1
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Zhong S, Zhao P, Peng X, Li HJ, Duan Q, Cheung AY. From gametes to zygote: Mechanistic advances and emerging possibilities in plant reproduction. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:4-35. [PMID: 38431529 PMCID: PMC11060694 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiongbo Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hong-Ju Li
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Center for Molecular Agrobiology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qiaohong Duan
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Alice Y Cheung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Plant Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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2
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Usai G, Fambrini M, Pugliesi C, Simoni S. Exploring the patterns of evolution: Core thoughts and focus on the saltational model. Biosystems 2024; 238:105181. [PMID: 38479653 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2024.105181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
The Modern Synthesis, a pillar in biological thought, united Darwin's species origin concepts with Mendel's laws of character heredity, providing a comprehensive understanding of evolution within species. Highlighting phenotypic variation and natural selection, it elucidated the environment's role as a selective force, shaping populations over time. This framework integrated additional mechanisms, including genetic drift, random mutations, and gene flow, predicting their cumulative effects on microevolution and the emergence of new species. Beyond the Modern Synthesis, the Extended Evolutionary Synthesis expands perspectives by recognizing the role of developmental plasticity, non-genetic inheritance, and epigenetics. We suggest that these aspects coexist in the plant evolutionary process; in this context, we focus on the saltational model, emphasizing how saltation events, such as dichotomous saltation, chromosomal mutations, epigenetic phenomena, and polyploidy, contribute to rapid evolutionary changes. The saltational model proposes that certain evolutionary changes, such as the rise of new species, may result suddenly from single macromutations rather than from gradual changes in DNA sequences and allele frequencies within a species over time. These events, observed in domesticated and wild higher plants, provide well-defined mechanistic bases, revealing their profound impact on plant diversity and rapid evolutionary events. Notably, next-generation sequencing exposes the likely crucial role of allopolyploidy and autopolyploidy (saltational events) in generating new plant species, each characterized by distinct chromosomal complements. In conclusion, through this review, we offer a thorough exploration of the ongoing dissertation on the saltational model, elucidating its implications for our understanding of plant evolutionary processes and paving the way for continued research in this intriguing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Usai
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Fambrini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudio Pugliesi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Samuel Simoni
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
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3
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Zhang Y, Lv M, Jiang H, Li H, Li R, Yang C, Huang Y, Zhou H, Mei Y, Gao J, Cao X. Mitotic defects lead to unreduced sperm formation in cdk1 -/- mutants. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125171. [PMID: 37271265 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Unreduced gametes, that are important for species evolution and agricultural development, are generally believed to be formed by meiotic defects. However, we found that male diploid loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) could produce not only haploid sperms, but also unreduced sperms, after cyclin-dependent kinase 1 gene (cdk1, one of the most important kinases in regulating cell mitosis) deletion. Observations on synaptonemal complexes of spermatocyte in prophase of meiosis and spermatogonia suggested that the number of chromosomes in some spermatogonia of cdk1-/- loach doubled, leading to unreduced diploid sperm production. Then, transcriptome analysis revealed aberrant expressions of some cell cycle-related genes (such as ppp1c and gadd45) in spermatogonia of cdk1-/- loach relative to wild-type loach. An in vitro and in vivo experiment further validated that Cdk1 deletion in diploid loach resulted in mitotic defects, leading to unreduced diploid sperm formation. In addition, we found that cdk1-/- zebrafish could also produce unreduced diploid sperms. This study provides important information on revealing the molecular mechanisms behind unreduced gamete formation through mitotic defects, and lays the foundation for a novel strategy for fish polyploidy creation by using cdk1 mutants to produce unreduced sperms, which can then be used to obtain polyploidy, proposed to benefit aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunbang Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Hubei, China
| | - Meiqi Lv
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hanjun Jiang
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hui Li
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Rongyun Li
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chuang Yang
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuwei Huang
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - He Zhou
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yihui Mei
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jian Gao
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Hubei, China.
| | - Xiaojuan Cao
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Hubei, China.
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4
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López-Hernández MN, Vázquez-Ramos JM. Maize CDKA2;1a and CDKB1;1 kinases have different requirements for their activation and participate in substrate recognition. FEBS J 2023; 290:2463-2488. [PMID: 36259272 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), in association with cyclins, control cell cycle progression by phosphorylating a large number of substrates. In animals, activation of CDKs regularly requires both the association with a cyclin and then phosphorylation of a highly conserved threonine residue in the CDK activation loop (the classical mechanism), mediated by a CDK-activating kinase (CAK). In addition to this typical mechanism of activation, some CDKs can also be activated by the association of a cyclin to a monomeric CDK previously phosphorylated by CAK although not all CDKs can be activated by this mechanism. In animals and yeast, cyclin, in addition to being required for CDK activation, provides substrate specificity to the cyclin/CDK complex; however, in plants both the mechanisms of CDKs activation and the relevance of the CDK-associated cyclin for substrate targeting have been poorly studied. In this work, by co-expressing proteins in E. coli, we studied maize CDKA2;1a and CDKB1;1, two of the main types of CDKs that control the cell cycle in plants. These kinases could be activated by the classical mechanism and by the association of CycD2;2a to a phosphorylated intermediate in its activation loop, a previously unproven mechanism for the activation of plant CDKs. Unlike CDKA2;1a, CDKB1;1 did not require CAK for its activation, since it autophosphorylated in its activation loop. Phosphorylation of CDKB1;1 and association of CycD2;2 was not enough for its full activation as association of maize CKS, a scaffolding protein, differentially stimulated substrate phosphorylation. Our results suggest that both CDKs participate in substrate recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jorge M Vázquez-Ramos
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
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5
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Tanasa S, Shukla N, Cairo A, Ganji RS, Mikulková P, Valuchova S, Raxwal VK, Capitao C, Schnittger A, Zdráhal Z, Riha K. A complex role of Arabidopsis CDKD;3 in meiotic progression and cytokinesis. PLANT DIRECT 2023; 7:e477. [PMID: 36891158 PMCID: PMC9986724 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Meiosis is a specialized cell division that halves the number of chromosomes in two consecutive rounds of chromosome segregation. In angiosperm plants is meiosis followed by mitotic divisions to form rudimentary haploid gametophytes. In Arabidopsis, termination of meiosis and transition to gametophytic development are governed by TDM1 and SMG7 that mediate inhibition of translation. Mutants deficient in this mechanism do not form tetrads but instead undergo multiple cycles of aberrant nuclear divisions that are likely caused by the failure to downregulate cyclin dependent kinases during meiotic exit. A suppressor screen to identify genes that contribute to meiotic exit uncovered a mutation in cyclin-dependent kinase D;3 (CDKD;3) that alleviates meiotic defects in smg7 deficient plants. The CDKD;3 deficiency prevents aberrant meiotic divisions observed in smg7 mutants or delays their onset after initiation of cytokinesis, which permits formation of functional microspores. Although CDKD;3 acts as an activator of cyclin-dependent kinase A;1 (CDKA;1), the main cyclin dependent kinase that regulates meiosis, cdkd;3 mutation appears to promote meiotic exit independently of CDKA;1. Furthermore, analysis of CDKD;3 interactome revealed enrichment for proteins implicated in cytokinesis, suggesting a more complex function of CDKD;3 in cell cycle regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorin Tanasa
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC) Masaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of ScienceMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Neha Shukla
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC) Masaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Albert Cairo
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC) Masaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Ranjani S. Ganji
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC) Masaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Pavlina Mikulková
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC) Masaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Sona Valuchova
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC) Masaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Vivek K. Raxwal
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC) Masaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Claudio Capitao
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI)Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Arp Schnittger
- Department of Developmental BiologyUniversity of HamburgHamburgGermany
| | - Zbyněk Zdráhal
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC) Masaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Karel Riha
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC) Masaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
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6
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Winckler LI, Dissmeyer N. TEV protease cleavage in generation of artificial substrate proteins bearing neo-N-termini. Methods Enzymol 2023. [PMID: 37532397 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2023.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
The tobacco etch virus (TEV) protease is widely used in in vitro and in vivo approaches for the removal of affinity tags from fusion proteins or the generation of proteins with a desired N-terminal amino acid. Processing of fusion proteins by the TEV protease can either be achieved by encoding the TEV protease and its recognition site on one construct (self-cleavage) or on two different constructs (co-expression). Here, we compare the efficiency of the self-splitting approach to the co-expression approach.
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7
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Palacios-Blanco I, Martín-Castellanos C. Cyclins and CDKs in the regulation of meiosis-specific events. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1069064. [DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1069064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
How eukaryotic cells control their duplication is a fascinating example of how a biological system self-organizes specific activities to temporally order cellular events. During cell cycle progression, the cellular level of CDK (Cyclin-Dependent Kinase) activity temporally orders the different cell cycle phases, ensuring that DNA replication occurs prior to segregation into two daughter cells. CDK activity requires the binding of a regulatory subunit (cyclin) to the core kinase, and both CDKs and cyclins are well conserved throughout evolution from yeast to humans. As key regulators, they coordinate cell cycle progression with metabolism, DNA damage, and cell differentiation. In meiosis, the special cell division that ensures the transmission of genetic information from one generation to the next, cyclins and CDKs have acquired novel functions to coordinate meiosis-specific events such as chromosome architecture, recombination, and synapsis. Interestingly, meiosis-specific cyclins and CDKs are common in evolution, some cyclins seem to have evolved to acquire CDK-independent functions, and even some CDKs associate with a non-cyclin partner. We will review the functions of these key regulators in meiosis where variation has specially flourished.
