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Zhai L, Will RE, Zhang B. Structural diversity is better associated with forest productivity than species or functional diversity. Ecology 2024; 105:e4269. [PMID: 38361215 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the relationship between biodiversity and productivity can be advanced by improving metrics used to quantify biodiversity. Structural diversity, that is, variation of size and form of plant organs, is an emerging biodiversity metric. However, compared with the other biodiversity metrics, its relative importance in specific components of forest productivity, for example, recruitment of new individuals, biomass net change after accounting for mortality, is largely unknown, particularly across a large spatial scale with multiple influential gradients. To address the knowledge gap, we used USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) data across the southcentral USA from 2008 to 2017. We calculated forest biomass increments due to recruitment and growth and net change in biomass. Then, we quantified the effects of a range of abiotic and biotic variables on the biomass increments and net change. Our results showed that (1) Structural diversity was negatively associated with the two biomass increments and net change in biomass. The negative effects were supported by increased occurrences of insects and diseases with greater structural diversity. (2) Compared with species and functional diversity, structural diversity showed a better association with biomass increments and net change, suggested by its larger absolute values of standardized coefficients, and the effects of structural diversity were negative in contrast to species diversity. (3) The effects of structural diversity, stand age, and elevation differed between natural and planted forests that may stem from the differences in stand development and species composition between the two forest types. Together, structural diversity may represent an important dimension of biodiversity impacts on plant productivity, which could be related to the exacerbated disturbances with greater structural diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhai
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Rodney E Will
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
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2
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Zheng L, Barry KE, Guerrero-Ramírez NR, Craven D, Reich PB, Verheyen K, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Eisenhauer N, Barsoum N, Bauhus J, Bruelheide H, Cavender-Bares J, Dolezal J, Auge H, Fagundes MV, Ferlian O, Fiedler S, Forrester DI, Ganade G, Gebauer T, Haase J, Hajek P, Hector A, Hérault B, Hölscher D, Hulvey KB, Irawan B, Jactel H, Koricheva J, Kreft H, Lanta V, Leps J, Mereu S, Messier C, Montagnini F, Mörsdorf M, Müller S, Muys B, Nock CA, Paquette A, Parker WC, Parker JD, Parrotta JA, Paterno GB, Perring MP, Piotto D, Wayne Polley H, Ponette Q, Potvin C, Quosh J, Rewald B, Godbold DL, van Ruijven J, Standish RJ, Stefanski A, Sundawati L, Urgoiti J, Williams LJ, Wilsey BJ, Yang B, Zhang L, Zhao Z, Yang Y, Sandén H, Ebeling A, Schmid B, Fischer M, Kotowska MM, Palmborg C, Tilman D, Yan E, Hautier Y. Effects of plant diversity on productivity strengthen over time due to trait-dependent shifts in species overyielding. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2078. [PMID: 38453933 PMCID: PMC10920907 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46355-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant diversity effects on community productivity often increase over time. Whether the strengthening of diversity effects is caused by temporal shifts in species-level overyielding (i.e., higher species-level productivity in diverse communities compared with monocultures) remains unclear. Here, using data from 65 grassland and forest biodiversity experiments, we show that the temporal strength of diversity effects at the community scale is underpinned by temporal changes in the species that yield. These temporal trends of species-level overyielding are shaped by plant ecological strategies, which can be quantitatively delimited by functional traits. In grasslands, the temporal strengthening of biodiversity effects on community productivity was associated with increasing biomass overyielding of resource-conservative species increasing over time, and with overyielding of species characterized by fast resource acquisition either decreasing or increasing. In forests, temporal trends in species overyielding differ when considering above- versus belowground resource acquisition strategies. Overyielding in stem growth decreased for species with high light capture capacity but increased for those with high soil resource acquisition capacity. Our results imply that a diversity of species with different, and potentially complementary, ecological strategies is beneficial for maintaining community productivity over time in both grassland and forest ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liting Zheng
- Zhejiang Zhoushan Island Observation and Research Station, Zhejiang Tiantong National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Shanghai Key Lab for Urban and Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
- Institute for Global Change Biology and School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Kathryn E Barry
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nathaly R Guerrero-Ramírez
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Silviculture and Forest Ecology of Temperate Zones, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dylan Craven
- GEMA Center for Genomics, Ecology & Environment, Universidad Mayor, Huechuraba, Santiago, Chile
- Data Observatory Foundation, ANID Technology Center No. DO210001, Providencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Peter B Reich
- Institute for Global Change Biology and School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Kris Verheyen
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | | | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nadia Barsoum
- Centre for Ecosystems, Society and Biosecurity, Forest Research, Alice Holt Lodge, Farnham, UK
| | - Jürgen Bauhus
- Chair of Silviculture, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | | | - Jiri Dolezal
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Department of Functional Ecology, Institute of Botany CAS, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Harald Auge
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Marina V Fagundes
