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Chenxin Huang
- School of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Binghan Xie
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai 264209, PR China.
| | - Mengmeng Jiang
- School of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Yuzhou Zhao
- School of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Haotian Zhang
- School of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - YuXuan Wu
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai 264209, PR China
| | - Heng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, PR China
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Patra D, Ghosh S, Mukherjee S, Acharya Y, Mukherjee R, Haldar J. Antimicrobial nanocomposite coatings for rapid intervention against catheter-associated urinary tract infections. NANOSCALE 2024. [PMID: 38787647 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00653d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) pose a significant challenge in hospital settings. Current solutions available on the market involve incorporating antimicrobials and antiseptics into catheters. However, challenges such as uncontrolled release leading to undesirable toxicity, as well as the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance reduce the effectiveness of these solutions. Additionally, conventional antibiotics fail to effectively eradicate entrenched bacteria and metabolically suppressed bacteria present in the biofilm, necessitating the exploration of alternative strategies. Here, we introduce a novel polymer-nanocomposite coating that imparts rapid antimicrobial and anti-biofilm properties to coated urinary catheters. We have coated silicone-based urinary catheters with an organo-soluble antimicrobial polymer nanocomposite (APN), containing hydrophobic quaternized polyethyleneimine and zinc oxide nanoparticles, in a single step coating process. The coated surfaces exhibited rapid eradication of drug-resistant bacteria within 10-15 min, including E. coli, K. pneumoniae, MRSA, and S. epidermidis, as well as drug-resistant C. albicans fungi. APN coated catheters exhibited potent bactericidal activity against uropathogenic strains of E. coli, even when incubated in human urine. Furthermore, the stability of the coating and retention of antimicrobial activity was validated even after multiple washes. More importantly, this coating deterred biofilm formation on the catheter surface, and displayed rapid inactivation of metabolically repressed stationary phase and persister cells. The ability of the coated surfaces to disrupt bacterial membranes and induce the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was assessed through different techniques, such as electron microscopy imaging, flow cytometry as well as fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy. The surface coatings were found to be biocompatible in an in vivo mice model. Our simple one-step coating approach for catheters holds significant potential owing to its ability to tackle multidrug resistant bacteria and fungi, and the challenge of biofilm formation. This work brings us one step closer to enhancing patient care and safety in hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipanjana Patra
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bengaluru-560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Sreyan Ghosh
- Antimicrobial Research Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bengaluru-560064, Karnataka, India.
| | - Sudip Mukherjee
- Antimicrobial Research Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bengaluru-560064, Karnataka, India.
| | - Yash Acharya
- Antimicrobial Research Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bengaluru-560064, Karnataka, India.
| | - Riya Mukherjee
- Antimicrobial Research Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bengaluru-560064, Karnataka, India.
| | - Jayanta Haldar
- Antimicrobial Research Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bengaluru-560064, Karnataka, India.
- School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bengaluru-560064, Karnataka, India
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Pandey P, Vavilala SL. From Gene Editing to Biofilm Busting: CRISPR-CAS9 Against Antibiotic Resistance-A Review. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024:10.1007/s12013-024-01276-y. [PMID: 38702575 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01276-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
In recent decades, the development of novel antimicrobials has significantly slowed due to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), intensifying the global struggle against infectious diseases. Microbial populations worldwide rapidly develop resistance due to the widespread use of antibiotics, primarily targeting drug-resistant germs. A prominent manifestation of this resistance is the formation of biofilms, where bacteria create protective layers using signaling pathways such as quorum sensing. In response to this challenge, the CRISPR-Cas9 method has emerged as a ground-breaking strategy to counter biofilms. Initially identified as the "adaptive immune system" of bacteria, CRISPR-Cas9 has evolved into a state-of-the-art genetic engineering tool. Its exceptional precision in altering specific genes across diverse microorganisms positions it as a promising alternative for addressing antibiotic resistance by selectively modifying genes in diverse microorganisms. This comprehensive review concentrates on the historical background, discovery, developmental stages, and distinct components of CRISPR Cas9 technology. Emphasizing its role as a widely used genome engineering tool, the review explores how CRISPR Cas9 can significantly contribute to the targeted disruption of genes responsible for biofilm formation, highlighting its pivotal role in reshaping strategies to combat antibiotic resistance and mitigate the challenges posed by biofilm-associated infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Pandey
- School of Biological Sciences, UM DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, Mumbai, 400098, India
| | - Sirisha L Vavilala
- School of Biological Sciences, UM DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, Mumbai, 400098, India.
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4
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Er-Rahmani S, Errabiti B, Matencio A, Trotta F, Latrache H, Koraichi SI, Elabed S. Plant-derived bioactive compounds for the inhibition of biofilm formation: a comprehensive review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:34859-34880. [PMID: 38744766 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33532-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Biofilm formation is a widespread phenomenon that impacts different fields, including the food industry, agriculture, health care and the environment. Accordingly, there is a serious need for new methods of managing the problem of biofilm formation. Natural products have historically been a rich source of varied compounds with a wide variety of biological functions, including antibiofilm agents. In this review, we critically highlight and discuss the recent progress in understanding the antibiofilm effects of several bioactive compounds isolated from different plants, and in elucidating the underlying mechanisms of action and the factors influencing their adhesion. The literature shows that bioactive compounds have promising antibiofilm potential against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial and fungal strains, via several mechanisms of action, such as suppressing the formation of the polymer matrix, limiting O2 consumption, inhibiting microbial DNA replication, decreasing hydrophobicity of cell surfaces and blocking the quorum sensing network. This antibiofilm activity is influenced by several environmental factors, such as nutritional cues, pH values, O2 availability and temperature. This review demonstrates that several bioactive compounds could mitigate the problem of biofilm production. However, toxicological assessment and pharmacokinetic investigations of these molecules are strongly required to validate their safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Er-Rahmani
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University of Fez, Imouzzer Road, 30000, Fez, Morocco
- Department of Chemistry, Nanomaterials for Industry and Sustainability Centre (NIS Centre), Università Di Torino, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Badr Errabiti
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University of Fez, Imouzzer Road, 30000, Fez, Morocco
| | - Adrián Matencio
- Department of Chemistry, Nanomaterials for Industry and Sustainability Centre (NIS Centre), Università Di Torino, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Trotta
- Department of Chemistry, Nanomaterials for Industry and Sustainability Centre (NIS Centre), Università Di Torino, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Hassan Latrache
- Laboratory of Bioprocesses and Bio-Interfaces, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, 23000, Beni Mellal, Morocco
| | - Saad Ibnsouda Koraichi
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University of Fez, Imouzzer Road, 30000, Fez, Morocco
| | - Soumya Elabed
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University of Fez, Imouzzer Road, 30000, Fez, Morocco.
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Javed MA, Ivanovich N, Messinese E, Liu R, Astorga SE, Yeo YP, Idapalapati S, Lauro FM, Wade SA. The Role of Metallurgical Features in the Microbially Influenced Corrosion of Carbon Steel: A Critical Review. Microorganisms 2024; 12:892. [PMID: 38792722 PMCID: PMC11124232 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12050892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbially influenced corrosion (MIC) is a potentially critical degradation mechanism for a wide range of materials exposed to environments that contain relevant microorganisms. The likelihood and rate of MIC are affected by microbiological, chemical, and metallurgical factors; hence, the understanding of the mechanisms involved, verification of the presence of MIC, and the development of mitigation methods require a multidisciplinary approach. Much of the recent focus in MIC research has been on the microbiological and chemical aspects, with less attention given to metallurgical attributes. Here, we address this knowledge gap by providing a critical synthesis of the literature on the metallurgical aspects of MIC of carbon steel, a material frequently associated with MIC failures and widely used in construction and infrastructure globally. The article begins by introducing the process of MIC, then progresses to explore the complexities of various metallurgical factors relevant to MIC in carbon steel. These factors include chemical composition, grain size, grain boundaries, microstructural phases, inclusions, and welds, highlighting their potential influence on MIC processes. This review systematically presents key discoveries, trends, and the limitations of prior research, offering some novel insights into the impact of metallurgical factors on MIC, particularly for the benefit of those already familiar with other aspects of MIC. The article concludes with recommendations for documenting metallurgical data in MIC research. An appreciation of relevant metallurgical attributes is essential for a critical assessment of a material's vulnerability to MIC to advance research practices and to broaden the collective knowledge in this rapidly evolving area of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Awais Javed
- School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia;
| | - Nicolò Ivanovich
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore;
| | - Elena Messinese
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Via Luigi Mancinelli, 7, 20131 Milan, Italy;
| | - Ruiliang Liu
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637751, Singapore; (R.L.); (S.E.A.); (Y.P.Y.)
- Curtin Corrosion Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Western Australia School of Mines (WASM), Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Solange E. Astorga
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637751, Singapore; (R.L.); (S.E.A.); (Y.P.Y.)
| | - Yee Phan Yeo
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637751, Singapore; (R.L.); (S.E.A.); (Y.P.Y.)
| | - Sridhar Idapalapati
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore;
| | - Federico M. Lauro
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore;
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637751, Singapore; (R.L.); (S.E.A.); (Y.P.Y.)
- Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute (NEWRI), Nanyang Technological University, Cleantech ONE, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Scott A. Wade
- School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia;
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Araújo D, Silva AR, Fernandes R, Serra P, Barros MM, Campos AM, Oliveira R, Silva S, Almeida C, Castro J. Emerging Approaches for Mitigating Biofilm-Formation-Associated Infections in Farm, Wild, and Companion Animals. Pathogens 2024; 13:320. [PMID: 38668275 PMCID: PMC11054384 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13040320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The importance of addressing the problem of biofilms in farm, wild, and companion animals lies in their pervasive impact on animal health and welfare. Biofilms, as resilient communities of microorganisms, pose a persistent challenge in causing infections and complicating treatment strategies. Recognizing and understanding the importance of mitigating biofilm formation is critical to ensuring the welfare of animals in a variety of settings, from farms to the wild and companion animals. Effectively addressing this issue not only improves the overall health of individual animals, but also contributes to the broader goals of sustainable agriculture, wildlife conservation, and responsible pet ownership. This review examines the current understanding of biofilm formation in animal diseases and elucidates the complex processes involved. Recognizing the limitations of traditional antibiotic treatments, mechanisms of resistance associated with biofilms are explored. The focus is on alternative therapeutic strategies to control biofilm, with illuminating case studies providing valuable context and practical insights. In conclusion, the review highlights the importance of exploring emerging approaches to mitigate biofilm formation in animals. It consolidates existing knowledge, highlights gaps in understanding, and encourages further research to address this critical facet of animal health. The comprehensive perspective provided by this review serves as a foundation for future investigations and interventions to improve the management of biofilm-associated infections in diverse animal populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Araújo
- INIAV—National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Rua dos Lagidos, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.R.S.); (R.F.); (P.S.); (M.M.B.); (A.M.C.); (R.O.); (S.S.); (C.A.)
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Silva
- INIAV—National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Rua dos Lagidos, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.R.S.); (R.F.); (P.S.); (M.M.B.); (A.M.C.); (R.O.); (S.S.); (C.A.)
| | - Rúben Fernandes
- INIAV—National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Rua dos Lagidos, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.R.S.); (R.F.); (P.S.); (M.M.B.); (A.M.C.); (R.O.); (S.S.); (C.A.)
| | - Patrícia Serra
- INIAV—National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Rua dos Lagidos, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.R.S.); (R.F.); (P.S.); (M.M.B.); (A.M.C.); (R.O.); (S.S.); (C.A.)
| | - Maria Margarida Barros
- INIAV—National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Rua dos Lagidos, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.R.S.); (R.F.); (P.S.); (M.M.B.); (A.M.C.); (R.O.); (S.S.); (C.A.)
- CECAV—Veterinary and Animal Research Centre, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana Maria Campos
- INIAV—National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Rua dos Lagidos, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.R.S.); (R.F.); (P.S.); (M.M.B.); (A.M.C.); (R.O.); (S.S.); (C.A.)
| | - Ricardo Oliveira
- INIAV—National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Rua dos Lagidos, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.R.S.); (R.F.); (P.S.); (M.M.B.); (A.M.C.); (R.O.); (S.S.); (C.A.)
