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Xu Y, Mao S, Fan H, Wan J, Wang L, Zhang M, Zhu S, Yuan J, Lu Y, Wang Z, Yu B, Jiang Z, Huang Y. LINC MIR503HG Controls SC-β Cell Differentiation and Insulin Production by Targeting CDH1 and HES1. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305631. [PMID: 38243869 PMCID: PMC10987150 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Stem cell-derived pancreatic progenitors (SC-PPs), as an unlimited source of SC-derived β (SC-β) cells, offers a robust tool for diabetes treatment in stem cell-based transplantation, disease modeling, and drug screening. Whereas, PDX1+/NKX6.1+ PPs enhances the subsequent endocrine lineage specification and gives rise to glucose-responsive SC-β cells in vivo and in vitro. To identify the regulators that promote induction efficiency and cellular function maturation, single-cell RNA-sequencing is performed to decipher the transcriptional landscape during PPs differentiation. The comprehensive evaluation of functionality demonstrated that manipulating LINC MIR503HG using CRISPR in PP cell fate decision can improve insulin synthesis and secretion in mature SC-β cells, without effects on liver lineage specification. Importantly, transplantation of MIR503HG-/- SC-β cells in recipients significantly restored blood glucose homeostasis, accompanied by serum C-peptide release and an increase in body weight. Mechanistically, by releasing CtBP1 occupying the CDH1 and HES1 promoters, the decrease in MIR503HG expression levels provided an excellent extracellular niche and appropriate Notch signaling activation for PPs following differentiation. Furthermore, this exhibited higher crucial transcription factors and mature epithelial markers in CDH1High expressed clusters. Altogether, these findings highlighted MIR503HG as an essential and exclusive PP cell fate specification regulator with promising therapeutic potential for patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityMedical School of Nantong UniversityNantong226001China
- Center of Gallbladder DiseaseShanghai East HospitalInstitute of Gallstone DiseaseSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200092China
- Research Center of Clinical MedicineAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityMedical School of Nantong UniversityNantong226001China
| | - Susu Mao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of EducationNMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology ProductsCo‐innovation Center of NeuroregenerationNantong UniversityNantong226001China
| | - Haowen Fan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityMedical School of Nantong UniversityNantong226001China
- Research Center of Clinical MedicineAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityMedical School of Nantong UniversityNantong226001China
| | - Jian Wan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityMedical School of Nantong UniversityNantong226001China
- Research Center of Clinical MedicineAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityMedical School of Nantong UniversityNantong226001China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityMedical School of Nantong UniversityNantong226001China
- Department of Graduate SchoolDalian Medical UniversityDalianLiaoning116000China
| | - Mingyu Zhang
- Department of Nuclear MedicineBeijing Friendship HospitalAffiliated to Capital Medical UniversityBeijing100050China
| | - Shajun Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityMedical School of Nantong UniversityNantong226001China
| | - Jin Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityMedical School of Nantong UniversityNantong226001China
| | - Yuhua Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityMedical School of Nantong UniversityNantong226001China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityMedical School of Nantong UniversityNantong226001China
| | - Bin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of EducationNMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology ProductsCo‐innovation Center of NeuroregenerationNantong UniversityNantong226001China
| | - Zhaoyan Jiang
- Center of Gallbladder DiseaseShanghai East HospitalInstitute of Gallstone DiseaseSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200092China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityMedical School of Nantong UniversityNantong226001China
- Research Center of Clinical MedicineAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityMedical School of Nantong UniversityNantong226001China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of EducationNMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology ProductsCo‐innovation Center of NeuroregenerationNantong UniversityNantong226001China
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Darrigrand JF, Salowka A, Torres-Cano A, Tapia-Rojo R, Zhu T, Garcia-Manyes S, Spagnoli FM. Acinar-ductal cell rearrangement drives branching morphogenesis of the murine pancreas in an IGF/PI3K-dependent manner. Dev Cell 2024; 59:326-338.e5. [PMID: 38237591 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
During organ formation, progenitor cells need to acquire different cell identities and organize themselves into distinct structural units. How these processes are coordinated and how tissue architecture(s) is preserved despite the dramatic cell rearrangements occurring in developing organs remain unclear. Here, we identified cellular rearrangements between acinar and ductal progenitors as a mechanism to drive branching morphogenesis in the pancreas while preserving the integrity of the acinar-ductal functional unit. Using ex vivo and in vivo mouse models, we found that pancreatic ductal cells form clefts by protruding and pulling on the acinar basement membrane, which leads to acini splitting. Newly formed acini remain connected to the bifurcated branches generated by ductal cell rearrangement. Insulin growth factor (IGF)/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway finely regulates this process by controlling pancreatic ductal tissue fluidity, with a simultaneous impact on branching and cell fate acquisition. Together, our results explain how acinar structure multiplication and branch bifurcation are synchronized during pancreas organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Francois Darrigrand
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, Great Maze Pond, SE1 9RT London, UK
| | - Anna Salowka
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, Great Maze Pond, SE1 9RT London, UK
| | - Alejo Torres-Cano
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, Great Maze Pond, SE1 9RT London, UK
| | - Rafael Tapia-Rojo
- Department of Physics, London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Tong Zhu
- Department of Physics, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Centre for the Physical Science of Life and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, London, UK; Single-Molecule Mechanobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Sergi Garcia-Manyes
- Department of Physics, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Centre for the Physical Science of Life and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, London, UK; Single-Molecule Mechanobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Francesca M Spagnoli
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, Great Maze Pond, SE1 9RT London, UK.
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3
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Cota P, Caliskan ÖS, Bastidas-Ponce A, Jing C, Jaki J, Saber L, Czarnecki O, Taskin D, Blöchinger AK, Kurth T, Sterr M, Burtscher I, Krahmer N, Lickert H, Bakhti M. Insulin regulates human pancreatic endocrine cell differentiation in vitro. Mol Metab 2024; 79:101853. [PMID: 38103636 PMCID: PMC10765254 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The consequences of mutations in genes associated with monogenic forms of diabetes on human pancreas development cannot be studied in a time-resolved fashion in vivo. More specifically, if recessive mutations in the insulin gene influence human pancreatic endocrine lineage formation is still an unresolved question. METHODS To model the extremely reduced insulin levels in patients with recessive insulin gene mutations, we generated a novel knock-in H2B-Cherry reporter human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line expressing no insulin upon differentiation to stem cell-derived (SC-) β cells in vitro. Differentiation of iPSCs into the pancreatic and endocrine lineage, combined with immunostaining, Western blotting and proteomics analysis phenotypically characterized the insulin gene deficiency in SC-islets. Furthermore, we leveraged FACS analysis and confocal microscopy to explore the impact of insulin shortage on human endocrine cell induction, composition, differentiation and proliferation. RESULTS Interestingly, insulin-deficient SC-islets exhibited low insulin receptor (IR) signaling when stimulated with glucose but displayed increased IR sensitivity upon treatment with exogenous insulin. Furthermore, insulin shortage did not alter neurogenin-3 (NGN3)-mediated endocrine lineage induction. Nevertheless, lack of insulin skewed the SC-islet cell composition with an increased number in SC-β cell formation at the expense of SC-α cells. Finally, insulin deficiency reduced the rate of SC-β cell proliferation but had no impact on the expansion of SC-α cells. CONCLUSIONS Using iPSC disease modelling, we provide first evidence of insulin function in human pancreatic endocrine lineage formation. These findings help to better understand the phenotypic impact of recessive insulin gene mutations during pancreas development and shed light on insulin gene function beside its physiological role in blood glucose regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perla Cota
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Özüm Sehnaz Caliskan
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Aimée Bastidas-Ponce
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Changying Jing
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Munich medical research school (MMRS), Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Jessica Jaki
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lama Saber
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Czarnecki
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Damla Taskin
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anna Karolina Blöchinger
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Kurth
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technology Platform Core Facility Electron Microscopy and Histology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Sterr
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ingo Burtscher
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Natalie Krahmer
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Heiko Lickert
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany.
| | - Mostafa Bakhti
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.
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4
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Bohuslavova R, Fabriciova V, Smolik O, Lebrón-Mora L, Abaffy P, Benesova S, Zucha D, Valihrach L, Berkova Z, Saudek F, Pavlinkova G. NEUROD1 reinforces endocrine cell fate acquisition in pancreatic development. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5554. [PMID: 37689751 PMCID: PMC10492842 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41306-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
NEUROD1 is a transcription factor that helps maintain a mature phenotype of pancreatic β cells. Disruption of Neurod1 during pancreatic development causes severe neonatal diabetes; however, the exact role of NEUROD1 in the differentiation programs of endocrine cells is unknown. Here, we report a crucial role of the NEUROD1 regulatory network in endocrine lineage commitment and differentiation. Mechanistically, transcriptome and chromatin landscape analyses demonstrate that Neurod1 inactivation triggers a downregulation of endocrine differentiation transcription factors and upregulation of non-endocrine genes within the Neurod1-deficient endocrine cell population, disturbing endocrine identity acquisition. Neurod1 deficiency altered the H3K27me3 histone modification pattern in promoter regions of differentially expressed genes, which resulted in gene regulatory network changes in the differentiation pathway of endocrine cells, compromising endocrine cell potential, differentiation, and functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romana Bohuslavova
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathogenetics, Institute of Biotechnology CAS, 25250, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Valeria Fabriciova
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathogenetics, Institute of Biotechnology CAS, 25250, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Ondrej Smolik
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathogenetics, Institute of Biotechnology CAS, 25250, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Laura Lebrón-Mora
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathogenetics, Institute of Biotechnology CAS, 25250, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Pavel Abaffy
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Institute of Biotechnology CAS, 25250, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Sarka Benesova
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Institute of Biotechnology CAS, 25250, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Daniel Zucha
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Institute of Biotechnology CAS, 25250, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Lukas Valihrach
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Institute of Biotechnology CAS, 25250, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Zuzana Berkova
- Diabetes Centre, Experimental Medicine Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 14021, Prague, Czechia
| | - Frantisek Saudek
- Diabetes Centre, Experimental Medicine Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 14021, Prague, Czechia
| | - Gabriela Pavlinkova
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathogenetics, Institute of Biotechnology CAS, 25250, Vestec, Czechia.
