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Réthoré E, Pelletier S, Balliau T, Zivy M, Avelange-Macherel MH, Macherel D. Multi-scale analysis of heat stress acclimation in Arabidopsis seedlings highlights the primordial contribution of energy-transducing organelles. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38613336 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Much progress has been made in understanding the molecular mechanisms of plant adaptation to heat stress. However, the great diversity of models and stress conditions, and the fact that analyses are often limited to a small number of approaches, complicate the picture. We took advantage of a liquid culture system in which Arabidopsis seedlings are arrested in their development, thus avoiding interference with development and drought stress responses, to investigate through an integrative approach seedlings' global response to heat stress and acclimation. Seedlings perfectly tolerate a noxious heat shock (43°C) when subjected to a heat priming treatment at a lower temperature (38°C) the day before, displaying a thermotolerance comparable to that previously observed for Arabidopsis. A major effect of the pre-treatment was to partially protect energy metabolism under heat shock and favor its subsequent rapid recovery, which was correlated with the survival of seedlings. Rapid recovery of actin cytoskeleton and mitochondrial dynamics were another landmark of heat shock tolerance. The omics confirmed the role of the ubiquitous heat shock response actors but also revealed specific or overlapping responses to priming, heat shock, and their combination. Since only a few components or functions of chloroplast and mitochondria were highlighted in these analyses, the preservation and rapid recovery of their bioenergetic roles upon acute heat stress do not require extensive remodeling of the organelles. Protection of these organelles is rather integrated into the overall heat shock response, thus allowing them to provide the energy required to elaborate other cellular responses toward acclimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Réthoré
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro Rennes-Angers, INRAE, IRHS-UMR 1345, F-49000, Angers, France
| | - Sandra Pelletier
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro Rennes-Angers, INRAE, IRHS-UMR 1345, F-49000, Angers, France
| | - Thierry Balliau
- INRAE, PAPPSO, UMR/UMR Génétique Végétale, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Michel Zivy
- INRAE, PAPPSO, UMR/UMR Génétique Végétale, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | | | - David Macherel
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro Rennes-Angers, INRAE, IRHS-UMR 1345, F-49000, Angers, France
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2
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Chustecki JM, Johnston IG. Collective mitochondrial dynamics resolve conflicting cellular tensions: From plants to general principles. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 156:253-265. [PMID: 38043948 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria play diverse and essential roles in eukaryotic cells, and plants are no exception. Plant mitochondria have several differences from their metazoan and fungal cousins: they often exist in a fragmented state, move rapidly on actin rather than microtubules, have many plant-specific metabolic features and roles, and usually contain only a subset of the complete mtDNA genome, which itself undergoes frequent recombination. This arrangement means that exchange and complementation is essential for plant mitochondria, and recent work has begun to reveal how their collective dynamics and resultant "social networks" of encounters support this exchange, connecting plant mitochondria in time rather than in space. This review will argue that this social network perspective can be extended to a "societal network", where mitochondrial dynamics are an essential part of the interacting cellular society of organelles and biomolecules. Evidence is emerging that mitochondrial dynamics allow optimal resolutions to competing cellular priorities; we will survey this evidence and review potential future research directions, highlighting that plant mitochondria can help reveal and test principles that apply across other kingdoms of life. In parallel with this fundamental cell biology, we also highlight the translational "One Health" importance of plant mitochondrial behaviour - which is exploited in the production of a vast amount of crops consumed worldwide - and the potential for multi-objective optimisation to understand and rationally re-engineer the evolved resolutions to these tensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M Chustecki
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Iain G Johnston
- Department of Mathematics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Computational Biology Unit, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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3
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Kobayashi K, Jimbo H, Nakamura Y, Wada H. Biosynthesis of phosphatidylglycerol in photosynthetic organisms. Prog Lipid Res 2024; 93:101266. [PMID: 38040200 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylglycerol (PG) is a unique phospholipid class with its indispensable role in photosynthesis and growth in land plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. PG is the only major phospholipid in the thylakoid membrane of cyanobacteria and plant chloroplasts and a main lipid component in photosynthetic protein-cofactor complexes such as photosystem I and photosystem II. In plants and algae, PG is also essential as a substrate for the biosynthesis of cardiolipin, which is a unique lipid present only in mitochondrial membranes and crucial for the functions of mitochondria. PG biosynthesis pathways in plants include three membranous organelles, plastids, mitochondria, and the endoplasmic reticulum in a complex manner. While the molecular biology underlying the role of PG in photosynthetic functions is well established, many enzymes responsible for the PG biosynthesis are only recently cloned and functionally characterized in the model plant species including Arabidopsis thaliana and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and cyanobacteria such as Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. The characterization of those enzymes helps understand not only the metabolic flow for PG production but also the crosstalk of biosynthesis pathways between PG and other lipids. This review aims to summarize recent advances in the understanding of the PG biosynthesis pathway and functions of involved enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Kobayashi
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Japan.
| | - Haruhiko Jimbo
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakamura
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan; Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Wada
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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4
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Fu ZW, Feng YR, Gao X, Ding F, Li JH, Yuan TT, Lu YT. Salt stress-induced chloroplastic hydrogen peroxide stimulates pdTPI sulfenylation and methylglyoxal accumulation. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:1593-1616. [PMID: 36695476 PMCID: PMC10118271 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
High salinity, an adverse environmental factor affecting about 20% of irrigated arable land worldwide, inhibits plant growth and development by causing oxidative stress, damaging cellular components, and disturbing global metabolism. However, whether and how reactive oxygen species disturb the metabolism of salt-stressed plants remain elusive. Here, we report that salt-induced hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) inhibits the activity of plastid triose phosphate isomerase (pdTPI) to promote methylglyoxal (MG) accumulation and stimulates the sulfenylation of pdTPI at cysteine 74. We also show that MG is a key factor limiting the plant growth, as a decrease in MG levels completely rescued the stunted growth and repressed salt stress tolerance of the pdtpi mutant. Furthermore, targeting CATALASE 2 into chloroplasts to prevent salt-induced overaccumulation of H2O2 conferred salt stress tolerance, revealing a role for chloroplastic H2O2 in salt-caused plant damage. In addition, we demonstrate that the H2O2-mediated accumulation of MG in turn induces H2O2 production, thus forming a regulatory loop that further inhibits the pdTPI activity in salt-stressed plants. Our findings, therefore, illustrate how salt stress induces MG production to inhibit the plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Wei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yu-Rui Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Feng Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jian-Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ting-Ting Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ying-Tang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Cheng B, Zhou M, Tang T, Hassan MJ, Zhou J, Tan M, Li Z, Peng Y. A Trifolium repens flavodoxin-like quinone reductase 1 (TrFQR1) improves plant adaptability to high temperature associated with oxidative homeostasis and lipids remodeling. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37009644 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Maintenance of stable mitochondrial respiratory chains could enhance adaptability to high temperature, but the potential mechanism was not elucidated clearly in plants. In this study, we identified and isolated a TrFQR1 gene encoding the flavodoxin-like quinone reductase 1 (TrFQR1) located in mitochondria of leguminous white clover (Trifolium repens). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that amino acid sequences of FQR1 in various plant species showed a high degree of similarities. Ectopic expression of TrFQR1 protected yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) from heat damage and toxic levels of benzoquinone, phenanthraquinone and hydroquinone. Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana and white clover overexpressing TrFQR1 exhibited significantly lower oxidative damage and better photosynthetic capacity and growth than wild-type in response to high-temperature stress, whereas AtFQR1-RNAi A. thaliana showed more severe oxidative damage and growth retardation under heat stress. TrFQR1-transgenic white clover also maintained better respiratory electron transport chain than wild-type plants, as manifested by significantly higher mitochondrial complex II and III activities, alternative oxidase activity, NAD(P)H content, and coenzyme Q10 content in response to heat stress. In addition, overexpression of TrFQR1 enhanced the accumulation of lipids including phosphatidylglycerol, monogalactosyl diacylglycerol, sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol and cardiolipin as important compositions of bilayers involved in dynamic membrane assembly in mitochondria or chloroplasts positively associated with heat tolerance. TrFQR1-transgenic white clover also exhibited higher lipids saturation level and phosphatidylcholine:phosphatidylethanolamine ratio, which could be beneficial to membrane stability and integrity during a prolonged period of heat stress. The current study proves that TrFQR1 is essential for heat tolerance associated with mitochondrial respiratory chain, cellular reactive oxygen species homeostasis, and lipids remodeling in plants. TrFQR1 could be selected as a key candidate marker gene to screen heat-tolerant genotypes or develop heat-tolerant crops via molecular-based breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bizhen Cheng
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Min Zhou
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Tao Tang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Muhammad Jawad Hassan
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jianzhen Zhou
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Meng Tan
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhou Li
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yan Peng
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