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- AliCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sónia Silva
- INIAV—National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Rua dos Lagidos, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.R.S.); (R.F.); (P.S.); (M.M.B.); (A.M.C.); (R.O.); (S.S.); (C.A.)
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Carina Almeida
- INIAV—National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Rua dos Lagidos, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.R.S.); (R.F.); (P.S.); (M.M.B.); (A.M.C.); (R.O.); (S.S.); (C.A.)
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- AliCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Castro
- INIAV—National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Rua dos Lagidos, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.R.S.); (R.F.); (P.S.); (M.M.B.); (A.M.C.); (R.O.); (S.S.); (C.A.)
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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Lai CH, Wong MY, Huang TY, Kao CC, Lin YH, Lu CH, Huang YK. Exploration of agr types, virulence-associated genes, and biofilm formation ability in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from hemodialysis patients with vascular access infections. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1367016. [PMID: 38681224 PMCID: PMC11045986 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1367016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Staphylococcus aureus, is a pathogen commonly encountered in both community and hospital settings. Patients receiving hemodialysis treatment face an elevated risk of vascular access infections (VAIs) particularly Staphylococcus aureus, infection. This heightened risk is attributed to the characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus, , enabling it to adhere to suitable surfaces and form biofilms, thereby rendering it resistant to external interventions and complicating treatment efforts. Methods Therefore this study utilized PCR and microtiter dish biofilm formation assay to determine the difference in the virulence genes and biofilm formation among in our study collected of 103 Staphylococcus aureus, isolates from hemodialysis patients utilizing arteriovenous grafts (AVGs), tunneled cuffed catheters (TCCs), and arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) during November 2013 to December 2021. Results Our findings revealed that both MRSA and MSSA isolates exhibited strong biofilm production capabilities. Additionally, we confirmed the presence of agr types and virulence genes through PCR analysis. The majority of the collected isolates were identified as agr type I. However, agr type II isolates displayed a higher average number of virulence genes, with MRSA isolates exhibiting a variety of virulence genes. Notably, combinations of biofilm-associated genes, such as eno-clfA-clfB-fib-icaA-icaD and eno-clfA-clfB-fib-fnbB-icaA-icaD, were prevalent among Staphylococcus aureus, isolates obtained from vascular access infections. Discussion These insights contribute to a better understanding of the molecular characteristics associated with Staphylococcus aureus, infections in hemodialysis patients and provided more targeted and effective treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hsiang Lai
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Min Yi Wong
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Yu Huang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chen Kao
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hui Lin
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Hsueh Lu
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Kuang Huang
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chiayi Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Chiayi, Taiwan
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8
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Brannon JR, Reasoner SA, Bermudez TA, Comer SL, Wiebe MA, Dunigan TL, Beebout CJ, Ross T, Bamidele A, Hadjifrangiskou M. Mapping niche-specific two-component system requirements in uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0223623. [PMID: 38385738 PMCID: PMC10986536 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02236-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Sensory systems allow pathogens to differentiate between different niches and respond to stimuli within them. A major mechanism through which bacteria sense and respond to stimuli in their surroundings is two-component systems (TCSs). TCSs allow for the detection of multiple stimuli to lead to a highly controlled and rapid change in gene expression. Here, we provide a comprehensive list of TCSs important for the pathogenesis of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). UPEC accounts for >75% of urinary tract infections (UTIs) worldwide. UTIs are most prevalent among people assigned female at birth, with the vagina becoming colonized by UPEC in addition to the gut and the bladder. In the bladder, adherence to the urothelium triggers E. coli invasion of bladder cells and an intracellular pathogenic cascade. Intracellular E. coli are safely hidden from host neutrophils, competition from the microbiota, and antibiotics that kill extracellular E. coli. To survive in these intimately connected, yet physiologically diverse niches E. coli must rapidly coordinate metabolic and virulence systems in response to the distinct stimuli encountered in each environment. We hypothesized that specific TCSs allow UPEC to sense these diverse environments encountered during infection with built-in redundant safeguards. Here, we created a library of isogenic TCS deletion mutants that we leveraged to map distinct TCS contributions to infection. We identify-for the first time-a comprehensive panel of UPEC TCSs that are critical for infection of the genitourinary tract and report that the TCSs mediating colonization of the bladder, kidneys, or vagina are distinct.IMPORTANCEWhile two-component system (TCS) signaling has been investigated at depth in model strains of Escherichia coli, there have been no studies to elucidate-at a systems level-which TCSs are important during infection by pathogenic Escherichia coli. Here, we report the generation of a markerless TCS deletion library in a uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) isolate that can be leveraged for dissecting the role of TCS signaling in different aspects of pathogenesis. We use this library to demonstrate, for the first time in UPEC, that niche-specific colonization is guided by distinct TCS groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R. Brannon
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Molecular Pathogenesis, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Seth A. Reasoner
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Molecular Pathogenesis, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Tomas A. Bermudez
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Molecular Pathogenesis, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sarah L. Comer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Molecular Pathogenesis, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Michelle A. Wiebe
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Molecular Pathogenesis, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Taryn L. Dunigan
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Molecular Pathogenesis, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Connor J. Beebout
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Molecular Pathogenesis, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Tamia Ross
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Molecular Pathogenesis, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Adebisi Bamidele
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Molecular Pathogenesis, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Maria Hadjifrangiskou
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Molecular Pathogenesis, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Westcott MM, Morse AE, Troy G, Blevins M, Wierzba T, Sanders JW. Photochemical inactivation as an alternative method to produce a whole-cell vaccine for uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0366123. [PMID: 38315025 PMCID: PMC10913755 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03661-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the primary causative agent of lower urinary tract infection (UTI). UTI presents a serious health risk and has considerable secondary implications including economic burden, recurring episodes, and overuse of antibiotics. A safe and effective vaccine would address this widespread health problem and emerging antibiotic resistance. Killed, whole-cell vaccines have shown limited efficacy to prevent recurrent UTI in human trials. We explored photochemical inactivation with psoralen drugs and UVA light (PUVA), which crosslinks nucleic acid, as an alternative to protein-damaging methods of inactivation to improve whole-cell UTI vaccines. Exposure of UPEC to the psoralen drug AMT and UVA light resulted in a killed but metabolically active (KBMA) state, as reported previously for other PUVA-inactivated bacteria. The immunogenicity of PUVA-UPEC as compared to formalin-inactivated UPEC was compared in mice. Both generated high UPEC-specific serum IgG titers after intramuscular delivery. However, using functional adherence as a measure of surface protein integrity, we found differences in the properties of PUVA- and formalin-inactivated UPEC. Adhesion mediated by Type-1 and P-fimbriae was severely compromised by formalin but was unaffected by PUVA, indicating that PUVA preserved the functional conformation of fimbrial proteins, which are targets of protective immune responses. In vitro assays indicated that although they retained metabolic activity, PUVA-UPEC lost virulence properties that could negatively impact vaccine safety. Our results imply the potential for PUVA to improve killed, whole-cell UTI vaccines by generating bacteria that more closely resemble their live, infectious counterparts relative to vaccines generated with protein-damaging methods. IMPORTANCE Lower urinary tract infection (UTI), caused primarily by uropathogenic Escherichia coli, represents a significant health burden, accounting for 7 million primary care and 1 million emergency room visits annually in the United States. Women and the elderly are especially susceptible and recurrent infection (rUTI) is common in those populations. Lower UTI can lead to life-threatening systemic infection. UTI burden is manifested by healthcare dollars spent (1.5 billion annually), quality of life impact, and resistant strains emerging from antibiotic overuse. A safe and effective vaccine to prevent rUTI would address a substantial healthcare issue. Vaccines comprised of inactivated uropathogenic bacteria have yielded encouraging results in clinical trials but improvements that enhance vaccine performance are needed. To that end, we focused on inactivation methodology and provided data to support photochemical inactivation, which targets nucleic acid, as a promising alternative to conventional protein-damaging inactivation methods to improve whole-cell UTI vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlena M. Westcott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alexis E. Morse
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gavin Troy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Maria Blevins
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases Section, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Thomas Wierzba
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases Section, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - John W. Sanders
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases Section, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
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10
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Kim HW, Lee JW, Yu AR, Yoon HS, Kang M, Lee BS, Park HW, Lee SK, Whang J, Kim JS. Isoegomaketone exhibits potential as a new Mycobacterium abscessus inhibitor. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1344914. [PMID: 38585695 PMCID: PMC10996855 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1344914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Although the incidence of Mycobacterium abscessus infection has recently increased significantly, treatment is difficult because this bacterium is resistant to most anti-tuberculosis drugs. In particular, M. abscessus is often resistant to available macrolide antibiotics, so therapeutic options are extremely limited. Hence, there is a pressing demand to create effective drugs or therapeutic regimens for M. abscessus infections. The aim of the investigation was to assess the capability of isoegomaketone (iEMK) as a therapeutic option for treating M. abscessus infections. We determined the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of iEMK for both reference and clinically isolated M. abscessus strains. In addition to time-kill and biofilm formation assays, we evaluated iEMK's capability to inhibit M. abscessus growth in macrophages using an intracellular colony counting assay. iEMK inhibited the growth of reference and clinically isolated M. abscessus strains in macrophages and demonstrated effectiveness at lower concentrations against macrophage-infected M. abscessus than when used to treat the bacteria directly. Importantly, iEMK also exhibited anti-biofilm properties and the potential to mitigate macrolide-inducible resistance, underscoring its promise as a standalone or adjunctive therapeutic agent. Overall, our results suggest that further development of iEMK as a clinical drug candidate is promising for inhibiting M. abscessus growth, especially considering its dual action against both planktonic bacteria and biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Won Kim
- Myunggok Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Lee
- Myunggok Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - A-Reum Yu
- Myunggok Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoe Sun Yoon
- Myunggok Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Kang
- Korea Mycobacterium Resource Center (KMRC), Department of Research and Development, The Korean Institute of Tuberculosis, Osong, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Soo Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan-Woo Park
- Department of Cell Biology, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ki Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jake Whang
- Korea Mycobacterium Resource Center (KMRC), Department of Research and Development, The Korean Institute of Tuberculosis, Osong, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Seok Kim
- Myunggok Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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11
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Ezeh CK, Dibua MEU. Anti-biofilm, drug delivery and cytotoxicity properties of dendrimers. ADMET AND DMPK 2024; 12:239-267. [PMID: 38720923 PMCID: PMC11075165 DOI: 10.5599/admet.1917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Treatments using antimicrobial agents have faced many difficulties as a result of biofilm formation by pathogenic microorganisms. The biofilm matrix formed by these microorganisms prevents antimicrobial agents from penetrating the interior where they can exact their activity effectively. Additionally, extracellular polymeric molecules associated with biofilm surfaces can absorb antimicrobial compounds, lowering their bioavailability. This problem has resulted in the quest for alternative treatment protocols, and the development of nanomaterials and devices through nanotechnology has recently been on the rise. Research approach The literature on dendrimers was searched for in databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect. Key results As a nanomaterial, dendrimers have found useful applications as a drug delivery vehicle for antimicrobial agents against biofilm-mediated infections to circumvent these defense mechanisms. The distinctive properties of dendrimers, such as multi-valency, biocompatibility, high water solubility, non-immunogenicity, and biofilm matrix-/cell membrane fusogenicity (ability to merge with intracellular membrane or other proteins), significantly increase the efficacy of antimicrobial agents and reduce the likelihood of recurring infections. Conclusion This review outlines the current state of dendrimer carriers for biofilm treatments, provides examples of their real-world uses, and examines potential drawbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian K. Ezeh
- University of Nigeria, Department of Microbiology, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
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12
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Cavallo I, Sivori F, Mastrofrancesco A, Abril E, Pontone M, Di Domenico EG, Pimpinelli F. Bacterial Biofilm in Chronic Wounds and Possible Therapeutic Approaches. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:109. [PMID: 38392327 PMCID: PMC10886835 DOI: 10.3390/biology13020109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Wound repair and skin regeneration is a very complex orchestrated process that is generally composed of four phases: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Each phase involves the activation of different cells and the production of various cytokines, chemokines, and other inflammatory mediators affecting the immune response. The microbial skin composition plays an important role in wound healing. Indeed, skin commensals are essential in the maintenance of the epidermal barrier function, regulation of the host immune response, and protection from invading pathogenic microorganisms. Chronic wounds are common and are considered a major public health problem due to their difficult-to-treat features and their frequent association with challenging chronic infections. These infections can be very tough to manage due to the ability of some bacteria to produce multicellular structures encapsulated into a matrix called biofilms. The bacterial species contained in the biofilm are often different, as is their capability to influence the healing of chronic wounds. Biofilms are, in fact, often tolerant and resistant to antibiotics and antiseptics, leading to the failure of treatment. For these reasons, biofilms impede appropriate treatment and, consequently, prolong the wound healing period. Hence, there is an urgent necessity to deepen the knowledge of the pathophysiology of delayed wound healing and to develop more effective therapeutic approaches able to restore tissue damage. This work covers the wound-healing process and the pathogenesis of chronic wounds infected by biofilm-forming pathogens. An overview of the strategies to counteract biofilm formation or to destroy existing biofilms is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Cavallo