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5
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Mi J, Liu KC, Andersson O. Decoding pancreatic endocrine cell differentiation and β cell regeneration in zebrafish. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf5142. [PMID: 37595046 PMCID: PMC10438462 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf5142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to mice, zebrafish have an exceptional yet elusive ability to replenish lost β cells in adulthood. Understanding this framework would provide mechanistic insights for β cell regeneration, which may be extrapolated to humans. Here, we characterize a krt4-expressing ductal cell type, which is distinct from the putative Notch-responsive cells, showing neogenic competence and giving rise to the majority of endocrine cells during postembryonic development. Furthermore, we demonstrate a marked ductal remodeling process featuring a Notch-responsive to krt4+ luminal duct transformation during late development, indicating several origins of krt4+ ductal cells displaying similar transcriptional patterns. Single-cell transcriptomics upon a series of time points during β cell regeneration unveil a previously unrecognized dlb+ transitional endocrine precursor cell, distinct regulons, and a differentiation trajectory involving cellular shuffling through differentiation and dedifferentiation dynamics. These results establish a model of zebrafish pancreatic endocrinogenesis and highlight key values of zebrafish for translational studies of β cell regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ka-Cheuk Liu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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6
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Barlow HR, Ahuja N, Bierschenk T, Htike Y, Fassetta L, Azizoglu DB, Flores J, Gao N, de la O S, Sneddon JB, Marciano DK, Cleaver O. Rab11 is essential to pancreas morphogenesis, lumen formation and endocrine mass. Dev Biol 2023; 499:59-74. [PMID: 37172642 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The molecular links between tissue-level morphogenesis and the differentiation of cell lineages in the pancreas remain elusive despite a decade of studies. We previously showed that in pancreas both processes depend on proper lumenogenesis. The Rab GTPase Rab11 is essential for epithelial lumen formation in vitro, however few studies have addressed its functions in vivo and none have tested its requirement in pancreas. Here, we show that Rab11 is critical for proper pancreas development. Co-deletion of the Rab11 isoforms Rab11A and Rab11B in the developing pancreatic epithelium (Rab11pancDKO) results in ∼50% neonatal lethality and surviving adult Rab11pancDKO mice exhibit defective endocrine function. Loss of both Rab11A and Rab11B in the embryonic pancreas results in morphogenetic defects of the epithelium, including defective lumen formation and lumen interconnection. In contrast to wildtype cells, Rab11pancDKO cells initiate the formation of multiple ectopic lumens, resulting in a failure to coordinate a single apical membrane initiation site (AMIS) between groups of cells. This results in a failure to form ducts with continuous lumens. Here, we show that these defects are due to failures in vesicle trafficking, as apical and junctional components remain trapped within Rab11pancDKO cells. Together, these observations suggest that Rab11 directly regulates epithelial lumen formation and morphogenesis. Our report links intracellular trafficking to organ morphogenesis in vivo and presents a novel framework for decoding pancreatic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley R Barlow
- Department of Molecular Biology, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, USA.
| | - Neha Ahuja
- Department of Molecular Biology, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, USA
| | - Tyler Bierschenk
- Department of Molecular Biology, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, USA
| | - Yadanar Htike
- Department of Molecular Biology, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, USA
| | - Luke Fassetta
- Department of Molecular Biology, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, USA
| | - D Berfin Azizoglu
- Department of Developmental Biology, Beckman Center, 279 W. Campus Drive, B300, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Juan Flores
- Rutgers University Microbiome Program, 679 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Nan Gao
- Rutgers University Microbiome Program, 679 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Sean de la O
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, Department of Anatomy, Diabetes Center, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Julie B Sneddon
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, Department of Anatomy, Diabetes Center, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Denise K Marciano
- Internal Medicine and Nephrology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Ondine Cleaver
- Department of Molecular Biology, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, USA.
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7
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Szlachcic WJ, Letai KC, Scavuzzo MA, Borowiak M. Deep into the niche: Deciphering local endoderm-microenvironment interactions in development, homeostasis, and disease of pancreas and intestine. Bioessays 2023; 45:e2200186. [PMID: 36871153 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202200186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Unraveling molecular and functional heterogeneity of niche cells within the developing endoderm could resolve mechanisms of tissue formation and maturation. Here, we discuss current unknowns in molecular mechanisms underlying key developmental events in pancreatic islet and intestinal epithelial formation. Recent breakthroughs in single-cell and spatial transcriptomics, paralleled with functional studies in vitro, reveal that specialized mesenchymal subtypes drive the formation and maturation of pancreatic endocrine cells and islets via local interactions with epithelium, neurons, and microvessels. Analogous to this, distinct intestinal niche cells regulate both epithelial development and homeostasis throughout life. We propose how this knowledge can be used to progress research in the human context using pluripotent stem cell-derived multilineage organoids. Overall, understanding the interactions between the multitude of microenvironmental cells and how they drive tissue development and function could help us make more therapeutically relevant in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech J Szlachcic
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Katherine C Letai
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Marissa A Scavuzzo
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Malgorzata Borowiak
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
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8
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Duvall E, Benitez CM, Tellez K, Enge M, Pauerstein PT, Li L, Baek S, Quake SR, Smith JP, Sheffield NC, Kim SK, Arda HE. Single-cell transcriptome and accessible chromatin dynamics during endocrine pancreas development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2201267119. [PMID: 35733248 PMCID: PMC9245718 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2201267119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Delineating gene regulatory networks that orchestrate cell-type specification is a continuing challenge for developmental biologists. Single-cell analyses offer opportunities to address these challenges and accelerate discovery of rare cell lineage relationships and mechanisms underlying hierarchical lineage decisions. Here, we describe the molecular analysis of mouse pancreatic endocrine cell differentiation using single-cell transcriptomics, chromatin accessibility assays coupled to genetic labeling, and cytometry-based cell purification. We uncover transcription factor networks that delineate β-, α-, and δ-cell lineages. Through genomic footprint analysis, we identify transcription factor-regulatory DNA interactions governing pancreatic cell development at unprecedented resolution. Our analysis suggests that the transcription factor Neurog3 may act as a pioneer transcription factor to specify the pancreatic endocrine lineage. These findings could improve protocols to generate replacement endocrine cells from renewable sources, like stem cells, for diabetes therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Duvall
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Cecil M. Benitez
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Krissie Tellez
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Martin Enge
- Department of Bioengineering and Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Philip T. Pauerstein
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Lingyu Li
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Songjoon Baek
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Stephen R. Quake
- Department of Bioengineering and Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Jason P. Smith
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Nathan C. Sheffield
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Seung K. Kim
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - H. Efsun Arda
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
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9
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Glorieux L, Sapala A, Willnow D, Moulis M, Salowka A, Darrigrand JF, Edri S, Schonblum A, Sakhneny L, Schaumann L, Gómez HF, Lang C, Conrad L, Guillemot F, Levenberg S, Landsman L, Iber D, Pierreux CE, Spagnoli FM. Development of a 3D atlas of the embryonic pancreas for topological and quantitative analysis of heterologous cell interactions. Development 2022; 149:274013. [PMID: 35037942 PMCID: PMC8918780 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Generating comprehensive image maps, while preserving spatial three-dimensional (3D) context, is essential in order to locate and assess quantitatively specific cellular features and cell-cell interactions during organ development. Despite recent advances in 3D imaging approaches, our current knowledge of the spatial organization of distinct cell types in the embryonic pancreatic tissue is still largely based on two-dimensional histological sections. Here, we present a light-sheet fluorescence microscopy approach to image the pancreas in three dimensions and map tissue interactions at key time points in the mouse embryo. We demonstrate the utility of the approach by providing volumetric data, 3D distribution of three main cellular components (epithelial, mesenchymal and endothelial cells) within the developing pancreas, and quantification of their relative cellular abundance within the tissue. Interestingly, our 3D images show that endocrine cells are constantly and increasingly in contact with endothelial cells forming small vessels, whereas the interactions with mesenchymal cells decrease over time. These findings suggest distinct cell-cell interaction requirements for early endocrine cell specification and late differentiation. Lastly, we combine our image data in an open-source online repository (referred to as the Pancreas Embryonic Cell Atlas). Summary: A light-sheet fluorescence microscopy approach is used for 3D imaging of the pancreas and to quantitatively map its interactions with surrounding tissues at key development time points in the mouse embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Glorieux
- Cell Biology Unit, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Woluwe 1200, Belgium
| | - Aleksandra Sapala
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering (D-BSSE), ETH Zurich, Basel 4058, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | - David Willnow
- Centre for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Manon Moulis
- Cell Biology Unit, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Woluwe 1200, Belgium
| | - Anna Salowka
- Centre for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Jean-Francois Darrigrand
- Centre for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Shlomit Edri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Anat Schonblum
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Lina Sakhneny
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Laura Schaumann
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering (D-BSSE), ETH Zurich, Basel 4058, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | - Harold F Gómez
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering (D-BSSE), ETH Zurich, Basel 4058, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | - Christine Lang
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering (D-BSSE), ETH Zurich, Basel 4058, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | - Lisa Conrad
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering (D-BSSE), ETH Zurich, Basel 4058, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | | | - Shulamit Levenberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Limor Landsman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Dagmar Iber
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering (D-BSSE), ETH Zurich, Basel 4058, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | | | - Francesca M Spagnoli
- Centre for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
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10
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Ahuja N, Cleaver O. The cell cortex as mediator of pancreatic epithelial development and endocrine differentiation. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2022; 72:118-127. [PMID: 34929610 PMCID: PMC8915777 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Organogenesis is the complex process of cells coordinating their own proliferation with changes to their shape, cell migration and cell-cell signaling, so that they transform into a three dimensional functional tissue, with its own custom range of differentiated cell types. Understanding when and where critical signals emanate from, and how those signals are transduced and interpreted, is the fundamental challenge of developmental biology. Here, we review recent findings regarding how progenitor cells interpret cues during pancreatic morphogenesis and how they coordinate cell fate determination. Recent evidence suggests that molecules located in the cell cortex play a crticial role in determining cellular behavior during pancreatic morphogenesis. Specifically, we find that control of cell adhesion, polarity, and constriction are all integral to both initiation of epithelial development and to later cell differentiation. Here, we review key molecules that coordinate these processes and suggest that the cell cortex acts as a signaling center that relays cues during pancreas development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Ahuja
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ondine Cleaver
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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11