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Zhang Q, Boundjou NB, Jia L, Wang X, Zhou L, Peisker H, Li Q, Guo L, Dörmann P, Lyu D, Zhou Y. Cytidine diphosphate diacylglycerol synthase is essential for mitochondrial structure and energy production in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 114:338-354. [PMID: 36789486 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Cytidine diphosphate diacylglycerol (CDP-DAG), an important intermediate for glycerolipid biosynthesis, is synthesized under the catalytic activity of CDP-DAG synthase (CDS) to produce anionic phosphoglycerolipids such as phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and cardiolipin (CL). Previous studies showed that Arabidopsis CDSs are encoded by a small gene family, termed CDS1-CDS5, the members of which are integral membrane proteins in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and in plastids. However, the details on how CDP-DAG is provided for mitochondrial membrane-specific phosphoglycerolipids are missing. Here we present the identification of a mitochondrion-specific CDS, designated CDS6. Enzymatic activity of CDS6 was demonstrated by the complementation of CL synthesis in the yeast CDS-deficient tam41Δ mutant. The Arabidopsis cds6 mutant lacking CDS6 activity showed decreased mitochondrial PG and CL biosynthesis capacity, a severe growth deficiency finally leading to plant death. These defects were rescued partly by complementation with CDS6 or supplementation with PG and CL. The ultrastructure of mitochondria in cds6 was abnormal, missing the structures of cristae. The degradation of triacylglycerol (TAG) in lipid droplets and starch in chloroplasts in the cds6 mutant was impaired. The expression of most differentially expressed genes involved in the mitochondrial electron transport chain was upregulated, suggesting an energy-demanding stage in cds6. Furthermore, the contents of polar glycerolipids in cds6 were dramatically altered. In addition, cds6 seedlings lost the capacity for cell proliferation and showed a higher oxidase activity. Thus, CDS6 is indispensable for the biosynthesis of PG and CL in mitochondria, which is critical for establishing mitochondrial structure, TAG degradation, energy production and seedling development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyue Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | | | - Lijun Jia
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xinliang Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Helga Peisker
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53115, Germany
| | - Qing Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Liang Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Peter Dörmann
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53115, Germany
| | - Dianqiu Lyu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yonghong Zhou
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops, Chongqing, 400715, China
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7
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Wang J, Xu G, Ning Y, Wang X, Wang GL. Mitochondrial functions in plant immunity. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 27:1063-1076. [PMID: 35659746 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are energy factories of cells and are important for intracellular interactions with other organelles. Emerging evidence indicates that mitochondria play essential roles in the response to pathogen infection. During infection, pathogens deliver numerous enzymes and effectors into host cells, and some of these effectors target mitochondria, altering mitochondrial morphology, metabolism, and functions. To defend against pathogen attack, mitochondria are actively involved in changing intracellular metabolism, hormone-mediated signaling, and signal transduction, producing reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species and triggering programmed cell death. Additionally, mitochondria coordinate with other organelles to integrate and amplify diverse immune signals. In this review, we summarize recent advances in understanding how mitochondria function in plant immunity and how pathogens target mitochondria for host defense suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyang Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guojuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China
| | - Yuese Ning
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuli Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Guo-Liang Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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8
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Warnsmann V, Marschall LM, Meeßen AC, Wolters M, Schürmanns L, Basoglu M, Eimer S, Osiewacz HD. Disruption of the MICOS complex leads to an aberrant cristae structure and an unexpected, pronounced lifespan extension in Podospora anserina. J Cell Biochem 2022; 123:1306-1326. [PMID: 35616269 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic eukaryotic organelles involved in a variety of essential cellular processes including the generation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and reactive oxygen species as well as in the control of apoptosis and autophagy. Impairments of mitochondrial functions lead to aging and disease. Previous work with the ascomycete Podospora anserina demonstrated that mitochondrial morphotype as well as mitochondrial ultrastructure change during aging. The latter goes along with an age-dependent reorganization of the inner mitochondrial membrane leading to a change from lamellar cristae to vesicular structures. Particularly from studies with yeast, it is known that besides the F1 Fo -ATP-synthase and the phospholipid cardiolipin also the "mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system" (MICOS) complex, existing of the Mic60- and Mic10-subcomplex, is essential for proper cristae formation. In the present study, we aimed to understand the mechanistic basis of age-related changes in the mitochondrial ultrastructure. We observed that MICOS subunits are coregulated at the posttranscriptional level. This regulation partially depends on the mitochondrial iAAA-protease PaIAP. Most surprisingly, we made the counterintuitive observation that, despite the loss of lamellar cristae and of mitochondrial impairments, the ablation of MICOS subunits (except for PaMIC12) leads to a pronounced lifespan extension. Moreover, simultaneous ablation of subunits of both MICOS subcomplexes synergistically increases lifespan, providing formal genetic evidence that both subcomplexes affect lifespan by different and at least partially independent pathways. At the molecular level, we found that ablation of Mic10-subcomplex components leads to a mitohormesis-induced lifespan extension, while lifespan extension of Mic60-subcomplex mutants seems to be controlled by pathways involved in the control of phospholipid homeostasis. Overall, our data demonstrate that both MICOS subcomplexes have different functions and play distinct roles in the aging process of P. anserina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Warnsmann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lisa-Marie Marschall
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Anja C Meeßen
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Maike Wolters
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lea Schürmanns
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Marion Basoglu
- Institute for Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Biosciences, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stefan Eimer
- Institute for Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Biosciences, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Heinz D Osiewacz
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
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9
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Tsukimoto R, Isono K, Kajino T, Iuchi S, Shinozawa A, Yotsui I, Sakata Y, Taji T. Mitochondrial Fission Complex Is Required for Long-Term Heat Tolerance of Arabidopsis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 63:296-304. [PMID: 34865144 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants are often exposed not only to short-term (S) heat stress but also to long-term (L) heat stress over several consecutive days. A few Arabidopsis mutants defective in L-heat tolerance have been identified, but the molecular mechanisms involved are less well understood than those involved in S-heat tolerance. To elucidate the mechanisms, we isolated the new sensitive to long-term heat5 (sloh5) mutant from EMS-mutagenized seeds of L-heat-tolerant Col-0. The sloh5 mutant was hypersensitive to L-heat but not to S-heat, osmo-shock, salt-shock or oxidative stress. The causal gene, SLOH5, is identical to elongatedmitochondria1 (ELM1), which plays an important role in mitochondrial fission in conjunction with dynamin-related proteins DRP3A and DRP3B. Transcript levels of ELM1, DRP3A and DRP3B were time-dependently increased by L-heat stress, and drp3a drp3b double mutants were hypersensitive to L-heat stress. The sloh5 mutant contained massively elongated mitochondria. L-heat stress caused mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death in sloh5. Furthermore, WT plants treated with a mitochondrial myosin ATPase inhibitor were hypersensitive to L-heat stress. These findings suggest that mitochondrial fission and function are important in L-heat tolerance of Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Tsukimoto
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagayaku, Tokyo, 156-8502 Japan
| | - Kazuho Isono
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagayaku, Tokyo, 156-8502 Japan
| | - Takuma Kajino
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagayaku, Tokyo, 156-8502 Japan
| | - Satoshi Iuchi
- Experimental Plant Division, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0074 Japan
| | - Akihisa Shinozawa
- Nodai Genome Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagayaku, Tokyo, 156-8502 Japan
| | - Izumi Yotsui
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagayaku, Tokyo, 156-8502 Japan
| | - Yoichi Sakata
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagayaku, Tokyo, 156-8502 Japan
| | - Teruaki Taji
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagayaku, Tokyo, 156-8502 Japan
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10
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Scafaro AP, Fan Y, Posch BC, Garcia A, Coast O, Atkin OK. Responses of leaf respiration to heatwaves. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:2090-2101. [PMID: 33534189 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial respiration (R) is central to plant physiology and responds dynamically to daily short-term temperature changes. In the longer-term, changes in energy demand and membrane fluidity can decrease leaf R at a common temperature and increase the temperature at which leaf R peaks (Tmax ). However, leaf R functionality is more susceptible to short-term heatwaves. Catalysis increases with rising leaf temperature, driving faster metabolism and leaf R demand, despite declines in photosynthesis restricting assimilate supply and growth. Proteins denature as temperatures increase further, adding to maintenance costs. Excessive heat also inactivates respiratory enzymes, with a concomitant limitation on the capacity of the R system. These competing push-and-pull factors are responsible for the diminishing acceleration in leaf R rate as temperature rises. Under extreme heat, membranes become overly fluid, and enzymes such as the cytochrome c oxidase are impaired. Such changes can lead to over-reduction of the energy system culminating in reactive oxygen species production. This ultimately leads to the total breakdown of leaf R, setting the limit of leaf survival. Understanding the heat stress responses of leaf R is imperative, given the continued rise in frequency and intensity of heatwaves and the importance of R for plant fitness and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Scafaro
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Yuzhen Fan
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Bradley C Posch
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Andres Garcia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Onoriode Coast
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Natural Resources Institute, Agriculture, Health and Environment Department, University of Greenwich, Kent, UK
| | - Owen K Atkin
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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11
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Leterme S, Michaud M, Jouhet J. Isolation of Mitochondria for Lipid Analysis. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2295:337-349. [PMID: 34047985 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1362-7_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Diverse classes of lipids are found in cell membranes, the major ones being glycerolipids, sphingolipids, and sterols. In eukaryotic cells, each organelle has a specific lipid composition, which defines its identity and regulates its biogenesis and function. For example, glycerolipids are present in all membranes, whereas sphingolipids and sterols are mostly enriched in the plasma membrane. In addition to phosphoglycerolipids, plants also contain galactoglycerolipids, a family of glycerolipids present mainly in chloroplasts and playing an important role in photosynthesis. During phosphate starvation, galactoglycerolipids are also found in large amounts in other organelles, illustrating the dynamic nature of membrane lipid composition. Thus, it is important to determine the lipid composition of each organelle, as analyses performed on total cells do not represent the specific changes occurring at the organelle level. This task requires the optimization of standard protocols to isolate organelles with high yield and low contamination by other cellular fractions. In this chapter, we describe a protocol to isolate mitochondria from Arabidopsis thaliana cell cultures to perform lipidomic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Leterme
- CNRS, CEA, INRAE, IRIG, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire & Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Morgane Michaud
- CNRS, CEA, INRAE, IRIG, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire & Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Juliette Jouhet
- CNRS, CEA, INRAE, IRIG, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire & Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.
