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Jurado MR, Tombor LS, Arsalan M, Holubec T, Emrich F, Walther T, Abplanalp W, Fischer A, Zeiher AM, Schulz MH, Dimmeler S, John D. Improved integration of single-cell transcriptome data demonstrates common and unique signatures of heart failure in mice and humans. Gigascience 2024; 13:giae011. [PMID: 38573186 PMCID: PMC10993718 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giae011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular research heavily relies on mouse (Mus musculus) models to study disease mechanisms and to test novel biomarkers and medications. Yet, applying these results to patients remains a major challenge and often results in noneffective drugs. Therefore, it is an open challenge of translational science to develop models with high similarities and predictive value. This requires a comparison of disease models in mice with diseased tissue derived from humans. RESULTS To compare the transcriptional signatures at single-cell resolution, we implemented an integration pipeline called OrthoIntegrate, which uniquely assigns orthologs and therewith merges single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) RNA of different species. The pipeline has been designed to be as easy to use and is fully integrable in the standard Seurat workflow.We applied OrthoIntegrate on scRNA-seq from cardiac tissue of heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and scRNA-seq from the mice after chronic infarction, which is a commonly used mouse model to mimic HFrEF. We discovered shared and distinct regulatory pathways between human HFrEF patients and the corresponding mouse model. Overall, 54% of genes were commonly regulated, including major changes in cardiomyocyte energy metabolism. However, several regulatory pathways (e.g., angiogenesis) were specifically regulated in humans. CONCLUSIONS The demonstration of unique pathways occurring in humans indicates limitations on the comparability between mice models and human HFrEF and shows that results from the mice model should be validated carefully. OrthoIntegrate is publicly accessible (https://github.com/MarianoRuzJurado/OrthoIntegrate) and can be used to integrate other large datasets to provide a general comparison of models with patient data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Ruz Jurado
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lukas S Tombor
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mani Arsalan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Goethe University Hospital, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tomas Holubec
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Goethe University Hospital, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Fabian Emrich
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Goethe University Hospital, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Thomas Walther
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Goethe University Hospital, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Wesley Abplanalp
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ariane Fischer
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andreas M Zeiher
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marcel H Schulz
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefanie Dimmeler
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - David John
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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2
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Kant RJ, Dwyer KD, Lee JH, Polucha C, Kobayashi M, Pyon S, Soepriatna AH, Lee J, Coulombe KLK. Patterned Arteriole-Scale Vessels Enhance Engraftment, Perfusion, and Vessel Branching Hierarchy of Engineered Human Myocardium for Heart Regeneration. Cells 2023; 12:1698. [PMID: 37443731 PMCID: PMC10340601 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart regeneration after myocardial infarction (MI) using human stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs) is rapidly accelerating with large animal and human clinical trials. However, vascularization methods to support the engraftment, survival, and development of implanted CMs in the ischemic environment of the infarcted heart remain a key and timely challenge. To this end, we developed a dual remuscularization-revascularization therapy that is evaluated in a rat model of ischemia-reperfusion MI. This study details the differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) for engineering cardiac tissue containing patterned engineered vessels 400 μm in diameter. Vascularized engineered human myocardial tissues (vEHMs) are cultured in static conditions or perfused in vitro prior to implantation and evaluated after two weeks. Immunohistochemical staining indicates improved engraftment of hiPSC-CMs in in vitro-perfused vEHMs with greater expression of SMA+ vessels and evidence of inosculation. Three-dimensional vascular reconstructions reveal less tortuous and larger intra-implant vessels, as well as an improved branching hierarchy in in vitro-perfused vEHMs relative to non-perfused controls. Exploratory RNA sequencing of explanted vEHMs supports the hypothesis that co-revascularization impacts hiPSC-CM development in vivo. Our approach provides a strong foundation to enhance vEHM integration, develop hierarchical vascular perfusion, and maximize hiPSC-CM engraftment for future regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kareen L. K. Coulombe
- School of Engineering, Brown University Center for Biomedical Engineering, Providence, RI 02912, USA; (R.J.K.)
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3
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Vegf signaling between Müller glia and vascular endothelial cells is regulated by immune cells and stimulates retina regeneration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2211690119. [PMID: 36469778 PMCID: PMC9897474 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2211690119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In the zebrafish retina, Müller glia (MG) can regenerate retinal neurons lost to injury or disease. Even though zebrafish MG share structure and function with those of mammals, only in zebrafish do MG function as retinal stem cells. Previous studies suggest dying neurons, microglia/macrophage, and T cells contribute to MG's regenerative response [White et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 114, E3719 (2017); Hui et al., Dev. Cell 43, 659 (2017)]. Although MG end-feet abut vascular endothelial (VE) cells to form the blood-retina barrier, a role for VE cells in retina regeneration has not been explored. Here, we report that MG-derived Vegfaa and Pgfa engage Flt1 and Kdrl receptors on VE cells to regulate MG gene expression, Notch signaling, proliferation, and neuronal regeneration. Remarkably, vegfaa and pgfa expression is regulated by microglia/macrophages, while Notch signaling in MG is regulated by a Vegf-dll4 signaling system in VE cells. Thus, our studies link microglia/macrophage, MG, and VE cells in a multicomponent signaling pathway that controls MG reprogramming and proliferation.
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4
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Zhu L, Wang C, Jiang H, Zhang L, Mao L, Zhang Y, Qi S, Liu X. Quizalofop-P-ethyl induced developmental toxicity and cardiotoxicity in early life stage of zebrafish (Danio rerio). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 238:113596. [PMID: 35526453 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Quizalofop-P-ethyl (QpE), a highly efficient selective herbicide, has good control effect on annual and perennial weeds. However, its excessive use will pose a threat to the ecological environment. QpE has been proven harmful to aquatic organisms, but there is little evidence on the adverse effects of QpE in the early life of aquatic organisms. In this work, zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos were treated with 0.10, 0.20, 0.30, 0.40, and 0.50 mg/L of QpE for 120 h. The findings revealed that the LC50 value of QpE to zebrafish embryos was 0.23 mg/L at 96 hpf. QpE exposure significantly increased the mortality rate, decreased the hatching rate and caused morphological defects during zebrafish embryonic development, with a concentration dependent manner. QpE also caused severe morphological changes in the cardiovascular system, as well as resulted in a dysfunction in cardiovascular performance. Meanwhile, both histopathological examination and neutrophil observations showed inflammatory response occurred in the heart. Furthermore, several genes associated with heart development and inflammation were significantly altered following QpE exposure. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis proved that there was a connection between the changed heart development-relevant and inflammation-related genes. Taken together, our findings suggest that QpE causes cardiotoxicity in zebrafish embryos by altering the expression of genes in the regulatory network of cardiac development, which might be aggravated by inflammatory reactions, thereby affecting embryo development. These findings generated here are useful for in-depth assessment of the effects of QpE on early development of aquatic organisms and providing theoretical foundation for risk management measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengju Wang
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangang Mao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Suzhen Qi
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xingang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Abstract
Heart disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Despite decades of research, most heart pathologies have limited treatments, and often the only curative approach is heart transplantation. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop new therapeutic approaches for treating cardiac diseases. Animal models that reproduce the human pathophysiology are essential to uncovering the biology of diseases and discovering therapies. Traditionally, mammals have been used as models of cardiac disease, but the cost of generating and maintaining new models is exorbitant, and the studies have very low throughput. In the last decade, the zebrafish has emerged as a tractable model for cardiac diseases, owing to several characteristics that made this animal popular among developmental biologists. Zebrafish fertilization and development are external; embryos can be obtained in high numbers, are cheap and easy to maintain, and can be manipulated to create new genetic models. Moreover, zebrafish exhibit an exceptional ability to regenerate their heart after injury. This review summarizes 25 years of research using the zebrafish to study the heart, from the classical forward screenings to the contemporary methods to model mutations found in patients with cardiac disease. We discuss the advantages and limitations of this model organism and introduce the experimental approaches exploited in zebrafish, including forward and reverse genetics and chemical screenings. Last, we review the models used to induce cardiac injury and essential ideas derived from studying natural regeneration. Studies using zebrafish have the potential to accelerate the discovery of new strategies to treat cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel González-Rosa
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
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6
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Ramaccini D, Giorgi C, Matter ML. Measuring Mitochondrial Calcium Fluxes in Cardiomyocytes upon Mechanical Stretch-Induced Hypertrophy. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2475:215-222. [PMID: 35451760 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2217-9_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Calcium Ca2+ regulation is a key component of numerous cellular functions. In cardiomyocytes, Ca2+ regulates excitation-contraction coupling and influences signaling cascades involved in cell metabolism and cell survival. Prolonged dysregulation of mitochondrial Ca2+ leads to dysfunctional cardiomyocytes, apoptosis and ultimately heart failure. VEGF promotes cardiomyocyte contractility by increasing calcium transients to control the strength of the heartbeat. Here, we describe a method to measure mitochondrial Ca2+ fluxes in human ventricular cardiomocytes after inducing stretch-mediated hypertrophy in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ramaccini
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Research John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Laboratory of Technologies for Advanced Therapy (LTTA), Technopole of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Laboratory of Technologies for Advanced Therapy (LTTA), Technopole of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Michelle L Matter
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA.
- Center for Cardiovascular Research John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI, USA.