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Rovira M, Atla G, Maestro MA, Grau V, García-Hurtado J, Maqueda M, Mosquera JL, Yamada Y, Kerr-Conte J, Pattou F, Ferrer J. REST is a major negative regulator of endocrine differentiation during pancreas organogenesis. Genes Dev 2021; 35:1229-1242. [PMID: 34385258 PMCID: PMC8415321 DOI: 10.1101/gad.348501.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Rovira et al. report that inactivation of the transcriptional repressor REST causes a drastic increase in pancreatic endocrine progenitors and endocrine cells, and establish that REST is a major negative regulator of embryonic pancreas endocrine differentiation in mice and zebrafish. Their findings show that REST-dependent inhibition ensures a balanced production of endocrine cells from embryonic pancreatic progenitors. Multiple transcription factors have been shown to promote pancreatic β-cell differentiation, yet much less is known about negative regulators. Earlier epigenomic studies suggested that the transcriptional repressor REST could be a suppressor of endocrinogenesis in the embryonic pancreas. However, pancreatic Rest knockout mice failed to show abnormal numbers of endocrine cells, suggesting that REST is not a major regulator of endocrine differentiation. Using a different conditional allele that enables profound REST inactivation, we observed a marked increase in pancreatic endocrine cell formation. REST inhibition also promoted endocrinogenesis in zebrafish and mouse early postnatal ducts and induced β-cell-specific genes in human adult duct-derived organoids. We also defined genomic sites that are bound and repressed by REST in the embryonic pancreas. Our findings show that REST-dependent inhibition ensures a balanced production of endocrine cells from embryonic pancreatic progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meritxell Rovira
- Department of Physiological Science, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08907, Spain.,Pancreas Regeneration: Pancreatic Progenitors and Their Niche Group, Regenerative Medicine Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08908, Spain.,Program for Advancing the Clinical Translation of Regenerative Medicine of Catalonia (P-CMR[C]), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08908, Spain.,Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Goutham Atla
- Regulatory Genomics and Diabetes, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Maestro
- Regulatory Genomics and Diabetes, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08003, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Vane Grau
- Regulatory Genomics and Diabetes, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08003, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Javier García-Hurtado
- Regulatory Genomics and Diabetes, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08003, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Maria Maqueda
- Bioinformatics Unit, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona 08908, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Mosquera
- Bioinformatics Unit, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona 08908, Spain
| | - Yasuhiro Yamada
- Division of Stem Cell Pathology, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Julie Kerr-Conte
- Institute Pasteur Lille, University of Lille, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille (CHU Lille), U1190, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Lille F-59000, France
| | - Francois Pattou
- Institute Pasteur Lille, University of Lille, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille (CHU Lille), U1190, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Lille F-59000, France
| | - Jorge Ferrer
- Regulatory Genomics and Diabetes, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08003, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid 28029, Spain.,Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Section of Genetics and Genomics, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
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12
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Pierreux CE. Shaping the thyroid: From peninsula to de novo lumen formation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 531:111313. [PMID: 33961919 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A challenging and stimulating question in biology deals with the formation of organs from groups of undifferentiated progenitor cells. Most epithelial organs indeed derive from the endodermal monolayer and evolve into various shape and tridimensional organization adapted to their specialized adult function. Thyroid organogenesis is no exception. In most mammals, it follows a complex and sequential process initiated from the endoderm and leading to the development of a multitude of independent closed spheres equipped and optimized for the synthesis, storage and production of thyroid hormones. The first sign of thyroid organogenesis is visible as a thickening of the anterior foregut endoderm. This group of thyroid progenitors then buds and detaches from the foregut to migrate caudally and then laterally. Upon reaching their final destination in the upper neck region on both sides of the trachea, thyroid progenitors mix with C cell progenitors and finally organize into hormone-producing thyroid follicles. Intrinsic and extrinsic factors controlling thyroid organogenesis have been identified in several species, but the fundamental cellular processes are not sufficiently considered. This review focuses on the cellular aspects of the key morphogenetic steps during thyroid organogenesis and highlights similarities and common mechanisms with developmental steps elucidated in other endoderm-derived organs, despite different final architecture and functions.
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13
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Flasse L, Yennek S, Cortijo C, Barandiaran IS, Kraus MRC, Grapin-Botton A. Apical Restriction of the Planar Cell Polarity Component VANGL in Pancreatic Ducts Is Required to Maintain Epithelial Integrity. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107677. [PMID: 32460029 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell polarity is essential for the architecture and function of numerous epithelial tissues. Here, we show that apical restriction of planar cell polarity (PCP) components is necessary for the maintenance of epithelial integrity. Using the mammalian pancreas as a model, we find that components of the core PCP pathway, such as the transmembrane protein Van Gogh-like (VANGL), become apically restricted over a period of several days. Expansion of VANGL localization to the basolateral membranes of progenitors leads to their death and disruption of the epithelial integrity. VANGL basolateral expansion does not affect apico-basal polarity but acts in the cells where Vangl is mislocalized by reducing Dishevelled and its downstream target ROCK. This reduction in ROCK activity culminates in progenitor cell egression, death, and eventually pancreatic hypoplasia. Thus, precise spatiotemporal modulation of VANGL-dependent PCP signaling is crucial for proper pancreatic morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydie Flasse
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Siham Yennek
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cédric Cortijo
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausannne, Switzerland
| | | | - Marine R-C Kraus
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausannne, Switzerland
| | - Anne Grapin-Botton
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
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14
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Sequential progenitor states mark the generation of pancreatic endocrine lineages in mice and humans. Cell Res 2021; 31:886-903. [PMID: 33692492 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-021-00486-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The pancreatic islet contains multiple hormone+ endocrine lineages (α, β, δ, PP and ε cells), but the developmental processes that underlie endocrinogenesis are poorly understood. Here, we generated novel mouse lines and combined them with various genetic tools to enrich all types of hormone+ cells for well-based deep single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), and gene coexpression networks were extracted from the generated data for the optimization of high-throughput droplet-based scRNA-seq analyses. These analyses defined an entire endocrinogenesis pathway in which different states of endocrine progenitor (EP) cells sequentially differentiate into specific endocrine lineages in mice. Subpopulations of the EP cells at the final stage (EP4early and EP4late) show different potentials for distinct endocrine lineages. ε cells and an intermediate cell population were identified as distinct progenitors that independently generate both α and PP cells. Single-cell analyses were also performed to delineate the human pancreatic endocrinogenesis process. Although the developmental trajectory of pancreatic lineages is generally conserved between humans and mice, clear interspecies differences, including differences in the proportions of cell types and the regulatory networks associated with the differentiation of specific lineages, have been detected. Our findings support a model in which sequential transient progenitor cell states determine the differentiation of multiple cell lineages and provide a blueprint for directing the generation of pancreatic islets in vitro.
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15
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Abstract
The pancreas of adult mammals displays a branched structure which transports digestive enzymes produced in the distal acini through a tree-like network of ducts into the duodenum. In contrast to several other branched organs, its branching patterns are not stereotypic. Moreover, the branches do not grow from dichotomic splitting of an initial stem but rather from the formation of microlumen in a mass of cells. These lumen progressively assemble into a hyperconnected network that refines into a tree by the time of birth. We review the cell remodeling events and the molecular mechanisms governing pancreas branching, as well as the role of the surrounding tissues in this process. Furthermore, we draw parallels with other branched organs such as the salivary and mammary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydie Flasse
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Coline Schewin
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anne Grapin-Botton
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany; Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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16
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Cozzitorto C, Mueller L, Ruzittu S, Mah N, Willnow D, Darrigrand JF, Wilson H, Khosravinia D, Mahmoud AA, Risolino M, Selleri L, Spagnoli FM. A Specialized Niche in the Pancreatic Microenvironment Promotes Endocrine Differentiation. Dev Cell 2020; 55:150-162.e6. [PMID: 32857951 PMCID: PMC7720791 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The interplay between pancreatic epithelium and the surrounding microenvironment is pivotal for pancreas formation and differentiation as well as adult organ homeostasis. The mesenchyme is the main component of the embryonic pancreatic microenvironment, yet its cellular identity is broadly defined, and whether it comprises functionally distinct cell subsets is not known. Using genetic lineage tracing, transcriptome, and functional studies, we identified mesenchymal populations with different roles during pancreatic development. Moreover, we showed that Pbx transcription factors act within the mouse pancreatic mesenchyme to define a pro-endocrine specialized niche. Pbx directs differentiation of endocrine progenitors into insulin- and glucagon-positive cells through non-cell-autonomous regulation of ECM-integrin interactions and soluble molecules. Next, we measured functional conservation between mouse and human pancreatic mesenchyme by testing identified mesenchymal factors in an iPSC-based differentiation model. Our findings provide insights into how lineage-specific crosstalk between epithelium and neighboring mesenchymal cells underpin the generation of different pancreatic cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Cozzitorto
- Max-Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Roessle Strasse 10, Berlin 13125, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology & Department of Anatomy, Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Laura Mueller
- Max-Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Roessle Strasse 10, Berlin 13125, Germany; Centre for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Silvia Ruzittu
- Max-Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Roessle Strasse 10, Berlin 13125, Germany; Centre for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Nancy Mah
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - David Willnow
- Max-Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Roessle Strasse 10, Berlin 13125, Germany; Centre for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Jean-Francois Darrigrand
- Centre for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Heather Wilson
- Centre for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Daniel Khosravinia
- Centre for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Amir-Ala Mahmoud
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, Institute for Human Genetics, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Department of Orofacial Sciences & Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave, HSW 710, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Maurizio Risolino
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, Institute for Human Genetics, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Department of Orofacial Sciences & Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave, HSW 710, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Licia Selleri
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, Institute for Human Genetics, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Department of Orofacial Sciences & Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave, HSW 710, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Francesca M Spagnoli
- Max-Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Roessle Strasse 10, Berlin 13125, Germany; Centre for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK.
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17
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Tracing the cellular basis of islet specification in mouse pancreas. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5037. [PMID: 33028844 PMCID: PMC7541446 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18837-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic islets play an essential role in regulating blood glucose level. Although the molecular pathways underlying islet cell differentiation are beginning to be resolved, the cellular basis of islet morphogenesis and fate allocation remain unclear. By combining unbiased and targeted lineage tracing, we address the events leading to islet formation in the mouse. From the statistical analysis of clones induced at multiple embryonic timepoints, here we show that, during the secondary transition, islet formation involves the aggregation of multiple equipotent endocrine progenitors that transition from a phase of stochastic amplification by cell division into a phase of sublineage restriction and limited islet fission. Together, these results explain quantitatively the heterogeneous size distribution and degree of polyclonality of maturing islets, as well as dispersion of progenitors within and between islets. Further, our results show that, during the secondary transition, α- and β-cells are generated in a contemporary manner. Together, these findings provide insight into the cellular basis of islet development. The cellular basis of islet morphogenesis and fate allocation remain unclear. Here, the authors use a R26-CreER-R26R-Confetti mouse line to follow quantitatively the clonal dynamics of islet formation showing how, during the secondary transition, islet progenitors amplify through rounds of stochastic cell division before becoming restricted to α and β cell sublineages.
