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Yang Y, Tan YQ, Wang X, Li JJ, Du BY, Zhu M, Wang P, Wang YF. OPEN STOMATA 1 phosphorylates CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-GATED CHANNELs to trigger Ca2+ signaling for abscisic acid-induced stomatal closure in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:2328-2358. [PMID: 38442317 PMCID: PMC11132897 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Multiple cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (CNGCs) are abscisic acid (ABA)-activated Ca2+ channels in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) guard cells. In particular, CNGC5, CNGC6, CNGC9, and CNGC12 are essential for ABA-specific cytosolic Ca2+ signaling and stomatal movements. However, the mechanisms underlying ABA-mediated regulation of CNGCs and Ca2+ signaling are still unknown. In this study, we identified the Ca2+-independent protein kinase OPEN STOMATA 1 (OST1) as a CNGC activator in Arabidopsis. OST1-targeted phosphorylation sites were identified in CNGC5, CNGC6, CNGC9, and CNGC12. These CNGCs were strongly inhibited by Ser-to-Ala mutations and fully activated by Ser-to-Asp mutations at the OST1-targeted sites. The overexpression of individual inactive CNGCs (iCNGCs) under the UBIQUITIN10 promoter in wild-type Arabidopsis conferred a strong dominant-negative-like ABA-insensitive stomatal closure phenotype. In contrast, expressing active CNGCs (aCNGCs) under their respective native promoters in the cngc5-1 cngc6-2 cngc9-1 cngc12-1 quadruple mutant fully restored ABA-activated cytosolic Ca2+ oscillations and Ca2+ currents in guard cells, and rescued the ABA-insensitive stomatal movement mutant phenotypes. Thus, we uncovered that ABA elicits cytosolic Ca2+ signaling via an OST1-CNGC module, in which OST1 functions as a convergence point of the Ca2+-dependent and -independent pathways in Arabidopsis guard cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yan-Qiu Tan
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xinyong Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jia-Jun Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bo-Ya Du
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Meijun Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- Institute of Advanced Biotechnology and School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yong-Fei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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Li K, Grauschopf C, Hedrich R, Dreyer I, Konrad KR. K + and pH homeostasis in plant cells is controlled by a synchronized K + /H + antiport at the plasma and vacuolar membrane. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:1525-1542. [PMID: 38017688 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Stomatal movement involves ion transport across the plasma membrane (PM) and vacuolar membrane (VM) of guard cells. However, the coupling mechanisms of ion transporters in both membranes and their interplay with Ca2+ and pH changes are largely unclear. Here, we investigated transporter networks in tobacco guard cells and mesophyll cells using multiparametric live-cell ion imaging and computational simulations. K+ and anion fluxes at both, PM and VM, affected H+ and Ca2+ , as changes in extracellular KCl or KNO3 concentrations were accompanied by cytosolic and vacuolar pH shifts and changes in [Ca2+ ]cyt and the membrane potential. At both membranes, the K+ transporter networks mediated an antiport of K+ and H+ . By contrast, net transport of anions was accompanied by parallel H+ transport, with differences in transport capacity for chloride and nitrate. Guard and mesophyll cells exhibited similarities in K+ /H+ transport but cell type-specific differences in [H+ ]cyt and pH-dependent [Ca2+ ]cyt signals. Computational cell biology models explained mechanistically the properties of transporter networks and the coupling of transport across the PM and VM. Our integrated approach indicates fundamental principles of coupled ion transport at membrane sandwiches to control H+ /K+ homeostasis and points to transceptor-like Ca2+ /H+ -based ion signaling in plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunkun Li
- Department of Botany I, Julius-Von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, University of Wuerzburg, 97082, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Christina Grauschopf
- Department of Botany I, Julius-Von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, University of Wuerzburg, 97082, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Department of Botany I, Julius-Von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, University of Wuerzburg, 97082, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Dreyer
- Faculty of Engineering, Center of Bioinformatics, Simulation and Modeling (CBSM), University of Talca, 3460000, Talca, Chile
| | - Kai R Konrad
- Department of Botany I, Julius-Von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, University of Wuerzburg, 97082, Wuerzburg, Germany
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Tan YQ, Yang Y, Shen X, Zhu M, Shen J, Zhang W, Hu H, Wang YF. Multiple cyclic nucleotide-gated channels function as ABA-activated Ca2+ channels required for ABA-induced stomatal closure in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:239-259. [PMID: 36069643 PMCID: PMC9806652 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA)-activated inward Ca2+-permeable channels in the plasma membrane (PM) of guard cells are required for the initiation and regulation of ABA-specific cytosolic Ca2+ signaling and stomatal closure in plants. But the identities of the PM Ca2+ channels are still unknown. We hypothesized that the ABA-activated Ca2+ channels consist of multiple CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-GATED CHANNEL (CNGC) proteins from the CNGC family, which is known as a Ca2+-permeable channel family in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). In this research, we observed high expression of multiple CNGC genes in Arabidopsis guard cells, namely CNGC5, CNGC6, CNGC9, and CNGC12. The T-DNA insertional loss-of-function quadruple mutant cngc5-1 cngc6-2 cngc9-1 cngc12-1 (hereafter c5/6/9/12) showed a strong ABA-insensitive phenotype of stomatal closure. Further analysis revealed that ABA-activated Ca2+ channel currents were impaired, and ABA-specific cytosolic Ca2+ oscillation patterns were disrupted in c5/6/9/12 guard cells compared with in wild-type guard cells. All ABA-related phenotypes of the c5/6/9/12 mutant were successfully rescued by the expression of a single gene out of the four CNGCs under the respective native promoter. Thus, our findings reveal a type of ABA-activated PM Ca2+ channel comprising multiple CNGCs, which is essential for ABA-specific Ca2+ signaling of guard cells and ABA-induced stomatal closure in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Qiu Tan
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yang Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xin Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Meijun Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jianlin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Honghong Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yong-Fei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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Kashtoh H, Baek KH. Structural and Functional Insights into the Role of Guard Cell Ion Channels in Abiotic Stress-Induced Stomatal Closure. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10122774. [PMID: 34961246 PMCID: PMC8707303 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A stomatal pore is formed by a pair of specialized guard cells and serves as a major gateway for water transpiration and atmospheric CO2 influx for photosynthesis in plants. These pores must be tightly controlled, as inadequate CO2 intake and excessive water loss are devastating for plants. When the plants are exposed to extreme weather conditions such as high CO2 levels, O3, low air humidity, and drought, the turgor pressure of the guard cells exhibits an appropriate response against these stresses, which leads to stomatal closure. This phenomenon involves a complex network of ion channels and their regulation. It is well-established that the turgor pressure of guard cells is regulated by ions transportation across the membrane, such as anions and potassium ions. In this review, the guard cell ion channels are discussed, highlighting the structure and functions of key ion channels; the SLAC1 anion channel and KAT1 potassium channel, and their regulatory components, emphasizing their significance in guard cell response to various stimuli.
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Zhou Y, Ding M, Nagel G, Konrad KR, Gao S. Advances and prospects of rhodopsin-based optogenetics in plant research. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:572-589. [PMID: 35237820 PMCID: PMC8491038 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Microbial rhodopsins have advanced optogenetics since the discovery of channelrhodopsins almost two decades ago. During this time an abundance of microbial rhodopsins has been discovered, engineered, and improved for studies in neuroscience and other animal research fields. Optogenetic applications in plant research, however, lagged largely behind. Starting with light-regulated gene expression, optogenetics has slowly expanded into plant research. The recently established all-trans retinal production in plants now enables the use of many microbial opsins, bringing extra opportunities to plant research. In this review, we summarize the recent advances of rhodopsin-based plant optogenetics and provide a perspective for future use, combined with fluorescent sensors to monitor physiological parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Neurophysiology, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg 97070, Germany
| | - Meiqi Ding
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg 97082, Germany
| | - Georg Nagel
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Neurophysiology, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg 97070, Germany
| | - Kai R. Konrad
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg 97082, Germany
| | - Shiqiang Gao
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Neurophysiology, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg 97070, Germany
- Author for communication:
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Huang S, Ding M, Roelfsema MRG, Dreyer I, Scherzer S, Al-Rasheid KAS, Gao S, Nagel G, Hedrich R, Konrad KR. Optogenetic control of the guard cell membrane potential and stomatal movement by the light-gated anion channel GtACR1. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/28/eabg4619. [PMID: 34244145 PMCID: PMC8270491 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg4619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Guard cells control the aperture of plant stomata, which are crucial for global fluxes of CO2 and water. In turn, guard cell anion channels are seen as key players for stomatal closure, but is activation of these channels sufficient to limit plant water loss? To answer this open question, we used an optogenetic approach based on the light-gated anion channelrhodopsin 1 (GtACR1). In tobacco guard cells that express GtACR1, blue- and green-light pulses elicit Cl- and NO3 - currents of -1 to -2 nA. The anion currents depolarize the plasma membrane by 60 to 80 mV, which causes opening of voltage-gated K+ channels and the extrusion of K+ As a result, continuous stimulation with green light leads to loss of guard cell turgor and closure of stomata at conditions that provoke stomatal opening in wild type. GtACR1 optogenetics thus provides unequivocal evidence that opening of anion channels is sufficient to close stomata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouguang Huang
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, Würzburg University, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Meiqi Ding
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, Würzburg University, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - M Rob G Roelfsema
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, Würzburg University, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Ingo Dreyer
- Center of Bioinformatics, Simulation and Modeling (CBSM), Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, 3460000 Talca, Chile
| | - Sönke Scherzer
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, Würzburg University, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Khaled A S Al-Rasheid
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shiqiang Gao
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, Würzburg University, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute of Physiology, Würzburg University, Röntgenring 9, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Georg Nagel
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, Würzburg University, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute of Physiology, Würzburg University, Röntgenring 9, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, Würzburg University, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Kai R Konrad
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, Würzburg University, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany.