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7
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Djenoune L, Tomar R, Dorison A, Ghobrial I, Schenk H, Hegermann J, Beverly-Staggs L, Hidalgo-Gonzalez A, Little MH, Drummond IA. Autonomous Calcium Signaling in Human and Zebrafish Podocytes Controls Kidney Filtration Barrier Morphogenesis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:1697-1712. [PMID: 33911000 PMCID: PMC8425667 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2020101525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Podocytes are critical to maintaining the glomerular filtration barrier, and mutations in nephrotic syndrome genes are known to affect podocyte calcium signaling. However, the role of calcium signaling during podocyte development remains unknown. METHODS We undertook live imaging of calcium signaling in developing podocytes, using zebrafish larvae and human kidney organoids. To evaluate calcium signaling during development and in response to channel blockers and genetic defects, the calcium biosensor GCaMP6s was expressed in zebrafish podocytes. We used electron microscopy to evaluate filtration barrier formation in zebrafish, and Fluo-4 to detect calcium signals in differentiating podocytes in human kidney organoids. RESULTS Immature zebrafish podocytes (2.5 days postfertilization) generated calcium transients that correlated with interactions with forming glomerular capillaries. Calcium transients persisted until 4 days postfertilization, and were absent after glomerular barrier formation was complete. We detected similar calcium transients in maturing human organoid glomeruli, suggesting a conserved mechanism. In both models, inhibitors of SERCA or IP3 receptor calcium-release channels blocked calcium transients in podocytes, whereas lanthanum was ineffective, indicating the calcium source is from intracellular podocyte endoplasmic-reticulum stores. Calcium transients were not affected by blocking heartbeat or by blocking development of endothelium or endoderm, and they persisted in isolated glomeruli, suggesting podocyte-autonomous calcium release. Inhibition of expression of phospholipase C-γ1, but not nephrin or phospholipase C-ε1, led to significantly decreased calcium activity. Finally, blocking calcium release affected glomerular shape and podocyte foot process formation, supporting the critical role of calcium signaling in glomerular morphogenesis. CONCLUSIONS These findings establish podocyte cell-autonomous calcium signaling as a prominent and evolutionarily conserved feature of podocyte differentiation and demonstrate its requirement for podocyte foot process formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Djenoune
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Ritu Tomar
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Aude Dorison
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Irene Ghobrial
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Heiko Schenk
- Department of Medicine/Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany,Research Core Unit Electron Microscopy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Hegermann
- Research Core Unit Electron Microscopy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lynne Beverly-Staggs
- Davis Center for Regenerative Biology and Aging, Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine
| | | | - Melissa H. Little
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia,Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Iain A. Drummond
- Davis Center for Regenerative Biology and Aging, Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine
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8
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Dobbin SJ, Petrie MC, Myles RC, Touyz RM, Lang NN. Cardiotoxic effects of angiogenesis inhibitors. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:71-100. [PMID: 33404052 PMCID: PMC7812690 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of new therapies for cancer has led to dramatic improvements in survivorship. Angiogenesis inhibitors represent one such advancement, revolutionising treatment for a wide range of malignancies. However, these drugs are associated with cardiovascular toxicities which can impact optimal cancer treatment in the short-term and may lead to increased morbidity and mortality in the longer term. Vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors (VEGFIs) are associated with hypertension, left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) and heart failure as well as arterial and venous thromboembolism, QTc interval prolongation and arrhythmia. The mechanisms behind the development of VEGFI-associated LVSD and heart failure likely involve the combination of a number of myocardial insults. These include direct myocardial effects, as well as secondary toxicity via coronary or peripheral vascular damage. Cardiac toxicity may result from the 'on-target' effects of VEGF inhibition or 'off-target' effects resulting from inhibition of other tyrosine kinases. Similar mechanisms may be involved in the development of VEGFI-associated right ventricular (RV) dysfunction. Some VEGFIs can be associated with QTc interval prolongation and an increased risk of ventricular and atrial arrhythmia. Further pre-clinical and clinical studies and trials are needed to better understand the impact of VEGFI on the cardiovascular system. Once mechanisms are elucidated, therapies can be investigated in clinical trials and surveillance strategies for identifying VEGFI-associated cardiovascular complications can be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J.H. Dobbin
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, United Kingdom, G12 8TA
| | - Mark C. Petrie
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, United Kingdom, G12 8TA
| | - Rachel C. Myles
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, United Kingdom, G12 8TA
| | - Rhian M. Touyz
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, United Kingdom, G12 8TA
| | - Ninian N. Lang
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, United Kingdom, G12 8TA
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9
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Echeazarra L, Hortigón-Vinagre MP, Casis O, Gallego M. Adult and Developing Zebrafish as Suitable Models for Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pathology in Research and Industry. Front Physiol 2021; 11:607860. [PMID: 33519514 PMCID: PMC7838705 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.607860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The electrophysiological behavior of the zebrafish heart is very similar to that of the human heart. In fact, most of the genes that codify the channels and regulatory proteins required for human cardiac function have their orthologs in the zebrafish. The high fecundity, small size, and easy handling make the zebrafish embryos/larvae an interesting candidate to perform whole animal experiments within a plate, offering a reliable and low-cost alternative to replace rodents and larger mammals for the study of cardiac physiology and pathology. The employment of zebrafish embryos/larvae has widened from basic science to industry, being of particular interest for pharmacology studies, since the zebrafish embryo/larva is able to recapitulate a complete and integrated view of cardiac physiology, missed in cell culture. As in the human heart, IKr is the dominant repolarizing current and it is functional as early as 48 h post fertilization. Finally, genome editing techniques such as CRISPR/Cas9 facilitate the humanization of zebrafish embryos/larvae. These techniques allow one to replace zebrafish genes by their human orthologs, making humanized zebrafish embryos/larvae the most promising in vitro model, since it allows the recreation of human-organ-like environment, which is especially necessary in cardiac studies due to the implication of dynamic factors, electrical communication, and the paracrine signals in cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyre Echeazarra
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Maria Pura Hortigón-Vinagre
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética>, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Oscar Casis
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Mónica Gallego
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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10
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Diofano F, Weinmann K, Schneider I, Thiessen KD, Rottbauer W, Just S. Genetic compensation prevents myopathy and heart failure in an in vivo model of Bag3 deficiency. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1009088. [PMID: 33137814 PMCID: PMC7605898 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the molecular co-chaperone Bcl2-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3) are found to cause dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), resulting in systolic dysfunction and heart failure, as well as myofibrillar myopathy (MFM), which is characterized by protein aggregation and myofibrillar disintegration in skeletal muscle cells. Here, we generated a CRISPR/Cas9-induced Bag3 knockout zebrafish line and found the complete preservation of heart and skeletal muscle structure and function during embryonic development, in contrast to morpholino-mediated knockdown of Bag3. Intriguingly, genetic compensation, a process of transcriptional adaptation which acts independent of protein feedback loops, was found to prevent heart and skeletal muscle damage in our Bag3 knockout model. Proteomic profiling and quantitative real-time PCR analyses identified Bag2, another member of the Bag protein family, significantly upregulated on a transcript and protein level in bag3-/- mutants. This implied that the decay of bag3 mutant mRNA in homozygous bag3-/- embryos caused the transcriptional upregulation of bag2 expression. We further demonstrated that morpholino-mediated knockdown of Bag2 in bag3-/- embryos evoked severe functional and structural heart and skeletal muscle defects, which are similar to Bag3 morphants. However, Bag2 knockdown in bag3+/+ or bag3+/- embryos did not result in (cardio-)myopathy. Finally, we found that inhibition of the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) machinery by knockdown of upf1, an essential NMD factor, caused severe heart and skeletal muscle defects in bag3-/- mutants due to the blockade of transcriptional adaptation of bag2 expression. Our findings provide evidence that genetic compensation might vitally influence the penetrance of disease-causing bag3 mutations in vivo. One form of genetic compensation is described as transcriptional adaptation of gene expression triggered by deleterious gene mutations. Although the precise molecular mechanism that induces genetic compensation needs to be defined, it represents a powerful biological phenomenon that warrants genetic robustness. We find that antisense-mediated knockdown of Bag3 in zebrafish embryos causes heart failure and myopathy. By contrast, CRISPR/Cas9-induced depletion of Bag3 does not result in the abrogation of heart and skeletal muscle function in zebrafish embryos. We find here that transcriptional activation of the Bag family member bag2 is capable of restoring heart and skeletal muscle function in bag3 mutant embryos, whereas this compensatory mechanism is not present in the bag3 morphants. Furthermore, we show that nonsense-mediated decay of bag3 mRNA is the molecular trigger for the compensatory upregulation of bag2. Our study provides evidence that genetic compensation via transcriptional adaptation is a vital modulator of disease peculiarity and penetrance in bag3 mutant zebrafish and that this biological phenomenon might also be active in certain human BAG3 mutation carriers.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/deficiency
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Animals
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/deficiency
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/genetics
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/metabolism
- Cardiomyopathies/genetics
- Cardiomyopathies/metabolism
- Cardiomyopathies/pathology
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/genetics
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/metabolism
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Heart Failure/genetics
- Heart Failure/metabolism
- Heart Failure/pathology
- Molecular Chaperones/genetics
- Molecular Chaperones/metabolism
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscular Diseases/genetics
- Muscular Diseases/metabolism
- Muscular Diseases/pathology
- Mutation
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Myopathies, Structural, Congenital/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Proteomics
- Zebrafish
- Zebrafish Proteins/deficiency
- Zebrafish Proteins/genetics
- Zebrafish Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Diofano
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Karolina Weinmann
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Isabelle Schneider
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Kevin D. Thiessen
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Steffen Just
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- * E-mail:
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11
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Wang P, Huang H, Chen B, Su Y, Shi P, Yao H. Systems Pharmacology Dissection of Mechanisms of Dengzhan Xixin Injection against Cardiovascular Diseases. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2020; 68:837-847. [PMID: 32879224 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c20-00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dengzhan Xixin injection (DZXXI), a herbal product prepared from a Chinese herb called Erigeron breviscapus, is a classical and traditional therapeutic for cadiovascular diseases (CVDs), including coronary heart disease (CHD), angina, and stroke, etc. However, its potential pharmacology mechanism against CVDs remains unclear. In this paper, a systems pharmacology-based strategy is presented for predicting drug targets and understanding therapeutic mechanisms of DZXXI against CVDs. The main ingredients were identified by HPLC-diode array detector (DAD). The target fishing was performed on the PharmMapper Server (http://lilab-ecust.cn/pharmmapper/). Potential targets were confirmed by two molecular docking tools, Sybyl-X 1.3 and Ledock to ensure the accuracy. The resulting target proteins were applied as baits to fish their related diseases and pathways from the molecular annotation system (MAS 3.0, http://bioinfo.capitalbio.com/mas3/) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database (http://www.genome.jp/kegg/). Network generation and topological analysis were performed in Cytoscape 3.6.0. 15 main ingredients from DZXXI were identified. Forty five putative drug targets and 50 KEGG pathways, which have highly relevance to the therapeutic effects of DZXXI against CVDs, were then obtained. The systems analysis suggested that DZXXI could attenuate cardiac fibrosis, regulate cardiac contractility, and preserve heart function in adverse cardiac remodeling; meanwhile DZXXI also could have the function of activating blood circulation and dilating blood vessels. DZXXI exerts its therapeutic effects on CVDs possibly through multi-targets including CMA1, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), phenylalanine-4-hydroxylase (PAH), SRC, F7, etc., and multi-pathways including Focal adhesion, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, complement and coagulation cascades, Wnt signaling pathway, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway, Renin-angiotensin system, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University
| | - Ya Su
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University
| | - Peiying Shi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
| | - Hong Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University
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12
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VEGF-A in Cardiomyocytes and Heart Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155294. [PMID: 32722551 PMCID: PMC7432634 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a homodimeric vasoactive glycoprotein, is the key mediator of angiogenesis. Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, is responsible for a wide variety of physio/pathological processes, including cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Cardiomyocytes (CM), the main cell type present in the heart, are the source and target of VEGF-A and express its receptors, VEGFR1 and VEGFR2, on their cell surface. The relationship between VEGF-A and the heart is double-sided. On the one hand, VEGF-A activates CM, inducing morphogenesis, contractility and wound healing. On the other hand, VEGF-A is produced by CM during inflammation, mechanical stress and cytokine stimulation. Moreover, high concentrations of VEGF-A have been found in patients affected by different CVD, and are often correlated with an unfavorable prognosis and disease severity. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge about the expression and effects of VEGF-A on CM and the role of VEGF-A in CVD, which are the most important cause of disability and premature death worldwide. Based on clinical studies on angiogenesis therapy conducted to date, it is possible to think that the control of angiogenesis and VEGF-A can lead to better quality and span of life of patients with heart disease.