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18
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Seymour PA, Collin CA, Egeskov-Madsen ALR, Jørgensen MC, Shimojo H, Imayoshi I, de Lichtenberg KH, Kopan R, Kageyama R, Serup P. Jag1 Modulates an Oscillatory Dll1-Notch-Hes1 Signaling Module to Coordinate Growth and Fate of Pancreatic Progenitors. Dev Cell 2020; 52:731-747.e8. [PMID: 32059775 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Notch signaling controls proliferation of multipotent pancreatic progenitor cells (MPCs) and their segregation into bipotent progenitors (BPs) and unipotent pro-acinar cells (PACs). Here, we showed that fast ultradian oscillations of the ligand Dll1 and the transcriptional effector Hes1 were crucial for MPC expansion, and changes in Hes1 oscillation parameters were associated with selective adoption of BP or PAC fate. Conversely, Jag1, a uniformly expressed ligand, restrained MPC growth. However, when its expression later segregated to PACs, Jag1 became critical for the specification of all but the most proximal BPs, and BPs were entirely lost in Jag1; Dll1 double mutants. Anatomically, ductal morphogenesis and organ architecture are minimally perturbed in Jag1 mutants until later stages, when ductal remodeling fails, and signs of acinar-to-ductal metaplasia appear. Our study thus uncovers that oscillating Notch activity in the developing pancreas, modulated by Jag1, is required to coordinate MPC growth and fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Allan Seymour
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark
| | - Caitlin Alexis Collin
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark
| | - Anuska la Rosa Egeskov-Madsen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark
| | - Mette Christine Jørgensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark
| | - Hiromi Shimojo
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Itaru Imayoshi
- Research Center for Dynamic Living Systems, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | | | - Raphael Kopan
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Ryoichiro Kageyama
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Palle Serup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark.
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19
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Bakhti M, Scheibner K, Tritschler S, Bastidas-Ponce A, Tarquis-Medina M, Theis FJ, Lickert H. Establishment of a high-resolution 3D modeling system for studying pancreatic epithelial cell biology in vitro. Mol Metab 2019; 30:16-29. [PMID: 31767167 PMCID: PMC6812400 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Translation of basic research from bench-to-bedside relies on a better understanding of similarities and differences between mouse and human cell biology, tissue formation, and organogenesis. Thus, establishing ex vivo modeling systems of mouse and human pancreas development will help not only to understand evolutionary conserved mechanisms of differentiation and morphogenesis but also to understand pathomechanisms of disease and design strategies for tissue engineering. METHODS Here, we established a simple and reproducible Matrigel-based three-dimensional (3D) cyst culture model system of mouse and human pancreatic progenitors (PPs) to study pancreatic epithelialization and endocrinogenesis ex vivo. In addition, we reanalyzed previously reported single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of mouse and human pancreatic lineages to obtain a comprehensive picture of differential expression of key transcription factors (TFs), cell-cell adhesion molecules and cell polarity components in PPs during endocrinogenesis. RESULTS We generated mouse and human polarized pancreatic epithelial cysts derived from PPs. This system allowed to monitor establishment of pancreatic epithelial polarity and lumen formation in cellular and sub-cellular resolution in a dynamic time-resolved fashion. Furthermore, both mouse and human pancreatic cysts were able to differentiate towards the endocrine fate. This differentiation system together with scRNA-seq analysis revealed how apical-basal polarity and tight and adherens junctions change during endocrine differentiation. CONCLUSIONS We have established a simple 3D pancreatic cyst culture system that allows to tempo-spatial resolve cellular and subcellular processes on the mechanistical level, which is otherwise not possible in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Bakhti
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Katharina Scheibner
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Sophie Tritschler
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Technical University of Munich, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Freising, Germany
| | - Aimée Bastidas-Ponce
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Marta Tarquis-Medina
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Fabian J Theis
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Technical University of Munich, Department of Mathematics, Munich, Germany
| | - Heiko Lickert
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany.
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20
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A morphogenetic EphB/EphrinB code controls hepatopancreatic duct formation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5220. [PMID: 31745086 PMCID: PMC6864101 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13149-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The hepatopancreatic ductal (HPD) system connects the intrahepatic and intrapancreatic ducts to the intestine and ensures the afferent transport of the bile and pancreatic enzymes. Yet the molecular and cellular mechanisms controlling their differentiation and morphogenesis into a functional ductal system are poorly understood. Here, we characterize HPD system morphogenesis by high-resolution microscopy in zebrafish. The HPD system differentiates from a rod of unpolarized cells into mature ducts by de novo lumen formation in a dynamic multi-step process. The remodeling step from multiple nascent lumina into a single lumen requires active cell intercalation and myosin contractility. We identify key functions for EphB/EphrinB signaling in this dynamic remodeling step. Two EphrinB ligands, EphrinB1 and EphrinB2a, and two EphB receptors, EphB3b and EphB4a, control HPD morphogenesis by remodeling individual ductal compartments, and thereby coordinate the morphogenesis of this multi-compartment ductal system.
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21
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Salinno C, Cota P, Bastidas-Ponce A, Tarquis-Medina M, Lickert H, Bakhti M. β-Cell Maturation and Identity in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5417. [PMID: 31671683 PMCID: PMC6861993 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The exponential increase of patients with diabetes mellitus urges for novel therapeutic strategies to reduce the socioeconomic burden of this disease. The loss or dysfunction of insulin-producing β-cells, in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes respectively, put these cells at the center of the disease initiation and progression. Therefore, major efforts have been taken to restore the β-cell mass by cell-replacement or regeneration approaches. Implementing novel therapies requires deciphering the developmental mechanisms that generate β-cells and determine the acquisition of their physiological phenotype. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms that coordinate the postnatal maturation of β-cells and define their functional identity. Furthermore, we discuss different routes by which β-cells lose their features and functionality in type 1 and 2 diabetic conditions. We then focus on potential mechanisms to restore the functionality of those β-cell populations that have lost their functional phenotype. Finally, we discuss the recent progress and remaining challenges facing the generation of functional mature β-cells from stem cells for cell-replacement therapy for diabetes treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciro Salinno
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
- School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675Munich, Germany.
| | - Perla Cota
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
- School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675Munich, Germany.
| | - Aimée Bastidas-Ponce
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
- School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675Munich, Germany.
| | - Marta Tarquis-Medina
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
- School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675Munich, Germany.
| | - Heiko Lickert
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
- School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675Munich, Germany.
| | - Mostafa Bakhti
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
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22
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Lee K, Kim H, Lee J, Oh CM, Song H, Kim H, Koo SH, Lee J, Lim A, Kim H. Essential Role of Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 1 in Pancreas Development by Regulating Protein Stability of Neurogenin 3. Diabetes Metab J 2019; 43:649-658. [PMID: 30968621 PMCID: PMC6834834 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2018.0232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) is a major enzyme responsible for the formation of methylarginine in mammalian cells. Recent studies have revealed that PRMT1 plays important roles in the development of various tissues. However, its role in pancreas development has not yet been elucidated. METHODS Pancreatic progenitor cell-specific Prmt1 knock-out (Prmt1 PKO) mice were generated and characterized for their metabolic and histological phenotypes and their levels of Neurog3 gene expression and neurogenin 3 (NGN3) protein expression. Protein degradation assays were performed in mPAC cells. RESULTS Prmt1 PKO mice showed growth retardation and a severely diabetic phenotype. The pancreatic size and β-cell mass were significantly reduced in Prmt1 PKO mice. Proliferation of progenitor cells during the secondary transition was decreased and endocrine cell differentiation was impaired. These defects in pancreas development could be attributed to the sustained expression of NGN3 in progenitor cells. Protein degradation assays in mPAC cells revealed that PRMT1 was required for the rapid degradation of NGN3. CONCLUSION PRMT1 critically contributes to pancreas development by destabilizing the NGN3 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanghoon Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyunki Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Joonyub Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Chang Myung Oh
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Heein Song
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyeongseok Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seung Hoi Koo
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Junguee Lee
- Department of Pathology, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ajin Lim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hail Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
- KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea.
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23
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Braitsch CM, Azizoglu DB, Htike Y, Barlow HR, Schnell U, Chaney CP, Carroll TJ, Stanger BZ, Cleaver O. LATS1/2 suppress NFκB and aberrant EMT initiation to permit pancreatic progenitor differentiation. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000382. [PMID: 31323030 PMCID: PMC6668837 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway directs cell differentiation during organogenesis, in part by restricting proliferation. How Hippo signaling maintains a proliferation-differentiation balance in developing tissues via distinct molecular targets is only beginning to be understood. Our study makes the unexpected finding that Hippo suppresses nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB) signaling in pancreatic progenitors to permit cell differentiation and epithelial morphogenesis. We find that pancreas-specific deletion of the large tumor suppressor kinases 1 and 2 (Lats1/2PanKO) from mouse progenitor epithelia results in failure to differentiate key pancreatic lineages: acinar, ductal, and endocrine. We carried out an unbiased transcriptome analysis to query differentiation defects in Lats1/2PanKO. This analysis revealed increased expression of NFκB activators, including the pantetheinase vanin1 (Vnn1). Using in vivo and ex vivo studies, we show that VNN1 activates a detrimental cascade of processes in Lats1/2PanKO epithelium, including (1) NFκB activation and (2) aberrant initiation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which together disrupt normal differentiation. We show that exogenous stimulation of VNN1 or NFκB can trigger this cascade in wild-type (WT) pancreatic progenitors. These findings reveal an unexpected requirement for active suppression of NFκB by LATS1/2 during pancreas development, which restrains a cell-autonomous deleterious transcriptional program and thereby allows epithelial differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin M. Braitsch
- Department of Molecular Biology and the Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - D. Berfin Azizoglu
- Department of Molecular Biology and the Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yadanar Htike
- Department of Molecular Biology and the Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Haley R. Barlow
- Department of Molecular Biology and the Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ulrike Schnell
- Department of Molecular Biology and the Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Christopher P. Chaney
- Department of Molecular Biology and the Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Thomas J. Carroll
- Department of Molecular Biology and the Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ben Z. Stanger
- Department of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ondine Cleaver
- Department of Molecular Biology and the Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
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24
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial disease affecting increasing numbers of patients worldwide. Progression to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is characterized by the loss or dysfunction of pancreatic β-cells, but the pathomechanisms underlying β-cell failure in type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus are still poorly defined. Regeneration of β-cell mass from residual islet cells or replacement by β-like cells derived from stem cells holds great promise to stop or reverse disease progression. However, the development of new treatment options is hampered by our limited understanding of human pancreas organogenesis due to the restricted access to primary tissues. Therefore, the challenge is to translate results obtained from preclinical model systems to humans, which requires comparative modelling of β-cell biology in health and disease. Here, we discuss diverse modelling systems across different species that provide spatial and temporal resolution of cellular and molecular mechanisms to understand the evolutionary conserved genotype-phenotype relationship and translate them to humans. In addition, we summarize the latest knowledge on organoids, stem cell differentiation platforms, primary micro-islets and pseudo-islets, bioengineering and microfluidic systems for studying human pancreas development and homeostasis ex vivo. These new modelling systems and platforms have opened novel avenues for exploring the developmental trajectory, physiology, biology and pathology of the human pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Bakhti
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Anika Böttcher
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Heiko Lickert
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.