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12
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Rose RJ. Contribution of Massive Mitochondrial Fusion and Subsequent Fission in the Plant Life Cycle to the Integrity of the Mitochondrion and Its Genome. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5429. [PMID: 34063907 PMCID: PMC8196625 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant mitochondria have large genomes to house a small number of key genes. Most mitochondria do not contain a whole genome. Despite these latter characteristics, the mitochondrial genome is faithfully maternally inherited. To maintain the mitochondrial genes-so important for energy production-the fusion and fission of mitochondria are critical. Fission in plants is better understood than fusion, with the dynamin-related proteins (DRP 3A and 3B) driving the constriction of the mitochondrion. How the endoplasmic reticulum and the cytoskeleton are linked to the fission process is not yet fully understood. The fusion mechanism is less well understood, as obvious orthologues are not present. However, there is a recently described gene, MIRO2, that appears to have a significant role, as does the ER and cytoskeleton. Massive mitochondrial fusion (MMF or hyperfusion) plays a significant role in plants. MMF occurs at critical times of the life cycle, prior to flowering, in the enlarging zygote and at germination, mixing the cells' mitochondrial population-the so-called "discontinuous whole". MMF in particular aids genome repair, the conservation of critical genes and possibly gives an energy boost to important stages of the life cycle. MMF is also important in plant regeneration, an important component of plant biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ray J Rose
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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13
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Ren K, Feng L, Sun S, Zhuang X. Plant Mitophagy in Comparison to Mammals: What Is Still Missing? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1236. [PMID: 33513816 PMCID: PMC7865480 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial homeostasis refers to the balance of mitochondrial number and quality in a cell. It is maintained by mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial fusion/fission, and the clearance of unwanted/damaged mitochondria. Mitophagy represents a selective form of autophagy by sequestration of the potentially harmful mitochondrial materials into a double-membrane autophagosome, thus preventing the release of death inducers, which can trigger programmed cell death (PCD). Recent advances have also unveiled a close interconnection between mitophagy and mitochondrial dynamics, as well as PCD in both mammalian and plant cells. In this review, we will summarize and discuss recent findings on the interplay between mitophagy and mitochondrial dynamics, with a focus on the molecular evidence for mitophagy crosstalk with mitochondrial dynamics and PCD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xiaohong Zhuang
- Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (K.R.); (L.F.); (S.S.)
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14
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Keilhoff G, Mbou RP, Lucas B. Differentiation of NSC-34 cells is characterized by expression of NGF receptor p75, glutaminase and NCAM L1, activation of mitochondria, and sensitivity to fatty acid intervention. Acta Histochem 2020; 122:151574. [PMID: 32622426 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2020.151574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Motor neuronal damage due to diseases, traumatic insults or de-afferentation of the spinal cord is often incurable because of poor intrinsic regenerative capacity. Hence, medical basic research has to provide a better understanding of development-/regeneration-related cellular processes as only way to develop new and successful therapeutic strategies. Here, we investigated the neuronal differentiation of the NSC-34 hybrid cell line, which is an accepted model for spinal cord motor neurons. Their differentiation was stimulated by switching from normal to differentiation medium and by supplementation with palmitic and oleic acid. To characterize neuro-differentiation of NSC-34 cells, expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha 4, NGF p75 receptor, IGF I alpha receptor, glutaminase, NCAM L1, ADAM10 and myelin basic protein as well as activation of mitochondria were analyzed. Both switch from normal to differentiation medium and fatty acid application stimulated NSC-34 differentiation. Differentiation was characterized by diminishing expression of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha 4 and enhancing expression of the NGF receptor p75, of glutaminase, of NCAM L1 and it's partially transformation from the cell surface into the cell. Fatty acid intervention stabilized the expression of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha 4, diminished the expression of the NGF receptor p75, consolidated the expression profile of NCAM L1, and intensified the expression of the relevant for NCAM L1 cleavage ADAM10. However, NCAM L1 cleavage itself was unaffected by fatty acid intervention, as was the differentiation-relevant activation of mitochondria and their transformation into neuronal filopodia.
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15
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Fukumoto J, Leung J, Cox R, Czachor A, Parthasarathy PT, Lagishetty V, Mandry M, Hosseinian N, Patel P, Perry B, Breitzig MT, Alleyn M, Failla A, Cho Y, Cooke AJ, Galam L, Soundararajan R, Sharma N, Lockey RF, Kolliputi N. Oxidative stress induces club cell proliferation and pulmonary fibrosis in Atp8b1 mutant mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:209-229. [PMID: 30636723 PMCID: PMC6339797 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Atp8b1 (ATPase, aminophospholipid transporter, class I, type 8B, member 1) is a cardiolipin transporter in the apical membrane of lung epithelial cells. While the role of Atp8b1 in pneumonia-induced acute lung injury (ALI) has been well studied, its potential role in oxidative stress-induced ALI is poorly understood. We herein show that Atp8b1G308V/G308V mice under hyperoxic conditions display exacerbated cell apoptosis at alveolar epithelium and aberrant proliferation of club cells at bronchiolar epithelium. This hyperoxia-induced ambivalent response in Atp8b1G308V/G308V lungs was followed by patchy distribution of non-uniform interstitial fibrosis at late recovery phase under normoxia. Since this club cell abnormality is commonly observed between Atp8b1G308V/G308V lungs under hyperoxic conditions and IPF lungs, we characterized this mouse fibrosis model focusing on club cells. Intriguingly, subcellular morphological analysis of IPF lungs, using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), revealed that metaplastic bronchiolar epithelial cells in fibrotic lesions and deformed type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) in alveoli with mild fibrosis, have common morphological features including cytoplasmic vacuolation and dysmorphic lamellar bodies. In conclusion, the combination of Atp8b1 mutation and hyperoxic insult serves as a novel platform to study unfocused role of club cells in IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutaro Fukumoto
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Joseph Leung
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Ruan Cox
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Alexander Czachor
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Prasanna Tamarapu Parthasarathy
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Venu Lagishetty
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Maria Mandry
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Nima Hosseinian
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Priyanshi Patel
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Brittany Perry
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Mason T Breitzig
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Matthew Alleyn
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Athena Failla
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Young Cho
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Andrew J Cooke
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Lakshmi Galam
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Ramani Soundararajan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Nirmal Sharma
- Advanced Lung Diseases & Lung Transplantation, Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Richard F Lockey
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Narasaiah Kolliputi
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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16
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Poór P. Effects of Salicylic Acid on the Metabolism of Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species in Plants. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E341. [PMID: 32098073 PMCID: PMC7072379 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Different abiotic and biotic stresses lead to the production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in various cell organelles such as in mitochondria, resulting in oxidative stress, inducing defense responses or programmed cell death (PCD) in plants. In response to oxidative stress, cells activate various cytoprotective responses, enhancing the antioxidant system, increasing the activity of alternative oxidase and degrading the oxidized proteins. Oxidative stress responses are orchestrated by several phytohormones such as salicylic acid (SA). The biomolecule SA is a key regulator in mitochondria-mediated defense signaling and PCD, but the mode of its action is not known in full detail. In this review, the current knowledge on the multifaceted role of SA in mitochondrial ROS metabolism is summarized to gain a better understanding of SA-regulated processes at the subcellular level in plant defense responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Poór
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
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17
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Yu D, Boughton BA, Hill CB, Feussner I, Roessner U, Rupasinghe TWT. Insights Into Oxidized Lipid Modification in Barley Roots as an Adaptation Mechanism to Salinity Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1. [PMID: 32117356 PMCID: PMC7011103 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Lipidomics is an emerging technology, which aims at the global characterization and quantification of lipids within biological matrices including biofluids, cells, whole organs and tissues. The changes in individual lipid molecular species in stress treated plant species and different cultivars can indicate the functions of genes affecting lipid metabolism or lipid signaling. Mass spectrometry-based lipid profiling has been used to track the changes of lipid levels and related metabolites in response to salinity stress. We have developed a comprehensive lipidomics platform for the identification and direct qualification and/or quantification of individual lipid species, including oxidized lipids, which enables a more systematic investigation of peroxidation of individual lipid species in barley roots under salinity stress. This new lipidomics approach has improved with an advantage of analyzing the composition of acyl chains at the molecular level, which facilitates to profile precisely the 18:3-containing diacyl-glycerophosphates and allowed individual comparison of lipids across varieties. Our findings revealed a general decrease in most of the galactolipids in plastid membranes, and an increase of glycerophospholipids and acylated steryl glycosides, which indicate that plastidial and extraplastidial membranes in barley roots ubiquitously tend to form a hexagonal II (HII) phase under salinity stress. In addition, salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive cultivars showed contrasting changes in the levels of oxidized membrane lipids. These results support the hypothesis that salt-induced oxidative damage to membrane lipids can be used as an indication of salt stress tolerance in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingyi Yu
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Berin A. Boughton
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Camilla B. Hill
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Biochemistry, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, Department of Plant Biochemistry, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Ute Roessner
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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18
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Sarabia LD, Boughton BA, Rupasinghe T, Callahan DL, Hill CB, Roessner U. Comparative spatial lipidomics analysis reveals cellular lipid remodelling in different developmental zones of barley roots in response to salinity. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:327-343. [PMID: 31714612 PMCID: PMC7063987 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Salinity-induced metabolic, ionic, and transcript modifications in plants have routinely been studied using whole plant tissues, which do not provide information on spatial tissue responses. The aim of this study was to assess the changes in the lipid profiles in a spatial manner and to quantify the changes in the elemental composition in roots of seedlings of four barley cultivars before and after a short-term salt stress. We used a combination of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging, and reverse transcription - quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction platforms to examine the molecular signatures of lipids, ions, and transcripts in three anatomically different seminal root tissues before and after salt stress. We found significant changes to the levels of major lipid classes including a decrease in the levels of lysoglycerophospholipids, ceramides, and hexosylceramides and an increase in the levels of glycerophospholipids, hydroxylated ceramides, and hexosylceramides. Our results revealed that modifications to lipid and transcript profiles in plant roots in response to a short-term salt stress may involve recycling of major lipid species, such as phosphatidylcholine, via resynthesis from glycerophosphocholine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenin D. Sarabia
- School of BioSciences and Metabolomics AustraliaUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVIC3010Australia