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Tan T, Wu C, Liu B, Pan BF, Hawke DH, Su Z, Liu S, Zhang W, Wang R, Lin SH, Kuang J. Revisiting the multisite phosphorylation that produces the M-phase supershift of key mitotic regulators. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:ar115. [PMID: 35976701 PMCID: PMC9635296 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-04-0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The term M-phase supershift denotes the phosphorylation-dependent substantial increase in the apparent molecular weight of numerous proteins of varied biological functions during M-phase induction. Although the M-phase supershift of multiple key mitotic regulators has been attributed to the multisite phosphorylation catalyzed by the Cdk1/cyclin B/Cks complex, this view is challenged by multiple lines of paradoxical observations. To solve this problem, we reconstituted the M-phase supershift of Xenopus Cdc25C, Myt1, Wee1A, APC3 and Greatwall in Xenopus egg extracts and characterized the supershift-producing phosphorylations. Our results demonstrate that their M-phase supershifts are each due to simultaneous phosphorylation of a considerable portion of S/T/Y residues in a long intrinsically disordered region that is enriched in both S/T residues and S/TP motifs. Although the major mitotic kinases in Xenopus egg extracts, Cdk1, MAPK, Plx1 and RSK2, are able to phosphorylate the five mitotic regulators, they are neither sufficient nor required to produce the M-phase supershift. Accordingly, inhibition of the four major mitotic kinase activities in Xenopus oocytes did not inhibit the M-phase supershift in okadaic acid-induced oocyte maturation. These findings indicate that the M-phase supershift is produced by a previously unrecognized category of mitotic phosphorylation that likely plays important roles in M-phase induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Tan
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hengyang Medical School, The University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Chuanfen Wu
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Boye Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Ecological Engineering of Ministry of Education
| | - Bih-Fang Pan
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - David H Hawke
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zehao Su
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shuaishuai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ruoning Wang
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sue-Hwa Lin
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jian Kuang
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Ji K, Song Q, Yu X, Tan C, Wang L, Chen L, Xiang X, Gong W, Yuan D. Hormone analysis and candidate genes identification associated with seed size in Camellia oleifera. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:211138. [PMID: 35360359 PMCID: PMC8965419 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.211138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Camellia oleifera is an important woody oil species in China. Its seed oil has been widely used as a cooking oil. Seed size is a crucial factor influencing the yield of seed oil. In this study, the horizontal diameter, vertical diameter and volume of C. oleifera seeds showed a rapid growth tendency from 235 days after pollination (DAP) to 258 DAP but had a slight increase at seed maturity. During seed development, the expression of genes related to cell proliferation and expansion differ greatly. Auxin plays an important role in C. oleifera seeds; YUC4 and IAA17 were significantly downregulated. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis screened 21 hub transcription factors for C. oleifera seed horizontal diameter, vertical diameter and volume. Among them, SPL4 was significantly decreased and associated with all these three traits, while ABI4 and YAB1 were significantly increased and associated with horizontal diameter of C. oleifera seeds. Additionally, KLU significantly decreased (2040-fold). Collectively, our data advances the knowledge of factors related to seed size and provides a theoretical basis for improving the yield of C. oleifera seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ji
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees of Ministry of Education and the Key Laboratory of Non-Wood Forest Products of Forestry Ministry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiling Song
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees of Ministry of Education and the Key Laboratory of Non-Wood Forest Products of Forestry Ministry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinran Yu
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees of Ministry of Education and the Key Laboratory of Non-Wood Forest Products of Forestry Ministry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanbo Tan
- Hunan Great Sanxiang Camellia Oil Co., Ltd, Hengyang, Hunan 421000, People's Republic of China
| | - Linkai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees of Ministry of Education and the Key Laboratory of Non-Wood Forest Products of Forestry Ministry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees of Ministry of Education and the Key Laboratory of Non-Wood Forest Products of Forestry Ministry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees of Ministry of Education and the Key Laboratory of Non-Wood Forest Products of Forestry Ministry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenfang Gong
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees of Ministry of Education and the Key Laboratory of Non-Wood Forest Products of Forestry Ministry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, People's Republic of China
| | - Deyi Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees of Ministry of Education and the Key Laboratory of Non-Wood Forest Products of Forestry Ministry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, People's Republic of China
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10
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De Jaeger-Braet J, Krause L, Buchholz A, Schnittger A. Heat stress reveals a specialized variant of the pachytene checkpoint in meiosis of Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:433-454. [PMID: 34718750 PMCID: PMC8846176 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth and fertility strongly depend on environmental conditions such as temperature. Remarkably, temperature also influences meiotic recombination and thus, the current climate change will affect the genetic make-up of plants. To better understand the effects of temperature on meiosis, we followed male meiocytes in Arabidopsis thaliana by live cell imaging under three temperature regimes: at 21°C; at heat shock conditions of 30°C and 34°C; after an acclimatization phase of 1 week at 30°C. This work led to a cytological framework of meiotic progression at elevated temperature. We determined that an increase from 21°C to 30°C speeds up meiosis with specific phases being more amenable to heat than others. An acclimatization phase often moderated this effect. A sudden increase to 34°C promoted a faster progression of early prophase compared to 21°C. However, the phase in which cross-overs mature was prolonged at 34°C. Since mutants involved in the recombination pathway largely did not show the extension of this phase at 34°C, we conclude that the delay is recombination-dependent. Further analysis also revealed the involvement of the ATAXIA TELANGIECTASIA MUTATED kinase in this prolongation, indicating the existence of a pachytene checkpoint in plants, yet in a specialized form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joke De Jaeger-Braet
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Linda Krause
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anika Buchholz
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Arp Schnittger
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Becker R, Görner C, Reichman P, Dissmeyer N. Trichome Transcripts as Efficiency Control for Synthetic Biology and Molecular Farming. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2379:265-276. [PMID: 35188667 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1791-5_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A variety of methods for studying glandular leaf hairs (trichomes) as multicellular micro-organs are well established for synthetic biology platforms like tobacco or tomato but rather rare for nonglandular and usually single-celled trichomes of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. A thorough isolation of-ideally intact-trichomes is decisive for further biochemical and genomic analyses of primary and secondary metabolic compounds, enzymes, and especially transcripts to monitor initial success of an engineering approach. While isolation of tomato or tobacco trichomes is rather easy, by simply freezing whole plants in liquid nitrogen and brushing off trichomes, this approach does not work for Arabidopsis. This is mainly due to damage of trichome cells during the collection procedure and very low yield. Here, we provide a robust method for a virtually epithelial cell-free isolation of Arabidopsis trichomes. This method is then joined with an RNA isolation protocol to perform mRNA analysis on extracts of the isolated trichomes using a semi-quantitative RT-PCR setup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Becker
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Halle (Saale), Germany
- ScienceCampus Halle - Plant-Based Bioeconomy, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Christian Görner
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department of Plant Physiology and Protein Metabolism Lab, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Pavel Reichman
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Halle (Saale), Germany
- ScienceCampus Halle - Plant-Based Bioeconomy, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department of Plant Physiology and Protein Metabolism Lab, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Nico Dissmeyer
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Halle (Saale), Germany.
- ScienceCampus Halle - Plant-Based Bioeconomy, Halle (Saale), Germany.
- Department of Plant Physiology and Protein Metabolism Lab, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany.
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12
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A CENH3 mutation promotes meiotic exit and restores fertility in SMG7-deficient Arabidopsis. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009779. [PMID: 34591845 PMCID: PMC8509889 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Meiosis in angiosperm plants is followed by mitotic divisions to form multicellular haploid gametophytes. Termination of meiosis and transition to gametophytic development is, in Arabidopsis, governed by a dedicated mechanism that involves SMG7 and TDM1 proteins. Mutants carrying the smg7-6 allele are semi-fertile due to reduced pollen production. We found that instead of forming tetrads, smg7-6 pollen mother cells undergo multiple rounds of chromosome condensation and spindle assembly at the end of meiosis, resembling aberrant attempts to undergo additional meiotic divisions. A suppressor screen uncovered a mutation in centromeric histone H3 (CENH3) that increased fertility and promoted meiotic exit in smg7-6 plants. The mutation led to inefficient splicing of the CENH3 mRNA and a substantial decrease of CENH3, resulting in smaller centromeres. The reduced level of CENH3 delayed formation of the mitotic spindle but did not have an apparent effect on plant growth and development. We suggest that impaired spindle re-assembly at the end of meiosis limits aberrant divisions in smg7-6 plants and promotes formation of tetrads and viable pollen. Furthermore, the mutant with reduced level of CENH3 was very inefficient haploid inducer indicating that differences in centromere size is not the key determinant of centromere-mediated genome elimination. Meiosis is a reductional cell division that halves number of chromosomes during two successive rounds of chromosome segregation without intervening DNA replication. Such mode of chromosome segregation requires extensive reprogramming of the cell division machinery at the entry to meiosis, and inactivation of the meiotic program upon the formation of haploid spores. Here we showed that Arabidopsis partially deficient in the RNA decay factor SMG7 fail to exit meiosis and continue with attempts to undergo additional cycles of post-meiotic chromosome segregations without genome replication. This results in a reduced number of viable pollen and diminished fertility. To find genes involved in meiotic exit, we performed a suppressor screen for the SMG7-deicient plants that re-gain fertility. We found that reducing the amount of centromeric histone partially restores pollen formation and fertility in smg7 mutants. This is likely due to inefficient formation of centromere-microtubule interactions that impairs spindle reassembly and re-entry into aberrant rounds of post-meiotic chromosome segregation.
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Wang Y, van Rengs WMJ, Zaidan MWAM, Underwood CJ. Meiosis in crops: from genes to genomes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:6091-6109. [PMID: 34009331 PMCID: PMC8483783 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Meiosis is a key feature of sexual reproduction. During meiosis homologous chromosomes replicate, recombine, and randomly segregate, followed by the segregation of sister chromatids to produce haploid cells. The unique genotypes of recombinant gametes are an essential substrate for the selection of superior genotypes in natural populations and in plant breeding. In this review we summarize current knowledge on meiosis in diverse monocot and dicot crop species and provide a comprehensive resource of cloned meiotic mutants in six crop species (rice, maize, wheat, barley, tomato, and Brassica species). Generally, the functional roles of meiotic proteins are conserved between plant species, but we highlight notable differences in mutant phenotypes. The physical lengths of plant chromosomes vary greatly; for instance, wheat chromosomes are roughly one order of magnitude longer than those of rice. We explore how chromosomal distribution for crossover recombination can vary between species. We conclude that research on meiosis in crops will continue to complement that in Arabidopsis, and alongside possible applications in plant breeding will facilitate a better understanding of how the different stages of meiosis are controlled in plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhong Wang
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg, Cologne, Germany
| | - Willem M J van Rengs
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mohd Waznul Adly Mohd Zaidan
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg, Cologne, Germany
| | - Charles J Underwood
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg, Cologne, Germany
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14
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Gentric N, Genschik P, Noir S. Connections between the Cell Cycle and the DNA Damage Response in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179558. [PMID: 34502465 PMCID: PMC8431409 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their sessile lifestyle, plants are especially exposed to various stresses, including genotoxic stress, which results in altered genome integrity. Upon the detection of DNA damage, distinct cellular responses lead to cell cycle arrest and the induction of DNA repair mechanisms. Interestingly, it has been shown that some cell cycle regulators are not only required for meristem activity and plant development but are also key to cope with the occurrence of DNA lesions. In this review, we first summarize some important regulatory steps of the plant cell cycle and present a brief overview of the DNA damage response (DDR) mechanisms. Then, the role played by some cell cycle regulators at the interface between the cell cycle and DNA damage responses is discussed more specifically.
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15
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Maruri-López I, Figueroa NE, Hernández-Sánchez IE, Chodasiewicz M. Plant Stress Granules: Trends and Beyond. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:722643. [PMID: 34434210 PMCID: PMC8381727 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.722643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) are dynamic membrane-less condensates transiently assembled through liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) in response to stress. SGs display a biphasic architecture constituted of core and shell phases. The core is a conserved SG fraction fundamental for its assembly and consists primarily of proteins with intrinsically disordered regions and RNA-binding domains, along with translational-related proteins. The shell fraction contains specific SG components that differ among species, cell type, and developmental stage and might include metabolic enzymes, receptors, transcription factors, untranslated mRNAs, and small molecules. SGs assembly positively correlates with stalled translation associated with stress responses playing a pivotal role during the adaptive cellular response, post-stress recovery, signaling, and metabolic rewire. After stress, SG disassembly releases mRNA and proteins to the cytoplasm to reactivate translation and reassume cell growth and development. However, under severe stress conditions or aberrant cellular behavior, SG dynamics are severely disturbed, affecting cellular homeostasis and leading to cell death in the most critical cases. The majority of research on SGs has focused on yeast and mammals as model organism. Nevertheless, the study of plant SGs has attracted attention in the last few years. Genetics studies and adapted techniques from other non-plant models, such as affinity capture coupled with multi-omics analyses, have enriched our understanding of SG composition in plants. Despite these efforts, the investigation of plant SGs is still an emerging field in plant biology research. In this review, we compile and discuss the accumulated progress of plant SGs regarding their composition, organization, dynamics, regulation, and their relation to other cytoplasmic foci. Lastly, we will explore the possible connections among the most exciting findings of SGs from mammalian, yeast, and plants, which might help provide a complete view of the biology of plant SGs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Monika Chodasiewicz
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Schmücker A, Lei B, Lorković ZJ, Capella M, Braun S, Bourguet P, Mathieu O, Mechtler K, Berger F. Crosstalk between H2A variant-specific modifications impacts vital cell functions. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009601. [PMID: 34086674 PMCID: PMC8208582 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Selection of C-terminal motifs participated in evolution of distinct histone H2A variants. Hybrid types of variants combining motifs from distinct H2A classes are extremely rare. This suggests that the proximity between the motif cases interferes with their function. We studied this question in flowering plants that evolved sporadically a hybrid H2A variant combining the SQ motif of H2A.X that participates in the DNA damage response with the KSPK motif of H2A.W that stabilizes heterochromatin. Our inventory of PTMs of H2A.W variants showed that in vivo the cell cycle-dependent kinase CDKA phosphorylates the KSPK motif of H2A.W but only in absence of an SQ motif. Phosphomimicry of KSPK prevented DNA damage response by the SQ motif of the hybrid H2A.W/X variant. In a synthetic yeast expressing the hybrid H2A.W/X variant, phosphorylation of KSPK prevented binding of the BRCT-domain protein Mdb1 to phosphorylated SQ and impaired response to DNA damage. Our findings illustrate that PTMs mediate interference between the function of H2A variant specific C-terminal motifs. Such interference could explain the mutual exclusion of motifs that led to evolution of H2A variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Schmücker
- Gregor Mendel Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bingkun Lei
- Gregor Mendel Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Zdravko J. Lorković
- Gregor Mendel Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matías Capella
- Biomedical Center, Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Sigurd Braun
- Biomedical Center, Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Molecular and Cellular Life Sciences, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Pierre Bourguet
- Gregor Mendel Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
- CNRS, Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Génétique Reproduction et Développement, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Olivier Mathieu
- CNRS, Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Génétique Reproduction et Développement, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Karl Mechtler
- Gregor Mendel Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Frédéric Berger
- Gregor Mendel Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
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17
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A Review of Unreduced Gametes and Neopolyploids in Alfalfa: How to Fill the Gap between Well-Established Meiotic Mutants and Next-Generation Genomic Resources. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10050999. [PMID: 34067689 PMCID: PMC8156078 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The gene flow mediated by unreduced gametes between diploid and tetraploid plants of the Medicagosativa-coerulea-falcata complex is pivotal for alfalfa breeding. Sexually tetraploidized hybrids could represent the best way to exploit progressive heterosis simultaneously derived from gene diversity, heterozygosity, and polyploidy. Moreover, unreduced gametes combined with parthenogenesis (i.e., apomixis) would enable the cloning of plants through seeds, providing a unique opportunity for the selection of superior genotypes with permanently fixed heterosis. This reproductive strategy has never been detected in the genus Medicago, but features of apomixis, such as restitutional apomeiosis and haploid parthenogenesis, have been reported. By means of an original case study, we demonstrated that sexually tetraploidized plants maintain apomeiosis, but this trait is developmentally independent from parthenogenesis. Alfalfa meiotic mutants producing unreduced egg cells revealed a null or very low capacity for parthenogenesis. The overall achievements reached so far are reviewed and discussed along with the efforts and strategies made for exploiting reproductive mutants that express apomictic elements in alfalfa breeding programs. Although several studies have investigated the cytological mechanisms responsible for 2n gamete formation and the inheritance of this trait, only a very small number of molecular markers and candidate genes putatively linked to unreduced gamete formation have been identified. Furthermore, this scenario has remained almost unchanged over the last two decades. Here, we propose a reverse genetics approach, by exploiting the genomic and transcriptomic resources available in alfalfa. Through a comparison with 9 proteins belonging to Arabidopsis thaliana known for their involvement in 2n gamete production, we identified 47 orthologous genes and evaluated their expression in several tissues, paving the way for novel candidate gene characterization studies. An overall view on strategies suitable to fill the gap between well-established meiotic mutants and next-generation genomic resources is presented and discussed.