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCSS, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Sivori
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCSS, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Mastrofrancesco
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCSS, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Elva Abril
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCSS, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Pontone
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCSS, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Enea Gino Di Domenico
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Fulvia Pimpinelli
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCSS, 00144 Rome, Italy
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13
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Kassab RM, Zaki MEA, Al-Hussain SA, Abdelmonsef AH, Muhammad ZA. Two Novel Regioisomeric Series of Bis-pyrazolines: Synthesis, In Silico Study, DFT Calculations, and Comparative Antibacterial Potency Profile against Drug-Resistant Bacteria; MSSA, MRSA, and VRSA. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:3349-3362. [PMID: 38284096 PMCID: PMC10809241 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Aims: Design and synthesis of antimicrobial prototypes that are capable of eradicating bacterial biofilm formation that is responsible for many health challenges particularly with antibiotic-resistant bacterial species. Materials and Methods: The utility of 1,3-diarylenones, aka chalcones, 3a-i and 8a-j as building blocks to construct the corresponding bis-pyrazoline derivatives 5aa-bh and 9ad-bj. Screening the antibacterial behavior of the novel bis-pyrazoline derivatives against methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), and vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA) bacterial strains was investigated. Results: Chalcones were used as building scaffolds to construct two series of di- and trisubstituted bis-pyrazoline derivatives. Numerous novel bis-compounds displayed decent bacterial biofilm suppression. Conclusions: Two regioisomeric series of bis-chalcones were designed and constructed, and their structural diversity was manipulated to access the intrinsically bioactive, pyrazoline ring. The newly synthesized bis-pyrazoline derivatives presented decent antibacterial behavior against multiple drug-resistant bacterial strands (MSSA, MRSA, and VRSA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Refaie M. Kassab
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo
University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Magdi E. A. Zaki
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Mohammad
Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami A. Al-Hussain
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Mohammad
Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Zeinab A. Muhammad
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry
Department, National Organization for Drug
Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza 12311, Egypt
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14
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Kaushik A, Kest H, Sood M, Steussy BW, Thieman C, Gupta S. Biofilm Producing Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Infections in Humans: Clinical Implications and Management. Pathogens 2024; 13:76. [PMID: 38251383 PMCID: PMC10819455 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Since its initial description in the 1960s, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has developed multiple mechanisms for antimicrobial resistance and evading the immune system, including biofilm production. MRSA is now a widespread pathogen, causing a spectrum of infections ranging from superficial skin issues to severe conditions like osteoarticular infections and endocarditis, leading to high morbidity and mortality. Biofilm production is a key aspect of MRSA's ability to invade, spread, and resist antimicrobial treatments. Environmental factors, such as suboptimal antibiotics, pH, temperature, and tissue oxygen levels, enhance biofilm formation. Biofilms are intricate bacterial structures with dense organisms embedded in polysaccharides, promoting their resilience. The process involves stages of attachment, expansion, maturation, and eventually disassembly or dispersion. MRSA's biofilm formation has a complex molecular foundation, involving genes like icaADBC, fnbA, fnbB, clfA, clfB, atl, agr, sarA, sarZ, sigB, sarX, psm, icaR, and srtA. Recognizing pivotal genes for biofilm formation has led to potential therapeutic strategies targeting elemental and enzymatic properties to combat MRSA biofilms. This review provides a practical approach for healthcare practitioners, addressing biofilm pathogenesis, disease spectrum, and management guidelines, including advances in treatment. Effective management involves appropriate antimicrobial therapy, surgical interventions, foreign body removal, and robust infection control practices to curtail spread within healthcare environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlesha Kaushik
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, St. Luke’s Regional Medical Center, Unity Point Health, 2720 Stone Park Blvd, Sioux City, IA 51104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Master of Science, Healthcare Quality and Safety, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Helen Kest
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, St. Joseph’s Children’s Hospital, 703 Main Street, Paterson, NJ 07503, USA;
| | - Mangla Sood
- Department of Pediatrics, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla 171006, India;
| | - Bryan W. Steussy
- Division of Microbiology, St. Luke’s Regional Medical Center, Unity Point Health, 2720 Stone Park Blvd, Sioux City, IA 51104, USA;
| | - Corey Thieman
- Division of Pharmacology, St. Luke’s Regional Medical Center, Unity Point Health, 2720 Stone Park Blvd, Sioux City, IA 51104, USA;
| | - Sandeep Gupta
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, St. Luke’s Regional Medical Center, Unity Point Health, 2720 Stone Park Blvd, Sioux City, IA 51104, USA;
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15
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Dai J, Luo W, Hu F, Li S. In vitro inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 biofilm formation by DZ2002 through regulation of extracellular DNA and alginate production. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 13:1333773. [PMID: 38268790 PMCID: PMC10806038 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1333773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a common pathogen associated with biofilm infections, which can lead to persistent infections. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new anti-biofilm drugs. DZ2002 is a reversible inhibitor that targets S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase and possesses anti-inflammatory and immune-regulatory activities. However, its anti-biofilm activity has not been reported yet. Methods and results Therefore, we investigated the effect of DZ2002 on P. aeruginosa PAO1 biofilm formation by crystal violet staining (CV), real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The results indicated that although DZ2002 didn't affect the growth of planktonic PAO1, it could significantly inhibit the formation of mature biofilms. During the inhibition of biofilm formation by DZ2002, there was a parallel decrease in the synthesis of alginate and the expression level of alginate genes, along with a weakening of swarming motility. However, these results were unrelated to the expression of lasI, lasR, rhII, rhIR. Additionally, we also found that after treatment with DZ2002, the biofilms and extracellular DNA content of PAO1 were significantly reduced. Molecular docking results further confirmed that DZ2002 had a strong binding affinity with the active site of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (SahH) of PAO1. Discussion In summary, our results indicated that DZ2002 may interact with SahH in PAO1, inhibiting the formation of mature biofilms by downregulating alginate synthesis, extracellular DNA production and swarming motility. These findings demonstrate the potential value of DZ2002 in treating biofilm infections associated with P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaze Dai
- Medical Laboratory Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhan Jiang, Guang Dong, China
| | - Wenying Luo
- Medical Laboratory Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhan Jiang, Guang Dong, China
| | - Fei Hu
- Medical Laboratory Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhan Jiang, Guang Dong, China
| | - Si Li
- General Medicine, Clinical Medicine, Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, LianYun Gang, Jiang Su, China
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16
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Lv X, Yan K, Han X, Wang F, Ma Y, Zhang S, Wang X. Effective disinfecting of negative pressure pipelines of DCUs reduces the risk of cross infection in dental care. J Oral Microbiol 2024; 16:2299538. [PMID: 38193138 PMCID: PMC10773641 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2023.2299538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Microbial contamination of various accessory parts of the dental chair units (DCUs) is an essential source of cross infection, while the accessories of the crucial suction function are usually overlooked. In this study, we aim to find an effective disinfectant and a cost-effective method to remove bacterioplankton and bacterial biofilm deposited in the negative pressure suction pipelines to control cross infection during dental treatment. Methods Double-chain quaternary ammonium salt disinfectant (Orotol Plus®), 3% hydrogen peroxide solution plus multi-enzyme cleaning agent and chlorine disinfectant are used to clean and disinfect the negative pressure pipelines of DCUs. Microbiological examinations, air condition detection, corrosion tests and gene sequencing are performed. Results Little bacteria grow in the pipelines disinfected with double-chain quaternary ammonium salt disinfectants, destruction of biofilms in these pipelines appears, and multi-resistant bacteria cannot be detected. Minimal damage to metal sheets and fittings is caused by double-chain quaternary ammonium salt disinfectants. Conclusion Double-chain quaternary ammonium salt disinfectant has excellent bactericidal ability and anti-biofilm effect, and it is less corrosive to the fittings of the pipelines. Thus, the double-chain quaternary ammonium salt disinfectant is a potential novel disinfectant for negative pressure suction pipelines of DCUs to control cross infection during dental treatment. Clinical significance It is essential to add all these data to our dental practice to control cross infection with a broader landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuerong Lv
- Department of Periodontology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ke Yan
- Department of Periodontology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Han
- Department of Periodontology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feiyang Wang
- Department of Periodontology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuzhuo Ma
- Department of Periodontology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shougang Zhang
- Department of Disinfection and Vector Control, Nanjing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- Department of Periodontology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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17
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Alfei S. Shifting from Ammonium to Phosphonium Salts: A Promising Strategy to Develop Next-Generation Weapons against Biofilms. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:80. [PMID: 38258091 PMCID: PMC10819902 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Since they are difficult and sometimes impossible to treat, infections sustained by multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, emerging especially in nosocomial environments, are an increasing global public health concern, translating into high mortality and healthcare costs. In addition to having acquired intrinsic abilities to resist available antibiotic treatments, MDR bacteria can transmit genetic material encoding for resistance to non-mutated bacteria, thus strongly decreasing the number of available effective antibiotics. Moreover, several pathogens develop resistance by forming biofilms (BFs), a safe and antibiotic-resistant home for microorganisms. BFs are made of well-organized bacterial communities, encased and protected in a self-produced extracellular polymeric matrix, which impedes antibiotics' ability to reach bacteria, thus causing them to lose efficacy. By adhering to living or abiotic surfaces in healthcare settings, especially in intensive care units where immunocompromised older patients with several comorbidities are hospitalized BFs cause the onset of difficult-to-eradicate infections. In this context, recent studies have demonstrated that quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs), acting as membrane disruptors and initially with a low tendency to develop resistance, have demonstrated anti-BF potentialities. However, a paucity of innovation in this space has driven the emergence of QAC resistance. More recently, quaternary phosphonium salts (QPSs), including tri-phenyl alkyl phosphonium derivatives, achievable by easy one-step reactions and well known as intermediates of the Wittig reaction, have shown promising anti-BF effects in vitro. Here, after an overview of pathogen resistance, BFs, and QACs, we have reviewed the QPSs developed and assayed to this end, so far. Finally, the synthetic strategies used to prepare QPSs have also been provided and discussed to spur the synthesis of novel compounds of this class. We think that the extension of the knowledge about these materials by this review could be a successful approach to finding effective weapons for treating chronic infections and device-associated diseases sustained by BF-producing MDR bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Alfei
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano, 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
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18
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Savarese I, Yazami S, De Rose DU, Carkeek K, Campi F, Auriti C, Danhaive O, Piersigilli F. Use of 2% taurolidine lock solution for treatment and prevention of catheter-related bloodstream infections in neonates: a feasibility study. J Hosp Infect 2024; 143:76-81. [PMID: 37972710 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Taurolidine lock, a technique used to prevent or treat catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI), is effective in adult and paediatric patients but has been described rarely in neonates. The aim of this descriptive retrospective study, was to determine the feasibility and direct outcomes of prophylactic and therapeutic taurolidine locks in term and preterm neonates. METHODS We implemented the use of therapeutic taurolidine lock in addition to antibiotic treatment with the aim of catheter salvage in critical neonates with difficult vascular access (group 1). In addition, we introduced taurolidine lock as a preventive measure in neonates with a central venous catheter (CVC) at high risk of developing CRBSI (group 2). Every 24 h (in the treatment group) a 2% taurolidine solution was injected and the catheter locked for at least 120 min, until infection clearance (group 1). In the preventive group, the catheter was locked for 30 min every 48 h until CVC removal (group 2). FINDINGS Thirty-seven neonates who received taurolidine were included in this study. We did not observe any major adverse events. In group 1 (21 cases), clinical symptom disappearance and bacteraemia clearance were achieved without catheter removal in 18 cases (85.7%); in the other three neonates the catheter was removed shortly after the start of the locks as it was possible to replace the CVC. In group 2 (16 neonates), no CRBSI was observed during the duration of the catheter placement. CONCLUSIONS In this retrospective study, taurolidine was successfully used in neonates both for prevention and treatment of CRBSI, without major undesired effects. A larger cohort and a randomized clinical trial is warranted in order to establish its efficacy and safety in neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Savarese
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - S Yazami
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - D U De Rose
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - K Carkeek
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - F Campi
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - C Auriti
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - O Danhaive
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - F Piersigilli
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium.