| | | | | | - Damien L. Callahan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, (Burwood Campus)Deakin University, Geelong, Australia221 Burwood HighwayBurwoodVIC3125Australia
| | - Camilla B. Hill
- School of Veterinary and Life SciencesMurdoch UniversityMurdochWA6150Australia
| | - Ute Roessner
- School of BioSciences and Metabolomics AustraliaUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVIC3010Australia
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19
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Bai Y, Jing G, Zhou J, Li S, Bi R, Zhao J, Jia Q, Zhang Q, Zhang W. Overexpression of soybean GmPLDγ enhances seed oil content and modulates fatty acid composition in transgenic Arabidopsis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 290:110298. [PMID: 31779909 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipase D (PLD) hydrolyzes the phosphodiester bond of glycerophospholipids to yield phosphatidic acid (PA) and a free headgroup. PLDs are important for plant growth, development, and responses to external stresses. However, their roles in triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis are still unclear. Here, we report that a soybean (Glycine max) PLDγ (GmPLDγ) is involved in glycerolipid turnover and seed oil production. GmPLDγ was targeted to mitochondria and exhibited PLD activity that was activated by oleate and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P2]. Overexpression of GmPLDγ (abbreviated GmPLDγ-OE) in Arabidopsis thaliana resulted in enhanced seed weight, elevated levels of TAGs with 18-, 20-, and 22-carbon fatty acids (FAs), and altered oil-body morphology. Furthermore, the levels of membrane lipids in vegetative tissues decreased significantly, whereas no overt changes were found in mature seeds except for a decrease in the digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) level in the GmPLDγ-OE lines. Additionally, the expression of genes involved in glycerolipid metabolism was significantly upregulated in developing siliques in GmPLDγ-OE lines. Together, our data indicate a regulatory role for GmPLDγ in TAG synthesis and fatty-acid remodeling, highlighting the importance of mitochondria-directed glycerophospholipid homeostasis in seed oil accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Bai
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Guangqin Jing
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Jing Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Shuxiang Li
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Rongrong Bi
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Jiangzhe Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Qianru Jia
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Qun Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
| | - Wenhua Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
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20
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Gronnier J, Legrand A, Loquet A, Habenstein B, Germain V, Mongrand S. Mechanisms governing subcompartmentalization of biological membranes. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 52:114-123. [PMID: 31546133 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Membranes show a tremendous variety of lipids and proteins operating biochemistry, transport and signalling. The dynamics and the organization of membrane constituents are regulated in space and time to execute precise functions. Our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that shape and govern membrane subcompartmentalization and inter-organelle contact sites still remains limited. Here, we review some reported mechanisms implicated in regulating plant membrane domains including those of plasma membrane, plastids, mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. Finally, we discuss several state-of-the-art methods that allow nowadays researchers to decipher the architecture of these structures at the molecular and atomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Gronnier
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anthony Legrand
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), UMR 5200, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France; Institute of Chemistry & Biology of Membranes & Nanoobjects (UMR5248 CBMN), IECB, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux, All, Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Pessac, France
| | - Antoine Loquet
- Institute of Chemistry & Biology of Membranes & Nanoobjects (UMR5248 CBMN), IECB, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux, All, Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Pessac, France
| | - Birgit Habenstein
- Institute of Chemistry & Biology of Membranes & Nanoobjects (UMR5248 CBMN), IECB, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux, All, Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Pessac, France
| | - Véronique Germain
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), UMR 5200, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Sébastien Mongrand
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), UMR 5200, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France.
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21
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Posch BC, Kariyawasam BC, Bramley H, Coast O, Richards RA, Reynolds MP, Trethowan R, Atkin OK. Exploring high temperature responses of photosynthesis and respiration to improve heat tolerance in wheat. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:5051-5069. [PMID: 31145793 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
High temperatures account for major wheat yield losses annually and, as the climate continues to warm, these losses will probably increase. Both photosynthesis and respiration are the main determinants of carbon balance and growth in wheat, and both are sensitive to high temperature. Wheat is able to acclimate photosynthesis and respiration to high temperature, and thus reduce the negative affects on growth. The capacity to adjust these processes to better suit warmer conditions stands as a potential avenue toward reducing heat-induced yield losses in the future. However, much remains to be learnt about such phenomena. Here, we review what is known of high temperature tolerance in wheat, focusing predominantly on the high temperature responses of photosynthesis and respiration. We also identify the many unknowns that surround this area, particularly with respect to the high temperature response of wheat respiration and the consequences of this for growth and yield. It is concluded that further investigation into the response of photosynthesis and respiration to high temperature could present several methods of improving wheat high temperature tolerance. Extending our knowledge in this area could also lead to more immediate benefits, such as the enhancement of current crop models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley C Posch
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Buddhima C Kariyawasam
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Helen Bramley
- Plant Breeding Institute, Sydney Institute of Agriculture & School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Narrabri, NSW, Australia
| | - Onoriode Coast
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | - Matthew P Reynolds
- Global Wheat Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Richard Trethowan
- Plant Breeding Institute, Sydney Institute of Agriculture & School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Narrabri, NSW, Australia
| | - Owen K Atkin
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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22
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Li L, Lavell A, Meng X, Berkowitz O, Selinski J, van de Meene A, Carrie C, Benning C, Whelan J, De Clercq I, Wang Y. Arabidopsis DGD1 SUPPRESSOR1 Is a Subunit of the Mitochondrial Contact Site and Cristae Organizing System and Affects Mitochondrial Biogenesis. THE PLANT CELL 2019; 31:1856-1878. [PMID: 31118221 PMCID: PMC6713299 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.18.00885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial and plastid biogenesis requires the biosynthesis and assembly of proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the mitochondrial outer membrane protein DGD1 SUPPRESSOR1 (DGS1) is part of a large multi-subunit protein complex that contains the mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system 60-kD subunit, the translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 40-kD subunit (TOM40), the TOM20s, and the Rieske FeS protein. A point mutation in DGS1, dgs1-1, altered the stability and protease accessibility of this complex. This altered mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial size, lipid content and composition, protein import, and respiratory capacity. Whole plant physiology was affected in the dgs1-1 mutant as evidenced by tolerance to imposed drought stress and altered transcriptional responses of markers of mitochondrial retrograde signaling. Putative orthologs of Arabidopsis DGS1 are conserved in eukaryotes, including the Nuclear Control of ATP Synthase2 (NCA2) protein in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), but lost in Metazoa. The genes encoding DGS1 and NCA2 are part of a similar coexpression network including genes encoding proteins involved in mitochondrial fission, morphology, and lipid homeostasis. Thus, DGS1 links mitochondrial protein and lipid import with cellular lipid homeostasis and whole plant stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Li
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, School of Life Science, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, La Trobe University, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, 3086, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anastasiya Lavell
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Xiangxiang Meng
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, School of Life Science, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, La Trobe University, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, 3086, Victoria, Australia
| | - Oliver Berkowitz
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, School of Life Science, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, La Trobe University, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, 3086, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennifer Selinski
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, School of Life Science, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, La Trobe University, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, 3086, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Chris Carrie
- Department Biologie I - Botanik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhadernerstrasse 2-4, Planegg-Martinsried, 82152, Germany
| | - Christoph Benning
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - James Whelan
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, School of Life Science, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, La Trobe University, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, 3086, Victoria, Australia
| | - Inge De Clercq
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, School of Life Science, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, La Trobe University, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, 3086, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, School of Life Science, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, La Trobe University, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, 3086, Victoria, Australia
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Strašková A, Steinbach G, Konert G, Kotabová E, Komenda J, Tichý M, Kaňa R. Pigment-protein complexes are organized into stable microdomains in cyanobacterial thylakoids. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2019; 1860:148053. [PMID: 31344362 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Thylakoids are the place of the light-photosynthetic reactions. To gain maximal efficiency, these reactions are conditional to proper pigment-pigment and protein-protein interactions. In higher plants thylakoids, the interactions lead to a lateral asymmetry in localization of protein complexes (i.e. granal/stromal thylakoids) that have been defined as a domain-like structures characteristic by different biochemical composition and function (Albertsson P-Å. 2001,Trends Plant Science 6: 349-354). We explored this complex organization of thylakoid pigment-proteins at single cell level in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Our 3D confocal images captured heterogeneous distribution of all main photosynthetic pigment-protein complexes (PPCs), Photosystem I (fluorescently tagged by YFP), Photosystem II and Phycobilisomes. The acquired images depicted cyanobacterial thylakoid membrane as a stable, mosaic-like structure formed by microdomains (MDs). These microcompartments are of sub-micrometer in sizes (~0.5-1.5 μm), typical by particular PPCs ratios and importantly without full segregation of observed complexes. The most prevailing MD is represented by MD with high Photosystem I content which allows also partial separation of Photosystems like in higher plants thylakoids. We assume that MDs stability (in minutes) provides optimal conditions for efficient excitation/electron transfer. The cyanobacterial MDs thus define thylakoid membrane organization as a system controlled by co-localization of three main PPCs leading to formation of thylakoid membrane mosaic. This organization might represent evolutional and functional precursor for the granal/stromal spatial heterogeneity in photosystems that is typical for higher plant thylakoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Strašková
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Novohradská 237, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - G Steinbach
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Novohradská 237, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - G Konert
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Novohradská 237, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - E Kotabová
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Novohradská 237, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - J Komenda
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Novohradská 237, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - M Tichý
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Novohradská 237, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - R Kaňa
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Novohradská 237, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic.