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Saeedpour A, Jahanbakhsh Godehkahriz S, Lohrasebi T, Esfahani K, Hatef Salmanian A, Razavi K. The Effect of Endogenous Hormones, Total Antioxidant and Total Phenol Changes on Regeneration of Barley Cultivars. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 19:e2838. [PMID: 34179198 PMCID: PMC8217535 DOI: 10.30498/ijb.2021.2838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Background Barley (Hordeum vulgar L.) is a valuable platform for producing recombinant proteins. Before using different barley cultivars as an efficient platform for molecular farming, optimization of cultural conditions and studying the effective factors on the tissue culture are critical. Objectives In this study, we evaluated callus induction, plant regeneration and changes in the levels of total antioxidant, total phenol and endogenous hormones of three Iranian barley cultivars (Reyhan, Yousef and Bahman) and Golden Promise cultivar. Materials and Methods We used immature embryos as explants on MS-based medium containing 3 mg.L-1 2,4-D for callus induction. Calluses were transferred to regeneration media with 2 mg.L-1 BAP. The levels of endogenous hormones were measured using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography system and total antioxidant and total phenols were determined using a spectrophotometer. Results We demonstrated that callus formation was very high in all cultivars (about 91%) and all immature embryo explants had the potential to produce embryogenic calluses. The present study also showed that the regeneration rates among the studied cultivars were very different and the Iranian cultivars showed lower regeneration percentages (about 1.4%) compared to Golden Promise cultivar (about 72.5%). The levels of endogenous hormones in Iranian cultivars and Golden Promise varied distinctly and significant differences in terms of total antioxidants and total phenols were found in the two groups. Conclusions Accumulated evidence suggests that for successful regeneration of recalcitrant cultivars, external treatments should be done in a way to reduce the inhibitory effects of internal factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Saeedpour
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Sodabeh Jahanbakhsh Godehkahriz
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Tahmineh Lohrasebi
- Department of Plant Bioproducts, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kasra Esfahani
- Department of Plant Bioproducts, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Hatef Salmanian
- Department of Plant Bioproducts, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Razavi
- Department of Plant Bioproducts, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
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Hsu PK, Dubeaux G, Takahashi Y, Schroeder JI. Signaling mechanisms in abscisic acid-mediated stomatal closure. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 105:307-321. [PMID: 33145840 PMCID: PMC7902384 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays a central role in the regulation of stomatal movements under water-deficit conditions. The identification of ABA receptors and the ABA signaling core consisting of PYR/PYL/RCAR ABA receptors, PP2C protein phosphatases and SnRK2 protein kinases has led to studies that have greatly advanced our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms mediating ABA-induced stomatal closure in the past decade. This review focuses on recent progress in illuminating the regulatory mechanisms of ABA signal transduction, and the physiological importance of basal ABA signaling in stomatal regulation by CO2 and, as hypothesized here, vapor-pressure deficit. Furthermore, advances in understanding the interactions of ABA and other stomatal signaling pathways are reviewed here. We also review recent studies investigating the use of ABA signaling mechanisms for the manipulation of stomatal conductance and the enhancement of drought tolerance and water-use efficiency of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Kai Hsu
- Cell and Developmental Biology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093-0116, USA
| | - Guillaume Dubeaux
- Cell and Developmental Biology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093-0116, USA
| | - Yohei Takahashi
- Cell and Developmental Biology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093-0116, USA
| | - Julian I. Schroeder
- Cell and Developmental Biology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093-0116, USA
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Aliniaeifard S, Shomali A, Seifikalhor M, Lastochkina O. Calcium Signaling in Plants Under Drought. SALT AND DROUGHT STRESS TOLERANCE IN PLANTS 2020:259-298. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-40277-8_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
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10
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Hoshika Y, De Carlo A, Baraldi R, Neri L, Carrari E, Agathokleous E, Zhang L, Fares S, Paoletti E. Ozone-induced impairment of night-time stomatal closure in O 3-sensitive poplar clone is affected by nitrogen but not by phosphorus enrichment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 692:713-722. [PMID: 31539979 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nocturnal transpiration may be a key factor influencing water use in plants. Tropospheric ozone (O3) and availability of nutrients such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in the soil can affect daytime water use through stomata, but the combined effects of O3, N and P on night-time stomatal conductance (gs) are not known. We investigated the effects of O3 and soil availability of N and P on nocturnal gs and the dynamics of stomatal response after leaf severing in an O3-sensitive poplar clone (Oxford) subjected to combined treatments over a growing season in an O3 free air controlled exposure (FACE) facility. The treatments were two soil N levels (0 and 80 kg N ha-1; N0 and N80), three soil P levels (0, 40 and 80 kg P ha-1; P0, P40 and P80) and three O3 levels (ambient concentration, AA [35.0 ppb as hourly mean]; 1.5 × AA; 2.0 × AA). The analysis of stomatal dynamics after leaf severing suggested that O3 impaired stomatal closure execution. As a result, nocturnal gs was increased by 2.0 × AA O3 in August (+39%) and September (+108%). Night-time gs was correlated with POD0 (phytotoxic O3 dose) and increased exponentially after 40 mmol m-2 POD0. Such increase of nocturnal gs was attributed to the emission of ethylene due to 2.0 × AA O3 exposure, while foliar abscisic acid (ABA) or indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) did not affect gs at night. Interestingly, the O3-induced stomatal opening at night was limited by N treatments in August, but not limited in September. Phosphorus decreased nocturnal gs, although P did not modify the O3-induced stomatal dysfunction. The results suggest that the increased nocturnal gs may be associated with a need to improve N acquisition to cope with O3 stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutomo Hoshika
- Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri (IRET), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Anna De Carlo
- Istituto di Bioeconomia (IBE), National Research Council (CNR), via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Rita Baraldi
- Istituto di Bioeconomia (IBE), National Research Council (CNR), Via P. Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luisa Neri
- Istituto di Bioeconomia (IBE), National Research Council (CNR), Via P. Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Carrari
- Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri (IRET), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Institute of Ecology, Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST), Nanjing, Jiangsu 210044, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Road 600, 150030 Harbin, China
| | - Silvano Fares
- Research Centre for Forestry and Wood, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Roma, Italy
| | - Elena Paoletti
- Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri (IRET), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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Babla M, Cai S, Chen G, Tissue DT, Cazzonelli CI, Chen ZH. Molecular Evolution and Interaction of Membrane Transport and Photoreception in Plants. Front Genet 2019; 10:956. [PMID: 31681411 PMCID: PMC6797626 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Light is a vital regulator that controls physiological and cellular responses to regulate plant growth, development, yield, and quality. Light is the driving force for electron and ion transport in the thylakoid membrane and other membranes of plant cells. In different plant species and cell types, light activates photoreceptors, thereby modulating plasma membrane transport. Plants maximize their growth and photosynthesis by facilitating the coordinated regulation of ion channels, pumps, and co-transporters across membranes to fine-tune nutrient uptake. The signal-transducing functions associated with membrane transporters, pumps, and channels impart a complex array of mechanisms to regulate plant responses to light. The identification of light responsive membrane transport components and understanding of their potential interaction with photoreceptors will elucidate how light-activated signaling pathways optimize plant growth, production, and nutrition to the prevailing environmental changes. This review summarizes the mechanisms underlying the physiological and molecular regulations of light-induced membrane transport and their potential interaction with photoreceptors in a plant evolutionary and nutrition context. It will shed new light on plant ecological conservation as well as agricultural production and crop quality, bringing potential nutrition and health benefits to humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Babla
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Shengguan Cai
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guang Chen
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - David T. Tissue
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
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Maheshwari P, Du H, Sheen J, Assmann SM, Albert R. Model-driven discovery of calcium-related protein-phosphatase inhibition in plant guard cell signaling. PLoS Comput Biol 2019; 15:e1007429. [PMID: 31658257 PMCID: PMC6837631 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) promotes stomatal closure via multifarious cellular signaling cascades. Our previous comprehensive reconstruction of the stomatal closure network resulted in an 81-node network with 153 edges. Discrete dynamic modeling utilizing this network reproduced over 75% of experimental observations but a few experimentally supported results were not recapitulated. Here we identify predictions that improve the agreement between model and experiment. We performed dynamics-preserving network reduction, resulting in a condensed 49 node and 113 edge stomatal closure network that preserved all dynamics-determining network motifs and reproduced the predictions of the original model. We then utilized the reduced network to explore cases in which experimental activation of internal nodes in the absence of ABA elicited stomatal closure in wet bench experiments, but not in our in silico model. Our simulations revealed that addition of a single edge, which allows indirect inhibition of any one of three PP2C protein phosphatases (ABI2, PP2CA, HAB1) by cytosolic Ca2+ elevation, resolves the majority of the discrepancies. Consistent with this hypothesis, we experimentally show that Ca2+ application to cellular lysates at physiological concentrations inhibits PP2C activity. The model augmented with this new edge provides new insights into the role of cytosolic Ca2+ oscillations in stomatal closure, revealing a mutual reinforcement between repeated increases in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration and a self-sustaining feedback circuit inside the signaling network. These results illustrate how iteration between model and experiment can improve predictions of highly complex cellular dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Maheshwari
- Department of Physics, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Hao Du
- Department of Molecular Biology and Centre for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jen Sheen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Centre for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sarah M. Assmann
- Biology Department, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Reka Albert
- Department of Physics, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Biology Department, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Huang S, Waadt R, Nuhkat M, Kollist H, Hedrich R, Roelfsema MRG. Calcium signals in guard cells enhance the efficiency by which abscisic acid triggers stomatal closure. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 224:177-187. [PMID: 31179540 PMCID: PMC6771588 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
During drought, abscisic acid (ABA) induces closure of stomata via a signaling pathway that involves the calcium (Ca2+ )-independent protein kinase OST1, as well as Ca2+ -dependent protein kinases. However, the interconnection between OST1 and Ca2+ signaling in ABA-induced stomatal closure has not been fully resolved. ABA-induced Ca2+ signals were monitored in intact Arabidopsis leaves, which express the ratiometric Ca2+ reporter R-GECO1-mTurquoise and the Ca2+ -dependent activation of S-type anion channels was recorded with intracellular double-barreled microelectrodes. ABA triggered Ca2+ signals that occurred during the initiation period, as well as in the acceleration phase of stomatal closure. However, a subset of stomata closed in the absence of Ca2+ signals. On average, stomata closed faster if Ca2+ signals were elicited during the ABA response. Loss of OST1 prevented ABA-induced stomatal closure and repressed Ca2+ signals, whereas elevation of the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration caused a rapid activation of SLAC1 and SLAH3 anion channels. Our data show that the majority of Ca2+ signals are evoked during the acceleration phase of stomatal closure, which is initiated by OST1. These Ca2+ signals are likely to activate Ca2+ -dependent protein kinases, which enhance the activity of S-type anion channels and boost stomatal closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouguang Huang
- Molecular Plant Physiology and BiophysicsJulius‐von‐Sachs Institute for BiosciencesBiocenter, Würzburg UniversityJulius‐von‐Sachs‐Platz 2D‐97082 WürzburgGermany
| | - Rainer Waadt
- Centre for Organismal StudiesPlant Developmental BiologyRuprecht‐Karls‐Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 230D‐69120 HeidelbergGermany
| | - Maris Nuhkat
- Institute of TechnologyUniversity of TartuNooruse 1Tartu50411Estonia
| | - Hannes Kollist
- Institute of TechnologyUniversity of TartuNooruse 1Tartu50411Estonia
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Molecular Plant Physiology and BiophysicsJulius‐von‐Sachs Institute for BiosciencesBiocenter, Würzburg UniversityJulius‐von‐Sachs‐Platz 2D‐97082 WürzburgGermany
| | - M. Rob G. Roelfsema
- Molecular Plant Physiology and BiophysicsJulius‐von‐Sachs Institute for BiosciencesBiocenter, Würzburg UniversityJulius‐von‐Sachs‐Platz 2D‐97082 WürzburgGermany
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Luu K, Rajagopalan N, Ching JCH, Loewen MC, Loewen ME. The malate-activated ALMT12 anion channel in the grass Brachypodium distachyon is co-activated by Ca 2+/calmodulin. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:6142-6156. [PMID: 30770467 PMCID: PMC6463695 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In plants, strict regulation of stomatal pores is critical for modulation of CO2 fixation and transpiration. Under certain abiotic and biotic stressors, pore closure is initiated through anionic flux, with calcium (Ca2+) playing a central role. The aluminum-activated malate transporter 12 (ALMT12) is a malate-activated, voltage-dependent member of the aluminum-activated malate transporter family that has been implicated in anionic flux from guard cells controlling the stomatal aperture. Herein, we report the characterization of the regulatory mechanisms mediating channel activities of an ALMT from the grass Brachypodium distachyon (BdALMT12) that has the highest sequence identity to Arabidopsis thaliana ALMT12. Electrophysiological studies in a heterologous cell system confirmed that this channel is malate- and voltage-dependent. However, this was shown to be true only in the presence of Ca2+ Although a general kinase inhibitor increased the current density of BdALMT12, a calmodulin (CaM) inhibitor reduced the Ca2+-dependent channel activation. We investigated the physiological relevance of the CaM-based regulation in planta, where stomatal closure, induced by exogenous Ca2+ ionophore and malate, was shown to be inhibited by exogenous application of a CaM inhibitor. Subsequent analyses revealed that the double substitutions R335A/R338A and R335A/K342A, within a predicted BdALMT12 CaM-binding domain (CBD), also decreased the channels' ability to activate. Using isothermal titration calorimetry and CBD-mimetic peptides, as well as CaM-agarose affinity pulldown of full-length recombinant BdALMT12, we confirmed the physical interaction between the CBD and CaM. Together, these findings support a co-regulatory mechanism of BdALMT12 activation by malate, and Ca2+/CaM, emphasizing that a complex regulatory network modulates BdALMT12 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanh Luu
- From the Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 1B8
| | | | - John C H Ching
- From the Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 1B8
| | - Michele C Loewen
- the National Research Council of Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 0W9; the National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada; the Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 0N6, Canada.