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19
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Morris SD, Kumar VA, Biswas R, Mohan CG. Identification of a Staphylococcus aureus amidase catalytic domain inhibitor to prevent biofilm formation by sequential virtual screening, molecular dynamics simulation and biological evaluation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127842. [PMID: 37924909 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the common causes of implant associated biofilm infections and their biofilms are resistant to antibiotics. S. aureus amidase (AM) protein, a cell wall hydrolase that cleaves the amide bond between N-acetylmuramic acid and L-alanine residue of the stem peptide, is several fold over-expressed under biofilm conditions. Previous studies demonstrated an autolysin mutant in S. aureus that lacks the AM protein, is highly impaired in biofilm development. We carried out a structure-based small molecule design using the crystal structure of AM protein catalytic domain to identify inhibitors that can block amidase activity and therefore inhibits S. aureus biofilm formation. Sequential virtual screening followed by pharmacokinetic analysis and bioassay studies filtered 25 small molecules from different databases. Two compounds from the SPECS database, SPECS-1 and SPECS-2, were selected based on the best docking score and minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration towards S. aureus biofilms. SPECS-1 and SPECS-2 were further tested for their structural/energetic stability in complex with the AM protein using molecular dynamics simulation and MM-GBSA techniques. In vitro, biofilm inhibition studies on different surfaces confirmed that treatment with SPECS-1 and SPECS-2 at a concentration of 250 μg/ml exhibited significant prevention and disruption of S. aureus biofilms. Finally, the in vitro anti-biofilm activities of these two compounds were validated against Methicillin-resistant S. aureus clinical isolates. We concluded that the discovered compounds SPECS-1 and SPECS-2 are safe and exhibit biofilm preventive and disruption activity for inhibiting the S. aureus biofilms and hence can be used to treat implant-associated biofilm infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon D Morris
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Lab, Amrita School of Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, India
| | - V Anil Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682 041, Kerala State, India
| | - Raja Biswas
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Lab, Amrita School of Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, India.
| | - C Gopi Mohan
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Lab, Amrita School of Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, India.
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20
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Ghosh C, Das MC, Acharjee S, Bhattacharjee S, Sandhu P, Kumari M, Bhowmik J, Ghosh R, Banerjee B, De UC, Akhter Y, Bhattacharjee S. Combating Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation: the inhibitory potential of tormentic acid and 23-hydroxycorosolic acid. Arch Microbiol 2023; 206:25. [PMID: 38108905 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03762-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Plant extracts have been used to treat microbiological diseases for centuries. This study examined plant triterpenoids tormentic acid (TA) and 23-hydroxycorosolic acid (HCA) for their antibiofilm effects on Staphylococcus aureus strains (MTCC-96 and MTCC-7405). Biofilms are bacterial colonies bound by a matrix of polysaccharides, proteins, and DNA, primarily impacting healthcare. As a result, ongoing research is being conducted worldwide to control and prevent biofilm formation. Our research showed that TA and HCA inhibit S. aureus planktonic growth by depolarizing the bacterial membrane. In addition, zone of inhibition studies confirmed their effectiveness, and crystal violet staining and biofilm protein quantification confirmed their ability to prevent biofilm formation. TA and HCA exhibited substantial reductions in biofilm formation for S. aureus (MTCC-96) by 54.85% and 48.6% and for S. aureus (MTCC-7405) by 47.07% and 56.01%, respectively. Exopolysaccharide levels in S. aureus biofilm reduced significantly by TA (25 μg/mL) and HCA (20 μg/mL). Microscopy, bacterial motility, and protease quantification studies revealed their ability to reduce motility and pathogenicity. Furthermore, TA and HCA treatment reduced the mRNA expression of S. aureus virulence genes. In silico analysis depicted a high binding affinity of triterpenoids for biofilm and quorum-sensing associated proteins in S. aureus, with TA having the strongest affinity for TarO (- 7.8 kcal/mol) and HCA for AgrA (- 7.6 kcal/mol). TA and HCA treatment reduced bacterial load in S. aureus-infected peritoneal macrophages and RAW264.7 cells. Our research indicates that TA and HCA can effectively combat S. aureus by inhibiting its growth and suppressing biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmoy Ghosh
- Department of Molecular Biology & Bioinformatics, Tripura University (A Central University), Suryamaninagar, Tripura, 799022, India
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Manash C Das
- Department of Molecular Biology & Bioinformatics, Tripura University (A Central University), Suryamaninagar, Tripura, 799022, India
| | - Shukdeb Acharjee
- Department of Molecular Biology & Bioinformatics, Tripura University (A Central University), Suryamaninagar, Tripura, 799022, India
| | - Samadrita Bhattacharjee
- Department of Molecular Biology & Bioinformatics, Tripura University (A Central University), Suryamaninagar, Tripura, 799022, India
| | - Padmani Sandhu
- Centre for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Shahpur, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, 176206, India
| | - Monika Kumari
- Centre for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Shahpur, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, 176206, India
| | - Joyanta Bhowmik
- Department of Chemistry, Tripura University (A Central University), Suryamaninagar, Tripura, 799022, India
| | - Ranjit Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Tripura University (A Central University), Suryamaninagar, Tripura, 799022, India
| | | | - Utpal Chandra De
- Department of Chemistry, Tripura University (A Central University), Suryamaninagar, Tripura, 799022, India
| | - Yusuf Akhter
- Department of Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Surajit Bhattacharjee
- Department of Molecular Biology & Bioinformatics, Tripura University (A Central University), Suryamaninagar, Tripura, 799022, India.
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21
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Guo Z, Liu M, Zhang D. Potential of phage depolymerase for the treatment of bacterial biofilms. Virulence 2023; 14:2273567. [PMID: 37872768 PMCID: PMC10621286 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2023.2273567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance of bacteria to antibiotics is a major concern in medicine and veterinary science. The bacterial biofilm structures not only prevent the penetration of drugs into cells within the biofilm's interior but also aid in evasion of the host immune system. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop novel therapeutic approaches against bacterial biofilms. One potential strategy to counter biofilms is to use phage depolymerases that degrade the matrix structure of the bacteria and enable access to bacterial cells. This review mainly discusses the methods by which phage depolymerases enhance the efficacy of the human immune system and the therapeutic applications of some phage depolymerases, such as single phage depolymerase application, combined therapy with phage depolymerase and antibiotics, and phage depolymerase cocktails, for treating bacterial biofilms. This review also summarizes the relationship between bacterial biofilms and antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mengmeng Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Hepatological Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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22
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Chen K, Zhu Y, Su H, Jiang H, Liu X. Modified Zhibai Dihuang pill alleviated urinary tract infection induced by extended-spectrum β-lactamase Escherichia coli in rats by regulating biofilm formation. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2023; 61:674-682. [PMID: 37096639 PMCID: PMC10132235 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2023.2199786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Zhibai Dihuang pill (ZD), a traditional Chinese medicine nourishes Yin and reduces internal heat, is believed to have therapeutic effects on urinary tract infections (UTIs). OBJECTIVE To explore the effects and mechanism of modified ZD (MZD) on UTI induced by extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBLs) Escherichia coli. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control, model (0.5 mL 1.5 × 108 CFU/mL ESBLs E. coli), MZD (20 g/kg MZD), LVFX (0.025 g/kg LVFX), and MZD + LVFX groups (20 g/kg MZD + 0.025 g/kg LVFX), n = 6. After 14 days of treatment, serum biochemical indicators, renal function indicators, bladder and renal histopathology, and urine bacterial counts in rats were determined. Additionally, the effects of MZD on ESBLs E. coli biofilm formation and related gene expression were analyzed. RESULTS MZD significantly decreased the count of white blood cells (from 13.12 to 9.13), the proportion of neutrophils (from 43.53 to 23.18), C-reactive protein (from 13.21 to 9.71), serum creatinine (from 35.78 to 30.15), and urea nitrogen (from 12.56 to 10.15), relieved the inflammation and fibrosis of bladder and kidney tissues, and reduced the number of bacteria in urine (from 2174 to 559). In addition, MZD inhibited the formation of ESBLs E. coli biofilms (2.04-fold) and decreased the gene expressions of luxS, pfS and ompA (1.41-1.62-fold). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION MZD treated ESBLs E. coli-induced UTI inhibited biofilm formation, providing a theoretical basis for the clinical application of MZD. Further study on the clinical effect of MZD may provide a novel therapy option for UTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaifa Chen
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yongsheng Zhu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Su
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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23
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Guo W, Xu Y, Yang Y, Xiang J, Chen J, Luo D, Xie Q. Antibiofilm Effects of Oleuropein against Staphylococcus aureus: An In Vitro Study. Foods 2023; 12:4301. [PMID: 38231779 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus has posed a huge threat to human health and the economy. Oleuropein has antibacterial activities against various microorganisms but research on its effect on the S. aureus biofilm is limited. This research aimed to estimate the antibiofilm activities of oleuropein against S. aureus. The results suggest that the minimum inhibitory concentration of oleuropein against S. aureus ATCC 25923 was 3 mg/mL. The biomass of biofilms formed on the microplates and coverslips and the viability of bacteria were significantly reduced after the treatment with oleuropein. The scanning electron microscopy observation results indicated that the stacking thickness and density of the biofilm decreased when S. aureus was exposed to oleuropein. It had a bactericidal effect on biofilm bacteria and removed polysaccharides and proteins from mature biofilms. The effects of oleuropein on the biofilm could be explained by a reduction in bacterial secretion of extracellular polymeric substances and a change in bacterial surface hydrophobicity. Based on the above findings, oleuropein has the potential to be used against food pollution caused by S. aureus biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Guo
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Yunfeng Xu
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Yangyang Yang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Jinle Xiang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Junliang Chen
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Denglin Luo
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Qinggang Xie
- Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Ltd., Beijing 100015, China
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Basnet A, Tamang B, Shrestha MR, Shrestha LB, Rai JR, Maharjan R, Dahal S, Shrestha P, Rai SK. Assessment of four in vitro phenotypic biofilm detection methods in relation to antimicrobial resistance in aerobic clinical bacterial isolates. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294646. [PMID: 37992081 PMCID: PMC10664881 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The lack of standardized methods for detecting biofilms continues to pose a challenge to microbiological diagnostics since biofilm-mediated infections induce persistent and recurrent infections in humans that often defy treatment with common antibiotics. This study aimed to evaluate diagnostic parameters of four in vitro phenotypic biofilm detection assays in relation to antimicrobial resistance in aerobic clinical bacterial isolates. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, bacterial strains from clinical samples were isolated and identified following the standard microbiological guidelines. The antibiotic resistance profile was assessed through the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Biofilm formation was detected by gold standard tissue culture plate method (TCPM), tube method (TM), Congo red agar (CRA), and modified Congo red agar (MCRA). Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 17.0, with a significant association considered at p<0.05. RESULT Among the total isolates (n = 226), TCPM detected 140 (61.95%) biofilm producers, with CoNS (9/9) (p<0.001) as the predominant biofilm former. When compared to TCPM, TM (n = 119) (p<0.001) showed 90.8% sensitivity and 70.1% specificity, CRA (n = 88) (p = 0.123) showed 68.2% sensitivity and 42% specificity, and MCRA (n = 86) (p = 0.442) showed 65.1% sensitivity and 40% specificity. Juxtaposed to CRA, colonies formed on MCRA developed more intense black pigmentation from 24 to 96 hours. There were 77 multi-drug-resistant (MDR)-biofilm formers and 39 extensively drug-resistant (XDR)-biofilm formers, with 100% resistance to ampicillin and ceftazidime, respectively. CONCLUSION It is suggested that TM be used for biofilm detection, after TCPM. Unlike MCRA, black pigmentation in colonies formed on CRA declined with time. MDR- and XDR-biofilm formers were frequent among the clinical isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaya Basnet
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Shi-Gan International College of Science and Technology, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Department of Microbiology, Nepal Armed Police Force Hospital, Balambu, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Basanta Tamang
- Department of Microbiology, Nepal Armed Police Force Hospital, Balambu, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Mahendra Raj Shrestha
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nepal Armed Police Force Hospital, Balambu, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Lok Bahadur Shrestha
- School of Medical Sciences and The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Junu Richhinbung Rai
- Department of Microbiology, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Rajendra Maharjan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nepal Armed Police Force Hospital, Balambu, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Sushila Dahal
- Department of Microbiology, KIST Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Balambu, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Pradip Shrestha
- Department of Microbiology, KIST Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Balambu, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Shiba Kumar Rai
- Department of Research and Microbiology, Nepal Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Attarkhel, Kathmandu, Nepal
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25