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13
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Zhang S, Yue J, Ge Z, Xie Y, Zhang M, Jiang L. Activation of CXCR7 alleviates cardiac insufficiency after myocardial infarction by promoting angiogenesis and reducing apoptosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 127:110168. [PMID: 32361166 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is an important pathway for revascularization of ischemic tissues after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). It is unclear what role CXCR7 plays in angiogenesis in the ischemic area after AMI, although some researchers have shown that the activation of CXCR7 protectsthe heart under those conditions. Here, we hypothesize that the activation of CXCR7 promotes angiogenesis, reduces cell apoptosis and alleviates cardiac deficiency after AMI. C57BL/6 J mice were subjected to AMI and treated with TC14012 (10 mg/kg) for 24 days. HUVECs were cultured in a hypoxic (2% O2) environment to generate a model of hypoxia. CXCR7 was knocked down in HUVECs by sh-CXCR7 transfection, and CXCR7 was activated by TC14012 (30 μM) treatment. The results showed that CXCR7 was downregulated in infarcted heart tissue and hypoxic HUVECs. The global activation of CXCR7 may alleviate the decrease in cardiac function indexes - (ejection fraction and fraction shortening), and reduce infarct size after AMI.. Moreover, CXCR7 activation has been shown to enhance the level of angiogenesis in ischemic heart tissue. In vitro, hypoxia-induced angiogenic functional loss and apoptosis are aggravated by CXCR7 knockdown in HUVECs. Both angiogenic impairment and cell apoptosis are rescued by CXCR7 activation. In conclusion, the present study indicates that activation of CXCR7 plays an important protective role for ischemic cells in hypoxic endothelial cells and AMI model mice by promoting angiogenesis and reducing apoptosis, which suggests that CXCR7 may be a potential therapeutic target to rescue the ischemic myocardium..
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200336, China
| | - Jingwen Yue
- Division of Cardiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200336, China
| | - Zhuowang Ge
- Division of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200092, China
| | - Yi Xie
- Division of Cardiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200336, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200336, China.
| | - Li Jiang
- Division of Cardiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200336, China.
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14
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Munarin F, Kant RJ, Rupert CE, Khoo A, Coulombe KLK. Engineered human myocardium with local release of angiogenic proteins improves vascularization and cardiac function in injured rat hearts. Biomaterials 2020; 251:120033. [PMID: 32388033 PMCID: PMC8115013 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Heart regeneration after myocardial infarction requires new cardiomyocytes and a supportive vascular network. Here, we evaluate the efficacy of localized delivery of angiogenic factors from biomaterials within the implanted muscle tissue to guide growth of a more dense, organized, and perfused vascular supply into implanted engineered human cardiac tissue on an ischemia/reperfusion injured rat heart. We use large, aligned 3-dimensional engineered tissue with cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells in a collagen matrix that contains dispersed alginate microspheres as local protein depots. Release of angiogenic growth factors VEGF and bFGF in combination with morphogen sonic hedgehog from the microspheres into the local microenvironment occurs from the epicardial implant site. Analysis of the 3D vascular network in the engineered tissue via Microfil® perfusion and microCT imaging at 30 days shows increased volumetric network density with a wider distribution of vessel diameters, proportionally increased branching and length, and reduced tortuosity. Global heart function is increased in the angiogenic factor-loaded cardiac implants versus sham. These findings demonstrate for the first time the efficacy of a combined remuscularization and revascularization therapy for heart regeneration after myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Munarin
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, 184 Hope St, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Rajeev J Kant
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, 184 Hope St, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Cassady E Rupert
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, 184 Hope St, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Amelia Khoo
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, 184 Hope St, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Kareen L K Coulombe
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, 184 Hope St, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
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15
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Paulin D, Hovhannisyan Y, Kasakyan S, Agbulut O, Li Z, Xue Z. Synemin-related skeletal and cardiac myopathies: an overview of pathogenic variants. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 318:C709-C718. [PMID: 32023076 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00485.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This review analyzes data concerning patients with cardiomyopathies or skeletal myopathies associated with a variation in the intermediate filament (IF) synemin gene (SYNM), also referred to as desmuslin (DMN). Molecular studies demonstrate that synemin copolymerizes with desmin and vimentin IF and interacts with vinculin, α-actinin, α-dystrobrevin, dystrophin, talin, and zyxin. It has been found that synemin is an A-kinase-anchoring protein (AKAP) that anchors protein kinase A (PKA) and modulates the PKA-dependent phosphorylation of several cytoskeletal substrates such as desmin. Because several IF proteins, including desmin, have been implicated in human genetic disorders such as dominant or recessive congenital and adult-onset myopathy, synemin becomes a significant candidate for cardiac and skeletal myopathies of unknown etiology. Because SYNM is a new candidate gene that displays numerous sequence polymorphisms, in this review, we summarize the genetic and clinical literature about SYNM mutations. Protein-changing variants (missense, frameshifts, nonsense) were further evaluated based on structural modifications and amino acid interactions. We present in silico modeling of helical salt-bridges between residues to evaluate the impact of the synemin networks crucial to interactions with cytoskeletal proteins. Finally, a discussion is featured regarding certain variants that may contribute to the disease state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Paulin
- Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, CNRS UMR 8256, INSERM ERL U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Paris, France
| | - Yeranuhi Hovhannisyan
- Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, CNRS UMR 8256, INSERM ERL U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Paris, France
| | - Serdar Kasakyan
- Duzen Laboratories Group, Center of Genetic Diagnosis, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Onnik Agbulut
- Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, CNRS UMR 8256, INSERM ERL U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Paris, France
| | - Zhenlin Li
- Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, CNRS UMR 8256, INSERM ERL U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Paris, France
| | - Zhigang Xue
- Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, CNRS UMR 8256, INSERM ERL U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Paris, France
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16
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Hsu JJ, Vedula V, Baek KI, Chen C, Chen J, Chou MI, Lam J, Subhedar S, Wang J, Ding Y, Chang CC, Lee J, Demer LL, Tintut Y, Marsden AL, Hsiai TK. Contractile and hemodynamic forces coordinate Notch1b-mediated outflow tract valve formation. JCI Insight 2019; 5:124460. [PMID: 30973827 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.124460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomechanical forces and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) are known to mediate valvulogenesis. However, the relative contributions of myocardial contractile and hemodynamic shear forces remain poorly understood. We integrated 4-D light-sheet imaging of transgenic zebrafish models with moving-domain computational fluid dynamics to determine effects of changes in contractile forces and fluid wall shear stress (WSS) on ventriculobulbar (VB) valve development. Augmentation of myocardial contractility with isoproterenol increased both WSS and Notch1b activity in the developing outflow tract (OFT) and resulted in VB valve hyperplasia. Increasing WSS in the OFT, achieved by increasing blood viscosity through EPO mRNA injection, also resulted in VB valve hyperplasia. Conversely, decreasing myocardial contractility by Tnnt2a morpholino oligonucleotide (MO) administration, 2,3-butanedione monoxime treatment, or Plcγ1 inhibition completely blocked VB valve formation, which could not be rescued by increasing WSS or activating Notch. Decreasing WSS in the OFT, achieved by slowing heart rate with metoprolol or reducing viscosity with Gata1a MO, did not affect VB valve formation. Immunofluorescent staining with the mesenchymal marker, DM-GRASP, revealed that biomechanical force-mediated Notch1b activity is implicated in EndoMT to modulate valve morphology. Altogether, increases in WSS result in Notch1b- EndoMT-mediated VB valve hyperplasia, whereas decreases in contractility result in reduced Notch1b activity, absence of EndoMT, and VB valve underdevelopment. Thus, we provide developmental mechanotransduction mechanisms underlying Notch1b-mediated EndoMT in the OFT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J Hsu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Vijay Vedula
- Departments of Pediatrics and Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Kyung In Baek
- Department of Bioengineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Cynthia Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Junjie Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Man In Chou
- Department of Bioengineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jeffrey Lam
- Department of Bioengineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Shivani Subhedar
- Department of Bioengineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jennifer Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yichen Ding
- Department of Bioengineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Juhyun Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas - Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Linda L Demer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Physiology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yin Tintut
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Physiology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alison L Marsden
- Departments of Pediatrics and Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Tzung K Hsiai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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17
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Ferri-Lagneau KF, Haider J, Sang S, Leung T. Rescue of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells formation in plcg1 zebrafish mutant. Sci Rep 2019; 9:244. [PMID: 30664660 PMCID: PMC6341084 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36338-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPC) in zebrafish emerge from the aortic hemogenic endothelium (HE) and migrate towards the caudal hematopoietic tissue (CHT), where they expand and differentiate during definitive hematopoiesis. Phospholipase C gamma 1 (Plcγ1) has been implicated for hematopoiesis in vivo and in vitro and is also required to drive arterial and HSPC formation. Genetic mutation in plcg1-/- (y10 allele) completely disrupts the aortic blood flow, specification of arterial fate, and HSPC formation in zebrafish embryos. We previously demonstrated that ginger treatment promoted definitive hematopoiesis via Bmp signaling. In this paper, we focus on HSPC development in plcg1-/- mutants and show that ginger/10-gingerol (10-G) can rescue the expression of arterial and HSPC markers in the HE and CHT in plcg1-/- mutant embryos. We demonstrate that ginger can induce scl/runx1 expression, and that rescued HE fate is dependent on Bmp and Notch. Bmp and Notch are known to regulate nitric oxide (NO) production and NO can induce hematopoietic stem cell fate. We show that ginger produces a robust up-regulation of NO. Taken together, we suggest in this paper that Bmp, Notch and NO are potential players that mediate the effect of ginger/10-G for rescuing the genetic defects in blood vessel specification and HSPC formation in plcg1-/- mutants. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of HSPC development in vivo is critical for understanding HSPC expansion, which will have a positive impact in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine F Ferri-Lagneau
- The Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, North Carolina Research Campus, Nutrition Research Building, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA
| | - Jamil Haider
- The Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, North Carolina Research Campus, Nutrition Research Building, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA
| | - Shengmin Sang
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina A&T State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Nutrition Research Building, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA
| | - TinChung Leung
- The Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, North Carolina Research Campus, Nutrition Research Building, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA.