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24
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Sinha S, Manoj N. Molecular evolution of proteins mediating mitochondrial fission-fusion dynamics. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:703-718. [PMID: 30861107 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotes employ a subset of dynamins to mediate mitochondrial fusion and fission dynamics. Here we report the molecular evolution and diversification of the dynamin-related mitochondrial proteins that drive the fission (Drp1) and the fusion processes (mitofusin and OPA1). We demonstrate that the three paralogs emerged concurrently in an early mitochondriate eukaryotic ancestor. Furthermore, multiple independent duplication events from an ancestral bifunctional fission protein gave rise to specialized fission proteins. The evolutionary history of these proteins is marked by transformations that include independent gain and loss events occurring at the levels of entire genes, specific functional domains, and intronic regions. The domain level variations primarily comprise loss-gain of lineage specific domains that are present in the terminal regions of the sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sansrity Sinha
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Narayanan Manoj
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
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25
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Abstract
The propagation of most flowering plant species is determined by the success of seed germination, which is of both economic and ecologic importance. Mitochondria are the energy resource and crucial organelles for plant seed germination. Studying the underlying mechanism is important for us to understand the basic principles of plant development and improve crop yields. Here we identify HSP24.7 as a central activator for temperature-dependent seed germination. HSP24.7 modulates cytochrome C/C1 production in the mitochondrial electron transport chain and induces the generation of reactive oxygen species, which accelerates seed germination. Our work provides a comprehensive framework of how mitochondria regulate seed germination in response to the dynamics of environmental temperature. Seed germination is an energy demanding process that requires functional mitochondria upon imbibition. However, how mitochondria fine tune seed germination, especially in response to the dynamics of environmental temperature, remains largely unknown at the molecular level. Here, we report a mitochondrial matrix-localized heat shock protein GhHSP24.7, that regulates seed germination in a temperature-dependent manner. Suppression of GhHSP24.7 renders the seed insensitive to temperature changes and delays germination. We show that GhHSP24.7 competes with GhCCMH to bind to the maturation subunit protein GhCcmFc to form cytochrome C/C1 (CytC/C1) in the mitochondrial electron transport chain. GhHSP24.7 modulates CytC/C1 production to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which consequently accelerates endosperm rupture and promotes seed germination. Overexpression of GhHSP24.7’s homologous genes can accelerate seed germination in Arabidopsis and tomato, indicating its conserved function across plant species. Therefore, HSP24.7 is a critical factor that positively controls seed germination via temperature-dependent ROS generation.
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26
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Pan R, Satkovich J, Chen C, Hu J. The E3 ubiquitin ligase SP1-like 1 plays a positive role in peroxisome biogenesis in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 94:836-846. [PMID: 29570879 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisomes are dynamic organelles crucial for a variety of metabolic processes during the development of eukaryotic organisms, and are functionally linked to other subcellular organelles, such as mitochondria and chloroplasts. Peroxisomal matrix proteins are imported by peroxins (PEX proteins), yet the modulation of peroxin functions is poorly understood. We previously reported that, besides its known function in chloroplast protein import, the Arabidopsis E3 ubiquitin ligase SP1 (suppressor of ppi1 locus1) also targets to peroxisomes and mitochondria, and promotes the destabilization of the peroxisomal receptor-cargo docking complex components PEX13 and PEX14. Here we present evidence that in Arabidopsis, SP1's closest homolog SP1-like 1 (SPL1) plays an opposite role to SP1 in peroxisomes. In contrast to sp1, loss-of-function of SPL1 led to reduced peroxisomal β-oxidation activity, and enhanced the physiological and growth defects of pex14 and pex13 mutants. Transient co-expression of SPL1 and SP1 promoted each other's destabilization. SPL1 reduced the ability of SP1 to induce PEX13 turnover, and it is the N-terminus of SP1 and SPL1 that determines whether the protein is able to promote PEX13 turnover. Finally, SPL1 showed prevalent targeting to mitochondria, but rather weak and partial localization to peroxisomes. Our data suggest that these two members of the same E3 protein family utilize distinct mechanisms to modulate peroxisome biogenesis, where SPL1 reduces the function of SP1. Plants and possibly other higher eukaryotes may employ this small family of E3 enzymes to differentially modulate the dynamics of several organelles essential to energy metabolism via the ubiquitin-proteasome system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghui Pan
- MSU-Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - John Satkovich
- MSU-Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Cheng Chen
- Plant Biology Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Jianping Hu
- MSU-Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Plant Biology Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
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27
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Nakamura Y. Membrane Lipid Oscillation: An Emerging System of Molecular Dynamics in the Plant Membrane. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:441-447. [PMID: 29415166 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Biological rhythm represents a major biological process of living organisms. However, rhythmic oscillation of membrane lipid content is poorly described in plants. The development of lipidomic technology has led to the illustration of precise molecular profiles of membrane lipids under various growth conditions. Compared with conventional lipid signaling, which produces unpredictable lipid changes in response to ever-changing environmental conditions, lipid oscillation generates a fairly predictable lipid profile, adding a new layer of biological function to the membrane system and possible cross-talk with the other chronobiological processes. This mini review covers recent studies elucidating membrane lipid oscillation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Nakamura
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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28
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Laibach N, Schmidl S, Müller B, Bergmann M, Prüfer D, Schulze Gronover C. Small rubber particle proteins from Taraxacum brevicorniculatum promote stress tolerance and influence the size and distribution of lipid droplets and artificial poly(cis-1,4-isoprene) bodies. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 93:1045-1061. [PMID: 29377321 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Natural rubber biosynthesis occurs on rubber particles, i.e. organelles resembling small lipid droplets localized in the laticifers of latex-containing plant species, such as Hevea brasiliensis and Taraxacum brevicorniculatum. The latter expresses five small rubber particle protein (SRPP) isoforms named TbSRPP1-5, the most abundant proteins in rubber particles. These proteins maintain particle stability and are therefore necessary for rubber biosynthesis. TbSRPP1-5 were transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana protoplasts and the proteins were found to be localized on lipid droplets and in the endoplasmic reticulum, with TbSRPP1 and TbSRPP3 also present in the cytosol. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation confirmed pairwise interactions between all proteins except TbSRPP2. The corresponding genes showed diverse expression profiles in young T. brevicorniculatum plants exposed to abiotic stress, and all except TbSRPP4 and TbSRPP5 were upregulated. Young Arabidopsis thaliana plants that overexpressed TbSRPP2 and TbSRPP3 tolerated drought stress better than wild-type plants. Furthermore, we used rubber particle extracts and standards to investigate the affinity of the TbSRPPs for different phospholipids, revealing a preference for negatively charged head groups and 18:2/16:0 fatty acid chains. This finding may explain the effect of TbSRPP3-5 on the dispersity of artificial poly(cis-1,4-isoprene) bodies and on the lipid droplet distribution we observed in N. benthamiana leaves. Our data provide insight into the assembly of TbSRPPs on rubber particles, their role in rubber particle structure, and the link between rubber biosynthesis and lipid droplet-associated stress responses, suggesting that SRPPs form the basis of evolutionarily conserved intracellular complexes in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Laibach
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Schlossplatz 8, 48143, Münster, Germany
| | - Sina Schmidl
- University of Muenster, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Schlossplatz 8, 48143, Münster, Germany
| | - Boje Müller
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Schlossplatz 8, 48143, Münster, Germany
| | - Maike Bergmann
- University of Muenster, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Schlossplatz 8, 48143, Münster, Germany
| | - Dirk Prüfer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Schlossplatz 8, 48143, Münster, Germany
- University of Muenster, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Schlossplatz 8, 48143, Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Schulze Gronover
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Schlossplatz 8, 48143, Münster, Germany
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29
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Lin YC, Kobayashi K, Wada H, Nakamura Y. Phosphatidylglycerophosphate phosphatase is required for root growth in Arabidopsis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1863:563-575. [PMID: 29476828 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylglycerol (PG) is an indispensable lipid class in photosynthetic activity. However, the importance of PG biosynthesis in non-photosynthetic organs remains elusive. We previously identified phosphatidylglycerophosphate phosphatase 1 (PGPP1), which catalyzes the last step of PG biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. In the present report, we noted considerably shorter roots of the pgpp1-1 mutant compared to the wild type. We observed defective order of columella cells in the root apices, which was complemented by introducing the wild-type PGPP1 gene. Although PGPP1 is chloroplast-localized in leaf mesophyll cells, we observed mitochondrial localization of PGPP1 in root cells, suggesting possible dual targeting of PGPP1. Moreover, we identified previously uncharacterized 2 protein tyrosine phosphatase-like proteins as functional PGPPs. These proteins, designated PTPMT1 and PTPMT2, complemented growth and lipid phenotypes of Δgep4, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant of PGPP. The ptpmt1-1 ptpmt2-1 exhibited no visible phenotype; however, the pgpp1-1 ptpmt1-1 ptpmt2-1 significantly enhanced the root phenotype of pgpp1-1 without further affecting the photosynthesis, suggesting that these newly found PGPPs are involved in the root phenotype. Radiolabeling experiment of mutant roots showed that decreased PG biosynthesis is associated with the mutation of PGPP1. These results suggest that PG biosynthesis is required for the root growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chen Lin
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Academia Sinica, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Koichi Kobayashi
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Wada
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakamura
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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30
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Arimura SI. Fission and Fusion of Plant Mitochondria, and Genome Maintenance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 176:152-161. [PMID: 29138352 PMCID: PMC5761811 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic changes maintain a multipartite mitochondrial genome meets the changing needs of plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichi Arimura
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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31
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Niu Y, Xiang Y. An Overview of Biomembrane Functions in Plant Responses to High-Temperature Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:915. [PMID: 30018629 PMCID: PMC6037897 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Biological membranes are highly ordered structures consisting of mosaics of lipids and proteins. Elevated temperatures can directly and effectively change the properties of these membranes, including their fluidity and permeability, through a holistic effect that involves changes in the lipid composition and/or interactions between lipids and specific membrane proteins. Ultimately, high temperatures can alter microdomain remodeling and instantaneously relay ambient cues to downstream signaling pathways. Thus, dynamic membrane regulation not only helps cells perceive temperature changes but also participates in intracellular responses and determines a cell's fate. Moreover, due to the specific distribution of extra- and endomembrane elements, the plasma membrane (PM) and membranous organelles are individually responsible for distinct developmental events during plant adaptation to heat stress. This review describes recent studies that focused on the roles of various components that can alter the physical state of the plasma and thylakoid membranes as well as the crucial signaling pathways initiated through the membrane system, encompassing both endomembranes and membranous organelles in the context of heat stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Niu