- Technical University of Munich, Medical Faculty, Munich, Germany.
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25
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Sharon N, Chawla R, Mueller J, Vanderhooft J, Whitehorn LJ, Rosenthal B, Gürtler M, Estanboulieh RR, Shvartsman D, Gifford DK, Trapnell C, Melton D. A Peninsular Structure Coordinates Asynchronous Differentiation with Morphogenesis to Generate Pancreatic Islets. Cell 2019; 176:790-804.e13. [PMID: 30661759 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The pancreatic islets of Langerhans regulate glucose homeostasis. The loss of insulin-producing β cells within islets results in diabetes, and islet transplantation from cadaveric donors can cure the disease. In vitro production of whole islets, not just β cells, will benefit from a better understanding of endocrine differentiation and islet morphogenesis. We used single-cell mRNA sequencing to obtain a detailed description of pancreatic islet development. Contrary to the prevailing dogma, we find islet morphology and endocrine differentiation to be directly related. As endocrine progenitors differentiate, they migrate in cohesion and form bud-like islet precursors, or "peninsulas" (literally "almost islands"). α cells, the first to develop, constitute the peninsular outer layer, and β cells form later, beneath them. This spatiotemporal collinearity leads to the typical core-mantle architecture of the mature, spherical islet. Finally, we induce peninsula-like structures in differentiating human embryonic stem cells, laying the ground for the generation of entire islets in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadav Sharon
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Raghav Chawla
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jonas Mueller
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02412, USA
| | - Jordan Vanderhooft
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | | | - Benjamin Rosenthal
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Mads Gürtler
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | | | - Dmitry Shvartsman
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - David K Gifford
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02412, USA
| | - Cole Trapnell
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Molecular & Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Doug Melton
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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26
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Bastidas-Ponce A, Tritschler S, Dony L, Scheibner K, Tarquis-Medina M, Salinno C, Schirge S, Burtscher I, Böttcher A, Theis F, Lickert H, Bakhti M. Massive single-cell mRNA profiling reveals a detailed roadmap for pancreatic endocrinogenesis. Development 2019; 146:dev.173849. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.173849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Deciphering mechanisms of endocrine cell induction, specification and lineage allocation in vivo will provide valuable insights into how the islets of Langerhans are generated. Currently, it is ill defined how endocrine progenitors segregate into different endocrine subtypes during development. Here, we generated a novel Neurogenin3 (Ngn3)-Venus fusion (NVF) reporter mouse line, that closely mirrors the transient endogenous Ngn3 protein expression. To define an in vivo roadmap of endocrinogenesis, we performed single-cell RNA-sequencing of 36,351 pancreatic epithelial and NVF+ cells during secondary transition. This allowed to time-resolve and distinguish Ngn3low endocrine progenitors, Ngn3high endocrine precursors, Fev+ endocrine lineage and hormone+ endocrine subtypes and delineate molecular programs during the stepwise lineage restriction steps. Strikingly, we identified 58 novel signature genes that show the same transient expression dynamics as Ngn3 in the 7,260 profiled Ngn3-expressing cells. The differential expression of these genes in endocrine precursors associated with their cell-fate allocation towards distinct endocrine cell types. Thus, the generation of an accurately regulated NVF reporter allowed us to temporally resolve endocrine lineage development to provide a fine-grained single-cell molecular profile of endocrinogenesis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimée Bastidas-Ponce
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Sophie Tritschler
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Freising, Germany
| | - Leander Dony
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Scheibner
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Marta Tarquis-Medina
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Ciro Salinno
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Silvia Schirge
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ingo Burtscher
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anika Böttcher
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Fabian Theis
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, Department of Mathematics, Munich, Germany
| | - Heiko Lickert
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Mostafa Bakhti
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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27
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Pancreas organogenesis: The interplay between surrounding microenvironment(s) and epithelium-intrinsic factors. Curr Top Dev Biol 2019; 132:221-256. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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28
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Hannezo E, Simons BD. Statistical theory of branching morphogenesis. Dev Growth Differ 2018; 60:512-521. [PMID: 30357803 PMCID: PMC6334508 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Branching morphogenesis remains a subject of abiding interest. Although much is known about the gene regulatory programs and signaling pathways that operate at the cellular scale, it has remained unclear how the macroscopic features of branched organs, including their size, network topology and spatial patterning, are encoded. Lately, it has been proposed that, these features can be explained quantitatively in several organs within a single unifying framework. Based on large-scale organ reconstructions and cell lineage tracing, it has been argued that morphogenesis follows from the collective dynamics of sublineage-restricted self-renewing progenitor cells, localized at ductal tips, that act cooperatively to drive a serial process of ductal elongation and stochastic tip bifurcation. By correlating differentiation or cell cycle exit with proximity to maturing ducts, this dynamic results in the specification of a complex network of defined density and statistical organization. These results suggest that, for several mammalian tissues, branched epithelial structures develop as a self-organized process, reliant upon a strikingly simple, but generic, set of local rules, without recourse to a rigid and deterministic sequence of genetically programmed events. Here, we review the basis of these findings and discuss their implications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin D. Simons
- The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Stem Cell ResearchUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Cavendish LaboratoryDepartment of PhysicsUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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29
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Bankaitis ED, Bechard ME, Gu G, Magnuson MA, Wright CVE. ROCK-nmMyoII, Notch and Neurog3 gene-dosage link epithelial morphogenesis with cell fate in the pancreatic endocrine-progenitor niche. Development 2018; 145:dev.162115. [PMID: 30126902 DOI: 10.1242/dev.162115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
During mouse pancreas organogenesis, endocrine cells are born from progenitors residing in an epithelial plexus niche. After a period in a lineage-primed Neurog3LO state, progenitors become endocrine committed via upregulation of Neurog3 We find that the Neurog3LO to Neurog3HI transition is associated with distinct stages of an epithelial egression process: narrowing the apical surface of the cell, basalward cell movement and eventual cell-rear detachment from the apical lumen surface to allow clustering as nascent islets under the basement membrane. Apical narrowing, basalward movement and Neurog3 transcriptional upregulation still occur without Neurog3 protein, suggesting that morphogenetic cues deployed within the plexus initiate endocrine commitment upstream or independently of Neurog3. Neurog3 is required for cell-rear detachment and complete endocrine-cell birth. The ROCK-nmMyoII pathway coordinates epithelial-cell morphogenesis and the progression through Neurog3-expressing states. NmMyoII is necessary for apical narrowing, basalward cell displacement and Neurog3 upregulation, but all three are limited by ROCK activity. We propose that ROCK-nmMyoII activity, Neurog3 gene-dose and Notch signaling integrate endocrine fate allocation with epithelial plexus growth and morphogenesis, representing a feedback control circuit that coordinates morphogenesis with lineage diversification in the endocrine-birth niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Bankaitis
- Vanderbilt University Program in Developmental Biology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Matthew E Bechard
- Vanderbilt University Program in Developmental Biology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Guoqiang Gu
- Vanderbilt University Program in Developmental Biology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Mark A Magnuson
- Vanderbilt University Program in Developmental Biology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Christopher V E Wright
- Vanderbilt University Program in Developmental Biology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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30
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Scavuzzo MA, Hill MC, Chmielowiec J, Yang D, Teaw J, Sheng K, Kong Y, Bettini M, Zong C, Martin JF, Borowiak M. Endocrine lineage biases arise in temporally distinct endocrine progenitors during pancreatic morphogenesis. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3356. [PMID: 30135482 PMCID: PMC6105717 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05740-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Decoding the molecular composition of individual Ngn3 + endocrine progenitors (EPs) during pancreatic morphogenesis could provide insight into the mechanisms regulating hormonal cell fate. Here, we identify population markers and extensive cellular diversity including four EP subtypes reflecting EP maturation using high-resolution single-cell RNA-sequencing of the e14.5 and e16.5 mouse pancreas. While e14.5 and e16.5 EPs are constantly born and share select genes, these EPs are overall transcriptionally distinct concomitant with changes in the underlying epithelium. As a consequence, e16.5 EPs are not the same as e14.5 EPs: e16.5 EPs have a higher propensity to form beta cells. Analysis of e14.5 and e16.5 EP chromatin states reveals temporal shifts, with enrichment of beta cell motifs in accessible regions at later stages. Finally, we provide transcriptional maps outlining the route progenitors take as they make cell fate decisions, which can be applied to advance the in vitro generation of beta cells. Endocrine progenitors form early in pancreatic development but the diversity of this cell population is unclear. Here, the authors use single cell RNA sequencing of the mouse pancreas at e14.5 and e16.5 to show that endocrine progenitors are temporally distinct and those formed later are more likely to become beta cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa A Scavuzzo
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Matthew C Hill
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jolanta Chmielowiec
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, and Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Department, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Diane Yang
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Department, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jessica Teaw
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, and Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Department, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kuanwei Sheng
- Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yuelin Kong
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Maria Bettini
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,McNair Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Chenghang Zong
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,McNair Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - James F Martin
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,The Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Malgorzata Borowiak
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, and Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Molecular and Cellular Biology Department, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,McNair Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Deconstructing the principles of ductal network formation in the pancreas. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e2002842. [PMID: 30048442 PMCID: PMC6080801 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2002842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian pancreas is a branched organ that does not exhibit stereotypic branching patterns, similarly to most other glands. Inside branches, it contains a network of ducts that undergo a transition from unconnected microlumen to a mesh of interconnected ducts and finally to a treelike structure. This ductal remodeling is poorly understood, both on a microscopic and macroscopic level. In this article, we quantify the network properties at different developmental stages. We find that the pancreatic network exhibits stereotypic traits at each stage and that the network properties change with time toward the most economical and optimized delivery of exocrine products into the duodenum. Using in silico modeling, we show how steps of pancreatic network development can be deconstructed into two simple rules likely to be conserved for many other glands. The early stage of the network is explained by noisy, redundant duct connection as new microlumens form. The later transition is attributed to pruning of the network based on the flux of fluid running through the pancreatic network into the duodenum. In the pancreas of mammals, digestive enzymes are transported from their production site in acini (clusters of cells that secrete the enzymes) to the intestine via a network of ducts. During organ development in fetuses, the ducts initially form by the coordinated polarization of cells to form small holes, which will connect and fuse, to constitute a meshwork. This hyperconnected network further develops into a treelike structure by the time of birth. In this article, we use methods originally developed to analyze road, rail, web, or river networks to quantify the network properties at different developmental stages. We find that the pancreatic network properties are similar between individuals at specific time points but eventually change to achieve the most economical and optimized structure to deliver pancreatic juice into the duodenum. Using in silico modeling, we show how the stages of pancreatic network development follow two simple rules, which are likely to be conserved for the development of other glands. The early stage of the network is explained by noisy, redundant duct connection as new small ductal holes form. Later on, the secretion of fluid that runs through the pancreatic network into the duodenum leads to the widening of ducts with the greatest flow, while nonnecessary ducts are eliminated, akin to how river beds are formed.