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, 27707, USA.
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18
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Semantic Multi-Classifier Systems Identify Predictive Processes in Heart Failure Models across Species. Biomolecules 2018; 8:biom8040158. [PMID: 30486323 PMCID: PMC6315933 DOI: 10.3390/biom8040158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic model organisms have the potential of removing blind spots from the underlying gene regulatory networks of human diseases. Allowing analyses under experimental conditions they complement the insights gained from observational data. An inevitable requirement for a successful trans-species transfer is an abstract but precise high-level characterization of experimental findings. In this work, we provide a large-scale analysis of seven weak contractility/heart failure genotypes of the model organism zebrafish which all share a weak contractility phenotype. In supervised classification experiments, we screen for discriminative patterns that distinguish between observable phenotypes (homozygous mutant individuals) as well as wild-type (homozygous wild-types) and carriers (heterozygous individuals). As the method of choice we use semantic multi-classifier systems, a knowledge-based approach which constructs hypotheses from a predefined vocabulary of high-level terms (e.g., Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways or Gene Ontology (GO) terms). Evaluating these models leads to a compact description of the underlying processes and guides the screening for new molecular markers of heart failure. Furthermore, we were able to independently corroborate the identified processes in Wistar rats.
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19
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Pott A, Shahid M, Köhler D, Pylatiuk C, Weinmann K, Just S, Rottbauer W. Therapeutic Chemical Screen Identifies Phosphatase Inhibitors to Reconstitute PKB Phosphorylation and Cardiac Contractility in ILK-Deficient Zebrafish. Biomolecules 2018; 8:biom8040153. [PMID: 30463267 PMCID: PMC6315389 DOI: 10.3390/biom8040153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with inherited dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) often suffer from severe heart failure based on impaired cardiac contractility leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) as a part of the cardiac mechanical stretch sensor was found to be an essential genetic regulator of cardiac contractility. Integrin-linked kinase localizes to z-disks and costameres in vertebrate hearts and regulates the activity of the signaling molecule protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) by controlling its phosphorylation. Despite identification of several potential drug targets in the ILK signaling pathway, pharmacological treatment strategies to restore contractile function in ILK-dependent cardiomyopathies have not been established yet. In recent years, the zebrafish has emerged as a valuable experimental system to model human cardiomyopathies as well as a powerful tool for the straightforward high-throughput in vivo small compound screening of therapeutically active substances. Using the ILK deficient zebrafish heart failure mutant main squeeze (msq), which shows reduced PKB phosphorylation and thereby impaired cardiac contractile force, we identified here, in an automated small compound screen, the protein phosphatase inhibitors calyculin A and okadaic acid significantly restoring myocardial contractile function by reconstituting PKB phosphorylation in msq ILK-deficient zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Pott
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, D-89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Maryam Shahid
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, D-89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Doreen Köhler
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Christian Pylatiuk
- Institute of Applied Computer Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
| | - Karolina Weinmann
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, D-89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Steffen Just
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, D-89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Rottbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, D-89081 Ulm, Germany.
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20
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Krzykwa JC, Olivas A, Sellin Jeffries MK. Development of cardiovascular and neurodevelopmental metrics as sublethal endpoints for the Fish embryo toxicity test. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2018; 37:2530-2541. [PMID: 29920761 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The fathead minnow fish embryo toxicity (FET) test has been proposed as a more humane alternative to current toxicity testing methods as younger organisms are thought to experience less distress during toxicant exposure. However, the FET test protocol does not include endpoints that allow for the prediction of sublethal adverse outcomes, limiting its utility relative to other test types. Researchers have proposed the development of sublethal endpoints for the FET test to increase its utility. The present study 1) developed methods for previously unmeasured sublethal metrics in fathead minnows (i.e., spontaneous contraction frequency and heart rate) and 2) investigated the responsiveness of several sublethal endpoints related to growth (wet wt, length, and growth-related gene expression), neurodevelopment (spontaneous contraction frequency, eye size, and neurodevelopmental gene expression), and cardiovascular function and development (pericardial area, heart rate, and cardiovascular system-related gene expression) as additional FET test metrics using the model toxicant 3,4-dichloroaniline. Of the growth, neurological, and cardiovascular endpoints measured, length, eye size, and pericardial area were found to be more responsive than the other endpoints evaluated. Future studies linking alterations in these endpoints to longer-term adverse impacts are needed to fully evaluate the predictive power of these metrics in chemical and whole-effluent toxicity testing. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:2530-2541. © 2018 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie C Krzykwa
- Department of Biology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Alexis Olivas
- Department of Biology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
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21
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Segert J, Schneider I, Berger IM, Rottbauer W, Just S. Mediator complex subunit Med12 regulates cardiac jelly development and AV valve formation in zebrafish. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 138:20-31. [PMID: 30036562 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanism essential for the formation of heart valves involves complex interactions of signaling molecules and transcription factors. The Mediator Complex (MC) functions as multi-subunit machinery to orchestrate gene transcription, especially for tissue-specific fine-tuning of transcriptional processes during development, also in the heart. Here, we analyzed the role of the MC subunit Med12 during atrioventricular canal (AVC) development and endocardial cushion formation, using the Med12-deficient zebrafish mutant trapped (tpd). Whereas primary heart formation was only slightly affected in tpd, we identified defects in AVC development and cardiac jelly formation. We found that although misexpression of bmp4 and versican in tpd hearts can be restored by overexpression of a modified version of the Sox9b transcription factor (harboring VP16 transactivation domain) that functions independent of its co-activator Med12, endocardial cushion development in tpd was not reconstituted. Interestingly, expression of tbx2b and its target hyaluronan synthase 2 (has2) - the synthase of hyaluronan (HA) in the heart - was absent in both uninjected and Sox9b-VP16 overexpressing tpd hearts. HA is a major ECM component of the cardiac jelly and required for endocardial cushion formation. Furthermore, we found secreted phosphoprotein 1 (spp1), an endocardial marker of activated AV endocardial cells, completely absent in tpd hearts, suggesting that crucial steps of the transformation of AV endocardial cells into endocardial cushions is blocked. We demonstrate that Med12 controls cardiac jelly formation Sox9-independently by regulating tbx2b and has2 expression and therefore the production of the glycosaminoglycan HA at the AVC to guarantee proper endocardial cushion development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Segert
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Isabelle Schneider
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ina M Berger
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Steffen Just
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
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22
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Keßler M, Kieltsch A, Kayvanpour E, Katus H, Schoser B, Schessl J, Just S, Rottbauer W. A zebrafish model for FHL1-opathy reveals loss-of-function effects of human FHL1 mutations. Neuromuscul Disord 2018; 28:521-531. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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23
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Pott A, Bock S, Berger IM, Frese K, Dahme T, Keßler M, Rinné S, Decher N, Just S, Rottbauer W. Mutation of the Na +/K +-ATPase Atp1a1a.1 causes QT interval prolongation and bradycardia in zebrafish. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 120:42-52. [PMID: 29750993 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The genetic underpinnings that orchestrate the vertebrate heart rate are not fully understood yet, but of high clinical importance, since diseases of cardiac impulse formation and propagation are common and severe human arrhythmias. To identify novel regulators of the vertebrate heart rate, we deciphered the pathogenesis of the bradycardia in the homozygous zebrafish mutant hiphop (hip) and identified a missense-mutation (N851K) in Na+/K+-ATPase α1-subunit (atp1a1a.1). N851K affects zebrafish Na+/K+-ATPase ion transport capacity, as revealed by in vitro pump current measurements. Inhibition of the Na+/K+-ATPase in vivo indicates that hip rather acts as a hypomorph than being a null allele. Consequently, reduced Na+/K+-ATPase function leads to prolonged QT interval and refractoriness in the hip mutant heart, as shown by electrocardiogram and in vivo electrical stimulation experiments. We here demonstrate for the first time that Na+/K+-ATPase plays an essential role in heart rate regulation by prolonging myocardial repolarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Pott
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sarah Bock
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ina M Berger
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Karen Frese
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Heidelberg University Medical Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tillman Dahme
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Mirjam Keßler
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Susanne Rinné
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, AG Vegetative Physiology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Niels Decher
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, AG Vegetative Physiology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Steffen Just
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Rottbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.