- Departamento de Ecología, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Olga Ferlian
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Fiedler
- Department of Ecosystem Modelling, Büsgen-Institute, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Gislene Ganade
- Departamento de Ecología, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Tobias Gebauer
- Geobotany, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Bioenergy Systems Department, Resource Mobilisation, German Biomass Research Center-DBFZ gGmbH, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Josephine Haase
- Geobotany, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag-Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Peter Hajek
- Geobotany, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andy Hector
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Bruno Hérault
- CIRAD, Forêts et Sociétés, Montpellier, France
- Forêts et Sociétés, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Dirk Hölscher
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Tropical Silviculture and Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Bambang Irawan
- Forestry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jambi, Jambi, Indonesia
- Land Use Transformation Systems Center of Excellence, University of Jambi, Jambi, Indonesia
| | - Hervé Jactel
- INRAE, University of Bordeaux, BIOGECO, Cestas, France
| | - Julia Koricheva
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, UK
| | - Holger Kreft
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Vojtech Lanta
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Department of Functional Ecology, Institute of Botany CAS, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Leps
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Biological Research Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Simone Mereu
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Bioeconomia, CNR-IBE, Sassari, Italy
- CMCC-Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici, IAFES Division, Sassari, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Piazza Marina 61 (c/o palazzo Steri), Palermo, Italy
| | - Christian Messier
- Département des sciences biologiques, Centre for Forest Research, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Département des sciences naturelles, ISFORT, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Ripon, QC, Canada
| | - Florencia Montagnini
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Martin Mörsdorf
- Geobotany, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department for Research, Biotope-, and Wildlife Management; National Park Administration Hunsrück-Hochwald, Birkenfeld, Germany
| | - Sandra Müller
- Geobotany, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bart Muys
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Charles A Nock
- Geobotany, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Renewable Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Alain Paquette
- Département des sciences biologiques, Centre for Forest Research, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - William C Parker
- Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada
| | - John D Parker
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, USA
| | - John A Parrotta
- USDA Forest Service, Research & Development, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Gustavo B Paterno
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael P Perring
- UKCEH (UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology), Environment Centre Wales, Bangor, UK
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Daniel Piotto
- Centro de Formação em Ciências Agroflorestais, Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia, Itabuna, Brazil
| | | | - Quentin Ponette
- Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | | | - Julius Quosh
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Boris Rewald
- Forest Ecology, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Forest Ecosystem Research, Department of Forest Protection and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Douglas L Godbold
- Forest Ecology, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Forest Ecosystem Research, Department of Forest Protection and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jasper van Ruijven
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Forest Ecology and Management group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rachel J Standish
- School of Environmental and Conservation Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Artur Stefanski
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Leti Sundawati
- Department of Forest Management, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Institut Pertanian Bogor University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Jon Urgoiti
- Département des sciences biologiques, Centre for Forest Research, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Laura J Williams
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Brian J Wilsey
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Baiyu Yang
- Zhejiang Zhoushan Island Observation and Research Station, Zhejiang Tiantong National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Shanghai Key Lab for Urban and Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Zhejiang Zhoushan Island Observation and Research Station, Zhejiang Tiantong National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Shanghai Key Lab for Urban and Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao Zhao
- Zhejiang Zhoushan Island Observation and Research Station, Zhejiang Tiantong National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Shanghai Key Lab for Urban and Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongchuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hans Sandén
- Forest Ecology, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anne Ebeling
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schmid
- Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Fischer
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martyna M Kotowska
- Department of Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Cecilia Palmborg
- Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - David Tilman
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Enrong Yan
- Zhejiang Zhoushan Island Observation and Research Station, Zhejiang Tiantong National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Shanghai Key Lab for Urban and Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
- Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Shanghai, China.