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Mendhe S, Badge A, Ugemuge S, Chandi D. Impact of Biofilms on Chronic Infections and Medical Challenges. Cureus 2023; 15:e48204. [PMID: 38050493 PMCID: PMC10693677 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms which are intricate colonies of bacteria encapsulated in a self-produced matrix are becoming more widely recognized for their importance in persistent infections. Biofilm-related infections provide distinct diagnostic and therapy issues needing novel approaches. Biofilms are common in clinical settings and contribute to the persistence of diseases related to medical devices, dental health, respiratory disorders, and chronic infection. Overcoming these problems requires a thorough understanding of the elements that influence biofilm development and their complex interactions within the microbial community. Emerging diagnostic techniques and therapy approaches that target biofilm-related disorders at different levels give hope for improved patient outcomes. This review looks at how biofilm formation affects chronic infections in a variety of ways, including increased drug resistance, immune system evasion, and delayed diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Mendhe
- Microbiology, Datta Meghe Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Nagpur, IND
| | - Ankit Badge
- Microbiology, Datta Meghe Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Nagpur, IND
| | - Sarita Ugemuge
- Microbiology, Datta Meghe Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Nagpur, IND
| | - Dhurba Chandi
- Microbiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Wardha, IND
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26
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Chauhan R, Tall BD, Gopinath G, Azmi W, Goel G. Environmental risk factors associated with the survival, persistence, and thermal tolerance of Cronobacter sakazakii during the manufacture of powdered infant formula. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:12224-12239. [PMID: 35838158 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2099809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Cronobacter sakazakii is an opportunistic foodborne pathogen of concern for foods having low water activity such as powdered infant formula (PIF). Its survival under desiccated stress can be attributed to its ability to adapt effectively to many different environmental stresses. Due to the high risk to neonates and its sporadic outbreaks in PIF, C. sakazakii received great attention among the scientific community, food industry and health care providers. There are many extrinsic and intrinsic factors that affect C. sakazakii survival in low-moisture foods. Moreover, short- or long-term pre-exposure to sub-lethal physiological stresses which are commonly encountered in food processing environments are reported to affect the thermal resistance of C. sakazakii. Additionally, acclimation to these stresses may render C. sakazakii resistance to antibiotics and other antimicrobial agents. This article reviews the factors and the strategies responsible for the survival and persistence of C. sakazakii in PIF. Particularly, studies focused on the influence of various factors on thermal resistance, antibiotic or antimicrobial resistance, virulence potential and stress-associated gene expression are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajni Chauhan
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, India
| | | | - Gopal Gopinath
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U. S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Wamik Azmi
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, India
| | - Gunjan Goel
- Department of Microbiology, School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahindra, India
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27
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Bonincontro G, Scuderi SA, Marino A, Simonetti G. Synergistic Effect of Plant Compounds in Combination with Conventional Antimicrobials against Biofilm of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida spp. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1531. [PMID: 38004397 PMCID: PMC10675371 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial and fungal biofilm has increased antibiotic resistance and plays an essential role in many persistent diseases. Biofilm-associated chronic infections are difficult to treat and reduce the efficacy of medical devices. This global problem has prompted extensive research to find alternative strategies to fight microbial chronic infections. Plant bioactive metabolites with antibiofilm activity are known to be potential resources to alleviate this problem. The phytochemical screening of some medicinal plants showed different active groups, such as stilbenes, tannins, alkaloids, terpenes, polyphenolics, flavonoids, lignans, quinones, and coumarins. Synergistic effects can be observed in the interaction between plant compounds and conventional drugs. This review analyses and summarises the current knowledge on the synergistic effects of plant metabolites in combination with conventional antimicrobials against biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans. The synergism of conventional antimicrobials with plant compounds can modify and inhibit the mechanisms of acquired resistance, reduce undesirable effects, and obtain an appropriate therapeutic effect at lower doses. A deeper knowledge of these combinations and of their possible antibiofilm targets is needed to develop next-generation novel antimicrobials and/or improve current antimicrobials to fight drug-resistant infections attributed to biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziana Bonincontro
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Roma, Italy;
| | - Sarah Adriana Scuderi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres, 98100 Messina, Italy;
| | - Andreana Marino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres, 98100 Messina, Italy;
| | - Giovanna Simonetti
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Roma, Italy;
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Calderon Toledo C, von Mentzer A, Agramont J, Thorell K, Zhou Y, Szabó M, Colque P, Kuhn I, Gutiérrez-Cortez S, Joffré E. Circulation of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) isolates expressing CS23 from the environment to clinical settings. mSystems 2023; 8:e0014123. [PMID: 37681982 PMCID: PMC10654058 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00141-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The importance of clean water cannot be overstated. It is a vital resource for maintaining health and well-being. Unfortunately, water sources contaminated with fecal discharges from animal and human origin due to a lack of wastewater management pose a significant risk to communities, as they can become a means of transmission of pathogenic bacteria like enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC). ETEC is frequently found in polluted water in countries with a high prevalence of diarrheal diseases, such as Bolivia. This study provides novel insights into the circulation of ETEC between diarrheal cases and polluted water sources in areas with high rates of diarrheal disease. These findings highlight the Choqueyapu River as a potential reservoir for emerging pathogens carrying antibiotic-resistance genes, making it a crucial area for monitoring and intervention. Furthermore, the results demonstrate the feasibility of a low-cost, high-throughput method for tracking bacterial pathogens in low- and middle-income countries, making it a valuable tool for One Health monitoring efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Calderon Toledo
- Unidad de Microbiología Ambiental, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología (IBMB), Carrera de Biología, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Astrid von Mentzer
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jorge Agramont
- Unidad de Microbiología Ambiental, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología (IBMB), Carrera de Biología, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Kaisa Thorell
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology (CMB), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yingshun Zhou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, The public platform of the Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Miklós Szabó
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patricia Colque
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Inger Kuhn
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sergio Gutiérrez-Cortez
- Unidad de Microbiología Ambiental, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología (IBMB), Carrera de Biología, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Enrique Joffré
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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29
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Sultan M, Arya R, Chaurasia AK, Kim KK. Sensor histidine kinases kdpD and aauS regulate biofilm and virulence in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1270667. [PMID: 37881370 PMCID: PMC10595159 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1270667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a multidrug-resistant opportunistic human pathogen that utilizes two-component systems (TCSs) to sense pathophysiological signals and coordinate virulence. P. aeruginosa contains 64 sensor histidine kinases (HKs) and 72 response regulators (RRs) that play important roles in metabolism, bacterial physiology, and virulence. However, the role of some TCSs in virulence remains uncharacterized. In this study, we evaluated the virulence potential of some uncharacterized sensor HK and RR knockouts in P. aeruginosa using a Galleria mellonella infection model. Furthermore, we demonstrated that KdpD and AauS HKs regulate virulence by affecting P. aeruginosa biofilm formation and motility. Both ΔkdpD and ΔaauS showed reduced biofilm and motility which were confirmed by restored phenotypes upon complementation. Moreover, ΔkdpD and ΔaauS exhibited increased survival of HeLa cells and G. mellonella during in vivo infection. Altered expression of the transcriptional regulators anR and lasR, along with the virulence genes lasA, pelA, cupA, pqsA, pqsB, pqsC, and pqsD in the mutant strains elucidated the mechanism by which ΔkdpD and ΔaauS affect virulence. These findings confirm that kdpD and aauS play important roles in P. aeruginosa pathogenesis by regulating biofilm formation and motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sultan
- Department of Precision Medicine, Graduate School of Basic Medical Science, Institute for Antimicrobial Resistance Research and Therapeutics, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Rekha Arya
- Department of Precision Medicine, Graduate School of Basic Medical Science, Institute for Antimicrobial Resistance Research and Therapeutics, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Akhilesh Kumar Chaurasia
- Department of Precision Medicine, Graduate School of Basic Medical Science, Institute for Antimicrobial Resistance Research and Therapeutics, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Kyu Kim
- Department of Precision Medicine, Graduate School of Basic Medical Science, Institute for Antimicrobial Resistance Research and Therapeutics, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Liu T, Zhai Y, Jeong KC. Advancing understanding of microbial biofilms through machine learning-powered studies. Food Sci Biotechnol 2023; 32:1653-1664. [PMID: 37780593 PMCID: PMC10533454 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01415-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial biofilms are prevalent in various environments and pose significant challenges to food safety and public health. The biofilms formed by pathogens can cause food spoilage, foodborne illness, and infectious diseases, which are difficult to treat due to their enhanced antimicrobial resistance. While the composition and development of biofilms have been widely studied, their profound impact on food, the food industry, and public health has not been sufficiently recapitulated. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of microbial biofilms in the food industry and their implication on public health. It highlights the existence of biofilms along the food-producing chains and the underlying mechanisms of biofilm-associated diseases. Furthermore, this review thoroughly summarizes the enhanced understanding of microbial biofilms achieved through machine learning approaches in biofilm research. By consolidating existing knowledge, this review intends to facilitate developing effective strategies to combat biofilm-associated infections in both the food industry and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, 2055 Mowry Rd, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, 2250 Shealy Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA
| | - Yuting Zhai
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, 2055 Mowry Rd, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, 2250 Shealy Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA
| | - Kwangcheol Casey Jeong
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, 2055 Mowry Rd, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, 2250 Shealy Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA
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Kim U, Lee SY, Oh SW. A review of mechanism analysis methods in multi-species biofilm of foodborne pathogens. Food Sci Biotechnol 2023; 32:1665-1677. [PMID: 37780597 PMCID: PMC10533759 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01317-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are an aggregation of microorganisms that have high resistance to antimicrobial agents. In the food industry, it has been widely studied that foodborne pathogens on both food surfaces and food-contact surfaces can form biofilms thereby threatening the safety of the food. In the natural environment, multi-species biofilms formed by more than two different microorganisms are abundant. In addition, the resistance of multi-species biofilms to antimicrobial agents is higher than that of mono-species biofilms. Therefore, studies to elucidate the mechanisms of multi-species biofilms formed by foodborne pathogens are still required in the food industry. In this review paper, we summarized the novel analytical methods studied to evaluate the mechanisms of multi-species biofilms formed by foodborne pathogens by dividing them into four categories: spatial distribution, bacterial interaction, extracellular polymeric substance production and quorum sensing analytical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unji Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02727 Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02727 Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Wook Oh
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02727 Republic of Korea
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32
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Roy S, Halder M, Ramprasad P, Dasgupta S, Singh Y, Pal D. Oxidized pullulan exhibits potent antibacterial activity against S. aureus by disrupting its membrane integrity. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 249:126049. [PMID: 37517748 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
The capability of bacteria to withstand the misuse of antibiotics leads to the generation of multi-drug resistant strains, posing a new challenge to curb wound infections. The biological macromolecules, due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and antimicrobial properties, have been explored for a variety of antimicrobial and therapeutic purposes. This work reports that a single-step oxidation of pullulan polymer leads to the formation of oxidized pullulan (o-pullulan), which shows striking antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against the Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, implicated in wound-related infections. Oxidation of pullulan generates 28 % aldehyde groups (3.462 mmol/g) which exerted 97 % bactericidal activity against S. aureus by targeting cell wall-associated membrane protein SpA (Staphylococcal protein A). The molecular docking, gene silencing, and fluorescence quenching studies revealed a direct binding of o-pullulan with the B and C domains of SpA, which alters the membrane potential and inhibits Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase pumps. O-pullulan also exhibited scavenging activity against intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and non-immunotoxic activity and was found to be non-toxic to mammalian cells. Thus, o-pullulan shows great promise as an antimicrobial polymer against S. aureus for chronic wound management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyajit Roy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar 140001, Punjab, India
| | - Moumita Halder
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar 140001, Punjab, India
| | - Palla Ramprasad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar 140001, Punjab, India
| | - Suman Dasgupta
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Napaam, Sonitpur 784028, Assam, India
| | - Yashveer Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar 140001, Punjab, India; Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar 140001, Punjab, India.
| | - Durba Pal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar 140001, Punjab, India.