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18
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Sofroni K, Takatsuka H, Yang C, Dissmeyer N, Komaki S, Hamamura Y, Böttger L, Umeda M, Schnittger A. CDKD-dependent activation of CDKA;1 controls microtubule dynamics and cytokinesis during meiosis. J Cell Biol 2021; 219:151917. [PMID: 32609301 PMCID: PMC7401817 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201907016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise control of cytoskeleton dynamics and its tight coordination with chromosomal events are key to cell division. This is exemplified by formation of the spindle and execution of cytokinesis after nuclear division. Here, we reveal that the central cell cycle regulator CYCLIN DEPENDENT KINASE A;1 (CDKA;1), the Arabidopsis homologue of Cdk1 and Cdk2, partially in conjunction with CYCLIN B3;1 (CYCB3;1), is a key regulator of the microtubule cytoskeleton in meiosis. For full CDKA;1 activity, the function of three redundantly acting CDK-activating kinases (CAKs), CDKD;1, CDKD;2, and CDKD;3, is necessary. Progressive loss of these genes in combination with a weak loss-of-function mutant in CDKA;1 allowed a fine-grained dissection of the requirement of cell-cycle kinase activity for meiosis. Notably, a moderate reduction of CDKA;1 activity converts the simultaneous cytokinesis in Arabidopsis, i.e., one cytokinesis separating all four meiotic products concurrently into two successive cytokineses with cell wall formation after the first and second meiotic division, as found in many monocotyledonous species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostika Sofroni
- University of Hamburg, Department of Developmental Biology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hirotomo Takatsuka
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan
| | - Chao Yang
- University of Hamburg, Department of Developmental Biology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nico Dissmeyer
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Shinichiro Komaki
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan
| | - Yuki Hamamura
- University of Hamburg, Department of Developmental Biology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lev Böttger
- University of Hamburg, Department of Developmental Biology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Masaaki Umeda
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan
| | - Arp Schnittger
- University of Hamburg, Department of Developmental Biology, Hamburg, Germany
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19
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Méndez AAE, Mangialavori IC, Cabrera AV, Benavides MP, Vázquez-Ramos JM, Gallego SM. Tyr-nitration in maize CDKA;1 results in lower affinity for ATP binding. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2020; 1868:140479. [PMID: 32599297 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2020.140479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase A (CDKA) is a key component for cell cycle progression. The catalytic kinase activity depends on the protein's ability to form an active complex with cyclins and on phosphoregulatory mechanisms. Cell cycle arrest and plant growth impairment under abiotic stress have been linked to different molecular processes triggered by increased levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS). Among these, posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of key proteins such as CDKA;1 may be of significance. Herein, isolated maize embryo axes were subjected to sodium nitroprusside (SNP) as an inductor of nitrosative conditions to evaluate if CDKA;1 protein was a target for RNS. A high degree of protein nitration was detected; this included the specific Tyr-nitration of CDKA;1. Tyr15 and Tyr19, located at the ATP-binding site, were the selective targets for nitration according to both in silico analysis using the predictive software GPS-YNO2, and in vitro mass spectrometry studies of recombinant nitrated ZmCDKA;1. Spectrofluorometric measurements demonstrated a reduction of ZmCDKA;1-NO2 affinity for ATP. From these results, we conclude that Tyr nitration in CDKA;1 could act as an active modulator of cell cycle progression during redox stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea A E Méndez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas "Profesor Alejandro C. Paladini" (IQUIFIB), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Irene C Mangialavori
- Universidad de Buenos Aires - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas "Profesor Alejandro C. Paladini" (IQUIFIB), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea V Cabrera
- Universidad de Buenos Aires - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas "Profesor Alejandro C. Paladini" (IQUIFIB), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María P Benavides
- Universidad de Buenos Aires - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas "Profesor Alejandro C. Paladini" (IQUIFIB), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge M Vázquez-Ramos
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Susana M Gallego
- Universidad de Buenos Aires - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas "Profesor Alejandro C. Paladini" (IQUIFIB), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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20
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Nibau C, Dadarou D, Kargios N, Mallioura A, Fernandez-Fuentes N, Cavallari N, Doonan JH. A Functional Kinase Is Necessary for Cyclin-Dependent Kinase G1 (CDKG1) to Maintain Fertility at High Ambient Temperature in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:586870. [PMID: 33240303 PMCID: PMC7683410 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.586870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining fertility in a fluctuating environment is key to the reproductive success of flowering plants. Meiosis and pollen formation are particularly sensitive to changes in growing conditions, especially temperature. We have previously identified cyclin-dependent kinase G1 (CDKG1) as a master regulator of temperature-dependent meiosis and this may involve the regulation of alternative splicing (AS), including of its own transcript. CDKG1 mRNA can undergo several AS events, potentially producing two protein variants: CDKG1L and CDKG1S, differing in their N-terminal domain which may be involved in co-factor interaction. In leaves, both isoforms have distinct temperature-dependent functions on target mRNA processing, but their role in pollen development is unknown. In the present study, we characterize the role of CDKG1L and CDKG1S in maintaining Arabidopsis fertility. We show that the long (L) form is necessary and sufficient to rescue the fertility defects of the cdkg1-1 mutant, while the short (S) form is unable to rescue fertility. On the other hand, an extra copy of CDKG1L reduces fertility. In addition, mutation of the ATP binding pocket of the kinase indicates that kinase activity is necessary for the function of CDKG1. Kinase mutants of CDKG1L and CDKG1S correctly localize to the cell nucleus and nucleus and cytoplasm, respectively, but are unable to rescue either the fertility or the splicing defects of the cdkg1-1 mutant. Furthermore, we show that there is partial functional overlap between CDKG1 and its paralog CDKG2 that could in part be explained by overlapping gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candida Nibau
- Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Candida Nibau,
| | - Despoina Dadarou
- Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Nestoras Kargios
- Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Areti Mallioura
- Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Narcis Fernandez-Fuentes
- Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Cavallari
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - John H. Doonan
- Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
- John H. Doonan,
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21
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Yang C, Sofroni K, Wijnker E, Hamamura Y, Carstens L, Harashima H, Stolze SC, Vezon D, Chelysheva L, Orban-Nemeth Z, Pochon G, Nakagami H, Schlögelhofer P, Grelon M, Schnittger A. The Arabidopsis Cdk1/Cdk2 homolog CDKA;1 controls chromosome axis assembly during plant meiosis. EMBO J 2019; 39:e101625. [PMID: 31556459 PMCID: PMC6996576 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019101625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiosis is key to sexual reproduction and genetic diversity. Here, we show that the Arabidopsis cyclin-dependent kinase Cdk1/Cdk2 homolog CDKA;1 is an important regulator of meiosis needed for several aspects of meiosis such as chromosome synapsis. We identify the chromosome axis protein ASYNAPTIC 1 (ASY1), the Arabidopsis homolog of Hop1 (homolog pairing 1), essential for synaptonemal complex formation, as a target of CDKA;1. The phosphorylation of ASY1 is required for its recruitment to the chromosome axis via ASYNAPTIC 3 (ASY3), the Arabidopsis reductional division 1 (Red1) homolog, counteracting the disassembly activity of the AAA+ ATPase PACHYTENE CHECKPOINT 2 (PCH2). Furthermore, we have identified the closure motif in ASY1, typical for HORMA domain proteins, and provide evidence that the phosphorylation of ASY1 regulates the putative self-polymerization of ASY1 along the chromosome axis. Hence, the phosphorylation of ASY1 by CDKA;1 appears to be a two-pronged mechanism to initiate chromosome axis formation in meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kostika Sofroni
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Erik Wijnker
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yuki Hamamura
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lena Carstens
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Daniel Vezon
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Liudmila Chelysheva
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Zsuzsanna Orban-Nemeth
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Vienna Biocenter, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gaëtan Pochon
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Peter Schlögelhofer
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Vienna Biocenter, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathilde Grelon
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Arp Schnittger
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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22
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Abstract
Little is known how patterns of cross-over (CO) numbers and distribution during meiosis are established. Here, we reveal that cyclin-dependent kinase A;1 (CDKA;1), the homolog of human Cdk1 and Cdk2, is a major regulator of meiotic recombination in Arabidopsis Arabidopsis plants with reduced CDKA;1 activity experienced a decrease of class I COs, especially lowering recombination rates in centromere-proximal regions. Interestingly, this reduction of type I CO did not affect CO assurance, a mechanism by which each chromosome receives at least one CO, resulting in all chromosomes exhibiting similar genetic lengths in weak loss-of-function cdka ;1 mutants. Conversely, an increase of CDKA;1 activity resulted in elevated recombination frequencies. Thus, modulation of CDKA;1 kinase activity affects the number and placement of COs along the chromosome axis in a dose-dependent manner.
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23
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Böhm T, Meng Z, Haas P, Henne-Bruns D, Rachidi N, Knippschild U, Bischof J. The kinase domain of CK1δ can be phosphorylated by Chk1. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 83:1663-1675. [PMID: 31094292 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1617105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Members of the casein kinase 1 (CK1) family are key regulators in numerous cellular signal transduction pathways and in order to prevent the development of certain diseases, CK1 kinase activity needs to be tightly regulated. Modulation of kinase activity by site-specific phosphorylation within the C-terminal regulatory domain of CK1δ has already been shown for several cellular kinases. By using biochemical methods, we now identified residues T161, T174, T176, and S181 within the kinase domain of CK1δ as target sites for checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1). At least residues T176 and S181 show full conservation among CK1δ orthologues from different eukaryotic species. Enzyme kinetic analysis furthermore led to the hypothesis that site-specific phosphorylation within the kinase domain finally contributes to fine-tuning of CK1δ kinase activity. These data provide a basis for the extension of our knowledge about the role of site-specific phosphorylation for regulation of CK1δ and associated signal transduction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Böhm
- a Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Centre, Ulm University Hospital , Ulm , Germany
| | - Zhigang Meng
- a Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Centre, Ulm University Hospital , Ulm , Germany
| | - Philipp Haas
- a Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Centre, Ulm University Hospital , Ulm , Germany
| | - Doris Henne-Bruns
- a Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Centre, Ulm University Hospital , Ulm , Germany
| | - Najma Rachidi
- b Unité de Parasitologie moléculaire et Signalisation, Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur and INSERM U1201 , Paris , France
| | - Uwe Knippschild
- a Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Centre, Ulm University Hospital , Ulm , Germany
| | - Joachim Bischof
- a Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Centre, Ulm University Hospital , Ulm , Germany
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Kosmacz M, Gorka M, Schmidt S, Luzarowski M, Moreno JC, Szlachetko J, Leniak E, Sokolowska EM, Sofroni K, Schnittger A, Skirycz A. Protein and metabolite composition of Arabidopsis stress granules. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 222:1420-1433. [PMID: 30664249 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) are evolutionary conserved aggregates of proteins and untranslated mRNAs formed in response to stress. Despite their importance for stress adaptation, no complete proteome composition has been reported for plant SGs. In this study, we addressed the existing gap. Importantly, we also provide evidence for metabolite sequestration within the SGs. To isolate SGs we used Arabidopsis seedlings expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion of the SGs marker protein, Rbp47b, and an experimental protocol combining differential centrifugation with affinity purification (AP). SGs isolates were analysed using mass spectrometry-based proteomics and metabolomics. A quarter of the identified proteins constituted known or predicted SG components. Intriguingly, the remaining proteins were enriched in key enzymes and regulators, such as cyclin-dependent kinase A (CDKA), that mediate plant responses to stress. In addition to proteins, nucleotides, amino acids and phospholipids also accumulated in SGs. Taken together, our results indicated the presence of a preexisting SG protein interaction network; an evolutionary conservation of the proteins involved in SG assembly and dynamics; an important role for SGs in moderation of stress responses by selective storage of proteins and metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kosmacz
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Michał Gorka
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Stephan Schmidt
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Marcin Luzarowski
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Juan C Moreno
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jagoda Szlachetko
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ewa Leniak
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Kostika Sofroni
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Hamburg, 22069, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Arp Schnittger
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Hamburg, 22069, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Skirycz
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
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25
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Yang C, Hamamura Y, Sofroni K, Böwer F, Stolze SC, Nakagami H, Schnittger A. SWITCH 1/DYAD is a WINGS APART-LIKE antagonist that maintains sister chromatid cohesion in meiosis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1755. [PMID: 30988453 PMCID: PMC6465247 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09759-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitosis and meiosis both rely on cohesin, which embraces the sister chromatids and plays a crucial role for the faithful distribution of chromosomes to daughter cells. Prior to the cleavage by Separase at anaphase onset, cohesin is largely removed from chromosomes by the non-proteolytic action of WINGS APART-LIKE (WAPL), a mechanism referred to as the prophase pathway. To prevent the premature loss of sister chromatid cohesion, WAPL is inhibited in early mitosis by Sororin. However, Sororin homologs have only been found to function as WAPL inhibitors during mitosis in vertebrates and Drosophila. Here we show that SWITCH 1/DYAD defines a WAPL antagonist that acts in meiosis of Arabidopsis. Crucially, SWI1 becomes dispensable for sister chromatid cohesion in the absence of WAPL. Despite the lack of any sequence similarities, we found that SWI1 is regulated and functions in a similar manner as Sororin hence likely representing a case of convergent molecular evolution across the eukaryotic kingdom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, 22609, Germany
| | - Yuki Hamamura
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, 22609, Germany
| | - Kostika Sofroni
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, 22609, Germany
| | - Franziska Böwer
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, 22609, Germany
| | | | - Hirofumi Nakagami
- Max-Planck-Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, 50829, Germany
| | - Arp Schnittger
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, 22609, Germany.