| | - Yann Hautier
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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3
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Shovon TA, Auge H, Haase J, Nock CA. Positive effects of tree species diversity on productivity switch to negative after severe drought mortality in a temperate forest experiment. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17252. [PMID: 38501719 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of a large body of evidence from field experiments suggests more diverse plant communities are more productive as well as more resistant to the effects of climatic extremes like drought. However, this view is strongly based on data from grasslands due to the limited empirical evidence from tree diversity experiments. Here we report on the relationship between tree diversity and productivity over 10 years in a field experiment established in 2005 that was then affected by the 2018 mega-drought in central Europe. Across a number of years, tree species diversity and productivity were significantly positively related; however, the slope switched to negative in the year of the drought. Net diversity effects increased through time, with complementarity effects making greater contributions to the net diversity effect than selection effects. Complementarity effects were clearly positive in three- and five-species mixtures before the drought (2012-2016) but were found to decrease in the year of the drought. Selection effects were clearly positive in 2016 and remained positive in the drought year 2018 in two-, three-, and five-species mixtures. The survival of Norway spruce (Picea abies) plummeted in response to the drought, and a negative relationship between species diversity and spruce survival was found. Taken together, our findings suggest that tree diversity per se may not buffer communities against the impacts of extreme drought and that tree species composition and the drought tolerance of tree species (i.e., species identity) will be important determinants of community productivity as the prevalence of drought increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvir Ahmed Shovon
- Department of Renewable Resources, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Harald Auge
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Halle (Saale), Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Josephine Haase
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag-Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Charles A Nock
- Department of Renewable Resources, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Geobotany, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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4
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Fan B, Gong Z, Xin X, Liu Y, He L, Gao Y, Ren A, Zhao N. Both evenness and dominant species identity have effects on litter decomposition. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11052. [PMID: 38414570 PMCID: PMC10896676 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Exploring how interactions between species evenness and dominant species identity affect litter decomposition processes is vital to understanding the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in the context of global changes. We carried out a 127-day litter decomposition experiment under controlled conditions, with interactions of four species evenness types (high, medium, low and single species) and three dominant species identity (Leymus chinensis, Serratula centauroides, Artemisia capillaris). After collecting the remaining litter, we estimated how evenness and dominant species identity affected litter mass loss rate, carbon (C) loss rate, nitrogen (N) loss rate and remaining litter C/N directly or indirectly, and assessed relative mixture effects (RMEs) on litter mass loss. The main results are shown as follows. (1) By generalized linear models, litter mass loss rate was significantly affected by evenness after 69-day decomposition; N loss rate was affected by dominant species identity after 69-day decomposition, with treatment dominated by Serratula centauroides being at least 9.26% higher than that dominated by any of other species; and remaining litter C/N was affected by the interactions between evenness and dominant species identity after 30-, 69- and 127-day decomposition. (2) Twenty-three out of 27 RMEs were additive, and dominant species identity showed a significant effect on RMEs after 127-day decomposition. (3) By confirmatory path analyses, litter mass loss rate was affected by dominant species identity directly after 127-day decomposition, and by both species evenness and dominant species identity indirectly which was mediated by initial litter functional dispersion (FDis) after 30- and 69-day decomposition; remaining litter C/N was affected by evenness indirectly which was mediated by initial litter FDis after 127-day decomposition. These findings highlight the importance of evenness and dominant species identity on litter decomposition. The study provides insights into communities during retrogressive successions in semi-arid grasslands in the context of global changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baijie Fan
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Science Nankai University Tianjin China
| | - Ziqing Gong
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Science Nankai University Tianjin China
| | - Xiaojing Xin
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Science Nankai University Tianjin China
| | - Yulin Liu
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Science Nankai University Tianjin China
| | - Luoyang He
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Science Nankai University Tianjin China
| | - Yubao Gao
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Science Nankai University Tianjin China
| | - Anzhi Ren
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Science Nankai University Tianjin China
| | - Nianxi Zhao
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Science Nankai University Tianjin China
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5
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Wan X, Joly FX, Jia H, Zhu M, Fu Y, Huang Z. Functional identity drives tree species richness-induced increases in litterfall production and forest floor mass in young tree communities. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:1003-1014. [PMID: 37606255 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Forest floor accumulation is a key process that influences ecosystem carbon cycling. Despite evidence suggesting that tree diversity and soil carbon are positively correlated, most soil carbon studies typically omit the response of the forest floor carbon to tree diversity loss. Here, we evaluated how tree species richness affects forest floor mass and how this effect is mediated by litterfall production and forest floor decay rate in a tree diversity experiment in a subtropical forest. We observed that greater tree species richness leads to higher forest floor accumulation at the soil surface through increasing litterfall production - positively linked to functional trait identity (i.e. community-weighted mean functional trait) rather than functional diversity - and unchanged forest floor decay. Interestingly, structural equation modelling revealed that this lack of overall significant tree species richness effect on forest floor decay rate was due to two indirect and opposite effects cancelling each other out. Indeed, tree species richness increased forest floor decay rate through increasing litterfall production while decreasing forest floor decay rate by increasing litter species richness. Our reports of greater organic matter accumulation in the forest floor in species-rich forests suggest that tree diversity may have long-term and important effect on ecosystem carbon cycling and services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Wan