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Lin Z, Xing W, Gao C, Wang X, Qi D, Dai G, Zhao W, Yan G. Inhibitory Effect of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor on the Slowly Activating Delayed Rectifier Potassium Current in Guinea Pig Ventricular Myocytes. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:JAHA.117.007730. [PMID: 29374044 PMCID: PMC5850256 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.007730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) exerts a number of beneficial effects on ischemic myocardium via its angiogenic properties. However, little is known about whether VEGF has a direct effect on the electrical properties of cardiomyocytes. In the present study, we investigated the effects of different concentrations of VEGF on delayed rectifier potassium currents (IK) in guinea pig ventricular myocytes and their effects on action potential (AP) parameters. Methods and Results IK and AP were recorded by the whole‐cell patch clamp method in ventricular myocytes. Cells were superfused with control solution or solution containing VEGF at different concentrations for 10 minutes before recording. Some ventricular myocytes were pretreated with a phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase inhibitor for 1 hour before the addition of VEGF. We found that VEGF inhibited the slowly activating delayed rectifier potassium current (IKs) in a concentration‐dependent manner (18.13±1.04 versus 12.73±0.34, n=5, P=0.001; 12.73±0.34 versus 9.05±1.20, n=5, P=0.036) and prolonged AP duration (894.5±36.92 versus 746.3±33.71, n=5, P=0.021). Wortmannin, a phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase inhibitor, eliminated these VEGF‐induced effects. VEGF had no significant effect on the rapidly activating delayed rectifier potassium current (IKr), resting membrane potential, AP amplitude, or maximal velocity of depolarization. Conclusions VEGF inhibited IKs in a concentration‐dependent manner through a phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase–mediated signaling pathway, leading to AP prolongation. The results indicate a promising therapeutic potential of VEGF in prevention of ventricular tachyarrhythmias under conditions of high sympathetic activity and ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhao Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wenlu Xing
- Department of Cardiology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chuanyu Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xianpei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Datun Qi
- Department of Cardiology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Guoyou Dai
- Department of Cardiology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wen Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ganxin Yan
- Main Line Health Heart Center, Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA
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25
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Paone C, Rudeck S, Etard C, Strähle U, Rottbauer W, Just S. Loss of zebrafish Smyd1a interferes with myofibrillar integrity without triggering the misfolded myosin response. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 496:339-345. [PMID: 29331378 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Sarcomeric protein turnover needs to be tightly balanced to assure proper assembly and renewal of sarcomeric units within muscle tissues. The mechanisms regulating these fundamental processes are only poorly understood, but of great clinical importance since many cardiac and skeletal muscle diseases are associated with defective sarcomeric organization. The SET- and MYND domain containing protein 1b (Smyd1b) is known to play a crucial role in myofibrillogenesis by functionally interacting with the myosin chaperones Unc45b and Hsp90α1. In zebrafish, Smyd1b, Unc45b and Hsp90α1 are part of the misfolded myosin response (MMR), a regulatory transcriptional response that is activated by disturbed myosin homeostasis. Genome duplication in zebrafish led to a second smyd1 gene, termed smyd1a. Morpholino- and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockdown of smyd1a led to significant perturbations in sarcomere structure resulting in decreased cardiac as well as skeletal muscle function. Similar to Smyd1b, we found Smyd1a to localize to the sarcomeric M-band in skeletal and cardiac muscles. Overexpression of smyd1a efficiently compensated for the loss of Smyd1b in flatline (fla) mutant zebrafish embryos, rescued the myopathic phenotype and suppressed the MMR in Smyd1b-deficient embryos, suggesting overlapping functions of both Smyd1 paralogs. Interestingly, Smyd1a is not transcriptionally activated in Smyd1b-deficient fla mutants, demonstrating lack of genetic compensation despite the functional redundancy of both zebrafish Smyd1 paralogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Paone
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Inner Medicine II, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Steven Rudeck
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Inner Medicine II, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christelle Etard
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (ITG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Uwe Strähle
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (ITG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | | | - Steffen Just
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Inner Medicine II, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
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Gut P, Reischauer S, Stainier DYR, Arnaout R. LITTLE FISH, BIG DATA: ZEBRAFISH AS A MODEL FOR CARDIOVASCULAR AND METABOLIC DISEASE. Physiol Rev 2017; 97:889-938. [PMID: 28468832 PMCID: PMC5817164 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00038.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The burden of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases worldwide is staggering. The emergence of systems approaches in biology promises new therapies, faster and cheaper diagnostics, and personalized medicine. However, a profound understanding of pathogenic mechanisms at the cellular and molecular levels remains a fundamental requirement for discovery and therapeutics. Animal models of human disease are cornerstones of drug discovery as they allow identification of novel pharmacological targets by linking gene function with pathogenesis. The zebrafish model has been used for decades to study development and pathophysiology. More than ever, the specific strengths of the zebrafish model make it a prime partner in an age of discovery transformed by big-data approaches to genomics and disease. Zebrafish share a largely conserved physiology and anatomy with mammals. They allow a wide range of genetic manipulations, including the latest genome engineering approaches. They can be bred and studied with remarkable speed, enabling a range of large-scale phenotypic screens. Finally, zebrafish demonstrate an impressive regenerative capacity scientists hope to unlock in humans. Here, we provide a comprehensive guide on applications of zebrafish to investigate cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. We delineate advantages and limitations of zebrafish models of human disease and summarize their most significant contributions to understanding disease progression to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Gut
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland; Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; and Cardiovascular Research Institute and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Sven Reischauer
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland; Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; and Cardiovascular Research Institute and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Didier Y R Stainier
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland; Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; and Cardiovascular Research Institute and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Rima Arnaout
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland; Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; and Cardiovascular Research Institute and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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Woo SJ, Jo HI, Lee HH, Chung JK. Molecular characterization and expression analysis of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) phospholipase C gamma 1 and gamma 2. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 63:353-366. [PMID: 27894895 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipase C gamma 1 and gamma 2 (PLCG1 and PLCG2) are influential in modulating Ca2+ and diacylglycerol, second messengers involved in tyrosine kinase-dependent signaling, including growth factor activation. Here, we used RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends) to clone cDNA encoding PLCG1 (PoPLCG1) and PLCG2 (PoPLCG2) in the olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). The respective 1313 and 1249 amino acid sequences share high identity with human PLCG1 and PLCG2, and contain the following domains: pleckstrin homology (PH), EF-hand, catalytic X and Y, Src homology 2 (SH2), Src homology 3 (SH3), and C2. Phylogenic analysis and sequence comparison of PoPLCG1 and PoPLCG2 with other PLC isozymes showed a close relationship between the two PLCGs, supported by structural analysis. In addition, tissue expression analysis showed that PoPLCG1 was expressed predominantly in the brain, eye, and heart, whereas PoPLCG2 was expressed principally in gills, esophagus, spleen, and kidney. Following stimulation with LPS and Poly I:C, PoPLCG expression was compared with the expression of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α via reverse transcription-PCR and real-time quantitative PCR. Our results suggest that PoPLCG isozymes perform a critical immune function in olive flounder, being active in pathogen resistance and the inflammation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Ji Woo
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, South Korea.
| | - Hyae In Jo
- Gyeongbuk Native Fish Business Center, Uiseong 37366, South Korea.
| | - Hyung Ho Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, South Korea.
| | - Joon Ki Chung
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, South Korea.
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Li K, Wu JQ, Jiang LL, Shen LZ, Li JY, He ZH, Wei P, Lv Z, He MF. Developmental toxicity of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in zebrafish embryos. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 171:40-48. [PMID: 28002765 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is widely used in agriculture as herbicide/pesticide, plant growth regulator and fruit preservative agent. It progressively accumulates in the environment including surface water, air and soil. It could be detected in human food and urine, which poses great risk to the living organisms. In the present study, we investigated the developmental toxicity of 2,4-D on zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo. 2,4-D exposure significantly decreased both the survival rate (LC50 = 46.71 mg/L) and hatching rate (IC50 = 46.26 mg/L) of zebrafish embryos. The most common developmental defect in 2,4-D treated embryos was pericardial edema. 2,4-D (25 mg/L) upregulated marker genes of cardiac development (vmhc, amhc, hand2, vegf, and gata1) and downregulated marker genes of oxidative stress (cat and gpx1a). Whole mount in situ hybridization confirmed the vmhc and amhc upregulation by 2,4-D treatment. LC/MS/MS showed that the bioaccumulation of 2,4-D in zebrafish embryos were increased in a time-dependent manner after 25 mg/L of 2,4-D treatment. Taken together, our study investigated the toxic effects of 2,4-D on zebrafish embryonic development and its potential molecular mechanisms, gave evidence for the full understanding of 2,4-D toxicity on living organisms and shed light on its environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, PR China
| | - Jia-Qi Wu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, PR China
| | - Ling-Ling Jiang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, PR China
| | - Li-Zhen Shen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, PR China
| | - Jian-Ying Li
- Nanjing Emory Biotechnology Company, Nanjing, 210042, PR China
| | - Zhi-Heng He
- School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Ping Wei
- Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, PR China
| | - Zhuo Lv
- Shanxi Institute for Food and Drug Control, Xi'an, 710065, PR China
| | - Ming-Fang He
- Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, PR China.