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32
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Defining Lineage Potential and Fate Behavior of Precursors during Pancreas Development. Dev Cell 2018; 46:360-375.e5. [PMID: 30057275 PMCID: PMC6085117 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Pancreas development involves a coordinated process in which an early phase of cell segregation is followed by a longer phase of lineage restriction, expansion, and tissue remodeling. By combining clonal tracing and whole-mount reconstruction with proliferation kinetics and single-cell transcriptional profiling, we define the functional basis of pancreas morphogenesis. We show that the large-scale organization of mouse pancreas can be traced to the activity of self-renewing precursors positioned at the termini of growing ducts, which act collectively to drive serial rounds of stochastic ductal bifurcation balanced by termination. During this phase of branching morphogenesis, multipotent precursors become progressively fate-restricted, giving rise to self-renewing acinar-committed precursors that are conveyed with growing ducts, as well as ductal progenitors that expand the trailing ducts and give rise to delaminating endocrine cells. These findings define quantitatively how the functional behavior and lineage progression of precursor pools determine the large-scale patterning of pancreatic sub-compartments. The pancreas undergoes rapid cell fate specification in development Ductal ends serve as a niche site for self-renewing progenitors These cells drive rounds of stochastic ductal bifurcation balanced by termination These results provide a model of coordinated development of acini, ducts, and islets
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Yu XX, Qiu WL, Yang L, Li LC, Zhang YW, Xu CR. Dynamics of chromatin marks and the role of JMJD3 during pancreatic endocrine cell fate commitment. Development 2018; 145:145/6/dev163162. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.163162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Pancreatic endocrine lineages are derived from pancreatic progenitors that undergo a cell fate transition requiring a switch from low to high Ngn3 expression. However, the underlying chromatin regulatory mechanisms are unclear. Here, we performed epigenomic analysis of gene regulatory loci featuring histone marks in cells with low or high level of Ngn3 expression. In combination with transcriptomic analysis, we discovered that in Ngn3-high cells, the removal of H3K27me3 was associated with the activation of key transcription factors and the establishment of primed and active enhancers. Deletion of Jmjd3, a histone demethylase for H3K27me3, at the pancreatic progenitor stage impaired the efficiency of endocrine cell fate transition and thereafter islet formation. Curiously, single-cell RNA-seq revealed that the transcriptome and developmental pathway of Ngn3-high cells were not affected by the deletion of Jmjd3. Our study indicates sequential chromatin events and identifies a crucial role for Jmjd3 in regulating the efficiency of the transition from Ngn3-low to Ngn3-high cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Xin Yu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wei-Lin Qiu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- PKU-Tsinghua-NIBS Graduate Program, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lin-Chen Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yu-Wei Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Cheng-Ran Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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34
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Freudenblum J, Iglesias JA, Hermann M, Walsen T, Wilfinger A, Meyer D, Kimmel RA. In vivo imaging of emerging endocrine cells reveals a requirement for PI3K-regulated motility in pancreatic islet morphogenesis. Development 2018; 145:dev.158477. [PMID: 29386244 PMCID: PMC5818004 DOI: 10.1242/dev.158477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The three-dimensional architecture of the pancreatic islet is integral to beta cell function, but the process of islet formation remains poorly understood due to the difficulties of imaging internal organs with cellular resolution. Within transparent zebrafish larvae, the developing pancreas is relatively superficial and thus amenable to live imaging approaches. We performed in vivo time-lapse and longitudinal imaging studies to follow islet development, visualizing both naturally occurring islet cells and cells arising with an accelerated timecourse following an induction approach. These studies revealed previously unappreciated fine dynamic protrusions projecting between neighboring and distant endocrine cells. Using pharmacological compound and toxin interference approaches, and single-cell analysis of morphology and cell dynamics, we determined that endocrine cell motility is regulated by phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling. Linking cell dynamics to islet formation, perturbation of protrusion formation disrupted endocrine cell coalescence, and correlated with decreased islet cell differentiation. These studies identified novel cell behaviors contributing to islet morphogenesis, and suggest a model in which dynamic exploratory filopodia establish cell-cell contacts that subsequently promote cell clustering. Summary: Pancreatic endocrine cells extend previously unrecognized dynamic, flexible, fine projections to guide clustering into a compacted islet in a process regulated by PI3K and GPCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Freudenblum
- Institute of Molecular Biology/CMBI, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - José A Iglesias
- Johann Radon Institute for Computational and Applied Mathematics (RICAM), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Altenbergerstrasse 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Martin Hermann
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innrain 66, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tanja Walsen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Armin Wilfinger
- Institute of Molecular Biology/CMBI, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dirk Meyer
- Institute of Molecular Biology/CMBI, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Robin A Kimmel
- Institute of Molecular Biology/CMBI, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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35
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Bechard ME, Bankaitis ED, Ustione A, Piston DW, Magnuson MA, Wright CVE. FUCCI tracking shows cell-cycle-dependent Neurog3 variation in pancreatic progenitors. Genesis 2018; 55. [PMID: 28772022 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
During pancreas organogenesis, Neurog3HI endocrine-committing cells are generated from a population of Sox9+ mitotic progenitors with only a low level of Neurog3 transcriptional activity (Neurog3TA.LO ). Low-level Neurog3 protein, in Neurog3TA.LO cells, is required to maintain their mitotic endocrine-lineage-primed status. Herein, we describe a Neurog3-driven FUCCI cell-cycle reporter (Neurog3P2A.FUCCI ) derived from a Neurog3 BAC transgenic reporter that functions as a loxed cassette acceptor (LCA). In cycling Sox9+ Neurog3TA.LO progenitors, the majority of cells in S-G2 -M phases have undetectable levels of Neurog3 with increased expression of endocrine progenitor markers, while those in G1 have low Neurog3 levels with increased expression of endocrine differentiation markers. These findings support a model in which variations in Neurog3 protein levels are coordinated with cell-cycle phase progression in Neurog3TA.LO progenitors with entrance into G1 triggering a concerted effort, beyond increasing Neurog3 levels, to maintain an endocrine-lineage-primed state by initiating expression of the downstream endocrine differentiation program prior to endocrine-commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E Bechard
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Program in Developmental Biology, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Eric D Bankaitis
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Program in Developmental Biology, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Alessandro Ustione
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - David W Piston
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Mark A Magnuson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Program in Developmental Biology, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Christopher V E Wright
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Program in Developmental Biology, Nashville, Tennessee
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36
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Azizoglu DB, Braitsch C, Marciano DK, Cleaver O. Afadin and RhoA control pancreatic endocrine mass via lumen morphogenesis. Genes Dev 2018; 31:2376-2390. [PMID: 29330353 PMCID: PMC5795784 DOI: 10.1101/gad.307637.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Azizoglu et al. identified mechanisms underlying pancreatic lumen formation and remodeling and show that central lumen network morphogenesis impacts pancreatic endocrine mass. Codepletion of the actomyosin regulator RhoA and Afadin results in defects in the central lumen and arrests lumen remodeling. Proper lumen morphogenesis during pancreas development is critical to endocrine and exocrine cell fate. Recent studies showed that a central network of lumens (termed core), but not the surrounding terminal branches (termed periphery), produces most islet endocrine cells. To date, it remains unclear how pancreatic lumens form and remodel and which aspects of lumen morphogenesis influence cell fate. Importantly, models testing the function of the central lumen network as an endocrine niche are lacking. Here, we identify mechanisms underlying lumen formation and remodeling and show that central lumen network morphogenesis impacts pancreatic endocrine mass. We show that loss of the scaffolding protein Afadin disrupts de novo lumenogenesis and lumen continuity in the tip epithelium. Codepletion of the actomyosin regulator RhoA and Afadin results in defects in the central lumens and arrests lumen remodeling. This arrest leads to prolonged perdurance of the central lumen network over developmental time and expansion of the endocrine progenitor population and, eventually, endocrine mass. Our study uncovers essential roles of Afadin and RhoA in pancreatic central lumen morphogenesis, which subsequently determines endocrine cell mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Berfin Azizoglu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Caitlin Braitsch
- Department of Molecular Biology, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Denise K Marciano
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Ondine Cleaver
- Department of Molecular Biology, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
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37
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Pancreatic Cancer: Molecular Characterization, Clonal Evolution and Cancer Stem Cells. Biomedicines 2017; 5:biomedicines5040065. [PMID: 29156578 PMCID: PMC5744089 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines5040065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the fourth most common cause of cancer-related death and is the most lethal of common malignancies with a five-year survival rate of <10%. PDAC arises from different types of non-invasive precursor lesions: intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms, mucinous cystic neoplasms and pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia. The genetic landscape of PDAC is characterized by the presence of four frequently-mutated genes: KRAS, CDKN2A, TP53 and SMAD4. The development of mouse models of PDAC has greatly contributed to the understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms through which driver genes contribute to pancreatic cancer development. Particularly, oncogenic KRAS-driven genetically-engineered mouse models that phenotypically and genetically recapitulate human pancreatic cancer have clarified the mechanisms through which various mutated genes act in neoplasia induction and progression and have led to identifying the possible cellular origin of these neoplasias. Patient-derived xenografts are increasingly used for preclinical studies and for the development of personalized medicine strategies. The studies of the purification and characterization of pancreatic cancer stem cells have suggested that a minority cell population is responsible for initiation and maintenance of pancreatic adenocarcinomas. The study of these cells could contribute to the identification and clinical development of more efficacious drug treatments.