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26
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Skalák J, Vercruyssen L, Claeys H, Hradilová J, Černý M, Novák O, Plačková L, Saiz-Fernández I, Skaláková P, Coppens F, Dhondt S, Koukalová Š, Zouhar J, Inzé D, Brzobohatý B. Multifaceted activity of cytokinin in leaf development shapes its size and structure in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 97:805-824. [PMID: 30748050 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone cytokinin has been shown to affect many aspects of plant development ranging from the regulation of the shoot apical meristem to leaf senescence. However, some studies have reported contradictory effects of cytokinin on leaf physiology. Therefore cytokinin treatments cause both chlorosis and increased greening and both lead to decrease or increase in cell size. To elucidate this multifaceted role of cytokinin in leaf development, we have employed a system of temporal controls over the cytokinin pool and investigated the consequences of modulated cytokinin levels in the third leaf of Arabidopsis. We show that, at the cell proliferation phase, cytokinin is needed to maintain cell proliferation by blocking the transition to cell expansion and the onset of photosynthesis. Transcriptome profiling revealed regulation by cytokinin of a gene suite previously shown to affect cell proliferation and expansion and thereby a molecular mechanism by which cytokinin modulates a molecular network underlying the cellular responses. During the cell expansion phase, cytokinin stimulates cell expansion and differentiation. Consequently, a cytokinin excess at the cell expansion phase results in an increased leaf and rosette size fueled by higher cell expansion rate, yielding higher shoot biomass. Proteome profiling revealed the stimulation of primary metabolism by cytokinin, in line with an increased sugar content that is expected to increase turgor pressure, representing the driving force of cell expansion. Therefore, the developmental timing of cytokinin content fluctuations, together with a tight control of primary metabolism, is a key factor mediating transitions from cell proliferation to cell expansion in leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Skalák
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-61300, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Liesbeth Vercruyssen
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hannes Claeys
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jana Hradilová
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-61300, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Černý
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-61300, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Plačková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Iñigo Saiz-Fernández
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-61300, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Patricie Skaláková
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-61300, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Frederik Coppens
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stijn Dhondt
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Šárka Koukalová
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-61300, Brno, Czech Republic
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-61300, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Zouhar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-61300, Brno, Czech Republic
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-61300, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Břetislav Brzobohatý
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-61300, Brno, Czech Republic
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-61300, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, CZ-61265, Brno, Czech Republic
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27
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Craddock CP, Adams N, Kroon JT, Bryant FM, Hussey PJ, Kurup S, Eastmond PJ. Cyclin-dependent kinase activity enhances phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis in Arabidopsis by repressing phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase activity. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 89:3-14. [PMID: 27595588 PMCID: PMC5299491 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Coordination of endomembrane biogenesis with cell cycle progression is considered to be important in maintaining cell function during growth and development. We previously showed that the disruption of PHOSPHATIDIC ACID PHOSPHOHYDROLASE (PAH) activity in Arabidopsis thaliana stimulates biosynthesis of the major phospholipid phosphatidylcholine (PC) and causes expansion of the endoplasmic reticulum. Here we show that PC biosynthesis is repressed by disruption of the core cell cycle regulator CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE A;1 (CDKA;1) and that this repression is reliant on PAH. Furthermore, we show that cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) phosphorylate PAH1 at serine 162, which reduces both its activity and membrane association. Expression of a CDK-insensitive version of PAH1 with a serine 162 to alanine substitution represses PC biosynthesis and also reduces the rate of cell division in early leaf development. Together our findings reveal a physiologically important mechanism that couples the rate of phospholipid biosynthesis and endomembrane biogenesis to cell cycle progression in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian P. Craddock
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of WarwickCoventryCV4 7ALUK
- Present address: Center for Plant Cell BiologyDepartment of Botany and Plant SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaRiverside92521USA
| | - Nicolette Adams
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of WarwickCoventryCV4 7ALUK
- Present address: Centre for Proteomic and Genomic ResearchUpper LevelSt Peter's MallCorner Anzio and Main Road ObservatoryCape Town7925South Africa
| | - Johan T.M. Kroon
- School of Biological and Biomedical SciencesDurham UniversityDurhamDH1 3LEUK
| | - Fiona M. Bryant
- Department of Plant Biology and Crop ScienceRothamsted ResearchHarpendenHertfordshireAL5 2JQUK
- Present address: School of Biological and Biomedical SciencesDurham UniversityDurhamDH1 3LEUK
| | - Patrick J. Hussey
- School of Biological and Biomedical SciencesDurham UniversityDurhamDH1 3LEUK
| | - Smita Kurup
- Department of Plant Biology and Crop ScienceRothamsted ResearchHarpendenHertfordshireAL5 2JQUK
| | - Peter J. Eastmond
- Department of Plant Biology and Crop ScienceRothamsted ResearchHarpendenHertfordshireAL5 2JQUK
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28
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Boruc J, Weimer AK, Stoppin-Mellet V, Mylle E, Kosetsu K, Cedeño C, Jaquinod M, Njo M, De Milde L, Tompa P, Gonzalez N, Inzé D, Beeckman T, Vantard M, Van Damme D. Phosphorylation of MAP65-1 by Arabidopsis Aurora Kinases Is Required for Efficient Cell Cycle Progression. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 173:582-599. [PMID: 27879390 PMCID: PMC5210758 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Aurora kinases are key effectors of mitosis. Plant Auroras are functionally divided into two clades. The alpha Auroras (Aurora1 and Aurora2) associate with the spindle and the cell plate and are implicated in controlling formative divisions throughout plant development. The beta Aurora (Aurora3) localizes to centromeres and likely functions in chromosome separation. In contrast to the wealth of data available on the role of Aurora in other kingdoms, knowledge on their function in plants is merely emerging. This is exemplified by the fact that only histone H3 and the plant homolog of TPX2 have been identified as Aurora substrates in plants. Here we provide biochemical, genetic, and cell biological evidence that the microtubule-bundling protein MAP65-1-a member of the MAP65/Ase1/PRC1 protein family, implicated in central spindle formation and cytokinesis in animals, yeasts, and plants-is a genuine substrate of alpha Aurora kinases. MAP65-1 interacts with Aurora1 in vivo and is phosphorylated on two residues at its unfolded tail domain. Its overexpression and down-regulation antagonistically affect the alpha Aurora double mutant phenotypes. Phospho-mutant analysis shows that Aurora contributes to the microtubule bundling capacity of MAP65-1 in concert with other mitotic kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Boruc
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (J.B., A.K.W., E.M., K.K., M.N., L.D.M., N.G., D.I., T.B., D.V.D.);
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (J.B., A.K.W., E.M., K.K., M.N., L.D.M., N.G., D.V.D., D.I., T.B.);
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, UMR5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Université Joseph-Fourier, Grenoble, France (V.S.-M.; M.V.);
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U836, F-38000 Grenoble, France (V.S.-M., M.V.);
- Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, 1050 Brussels, Belgium (C.C., P.T.);
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussels, 1050 Brussels, Belgium (C.C., P.T.); and
- Exploring the Dynamics of Proteomes Laboratoire Biologie à Grande Echelle, U1038 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale/Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives/Université Joseph-Fourier Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant/Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives/Grenoble, F-38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France (M.J.)
| | - Annika K Weimer
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (J.B., A.K.W., E.M., K.K., M.N., L.D.M., N.G., D.I., T.B., D.V.D.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (J.B., A.K.W., E.M., K.K., M.N., L.D.M., N.G., D.V.D., D.I., T.B.)
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, UMR5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Université Joseph-Fourier, Grenoble, France (V.S.-M.; M.V.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U836, F-38000 Grenoble, France (V.S.-M., M.V.)
- Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, 1050 Brussels, Belgium (C.C., P.T.)
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussels, 1050 Brussels, Belgium (C.C., P.T.); and
- Exploring the Dynamics of Proteomes Laboratoire Biologie à Grande Echelle, U1038 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale/Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives/Université Joseph-Fourier Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant/Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives/Grenoble, F-38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France (M.J.)
| | - Virginie Stoppin-Mellet
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (J.B., A.K.W., E.M., K.K., M.N., L.D.M., N.G., D.I., T.B., D.V.D.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (J.B., A.K.W., E.M., K.K., M.N., L.D.M., N.G., D.V.D., D.I., T.B.)
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, UMR5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Université Joseph-Fourier, Grenoble, France (V.S.-M.; M.V.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U836, F-38000 Grenoble, France (V.S.-M., M.V.)
- Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, 1050 Brussels, Belgium (C.C., P.T.)
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussels, 1050 Brussels, Belgium (C.C., P.T.); and
- Exploring the Dynamics of Proteomes Laboratoire Biologie à Grande Echelle, U1038 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale/Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives/Université Joseph-Fourier Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant/Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives/Grenoble, F-38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France (M.J.)
| | - Evelien Mylle
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (J.B., A.K.W., E.M., K.K., M.N., L.D.M., N.G., D.I., T.B., D.V.D.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (J.B., A.K.W., E.M., K.K., M.N., L.D.M., N.G., D.V.D., D.I., T.B.)
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, UMR5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Université Joseph-Fourier, Grenoble, France (V.S.-M.; M.V.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U836, F-38000 Grenoble, France (V.S.-M., M.V.)
- Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, 1050 Brussels, Belgium (C.C., P.T.)
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussels, 1050 Brussels, Belgium (C.C., P.T.); and
- Exploring the Dynamics of Proteomes Laboratoire Biologie à Grande Echelle, U1038 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale/Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives/Université Joseph-Fourier Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant/Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives/Grenoble, F-38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France (M.J.)
| | - Ken Kosetsu
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (J.B., A.K.W., E.M., K.K., M.N., L.D.M., N.G., D.I., T.B., D.V.D.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (J.B., A.K.W., E.M., K.K., M.N., L.D.M., N.G., D.V.D., D.I., T.B.)
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, UMR5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Université Joseph-Fourier, Grenoble, France (V.S.-M.; M.V.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U836, F-38000 Grenoble, France (V.S.-M., M.V.)
- Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, 1050 Brussels, Belgium (C.C., P.T.)
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussels, 1050 Brussels, Belgium (C.C., P.T.); and
- Exploring the Dynamics of Proteomes Laboratoire Biologie à Grande Echelle, U1038 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale/Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives/Université Joseph-Fourier Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant/Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives/Grenoble, F-38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France (M.J.)
| | - Cesyen Cedeño
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (J.B., A.K.W., E.M., K.K., M.N., L.D.M., N.G., D.I., T.B., D.V.D.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (J.B., A.K.W., E.M., K.K., M.N., L.D.M., N.G., D.V.D., D.I., T.B.)