| | - Matthew E Loewen
- From the Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 1B8
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15
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Waidyarathne P, Samarasinghe S. Boolean Calcium Signalling Model Predicts Calcium Role in Acceleration and Stability of Abscisic Acid-Mediated Stomatal Closure. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17635. [PMID: 30518777 PMCID: PMC6281740 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35872-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Inconsistent hypotheses have proposed Ca2+ as either being essential or irrelevant and redundant in ABA induced stomatal closure. This study integrates all available information from literature to define ABA signalling pathway and presents it in a systems view for clearer understanding of the role of Ca2+ in stomatal closure. Importantly, it incorporates into an Asynchronous Boolean model time delays sourced from an extensive literature search. The model predicted the timing of ABA events and mutant behaviour close to biology. It revealed biologically reported timing for Ca2+ activation and Ca2+ dynamics consistent with biology. It also predicts that Ca2+ elevation is not essential in stomatal closure but it can accelerate closure, consistent with previous findings, but our model further explains that acting as a mediator, Ca2+ accelerates stomatal closure by enhancing plasma membrane slowly activating anion channel SLAC1 and actin rearrangement. It shows statistical significance of Ca2+ induced acceleration of closure and that of Ca2+ induced acceleration of SLAC1 activation. Further, the model demonstrates that Ca2+ enhances resilience of closure to perturbation of important elements; especially, ROS pathway, as did previous ABA model, and even to the ABA signal disruption. It goes further to elucidate the mechanisms by which Ca2+ engenders stomatal closure in these perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramuditha Waidyarathne
- Complex Systems, Big Data and Informatics Initiative (CSBII), Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand.,Coconout Research Institute, Lunuwila, Sri Lanka
| | - Sandhya Samarasinghe
- Complex Systems, Big Data and Informatics Initiative (CSBII), Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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16
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Zhang L, Hoshika Y, Carrari E, Cotrozzi L, Pellegrini E, Paoletti E. Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus imbalance on photosynthetic traits of poplar Oxford clone under ozone pollution. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2018; 131:915-924. [PMID: 30426334 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-018-1071-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Ozone (O3) pollution and the availability of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in the soil both affect plant photosynthesis and chlorophyll (Chl) content, but the interaction of O3 and nutrition is unclear. We postulated that the nutritional condition changes plant photosynthetic responses to O3. An O3-sensitive poplar clone (Oxford) was subject to two N levels (N0, 0 kg N ha- 1; N80, 80 kg N ha- 1), two P levels (P0, 0 kg P ha- 1; P80, 80 kg P ha- 1) and three levels of O3 exposure (ambient concentration, AA; 1.5 × AA; 2.0 × AA) over a growing season in an O3 free air controlled exposure (FACE) facility. The daily change of leaf gas exchange and dark respiration (Rd) were investigated at mid-summer (August). Chl a fluorescence was measured three times in July, August and September. At the end of the growing season, Chl content was measured. It was found that Chl content, the maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm), Chl a fluorescence performance index (PI) and gas exchange were negatively affected by elevated O3. Phosphorus may mitigate the O3-induced reduction of the ratio of photosynthesis to stomatal conductance, while it exacerbated the O3-induced loss of Fv/Fm. Nitrogen alleviated negative effects of O3 on Fv/Fm and PI in July. Ozone-induced loss of net photosynthetic rate was mitigated by N in medium O3 exposure (1.5 × AA). However, such a mitigation effect was not observed in the higher O3 level (2.0 × AA). Nitrogen addition exacerbated O3-induced increase of Rd suggesting an increased respiratory carbon loss in the presence of O3 and N. This may result in a further reduction of the net carbon gain for poplars exposed to O3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Road 600, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yasutomo Hoshika
- National Research Council of Italy, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Florence, Italy.
| | - Elisa Carrari
- National Research Council of Italy, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cotrozzi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Pellegrini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elena Paoletti
- National Research Council of Italy, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Florence, Italy
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17
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Voss LJ, McAdam SAM, Knoblauch M, Rathje JM, Brodribb T, Hedrich R, Roelfsema MRG. Guard cells in fern stomata are connected by plasmodesmata, but control cytosolic Ca 2+ levels autonomously. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 219:206-215. [PMID: 29655174 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that some responses of fern stomata to environmental signals differ from those of their relatives in seed plants. However, it is unknown whether the biophysical properties of guard cells differ fundamentally between species of both clades. Intracellular micro-electrodes and the fluorescent Ca2+ reporter FURA2 were used to study voltage-dependent cation channels and Ca2+ signals in guard cells of the ferns Polypodium vulgare and Asplenium scolopendrium. Voltage clamp experiments with fern guard cells revealed similar properties of voltage-dependent K+ channels as found in seed plants. However, fluorescent dyes moved within the fern stomata, from one guard cell to the other, which does not occur in most seed plants. Despite the presence of plasmodesmata, which interconnect fern guard cells, Ca2+ signals could be elicited in each of the cells individually. Based on the common properties of voltage-dependent channels in ferns and seed plants, it is likely that these key transport proteins are conserved in vascular plants. However, the symplastic connections between fern guard cells in mature stomata indicate that the biophysical mechanisms that control stomatal movements differ between ferns and seed plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena J Voss
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, Würzburg University, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Scott A M McAdam
- School of Biological Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
- Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, 915 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Michael Knoblauch
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, PO Box 644236, Pullman, WA, 99164-4236, USA
| | - Jan M Rathje
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, Würzburg University, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tim Brodribb
- School of Biological Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, Würzburg University, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - M Rob G Roelfsema
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, Würzburg University, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082, Würzburg, Germany
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18
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Konrad KR, Maierhofer T, Hedrich R. Spatio-temporal Aspects of Ca2+ Signalling: Lessons from Guard Cells and Pollen Tubes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:4986225. [PMID: 29701811 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Changes in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]cyt) serve to transmit information in eukaryotic cells. The involvement of this second messenger in plant cell growth as well as osmotic- and water relations is well established. After almost 40 years of intense research on the coding and decoding of plant Ca2+ signals, numerous proteins involved in Ca2+ action have been identified. However, we are still far from understanding the complexity of Ca2+ networks. New in vivo Ca2+ imaging techniques combined with molecular genetics allow visualisation of spatio-temporal aspects of Ca2+ signalling. In parallel, cell biology together with protein biochemistry and electrophysiology are able to dissect information processing by this second messenger in space and time. Here we focus on the time-resolved changes in cellular events upon Ca2+ signals, concentrating on the two best-studied cell types, pollen tubes and guard cells. We put their signalling networks side by side, compare them with those of other cell types and discuss rapid signalling in the context of Ca2+ transients and oscillations to regulate ion homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Konrad
- University of Wuerzburg, Julius-Von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Department of Botany I, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - T Maierhofer
- University of Wuerzburg, Julius-Von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Department of Botany I, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - R Hedrich
- University of Wuerzburg, Julius-Von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Department of Botany I, Wuerzburg, Germany
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19
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Wang Y, Hills A, Vialet-Chabrand S, Papanatsiou M, Griffiths H, Rogers S, Lawson T, Lew VL, Blatt MR. Unexpected Connections between Humidity and Ion Transport Discovered Using a Model to Bridge Guard Cell-to-Leaf Scales. THE PLANT CELL 2017; 29:2921-2939. [PMID: 29093213 PMCID: PMC5728137 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.17.00694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Stomatal movements depend on the transport and metabolism of osmotic solutes that drive reversible changes in guard cell volume and turgor. These processes are defined by a deep knowledge of the identities of the key transporters and of their biophysical and regulatory properties, and have been modeled successfully with quantitative kinetic detail at the cellular level. Transpiration of the leaf and canopy, by contrast, is described by quasilinear, empirical relations for the inputs of atmospheric humidity, CO2, and light, but without connection to guard cell mechanics. Until now, no framework has been available to bridge this gap and provide an understanding of their connections. Here, we introduce OnGuard2, a quantitative systems platform that utilizes the molecular mechanics of ion transport, metabolism, and signaling of the guard cell to define the water relations and transpiration of the leaf. We show that OnGuard2 faithfully reproduces the kinetics of stomatal conductance in Arabidopsis thaliana and its dependence on vapor pressure difference (VPD) and on water feed to the leaf. OnGuard2 also predicted with VPD unexpected alterations in K+ channel activities and changes in stomatal conductance of the slac1 Cl- channel and ost2 H+-ATPase mutants, which we verified experimentally. OnGuard2 thus bridges the micro-macro divide, offering a powerful tool with which to explore the links between guard cell homeostasis, stomatal dynamics, and foliar transpiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Wang
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian Hills
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Maria Papanatsiou
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Howard Griffiths
- Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Rogers
- Computing Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Tracy Lawson
- Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom
| | - Virgilio L Lew
- Physiological Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, United Kingdom
| | - Michael R Blatt
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
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20
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Hedrich R, Geiger D. Biology of SLAC1-type anion channels - from nutrient uptake to stomatal closure. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 216:46-61. [PMID: 28722226 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Contents 46 I. 46 II. 47 III. 50 IV. 53 V. 56 VI. 57 58 58 References 58 SUMMARY: Stomatal guard cells control leaf CO2 intake and concomitant water loss to the atmosphere. When photosynthetic CO2 assimilation is limited and the ratio of CO2 intake to transpiration becomes suboptimal, guard cells, sensing the rise in CO2 concentration in the substomatal cavity, deflate and the stomata close. Screens for mutants that do not close in response to experimentally imposed high CO2 atmospheres identified the guard cell-expressed Slowly activating anion channel, SLAC1, as the key player in the regulation of stomatal closure. SLAC1 evolved, though, before the emergence of guard cells. In Arabidopsis, SLAC1 is the founder member of a family of anion channels, which comprises four homologues. SLAC1 and SLAH3 mediate chloride and nitrate transport in guard cells, while SLAH1, SLAH2 and SLAH3 are engaged in root nitrate and chloride acquisition, and anion translocation to the shoot. The signal transduction pathways involved in CO2 , water stress and nutrient-sensing activate SLAC/SLAH via distinct protein kinase/phosphatase pairs. In this review, we discuss the role that SLAC/SLAH channels play in guard cell closure, on the one hand, and in the root-shoot continuum on the other, along with the molecular basis of the channels' anion selectivity and gating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Hedrich
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, 97082, Germany
| | - Dietmar Geiger
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, 97082, Germany
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21
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Samuilov S, Lang F, Djukic M, Djunisijevic-Bojovic D, Rennenberg H. Lead uptake increases drought tolerance of wild type and transgenic poplar (Populus tremula x P. alba) overexpressing gsh 1. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 216:773-785. [PMID: 27396669 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Growth and development of plants largely depends on their adaptation ability in a changing climate. This is particularly true on heavy metal contaminated soils, but the interaction of heavy metal stress and climate on plant performance has not been intensively investigated. The aim of the present study was to elucidate if transgenic poplars (Populus tremula x P. alba) with enhanced glutathione content possess an enhanced tolerance to drought and lead (Pb) exposure (single and in combination) and if they are good candidates for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil. Lead exposure reduced growth and biomass accumulation only in above-ground tissue of wild type poplar, although most of lead accumulated in the roots. Drought caused a decline of the water content rather than reduced biomass production, while Pb counteracted this decline in the combined exposure. Apparently, metals such as Pb possess a protective function against drought, because they interact with abscisic acid dependent stomatal closure. Lead exposure decreased while drought increased glutathione content in leaves of both plant types. Lead accumulation was higher in the roots of transgenic plants, presumably as a result of chelation by glutathione. Water deprivation enhanced Pb accumulation in the roots, but Pb was subject to leakage out of the roots after re-watering. Transgenic plants showed better adaptation under mild drought plus Pb exposure partially due to improved glutathione synthesis. However, the transgenic plants cannot be considered as a good candidate for phytoremediation of Pb, due to its small translocation to the shoots and its leakage out of the roots upon re-watering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sladjana Samuilov