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Richter-Dahlfors A, Kärkkäinen E, Choong FX. Fluorescent optotracers for bacterial and biofilm detection and diagnostics. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2023; 24:2246867. [PMID: 37680974 PMCID: PMC10481766 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2023.2246867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Effective treatment of bacterial infections requires methods that accurately and quickly identify which antibiotic should be prescribed. This review describes recent research on the development of optotracing methodologies for bacterial and biofilm detection and diagnostics. Optotracers are small, chemically well-defined, anionic fluorescent tracer molecules that detect peptide- and carbohydrate-based biopolymers. This class of organic molecules (luminescent conjugated oligothiophenes) show unique electronic, electrochemical and optical properties originating from the conjugated structure of the compounds. The photophysical properties are further improved as donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D)-type motifs are incorporated in the conjugated backbone. Optotracers bind their biopolymeric target molecules via electrostatic interactions. Binding alters the optical properties of these tracer molecules, shown as altered absorption and emission spectra, as well as ON-like switch of fluorescence. As the optotracer provides a defined spectral signature for each binding partner, a fingerprint is generated that can be used for identification of the target biopolymer. Alongside their use for in situ experimentation, optotracers have demonstrated excellent use in studies of a number of clinically relevant microbial pathogens. These methods will find widespread use across a variety of communities engaged in reducing the effect of antibiotic resistance. This includes basic researchers studying molecular resistance mechanisms, academia and pharma developing new antimicrobials targeting biofilm infections and tests to diagnose biofilm infections, as well as those developing antibiotic susceptibility tests for biofilm infections (biofilm-AST). By iterating between the microbial world and that of plants, development of the optotracing technology has become a prime example of successful cross-feeding across the boundaries of disciplines. As optotracers offers a capacity to redefine the way we work with polysaccharides in the microbial world as well as with plant biomass, the technology is providing novel outputs desperately needed for global impact of the threat of antimicrobial resistance as well as our strive for a circular bioeconomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agneta Richter-Dahlfors
- AIMES – Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences at Karolinska Institutet and KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, School of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elina Kärkkäinen
- AIMES – Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences at Karolinska Institutet and KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ferdinand X. Choong
- AIMES – Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences at Karolinska Institutet and KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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van Alin A, Corbett MK, Fathollahzadeh H, Tjiam MC, Rickard WDA, Sun X, Putnis A, Eksteen J, Kaksonen AH, Watkin E. Biofilm formation on the surface of monazite and xenotime during bioleaching. Microb Biotechnol 2023; 16:1790-1802. [PMID: 37291762 PMCID: PMC10443343 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial attachment and biofilm formation is a ubiquitous behaviour of microorganisms and is the most crucial prerequisite of contact bioleaching. Monazite and xenotime are two commercially exploitable minerals containing rare earth elements (REEs). Bioleaching using phosphate solubilizing microorganisms is a green biotechnological approach for the extraction of REEs. In this study, microbial attachment and biofilm formation of Klebsiella aerogenes ATCC 13048 on the surface of these minerals were investigated using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In a batch culture system, K. aerogenes was able to attach and form biofilms on the surface of three phosphate minerals. The microscopy records showed three distinctive stages of biofilm development for K. aerogenes commencing with initial attachment to the surface occurring in the first minutes of microbial inoculation. This was followed by colonization of the surface and formation of a mature biofilm as the second distinguishable stage, with progression to dispersion as the final stage. The biofilm had a thin-layer structure. The colonization and biofilm formation were localized toward physical surface imperfections such as cracks, pits, grooves and dents. In comparison to monazite and xenotime crystals, a higher proportion of the surface of the high-grade monazite ore was covered by biofilm which could be due to its higher surface roughness. No selective attachment or colonization toward specific mineralogy or chemical composition of the minerals was detected. Finally, in contrast to abiotic leaching of control samples, microbial activity resulted in extensive microbial erosion on the high-grade monazite ore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arya van Alin
- Curtin Medical SchoolCurtin UniversityBentleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
- The Institute for Geoscience Research, School of Earth and Planetary SciencesCurtin UniversityBentleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Melissa K. Corbett
- Curtin Medical SchoolCurtin UniversityBentleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
- The Institute for Geoscience Research, School of Earth and Planetary SciencesCurtin UniversityBentleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Homayoun Fathollahzadeh
- Curtin Medical SchoolCurtin UniversityBentleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
- The Institute for Geoscience Research, School of Earth and Planetary SciencesCurtin UniversityBentleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - M. Christian Tjiam
- Curtin Medical SchoolCurtin UniversityBentleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious DiseasesTelethon Kids InstituteNedlandsWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Centre for Child Health ResearchThe University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | | | - Xiao Sun
- John de Laeter CentreCurtin UniversityBentleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Andrew Putnis
- The Institute for Geoscience Research, School of Earth and Planetary SciencesCurtin UniversityBentleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Institut für MineralogieUniversity of MünsterMünsterGermany
| | - Jacques Eksteen
- WA School of Mines, Minerals, Energy and Chemical EngineeringCurtin UniversityBentleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Anna H. Kaksonen
- WA School of Mines, Minerals, Energy and Chemical EngineeringCurtin UniversityBentleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
- CSIRO EnvironmentPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Elizabeth Watkin
- Curtin Medical SchoolCurtin UniversityBentleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
- The Institute for Geoscience Research, School of Earth and Planetary SciencesCurtin UniversityBentleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
- School of ScienceEdith Cowan UniversityJoondalupWestern AustraliaAustralia
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Mukherjee S, Bhattacharjee S, Paul S, Nath S, Paul S. Biofilm-a Syntrophic Consortia of Microbial Cells: Boon or Bane? Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:5583-5604. [PMID: 35829902 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04075-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Biofilm is the conglomeration of microbial cells which is associated with a surface. In the recent times, the study of biofilm has gained popularity and vivid research is being done to know about the effects of biofilm and that it consists of many organisms which are symbiotic in nature, some of which are human pathogens. Here, in this study, we have discussed about biofilms, its formation, relevance of its presence in the biosphere, and the possible remediations to cope up with its negative effects. Since removal of biofilm is difficult, emphasis has been made to suggest ways to prevent biofilm formation and also to devise ways to utilize biofilm in an economically and environment-friendly method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Mukherjee
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Engineering and Management, University Area, Plot No. III - B/5, New Town, Action Area - III, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700160, India
| | - Shreya Bhattacharjee
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Engineering and Management, University Area, Plot No. III - B/5, New Town, Action Area - III, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700160, India
| | - Sharanya Paul
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Engineering and Management, University Area, Plot No. III - B/5, New Town, Action Area - III, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700160, India
| | - Somava Nath
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Engineering and Management, University Area, Plot No. III - B/5, New Town, Action Area - III, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700160, India
| | - Sonali Paul
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Engineering and Management, University Area, Plot No. III - B/5, New Town, Action Area - III, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700160, India.
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36
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Vo N, Sidner BS, Yu Y, Piepenbrink KH. Type IV Pilus-Mediated Inhibition of Acinetobacter baumannii Biofilm Formation by Phenothiazine Compounds. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0102323. [PMID: 37341603 PMCID: PMC10433872 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01023-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections by pathogenic Acinetobacter species represent a significant burden on the health care system, despite their relative rarity, due to the difficulty of treating infections through oral antibiotics. Multidrug resistance is commonly observed in clinical Acinetobacter infections and multiple molecular mechanisms have been identified for this resistance, including multidrug efflux pumps, carbapenemase enzymes, and the formation of bacterial biofilm in persistent infections. Phenothiazine compounds have been identified as a potential inhibitor of type IV pilus production in multiple Gram-negative bacterial species. Here, we report the ability of two phenothiazines to inhibit type IV pilus-dependent surface (twitching) motility and biofilm formation in multiple Acinetobacter species. Biofilm formation was inhibited in both static and continuous flow models at micromolar concentrations without significant cytotoxicity, suggesting that type IV pilus biogenesis was the primary molecular target for these compounds. These results suggest that phenothiazines may be useful lead compounds for the development of biofilm dispersal agents against Gram-negative bacterial infections. IMPORTANCE Acinetobacter infections are a growing burden on health care systems worldwide due to increasing antimicrobial resistance through multiple mechanisms. Biofilm formation is an established mechanism of antimicrobial resistance, and its inhibition has the potential to potentiate the use of existing drugs against pathogenic Acinetobacter. Additionally, as discussed in the manuscript, anti-biofilm activity by phenothiazines has the potential to help to explain their known activity against other bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Vo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Benjamin S. Sidner
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Yafan Yu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Kurt H. Piepenbrink
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
- Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
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37
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Wilbanks KQ, Mokrzan EM, Kesler TM, Kurbatfinski N, Goodman SD, Bakaletz LO. Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae released from biofilm residence by monoclonal antibody directed against a biofilm matrix component display a vulnerable phenotype. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12959. [PMID: 37563215 PMCID: PMC10415356 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40284-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms contribute significantly to pathogenesis, recurrence and/or chronicity of the majority of bacterial diseases due to their notable recalcitrance to clearance. Herein, we examined kinetics of the enhanced sensitivity of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) newly released (NRel) from biofilm residence by a monoclonal antibody against a bacterial DNABII protein (α-DNABII) to preferential killing by a β-lactam antibiotic. This phenotype was detected within 5 min and lasted for ~ 6 h. Relative expression of genes selected due to their known involvement in sensitivity to a β-lactam showed transient up-regulated expression of penicillin binding proteins by α-DNABII NTHI NRel, whereas there was limited expression of the β-lactamase precursor. Transient down-regulated expression of mediators of oxidative stress supported similarly timed vulnerability to NADPH-oxidase sensitive intracellular killing by activated human PMNs. Further, transient up-regulated expression of the major NTHI porin aligned well with observed increased membrane permeability of α-DNABII NTHI NRel, a characteristic also shown by NRel of three additional pathogens. These data provide mechanistic insights as to the transient, yet highly vulnerable, α-DNABII NRel phenotype. This heightened understanding supports continued validation of this novel therapeutic approach designed to leverage knowledge of the α-DNABII NRel phenotype for more effective eradication of recalcitrant biofilm-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Q Wilbanks
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA
| | - Elaine M Mokrzan
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA
| | - Theresa M Kesler
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA
| | - Nikola Kurbatfinski
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA
| | - Steven D Goodman
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA
| | - Lauren O Bakaletz
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA.