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, UMR5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Université Joseph-Fourier, Grenoble, France (V.S.-M.; M.V.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U836, F-38000 Grenoble, France (V.S.-M., M.V.)
- Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, 1050 Brussels, Belgium (C.C., P.T.)
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussels, 1050 Brussels, Belgium (C.C., P.T.); and
- Exploring the Dynamics of Proteomes Laboratoire Biologie à Grande Echelle, U1038 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale/Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives/Université Joseph-Fourier Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant/Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives/Grenoble, F-38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France (M.J.)
| | - Michel Jaquinod
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (J.B., A.K.W., E.M., K.K., M.N., L.D.M., N.G., D.I., T.B., D.V.D.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (J.B., A.K.W., E.M., K.K., M.N., L.D.M., N.G., D.V.D., D.I., T.B.)
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, UMR5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Université Joseph-Fourier, Grenoble, France (V.S.-M.; M.V.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U836, F-38000 Grenoble, France (V.S.-M., M.V.)
- Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, 1050 Brussels, Belgium (C.C., P.T.)
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussels, 1050 Brussels, Belgium (C.C., P.T.); and
- Exploring the Dynamics of Proteomes Laboratoire Biologie à Grande Echelle, U1038 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale/Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives/Université Joseph-Fourier Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant/Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives/Grenoble, F-38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France (M.J.)
| | - Maria Njo
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (J.B., A.K.W., E.M., K.K., M.N., L.D.M., N.G., D.I., T.B., D.V.D.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (J.B., A.K.W., E.M., K.K., M.N., L.D.M., N.G., D.V.D., D.I., T.B.)
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, UMR5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Université Joseph-Fourier, Grenoble, France (V.S.-M.; M.V.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U836, F-38000 Grenoble, France (V.S.-M., M.V.)
- Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, 1050 Brussels, Belgium (C.C., P.T.)
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussels, 1050 Brussels, Belgium (C.C., P.T.); and
- Exploring the Dynamics of Proteomes Laboratoire Biologie à Grande Echelle, U1038 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale/Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives/Université Joseph-Fourier Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant/Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives/Grenoble, F-38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France (M.J.)
| | - Liesbeth De Milde
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (J.B., A.K.W., E.M., K.K., M.N., L.D.M., N.G., D.I., T.B., D.V.D.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (J.B., A.K.W., E.M., K.K., M.N., L.D.M., N.G., D.V.D., D.I., T.B.)
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, UMR5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Université Joseph-Fourier, Grenoble, France (V.S.-M.; M.V.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U836, F-38000 Grenoble, France (V.S.-M., M.V.)
- Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, 1050 Brussels, Belgium (C.C., P.T.)
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussels, 1050 Brussels, Belgium (C.C., P.T.); and
- Exploring the Dynamics of Proteomes Laboratoire Biologie à Grande Echelle, U1038 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale/Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives/Université Joseph-Fourier Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant/Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives/Grenoble, F-38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France (M.J.)
| | - Peter Tompa
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (J.B., A.K.W., E.M., K.K., M.N., L.D.M., N.G., D.I., T.B., D.V.D.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (J.B., A.K.W., E.M., K.K., M.N., L.D.M., N.G., D.V.D., D.I., T.B.)
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, UMR5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Université Joseph-Fourier, Grenoble, France (V.S.-M.; M.V.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U836, F-38000 Grenoble, France (V.S.-M., M.V.)
- Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, 1050 Brussels, Belgium (C.C., P.T.)
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussels, 1050 Brussels, Belgium (C.C., P.T.); and
- Exploring the Dynamics of Proteomes Laboratoire Biologie à Grande Echelle, U1038 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale/Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives/Université Joseph-Fourier Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant/Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives/Grenoble, F-38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France (M.J.)
| | - Nathalie Gonzalez
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (J.B., A.K.W., E.M., K.K., M.N., L.D.M., N.G., D.I., T.B., D.V.D.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (J.B., A.K.W., E.M., K.K., M.N., L.D.M., N.G., D.V.D., D.I., T.B.)
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, UMR5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Université Joseph-Fourier, Grenoble, France (V.S.-M.; M.V.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U836, F-38000 Grenoble, France (V.S.-M., M.V.)
- Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, 1050 Brussels, Belgium (C.C., P.T.)
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussels, 1050 Brussels, Belgium (C.C., P.T.); and
- Exploring the Dynamics of Proteomes Laboratoire Biologie à Grande Echelle, U1038 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale/Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives/Université Joseph-Fourier Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant/Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives/Grenoble, F-38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France (M.J.)
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (J.B., A.K.W., E.M., K.K., M.N., L.D.M., N.G., D.I., T.B., D.V.D.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (J.B., A.K.W., E.M., K.K., M.N., L.D.M., N.G., D.V.D., D.I., T.B.)
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, UMR5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Université Joseph-Fourier, Grenoble, France (V.S.-M.; M.V.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U836, F-38000 Grenoble, France (V.S.-M., M.V.)
- Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, 1050 Brussels, Belgium (C.C., P.T.)
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussels, 1050 Brussels, Belgium (C.C., P.T.); and
- Exploring the Dynamics of Proteomes Laboratoire Biologie à Grande Echelle, U1038 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale/Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives/Université Joseph-Fourier Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant/Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives/Grenoble, F-38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France (M.J.)
| | - Tom Beeckman
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (J.B., A.K.W., E.M., K.K., M.N., L.D.M., N.G., D.I., T.B., D.V.D.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (J.B., A.K.W., E.M., K.K., M.N., L.D.M., N.G., D.V.D., D.I., T.B.)
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, UMR5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Université Joseph-Fourier, Grenoble, France (V.S.-M.; M.V.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U836, F-38000 Grenoble, France (V.S.-M., M.V.)
- Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, 1050 Brussels, Belgium (C.C., P.T.)
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussels, 1050 Brussels, Belgium (C.C., P.T.); and
- Exploring the Dynamics of Proteomes Laboratoire Biologie à Grande Echelle, U1038 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale/Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives/Université Joseph-Fourier Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant/Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives/Grenoble, F-38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France (M.J.)
| | - Marylin Vantard
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (J.B., A.K.W., E.M., K.K., M.N., L.D.M., N.G., D.I., T.B., D.V.D.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (J.B., A.K.W., E.M., K.K., M.N., L.D.M., N.G., D.V.D., D.I., T.B.)
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, UMR5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Université Joseph-Fourier, Grenoble, France (V.S.-M.; M.V.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U836, F-38000 Grenoble, France (V.S.-M., M.V.)
- Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, 1050 Brussels, Belgium (C.C., P.T.)
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussels, 1050 Brussels, Belgium (C.C., P.T.); and
- Exploring the Dynamics of Proteomes Laboratoire Biologie à Grande Echelle, U1038 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale/Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives/Université Joseph-Fourier Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant/Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives/Grenoble, F-38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France (M.J.)
| | - Daniël Van Damme
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (J.B., A.K.W., E.M., K.K., M.N., L.D.M., N.G., D.I., T.B., D.V.D.);
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (J.B., A.K.W., E.M., K.K., M.N., L.D.M., N.G., D.V.D., D.I., T.B.);
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, UMR5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Université Joseph-Fourier, Grenoble, France (V.S.-M.; M.V.);
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U836, F-38000 Grenoble, France (V.S.-M., M.V.);
- Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, 1050 Brussels, Belgium (C.C., P.T.);
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussels, 1050 Brussels, Belgium (C.C., P.T.); and
- Exploring the Dynamics of Proteomes Laboratoire Biologie à Grande Echelle, U1038 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale/Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives/Université Joseph-Fourier Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant/Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives/Grenoble, F-38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France (M.J.)
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Abstract
Determination of the general capacity of proteolytic activity of a certain cell or tissue type can be crucial for an assessment of various features of an organism's growth and development and also for the optimization of biotechnological applications. Here, we describe the use of chimeric protein stability reporters that can be detected by standard laboratory techniques such as histological staining, selection using selective media or fluorescence microscopy. Dependent on the expression of the reporters due to the promoters applied, cell- and tissue-specific questions can be addressed. Here, we concentrate on methods which can be used for large-scale screening for protein stability changes rather than for detailed protein stability studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Reichman
- Independent Junior Research Group on Protein Recognition and Degradation, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB) and Science Campus Halle - Plant-Based Bioeconomy, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Nico Dissmeyer
- Independent Junior Research Group on Protein Recognition and Degradation, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB) and Science Campus Halle - Plant-Based Bioeconomy, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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30
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Yan X, Zeng X, Wang S, Li K, Yuan R, Gao H, Luo J, Liu F, Wu Y, Li Y, Zhu L, Wu G. Aberrant Meiotic Prophase I Leads to Genic Male Sterility in the Novel TE5A Mutant of Brassica napus. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33955. [PMID: 27670217 PMCID: PMC5037387 DOI: 10.1038/srep33955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Genic male sterility (GMS) has already been extensively utilized for hybrid rapeseed production. TE5A is a novel thermo-sensitive dominant GMS line in Brassica napus, however, its mechanisms of GMS remain largely unclear. Histological and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses of anthers showed that the male gamete development of TE5A was arrested at meiosis prophase I. EdU uptake of S-phase meiocytes revealed that the TE5A mutant could accomplish DNA replication, however, chromosomal and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses of TE5A showed that homologous chromosomes could not pair, synapse, condense and form bivalents. We then analyzed the transcriptome differences between young floral buds of sterile plants and its near-isogenic fertile plants through RNA-Seq. A total of 3,841 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained, some of which were associated with homologous chromosome behavior and cell cycle control during meiosis. Dynamic expression changes of selected candidate DEGs were then analyzed at different anther developmental stages. The present study not only demonstrated that the TE5A mutant had defects in meiotic prophase I via detailed cytological analysis, but also provided a global insight into GMS-associated DEGs and elucidated the mechanisms of GMS in TE5A through RNA-Seq.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Yan
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Xinhua Zeng
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Shasha Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Keqi Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Rong Yuan
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Hongfei Gao
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Junling Luo
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yuhua Wu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yunjing Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
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31
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Harashima H, Dissmeyer N, Hammann P, Nomura Y, Kramer K, Nakagami H, Schnittger A. Modulation of plant growth in vivo and identification of kinase substrates using an analog-sensitive variant of CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE A;1. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 16:209. [PMID: 27669979 PMCID: PMC5037886 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0900-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modulation of protein activity by phosphorylation through kinases and subsequent de-phosphorylation by phosphatases is one of the most prominent cellular control mechanisms. Thus, identification of kinase substrates is pivotal for the understanding of many - if not all - molecular biological processes. Equally, the possibility to deliberately tune kinase activity is of great value to analyze the biological process controlled by a particular kinase. RESULTS Here we have applied a chemical genetic approach and generated an analog-sensitive version of CDKA;1, the central cell-cycle regulator in Arabidopsis and homolog of the yeast Cdc2/CDC28 kinases. This variant could largely rescue a cdka;1 mutant and is biochemically active, albeit less than the wild type. Applying bulky kinase inhibitors allowed the reduction of kinase activity in an organismic context in vivo and the modulation of plant growth. To isolate CDK substrates, we have adopted a two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis strategy, and searched for proteins that showed mobility changes in fluorescently labeled extracts from plants expressing the analog-sensitive version of CDKA;1 with and without adding a bulky ATP variant. A pilot set of five proteins involved in a range of different processes could be confirmed in independent kinase assays to be phosphorylated by CDKA;1 approving the applicability of the here-developed method to identify substrates. CONCLUSION The here presented generation of an analog-sensitive CDKA;1 version is functional and represent a novel tool to modulate kinase activity in vivo and identify kinase substrates. Our here performed pilot screen led to the identification of CDK targets that link cell proliferation control to sugar metabolism, proline proteolysis, and glucosinolate production providing a hint how cell proliferation and growth are integrated with plant development and physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Harashima