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 53, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Friedericke Lang
- Chair of Soil Ecology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Bertoldstr. 17, 79098 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matilda Djukic
- Chair of Landscape Horticulture, Faculty of Forestry, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Djunisijevic-Bojovic
- Chair of Landscape Horticulture, Faculty of Forestry, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 53, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; King Saud University, P.O. Box 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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22
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Zhang XC, Gao HJ, Yang TY, Wu HH, Wang YM, Wan XC. Al(3+) -promoted fluoride accumulation in tea plants (Camellia sinensis) was inhibited by an anion channel inhibitor DIDS. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:4224-4230. [PMID: 26777729 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Generally, tea plants are grown in acid soil which is rich in aluminum (Al) and fluoride (F). A recent publication showed that pretreatment with Al(3+) promoted F accumulation in tea plants by increasing endogenous Ca(2+) and calmodulin (CaM). A high level of F in tea leaves not only impairs tea quality but also might pose a health risk for people drinking tea regularly. Therefore it is important to try to find some clues which might be beneficial in controlling F accumulation in tea plants grown in acid soil (Al(3+) ). RESULTS It was found that diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2-disulfonic acid (DIDS) significantly reduced Al(3+) -promoted F accumulation in tea plants. Additionally, Al(3+) plus DIDS treatment stimulated significantly higher Ca(2+) efflux and decreased the CaM level in tea roots compared with Al(3+) treatment. Besides, significantly higher depolarization of membrane potential was shown in tea roots treated with Al(3+) plus DIDS than in those treated with Al(3+) , as well as higher net total H(+) efflux and plasma membrane H(+) -ATPase activity. CONCLUSION Al(3+) -promoted F accumulation in tea plants was inhibited by an anion channel inhibitor DIDS. Ca(2+) /CaM and membrane potential depolarization may be the components involved in this process. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Chen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Hong-Jian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Tian-Yuan Yang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hong-Hong Wu
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Yu-Mei Wang
- School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
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Voss LJ, Hedrich R, Roelfsema MRG. Current Injection Provokes Rapid Expansion of the Guard Cell Cytosolic Volume and Triggers Ca(2+) Signals. MOLECULAR PLANT 2016; 9:471-480. [PMID: 26902185 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution microscopy opens the door for detailed single-cell studies with fluorescent reporter dyes and proteins. We used a confocal spinning disc microscope to monitor fluorescent dyes and the fluorescent protein Venus in tobacco and Arabidopsis guard cells. Multi-barreled microelectrodes were used to inject dyes and apply voltage pulses, which provoke transient rises in the cytosolic Ca(2+) level. Voltage pulses also caused changes in the distribution of Lucifer Yellow and Venus, which pointed to a reversible increase of guard cell cytosolic volume. The dynamic cytosolic volume changes turned out to be provoked by current injection of ions. A reduction of the clamp current, by blocking K(+) uptake channels with Cs(+), strongly suppressed the cytosolic volume changes. Cs(+) not only inhibited the expansion of the cytosol, but also inhibited hyperpolarization-induced elevations of the cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration. A complete loss of voltage-induced Ca(2+) signals occurred when Ca(2+)-permeable plasma membrane channels were simultaneously blocked with La(3+). This shows that two mechanisms cause hyperpolarization-induced elevation of the cytosolic Ca(2+)-concentration: (i) activation of voltage-dependent Ca(2+)-permeable channels, (ii) osmotically induced expansion of the cytosol, which leads to a release of Ca(2+) from intracellular stores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena J Voss
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, Würzburg University, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, Würzburg University, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - M Rob G Roelfsema
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, Würzburg University, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany.
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Anion Channel Inhibitor NPPB-Inhibited Fluoride Accumulation in Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis) Is Related to the Regulation of Ca²⁺, CaM and Depolarization of Plasma Membrane Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17010057. [PMID: 26742036 PMCID: PMC4730302 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea plant is known to be a hyper-accumulator of fluoride (F). Over-intake of F has been shown to have adverse effects on human health, e.g., dental fluorosis. Thus, understanding the mechanisms fluoride accumulation and developing potential approaches to decrease F uptake in tea plants might be beneficial for human health. In the present study, we found that pretreatment with the anion channel inhibitor NPPB reduced F accumulation in tea plants. Simultaneously, we observed that NPPB triggered Ca(2+) efflux from mature zone of tea root and significantly increased relative CaM in tea roots. Besides, pretreatment with the Ca(2+) chelator (EGTA) and CaM antagonists (CPZ and TFP) suppressed NPPB-elevated cytosolic Ca(2+) fluorescence intensity and CaM concentration in tea roots, respectively. Interestingly, NPPB-inhibited F accumulation was found to be significantly alleviated in tea plants pretreated with either Ca(2+) chelator (EGTA) or CaM antagonists (CPZ and TFP). In addition, NPPB significantly depolarized membrane potential transiently and we argue that the net Ca(2+) and H⁺ efflux across the plasma membrane contributed to the restoration of membrane potential. Overall, our results suggest that regulation of Ca(2+)-CaM and plasma membrane potential depolarization are involved in NPPB-inhibited F accumulation in tea plants.
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Wang X, Jia N, Zhao C, Fang Y, Lv T, Zhou W, Sun Y, Li B. Knockout of AtDjB1, a J-domain protein from Arabidopsis thaliana, alters plant responses to osmotic stress and abscisic acid. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2014; 152:286-300. [PMID: 24521401 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
AtDjB1 is a member of the Arabidopsis thaliana J-protein family. AtDjB1 is targeted to the mitochondria and plays a crucial role in A. thaliana heat and oxidative stress resistance. Herein, the role of AtDjB1 in adapting to saline and drought stress was studied in A. thaliana. AtDjB1 expression was induced through salinity, dehydration and abscisic acid (ABA) in young seedlings. Reverse genetic analyses indicate that AtDjB1 is a negative regulator in plant osmotic stress tolerance. Further, AtDjB1 knockout mutant plants (atj1-1) exhibited greater ABA sensitivity compared with the wild-type (WT) plants and the mutant lines with a rescued AtDjB1 gene. AtDjB1 gene knockout also altered the expression of several ABA-responsive genes, which suggests that AtDjB1 is involved in osmotic stress tolerance through its effects on ABA signaling pathways. Moreover, atj1-1 plants exhibited higher glucose levels and greater glucose sensitivity in the post-germination development stage. Applying glucose promoted an ABA response in seedlings, and the promotion was more evident in atj1-1 than WT seedlings. Taken together, higher glucose levels in atj1-1 plants are likely responsible for the greater ABA sensitivity and increased osmotic stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, PR China
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26
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Ronzier E, Corratgé-Faillie C, Sanchez F, Prado K, Brière C, Leonhardt N, Thibaud JB, Xiong TC. CPK13, a noncanonical Ca2+-dependent protein kinase, specifically inhibits KAT2 and KAT1 shaker K+ channels and reduces stomatal opening. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 166:314-26. [PMID: 25037208 PMCID: PMC4149717 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.240226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Ca(2) (+)-dependent protein kinases (CPKs) form a large family of 34 genes in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Based on their dependence on Ca(2+), CPKs can be sorted into three types: strictly Ca(2+)-dependent CPKs, Ca(2+)-stimulated CPKs (with a significant basal activity in the absence of Ca(2+)), and essentially calcium-insensitive CPKs. Here, we report on the third type of CPK, CPK13, which is expressed in guard cells but whose role is still unknown. We confirm the expression of CPK13 in Arabidopsis guard cells, and we show that its overexpression inhibits light-induced stomatal opening. We combine several approaches to identify a guard cell-expressed target. We provide evidence that CPK13 (1) specifically phosphorylates peptide arrays featuring Arabidopsis K(+) Channel KAT2 and KAT1 polypeptides, (2) inhibits KAT2 and/or KAT1 when expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, and (3) closely interacts in plant cells with KAT2 channels (Förster resonance energy transfer-fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy). We propose that CPK13 reduces stomatal aperture through its inhibition of the guard cell-expressed KAT2 and KAT1 channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Ronzier
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 386, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, SupAgro, and Université Montpellier 2, Laboratoire de Biochimie & Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, F-34060 Montpellier cedex 2, France (E.R., C.C.-F., F.S., K.P., J.-B.T., T.C.X.);Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (C.B.);Université Paul Sabatier, Pôle de Biotechnologies Végétales 24, Chemin de Borde Rouge, Boite Postale 42617 Auzeville, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (C.B.); andLaboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Université Aix-Marseille II, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Cadarache Bat 156, 13108 St. Paul Lez Durance, France (N.L.)
| | - Claire Corratgé-Faillie
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 386, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, SupAgro, and Université Montpellier 2, Laboratoire de Biochimie & Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, F-34060 Montpellier cedex 2, France (E.R., C.C.-F., F.S., K.P., J.-B.T., T.C.X.);Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (C.B.);Université Paul Sabatier, Pôle de Biotechnologies Végétales 24, Chemin de Borde Rouge, Boite Postale 42617 Auzeville, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (C.B.); andLaboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Université Aix-Marseille II, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Cadarache Bat 156, 13108 St. Paul Lez Durance, France (N.L.)
| | - Frédéric Sanchez
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 386, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, SupAgro, and Université Montpellier 2, Laboratoire de Biochimie & Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, F-34060 Montpellier cedex 2, France (E.R., C.C.-F., F.S., K.P., J.-B.T., T.C.X.);Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (C.B.);Université Paul Sabatier, Pôle de Biotechnologies Végétales 24, Chemin de Borde Rouge, Boite Postale 42617 Auzeville, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (C.B.); andLaboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Université Aix-Marseille II, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Cadarache Bat 156, 13108 St. Paul Lez Durance, France (N.L.)
| | - Karine Prado
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 386, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, SupAgro, and Université Montpellier 2, Laboratoire de Biochimie & Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, F-34060 Montpellier cedex 2, France (E.R., C.C.-F., F.S., K.P., J.-B.T., T.C.X.);Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (C.B.);Université Paul Sabatier, Pôle de Biotechnologies Végétales 24, Chemin de Borde Rouge, Boite Postale 42617 Auzeville, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (C.B.); andLaboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Université Aix-Marseille II, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Cadarache Bat 156, 13108 St. Paul Lez Durance, France (N.L.)
| | - Christian Brière
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 386, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, SupAgro, and Université Montpellier 2, Laboratoire de Biochimie & Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, F-34060 Montpellier cedex 2, France (E.R., C.C.-F., F.S., K.P., J.-B.T., T.C.X.);Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (C.B.);Université Paul Sabatier, Pôle de Biotechnologies Végétales 24, Chemin de Borde Rouge, Boite Postale 42617 Auzeville, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (C.B.); andLaboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Université Aix-Marseille II, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Cadarache Bat 156, 13108 St. Paul Lez Durance, France (N.L.)
| | - Nathalie Leonhardt
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 386, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, SupAgro, and Université Montpellier 2, Laboratoire de Biochimie & Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, F-34060 Montpellier cedex 2, France (E.R., C.C.-F., F.S., K.P., J.-B.T., T.C.X.);Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (C.B.);Université Paul Sabatier, Pôle de Biotechnologies Végétales 24, Chemin de Borde Rouge, Boite Postale 42617 Auzeville, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (C.B.); andLaboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Université Aix-Marseille II, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Cadarache Bat 156, 13108 St. Paul Lez Durance, France (N.L.)
| | - Jean-Baptiste Thibaud
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 386, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, SupAgro, and Université Montpellier 2, Laboratoire de Biochimie & Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, F-34060 Montpellier cedex 2, France (E.R., C.C.-F., F.S., K.P., J.-B.T., T.C.X.);Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (C.B.);Université Paul Sabatier, Pôle de Biotechnologies Végétales 24, Chemin de Borde Rouge, Boite Postale 42617 Auzeville, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (C.B.); andLaboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Université Aix-Marseille II, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Cadarache Bat 156, 13108 St. Paul Lez Durance, France (N.L.)
| | - Tou Cheu Xiong
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 386, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, SupAgro, and Université Montpellier 2, Laboratoire de Biochimie & Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, F-34060 Montpellier cedex 2, France (E.R., C.C.-F., F.S., K.P., J.-B.T., T.C.X.);Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (C.B.);Université Paul Sabatier, Pôle de Biotechnologies Végétales 24, Chemin de Borde Rouge, Boite Postale 42617 Auzeville, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (C.B.); andLaboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Université Aix-Marseille II, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Cadarache Bat 156, 13108 St. Paul Lez Durance, France (N.L.)