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Fast revascularization of the injured area is essential to support zebrafish heart regeneration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:11237-11242. [PMID: 27647901 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1605431113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish have a remarkable capacity to regenerate their heart. Efficient replenishment of lost tissues requires the activation of different cell types including the epicardium and endocardium. A complex set of processes is subsequently needed to support cardiomyocyte repopulation. Previous studies have identified important determinants of heart regeneration; however, to date, how revascularization of the damaged area happens remains unknown. Here, we show that angiogenic sprouting into the injured area starts as early as 15 h after injury. To analyze the role of vegfaa in heart regeneration, we used vegfaa mutants rescued to adulthood by vegfaa mRNA injections at the one-cell stage. Surprisingly, vegfaa mutants develop coronaries and revascularize after injury. As a possible explanation for these observations, we find that vegfaa mutant hearts up-regulate the expression of potentially compensating genes. Therefore, to overcome the lack of a revascularization phenotype in vegfaa mutants, we generated fish expressing inducible dominant negative Vegfaa. These fish displayed minimal revascularization of the damaged area. In the absence of fast angiogenic revascularization, cardiomyocyte proliferation did not occur, and the heart failed to regenerate, retaining a fibrotic scar. Hence, our data show that a fast endothelial invasion allows efficient revascularization of the injured area, which is necessary to support replenishment of new tissue and achieve efficient heart regeneration. These findings revisit the model where neovascularization is considered to happen concomitant with the formation of new muscle. Our work also paves the way for future studies designed to understand the molecular mechanisms that regulate fast revascularization.
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Li J, Krishna SM, Golledge J. The Potential Role of Kallistatin in the Development of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17081312. [PMID: 27529213 PMCID: PMC5000709 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a vascular condition that causes permanent dilation of the abdominal aorta, which can lead to death due to aortic rupture. The only treatment for AAA is surgical repair, and there is no current drug treatment for AAA. Aortic inflammation, vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis, angiogenesis, oxidative stress and vascular remodeling are implicated in AAA pathogenesis. Kallistatin is a serine proteinase inhibitor, which has been shown to have a variety of functions, potentially relevant in AAA pathogenesis. Kallistatin has been reported to have inhibitory effects on tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) signaling induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. Kallistatin also inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Wnt canonical signaling, which promote inflammation, angiogenesis, and vascular remodeling in various pre-clinical experimental models. This review explores the potential protective role of kallistatin in AAA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaze Li
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, 4811 Townsville, Australia.
| | - Smriti Murali Krishna
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, 4811 Townsville, Australia.
| | - Jonathan Golledge
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, 4811 Townsville, Australia.
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, 4811 Townsville, Australia.
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Abstract
Coronary flow (CF) measured ex vivo is largely determined by capillary density that reflects angiogenic vessel formation in the heart in vivo. Here we exploit this relationship and show that CF in the rat is influenced by a locus on rat chromosome 2 that is also associated with cardiac capillary density. Mitochondrial tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (Wars2), encoding an L53F protein variant within the ATP-binding motif, is prioritized as the candidate at the locus by integrating genomic data sets. WARS2(L53F) has low enzyme activity and inhibition of WARS2 in endothelial cells reduces angiogenesis. In the zebrafish, inhibition of wars2 results in trunk vessel deficiencies, disordered endocardial-myocardial contact and impaired heart function. Inhibition of Wars2 in the rat causes cardiac angiogenesis defects and diminished cardiac capillary density. Our data demonstrate a pro-angiogenic function for Wars2 both within and outside the heart that may have translational relevance given the association of WARS2 with common human diseases. Blood supply to the heart is crucial for cardiac function. Here, the authors show that the mitochondrial tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase, WARS2, drives blood vessel generation in zebrafish and rats and that inhibition of Wars2 diminishes blood vessel growth both within and outside in the heart, suggesting a new target for manipulating angiogenesis.
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Qiu J, Fan X, Wang Y, Jin H, Song Y, Han Y, Huang S, Meng Y, Tang F, Meng A. Embryonic hematopoiesis in vertebrate somites gives rise to definitive hematopoietic stem cells. J Mol Cell Biol 2016; 8:288-301. [PMID: 27252540 PMCID: PMC4991667 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjw024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) replenish all types of blood cells. It is debating whether HSCs in adults solely originate from the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region, more specifically, the dorsal aorta, during embryogenesis. Here, we report that somite hematopoiesis, a previously unwitnessed hematopoiesis, can generate definitive HSCs (dHSCs) in zebrafish. By transgenic lineage tracing, we found that a subset of cells within the forming somites emigrate ventromedially and mix with lateral plate mesoderm-derived primitive hematopoietic cells before the blood circulation starts. These somite-derived hematopoietic precursors and stem cells (sHPSCs) subsequently enter the circulation and colonize the kidney of larvae and adults. RNA-seq analysis reveals that sHPSCs express hematopoietic genes with sustained expression of many muscle/skeletal genes. Embryonic sHPSCs transplanted into wild-type embryos expand during growth and survive for life time with differentiation into various hematopoietic lineages, indicating self-renewal and multipotency features. Therefore, the embryonic origin of dHSCs in adults is not restricted to the AGM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhui Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaoying Fan
- Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center, College of Life Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Hospital, and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yixia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hongbin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yixiao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yang Han
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shenghong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yaping Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fuchou Tang
- Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center, College of Life Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Hospital, and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Anming Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Myoscape controls cardiac calcium cycling and contractility via regulation of L-type calcium channel surface expression. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11317. [PMID: 27122098 DOI: 10.1315/11317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium signalling plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of heart failure. Here we describe a cardiac protein named Myoscape/FAM40B/STRIP2, which directly interacts with the L-type calcium channel. Knockdown of Myoscape in cardiomyocytes decreases calcium transients associated with smaller Ca(2+) amplitudes and a lower diastolic Ca(2+) content. Likewise, L-type calcium channel currents are significantly diminished on Myoscape ablation, and downregulation of Myoscape significantly reduces contractility of cardiomyocytes. Conversely, overexpression of Myoscape increases global Ca(2+) transients and enhances L-type Ca(2+) channel currents, and is sufficient to restore decreased currents in failing cardiomyocytes. In vivo, both Myoscape-depleted morphant zebrafish and Myoscape knockout (KO) mice display impairment of cardiac function progressing to advanced heart failure. Mechanistically, Myoscape-deficient mice show reduced L-type Ca(2+)currents, cell capacity and calcium current densities as a result of diminished LTCC surface expression. Finally, Myoscape expression is reduced in hearts from patients suffering of terminal heart failure, implying a role in human disease.
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Myoscape controls cardiac calcium cycling and contractility via regulation of L-type calcium channel surface expression. Nat Commun 2016. [PMID: 27122098 PMCID: PMC5438100 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium signalling plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of heart failure. Here we describe a cardiac protein named Myoscape/FAM40B/STRIP2, which directly interacts with the L-type calcium channel. Knockdown of Myoscape in cardiomyocytes decreases calcium transients associated with smaller Ca2+ amplitudes and a lower diastolic Ca2+ content. Likewise, L-type calcium channel currents are significantly diminished on Myoscape ablation, and downregulation of Myoscape significantly reduces contractility of cardiomyocytes. Conversely, overexpression of Myoscape increases global Ca2+ transients and enhances L-type Ca2+ channel currents, and is sufficient to restore decreased currents in failing cardiomyocytes. In vivo, both Myoscape-depleted morphant zebrafish and Myoscape knockout (KO) mice display impairment of cardiac function progressing to advanced heart failure. Mechanistically, Myoscape-deficient mice show reduced L-type Ca2+currents, cell capacity and calcium current densities as a result of diminished LTCC surface expression. Finally, Myoscape expression is reduced in hearts from patients suffering of terminal heart failure, implying a role in human disease. Heart failure is a major public health issue but due to our poor disease understanding the current therapies are symptomatic. Here the authors identify Myoscape as a novel cardiac protein regulating membrane localization of the L-type calcium channel and heart's contractile force, thus promising new therapeutic avenues for heart failure.