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Kauser A, Parisini E, Suarato G, Castagna R. Light-Based Anti-Biofilm and Antibacterial Strategies. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2106. [PMID: 37631320 PMCID: PMC10457815 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance pose significant challenges not only in clinical settings (i.e., implant-associated infections, endocarditis, and urinary tract infections) but also in industrial settings and in the environment, where the spreading of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is on the rise. Indeed, developing effective strategies to prevent biofilm formation and treat infections will be one of the major global challenges in the next few years. As traditional pharmacological treatments are becoming inadequate to curb this problem, a constant commitment to the exploration of novel therapeutic strategies is necessary. Light-triggered therapies have emerged as promising alternatives to traditional approaches due to their non-invasive nature, precise spatial and temporal control, and potential multifunctional properties. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the different biofilm formation stages and the molecular mechanism of biofilm disruption, with a major focus on the quorum sensing machinery. Moreover, we highlight the principal guidelines for the development of light-responsive materials and photosensitive compounds. The synergistic effects of combining light-triggered therapies with conventional treatments are also discussed. Through elegant molecular and material design solutions, remarkable results have been achieved in the fight against biofilm formation and antibacterial resistance. However, further research and development in this field are essential to optimize therapeutic strategies and translate them into clinical and industrial applications, ultimately addressing the global challenges posed by biofilm and antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambreen Kauser
- Department of Biotechnology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (A.K.); (E.P.)
- Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Paula Valdena 3, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
| | - Emilio Parisini
- Department of Biotechnology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (A.K.); (E.P.)
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Suarato
- Istituto di Elettronica e di Ingegneria dell’Informazione e delle Telecomunicazioni, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, CNR-IEIIT, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Rossella Castagna
- Department of Biotechnology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (A.K.); (E.P.)
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Ameer S, Ibrahim H, Yaseen MU, Kulsoom F, Cinti S, Sher M. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy-Based Sensing of Biofilms: A Comprehensive Review. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:777. [PMID: 37622863 PMCID: PMC10452506 DOI: 10.3390/bios13080777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms are complex communities of microorganisms that can form on various surfaces, including medical devices, industrial equipment, and natural environments. The presence of biofilms can lead to a range of problems, including infections, reduced efficiency and failure of equipment, biofouling or spoilage, and environmental damage. As a result, there is a growing need for tools to measure and monitor levels of biofilms in various biomedical, pharmaceutical, and food processing settings. In recent years, electrochemical impedance sensing has emerged as a promising approach for real-time, non-destructive, and rapid monitoring of biofilms. This article sheds light on electrochemical sensing for measuring biofilms, including its high sensitivity, non-destructive nature, versatility, low cost, and real-time monitoring capabilities. We also discussed some electrochemical sensing applications for studying biofilms in medical, environmental, and industrial settings. This article also presents future perspectives for research that would lead to the creation of reliable, quick, easy-to-use biosensors mounted on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs), utilizing artificial intelligence-based terminologies to detect biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sikander Ameer
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Hussam Ibrahim
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Muhammad Usama Yaseen
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Fnu Kulsoom
- Department of Zoology, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology, Havelian 22500, Pakistan
| | - Stefano Cinti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
- BAT Center-Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Napoli “Federico II”, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Mazhar Sher
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
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Li P, Yin R, Cheng J, Lin J. Bacterial Biofilm Formation on Biomaterials and Approaches to Its Treatment and Prevention. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11680. [PMID: 37511440 PMCID: PMC10380251 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms can cause widespread infection. In addition to causing urinary tract infections and pulmonary infections in patients with cystic fibrosis, biofilms can help microorganisms adhere to the surfaces of various medical devices, causing biofilm-associated infections on the surfaces of biomaterials such as venous ducts, joint prostheses, mechanical heart valves, and catheters. Biofilms provide a protective barrier for bacteria and provide resistance to antimicrobial agents, which increases the morbidity and mortality of patients. This review summarizes biofilm formation processes and resistance mechanisms, as well as the main features of clinically persistent infections caused by biofilms. Considering the various infections caused by clinical medical devices, we introduce two main methods to prevent and treat biomaterial-related biofilm infection: antibacterial coatings and the surface modification of biomaterials. Antibacterial coatings depend on the covalent immobilization of antimicrobial agents on the coating surface and drug release to prevent and combat infection, while the surface modification of biomaterials affects the adhesion behavior of cells on the surfaces of implants and the subsequent biofilm formation process by altering the physical and chemical properties of the implant material surface. The advantages of each strategy in terms of their antibacterial effect, biocompatibility, limitations, and application prospects are analyzed, providing ideas and research directions for the development of novel biofilm infection strategies related to therapeutic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jinshui Lin
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Jujube, College of Life Sciences, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, China; (P.L.); (R.Y.); (J.C.)
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Gangwal A, Kumar N, Sangwan N, Dhasmana N, Dhawan U, Sajid A, Arora G, Singh Y. Giving a signal: how protein phosphorylation helps Bacillus navigate through different life stages. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2023; 47:fuad044. [PMID: 37533212 PMCID: PMC10465088 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuad044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is a universal mechanism regulating a wide range of cellular responses across all domains of life. The antagonistic activities of kinases and phosphatases can orchestrate the life cycle of an organism. The availability of bacterial genome sequences, particularly Bacillus species, followed by proteomics and functional studies have aided in the identification of putative protein kinases and protein phosphatases, and their downstream substrates. Several studies have established the role of phosphorylation in different physiological states of Bacillus species as they pass through various life stages such as sporulation, germination, and biofilm formation. The most common phosphorylation sites in Bacillus proteins are histidine, aspartate, tyrosine, serine, threonine, and arginine residues. Protein phosphorylation can alter protein activity, structural conformation, and protein-protein interactions, ultimately affecting the downstream pathways. In this review, we summarize the knowledge available in the field of Bacillus signaling, with a focus on the role of protein phosphorylation in its physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aakriti Gangwal
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Faculty of Science, Delhi- 110007, India
| | - Nishant Kumar
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Faculty of Science, Delhi- 110007, India
| | - Nitika Sangwan
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Faculty of Science, Delhi- 110007, India
- Department of Biomedical Science, Bhaskaracharya College of Applied Sciences, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110075, India
| | - Neha Dhasmana
- School of Medicine, New York University, 550 First Avenue New York-10016, New York, United States
| | - Uma Dhawan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Bhaskaracharya College of Applied Sciences, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110075, India
| | - Andaleeb Sajid
- 300 Cedar St, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, New Haven CT, United States
| | - Gunjan Arora
- 300 Cedar St, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, New Haven CT, United States
| | - Yogendra Singh
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Faculty of Science, Delhi- 110007, India
- Delhi School of Public Health, Institution of Eminence, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
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Cui L, Ma Z, Li W, Ma H, Guo S, Wang D, Niu Y. Inhibitory activity of flavonoids fraction from Astragalus membranaceus Fisch. ex Bunge stems and leaves on Bacillus cereus and its separation and purification. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1183393. [PMID: 37538180 PMCID: PMC10395332 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1183393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Astragalus membranaceus Fisch. ex Bunge is a traditional botanical drug with antibacterial, antioxidant, antiviral, and other biological activities. In the process of industrialization of A. membranaceus, most of the aboveground stems and leaves are discarded without resource utilization except for a small amount of low-value applications such as composting. This study explored the antibacterial activity of A. membranaceus stem and leaf extracts to evaluate its potential as a feed antibiotic substitute. Materials and methods: The antibacterial activity of the flavonoid, saponin, and polysaccharide fractions in A. membranaceus stems and leaves was evaluated by the disk diffusion method. The inhibitory activity of the flavonoid fraction from A. membranaceus stems and leaves on B. cereus was explored from the aspects of the growth curve, cell wall, cell membrane, biofilm, bacterial protein, and virulence factors. On this basis, the flavonoid fraction in A. membranaceus stems and leaves were isolated and purified by column chromatography to determine the main antibacterial components. Results: The flavonoid fraction in A. membranaceus stems and leaves had significant inhibitory activity against B. cereus, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were 1.5625 and 6.25 mg/mL, respectively. A. membranaceus stem and leaf flavonoid fraction can induce death of B. cereus in many ways, such as inhibiting growth, destroying cell wall and cell membrane integrity, inhibiting biofilm formation, inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis, and downregulating virulence factor expression. In addition, it was clear that the main flavonoid with antibacterial activity in A. membranaceus stems and leaves was isoliquiritigenin. Molecular docking showed that isoliquiritigenin could form a hydrogen bonding force with FtsZ. Conclusion: A. membranaceus stem and leaf flavonoid fractions had significant inhibitory activity against B. cereus, and the main chemical composition was isoliquiritigenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Cui
- College of Grassland Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhennan Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
| | - Wenhui Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
| | - Haihui Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
| | - Shang Guo
- Shanxi Institute for Functional Food, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Defu Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
| | - Yanbing Niu
- College of Grassland Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
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43
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Dietrich M, Besser M, Debus ES, Smeets R, Stuermer EK. Human skin biofilm model: translational impact on swabbing and debridement. J Wound Care 2023; 32:446-455. [PMID: 37405939 DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2023.32.7.446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Wound biofilms are one of the greatest challenges in the therapy of hard-to-heal (chronic) wounds, as potent antimicrobial substances fail to eradicate bacteria within short incubation periods. Preclinical investigations using novel model systems that closely mimic the human wound environment and wound biofilm are required to identify new and effective therapeutic options. This study aims to identify bacterial colonisation patterns that are relevant for diagnosis and therapy. METHOD In this study, a recently established human plasma biofilm model (hpBIOM) was incorporated into a wound within human dermal resectates after abdominoplasty. The interaction of the biofilm-forming bacteria meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with the skin cells was investigated. Possible effects on wound healing processes in correlation with the persistence of the biofilm in the wound environment were analysed in patients with leg ulcers of different aetiologies and biofilm burden. RESULTS Using haematoxylin and eosin staining, species-dependent infiltration modes of the bacteria into the wound tissue were determined for the pathogens MRSA and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The spreading behaviour correlated with clinical observations of the spatial distributions of the bacteria. In particular, the clinically prominent Pseudomonas aeruginosa-specific distension of the wound margin was identified as epidermolysis due to persistent infiltration. CONCLUSION The hpBIOM applied in this study represents a potential tool for preclinical analyses dealing with approval processes for new antimicrobial applications. In terms of clinical practice, a microbiological swabbing technique including the wound margin should be routinely applied to prevent wound exacerbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Dietrich
- Institute of Virology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health, Centre for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, Germany
| | - Manuela Besser
- Clinic for General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, Germany
| | - Eike S Debus
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University Heart Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Germany
| | - Ralf Smeets
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Ewa K Stuermer
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University Heart Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Germany
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Krátký M, Konečná K, Janďourek O, Diepoltová A, Vávrová P, Voxová B, Vejsová M, Bárta P, Bősze S. Insight into the Antibacterial Action of Iodinated Imine, an Analogue of Rafoxanide: a Comprehensive Study of Its Antistaphylococcal Activity. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0306422. [PMID: 37098945 PMCID: PMC10269765 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03064-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we have focused on a multiparametric microbiological analysis of the antistaphylococcal action of the iodinated imine BH77, designed as an analogue of rafoxanide. Its antibacterial activity against five reference strains and eight clinical isolates of Gram-positive cocci of the genera Staphylococcus and Enterococcus was evaluated. The most clinically significant multidrug-resistant strains, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA), and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium, were also included. The bactericidal and bacteriostatic actions, the dynamics leading to a loss of bacterial viability, antibiofilm activity, BH77 activity in combination with selected conventional antibiotics, the mechanism of action, in vitro cytotoxicity, and in vivo toxicity in an alternative animal model, Galleria mellonella, were analyzed. The antistaphylococcal activity (MIC) ranged from 15.625 to 62.5 μM, and the antienterococcal activity ranged from 62.5 to 125 μM. Its bactericidal action; promising antibiofilm activity; interference with nucleic acid, protein, and peptidoglycan synthesis pathways; and nontoxicity/low toxicity in vitro and in vivo in the Galleria mellonella model were found to be activity attributes of this newly synthesized compound. In conclusion, BH77 could be rightfully minimally considered at least as the structural pattern for future adjuvants for selected antibiotic drugs. IMPORTANCE Antibiotic resistance is among the largest threats to global health, with a potentially serious socioeconomic impact. One of the strategies to deal with the predicted catastrophic future scenarios associated with the rapid emergence of resistant infectious agents lies in the discovery and research of new anti-infectives. In our study, we have introduced a rafoxanide analogue, a newly synthesized and described polyhalogenated 3,5-diiodosalicylaldehyde-based imine, that effectively acts against Gram-positive cocci of the genera Staphylococcus and Enterococcus. The inclusion of an extensive and comprehensive analysis for providing a detailed description of candidate compound-microbe interactions allows the valorization of the beneficial attributes linked to anti-infective action conclusively. In addition, this study can help with making rational decisions about the possible involvement of this molecule in advanced studies or may merit the support of studies focused on related or derived chemical structures to discover more effective new anti-infective drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Krátký
- Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Klára Konečná
- Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Janďourek
- Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Adéla Diepoltová
- Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlína Vávrová
- Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Voxová
- Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Marcela Vejsová
- Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Bárta
- Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Biophysics and Physical Chemistry, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Szilvia Bősze
- ELKH-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Budapest, Hungary
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45
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Jiang W, Yao X, Wang F, Li Y, Zhu S, Bian D. Effect of transient organic load and aeration changes to pollutant removal and extracellular polymeric substances. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2023; 44:2417-2430. [PMID: 35029133 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2029952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Transient organic load shocks have an important influence on the removal of pollutants and the content and composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). This study was based on a micro-pressure reactor (MPR) with the influent COD concentration as the variable, while different operating conditions were controlled by adjusting the aeration rate. The effect of single-cycle transient organic loading shocks on EPS and pollutant removal and the correlation between their changes were investigated. The results showed that COD removal was unaffected under the shock, and the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus removal decreased. As the incoming carbon source increased, the EPS content at shock increased, with the polysaccharide (PS) content being the most affected. As aeration increased, the effect of organic load shock on EPS and pollutant removal decreased. Under different aeration conditions, PS contributed to denitrification and anaerobic phosphorus release during transient organic load shocks, and protein (PN) contributed to aerobic phosphorus uptake. The reduction in PS and PN relative to the pre-shock caused by the shock resulted in the EPS exhibiting a favourable effect on COD removal and an inhibitory effect on the effectiveness of nitrogen and phosphorus removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqing Jiang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Municipal Wastewater Treatment, Changchun Institute of Technology, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingrong Yao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Municipal Wastewater Treatment, Changchun Institute of Technology, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Wang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Municipal Wastewater Treatment, Changchun Institute of Technology, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajing Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Municipal Wastewater Treatment, Changchun Institute of Technology, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Suiyi Zhu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Municipal Wastewater Treatment, Changchun Institute of Technology, Changchun, People's Republic of China
- Science and Technology Innovation Center for Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Water Quality Protection, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Dejun Bian
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Municipal Wastewater Treatment, Changchun Institute of Technology, Changchun, People's Republic of China
- Science and Technology Innovation Center for Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Water Quality Protection, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
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46
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Barbosa A, Miranda S, Azevedo NF, Cerqueira L, Azevedo AS. Imaging biofilms using fluorescence in situ hybridization: seeing is believing. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1195803. [PMID: 37284501 PMCID: PMC10239779 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1195803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are complex structures with an intricate relationship between the resident microorganisms, the extracellular matrix, and the surrounding environment. Interest in biofilms is growing exponentially given its ubiquity in so diverse fields such as healthcare, environmental and industry. Molecular techniques (e.g., next-generation sequencing, RNA-seq) have been used to study biofilm properties. However, these techniques disrupt the spatial structure of biofilms; therefore, they do not allow to observe the location/position of biofilm components (e.g., cells, genes, metabolites), which is particularly relevant to explore and study the interactions and functions of microorganisms. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) has been arguably the most widely used method for an in situ analysis of spatial distribution of biofilms. In this review, an overview on different FISH variants already applied on biofilm studies (e.g., CLASI-FISH, BONCAT-FISH, HiPR-FISH, seq-FISH) will be explored. In combination with confocal laser scanning microscopy, these variants emerged as a powerful approach to visualize, quantify and locate microorganisms, genes, and metabolites inside biofilms. Finally, we discuss new possible research directions for the development of robust and accurate FISH-based approaches that will allow to dig deeper into the biofilm structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Barbosa
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sónia Miranda
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP-Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno F. Azevedo
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Laura Cerqueira
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia S. Azevedo
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP-Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Chen G, Hu Z, Ebrahimi A, Johnson DR, Wu F, Sun Y, Shen R, Liu L, Wang G. Chemotactic movement and zeta potential dominate Chlamydomonas microsphaera attachment and biocathode development. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2023; 44:1838-1849. [PMID: 34859742 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2021.2014575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microalgal cell attaching and biofilm formation are critical in the application of microalgal biocathode, which severs as one of the hopeful candidates to an original cathode in bioelectrochemical systems. Many efforts have been put in biofilm formation and bioelectrochemical systems for years, but the predominant factors shaping microalgal biocathode formation are sketchy. We launched a pair of researches to investigate microalgal attachment and biofilm formation in the presence/absence of applied voltages using Chlamydomonas microsphaera as a model unicellular motile microalga. In this study, we presented how microalga attached and biofilm formed on a carbon felt surface without applied voltages and try to manifest the most important aspects in this process. Results showed that while nutrient sources did not directly regulate cell attachment onto the carbon felt, limited initial nutrient concentration nevertheless promoted cell attachment. Specifically, nutrient availability did not influence the early stage (20-60 min) of microalgal cell attachment but did significantly impact cell attachment during later stages (240-720 min). Further analysis revealed that nutrient availability-mediated chemotactic movements and zeta potential are crucial to facilitate the initial attachment and subsequent biofilm formation of C. microsphaera onto the surfaces, serving as an important factor controlling microalgal surface attachment. Our results demonstrate that nutrient availability is a dominant factor controlling microalgal surface attachment and subsequent biofilm formation processes. This study provides a mechanistic understanding of microalgal surface attachment and biofilm formation processes on carbon felts surfaces in the absence of applied voltages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Chen
- Department of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Hu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ali Ebrahimi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David R Johnson
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Fazhu Wu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifei Sun
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Renhao Shen
- Department of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Saliba L, Sammut K, Tonna C, Pavli F, Valdramidis V, Gatt R, Giordmaina R, Camilleri L, Atanasio W, Buhagiar J, Schembri Wismayer P. FeMn and FeMnAg biodegradable alloys: An in vitro and in vivo investigation. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15671. [PMID: 37159706 PMCID: PMC10163621 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron-based biodegradable metal bone graft substitutes are in their infancy but promise to fill bone defects that arise after incidents such as trauma and revision arthroplasty surgery. Before clinical use however, a better understanding of their in vivo biodegradability, potential cytotoxicity and biocompatibility is required. In addition, these implants must ideally be able to resist infection, a complication of any implant surgery. In this study there was significant in vitro cytotoxicity caused by pure Fe, FeMn, FeMn1Ag and FeMn5Ag on both human foetal osteoblast (hFOB) and mouse pre-osteoblast (MC3T3-E1) cell lines. In vivo experiments on the other hand showed no signs of ill-effect on GAERS rats with the implanted FeMn, FeMn1Ag and FeMn5Ag pins being removed largely uncorroded. All Fe-alloys showed anti-bacterial performance but most markedly so in the Ag-containing alloys, there is significant bacterial resistance in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Saliba
- Department of Trauma, Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, MSD 2090, Malta
- Department of Anatomy, University of Malta, Msida, MSD 2080, Malta
| | - Keith Sammut
- Department of Trauma, Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, MSD 2090, Malta
- Department of Anatomy, University of Malta, Msida, MSD 2080, Malta
| | - Christabelle Tonna
- Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, University of Malta, Msida, MSD 2080, Malta
| | - Foteini Pavli
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, University of Malta, Msida, MSD 2080, Malta
| | - Vasilis Valdramidis
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, University of Malta, Msida, MSD 2080, Malta
| | - Ray Gatt
- Department of Trauma, Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, MSD 2090, Malta
| | - Ryan Giordmaina
- Department of Trauma, Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, MSD 2090, Malta
| | - Liberato Camilleri
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, University of Malta, Msida, MSD 2080, Malta
| | - William Atanasio
- Mortuary and Anatomic Pathology Department, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, MSD 2090, Malta
| | - Joseph Buhagiar
- Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, University of Malta, Msida, MSD 2080, Malta
- Corresponding author.
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Gil D, Hugard S, Borodinov N, Ovchinnikova OS, Muratoglu OK, Bedair H, Oral E. Dual-analgesic loaded UHMWPE exhibits synergistic antibacterial effects against Staphylococci. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2023; 111:912-922. [PMID: 36462210 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Total joint arthroplasty is one of the most common surgeries in the United States, with almost a million procedures performed annually. Periprosthetic joint infections (PJI) remain the most devastating complications associated with total joint replacement. Effective antibacterial prophylaxis after primary arthroplasty could substantially reduce incidence rate of PJI. In the present study we propose to provide post-arthroplasty prophylaxis via dual-analgesic loaded ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). Our approach is based on previous studies that showed pronounced antibacterial activity of analgesic- and NSAID-loaded UHMWPE against Staphylococci. Here, we prepared bupivacaine/tolfenamic acid-loaded UHMWPE and assessed its antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Dual-drug loaded UHMWPE yielded an additional 1-2 log reduction of bacteria, when compared with single-drug loaded UHMWPE. Analysis of the drug elution kinetics suggested that the observed increase in antibacterial activity is due to the increased tolfenamic acid elution from dual-drug loaded UHMWPE. We showed that the increased fractal dimension of the drug domains in UHMWPE could be associated with increased drug elution, leading to higher antibacterial activity. Dual-analgesic loaded UHMWPE proposed here can be used as part of multi-modal antibacterial prophylaxis and promises substantial reduction in post-arthroplasty mortality and morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Gil
- Harris Orthopaedic Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shannon Hugard
- Harris Orthopaedic Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nikolay Borodinov
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Olga S Ovchinnikova
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Orhun K Muratoglu
- Harris Orthopaedic Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hany Bedair
- Harris Orthopaedic Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ebru Oral
- Harris Orthopaedic Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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50
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Milbrandt NB, Tsai YH, Cui K, Ngompe Massado CS, Jung H, Visperas A, Klika A, Piuzzi N, Higuera-Rueda CA, Samia ACS. Combination d-Amino Acid and Photothermal Hydrogel for the Treatment of Prosthetic Joint Infections. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:1231-1241. [PMID: 36867723 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c01083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a devastating complication requiring surgical intervention and prolonged antimicrobial treatment. The prevalence of PJI is on the rise, with an average incidence of 60,000 cases per year and a projected annual cost of $1.85 billion in the US. The underlying pathogenesis of PJI involves the formation of bacterial biofilms that protect the pathogen from the host immune response and antibiotics, making it difficult to eradicate such infections. Biofilms on implants are also resistant to mechanical brushing/scrubbing methods of removal. Since the removal of biofilms is currently only achievable by the replacement of the prosthesis, therapies aimed at eradicating biofilms while enabling retention of implants will revolutionize the management of PJIs. To address severe complications associated with biofilm-related infections on implants, we have developed a combination treatment that is based on a hydrogel nanocomposite system, containing d-amino acids (d-AAs) and gold nanorods, which can be delivered and transforms from a solution to a gel state at physiological temperature for sustained release of d-AAs and light-activated thermal treatment of infected sites. Using this two-step approach to utilize a near-infrared light-activated hydrogel nanocomposite system for thermal treatment, following initial disruption with d-AAs, we were able to successfully demonstrate in vitro the total eradication of mature Staphylococcus aureus biofilms grown on three-dimensional printed Ti-6Al-4V alloy implants. Using a combination of cell assays, computer-aided scanning electron microscopy analyses, and confocal microscopy imaging of the biofilm matrix, we could show 100% eradication of the biofilms using our combination treatment. In contrast, we were only able to see 25% eradication of the biofilms using the debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention method. Moreover, our hydrogel nanocomposite-based treatment approach is adaptable in the clinical setting and capable of combating chronic infections brought about by biofilms on medical implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie B Milbrandt
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Yu Hsin Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Kaixi Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Cindy Serena Ngompe Massado
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Habin Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Anabelle Visperas
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, United States
| | - Alison Klika
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, United States
| | - Nicolas Piuzzi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, United States
| | - Carlos A Higuera-Rueda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 2950 Cleveland Clinic Blvd., Weston, Florida 33331, United States
| | - Anna Cristina S Samia
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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