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38
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EGFR signalling controls cellular fate and pancreatic organogenesis by regulating apicobasal polarity. Nat Cell Biol 2017; 19:1313-1325. [PMID: 29058721 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Apicobasal polarity is known to affect epithelial morphogenesis and cell differentiation, but it remains unknown how these processes are mechanistically orchestrated. We find that ligand-specific EGFR signalling via PI(3)K and Rac1 autonomously modulates apicobasal polarity to enforce the sequential control of morphogenesis and cell differentiation. Initially, EGF controls pancreatic tubulogenesis by negatively regulating apical polarity induction. Subsequently, betacellulin, working via inhibition of atypical protein kinase C (aPKC), causes apical domain constriction within neurogenin3+ endocrine progenitors, which results in reduced Notch signalling, increased neurogenin3 expression, and β-cell differentiation. Notably, the ligand-specific EGFR output is not driven at the ligand level, but seems to have evolved in response to stage-specific epithelial influences. The EGFR-mediated control of β-cell differentiation via apical polarity is also conserved in human neurogenin3+ cells. We provide insight into how ligand-specific EGFR signalling coordinates epithelial morphogenesis and cell differentiation via apical polarity dynamics.
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Bastidas-Ponce A, Scheibner K, Lickert H, Bakhti M. Cellular and molecular mechanisms coordinating pancreas development. Development 2017; 144:2873-2888. [PMID: 28811309 DOI: 10.1242/dev.140756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The pancreas is an endoderm-derived glandular organ that participates in the regulation of systemic glucose metabolism and food digestion through the function of its endocrine and exocrine compartments, respectively. While intensive research has explored the signaling pathways and transcriptional programs that govern pancreas development, much remains to be discovered regarding the cellular processes that orchestrate pancreas morphogenesis. Here, we discuss the developmental mechanisms and principles that are known to underlie pancreas development, from induction and lineage formation to morphogenesis and organogenesis. Elucidating such principles will help to identify novel candidate disease genes and unravel the pathogenesis of pancreas-related diseases, such as diabetes, pancreatitis and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimée Bastidas-Ponce
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Technical University of Munich, Medical Faculty, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Scheibner
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Technical University of Munich, Medical Faculty, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Heiko Lickert
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Technical University of Munich, Medical Faculty, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Mostafa Bakhti
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany .,Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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40
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Different developmental histories of beta-cells generate functional and proliferative heterogeneity during islet growth. Nat Commun 2017; 8:664. [PMID: 28939870 PMCID: PMC5610262 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00461-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The proliferative and functional heterogeneity among seemingly uniform cells is a universal phenomenon. Identifying the underlying factors requires single-cell analysis of function and proliferation. Here we show that the pancreatic beta-cells in zebrafish exhibit different growth-promoting and functional properties, which in part reflect differences in the time elapsed since birth of the cells. Calcium imaging shows that the beta-cells in the embryonic islet become functional during early zebrafish development. At later stages, younger beta-cells join the islet following differentiation from post-embryonic progenitors. Notably, the older and younger beta-cells occupy different regions within the islet, which generates topological asymmetries in glucose responsiveness and proliferation. Specifically, the older beta-cells exhibit robust glucose responsiveness, whereas younger beta-cells are more proliferative but less functional. As the islet approaches its mature state, heterogeneity diminishes and beta-cells synchronize function and proliferation. Our work illustrates a dynamic model of heterogeneity based on evolving proliferative and functional beta-cell states. Βeta-cells have recently been shown to be heterogeneous with regard to morphology and function. Here, the authors show that β-cells in zebrafish switch from proliferative to functional states with increasing time since β-cell birth, leading to functional and proliferative heterogeneity.
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41
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Larsen HL, Martín-Coll L, Nielsen AV, Wright CVE, Trusina A, Kim YH, Grapin-Botton A. Stochastic priming and spatial cues orchestrate heterogeneous clonal contribution to mouse pancreas organogenesis. Nat Commun 2017; 8:605. [PMID: 28928395 PMCID: PMC5605525 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00258-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatiotemporal balancing of cellular proliferation and differentiation is crucial for postnatal tissue homoeostasis and organogenesis. During embryonic development, pancreatic progenitors simultaneously proliferate and differentiate into the endocrine, ductal and acinar lineages. Using in vivo clonal analysis in the founder population of the pancreas here we reveal highly heterogeneous contribution of single progenitors to organ formation. While some progenitors are bona fide multipotent and contribute progeny to all major pancreatic cell lineages, we also identify numerous unipotent endocrine and ducto-endocrine bipotent clones. Single-cell transcriptional profiling at E9.5 reveals that endocrine-committed cells are molecularly distinct, whereas multipotent and bipotent progenitors do not exhibit different expression profiles. Clone size and composition support a probabilistic model of cell fate allocation and in silico simulations predict a transient wave of acinar differentiation around E11.5, while endocrine differentiation is proportionally decreased. Increased proliferative capacity of outer progenitors is further proposed to impact clonal expansion. The pancreas arises from a small population of cells but how individual cells contribute to organ formation is unclear. Here, the authors deconstruct pancreas organogenesis into clonal units, showing that single progenitors give rise to heterogeneous multi-lineage and endocrinogenic single-lineage clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hjalte List Larsen
- DanStem, University of Copenhagen, 3B Blegdamsvej, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Laura Martín-Coll
- DanStem, University of Copenhagen, 3B Blegdamsvej, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | | | - Christopher V E Wright
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232-0494, USA
| | - Ala Trusina
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 17 Blegdamsvej, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Yung Hae Kim
- DanStem, University of Copenhagen, 3B Blegdamsvej, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - Anne Grapin-Botton
- DanStem, University of Copenhagen, 3B Blegdamsvej, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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42
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Krentz NAJ, van Hoof D, Li Z, Watanabe A, Tang M, Nian C, German MS, Lynn FC. Phosphorylation of NEUROG3 Links Endocrine Differentiation to the Cell Cycle in Pancreatic Progenitors. Dev Cell 2017; 41:129-142.e6. [PMID: 28441528 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
During pancreatic development, proliferating pancreatic progenitors activate the proendocrine transcription factor neurogenin 3 (NEUROG3), exit the cell cycle, and differentiate into islet cells. The mechanisms that direct robust NEUROG3 expression within a subset of progenitor cells control the size of the endocrine population. Here we demonstrate that NEUROG3 is phosphorylated within the nucleus on serine 183, which catalyzes its hyperphosphorylation and proteosomal degradation. During progression through the progenitor cell cycle, NEUROG3 phosphorylation is driven by the actions of cyclin-dependent kinases 2 and 4/6 at G1/S cell-cycle checkpoint. Using models of mouse and human pancreas development, we show that lengthening of the G1 phase of the pancreatic progenitor cell cycle is essential for proper induction of NEUROG3 and initiation of endocrine cell differentiation. In sum, these studies demonstrate that progenitor cell-cycle G1 lengthening, through its actions on stabilization of NEUROG3, is an essential variable in normal endocrine cell genesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A J Krentz
- Diabetes Research Group, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada; Departments of Surgery and Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, 950 28th Avenue West, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Dennis van Hoof
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research and Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0669, USA
| | - Zhongmei Li
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research and Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0669, USA
| | - Akie Watanabe
- Diabetes Research Group, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada; Departments of Surgery and Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, 950 28th Avenue West, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Mei Tang
- Diabetes Research Group, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada; Departments of Surgery and Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, 950 28th Avenue West, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Cuilan Nian
- Diabetes Research Group, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada; Departments of Surgery and Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, 950 28th Avenue West, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Michael S German
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research and Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0669, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, 35 Medical Center Way, RMB 1025, San Francisco, CA 94143-0669, USA.
| | - Francis C Lynn
- Diabetes Research Group, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada; Departments of Surgery and Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, 950 28th Avenue West, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada.
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43
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Scavuzzo MA, Yang D, Borowiak M. Organotypic pancreatoids with native mesenchyme develop Insulin producing endocrine cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10810. [PMID: 28883507 PMCID: PMC5589819 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11169-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Replacement of lost beta cells in patients with diabetes has the potential to alleviate them of their disease, yet current protocols to make beta cells are inadequate for therapy. In vitro screens can reveal the signals necessary for endocrine maturation to improve beta cell production, however the complexities of in vivo development that lead to beta cell formation are lost in two-dimensional systems. Here, we create three-dimensional organotypic pancreatic cultures, named pancreatoids, composed of embryonic day 10.5 murine epithelial progenitors and native mesenchyme. These progenitors assemble in scaffold-free, floating conditions and, with the inclusion of native mesenchyme, develop into pancreatoids expressing markers of different pancreatic lineages including endocrine-like cells. Treatment of pancreatoids with (-)-Indolactam-V or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, two protein kinase C activators, leads to altered morphology which otherwise would be overlooked in two-dimensional systems. Protein kinase C activation also led to fewer Insulin+ cells, decreased Ins1 and Ins2 mRNA levels, and increased Pdx1 and Hes1 mRNA levels with a high number of DBA+ cells. Thus, organotypic pancreatoids provide a useful tool for developmental studies, and can further be used for disease modeling, small molecules and genetic screens, or applied to human pluripotent stem cell differentiation for beta-like cell formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa A Scavuzzo
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Diane Yang
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Department, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Malgorzata Borowiak
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Molecular and Cellular Biology Department, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, and Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,McNair Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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44
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Modeling coexistence of oscillation and Delta/Notch-mediated lateral inhibition in pancreas development and neurogenesis. J Theor Biol 2017; 430:32-44. [PMID: 28652000 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
During pancreas development, Neurog3 positive endocrine progenitors are specified by Delta/Notch (D/N) mediated lateral inhibition in the growing ducts. During neurogenesis, genes that determine the transition from the proneural state to neuronal or glial lineages are oscillating before their expression is sustained. Although the basic gene regulatory network is very similar, cycling gene expression in pancreatic development was not investigated yet, and previous simulations of lateral inhibition in pancreas development excluded by design the possibility of oscillations. To explore this possibility, we developed a dynamic model of a growing duct that results in an oscillatory phase before the determination of endocrine progenitors by lateral inhibition. The basic network (D/N + Hes1 + Neurog3) shows scattered, stable Neurog3 expression after displaying transient expression. Furthermore, we included the Hes1 negative feedback as previously discussed in neurogenesis and show the consequences for Neurog3 expression in pancreatic duct development. Interestingly, a weakened HES1 action on the Hes1 promoter allows the coexistence of stable patterning and oscillations. In conclusion, cycling gene expression and lateral inhibition are not mutually exclusive. In this way, we argue for a unified mode of D/N mediated lateral inhibition in neurogenic and pancreatic progenitor specification.