- *Correspondence: Yue Niu, Yun Xiang,
| | - Yun Xiang
- *Correspondence: Yue Niu, Yun Xiang,
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32
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Alhajturki D, Muralidharan S, Nurmi M, Rowan BA, Lunn JE, Boldt H, Salem MA, Alseekh S, Jorzig C, Feil R, Giavalisco P, Fernie AR, Weigel D, Laitinen RAE. Dose-dependent interactions between two loci trigger altered shoot growth in BG-5 × Krotzenburg-0 (Kro-0) hybrids of Arabidopsis thaliana. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 217:392-406. [PMID: 28906562 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Hybrids occasionally exhibit genetic interactions resulting in reduced fitness in comparison to their parents. Studies of Arabidopsis thaliana have highlighted the role of immune conflicts, but less is known about the role of other factors in hybrid incompatibility in plants. Here, we present a new hybrid incompatibility phenomenon in this species. We have characterized a new case of F1 hybrid incompatibility from a cross between the A. thaliana accessions Krotzenburg-0 (Kro-0) and BG-5, by conducting transcript, metabolite and hormone analyses, and identified the causal loci through genetic mapping. The F1 hybrids showed arrested growth of the main stem, altered shoot architecture, and altered concentrations of hormones in comparison to parents. The F1 phenotype could be rescued in a developmental-stage-dependent manner by shifting to a higher growth temperature. These F1 phenotypes were linked to two loci, one on chromosome 2 and one on chromosome 3. The F2 generation segregated plants with more severe phenotypes which were linked to the same loci as those in the F1 . This study provides novel insights into how previously unknown mechanisms controlling shoot branching and stem growth can result in hybrid incompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dema Alhajturki
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Markus Nurmi
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Beth A Rowan
- Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - John E Lunn
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Helena Boldt
- Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mohamed A Salem
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Christian Jorzig
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Regina Feil
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Patrick Giavalisco
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Detlef Weigel
- Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Roosa A E Laitinen
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
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33
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Nakamura Y. Plant Phospholipid Diversity: Emerging Functions in Metabolism and Protein-Lipid Interactions. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 22:1027-1040. [PMID: 28993119 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipids are essential components of biological membranes and signal transduction cascades in plants. In recent years, plant phospholipid research was greatly advanced by the characterization of numerous mutants affected in phospholipid biosynthesis and the discovery of a number of functionally important phospholipid-binding proteins. It is now accepted that most phospholipids to some extent have regulatory functions, including those that serve as constituents of biological membranes. Phospholipids are more than an inert end product of lipid biosynthesis. This review article summarizes recent advances on phospholipid biosynthesis with a particular focus on polar head group synthesis, followed by a short overview on protein-phospholipid interactions as an emerging regulatory mechanism of phospholipid function in arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Nakamura
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taiwan 11529, Taiwan; http://ipmb.sinica.edu.tw/index.html/?q=node/972&language=en.
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34
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Schwarzländer M, Fuchs P. Plant mitochondrial membranes: adding structure and new functions to respiratory physiology. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 40:147-157. [PMID: 28992511 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The membranes of mitochondria are focal points of cellular physiology and respiratory energy transformation. Recent discoveries have started painting a refined picture of plant mitochondrial membranes as platforms in which structure and function have evolved in an interconnected and dynamically regulated manner. Hosting ancillary functions that interact with other mitochondrial properties gives mitochondria the characteristics of multitasking and integrated molecular mega machines. We review recent insights into the makeup and the plasticity of the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes, their intimate relationship with respiratory function and regulation, and their properties in mediating solute transport. Synthesizing recent research advances we hypothesize that plant mitochondrial membranes are a privileged location for incorporation of a wide range of processes, some of which collaborate with respiratory function, including plant immunity, metabolic regulation and signal transduction, to underpin flexibility in the acclimation to changing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Schwarzländer
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 144, D-53113 Bonn, Germany; Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 8, D-48143 Münster, Germany.
| | - Philippe Fuchs
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 144, D-53113 Bonn, Germany; Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 8, D-48143 Münster, Germany
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35
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Cold Treatment Induces Transient Mitochondrial Fragmentation in Arabidopsis thaliana in a Way that Requires DRP3A but not ELM1 or an ELM1-Like Homologue, ELM2. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102161. [PMID: 29039787 PMCID: PMC5666842 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The number, size and shape of polymorphic plant mitochondria are determined at least partially by mitochondrial fission. Arabidopsis mitochondria divide through the actions of a dynamin-related protein, DRP3A. Another plant-specific factor, ELM1, was previously shown to localize DRP3A to mitochondrial fission sites. Here, we report that mitochondrial fission is not completely blocked in the Arabidopsis elm1 mutant and that it is strongly manifested in response to cold treatment. Arabidopsis has an ELM1 paralogue (ELM2) that seems to have only a limited role in mitochondrial fission in the elm1 mutant. Interestingly, cold-induced mitochondrial fragmentation was also observed in the wild-type, but not in a drp3a mutant, suggesting that cold-induced transient mitochondrial fragmentation requires DRP3A but not ELM1 or ELM2. DRP3A: GFP localized from the cytosol to mitochondrial fission sites without ELM1 after cold treatment. Together, these results suggest that Arabidopsis has a novel, cold-induced type of mitochondrial fission in which DRP3A localizes to mitochondrial fission sites without the involvement of ELM1 or ELM2.
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Ben Mouhoub R, Mansouri A, Aliliche K, Beghalem H, Landoulsi A, El May A. Unraveling the expression of genes involved in the biosynthesis pathway of cardiolipin and phosphatidylethanolamine in Salmonella Hadar grown under static magnetic field 200 mT. Microb Pathog 2017; 111:414-421. [PMID: 28923603 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We aimed in this work to evaluate the effect of static magnetic field 200 mT (SMF) on the expression of genes involved in the biosynthetic pathway of cardiolipin: g3pd, plsB, cdsA, pgsA, pgpA, cls and phosphatidylethanolamine: pssA and psd in Salmonella enterica subsp enterica serovar Hadar. Bacteria were exposed to a SMF during 3, 6 and 9 h. RNA extraction was followed by Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction RT-PCR. The relative quantification of mRNA expression levels using 16S rRNA doesn't change during the time exposure. RT-PCR was done for two exposure experiments. The gene expression using RT-PCR present no significant difference in case of plsB, cdsA, pgpA, pgsA and psd genes during the different exposure times. However, a significant increase was observed in the expression of g3pd and pssA genes after 6 h and for cls gene after 3 h of exposure, but any variation was notified after 9 h of exposure. So we can conclude from this study that cls, g3pd and pssA genes are required in the adaptation of Salmonella Hadar to SMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramla Ben Mouhoub
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Code UR13ES34 Research Unit, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Zarzouna 7021, Carthage University, Tunisia.
| | - Ahlem Mansouri
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Code UR13ES34 Research Unit, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Zarzouna 7021, Carthage University, Tunisia
| | - Khadidja Aliliche
- Laboratory of Genetics, Faculty of Science of Bizerte, Zarzouna 7021, Tunisia
| | - Hamida Beghalem
- Laboratory of Genetics, Faculty of Science of Bizerte, Zarzouna 7021, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Landoulsi
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Code UR13ES34 Research Unit, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Zarzouna 7021, Carthage University, Tunisia
| | - Alya El May
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Code UR13ES34 Research Unit, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Zarzouna 7021, Carthage University, Tunisia
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Pan R, Hu J. Sequence and biochemical analysis of Arabidopsis SP1 protein, a regulator of organelle biogenesis. Commun Integr Biol 2017; 10:e1338991. [PMID: 28919939 PMCID: PMC5595426 DOI: 10.1080/19420889.2017.1338991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomes, chloroplasts, and mitochondria are essential eukaryotic organelles that host a suite of metabolic processes crucial to energy metabolism and development. Regulatory mechanisms of the dynamics and biogenesis of these important organelles have begun to be discovered in plants. We recently showed that, aside from its previously reported role in targeting chloroplast protein import proteins, the Arabidopsis ubiquitin E3 ligase SP1 (suppressor of ppi1 locus1) negatively regulates peroxisome matrix protein import by promoting the ubiquitination and destabilization of PEX13 and possibly PEX14 and other components of the peroxisome protein import apparatus. Here, we compared protein sequence and domain structure of SP1-like proteins in Arabidopsis and their human homolog, Mitochondrial-Anchored Protein Ligase (MAPL). We further characterized SP1 protein in respect to its membrane topology and ubiquitin E3 ligase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghui Pan
- MSU-Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jianping Hu
- MSU-Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.,Plant Biology Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Carranza G, Angius F, Ilioaia O, Solgadi A, Miroux B, Arechaga I. Cardiolipin plays an essential role in the formation of intracellular membranes in Escherichia coli. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1859:1124-1132. [PMID: 28284722 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria, chloroplasts and photosynthetic bacteria are characterized by the presence of complex and intricate membrane systems. In contrast, non-photosynthetic bacteria lack membrane structures within their cytoplasm. However, large scale over-production of some membrane proteins, such as the fumarate reductase, the mannitol permease MtlA, the glycerol acyl transferase PlsB, the chemotaxis receptor Tsr or the ATP synthase subunit b, can induce the proliferation of intra cellular membranes (ICMs) in the cytoplasm of Escherichia coli. These ICMs are particularly rich in cardiolipin (CL). Here, we have studied the effect of CL in the generation of these membranous structures. We have deleted the three genes (clsA, clsB and clsC) responsible of CL biosynthesis in E. coli and analysed the effect of these mutations by fluorescent and electron microscopy and by lipid mass spectrometry. We have found that CL is essential in the formation of non-lamellar structures in the cytoplasm of E. coli cells. These results could help to understand the structuration of membranes in E. coli and other membrane organelles, such as mitochondria and ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Carranza
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Universidad de Cantabria - CSIC - SODERCAN, Santander, Spain
| | - Federica Angius
- Laboratoire de Biologie Physico-Chimique des Protéines Membranaires, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, CNRS, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Oana Ilioaia
- Laboratoire de Biologie Physico-Chimique des Protéines Membranaires, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, CNRS, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Audrey Solgadi
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Paris Saclay d'Innovation Thérapeutique, INSERM, CNRS, - Plateforme SAMM - CHATENAY-MALABRY, France
| | - Bruno Miroux
- Laboratoire de Biologie Physico-Chimique des Protéines Membranaires, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, CNRS, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, PSL Research University, Paris, France.
| | - Ignacio Arechaga
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Universidad de Cantabria - CSIC - SODERCAN, Santander, Spain.