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, 350007, China
- School of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - François-Xavier Joly
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Hui Jia
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, 350007, China
- School of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, 350007, China
- School of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Yanrong Fu
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, 350007, China
- School of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Zhiqun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, 350007, China
- School of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
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6
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Bello C, Schleuning M, Graham CH. Analyzing trophic ecosystem functions with the interaction functional space. Trends Ecol Evol 2023; 38:424-434. [PMID: 36599738 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Quantifying the vulnerability of ecosystems to global change requires a better understanding of how trophic ecosystem functions emerge. So far, trophic ecosystem functions have been studied from the perspective of either functional diversity or network ecology. To integrate these two perspectives, we propose the interaction functional space (IFS) a conceptual framework to simultaneously analyze the effects of traits and interactions on trophic functions. We exemplify the added value of our framework for seed dispersal and wood decomposition and show how species interactions influence the relationship between functional trait diversity and trophic functions. We propose future applications for a range of functions where the IFS can help to elucidate mechanisms underpinning trophic functions and facilitate understanding of functional changes in ecosystems amidst global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Bello
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland; Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Matthias Schleuning
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Catherine H Graham
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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7
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Fu W, Cao Y, Li X, Sun J, Liu F, Li W. The responses of riparian plant communities to environmental and spatial factors in the upper Han River basin, China. Glob Ecol Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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8
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Yang H, Xu H, Zhang W, Li Z, Fan H, Lambers H, Li L. Overyielding is accounted for partly by plasticity and dissimilarity of crop root traits in maize/legume intercropping systems. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, Key Laboratory of Plant and Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education; College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development China Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - Hua‐Sen Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, Key Laboratory of Plant and Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education; College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development China Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - Wei‐Ping Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, Key Laboratory of Plant and Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education; College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development China Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - Zhao‐Xin Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, Key Laboratory of Plant and Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education; College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development China Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - Hong‐Xia Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, Key Laboratory of Plant and Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education; College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development China Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - Hans Lambers
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, Key Laboratory of Plant and Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education; College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development China Agricultural University Beijing China
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia Crawley (Perth) WA Australia
| | - Long Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, Key Laboratory of Plant and Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education; College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development China Agricultural University Beijing China
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9
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Effects of Functional Diversity on Soil Respiration in an Arid Desert Area. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14084821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
To compare the relative importance of the biomass ratio hypothesis and the niche complementarity hypothesis in explaining changes in soil respiration (Rs), and to explore whether the relationship between biodiversity and Rs was affected by both biotic and abiotic factors, dynamic plant community monitoring was conducted in the Ebinur Lake Wetland Nature Reserve. By calculating the functional diversity (FD), community-weighted mean functional traits (CWM), and soil factors, the correlation between FD and Rs was compared using a linear regression model and a structural equation model. The results showed that (1) the CWM traits could better explain the changes of Rs than the FD, indicating that the biomass ratio hypothesis was more suitable for explaining changes in Rs in arid desert areas; and (2) the correlation between biodiversity and Rs was affected by the interaction between biological factors and environmental factors. Soil water content and species richness also affected Rs. Research on the relationship between biodiversity and Rs should examine both biotic and abiotic factors and clarify and explore various factors affecting Rs, which is of great significance to evaluate the community dynamics and variation characteristics of Rs. The study of various factors affecting Rs in this region is helpful to elucidate the process of the soil carbon cycle in arid desert areas.