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Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying cardiogenesis are of critical biomedical importance due to the high prevalence of cardiac birth defects. Over the past two decades, the zebrafish has served as a powerful model organism for investigating heart development, facilitated by its powerful combination of optical access to the embryonic heart and plentiful opportunities for genetic analysis. Work in zebrafish has identified numerous factors that are required for various aspects of heart formation, including the specification and differentiation of cardiac progenitor cells, the morphogenesis of the heart tube, cardiac chambers, and atrioventricular canal, and the establishment of proper cardiac function. However, our current roster of regulators of cardiogenesis is by no means complete. It is therefore valuable for ongoing studies to continue pursuit of additional genes and pathways that control the size, shape, and function of the zebrafish heart. An extensive arsenal of techniques is available to distinguish whether particular mutations, morpholinos, or small molecules disrupt specific processes during heart development. In this chapter, we provide a guide to the experimental strategies that are especially effective for the characterization of cardiac phenotypes in the zebrafish embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Houk
- University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - D Yelon
- University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
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Hirth S, Bühler A, Bührdel JB, Rudeck S, Dahme T, Rottbauer W, Just S. Paxillin and Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) Regulate Cardiac Contractility in the Zebrafish Heart. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150323. [PMID: 26954676 PMCID: PMC4782988 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
An orchestrated interplay of adaptor and signaling proteins at mechano-sensitive sites is essential to maintain cardiac contractility and when defective leads to heart failure. We recently showed that Integrin-linked Kinase (ILK), ß-Parvin and PINCH form the IPP-complex to grant tuned Protein Kinase B (PKB) signaling in the heart. Loss of one of the IPP-complex components results in destabilization of the whole complex, defective PKB signaling and finally heart failure. Two components of IPP, ILK and ß-Parvin directly bind to Paxillin; however, the impact of this direct interaction on the maintenance of heart function is not known yet. Here, we show that targeted gene inactivation of Paxillin results in progressive decrease of cardiac contractility and heart failure in zebrafish without affecting IPP-complex stability and PKB phosphorylation. However, we found that Paxillin deficiency leads to the destabilization of its known binding partner Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) and vice versa resulting in degradation of Vinculin and thereby heart failure. Our findings highlight an essential role of Paxillin and FAK in controlling cardiac contractility via the recruitment of Vinculin to mechano-sensitive sites in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Hirth
- Molecular Cardiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anja Bühler
- Molecular Cardiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Steven Rudeck
- Molecular Cardiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tillman Dahme
- Department of Medicine II, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Rottbauer
- Department of Medicine II, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- * E-mail: (SJ); (WR)
| | - Steffen Just
- Molecular Cardiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- * E-mail: (SJ); (WR)
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Monteiro DA, Kalinin AL, Selistre-de-Araujo HS, Vasconcelos ES, Rantin FT. Alternagin-C (ALT-C), a disintegrin-like protein from Rhinocerophis alternatus snake venom promotes positive inotropism and chronotropism in fish heart. Toxicon 2015; 110:1-11. [PMID: 26615089 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alternagin-C (ALT-C) is a disintegrin-like protein purified from the venom of the snake, Rhinocerophis alternatus. Recent studies showed that ALT-C is able to induce vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression, endothelial cell proliferation and migration, angiogenesis and to increase myoblast viability. This peptide, therefore, can play a crucial role in tissue regeneration mechanisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a single dose of alternagin-C (0.5 mg kg(-1), via intra-arterial) on in vitro cardiac function of the freshwater fish traíra, Hoplias malabaricus, after 7 days. ALT-C treatment increased the cardiac performance promoting: 1) significant increases in the contraction force and in the rates of contraction and relaxation with concomitant decreases in the values of time to the peak tension and time to half- and 90% relaxation; 2) improvement in the cardiac pumping capacity and maximal electrical stimulation frequency, shifting the optimum frequency curve upward and to the right; 3) increases in myocardial VEGF levels and expression of key Ca(2+)-cycling proteins such as SERCA (sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase), PLB (phospholamban), and NCX (Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger); 4) abolishment of the typical negative force-frequency relationship of fish myocardium. In conclusion, this study indicates that ALT-C improves cardiac function, by increasing Ca(2+) handling efficiency leading to a positive inotropism and chronotropism. The results suggest that ALT-C may lead to better cardiac output regulation indicating its potential application in therapies for cardiac contractile dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Monteiro
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - A L Kalinin
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - H S Selistre-de-Araujo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E S Vasconcelos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F T Rantin
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Woitek F, Zentilin L, Hoffman NE, Powers JC, Ottiger I, Parikh S, Kulczycki AM, Hurst M, Ring N, Wang T, Shaikh F, Gross P, Singh H, Kolpakov MA, Linke A, Houser SR, Rizzo V, Sabri A, Madesh M, Giacca M, Recchia FA. Intracoronary Cytoprotective Gene Therapy: A Study of VEGF-B167 in a Pre-Clinical Animal Model of Dilated Cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015; 66:139-53. [PMID: 26160630 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.04.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-B activates cytoprotective/antiapoptotic and minimally angiogenic mechanisms via VEGF receptors. Therefore, VEGF-B might be an ideal candidate for the treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy, which displays modest microvascular rarefaction and increased rate of apoptosis. OBJECTIVES This study evaluated VEGF-B gene therapy in a canine model of tachypacing-induced dilated cardiomyopathy. METHODS Chronically instrumented dogs underwent cardiac tachypacing for 28 days. Adeno-associated virus serotype 9 viral vectors carrying VEGF-B167 genes were infused intracoronarily at the beginning of the pacing protocol or during compensated heart failure. Moreover, we tested a novel VEGF-B167 transgene controlled by the atrial natriuretic factor promoter. RESULTS Compared with control subjects, VEGF-B167 markedly preserved diastolic and contractile function and attenuated ventricular chamber remodeling, halting the progression from compensated to decompensated heart failure. Atrial natriuretic factor-VEGF-B167 expression was low in normally functioning hearts and stimulated by cardiac pacing; it thus functioned as an ideal therapeutic transgene, active only under pathological conditions. CONCLUSIONS Our results, obtained with a standard technique of interventional cardiology in a clinically relevant animal model, support VEGF-B167 gene transfer as an affordable and effective new therapy for nonischemic heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Woitek
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; University of Leipzig-Heart Center, Department of Cardiology/Internal Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lorena Zentilin
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Nicholas E Hoffman
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jeffery C Powers
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Isabel Ottiger
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; University of Leipzig-Heart Center, Department of Cardiology/Internal Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Suraj Parikh
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Anna M Kulczycki
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Marykathryn Hurst
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nadja Ring
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Tao Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Farah Shaikh
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Polina Gross
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Harinder Singh
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mikhail A Kolpakov
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Axel Linke
- University of Leipzig-Heart Center, Department of Cardiology/Internal Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Steven R Houser
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Victor Rizzo
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Abdelkarim Sabri
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Muniswamy Madesh
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mauro Giacca
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Fabio A Recchia
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.
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Frese KS, Meder B, Keller A, Just S, Haas J, Vogel B, Fischer S, Backes C, Matzas M, Köhler D, Benes V, Katus HA, Rottbauer W. RNA splicing regulated by RBFOX1 is essential for cardiac function in zebrafish. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:3030-40. [PMID: 26116573 PMCID: PMC4541041 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.166850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing is one of the major mechanisms through which the proteomic and functional diversity of eukaryotes is achieved. However, the complex nature of the splicing machinery, its associated splicing regulators and the functional implications of alternatively spliced transcripts are only poorly understood. Here, we investigated the functional role of the splicing regulator rbfox1 in vivo using the zebrafish as a model system. We found that loss of rbfox1 led to progressive cardiac contractile dysfunction and heart failure. By using deep-transcriptome sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR, we show that depletion of rbfox1 in zebrafish results in an altered isoform expression of several crucial target genes, such as actn3a and hug. This study underlines that tightly regulated splicing is necessary for unconstrained cardiac function and renders the splicing regulator rbfox1 an interesting target for investigation in human heart failure and cardiomyopathy. Summary: The zebrafish splicing regulator rbfox1 is necessary for tightly regulated splicing and unconstrained cardiac function, making it an interesting candidate for targeting during human cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen S Frese
- Department of Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Meder
- Department of Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Keller
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany Department of Human Genetics, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Steffen Just
- Department of Medicine II, University of Ulm, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Jan Haas
- Department of Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Britta Vogel
- Department of Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon Fischer
- Department of Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christina Backes
- Department of Human Genetics, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Mark Matzas
- Comprehensive Biomarker Center, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Doreen Köhler
- Department of Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vladimir Benes
- EMBL, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genomics Core Facility, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hugo A Katus
- Department of Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Bührdel JB, Hirth S, Kessler M, Westphal S, Forster M, Manta L, Wiche G, Schoser B, Schessl J, Schröder R, Clemen CS, Eichinger L, Fürst DO, van der Ven PFM, Rottbauer W, Just S. In vivo characterization of human myofibrillar myopathy genes in zebrafish. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 461:217-23. [PMID: 25866181 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.03.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Myofibrillar myopathies (MFM) are progressive diseases of human heart and skeletal muscle with a severe impact on life quality and expectancy of affected patients. Although recently several disease genes for myofibrillar myopathies could be identified, today most genetic causes and particularly the associated mechanisms and signaling events that lead from the mutation to the disease phenotype are still mostly unknown. To assess whether the zebrafish is a suitable model system to validate MFM candidate genes using targeted antisense-mediated knock-down strategies, we here specifically inactivated known human MFM disease genes and evaluated the resulting muscular and cardiac phenotypes functionally and structurally. Consistently, targeted ablation of MFM genes in zebrafish led to compromised skeletal muscle function mostly due to myofibrillar degeneration as well as severe heart failure. Similar to what was shown in MFM patients, MFM gene-deficient zebrafish showed pronounced gene-specific phenotypic and structural differences. In summary, our results indicate that the zebrafish is a suitable model to functionally and structurally evaluate novel MFM disease genes in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- John B Bührdel
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Sofia Hirth
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Mirjam Kessler
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Sören Westphal
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Monika Forster
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Linda Manta
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Gerhard Wiche
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Benedikt Schoser
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Baur-Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Joachim Schessl
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Baur-Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Rolf Schröder
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph S Clemen
- Institute for Biochemistry I, University of Cologne, 50931 Köln, Germany
| | - Ludwig Eichinger
- Institute for Biochemistry I, University of Cologne, 50931 Köln, Germany
| | - Dieter O Fürst
- Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Rottbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Steffen Just
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
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Shi L, Ko S, Ko ML, Kim AJ, Ko GYP. Peptide Lv augments L-type voltage-gated calcium channels through vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) signaling. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1853:1154-64. [PMID: 25698653 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We previously identified peptide Lv, a novel bioactive peptide that enhances the activity of L-type voltage-gated calcium channels (L-VGCCs) in cone photoreceptors. In this study, we verified that peptide Lv was able to augment L-VGCC currents in cardiomyocytes, as well as promote proliferation of endothelial cells. We used a proteomics approach to determine the specific receptors and binding partners of peptide Lv and found that vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) interacted with peptide Lv. Peptide Lv treatment in embryonic cardiomyocytes stimulated tyrosine autophosphorylation of VEGFR2 and activated its downstream signaling. Peptide Lv activity was blocked by DMH4, a VEGFR2 specific blocker, but not by SCH202676, an allosteric inhibitor of G protein-coupled receptors, suggesting that the activity of peptide Lv was mediated through VEGFR2 signaling. Inhibition of VEGFR tyrosine kinase or its downstream signaling molecules abolished the augmentation of L-VGCCs elicited by peptide Lv in cardiomyocytes. In addition, peptide Lv promoted cell proliferation of cultured human endothelial cells. Calcium entry through L-VGCCs is essential for excitation-contraction coupling in cardiomyocytes. Since peptide Lv was able to augment L-VGCCs through activation of VEGF signaling in cardiomyocytes and promote proliferation of endothelial cells, peptide Lv may play an important role in regulating the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liheng Shi
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4458, USA
| | - Soyoung Ko
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael L Ko
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4458, USA
| | - Andy Jeesu Kim
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4458, USA
| | - Gladys Y-P Ko
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4458, USA; Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience, USA.