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Gutermuth T, Lassig R, Portes MT, Maierhofer T, Romeis T, Borst JW, Hedrich R, Feijó JA, Konrad KR. Pollen tube growth regulation by free anions depends on the interaction between the anion channel SLAH3 and calcium-dependent protein kinases CPK2 and CPK20. THE PLANT CELL 2013; 25:4525-43. [PMID: 24280384 PMCID: PMC3875734 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.113.118463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Apical growth in pollen tubes (PTs) is associated with the presence of tip-focused ion gradients and fluxes, implying polar localization or regulation of the underlying transporters. The molecular identity and regulation of anion transporters in PTs is unknown. Here we report a negative gradient of cytosolic anion concentration focused on the tip, in negative correlation with the cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration. We hypothesized that a possible link between these two ions is based on the presence of Ca(2+)-dependent protein kinases (CPKs). We characterized anion channels and CPK transcripts in PTs and analyzed their localization. Yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) tagging of a homolog of SLOW ANION CHANNEL-ASSOCIATED1 (SLAH3:YFP) was widespread along PTs, but, in accordance with the anion efflux, CPK2/CPK20/CPK17/CPK34:YFP fluorescence was strictly localized at the tip plasma membrane. Expression of SLAH3 with either CPK2 or CPK20 (but not CPK17/CPK34) in Xenopus laevis oocytes elicited S-type anion channel currents. Interaction of SLAH3 with CPK2/CPK20 (but not CPK17/CPK34) was confirmed by Förster-resonance energy transfer fluorescence lifetime microscopy in Arabidopsis thaliana mesophyll protoplasts and bimolecular fluorescence complementation in living PTs. Compared with wild-type PTs, slah3-1 and slah3-2 as well as cpk2-1 cpk20-2 PTs had reduced anion currents. Double mutant cpk2-1 cpk20-2 and slah3-1 PTs had reduced extracellular anion fluxes at the tip. Our studies provide evidence for a Ca(2+)-dependent CPK2/CPK20 regulation of the anion channel SLAH3 to regulate PT growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Gutermuth
- Gulbenkian Institute of Science, P-2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
- Department of Botany I, Julius-Von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, University of Wuerzburg, 97082 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Roman Lassig
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Free University of Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Tobias Maierhofer
- Department of Botany I, Julius-Von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, University of Wuerzburg, 97082 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Tina Romeis
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Free University of Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan-Willem Borst
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Microspectroscopy Centre, Wageningen University, 6708 Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Department of Botany I, Julius-Von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, University of Wuerzburg, 97082 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - José A. Feijó
- Gulbenkian Institute of Science, P-2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Plant Biology, University of Lisbon, P-1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742-5815
| | - Kai R. Konrad
- Gulbenkian Institute of Science, P-2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
- Department of Botany I, Julius-Von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, University of Wuerzburg, 97082 Wuerzburg, Germany
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28
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Wang Y, Chen ZH, Zhang B, Hills A, Blatt MR. PYR/PYL/RCAR abscisic acid receptors regulate K+ and Cl- channels through reactive oxygen species-mediated activation of Ca2+ channels at the plasma membrane of intact Arabidopsis guard cells. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 163:566-77. [PMID: 23899646 PMCID: PMC3793038 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.219758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of the START family of abscisic acid (ABA) receptors places these proteins at the front of a protein kinase/phosphatase signal cascade that promotes stomatal closure. The connection of these receptors to Ca(2+) signals evoked by ABA has proven more difficult to resolve, although it has been implicated by studies of the pyrbactin-insensitive pyr1/pyl1/pyl2/pyl4 quadruple mutant. One difficulty is that flux through plasma membrane Ca(2+) channels and Ca(2+) release from endomembrane stores coordinately elevate cytosolic free Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]i) in guard cells, and both processes are facilitated by ABA. Here, we describe a method for recording Ca(2+) channels at the plasma membrane of intact guard cells of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). We have used this method to resolve the loss of ABA-evoked Ca(2+) channel activity at the plasma membrane in the pyr1/pyl1/pyl2/pyl4 mutant and show the consequent suppression of [Ca(2+)]i increases in vivo. The basal activity of Ca(2+) channels was not affected in the mutant; raising the concentration of Ca(2+) outside was sufficient to promote Ca(2+) entry, to inactivate current carried by inward-rectifying K(+) channels and to activate current carried by the anion channels, both of which are sensitive to [Ca(2+)]i elevations. However, the ABA-dependent increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) was impaired. Adding the ROS hydrogen peroxide was sufficient to activate the Ca(2+) channels and trigger stomatal closure in the mutant. These results offer direct evidence of PYR/PYL/RCAR receptor coupling to the activation by ABA of plasma membrane Ca(2+) channels through ROS, thus affecting [Ca(2+)]i and its regulation of stomatal closure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ben Zhang
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom (Y.W., Z.-H.C., B.Z., A.H., M.R.B.); and
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury Campus, Richmond, New South Wales 2753, Australia (Z.-H.C.)
| | - Adrian Hills
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom (Y.W., Z.-H.C., B.Z., A.H., M.R.B.); and
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury Campus, Richmond, New South Wales 2753, Australia (Z.-H.C.)
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29
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Wang YF, Munemasa S, Nishimura N, Ren HM, Robert N, Han M, Puzõrjova I, Kollist H, Lee S, Mori I, Schroeder JI. Identification of cyclic GMP-activated nonselective Ca2+-permeable cation channels and associated CNGC5 and CNGC6 genes in Arabidopsis guard cells. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 163:578-90. [PMID: 24019428 PMCID: PMC3793039 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.225045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cytosolic Ca(2+) in guard cells plays an important role in stomatal movement responses to environmental stimuli. These cytosolic Ca(2+) increases result from Ca(2+) influx through Ca(2+)-permeable channels in the plasma membrane and Ca(2+) release from intracellular organelles in guard cells. However, the genes encoding defined plasma membrane Ca(2+)-permeable channel activity remain unknown in guard cells and, with some exceptions, largely unknown in higher plant cells. Here, we report the identification of two Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) cation channel genes, CNGC5 and CNGC6, that are highly expressed in guard cells. Cytosolic application of cyclic GMP (cGMP) and extracellularly applied membrane-permeable 8-Bromoguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate-cGMP both activated hyperpolarization-induced inward-conducting currents in wild-type guard cells using Mg(2+) as the main charge carrier. The cGMP-activated currents were strongly blocked by lanthanum and gadolinium and also conducted Ba(2+), Ca(2+), and Na(+) ions. cngc5 cngc6 double mutant guard cells exhibited dramatically impaired cGMP-activated currents. In contrast, mutations in CNGC1, CNGC2, and CNGC20 did not disrupt these cGMP-activated currents. The yellow fluorescent protein-CNGC5 and yellow fluorescent protein-CNGC6 proteins localize in the cell periphery. Cyclic AMP activated modest inward currents in both wild-type and cngc5cngc6 mutant guard cells. Moreover, cngc5 cngc6 double mutant guard cells exhibited functional abscisic acid (ABA)-activated hyperpolarization-dependent Ca(2+)-permeable cation channel currents, intact ABA-induced stomatal closing responses, and whole-plant stomatal conductance responses to darkness and changes in CO2 concentration. Furthermore, cGMP-activated currents remained intact in the growth controlled by abscisic acid2 and abscisic acid insensitive1 mutants. This research demonstrates that the CNGC5 and CNGC6 genes encode unique cGMP-activated nonselective Ca(2+)-permeable cation channels in the plasma membrane of Arabidopsis guard cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shintaro Munemasa
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China (Y.-F.W., H.-M.R.)
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, and Center for Molecular Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093–0116 (Y.-F.W., S.M., N.N., N.R., M.H., S.L., I.M., J.I.S.)
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia (I.P., H.K.); and
- Division of Agricultural and Life Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 7008530, Japan (S.M.)
| | | | - Hui-Min Ren
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China (Y.-F.W., H.-M.R.)
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, and Center for Molecular Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093–0116 (Y.-F.W., S.M., N.N., N.R., M.H., S.L., I.M., J.I.S.)
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia (I.P., H.K.); and
- Division of Agricultural and Life Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 7008530, Japan (S.M.)
| | - Nadia Robert
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China (Y.-F.W., H.-M.R.)
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, and Center for Molecular Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093–0116 (Y.-F.W., S.M., N.N., N.R., M.H., S.L., I.M., J.I.S.)
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia (I.P., H.K.); and
- Division of Agricultural and Life Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 7008530, Japan (S.M.)
| | - Michelle Han
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China (Y.-F.W., H.-M.R.)
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, and Center for Molecular Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093–0116 (Y.-F.W., S.M., N.N., N.R., M.H., S.L., I.M., J.I.S.)
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia (I.P., H.K.); and
- Division of Agricultural and Life Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 7008530, Japan (S.M.)
| | - Irina Puzõrjova
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China (Y.-F.W., H.-M.R.)
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, and Center for Molecular Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093–0116 (Y.-F.W., S.M., N.N., N.R., M.H., S.L., I.M., J.I.S.)
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia (I.P., H.K.); and
- Division of Agricultural and Life Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 7008530, Japan (S.M.)
| | - Hannes Kollist
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China (Y.-F.W., H.-M.R.)
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, and Center for Molecular Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093–0116 (Y.-F.W., S.M., N.N., N.R., M.H., S.L., I.M., J.I.S.)
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia (I.P., H.K.); and
- Division of Agricultural and Life Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 7008530, Japan (S.M.)
| | - Stephen Lee
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China (Y.-F.W., H.-M.R.)
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, and Center for Molecular Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093–0116 (Y.-F.W., S.M., N.N., N.R., M.H., S.L., I.M., J.I.S.)
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia (I.P., H.K.); and
- Division of Agricultural and Life Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 7008530, Japan (S.M.)
| | - Izumi Mori
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China (Y.-F.W., H.-M.R.)
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, and Center for Molecular Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093–0116 (Y.-F.W., S.M., N.N., N.R., M.H., S.L., I.M., J.I.S.)