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Petereit J, Katayama K, Lorenz C, Ewert L, Schertl P, Kitsche A, Wada H, Frentzen M, Braun HP, Eubel H. Cardiolipin Supports Respiratory Enzymes in Plants in Different Ways. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:72. [PMID: 28228763 PMCID: PMC5296312 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In eukaryotes the presence of the dimeric phospholipid cardiolipin (CL) is limited to the mitochondrial membranes. It resides predominantly in the inner membrane where it interacts with components of the mitochondrial electron transfer chain. CL deficiency has previously been shown to affect abundances of the plant NADH-dehydrogenase complex and its association with dimeric cyctochrome c reductase. Using an Arabidopsis thaliana knock-out mutant for the final enzyme of CL biosynthesis we here extend current knowledge on the dependence of plant respiration on CL. By correlating respiratory enzyme abundances with enzymatic capacities in mitochondria isolated from wild type, CL deficient and CL complemented heterotrophic cell culture lines a new picture of the participation of CL in plant respiration is emerging. Data indicate a loss of a general reduction of respiratory capacity in CL deficient mitochondria which cannot solely be attributed to decreased abundances or capacities of mitochondrial electron transfer protein complexes and supercomplexes. Instead, it most likely is the result of a loss of the mobile electron carrier cytochrome c. Furthermore, enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle are found to have lower maximum activities in the mutant, including the succinate dehydrogenase complex. Interestingly, abundance of the latter is not altered, indicative of a direct impact of CL deficiency on the enzymatic capacity of this electron transfer chain protein complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Petereit
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität HannoverHannover, Germany
| | - Kenta Katayama
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of TokyoTokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of TokyoTokyo, Japan
| | - Christin Lorenz
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften – ISAS – e.V.Dortmund, Germany
| | - Linda Ewert
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität HannoverHannover, Germany
| | - Peter Schertl
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität HannoverHannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Kitsche
- Institute of Biostatistics, Leibniz Universität HannoverHannover, Germany
| | - Hajime Wada
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of TokyoTokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hans-Peter Braun
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität HannoverHannover, Germany
| | - Holger Eubel
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität HannoverHannover, Germany
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Michaud M, Prinz WA, Jouhet J. Glycerolipid synthesis and lipid trafficking in plant mitochondria. FEBS J 2017; 284:376-390. [PMID: 27406373 PMCID: PMC6224293 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Lipid trafficking between mitochondria and other organelles is required for mitochondrial membrane biogenesis and signaling. This lipid exchange occurs by poorly understood nonvesicular mechanisms. In yeast and mammalian cells, this lipid exchange is thought to take place at contact sites between mitochondria and the ER or vacuolar membranes. Some proteins involved in the tethering between membranes or in the transfer of lipids in mitochondria have been identified. However, in plants, little is known about the synthesis of mitochondrial membranes. Mitochondrial membrane biogenesis is particularly important and noteworthy in plants as the lipid composition of mitochondrial membranes is dramatically changed during phosphate starvation and other stresses. This review focuses on the principal pathways involved in the synthesis of the most abundant mitochondrial glycerolipids in plants and the lipid trafficking that is required for plant mitochondria membrane biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Michaud
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, UMR 5168 CNRS-CEA-INRA-Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - William A Prinz
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Juliette Jouhet
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, UMR 5168 CNRS-CEA-INRA-Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
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Li Z, Ding B, Zhou X, Wang GL. The Rice Dynamin-Related Protein OsDRP1E Negatively Regulates Programmed Cell Death by Controlling the Release of Cytochrome c from Mitochondria. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006157. [PMID: 28081268 PMCID: PMC5266325 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) mediated by mitochondrial processes has emerged as an important mechanism for plant development and responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. However, the role of translocation of cytochrome c from the mitochondria to the cytosol during PCD remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the rice dynamin-related protein 1E (OsDRP1E) negatively regulates PCD by controlling mitochondrial structure and cytochrome c release. We used a map-based cloning strategy to isolate OsDRP1E from the lesion mimic mutant dj-lm and confirmed that the E409V mutation in OsDRP1E causes spontaneous cell death in rice. Pathogen inoculation showed that dj-lm significantly enhances resistance to fungal and bacterial pathogens. Functional analysis of the E409V mutation showed that the mutant protein impairs OsDRP1E self-association and formation of a higher-order complex; this in turn reduces the GTPase activity of OsDRP1E. Furthermore, confocal microscopy showed that the E409V mutation impairs localization of OsDRP1E to the mitochondria. The E409V mutation significantly affects the morphogenesis of cristae in mitochondria and causes the abnormal release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into cytoplasm. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the mitochondria-localized protein OsDRP1E functions as a negative regulator of cytochrome c release and PCD in plants. Plants have developed a hypersensitive response (HR) that shows rapid programed cell death (PCD) around the infection site, which in turn limits pathogen invasion and restricts the spread of pathogens. Although many studies reported the characterization of PCD in different pathosystems in the last decade, the molecular mechanisms on how PCD is initiated and how it regulates host resistance are still unclear. Lesion mimic mutants exhibit spontaneous HR-like cell death without pathogen invasion and are ideal genetic materials for dissecting the PCD pathway. In this study, we characterized the lesion mimic gene OsDRP1E that negatively regulates plant PCD through the control of cytochrome c release from mitochondria. Our results suggest that the E409V point mutation in the dynamin-related protein OsDRP1E affects the morphogenesis of mitochondrial cristae that leads to the cytochrome c release into cytoplasm. This study provides new insights into the function of dynamin-related proteins in plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China and College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bo Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (GLW); (BD)
| | - Xueping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Liang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China and College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Plant Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GLW); (BD)
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Zhou Y, Hölzl G, Vom Dorp K, Peisker H, Melzer M, Frentzen M, Dörmann P. Identification and characterization of a plastidial phosphatidylglycerophosphate phosphatase in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 89:221-234. [PMID: 27614107 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylglycerol (PG) is the only phospholipid in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts of plants, and it is also found in extraplastidial membranes including mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum. Previous studies showed that lack of PG in the pgp1-2 mutant of Arabidopsis deficient in phosphatidylglycerophosphate (PGP) synthase strongly affects thylakoid biogenesis and photosynthetic activity. In the present study, the gene encoding the enzyme for the second step of PG synthesis, PGP phosphatase, was isolated based on sequence similarity to the yeast GEP4 and Chlamydomonas PGPP1 genes. The Arabidopsis AtPGPP1 protein localizes to chloroplasts and harbors PGP phosphatase activity with alkaline pH optimum and divalent cation requirement. Arabidopsis pgpp1-1 mutant plants contain reduced amounts of chlorophyll, but photosynthetic quantum yield remains unchanged. The absolute content of plastidial PG (34:4; total number of acyl carbons:number of double bonds) is reduced by about 1/3, demonstrating that AtPGPP1 is involved in the synthesis of plastidial PG. PGP 34:3, PGP 34:2 and PGP 34:1 lacking 16:1 accumulate in pgpp1-1, indicating that the desaturation of 16:0 to 16:1 by the FAD4 desaturase in the chloroplasts only occurs after PGP dephosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Zhou
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants (IMBIO), University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Strasse 13, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Georg Hölzl
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants (IMBIO), University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Strasse 13, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Katharina Vom Dorp
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants (IMBIO), University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Strasse 13, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Helga Peisker
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants (IMBIO), University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Strasse 13, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Melzer
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Seeland-Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Margrit Frentzen
- Botany, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Dörmann
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants (IMBIO), University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Strasse 13, 53115, Bonn, Germany
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Kawałek A, Jagadeesan C, van der Klei IJ. Impaired biosynthesis of the non-bilayer lipids phosphatidylethanolamine or cardiolipin does not affect peroxisome biogenesis and proliferation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 480:228-233. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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E3 ubiquitin ligase SP1 regulates peroxisome biogenesis in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E7307-E7316. [PMID: 27799549 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1613530113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomes are ubiquitous eukaryotic organelles that play pivotal roles in a suite of metabolic processes and often act coordinately with other organelles, such as chloroplasts and mitochondria. Peroxisomes import proteins to the peroxisome matrix by peroxins (PEX proteins), but how the function of the PEX proteins is regulated is poorly understood. In this study, we identified the Arabidopsis RING (really interesting new gene) type E3 ubiquitin ligase SP1 [suppressor of plastid protein import locus 1 (ppi1) 1] as a peroxisome membrane protein with a regulatory role in peroxisome protein import. SP1 interacts physically with the two components of the peroxisome protein docking complex PEX13-PEX14 and the (RING)-finger peroxin PEX2. Loss of SP1 function suppresses defects of the pex14-2 and pex13-1 mutants, and SP1 is involved in the degradation of PEX13 and possibly PEX14 and all three RING peroxins. An in vivo ubiquitination assay showed that SP1 has the ability to promote PEX13 ubiquitination. Our study has revealed that, in addition to its previously reported function in chloroplast biogenesis, SP1 plays a role in peroxisome biogenesis. The same E3 ubiquitin ligase promotes the destabilization of components of two distinct protein-import machineries, indicating that degradation of organelle biogenesis factors by the ubiquitin-proteasome system may constitute an important regulatory mechanism in coordinating the biogenesis of metabolically linked organelles in eukaryotes.