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Chen M, Chen S, Du M, Tang S, Chen M, Wang W, Yang H, Chen Q, Chen J. Toxic effect of palladium on embryonic development of zebrafish. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 159:208-16. [PMID: 25550166 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Since palladium (Pd) is now increasingly used in modern industry, it progressively accumulates in the environment, especially in aquatic ecosystem. The potential toxicity of Pd has therefore caused extensive concern worldwidely. In the present study, we investigated the toxic effect of Pd on zebrafish development. Acute Pd exposure significantly decreased both the survival rate (LC50: 292.6 μg/L, viz. 2.75 μM) and hatching rate (IC50: 181.5 μg/L, viz. 1.71 μM) of zebrafish during embryonic development. The most common developmental defect observed in Pd treated embryos is pericardiac edema, which occurs in a dose-dependent manner. Whole mount immunostaining and histological studies revealed that Pd exposure would produce the elongated, string-like heart. The heartbeat rate of zebrafish embryos was also decreased after Pd exposure. Consistently, mRNA expression levels of several cardiac-related genes were affected by Pd, suggesting a potential molecular mechanism of Pd-induced cardiac malformation of zebrafish embryo. Moreover, similar to other metals, Pd exposure resulted in the elevated expression of general metal-inducible genes. It was also found that the expression of several antioxidant enzymes was significantly down-regulated in the presence of Pd. Taken together, our study investigated the effects of Pd on zebrafish embryonic development and its potential molecular mechanisms, paving the way for the full understanding of Pd toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, 184 University Road, Xiamen 361005, Fujian Province, China
| | - Sangxia Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, 184 University Road, Xiamen 361005, Fujian Province, China
| | - Mi Du
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, 184 University Road, Xiamen 361005, Fujian Province, China
| | - Shaoheng Tang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 422 South Siming Road, Xiamen 361005, Fujian Province, China
| | - Mei Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 422 South Siming Road, Xiamen 361005, Fujian Province, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, 184 University Road, Xiamen 361005, Fujian Province, China
| | - Hui Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, 184 University Road, Xiamen 361005, Fujian Province, China
| | - Qiaoyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, 184 University Road, Xiamen 361005, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, 184 University Road, Xiamen 361005, Fujian Province, China.
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Constitutive BDNF/TrkB signaling is required for normal cardiac contraction and relaxation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:1880-5. [PMID: 25583515 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1417949112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BDNF and its associated tropomyosin-related kinase receptor B (TrkB) nurture vessels and nerves serving the heart. However, the direct effect of BDNF/TrkB signaling on the myocardium is poorly understood. Here we report that cardiac-specific TrkB knockout mice (TrkB(-/-)) display impaired cardiac contraction and relaxation, showing that BDNF/TrkB signaling acts constitutively to sustain in vivo myocardial performance. BDNF enhances normal cardiomyocyte Ca(2+) cycling, contractility, and relaxation via Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII). Conversely, failing myocytes, which have increased truncated TrkB lacking tyrosine kinase activity and chronically activated CaMKII, are insensitive to BDNF. Thus, BDNF/TrkB signaling represents a previously unidentified pathway by which the peripheral nervous system directly and tonically influences myocardial function in parallel with β-adrenergic control. Deficits in this system are likely additional contributors to acute and chronic cardiac dysfunction.
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45
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Tsai CY, Chua S, Leu S, Chang AYW, Chan JYH, Chan SHH. VEGF tonically sustains myocardial performance via fetal liver kinase-1 in the heart. Int J Cardiol 2014; 177:727-30. [PMID: 25456694 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Carroll KJ, North TE. Oceans of opportunity: exploring vertebrate hematopoiesis in zebrafish. Exp Hematol 2014; 42:684-96. [PMID: 24816275 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Exploitation of the zebrafish model in hematology research has surged in recent years, becoming one of the most useful and tractable systems for understanding regulation of hematopoietic development, homeostasis, and malignancy. Despite the evolutionary distance between zebrafish and humans, remarkable genetic and phenotypic conservation in the hematopoietic system has enabled significant advancements in our understanding of blood stem and progenitor cell biology. The strengths of zebrafish in hematology research lie in the ability to perform real-time in vivo observations of hematopoietic stem, progenitor, and effector cell emergence, expansion, and function, as well as the ease with which novel genetic and chemical modifiers of specific hematopoietic processes or cell types can be identified and characterized. Further, myriad transgenic lines have been developed including fluorescent reporter systems to aid in the visualization and quantification of specified cell types of interest and cell-lineage relationships, as well as effector lines that can be used to implement a wide range of experimental manipulations. As our understanding of the complex nature of blood stem and progenitor cell biology during development, in response to infection or injury, or in the setting of hematologic malignancy continues to deepen, zebrafish will remain essential for exploring the spatiotemporal organization and integration of these fundamental processes, as well as the identification of efficacious small molecule modifiers of hematopoietic activity. In this review, we discuss the biology of the zebrafish hematopoietic system, including similarities and differences from mammals, and highlight important tools currently utilized in zebrafish embryos and adults to enhance our understanding of vertebrate hematology, with emphasis on findings that have impacted our understanding of the onset or treatment of human hematologic disorders and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli J Carroll
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Trista E North
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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47
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Wilkinson RN, Jopling C, van Eeden FJM. Zebrafish as a model of cardiac disease. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2014; 124:65-91. [PMID: 24751427 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-386930-2.00004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The zebrafish has been rapidly adopted as a model for cardiac development and disease. The transparency of the embryo, its limited requirement for active oxygen delivery, and ease of use in genetic manipulations and chemical exposure have made it a powerful alternative to rodents. Novel technologies like TALEN/CRISPR-mediated genome engineering and advanced imaging methods will only accelerate its use. Here, we give an overview of heart development and function in the fish and highlight a number of areas where it is most actively contributing to the understanding of cardiac development and disease. We also review the current state of research on a feature that we only could wish to be conserved between fish and human; cardiac regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert N Wilkinson
- Department of Cardiovascular Science, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Jopling
- CNRS, UMR-5203, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Département de Physiologie, Labex Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Montpellier, France; INSERM, U661, Montpellier, France; Universités de Montpellier 1&2, UMR-5203, Montpellier, France
| | - Fredericus J M van Eeden
- MRC Centre for Biomedical Genetics, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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48
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Hsiao ST, Dilley RJ, Dusting GJ, Lim SY. Ischemic preconditioning for cell-based therapy and tissue engineering. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 142:141-53. [PMID: 24321597 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell- and tissue-based therapies are innovative strategies to repair and regenerate injured hearts. Despite major advances achieved in optimizing these strategies in terms of cell source and delivery method, the clinical outcome of cell-based therapy remains unsatisfactory. The non-genetic approach of ischemic/hypoxic preconditioning to enhance cell- and tissue-based therapies has received much attention in recent years due to its non-invasive drug-free application. Here we discuss the current development of hypoxic/ischemic preconditioning to enhance stem cell-based cardiac repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah T Hsiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Science, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Rodney J Dilley
- Ear Science Institute Australia and Ear Sciences Centre, School of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gregory J Dusting
- Centre for Eye Research Australia and Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia; O'Brien Institute, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shiang Y Lim
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia; O'Brien Institute, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia.
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Ba Q, Duan J, Tian JQ, Wang ZL, Chen T, Li XG, Chen PZ, Wu SJ, Xiang L, Li JQ, Chu RA, Wang H. Dihydroartemisinin promotes angiogenesis during the early embryonic development of zebrafish. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2013; 34:1101-7. [PMID: 23708556 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2013.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the embryotoxicity of dihydroartemisinin (DHA), the main active metabolite of artemisinin, in zebrafish, and explore the corresponding mechanisms. METHODS The embryos of wild type and TG (flk1:GFP) transgenic zebrafish were exposed to DHA. Developmental phenotypes of the embryos were observed. Development of blood vessels was directly observed in living embryos of TG (flk1:GFP) transgenic zebrafish under fluorescence microscope. The expression of angiogenesis marker genes vegfa, flk1, and flt1 in the embryos was detected using real-time PCR and RNA in situ hybridization assays. RESULTS Exposure to DHA (1-10 mg/L) dose-dependently caused abnormal zebrafish embryonic phenotypes in the early developmental stage. Furthermore, exposure to DHA (10 mg/L) resulted in more pronounced embryonic angiogenesis in TG (flk1:GFP) zebrafish line. Exposure to DHA (10 mg/L) significantly increased the mRNA expression of vegfa, flk1, and flt1 in the embryos. Knockdown of the flk1 protein partially blocked the effects of DHA on embryogenesis. CONCLUSION DHA causes abnormal embryonic phenotypes and promotes angiogenesis in zebrafish early embryonic development, demonstrating the potential embryotoxicity of DHA.
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Abstract
Phosphoinositides (PIs) make up only a small fraction of cellular phospholipids, yet they control almost all aspects of a cell's life and death. These lipids gained tremendous research interest as plasma membrane signaling molecules when discovered in the 1970s and 1980s. Research in the last 15 years has added a wide range of biological processes regulated by PIs, turning these lipids into one of the most universal signaling entities in eukaryotic cells. PIs control organelle biology by regulating vesicular trafficking, but they also modulate lipid distribution and metabolism via their close relationship with lipid transfer proteins. PIs regulate ion channels, pumps, and transporters and control both endocytic and exocytic processes. The nuclear phosphoinositides have grown from being an epiphenomenon to a research area of its own. As expected from such pleiotropic regulators, derangements of phosphoinositide metabolism are responsible for a number of human diseases ranging from rare genetic disorders to the most common ones such as cancer, obesity, and diabetes. Moreover, it is increasingly evident that a number of infectious agents hijack the PI regulatory systems of host cells for their intracellular movements, replication, and assembly. As a result, PI converting enzymes began to be noticed by pharmaceutical companies as potential therapeutic targets. This review is an attempt to give an overview of this enormous research field focusing on major developments in diverse areas of basic science linked to cellular physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Balla
- Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Program for Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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