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia (I.P., H.K.); and
- Division of Agricultural and Life Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 7008530, Japan (S.M.)
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Aliniaeifard S, van Meeteren U. Can prolonged exposure to low VPD disturb the ABA signalling in stomatal guard cells? JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2013; 64:3551-66. [PMID: 23956410 PMCID: PMC3745724 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The response of stomata to many environmental factors is well documented. Multiple signalling pathways for abscisic acid (ABA)-induced stomatal closure have been proposed over the last decades. However, it seems that exposure of a leaf for a long time (several days) to some environmental conditions generates a sort of memory in the guard cells that results in the loss of suitable responses of the stomata to closing stimuli, such as desiccation and ABA. In this review paper we discuss changes in the normal pattern of signal transduction that could account for disruption of guard cell signalling after long-term exposure to some environmental conditions, with special emphasis on long-term low vapour pressure deficit (VPD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasan Aliniaeifard
- Horticultural Production Chains, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, PO Box 630, 6700 AP Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Munemasa S, Muroyama D, Nagahashi H, Nakamura Y, Mori IC, Murata Y. Regulation of reactive oxygen species-mediated abscisic acid signaling in guard cells and drought tolerance by glutathione. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:472. [PMID: 24312112 PMCID: PMC3834289 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) induces stomatal closure in response to drought stress, leading to reduction of transpirational water loss. A thiol tripeptide glutathione (GSH) is an important regulator of cellular redox homeostasis in plants. Although it has been shown that cellular redox state of guard cells controls ABA-mediated stomatal closure, roles of GSH in guard cell ABA signaling were largely unknown. Recently we demonstrated that GSH functions as a negative regulator of ABA signaling in guard cells. In this study we performed more detailed analyses to reveal how GSH regulates guard cell ABA signaling using the GSH-deficient Arabidopsis mutant cad2-1. The cad2-1 mutant exhibited reduced water loss from rosette leaves. Whole-cell current recording using patch clamp technique revealed that the cad2-1 mutation did not affect ABA regulation of S-type anion channels. We found enhanced activation of Ca(2+) permeable channels by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in cad2-1 guard cells. The cad2-1 mutant showed enhanced H2O2-induced stomatal closure and significant increase of ROS accumulation in whole leaves in response to ABA. Our findings provide a new understanding of guard cell ABA signaling and a new strategy to improve plant drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Munemasa
- Division of Agricultural and Life Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityOkayama, Japan
| | - Daichi Muroyama
- Division of Agricultural and Life Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityOkayama, Japan
| | | | - Yoshimasa Nakamura
- Division of Agricultural and Life Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityOkayama, Japan
| | - Izumi C. Mori
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama UniversityKurashiki, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Murata
- Division of Agricultural and Life Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityOkayama, Japan
- *Correspondence: Yoshiyuki Murata, Division of Agricultural and Life Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, Okayama 7008530, Japan e-mail:
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32
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Laanemets K, Wang YF, Lindgren O, Wu J, Nishimura N, Lee S, Caddell D, Merilo E, Brosche M, Kilk K, Soomets U, Kangasjärvi J, Schroeder JI, Kollist H. Mutations in the SLAC1 anion channel slow stomatal opening and severely reduce K+ uptake channel activity via enhanced cytosolic [Ca2+] and increased Ca2+ sensitivity of K+ uptake channels. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2013; 197:88-98. [PMID: 23126621 PMCID: PMC3508330 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis guard cell anion channel SLAC1 is essential for stomatal closure in response to various endogenous and environmental stimuli. Interestingly, here we reveal an unexpected impairment of slac1 alleles on stomatal opening. We report that mutations in SLAC1 unexpectedly slow stomatal opening induced by light, low CO(2) and elevated air humidity in intact plants and that this is caused by the severely reduced activity of inward K(+) (K(+)(in)) channels in slac1 guard cells. Expression of channels and transporters involved in stomatal opening showed small but significant reductions in transcript levels in slac1 guard cells; however, this was deemed insufficient to explain the severely impaired K(+)(in) channel activity in slac1. We further examined resting cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](cyt)) and K(+)(in) channel sensitivity to [Ca(2+)](cyt) in slac1. These experiments showed higher resting [Ca(2+)](cyt) in slac1 guard cells and that reducing [Ca(2+)](cyt) to < 10 nM rapidly restored the activity of K(+)(in) channels in slac1 closer to wild-type levels. These findings demonstrate an unanticipated compensatory feedback control in plant stomatal regulation, which counteracts the impaired stomatal closing response of slac1, by down-regulating stomatal opening mechanisms and implicates enhanced [Ca(2+)](cyt) sensitivity priming as a mechanistic basis for the down-regulated K(+)(in) channel activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yong-Fei Wang
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093-0116, USA
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ove Lindgren
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Juyou Wu
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093-0116, USA
| | - Noriyuki Nishimura
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093-0116, USA
| | - Stephen Lee
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093-0116, USA
| | - Daniel Caddell
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093-0116, USA
| | - Ebe Merilo
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mikael Brosche
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 65, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kalle Kilk
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Tartu, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ursel Soomets
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Tartu, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jaakko Kangasjärvi
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 65, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Julian I. Schroeder
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093-0116, USA
| | - Hannes Kollist
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
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Abstract
Since the first recordings of single potassium channel activities in the plasma membrane of guard cells more than 25 years ago, patch-clamp studies discovered a variety of ion channels in all cell types and plant species under inspection. Their properties differed in a cell type- and cell membrane-dependent manner. Guard cells, for which the existence of plant potassium channels was initially documented, advanced to a versatile model system for studying plant ion channel structure, function, and physiology. Interestingly, one of the first identified potassium-channel genes encoding the Shaker-type channel KAT1 was shown to be highly expressed in guard cells. KAT1-type channels from Arabidopsis thaliana and its homologs from other species were found to encode the K+-selective inward rectifiers that had already been recorded in early patch-clamp studies with guard cells. Within the genome era, additional Arabidopsis Shaker-type channels appeared. All nine members of the Arabidopsis Shaker family are localized at the plasma membrane, where they either operate as inward rectifiers, outward rectifiers, weak voltage-dependent channels, or electrically silent, but modulatory subunits. The vacuole membrane, in contrast, harbors a set of two-pore K+ channels. Just very recently, two plant anion channel families of the SLAC/SLAH and ALMT/QUAC type were identified. SLAC1/SLAH3 and QUAC1 are expressed in guard cells and mediate Slow- and Rapid-type anion currents, respectively, that are involved in volume and turgor regulation. Anion channels in guard cells and other plant cells are key targets within often complex signaling networks. Here, the present knowledge is reviewed for the plant ion channel biology. Special emphasis is drawn to the molecular mechanisms of channel regulation, in the context of model systems and in the light of evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Hedrich
- University of Wuerzburg, Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Wuerzburg, Germany; and King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Seung D, Risopatron JPM, Jones BJ, Marc J. Circadian clock-dependent gating in ABA signalling networks. PROTOPLASMA 2012; 249:445-57. [PMID: 21773710 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-011-0304-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth and development are intimately attuned to fluctuations in environmental variables such as light, temperature and water availability. A broad range of signalling and dynamic response mechanisms allows them to adjust their physiology so that growth and reproductive capacity are optimised for the prevailing conditions. Many of the response mechanisms are mediated by the plant hormones. The hormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays a dominant role in fundamental processes such as seed dormancy and germination, regulation of stomatal movements and enhancing drought tolerance in response to the osmotic stresses that result from water deficit, salinity and freezing. Whereas plants maintain a constant vigilance, there is emerging evidence that the capacity to respond is gated by the circadian clock so that it varies with diurnal fluctuations in light, temperature and water status. Clock regulation enables plants to anticipate regular diurnal fluctuations and thereby presumably to maximise metabolic efficiency. Circadian clock-dependent gating appears to regulate the ABA signalling network at numerous points, including metabolism, transport, perception and activity of the hormone. In this review, we summarise the basic principles and recent progress in elucidating the molecular mechanisms of circadian gating of the ABA response network and how it can affect fundamental processes in plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Seung
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Roelfsema MRG, Hedrich R, Geiger D. Anion channels: master switches of stress responses. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2012; 17:221-9. [PMID: 22381565 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2012.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Revised: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
During stress, plant cells activate anion channels and trigger the release of anions across the plasma membrane. Recently, two new gene families have been identified that encode major groups of anion channels. The SLAC/SLAH channels are characterized by slow voltage-dependent activation (S-type), whereas ALMT genes encode rapid-activating channels (R-type). Both S- and R-type channels are stimulated in guard cells by the stress hormone ABA, which leads to stomatal closure. Besides their role in ABA-dependent stomatal movement, anion channels are also activated by biotic stress factors such as microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). Given that anion channels occur throughout the plant kingdom, they are likely to serve a general function as master switches of stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rob G Roelfsema
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, Würzburg University, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany.