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Smakowska E, Skibior-Blaszczyk R, Czarna M, Kolodziejczak M, Kwasniak-Owczarek M, Parys K, Funk C, Janska H. Lack of FTSH4 Protease Affects Protein Carbonylation, Mitochondrial Morphology, and Phospholipid Content in Mitochondria of Arabidopsis: New Insights into a Complex Interplay. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 171:2516-35. [PMID: 27297677 PMCID: PMC4972270 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
FTSH4 is one of the inner membrane-embedded ATP-dependent metalloproteases in mitochondria of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). In mutants impaired to express FTSH4, carbonylated proteins accumulated and leaf morphology was altered when grown under a short-day photoperiod, at 22°C, and a long-day photoperiod, at 30°C. To provide better insight into the function of FTSH4, we compared the mitochondrial proteomes and oxyproteomes of two ftsh4 mutants and wild-type plants grown under conditions inducing the phenotypic alterations. Numerous proteins from various submitochondrial compartments were observed to be carbonylated in the ftsh4 mutants, indicating a widespread oxidative stress. One of the reasons for the accumulation of carbonylated proteins in ftsh4 was the limited ATP-dependent proteolytic capacity of ftsh4 mitochondria, arising from insufficient ATP amount, probably as a result of an impaired oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), especially complex V. In ftsh4, we further observed giant, spherical mitochondria coexisting among normal ones. Both effects, the increased number of abnormal mitochondria and the decreased stability/activity of the OXPHOS complexes, were probably caused by the lower amount of the mitochondrial membrane phospholipid cardiolipin. We postulate that the reduced cardiolipin content in ftsh4 mitochondria leads to perturbations within the OXPHOS complexes, generating more reactive oxygen species and less ATP, and to the deregulation of mitochondrial dynamics, causing in consequence the accumulation of oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elwira Smakowska
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland (E.S., R.S.-B, M.C., M.K., M.K.-O., K.P., H.J.); andDepartment of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87 Umea, Sweden (C.F.)
| | - Renata Skibior-Blaszczyk
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland (E.S., R.S.-B, M.C., M.K., M.K.-O., K.P., H.J.); andDepartment of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87 Umea, Sweden (C.F.)
| | - Malgorzata Czarna
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland (E.S., R.S.-B, M.C., M.K., M.K.-O., K.P., H.J.); andDepartment of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87 Umea, Sweden (C.F.)
| | - Marta Kolodziejczak
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland (E.S., R.S.-B, M.C., M.K., M.K.-O., K.P., H.J.); andDepartment of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87 Umea, Sweden (C.F.)
| | - Malgorzata Kwasniak-Owczarek
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland (E.S., R.S.-B, M.C., M.K., M.K.-O., K.P., H.J.); andDepartment of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87 Umea, Sweden (C.F.)
| | - Katarzyna Parys
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland (E.S., R.S.-B, M.C., M.K., M.K.-O., K.P., H.J.); andDepartment of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87 Umea, Sweden (C.F.)
| | - Christiane Funk
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland (E.S., R.S.-B, M.C., M.K., M.K.-O., K.P., H.J.); andDepartment of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87 Umea, Sweden (C.F.)
| | - Hanna Janska
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland (E.S., R.S.-B, M.C., M.K., M.K.-O., K.P., H.J.); andDepartment of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87 Umea, Sweden (C.F.)
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A High Temperature-Dependent Mitochondrial Lipase EXTRA GLUME1 Promotes Floral Phenotypic Robustness against Temperature Fluctuation in Rice (Oryza sativa L.). PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006152. [PMID: 27367609 PMCID: PMC4930220 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The sessile plants have evolved diverse intrinsic mechanisms to control their proper development under variable environments. In contrast to plastic vegetative development, reproductive traits like floral identity often show phenotypic robustness against environmental variations. However, it remains obscure about the molecular basis of this phenotypic robustness. In this study, we found that eg1 (extra glume1) mutants of rice (Oryza savita L.) showed floral phenotypic variations in different growth locations resulting in a breakdown of floral identity robustness. Physiological and biochemical analyses showed that EG1 encodes a predominantly mitochondria-localized functional lipase and functions in a high temperature-dependent manner. Furthermore, we found that numerous environmentally responsive genes including many floral identity genes are transcriptionally repressed in eg1 mutants and OsMADS1, OsMADS6 and OsG1 genetically act downstream of EG1 to maintain floral robustness. Collectively, our results demonstrate that EG1 promotes floral robustness against temperature fluctuation by safeguarding the expression of floral identify genes through a high temperature-dependent mitochondrial lipid pathway and uncovers a novel mechanistic insight into floral developmental control.
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Effects of lipids on mitochondrial functions. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1862:102-113. [PMID: 27349299 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria contain two membranes: the outer and inner membrane. Whereas the outer membrane is particularly enriched in phospholipids, the inner membrane has an unusual high protein content and forms large invaginations termed cristae. The proper phospholipid composition of the membranes is crucial for mitochondrial functions. Phospholipids affect activity, biogenesis and stability of protein complexes including protein translocases and respiratory chain supercomplexes. Negatively charged phospholipids such as cardiolipin are important for the architecture of the membranes and recruit soluble factors to the membranes to support mitochondrial dynamics. Thus, phospholipids not only form the hydrophobic core of biological membranes that surround mitochondria, but also create a specific environment to promote functions of various protein machineries. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Lipids of Mitochondria edited by Guenther Daum.
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Zhou Y, Peisker H, Dörmann P. Molecular species composition of plant cardiolipin determined by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. J Lipid Res 2016; 57:1308-21. [PMID: 27179363 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d068429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL), an anionic phospholipid of the inner mitochondrial membrane, provides essential functions for stabilizing respiratory complexes and is involved in mitochondrial morphogenesis and programmed cell death in animals. The role of CL and its metabolism in plants are less well understood. The measurement of CL in plants, including its molecular species composition, is hampered by the fact that CL is of extremely low abundance, and that plants contain large amounts of interfering compounds including galactolipids, neutral lipids, and pigments. We used solid phase extraction by anion exchange chromatography to purify CL from crude plant lipid extracts. LC/MS was used to determine the content and molecular species composition of CL. Thus, up to 23 different molecular species of CL were detected in different plant species, including Arabidopsis, mung bean, spinach, barley, and tobacco. Similar to animals, plant CL is dominated by highly unsaturated species, mostly containing linoleic and linolenic acid. During phosphate deprivation or exposure to an extended dark period, the amount of CL decreased in Arabidopsis, accompanied with an increased degree in unsaturation. The mechanism of CL remodeling during stress, and the function of highly unsaturated CL molecular species, remains to be defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Zhou
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants (IMBIO), University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Helga Peisker
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants (IMBIO), University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Dörmann
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants (IMBIO), University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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Sun AZ, Guo FQ. Chloroplast Retrograde Regulation of Heat Stress Responses in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:398. [PMID: 27066042 PMCID: PMC4814484 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that intracellular signaling from chloroplast to nucleus plays a vital role in stress responses to survive environmental perturbations. The chloroplasts were proposed as sensors to heat stress since components of the photosynthetic apparatus housed in the chloroplast are the major targets of thermal damage in plants. Thus, communicating subcellular perturbations to the nucleus is critical during exposure to extreme environmental conditions such as heat stress. By coordinating expression of stress specific nuclear genes essential for adaptive responses to hostile environment, plants optimize different cell functions and activate acclimation responses through retrograde signaling pathways. The efficient communication between plastids and the nucleus is highly required for such diverse metabolic and biosynthetic functions during adaptation processes to environmental stresses. In recent years, several putative retrograde signals released from plastids that regulate nuclear genes have been identified and signaling pathways have been proposed. In this review, we provide an update on retrograde signals derived from tetrapyrroles, carotenoids, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and organellar gene expression (OGE) in the context of heat stress responses and address their roles in retrograde regulation of heat-responsive gene expression, systemic acquired acclimation, and cellular coordination in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fang-Qing Guo
- The National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Shanghai) and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai, China
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50
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Sun AZ, Guo FQ. Chloroplast Retrograde Regulation of Heat Stress Responses in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:398. [PMID: 27066042 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00398/full] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that intracellular signaling from chloroplast to nucleus plays a vital role in stress responses to survive environmental perturbations. The chloroplasts were proposed as sensors to heat stress since components of the photosynthetic apparatus housed in the chloroplast are the major targets of thermal damage in plants. Thus, communicating subcellular perturbations to the nucleus is critical during exposure to extreme environmental conditions such as heat stress. By coordinating expression of stress specific nuclear genes essential for adaptive responses to hostile environment, plants optimize different cell functions and activate acclimation responses through retrograde signaling pathways. The efficient communication between plastids and the nucleus is highly required for such diverse metabolic and biosynthetic functions during adaptation processes to environmental stresses. In recent years, several putative retrograde signals released from plastids that regulate nuclear genes have been identified and signaling pathways have been proposed. In this review, we provide an update on retrograde signals derived from tetrapyrroles, carotenoids, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and organellar gene expression (OGE) in the context of heat stress responses and address their roles in retrograde regulation of heat-responsive gene expression, systemic acquired acclimation, and cellular coordination in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Zhen Sun
- The National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Shanghai) and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai, China
| | - Fang-Qing Guo
- The National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Shanghai) and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai, China
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