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Phenotypic Plasticity, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du CNRS, IBMP-CNRS - UPR2357, Université de Strasbourg, F-67084 Strasbourg, France
- Trinationales Institut für Pflanzenforschung, F-67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France
- Present address: RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045 Japan
| | - Nico Dissmeyer
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Phenotypic Plasticity, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du CNRS, IBMP-CNRS - UPR2357, Université de Strasbourg, F-67084 Strasbourg, France
- Trinationales Institut für Pflanzenforschung, F-67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France
- Present address: Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Independent Junior Research Group on Protein Recognition and Degradation, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle, (Saale) Germany
| | - Philippe Hammann
- Plateforme protéomique Strasbourg Esplanade, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire FRC1589-CNRS, F-67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Yuko Nomura
- Plant Proteomics Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Katharina Kramer
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Basic Immune System of Plants / Protein Mass Spectrometry, Carl-von-Linne-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Hirofumi Nakagami
- Plant Proteomics Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Basic Immune System of Plants / Protein Mass Spectrometry, Carl-von-Linne-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Arp Schnittger
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Phenotypic Plasticity, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du CNRS, IBMP-CNRS - UPR2357, Université de Strasbourg, F-67084 Strasbourg, France
- Trinationales Institut für Pflanzenforschung, F-67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Hamburg, Biozentrum Klein Flottbek, Ohnhorststr. 18, D-22609 Hamburg, Germany
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Faden F, Ramezani T, Mielke S, Almudi I, Nairz K, Froehlich MS, Höckendorff J, Brandt W, Hoehenwarter W, Dohmen RJ, Schnittger A, Dissmeyer N. Phenotypes on demand via switchable target protein degradation in multicellular organisms. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12202. [PMID: 27447739 PMCID: PMC4961840 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypes on-demand generated by controlling activation and accumulation of proteins of interest are invaluable tools to analyse and engineer biological processes. While temperature-sensitive alleles are frequently used as conditional mutants in microorganisms, they are usually difficult to identify in multicellular species. Here we present a versatile and transferable, genetically stable system based on a low-temperature-controlled N-terminal degradation signal (lt-degron) that allows reversible and switch-like tuning of protein levels under physiological conditions in vivo. Thereby, developmental effects can be triggered and phenotypes on demand generated. The lt-degron was established to produce conditional and cell-type-specific phenotypes and is generally applicable in a wide range of organisms, from eukaryotic microorganisms to plants and poikilothermic animals. We have successfully applied this system to control the abundance and function of transcription factors and different enzymes by tunable protein accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Faden
- Independent Junior Research Group on Protein Recognition and Degradation, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- ScienceCampus Halle—Plant-based Bioeconomy, Betty-Heimann-Strasse 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Thomas Ramezani
- University Group at the Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research (MPIPZ), Max Delbrück Laboratory, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, D-50829 Cologne, Germany
- University of Cologne, Institute of Botany III, Biocenter, Zülpicher Str. 47 b, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefan Mielke
- Independent Junior Research Group on Protein Recognition and Degradation, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- ScienceCampus Halle—Plant-based Bioeconomy, Betty-Heimann-Strasse 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Isabel Almudi
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology (IMSB), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 16, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Knud Nairz
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology (IMSB), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 16, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marceli S. Froehlich
- Institute for Genetics, Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 47a, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jörg Höckendorff
- Institute for Genetics, Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 47a, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Brandt
- Computational Chemistry, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hoehenwarter
- Proteomics Unit, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Weinberg 3, Halle (Saale) D-06120, Germany
| | - R. Jürgen Dohmen
- Institute for Genetics, Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 47a, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Arp Schnittger
- University Group at the Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research (MPIPZ), Max Delbrück Laboratory, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, D-50829 Cologne, Germany
- University of Cologne, Institute of Botany III, Biocenter, Zülpicher Str. 47 b, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
- Département Mécanismes Moléculaires de la Plasticité Phénotypique, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du CNRS, IBMP-CNRS, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357, Conventionné avec l'Université de Strasbourg, 12, rue du Général Zimmer, Strasbourg F-67000, France
| | - Nico Dissmeyer
- Independent Junior Research Group on Protein Recognition and Degradation, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- ScienceCampus Halle—Plant-based Bioeconomy, Betty-Heimann-Strasse 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- University Group at the Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research (MPIPZ), Max Delbrück Laboratory, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, D-50829 Cologne, Germany
- University of Cologne, Institute of Botany III, Biocenter, Zülpicher Str. 47 b, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
- Département Mécanismes Moléculaires de la Plasticité Phénotypique, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du CNRS, IBMP-CNRS, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357, Conventionné avec l'Université de Strasbourg, 12, rue du Général Zimmer, Strasbourg F-67000, France
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Cifuentes M, Jolivet S, Cromer L, Harashima H, Bulankova P, Renne C, Crismani W, Nomura Y, Nakagami H, Sugimoto K, Schnittger A, Riha K, Mercier R. TDM1 Regulation Determines the Number of Meiotic Divisions. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1005856. [PMID: 26871453 PMCID: PMC4752240 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell cycle control must be modified at meiosis to allow two divisions to follow a single round of DNA replication, resulting in ploidy reduction. The mechanisms that ensure meiosis termination at the end of the second and not at the end of first division are poorly understood. We show here that Arabidopsis thaliana TDM1, which has been previously shown to be essential for meiotic termination, interacts directly with the Anaphase-Promoting Complex. Further, mutations in TDM1 in a conserved putative Cyclin-Dependant Kinase (CDK) phosphorylation site (T16-P17) dominantly provoked premature meiosis termination after the first division, and the production of diploid spores and gametes. The CDKA;1-CYCA1.2/TAM complex, which is required to prevent premature meiotic exit, phosphorylated TDM1 at T16 in vitro. Finally, while CYCA1;2/TAM was previously shown to be expressed only at meiosis I, TDM1 is present throughout meiosis. These data, together with epistasis analysis, lead us to propose that TDM1 is an APC/C component whose function is to ensure meiosis termination at the end of meiosis II, and whose activity is inhibited at meiosis I by CDKA;1-TAM-mediated phosphorylation to prevent premature meiotic exit. This provides a molecular mechanism for the differential decision of performing an additional round of division, or not, at the end of meiosis I and II, respectively. Meiosis is a fundamental process for sexually reproducing organisms that creates genetic diversity within populations. A key feature of meiosis is the reduction of the number of chromosomes, from two sets to one set, prior to fertilization. This reduction in chromosome number is due to two cell divisions following a single round of DNA replication. In this study, we analysed the mechanism which controls the number of cell divisions, ensuring that meiotic termination occurs after the second meiotic division, and not at the end of the first division. We used the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana to show that the gene TDM1 has a central role in regulating meiotic cell divisions. The integrity of the gene affects whether one, two or three meiotic divisions will occur. We further explain the relationship between TDM1 and its regulator the cyclin TAM, and how they work together to produce reproductive cells with a reduced number of chromosomes. This tightly controlled mechanism ensures the transmission of the correct number of chromosomes from one generation to the next.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Cifuentes
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Sylvie Jolivet
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Laurence Cromer
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Hirofumi Harashima
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Petra Bulankova
- Gregor Mendel Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Charlotte Renne
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Wayne Crismani
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Yuko Nomura
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Nakagami
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Keiko Sugimoto
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Arp Schnittger
- University of Hamburg, Biozentrum Klein Flottbek, Department of Developmental Biology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Karel Riha
- Gregor Mendel Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Raphael Mercier
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
- * E-mail:
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Li S, Chen L, Zhang L, Li X, Liu Y, Wu Z, Dong F, Wan L, Liu K, Hong D, Yang G. BnaC9.SMG7b Functions as a Positive Regulator of the Number of Seeds per Silique in Brassica napus by Regulating the Formation of Functional Female Gametophytes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 169:2744-60. [PMID: 26494121 PMCID: PMC4677898 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Number of seeds per silique (NSS) is an important determinant of seed yield potential in Brassicaceae crops, and it is controlled by naturally occurring quantitative trait loci. We previously mapped a major quantitative trait locus, qSS.C9, on the C9 chromosome that controls NSS in Brassica napus. To gain a better understanding of how qSS.C9 controls NSS in B. napus, we isolated this locus through a map-based cloning strategy. qSS.C9 encodes a predicted small protein with 119 amino acids, designated as BnaC9.SMG7b, that shows homology with the Ever ShorterTelomere1 tertratricopeptide repeats and Ever Shorter Telomere central domains of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) SUPPRESSOR WITH MORPHOGENETIC EFFECTS ON GENITALIA7 (SMG7). BnaC9.SMG7b plays a role in regulating the formation of functional female gametophyte, thus determining the formation of functional megaspores and then mature ovules. Natural loss or artificial knockdown of BnaC9.SMG7b significantly reduces the number of functional ovules per silique and thus, results in decreased seed number, indicating that qSS.C9 is a positive regulator of NSS in B. napus. Sequence and function analyses show that BnaC9.SMG7b experiences a subfunctionalization process that causes loss of function in nonsense-mediated mRNA decay, such as in Arabidopsis SMG7. Haplotype analysis in 84 accessions showed that the favorable BnaC9.SMG7b alleles are prevalent in modern B. napus germplasms, suggesting that this locus has been a major selection target of B. napus improvement. Our results represent the first step toward unraveling the molecular mechanism that controls the natural variation of NSS in B. napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipeng Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China (S.L., L.C., L.Z., X.L., Y.L., Z.W., F.D., L.W., K.L., D.H., G.Y.); andCollege of Crop Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China (L.Z.)
| | - Lei Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China (S.L., L.C., L.Z., X.L., Y.L., Z.W., F.D., L.W., K.L., D.H., G.Y.); andCollege of Crop Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China (L.Z.)
| | - Liwu Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China (S.L., L.C., L.Z., X.L., Y.L., Z.W., F.D., L.W., K.L., D.H., G.Y.); andCollege of Crop Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China (L.Z.)
| | - Xi Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China (S.L., L.C., L.Z., X.L., Y.L., Z.W., F.D., L.W., K.L., D.H., G.Y.); andCollege of Crop Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China (L.Z.)
| | - Ying Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China (S.L., L.C., L.Z., X.L., Y.L., Z.W., F.D., L.W., K.L., D.H., G.Y.); andCollege of Crop Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China (L.Z.)
| | - Zhikun Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China (S.L., L.C., L.Z., X.L., Y.L., Z.W., F.D., L.W., K.L., D.H., G.Y.); andCollege of Crop Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China (L.Z.)
| | - Faming Dong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China (S.L., L.C., L.Z., X.L., Y.L., Z.W., F.D., L.W., K.L., D.H., G.Y.); andCollege of Crop Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China (L.Z.)
| | - Lili Wan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China (S.L., L.C., L.Z., X.L., Y.L., Z.W., F.D., L.W., K.L., D.H., G.Y.); andCollege of Crop Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China (L.Z.)
| | - Kede Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China (S.L., L.C., L.Z., X.L., Y.L., Z.W., F.D., L.W., K.L., D.H., G.Y.); andCollege of Crop Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China (L.Z.)
| | - Dengfeng Hong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China (S.L., L.C., L.Z., X.L., Y.L., Z.W., F.D., L.W., K.L., D.H., G.Y.); andCollege of Crop Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China (L.Z.)
| | - Guangsheng Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China (S.L., L.C., L.Z., X.L., Y.L., Z.W., F.D., L.W., K.L., D.H., G.Y.); andCollege of Crop Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China (L.Z.)