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37
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Hubbard KE, Siegel RS, Valerio G, Brandt B, Schroeder JI. Abscisic acid and CO2 signalling via calcium sensitivity priming in guard cells, new CDPK mutant phenotypes and a method for improved resolution of stomatal stimulus-response analyses. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2012; 109:5-17. [PMID: 21994053 PMCID: PMC3241576 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcr252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stomatal guard cells are the regulators of gas exchange between plants and the atmosphere. Ca(2+)-dependent and Ca(2+)-independent mechanisms function in these responses. Key stomatal regulation mechanisms, including plasma membrane and vacuolar ion channels have been identified and are regulated by the free cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](cyt)). SCOPE Here we show that CO(2)-induced stomatal closing is strongly impaired under conditions that prevent intracellular Ca(2+) elevations. Moreover, Ca(2+) oscillation-induced stomatal closing is partially impaired in knock-out mutations in several guard cell-expressed Ca(2+)-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) here, including the cpk4cpk11 double and cpk10 mutants; however, abscisic acid-regulated stomatal movements remain relatively intact in the cpk4cpk11 and cpk10 mutants. We further discuss diverse studies of Ca(2+) signalling in guard cells, discuss apparent peculiarities, and pose novel open questions. The recently proposed Ca(2+) sensitivity priming model could account for many of the findings in the field. Recent research shows that the stomatal closing stimuli abscisic acid and CO(2) enhance the sensitivity of stomatal closing mechanisms to intracellular Ca(2+), which has been termed 'calcium sensitivity priming'. The genome of the reference plant Arabidopsis thaliana encodes for over 250 Ca(2+)-sensing proteins, giving rise to the question, how can specificity in Ca(2+) responses be achieved? Calcium sensitivity priming could provide a key mechanism contributing to specificity in eukaryotic Ca(2+) signal transduction, a topic of central interest in cell signalling research. In this article we further propose an individual stomatal tracking method for improved analyses of stimulus-regulated stomatal movements in Arabidopsis guard cells that reduces noise and increases fidelity in stimulus-regulated stomatal aperture responses ( Box 1). This method is recommended for stomatal response research, in parallel to previously adopted blind analyses, due to the relatively small and diverse sizes of stomatal apertures in the reference plant Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Julian I. Schroeder
- Cell and Developmental Biology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA
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Tsuzuki T, Takahashi K, Inoue SI, Okigaki Y, Tomiyama M, Hossain MA, Shimazaki KI, Murata Y, Kinoshita T. Mg-chelatase H subunit affects ABA signaling in stomatal guard cells, but is not an ABA receptor in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2011; 124:527-38. [PMID: 21562844 PMCID: PMC3129500 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-011-0426-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Mg-chelatase H subunit (CHLH) is a multifunctional protein involved in chlorophyll synthesis, plastid-to-nucleus retrograde signaling, and ABA perception. However, whether CHLH acts as an actual ABA receptor remains controversial. Here we present evidence that CHLH affects ABA signaling in stomatal guard cells but is not itself an ABA receptor. We screened ethyl methanesulfonate-treated Arabidopsis thaliana plants with a focus on stomatal aperture-dependent water loss in detached leaves and isolated a rapid transpiration in detached leaves 1 (rtl1) mutant that we identified as a novel missense mutant of CHLH. The rtl1 and CHLH RNAi plants showed phenotypes in which stomatal movements were insensitive to ABA, while the rtl1 phenotype showed normal sensitivity to ABA with respect to seed germination and root growth. ABA-binding analyses using (3)H-labeled ABA revealed that recombinant CHLH did not bind ABA, but recombinant pyrabactin resistance 1, a reliable ABA receptor used as a control, showed specific binding. Moreover, we found that the rtl1 mutant showed ABA-induced stomatal closure when a high concentration of extracellular Ca(2+) was present and that a knockout mutant of Mg-chelatase I subunit (chli1) showed the same ABA-insensitive phenotype as rtl1. These results suggest that the Mg-chelatase complex as a whole affects the ABA-signaling pathway for stomatal movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomo Tsuzuki
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
| | - Koji Takahashi
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
| | - Shin-ichiro Inoue
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
| | - Yukiko Okigaki
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
| | - Masakazu Tomiyama
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
| | - Mohammad Anowar Hossain
- The Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima-Naka, Okayama, 700-8530 Japan
| | - Ken-ichiro Shimazaki
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University, Hakozaki, Fukuoka, 812-8560 Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Murata
- The Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima-Naka, Okayama, 700-8530 Japan
| | - Toshinori Kinoshita
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
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Geiger D, Maierhofer T, Al-Rasheid KAS, Scherzer S, Mumm P, Liese A, Ache P, Wellmann C, Marten I, Grill E, Romeis T, Hedrich R. Stomatal closure by fast abscisic acid signaling is mediated by the guard cell anion channel SLAH3 and the receptor RCAR1. Sci Signal 2011; 4:ra32. [PMID: 21586729 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2001346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
S-type anion channels are direct targets of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling and contribute to chloride and nitrate release from guard cells, which in turn initiates stomatal closure. SLAC1 was the first component of the guard cell S-type anion channel identified. However, we found that guard cells of Arabidopsis SLAC1 mutants exhibited nitrate conductance. SLAH3 (SLAC1 homolog 3) was also present in guard cells, and coexpression of SLAH3 with the calcium ion (Ca2+)-dependent kinase CPK21 in Xenopus oocytes mediated nitrate-induced anion currents. Nitrate, calcium, and phosphorylation regulated SLAH3 activity. CPK21-dependent SLAH3 phosphorylation and activation were blocked by ABI1, a PP2C-type protein phosphatase that is inhibited by ABA and inhibits the ABA signaling pathway in guard cells. We reconstituted the ABA-stimulated phosphorylation of the SLAH3 amino-terminal domain by CPK21 in vitro by including the ABA receptor-phosphatase complex RCAR1-ABI1 in the reactions. We propose that ABA perception by the complex consisting of ABA receptors of the RCAR/PYR/PYL family and ABI1 releases CPK21 from inhibition by ABI1, and then CPK21 is further activated by an increase in the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration, leading to its phosphorylation of SLAH3. Thus, the identification of SLAH3 as the nitrate-, calcium-, and ABA-sensitive guard cell anion channel provides insights into the relationship among stomatal response to drought, signaling by nitrate, and nitrate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar Geiger
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany
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Hossain MA, Munemasa S, Uraji M, Nakamura Y, Mori IC, Murata Y. Involvement of endogenous abscisic acid in methyl jasmonate-induced stomatal closure in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 156:430-8. [PMID: 21402795 PMCID: PMC3091061 DOI: 10.1104/pp.111.172254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the involvement of endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) in methyl jasmonate (MeJA)-induced stomatal closure using an inhibitor of ABA biosynthesis, fluridon (FLU), and an ABA-deficient Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant, aba2-2. We found that pretreatment with FLU inhibited MeJA-induced stomatal closure but not ABA-induced stomatal closure in wild-type plants. The aba2-2 mutation impaired MeJA-induced stomatal closure but not ABA-induced stomatal closure. We also investigated the effects of FLU and the aba2-2 mutation on cytosolic free calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](cyt)) in guard cells using a Ca(2+)-reporter fluorescent protein, Yellow Cameleon 3.6. In wild-type guard cells, FLU inhibited MeJA-induced [Ca(2+)](cyt) elevation but not ABA-induced [Ca(2+)](cyt) elevation. The aba2-2 mutation did not affect ABA-elicited [Ca(2+)](cyt) elevation but suppressed MeJA-induced [Ca(2+)](cyt) elevation. We also tested the effects of the aba2-2 mutation and FLU on the expression of MeJA-inducible VEGETATIVE STORAGE PROTEIN1 (VSP1). In the aba2-2 mutant, MeJA did not induce VSP1 expression. In wild-type leaves, FLU inhibited MeJA-induced VSP1 expression. Pretreatment with ABA at 0.1 μm, which is not enough concentration to evoke ABA responses in the wild type, rescued the observed phenotypes of the aba2-2 mutant. Finally, we found that in wild-type leaves, MeJA stimulates the expression of 9-CIS-EPOXYCAROTENOID DIOXYGENASE3, which encodes a crucial enzyme in ABA biosynthesis. These results suggest that endogenous ABA could be involved in MeJA signal transduction and lead to stomatal closure in Arabidopsis guard cells.
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Zhang W, Jeon BW, Assmann SM. Heterotrimeric G-protein regulation of ROS signalling and calcium currents in Arabidopsis guard cells. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2011; 62:2371-9. [PMID: 21262908 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erq424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Heterotrimeric G proteins composed of Gα, Gβ, and Gγ subunits are important signalling agents in both animals and plants. In plants, G proteins modulate numerous responses, including abscisic acid (ABA) and pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) regulation of guard cell ion channels and stomatal apertures. Previous analyses of mutants deficient in the sole canonical Arabidopsis Gα subunit, GPA1, have shown that Gα-deficient guard cells are impaired in ABA inhibition of K(+) influx channels, and in pH-independent activation of anion efflux channels. ABA-induced Ca(2+) uptake through ROS-activated Ca(2+)-permeable channels in the plasma membrane is another key component of ABA signal transduction in guard cells, but the question of whether these channels are also dependent on Gα for their ABA response has not been evaluated previously. We used two independent Arabidopsis T-DNA null mutant lines, gpa1-3 and gpa1-4, to investigate this issue. We observed that gpa1 mutants are disrupted both in ABA-induced Ca(2+)-channel activation, and in production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to ABA. However, in response to exogenous H(2)O(2) application, I(Ca) channels are activated normally in gpa1 guard cells. In addition, H(2)O(2) inhibition of stomatal opening and promotion of stomatal closure are not disrupted in gpa1 mutant guard cells. These data indicate that absence of GPA1 interrupts ABA signalling between ABA reception and ROS production, with a consequent impairment in Ca(2+)-channel activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Biology Department, Penn State University, 208 Mueller Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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42
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Tavares B, Domingos P, Dias PN, Feijó JA, Bicho A. The essential role of anionic transport in plant cells: the pollen tube as a case study. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2011; 62:2273-2298. [PMID: 21511914 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/err036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Plasma membrane anion transporters play fundamental roles in plant cell biology, especially in stomatal closure and nutrition. Notwithstanding, a lot is still unknown about the specific function of these transporters, their specific localization, or molecular nature. Here the fundamental roles of anionic transport in plant cells are reviewed. Special attention will be paid to them in the control of pollen tube growth. Pollen tubes are extreme examples of cellular polarity as they grow exclusively in their apical extremity. Their unique cell biology has been extensively exploited for fundamental understanding of cellular growth and morphogenesis. Non-invasive methods have demonstrated that tube growth is governed by different ion fluxes, with different properties and distribution. Not much is known about the nature of the membrane transporters responsible for anionic transport and their regulation in the pollen tube. Recent data indicate the importance of chloride (Cl(-)) transfer across the plasma membrane for pollen germination and pollen tube growth. A general overview is presented of the well-known accumulated data in terms of biophysical and functional characterization, transcriptomics, and genomic description of pollen ionic transport, and the various controversies around the role of anionic fluxes during pollen tube germination, growth, and development. It is concluded that, like all other plant cells so far analysed, pollen tubes depend on anion fluxes for a number of fundamental homeostatic properties.
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Khokon AR, Okuma E, Hossain MA, Munemasa S, Uraji M, Nakamura Y, Mori IC, Murata Y. Involvement of extracellular oxidative burst in salicylic acid-induced stomatal closure in Arabidopsis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2011; 34:434-43. [PMID: 21062318 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2010.02253.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA), a ubiquitous phenolic phytohormone, is involved in many plant physiological processes including stomatal movement. We analysed SA-induced stomatal closure, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO), cytosolic calcium ion ([Ca²+](cyt)) oscillations and inward-rectifying potassium (K+(in)) channel activity in Arabidopsis. SA-induced stomatal closure was inhibited by pre-treatment with catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), suggesting the involvement of extracellular ROS. A peroxidase inhibitor, SHAM (salicylhydroxamic acid) completely abolished SA-induced stomatal closure whereas neither an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase (DPI) nor atrbohD atrbohF mutation impairs SA-induced stomatal closures. 3,3'-Diaminobenzidine (DAB) and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) stainings demonstrated that SA induced H₂O₂ and O₂⁻ production. Guard cell ROS accumulation was significantly increased by SA, but that ROS was suppressed by exogenous CAT, SOD and SHAM. NO scavenger 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (cPTIO) suppressed the SA-induced stomatal closure but did not suppress guard cell ROS accumulation whereas SHAM suppressed SA-induced NO production. SA failed to induce [Ca²+](cyt) oscillations in guard cells whereas K+(in) channel activity was suppressed by SA. These results indicate that SA induces stomatal closure accompanied with extracellular ROS production mediated by SHAM-sensitive peroxidase, intracellular ROS accumulation and K+(in) channel inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atiqur Rahman Khokon
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima-Naka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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Guard cell anion channel SLAC1 is regulated by CDPK protein kinases with distinct Ca2+ affinities. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:8023-8. [PMID: 20385816 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0912030107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 408] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to drought stress, the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) induces stomatal closure. Thereby the stress hormone activates guard cell anion channels in a calcium-dependent, as well as -independent, manner. Open stomata 1 protein kinase (OST1) and ABI1 protein phosphatase (ABA insensitive 1) represent key components of calcium-independent ABA signaling. Recently, the guard cell anion channel SLAC1 was identified. When expressed heterologously SLAC1 remained electrically silent. Upon coexpression with Ca(2+)-independent OST1, however, SLAC1 anion channels appear activated in an ABI1-dependent manner. Mutants lacking distinct calcium-dependent protein kinases (CPKs) appeared impaired in ABA stimulation of guard cell ion channels, too. To study SLAC1 activation via the calcium-dependent ABA pathway, we studied the SLAC1 response to CPKs in the Xenopus laevis oocyte system. Split YFP-based protein-protein interaction assays, using SLAC1 as the bait, identified guard cell expressed CPK21 and 23 as major interacting partners. Upon coexpression of SLAC1 with CPK21 and 23, anion currents document SLAC1 stimulation by these guard cell protein kinases. Ca(2+)-sensitive activation of SLAC1, however, could be assigned to the CPK21 pathway only because CPK23 turned out to be rather Ca(2+)-insensitive. In line with activation by OST1, CPK activation of the guard cell anion channel was suppressed by ABI1. Thus the CPK and OST1 branch of ABA signal transduction in guard cells seem to converge on the level of SLAC1 under the control of the ABI1/ABA-receptor complex.