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45
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Serafimidis I, Rodriguez-Aznar E, Lesche M, Yoshioka K, Takuwa Y, Dahl A, Pan D, Gavalas A. Pancreas lineage allocation and specification are regulated by sphingosine-1-phosphate signalling. PLoS Biol 2017; 15:e2000949. [PMID: 28248965 PMCID: PMC5331964 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2000949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During development, progenitor expansion, lineage allocation, and implementation of differentiation programs need to be tightly coordinated so that different cell types are generated in the correct numbers for appropriate tissue size and function. Pancreatic dysfunction results in some of the most debilitating and fatal diseases, including pancreatic cancer and diabetes. Several transcription factors regulating pancreas lineage specification have been identified, and Notch signalling has been implicated in lineage allocation, but it remains unclear how these processes are coordinated. Using a combination of genetic approaches, organotypic cultures of embryonic pancreata, and genomics, we found that sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1p), signalling through the G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) S1pr2, plays a key role in pancreas development linking lineage allocation and specification. S1pr2 signalling promotes progenitor survival as well as acinar and endocrine specification. S1pr2-mediated stabilisation of the yes-associated protein (YAP) is essential for endocrine specification, thus linking a regulator of progenitor growth with specification. YAP stabilisation and endocrine cell specification rely on Gαi subunits, revealing an unexpected specificity of selected GPCR intracellular signalling components. Finally, we found that S1pr2 signalling posttranscriptionally attenuates Notch signalling levels, thus regulating lineage allocation. Both S1pr2-mediated YAP stabilisation and Notch attenuation are necessary for the specification of the endocrine lineage. These findings identify S1p signalling as a novel key pathway coordinating cell survival, lineage allocation, and specification and linking these processes by regulating YAP levels and Notch signalling. Understanding lineage allocation and specification in the pancreas will shed light in the origins of pancreatic diseases and may suggest novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Serafimidis
- Developmental Biology Laboratory, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eva Rodriguez-Aznar
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Germany
| | - Mathias Lesche
- Deep Sequencing Group SFB655, DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Biotechnology Center (BioZ), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kazuaki Yoshioka
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yoh Takuwa
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Andreas Dahl
- Deep Sequencing Group SFB655, DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Biotechnology Center (BioZ), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Duojia Pan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Anthony Gavalas
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Germany
- DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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46
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Larsen HL, Grapin-Botton A. The molecular and morphogenetic basis of pancreas organogenesis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 66:51-68. [PMID: 28089869 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The pancreas is an essential endoderm-derived organ that ensures nutrient metabolism via its endocrine and exocrine functions. Here we review the essential processes governing the embryonic and early postnatal development of the pancreas discussing both the mechanisms and molecules controlling progenitor specification, expansion and differentiation. We elaborate on how these processes are orchestrated in space and coordinated with morphogenesis. We draw mainly from experiments conducted in the mouse model but also from investigations in other model organisms, complementing a recent comprehensive review of human pancreas development (Jennings et al., 2015) [1]. The understanding of pancreas development in model organisms provides a framework to interpret how human mutations lead to neonatal diabetes and may contribute to other forms of diabetes and to guide the production of desired pancreatic cell types from pluripotent stem cells for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hjalte List Larsen
- DanStem, University of Copenhagen, 3 B Blegdamsvej, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Anne Grapin-Botton
- DanStem, University of Copenhagen, 3 B Blegdamsvej, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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47
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Pancreatic Mesenchyme Regulates Islet Cellular Composition in a Patched/Hedgehog-Dependent Manner. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38008. [PMID: 27892540 PMCID: PMC5125096 DOI: 10.1038/srep38008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreas development requires restrained Hedgehog (Hh) signaling activation. While deregulated Hh signaling in the pancreatic mesenchyme has been long suggested to be detrimental for proper organogenesis, this association was not directly shown. Here, we analyzed the contribution of mesenchymal Hh signaling to pancreas development. To increase Hh signaling in the pancreatic mesenchyme of mouse embryos, we deleted Patched1 (Ptch1) in these cells. Our findings indicate that deregulated Hh signaling in mesenchymal cells was sufficient to impair pancreas development, affecting both endocrine and exocrine cells. Notably, transgenic embryos displayed disrupted islet cellular composition and morphology, with a reduced β-cell portion. Our results indicate that the cell-specific growth rates of α- and β-cell populations, found during normal development, require regulated mesenchymal Hh signaling. In addition, we detected hyperplasia of mesenchymal cells upon elevated Hh signaling, accompanied by them acquiring smooth-muscle like phenotype. By specifically manipulating mesenchymal cells, our findings provide direct evidence for the non-autonomous roles of the Hh pathway in pancreatic epithelium development. To conclude, we directly show that regulated mesenchymal Hh signaling is required for pancreas organogenesis and establishment of its proper cellular composition.
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48
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Bechard ME, Wright CVE. New ideas connecting the cell cycle and pancreatic endocrine-lineage specification. Cell Cycle 2016; 16:301-303. [PMID: 27860540 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1256149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E Bechard
- a Vanderbilt University Program in Developmental Biology , Department of Cell and Developmental Biology , Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville , TN , USA
| | - Christopher V E Wright
- a Vanderbilt University Program in Developmental Biology , Department of Cell and Developmental Biology , Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville , TN , USA
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49
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Bechard ME, Bankaitis ED, Hipkens SB, Ustione A, Piston DW, Yang YP, Magnuson MA, Wright CVE. Precommitment low-level Neurog3 expression defines a long-lived mitotic endocrine-biased progenitor pool that drives production of endocrine-committed cells. Genes Dev 2016; 30:1852-65. [PMID: 27585590 PMCID: PMC5024683 DOI: 10.1101/gad.284729.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bechard et al. show that a cell population defined as Neurog3 transcriptionally active and Sox9+ and often containing nonimmunodetectable Neurog3 protein has a relatively high mitotic index and prolonged epithelial residency. They propose that this endocrine-biased mitotic progenitor state is functionally separated from a pro-ductal pool and endows them with long-term capacity to make endocrine fate-directed progeny. The current model for endocrine cell specification in the pancreas invokes high-level production of the transcription factor Neurogenin 3 (Neurog3) in Sox9+ bipotent epithelial cells as the trigger for endocrine commitment, cell cycle exit, and rapid delamination toward proto-islet clusters. This model posits a transient Neurog3 expression state and short epithelial residence period. We show, however, that a Neurog3TA.LO cell population, defined as Neurog3 transcriptionally active and Sox9+ and often containing nonimmunodetectable Neurog3 protein, has a relatively high mitotic index and prolonged epithelial residency. We propose that this endocrine-biased mitotic progenitor state is functionally separated from a pro-ductal pool and endows them with long-term capacity to make endocrine fate-directed progeny. A novel BAC transgenic Neurog3 reporter detected two types of mitotic behavior in Sox9+Neurog3TA.LO progenitors, associated with progenitor pool maintenance or derivation of endocrine-committed Neurog3HI cells, respectively. Moreover, limiting Neurog3 expression dramatically increased the proportional representation of Sox9+Neurog3TA.LO progenitors, with a doubling of its mitotic index relative to normal Neurog3 expression, suggesting that low Neurog3 expression is a defining feature of this cycling endocrine-biased state. We propose that Sox9+Neurog3TA.LO endocrine-biased progenitors feed production of Neurog3HI endocrine-committed cells during pancreas organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E Bechard
- Vanderbilt University Program in Developmental Biology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Eric D Bankaitis
- Vanderbilt University Program in Developmental Biology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Susan B Hipkens
- Vanderbilt University Program in Developmental Biology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Alessandro Ustione
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - David W Piston
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Yu-Ping Yang
- Vanderbilt University Program in Developmental Biology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Mark A Magnuson
- Vanderbilt University Program in Developmental Biology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Christopher V E Wright
- Vanderbilt University Program in Developmental Biology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
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50
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Henley KD, Stanescu DE, Kropp PA, Wright CVE, Won KJ, Stoffers DA, Gannon M. Threshold-Dependent Cooperativity of Pdx1 and Oc1 in Pancreatic Progenitors Establishes Competency for Endocrine Differentiation and β-Cell Function. Cell Rep 2016; 15:2637-2650. [PMID: 27292642 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pdx1 and Oc1 are co-expressed in multipotent pancreatic progenitors and regulate the pro-endocrine gene Neurog3. Their expression diverges in later organogenesis, with Oc1 absent from hormone+ cells and Pdx1 maintained in mature β cells. In a classical genetic test for cooperative functional interactions, we derived mice with combined Pdx1 and Oc1 heterozygosity. Endocrine development in double-heterozygous pancreata was normal at embryonic day (E)13.5, but defects in specification and differentiation were apparent at E15.5, the height of the second wave of differentiation. Pancreata from double heterozygotes showed alterations in the expression of genes crucial for β-cell development and function, decreased numbers and altered allocation of Neurog3-expressing endocrine progenitors, and defective endocrine differentiation. Defects in islet gene expression and β-cell function persisted in double heterozygous neonates. These results suggest that Oc1 and Pdx1 cooperate prior to their divergence, in pancreatic progenitors, to allow for proper differentiation and functional maturation of β cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn D Henley
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232.,Program in Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Diana E Stanescu
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism and the Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.,Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia PA 19104
| | - Peter A Kropp
- Program in Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Christopher V E Wright
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232.,Program in Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Kyoung-Jae Won
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism and the Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Doris A Stoffers
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism and the Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Maureen Gannon
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232.,Program in Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232.,Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Authority, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212
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