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Ye J, Zhang Z, Long H, Zhang Z, Hong Y, Zhang X, You C, Liang W, Ma H, Lu P. Proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses reveal extensive phosphorylation of regulatory proteins in developing rice anthers. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 84:527-44. [PMID: 26360816 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Anther development, particularly around the time of meiosis, is extremely crucial for plant sexual reproduction. Meanwhile, cell-to-cell communication between somatic (especial tapetum) cells and meiocytes are important for both somatic anther development and meiosis. To investigate possible molecular mechanisms modulating protein activities during anther development, we applied high-resolution mass spectrometry-based proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses for developing rice (Oryza sativa) anthers around the time of meiosis (RAM). In total, we identified 4984 proteins and 3203 phosphoproteins with 8973 unique phosphorylation sites (p-sites). Among those detected here, 1544 phosphoproteins are currently absent in the Plant Protein Phosphorylation DataBase (P3 DB), substantially enriching plant phosphorylation information. Mapman enrichment analysis showed that 'DNA repair','transcription regulation' and 'signaling' related proteins were overrepresented in the phosphorylated proteins. Ten genetically identified rice meiotic proteins were detected to be phosphorylated at a total of 25 p-sites; moreover more than 400 meiotically expressed proteins were revealed to be phosphorylated and their phosphorylation sites were precisely assigned. 163 putative secretory proteins, possibly functioning in cell-to-cell communication, are also phosphorylated. Furthermore, we showed that DNA synthesis, RNA splicing and RNA-directed DNA methylation pathways are extensively affected by phosphorylation. In addition, our data support 46 kinase-substrate pairs predicted by the rice Kinase-Protein Interaction Map, with SnRK1 substrates highly enriched. Taken together, our data revealed extensive protein phosphorylation during anther development, suggesting an important post-translational modification affecting protein activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanying Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zaibao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Haifei Long
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhimin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yue Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xumin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chenjiang You
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Wanqi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Pingli Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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Takatsuka H, Umeda-Hara C, Umeda M. Cyclin-dependent kinase-activating kinases CDKD;1 and CDKD;3 are essential for preserving mitotic activity in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 82:1004-1017. [PMID: 25942995 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
For the full activation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), not only cyclin binding but also CDK phosphorylation is required. This activating phosphorylation is mediated by CDK-activating kinases (CAKs). Arabidopsis has four genes showing similarity to vertebrate-type CAKs, three CDKDs (CDKD;1-CDKD;3) and one CDKF (CDKF;1). We previously found that the cdkf;1 mutant is defective in post-embryonic development, even though the kinase activities of core CDKs remain unchanged relative to the wild type. This raised a question about the involvement of CDKDs in CDK activation in planta. Here we report that the cdkd;1 cdkd;3 double mutant showed gametophytic lethality. Most cdkd;1-1 cdkd;3-1 pollen grains were defective in pollen mitosis I and II, producing one-cell or two-cell pollen grains that lacked fertilization ability. We also found that the double knock-out of CDKD;1 and CDKD;3 caused arrest and/or delay in the progression of female gametogenesis at multiple steps. Our genetic analyses revealed that the functions of CDKF;1 and CDKD;1 or CDKD;3 do not overlap, either during gametophyte and embryo development or in post-embryonic development. Consistent with these analyses, CDKF;1 expression in the cdkd;1-1 cdkd;3-1 mutant could not rescue the gametophytic lethality. These results suggest that, in Arabidopsis, CDKD;1 and CDKD;3 function as CAKs controlling mitosis, whereas CDKF;1 plays a distinct role, mainly in post-embryonic development. We propose that CDKD;1 and CDKD;3 phosphorylate and activate all core CDKs, CDKA, CDKB1 and CDKB2, thereby governing cell cycle progression throughout plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotomo Takatsuka
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Chikage Umeda-Hara
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Masaaki Umeda
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
- JST, CREST, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
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Mercier R, Mézard C, Jenczewski E, Macaisne N, Grelon M. The molecular biology of meiosis in plants. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 66:297-327. [PMID: 25494464 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-050213-035923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Meiosis is the cell division that reshuffles genetic information between generations. Recently, much progress has been made in understanding this process; in particular, the identification and functional analysis of more than 80 plant genes involved in meiosis have dramatically deepened our knowledge of this peculiar cell division. In this review, we provide an overview of advancements in the understanding of all aspects of plant meiosis, including recombination, chromosome synapsis, cell cycle control, chromosome distribution, and the challenge of polyploidy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Mercier
- INRA, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, F-78026 Versailles, France; , , , ,
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Qu X, Chatty PR, Roeder AHK. Endomembrane trafficking protein SEC24A regulates cell size patterning in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 166:1877-90. [PMID: 25315606 PMCID: PMC4256882 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.246033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Size is a critical property of a cell, but how it is determined is still not well understood. The sepal epidermis of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) contains cells with a diversity of sizes ranging from giant cells to small cells. Giant cells have undergone endoreduplication, a specialized cell cycle in which cells replicate their DNA but fail to divide, becoming polyploid and enlarged. Through forward genetics, we have identified a new mutant with ectopic giant cells covering the sepal epidermis. Surprisingly, the mutated gene, SEC24A, encodes a coat protein complex II vesicle coat subunit involved in endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi trafficking in the early secretory pathway. We show that the ectopic giant cells of sec24a-2 are highly endoreduplicated and that their formation requires the activity of giant cell pathway genes LOSS OF GIANT CELLS FROM ORGANS, DEFECTIVE KERNEL1, and Arabidopsis CRINKLY4. In contrast to other trafficking mutants, cytokinesis appears to occur normally in sec24a-2. Our study reveals an unexpected yet specific role of SEC24A in endoreduplication and cell size patterning in the Arabidopsis sepal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Qu
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology and School of Integrative Plant Science, Section of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Prerana Rao Chatty
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology and School of Integrative Plant Science, Section of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Adrienne H K Roeder
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology and School of Integrative Plant Science, Section of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
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Faden F, Mielke S, Lange D, Dissmeyer N. Generic tools for conditionally altering protein abundance and phenotypes on demand. Biol Chem 2014; 395:737-62. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2014-0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Conditional gene expression and modulating protein stability under physiological conditions are important tools in biomedical research. They led to a thorough understanding of the roles of many proteins in living organisms. Current protocols allow for manipulating levels of DNA, mRNA, and of functional proteins. Modulating concentrations of proteins of interest, their post-translational processing, and their targeted depletion or accumulation are based on a variety of underlying molecular modes of action. Several available tools allow a direct as well as rapid and reversible variation right on the spot, i.e., on the level of the active form of a gene product. The methods and protocols discussed here include inducible and tissue-specific promoter systems as well as portable degrons derived from instable donor sequences. These are either constitutively active or dormant so that they can be triggered by exogenous or developmental cues. Many of the described techniques here directly influencing the protein stability are established in yeast, cell culture and in vitro systems only, whereas the indirectly working promoter-based tools are also commonly used in higher eukaryotes. Our major goal is to link current concepts of conditionally modulating a protein of interest’s activity and/or abundance and approaches for generating cell and tissue types on demand in living, multicellular organisms with special emphasis on plants.
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CDKG1 protein kinase is essential for synapsis and male meiosis at high ambient temperature in Arabidopsis thaliana. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:2182-7. [PMID: 24469829 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1318460111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Arabidopsis cyclin-dependent kinase G (CDKG) gene defines a clade of cyclin-dependent protein kinases related to CDK10 and CDK11, as well as to the enigmatic Ph1-related kinases that are implicated in controlling homeologous chromosome pairing in wheat. Here we demonstrate that the CDKG1/CYCLINL complex is essential for synapsis and recombination during male meiosis. A transfer-DNA insertional mutation in the cdkg1 gene leads to a temperature-sensitive failure of meiosis in late Zygotene/Pachytene that is associated with defective formation of the synaptonemal complex, reduced bivalent formation and crossing over, and aneuploid gametes. An aphenotypic insertion in the cyclin L gene, a cognate cyclin for CDKG, strongly enhances the phenotype of cdkg1-1 mutants, indicating that this cdk-cyclin complex is essential for male meiosis. Since CYCLINL, CDKG, and their mammalian homologs have been previously shown to affect mRNA processing, particularly alternative splicing, our observations also suggest a mechanism to explain the widespread phenomenon of thermal sensitivity in male meiosis.
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Winnicki K. ATM/ATR-dependent Tyr15 phosphorylation of cyclin-dependent kinases in response to hydroxyurea in Vicia faba root meristem cells. PROTOPLASMA 2013; 250:1139-45. [PMID: 23468117 PMCID: PMC3788184 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-013-0490-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage or stalled replication forks activate cell cycle checkpoints. However, the regulation of metabolic pathways that are responsible for maintenance of genome integrity in plants is still largely unknown. Present research on Vicia faba root meristem cells indicates that inhibitory phosphorylation of cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) at Tyr15 plays a prominent role during blockage of cell cycle in response to genotoxic stress. Phosphorylation of P-loop in Cdks takes place in ATM/ATR-dependent manner. Although, Tyr15 phosphorylation upon hydroxyurea (HU) treatment was found in most cells classified to G1 and S phase, interestingly, the number of phoshpo-Tyr15-positive cells decreases in G2 phase. Presented data confirm much similarity in regulation of Cdks functions under genotoxic stress between plants and animals; however, they may also substantiate evolutionarily developed differences especially in regulation of G2/M transition between these two kingdoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Winnicki
- Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, ul. Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland,
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Bolaños-Villegas P, Yang X, Wang HJ, Juan CT, Chuang MH, Makaroff CA, Jauh GY. Arabidopsis CHROMOSOME TRANSMISSION FIDELITY 7 (AtCTF7/ECO1) is required for DNA repair, mitosis and meiosis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 75:927-40. [PMID: 23750584 PMCID: PMC3824207 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The proper transmission of DNA in dividing cells is crucial for the survival of eukaryotic organisms. During cell division, faithful segregation of replicated chromosomes requires their tight attachment, known as sister chromatid cohesion, until anaphase. Sister chromatid cohesion is established during S-phase in a process requiring an acetyltransferase that in yeast is known as Establishment of cohesion 1 (Eco1). Inactivation of Eco1 typically disrupts chromosome segregation and homologous recombination-dependent DNA repair in dividing cells, ultimately resulting in lethality. We report here the isolation and detailed characterization of two homozygous T-DNA insertion mutants for the Arabidopsis thaliana Eco1 homolog, CHROMOSOME TRANSMISSION FIDELITY 7/ESTABLISHMENT OF COHESION 1 (CTF7/ECO1), called ctf7-1 and ctf7-2. Mutants exhibited dwarfism, poor anther development and sterility. Analysis of somatic tissues by flow cytometry, scanning electron microscopy and quantitative real-time PCR identified defects in DNA repair and cell division, including an increase in the area of leaf epidermal cells, an increase in DNA content and the upregulation of genes involved in DNA repair including BRCA1 and PARP2. No significant change was observed in the expression of genes that influence entry into the endocycle. Analysis of meiocytes identified changes in chromosome morphology and defective segregation; the abundance of chromosomal-bound cohesion subunits was also reduced. Transcript levels for several meiotic genes, including the recombinase genes DMC1 and RAD51C and the S-phase licensing factor CDC45 were elevated in mutant anthers. Taken together our results demonstrate that Arabidopsis CTF7/ECO1 plays important roles in the preservation of genome integrity and meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Bolaños-Villegas
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia SinicaTaipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, National Chung-Hsing University and Academia SinicaTaipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Xiaohui Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami UniversityOxford, OH, 45056, USA
| | - Huei-Jing Wang
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia SinicaTaipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ta Juan
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia SinicaTaipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hsiang Chuang
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia SinicaTaipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | | | - Guang-Yuh Jauh
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia SinicaTaipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, National Chung-Hsing University and Academia SinicaTaipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Biotechnology Center, Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung-Hsing UniversityTaichung, 402, Taiwan
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Wijnker E, Schnittger A. Control of the meiotic cell division program in plants. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2013; 26:143-58. [PMID: 23852379 PMCID: PMC3747318 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-013-0223-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
While the question of why organisms reproduce sexually is still a matter of controversy, it is clear that the foundation of sexual reproduction is the formation of gametes with half the genomic DNA content of a somatic cell. This reduction in genomic content is accomplished through meiosis that, in contrast to mitosis, comprises two subsequent chromosome segregation steps without an intervening S phase. In addition, meiosis generates new allele combinations through the compilation of new sets of homologous chromosomes and the reciprocal exchange of chromatid segments between homologues. Progression through meiosis relies on many of the same, or at least homologous, cell cycle regulators that act in mitosis, e.g., cyclin-dependent kinases and the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome. However, these mitotic control factors are often differentially regulated in meiosis. In addition, several meiosis-specific cell cycle genes have been identified. We here review the increasing knowledge on meiotic cell cycle control in plants. Interestingly, plants appear to have relaxed cell cycle checkpoints in meiosis in comparison with animals and yeast and many cell cycle mutants are viable. This makes plants powerful models to study meiotic progression and allows unique modifications to their meiotic program to develop new plant-breeding strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Wijnker
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Phenotypic Plasticity, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
- Trinationales Institut für Pflanzenforschung, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Arp Schnittger
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Phenotypic Plasticity, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
- Trinationales Institut für Pflanzenforschung, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