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Stange A, Hedrich R, Roelfsema MRG. Ca(2+)-dependent activation of guard cell anion channels, triggered by hyperpolarization, is promoted by prolonged depolarization. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2010; 62:265-76. [PMID: 20088896 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2010.04141.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Rapid stomatal closure is driven by the activation of S-type anion channels in the plasma membrane of guard cells. This response has been linked to Ca(2+) signalling, but the impact of transient Ca(2+) signals on S-type anion channel activity remains unknown. In this study, transient elevation of the cytosolic Ca(2+) level was provoked by voltage steps in guard cells of intact Nicotiana tabacum plants. Changes in the activity of S-type anion channels were monitored using intracellular triple-barrelled micro-electrodes. In cells kept at a holding potential of -100 mV, voltage steps to -180 mV triggered elevation of the cytosolic free Ca(2+) concentration. The increase in the cytosolic Ca(2+) level was accompanied by activation of S-type anion channels. Guard cell anion channels were activated by Ca(2+) with a half maximum concentration of 515 nm (SE = 235) and a mean saturation value of -349 pA (SE = 107) at -100 mV. Ca(2+) signals could also be evoked by prolonged (100 sec) depolarization of the plasma membrane to 0 mV. Upon returning to -100 mV, a transient increase in the cytosolic Ca(2+) level was observed, activating S-type channels without measurable delay. These data show that cytosolic Ca(2+) elevation can activate S-type anion channels in intact guard cells through a fast signalling pathway. Furthermore, prolonged depolarization to 0 mV alters the activity of Ca(2+) transport proteins, resulting in an overshoot of the cytosolic Ca(2+) level after returning the membrane potential to -100 mV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Stange
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, Würzburg University, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany
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Chen ZH, Hills A, Lim CK, Blatt MR. Dynamic regulation of guard cell anion channels by cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration and protein phosphorylation. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2010; 61:816-25. [PMID: 20015065 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2009.04108.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In guard cells, activation of anion channels (I(anion)) is an early event leading to stomatal closure. Activation of I(anion) has been associated with abscisic acid (ABA) and its elevation of the cytosolic free Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)). However, the dynamics of the action of [Ca(2+)](i) on I(anion) has never been established, despite its importance for understanding the mechanics of stomatal adaptation to stress. We have quantified the [Ca(2+)](i) dynamics of I(anion) in Vicia faba guard cells, measuring channel current under a voltage clamp while manipulating and recording [Ca(2+)](i) using Fura-2 fluorescence imaging. We found that I(anion) rises with [Ca(2+)](i) only at concentrations substantially above the mean resting value of 125 +/- 13 nm, yielding an apparent K(d) of 720 +/- 65 nm and a Hill coefficient consistent with the binding of three to four Ca(2+) ions to activate the channels. Approximately 30% of guard cells exhibited a baseline of I(anion) activity, but without a dependence of the current on [Ca(2+)](i). The protein phosphatase antagonist okadaic acid increased this current baseline over twofold. Additionally, okadaic acid altered the [Ca(2+)](i) sensitivity of I(anion), displacing the apparent K(d) for [Ca(2+)](i) to 573 +/- 38 nm. These findings support previous evidence for different modes of regulation for I(anion), only one of which depends on [Ca(2+)](i), and they underscore an independence of [Ca(2+)](i) from protein (de-)phosphorylation in controlling I(anion). Most importantly, our results demonstrate a significant displacement of I(anion) sensitivity to higher [Ca(2+)](i) compared with that of the guard cell K(+) channels, implying a capacity for variable dynamics between net osmotic solute uptake and loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Hua Chen
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Plant Sciences Research Group, Faculty of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Bower Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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Roelfsema MRG, Hedrich R. Making sense out of Ca(2+) signals: their role in regulating stomatal movements. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2010; 33:305-321. [PMID: 19906147 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2009.02075.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Plant cells maintain high Ca(2+) concentration gradients between the cytosol and the extracellular matrix, as well as intracellular compartments. During evolution, the regulatory mechanisms, maintaining low cytosolic free Ca(2+) concentrations, most likely provided the backbone for the development of Ca(2+)-dependent signalling pathways. In this review, the current understanding of molecular mechanisms involved in Ca(2+) homeostasis of plants cells is evaluated. The question is addressed to which extent the mechanisms, controlling the cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration, are linked to Ca(2+)-based signalling. A large number of environmental stimuli can evoke Ca(2+) signals, but the Ca(2+)-induced responses are likely to differ depending on the stimulus applied. Two mechanisms are put forward to explain signal specificity of Ca(2+)-dependent responses. A signal may evoke a specific Ca(2+) signature that is recognized by downstream signalling components. Alternatively, Ca(2+) signals are accompanied by Ca(2+)-independent signalling events that determine the specificity of the response. The existence of such parallel-acting pathways explains why guard cell responses to abscisic acid (ABA) can occur in the absence, as well as in the presence, of Ca(2+) signals. Future research may shed new light on the relation between parallel acting Ca(2+)-dependent and -independent events, and may provide insights in their evolutionary origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rob G Roelfsema
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, Würzburg University, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany.
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Geiger D, Scherzer S, Mumm P, Stange A, Marten I, Bauer H, Ache P, Matschi S, Liese A, Al-Rasheid KAS, Romeis T, Hedrich R. Activity of guard cell anion channel SLAC1 is controlled by drought-stress signaling kinase-phosphatase pair. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:21425-30. [PMID: 19955405 PMCID: PMC2795561 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0912021106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 613] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to drought stress the phytohormone ABA (abscisic acid) induces stomatal closure and, therein, activates guard cell anion channels in a calcium-dependent as well as-independent manner. Two key components of the ABA signaling pathway are the protein kinase OST1 (open stomata 1) and the protein phosphatase ABI1 (ABA insensitive 1). The recently identified guard cell anion channel SLAC1 appeared to be the key ion channel in this signaling pathway but remained electrically silent when expressed heterologously. Using split YFP assays, we identified OST1 as an interaction partner of SLAC1 and ABI1. Upon coexpression of SLAC1 with OST1 in Xenopus oocytes, SLAC1-related anion currents appeared similar to those observed in guard cells. Integration of ABI1 into the SLAC1/OST1 complex, however, prevented SLAC1 activation. Our studies demonstrate that SLAC1 represents the slow, deactivating, weak voltage-dependent anion channel of guard cells controlled by phosphorylation/dephosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar Geiger
- University Wuerzburg, Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, D-97082 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Sönke Scherzer
- University Wuerzburg, Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, D-97082 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Mumm
- University Wuerzburg, Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, D-97082 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Annette Stange
- University Wuerzburg, Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, D-97082 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Irene Marten
- University Wuerzburg, Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, D-97082 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Hubert Bauer
- University Wuerzburg, Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, D-97082 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Peter Ache
- University Wuerzburg, Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, D-97082 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Matschi
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Free University Berlin, Koenigin-Luise-Str. 12-16, D-14195 Berlin, Germany; and
| | - Anja Liese
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Free University Berlin, Koenigin-Luise-Str. 12-16, D-14195 Berlin, Germany; and
| | - Khaled A. S. Al-Rasheid
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tina Romeis
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Free University Berlin, Koenigin-Luise-Str. 12-16, D-14195 Berlin, Germany; and
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- University Wuerzburg, Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, D-97082 Wuerzburg, Germany
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Siegel RS, Xue S, Murata Y, Yang Y, Nishimura N, Wang A, Schroeder JI. Calcium elevation-dependent and attenuated resting calcium-dependent abscisic acid induction of stomatal closure and abscisic acid-induced enhancement of calcium sensitivities of S-type anion and inward-rectifying K channels in Arabidopsis guard cells. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2009; 59:207-20. [PMID: 19302418 PMCID: PMC2827207 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2009.03872.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Stomatal closure in response to abscisic acid depends on mechanisms that are mediated by intracellular [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]i), and also on mechanisms that are independent of [Ca2+]i in guard cells. In this study, we addressed three important questions with respect to these two predicted pathways in Arabidopsis thaliana. (i) How large is the relative abscisic acid (ABA)-induced stomatal closure response in the [Ca2+]i-elevation-independent pathway? (ii) How do ABA-insensitive mutants affect the [Ca2+]i-elevation-independent pathway? (iii) Does ABA enhance (prime) the Ca2+ sensitivity of anion and inward-rectifying K+ channel regulation? We monitored stomatal responses to ABA while experimentally inhibiting [Ca2+]i elevations and clamping [Ca2+]i to resting levels. The absence of [Ca2+]i elevations was confirmed by ratiometric [Ca2+]i imaging experiments. ABA-induced stomatal closure in the absence of [Ca2+]i elevations above the physiological resting [Ca2+]i showed only approximately 30% of the normal stomatal closure response, and was greatly slowed compared to the response in the presence of [Ca2+]i elevations. The ABA-insensitive mutants ost1-2, abi2-1 and gca2 showed partial stomatal closure responses that correlate with [Ca2+]i-dependent ABA signaling. Interestingly, patch-clamp experiments showed that exposure of guard cells to ABA greatly enhances the ability of cytosolic Ca2+ to activate S-type anion channels and down-regulate inward-rectifying K+ channels, providing strong evidence for a Ca2+ sensitivity priming hypothesis. The present study demonstrates and quantifies an attenuated and slowed ABA response when [Ca2+]i elevations are directly inhibited in guard cells. A minimal model is discussed, in which ABA enhances (primes) the [Ca2+]i sensitivity of stomatal closure mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Siegel
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, and Center for Molecular Genetics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA
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Ma X, Shor O, Diminshtein S, Yu L, Im YJ, Perera I, Lomax A, Boss WF, Moran N. Phosphatidylinositol (4,5)bisphosphate inhibits K+-efflux channel activity in NT1 tobacco cultured cells. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2009; 149:1127-40. [PMID: 19052153 PMCID: PMC2633837 DOI: 10.1104/pp.108.129007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2008] [Accepted: 11/24/2008] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In the animal world, the regulation of ion channels by phosphoinositides (PIs) has been investigated extensively, demonstrating a wide range of channels controlled by phosphatidylinositol (4,5)bisphosphate (PtdInsP2). To understand PI regulation of plant ion channels, we examined the in planta effect of PtdInsP2 on the K+-efflux channel of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), NtORK (outward-rectifying K channel). We applied a patch clamp in the whole-cell configuration (with fixed "cytosolic" Ca2+ concentration and pH) to protoplasts isolated from cultured tobacco cells with genetically manipulated plasma membrane levels of PtdInsP2 and cellular inositol (1,4,5)trisphosphate: "Low PIs" had depressed levels of these PIs, and "High PIs" had elevated levels relative to controls. In all of these cells, K channel activity, reflected in the net, steady-state outward K+ currents (IK), was inversely related to the plasma membrane PtdInsP2 level. Consistent with this, short-term manipulations decreasing PtdInsP2 levels in the High PIs, such as pretreatment with the phytohormone abscisic acid (25 microM) or neutralizing the bath solution from pH 5.6 to pH 7, increased IK (i.e. NtORK activity). Moreover, increasing PtdInsP2 levels in controls or in abscisic acid-treated high-PI cells, using the specific PI-phospholipase C inhibitor U73122 (2.5-4 microM), decreased NtORK activity. In all cases, IK decreases stemmed largely from decreased maximum attainable NtORK channel conductance and partly from shifted voltage dependence of channel gating to more positive potentials, making it more difficult to activate the channels. These results are consistent with NtORK inhibition by the negatively charged PtdInsP2 in the internal plasma membrane leaflet. Such effects are likely to underlie PI signaling in intact plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Ma
- Robert H. Smith Institute for Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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