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De Storme N, Geelen D. Sexual polyploidization in plants--cytological mechanisms and molecular regulation. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2013; 198:670-684. [PMID: 23421646 PMCID: PMC3744767 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2012] [Accepted: 01/01/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In the plant kingdom, events of whole genome duplication or polyploidization are generally believed to occur via alterations of the sexual reproduction process. Thereby, diploid pollen and eggs are formed that contain the somatic number of chromosomes rather than the gametophytic number. By participating in fertilization, these so-called 2n gametes generate polyploid offspring and therefore constitute the basis for the establishment of polyploidy in plants. In addition, diplogamete formation, through meiotic restitution, is an essential component of apomixis and also serves as an important mechanism for the restoration of F1 hybrid fertility. Characterization of the cytological mechanisms and molecular factors underlying 2n gamete formation is therefore not only relevant for basic plant biology and evolution, but may also provide valuable cues for agricultural and biotechnological applications (e.g. reverse breeding, clonal seeds). Recent data have provided novel insights into the process of 2n pollen and egg formation and have revealed multiple means to the same end. Here, we summarize the cytological mechanisms and molecular regulatory networks underlying 2n gamete formation, and outline important mitotic and meiotic processes involved in the ectopic induction of sexual polyploidization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico De Storme
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, University of Ghent, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Danny Geelen
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, University of Ghent, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Gent, Belgium
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Weimer AK, Nowack MK, Bouyer D, Zhao X, Harashima H, Naseer S, De Winter F, Dissmeyer N, Geldner N, Schnittger A. Retinoblastoma related1 regulates asymmetric cell divisions in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2012; 24:4083-95. [PMID: 23104828 PMCID: PMC3517237 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.112.104620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Formative, also called asymmetric, cell divisions produce daughter cells with different identities. Like other divisions, formative divisions rely first of all on the cell cycle machinery with centrally acting cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and their cyclin partners to control progression through the cell cycle. However, it is still largely obscure how developmental cues are translated at the cellular level to promote asymmetric divisions. Here, we show that formative divisions in the shoot and root of the flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana are controlled by a common mechanism that relies on the activity level of the Cdk1 homolog CDKA;1, with medium levels being sufficient for symmetric divisions but high levels being required for formative divisions. We reveal that the function of CDKA;1 in asymmetric cell divisions operates through a transcriptional regulation system that is mediated by the Arabidopsis Retinoblastoma homolog RBR1. RBR1 regulates not only cell cycle genes, but also, independent of the cell cycle transcription factor E2F, genes required for formative divisions and cell fate acquisition, thus directly linking cell proliferation with differentiation. This mechanism allows the implementation of spatial information, in the form of high kinase activity, with intracellular gating of developmental decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika K. Weimer
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Phenotypic Plasticity, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, IBMP, Unité propre de recherche 2357, Université de Strasbourg, F-67084 Strasbourg cedex, France
| | - Moritz K. Nowack
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Daniel Bouyer
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Phenotypic Plasticity, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, IBMP, Unité propre de recherche 2357, Université de Strasbourg, F-67084 Strasbourg cedex, France
| | - Xin’Ai Zhao
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Phenotypic Plasticity, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, IBMP, Unité propre de recherche 2357, Université de Strasbourg, F-67084 Strasbourg cedex, France
| | - Hirofumi Harashima
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Phenotypic Plasticity, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, IBMP, Unité propre de recherche 2357, Université de Strasbourg, F-67084 Strasbourg cedex, France
- Trinationales Institut für Pflanzenforschung, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, IBMP, F-67084 Strasbourg cedex, France
| | - Sadaf Naseer
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Freya De Winter
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nico Dissmeyer
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Phenotypic Plasticity, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, IBMP, Unité propre de recherche 2357, Université de Strasbourg, F-67084 Strasbourg cedex, France
| | - Niko Geldner
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Arp Schnittger
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Phenotypic Plasticity, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, IBMP, Unité propre de recherche 2357, Université de Strasbourg, F-67084 Strasbourg cedex, France
- Trinationales Institut für Pflanzenforschung, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, IBMP, F-67084 Strasbourg cedex, France
- Address correspondence to
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Luo G, Gu H, Liu J, Qu LJ. Four closely-related RING-type E3 ligases, APD1-4, are involved in pollen mitosis II regulation in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 54:814-27. [PMID: 22897245 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7909.2012.01152.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitination of proteins is one of the critical regulatory mechanisms in eukaryotes. In higher plants, protein ubiquitination plays an essential role in many biological processes, including hormone signaling, photomorphogenesis, and pathogen defense. However, the roles of protein ubiquitination in the reproductive process are not clear. In this study, we identified four plant-specific RING-finger genes designated Aberrant Pollen Development 1 (APD1) to APD4, as regulators of pollen mitosis II (PMII) in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.). The apd1 apd2 double mutant showed a significantly increased percentage of bicellular-like pollen at the mature pollen stage. Further downregulation of the APD3 and APD4 transcripts in apd1 apd2 by RNA interference (RNAi) resulted in more severe abnormal bicellular-like pollen phenotypes than in apd1 apd2, suggesting that cell division was defective in male gametogenesis. All of the four genes were expressed in multiple stages at different levels during male gametophyte development. Confocal analysis using green florescence fusion proteins (GFP) GFP-APD1 and GFP-APD2 showed that APDs are associated with intracellular membranes. Furthermore, APD2 had E2-dependent E3 ligase activity in vitro, and five APD2-interacting proteins were identified. Our results suggest that these four genes may be involved, redundantly, in regulating the PMII process during male gametogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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47
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Zhao X, Harashima H, Dissmeyer N, Pusch S, Weimer AK, Bramsiepe J, Bouyer D, Rademacher S, Nowack MK, Novak B, Sprunck S, Schnittger A. A general G1/S-phase cell-cycle control module in the flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana. PLoS Genet 2012; 8:e1002847. [PMID: 22879821 PMCID: PMC3410867 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The decision to replicate its DNA is of crucial importance for every cell and, in many organisms, is decisive for the progression through the entire cell cycle. A comparison of animals versus yeast has shown that, although most of the involved cell-cycle regulators are divergent in both clades, they fulfill a similar role and the overall network topology of G1/S regulation is highly conserved. Using germline development as a model system, we identified a regulatory cascade controlling entry into S phase in the flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana, which, as a member of the Plantae supergroup, is phylogenetically only distantly related to Opisthokonts such as yeast and animals. This module comprises the Arabidopsis homologs of the animal transcription factor E2F, the plant homolog of the animal transcriptional repressor Retinoblastoma (Rb)-related 1 (RBR1), the plant-specific F-box protein F-BOX-LIKE 17 (FBL17), the plant specific cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors KRPs, as well as CDKA;1, the plant homolog of the yeast and animal Cdc2⁺/Cdk1 kinases. Our data show that the principle of a double negative wiring of Rb proteins is highly conserved, likely representing a universal mechanism in eukaryotic cell-cycle control. However, this negative feedback of Rb proteins is differently implemented in plants as it is brought about through a quadruple negative regulation centered around the F-box protein FBL17 that mediates the degradation of CDK inhibitors but is itself directly repressed by Rb. Biomathematical simulations and subsequent experimental confirmation of computational predictions revealed that this regulatory circuit can give rise to hysteresis highlighting the here identified dosage sensitivity of CDK inhibitors in this network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin'Ai Zhao
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Phenotypic Plasticity, Institut de Biologie Mole´culaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Hirofumi Harashima
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Phenotypic Plasticity, Institut de Biologie Mole´culaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Trinationales Institut für Pflanzenforschung, Strasbourg, France
| | - Nico Dissmeyer
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Phenotypic Plasticity, Institut de Biologie Mole´culaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Stefan Pusch
- Unigruppe am Max-Planck-Institut für Pflanzenzü chtungsforschung, Lehrstuhl für Botanik III, Universität zu Köln, Köln, Germany
| | - Annika K. Weimer
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Phenotypic Plasticity, Institut de Biologie Mole´culaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jonathan Bramsiepe
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Phenotypic Plasticity, Institut de Biologie Mole´culaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Daniel Bouyer
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Phenotypic Plasticity, Institut de Biologie Mole´culaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Svenja Rademacher
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Moritz K. Nowack
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Bela Novak
- Oxford Centre for Integrative Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stefanie Sprunck
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Arp Schnittger
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Phenotypic Plasticity, Institut de Biologie Mole´culaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Trinationales Institut für Pflanzenforschung, Strasbourg, France
- Unigruppe am Max-Planck-Institut für Pflanzenzü chtungsforschung, Lehrstuhl für Botanik III, Universität zu Köln, Köln, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Cromer L, Heyman J, Touati S, Harashima H, Araou E, Girard C, Horlow C, Wassmann K, Schnittger A, De Veylder L, Mercier R. OSD1 promotes meiotic progression via APC/C inhibition and forms a regulatory network with TDM and CYCA1;2/TAM. PLoS Genet 2012; 8:e1002865. [PMID: 22844260 PMCID: PMC3406007 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell cycle control is modified at meiosis compared to mitosis, because two divisions follow a single DNA replication event. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) promote progression through both meiosis and mitosis, and a central regulator of their activity is the APC/C (Anaphase Promoting Complex/Cyclosome) that is especially required for exit from mitosis. We have shown previously that OSD1 is involved in entry into both meiosis I and meiosis II in Arabidopsis thaliana; however, the molecular mechanism by which OSD1 controls these transitions has remained unclear. Here we show that OSD1 promotes meiotic progression through APC/C inhibition. Next, we explored the functional relationships between OSD1 and the genes known to control meiotic cell cycle transitions in Arabidopsis. Like osd1, cyca1;2/tam mutation leads to a premature exit from meiosis after the first division, while tdm mutants perform an aberrant third meiotic division after normal meiosis I and II. Remarkably, while tdm is epistatic to tam, osd1 is epistatic to tdm. We further show that the expression of a non-destructible CYCA1;2/TAM provokes, like tdm, the entry into a third meiotic division. Finally, we show that CYCA1;2/TAM forms an active complex with CDKA;1 that can phosphorylate OSD1 in vitro. We thus propose that a functional network composed of OSD1, CYCA1;2/TAM, and TDM controls three key steps of meiotic progression, in which OSD1 is a meiotic APC/C inhibitor. In the life cycle of sexual organisms, a specialized cell division—meiosis—reduces the number of chromosomes from two sets (2n, diploid) to one set (n, haploid), while fertilization restores the original chromosome number. Meiosis reduces ploidy because it consists of two cellular divisions following a single DNA replication. In this study, we analyze the function of a group of genes that collectively controls the entry into the first meiotic division, the entry into the second meiotic division, and the exit from meiosis in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. We revealed a complex regulation network that controls these three key transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Cromer
- INRA, UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Versailles, France
- AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Versailles, France
| | - Jefri Heyman
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Sandra Touati
- UMPC University of Paris 6, UMR7622, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR7622, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Paris, France
| | - Hirofumi Harashima
- IBMP, UPR2357 du CNRS, Strasbourg, France
- Trinationales Institut fuer Pflanzenforschung, Strasbourg, France
| | - Emilie Araou
- INRA, UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Versailles, France
- AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Versailles, France
| | - Chloe Girard
- INRA, UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Versailles, France
- AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Versailles, France
| | - Christine Horlow
- INRA, UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Versailles, France
- AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Versailles, France
| | - Katja Wassmann
- UMPC University of Paris 6, UMR7622, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR7622, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Paris, France
| | - Arp Schnittger
- IBMP, UPR2357 du CNRS, Strasbourg, France
- Trinationales Institut fuer Pflanzenforschung, Strasbourg, France
| | - Lieven De Veylder
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Raphael Mercier
- INRA, UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Versailles, France
- AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Versailles, France
- * E-mail:
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49
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Harashima H, Schnittger A. Robust reconstitution of active cell-cycle control complexes from co-expressed proteins in bacteria. PLANT METHODS 2012; 8:23. [PMID: 22741569 PMCID: PMC3490756 DOI: 10.1186/1746-4811-8-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell proliferation is an important determinant of plant growth and development. In addition, modulation of cell-division rate is an important mechanism of plant plasticity and is key in adapting of plants to environmental conditions. One of the greatest challenges in understanding the cell cycle of flowering plants is the large families of CDKs and cyclins that have the potential to form many different complexes. However, it is largely unclear which complexes are active. In addition, there are many CDK- and cyclin-related proteins whose biological role is still unclear, i.e. whether they have indeed enzymatic activity. Thus, a biochemical characterization of these proteins is of key importance for the understanding of their function. RESULTS Here we present a straightforward system to systematically express and purify active CDK-cyclin complexes from E. coli extracts. Our method relies on the concomitant production of a CDK activating kinase, which catalyzes the T-loop phosphorylation necessary for kinase activity. Taking the examples of the G1-phase cyclin CYCLIN D3;1 (CYCD3;1), the mitotic cyclin CYCLIN B1;2 (CYCB1;2) and the atypical meiotic cyclin SOLO DANCERS (SDS) in conjunction with A-, B1- and B2-type CDKs, we show that different CDKs can interact with various cyclins in vitro but only a few specific complexes have high levels of kinase activity. CONCLUSIONS Our work shows that both the cyclin as well as the CDK partner contribute to substrate specificity in plants. These findings refine the interaction networks in cell-cycle control and pinpoint to particular complexes for modulating cell proliferation activity in breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Harashima
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Phenotypic Plasticity, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du CNRS, IBMP-CNRS - UPR2357, Université de Strasbourg, 12, rue du Général Zimmer, F-67084, Strasbourg Cedex, France
- Institut trinational pour la recherche sur les plantes, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du CNRS, IBMP-CNRS - UPR2357, Université de Strasbourg, 12, rue du Général Zimmer, F-67084, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Arp Schnittger
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Phenotypic Plasticity, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du CNRS, IBMP-CNRS - UPR2357, Université de Strasbourg, 12, rue du Général Zimmer, F-67084, Strasbourg Cedex, France
- Institut trinational pour la recherche sur les plantes, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du CNRS, IBMP-CNRS - UPR2357, Université de Strasbourg, 12, rue du Général Zimmer, F-67084, Strasbourg Cedex, France
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50
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Nowack M, Harashima H, Dissmeyer N, Zhao X, Bouyer D, Weimer A, De Winter F, Yang F, Schnittger A. Genetic Framework of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Function in Arabidopsis. Dev Cell 2012; 22:1030-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2012.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Revised: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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