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10
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Schuster MJ, Williams LJ, Stefanski A, Bermudez R, Belluau M, Messier C, Paquette A, Gravel D, Reich PB. Patterns of belowground overyielding and fine‐root biomass in native and exotic angiosperms and gymnosperms. OIKOS 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Artur Stefanski
- Dept of Forest Resources, Univ. of Minnesota St. Paul MN USA
| | | | - Michaël Belluau
- Centre for Forest Research, Univ. du Québec à Montréal (UQAM) Montréal QC Canada
| | - Christian Messier
- Centre for Forest Research, Univ. du Québec à Montréal (UQAM) Montréal QC Canada
- Inst. des Sciences de la Forêt Feuillue Tempérée (ISFORT), Univ. du Québec en Outaouais (UQO) Ripon QC Canada
| | - Alain Paquette
- Centre for Forest Research, Univ. du Québec à Montréal (UQAM) Montréal QC Canada
| | | | - Peter B. Reich
- Dept of Forest Resources, Univ. of Minnesota St. Paul MN USA
- Hawkesbury Inst. for the Environment, Univ. of Western Sydney Penrith NSW Australia
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11
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Integrating Tree Species Identity and Diversity in Particulate Matter Adsorption. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13030481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The amount of PM bound by tree canopies depends on leaf traits, but also the leaf area available, both of which are dependent on tree identity. We investigated four species (Acer platanoides L., Tilia cordata Mill., Quercus robur L., Carpinus betulus L.) grown in monocultures and in two and four species polycultures. The amount of PM on the leaves of these species was determined by washing and fractionation of the PM into PM2.5, PM10 and PM100 size classes using a filtering method. The leaf area index was estimated by litter collection. The amount of PM2.5 per m2 leaf area was significantly higher in T. cordata compared to Q. robur and A. platanoides, and in C. betulus compared to A. platanoides. The leaf area index in monocultures was similar for all species except T. cordata which was considerably lower. Overyielding of LAI was shown in the two species polyculture of T. cordata and A. platanoides, and also in the four species polyculture. In polyculture, higher amounts of PM were determined in the two species polyculture of Q. robur and C. betulus and also in the four species polyculture. The result show that both tree identity and mixture influence the amount of PM in the canopy, and this is related to tree leaf traits, and also to overyielding of LAI in the polyculture.
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12
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Urgoiti J, Messier C, Keeton WS, Reich PB, Gravel D, Paquette A. No complementarity no gain-Net diversity effects on tree productivity occur once complementarity emerges during early stand development. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:851-862. [PMID: 35106898 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although there is compelling evidence that tree diversity has an overall positive effect on forest productivity, there are important divergences among studies on the nature and strength of these diversity effects and their timing during forest stand development. To clarify conflicting results related to stand developmental stage, we explored how diversity effects on productivity change through time in a diversity experiment spanning 11 years. We show that the strength of diversity effects on productivity progressively increases through time, becoming significantly positive after 9 years. Moreover, we demonstrate that the strengthening of diversity effects is driven primarily by gradual increases in complementarity. We also show that mixing species with contrasting resource-acquisition strategies, and the dominance of deciduous, fast-developing species, promote positive diversity effects on productivity. Our results suggest that the canopy closure and subsequent stem exclusion phase are key for promoting niche complementarity in diverse tree communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Urgoiti
- Centre for Forest Research, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Christian Messier
- Centre for Forest Research, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Institut des sciences de la forêt tempérée (ISFORT), Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), Ripon, Québec, Canada
| | - William S Keeton
- Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Peter B Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.,Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia.,Institute for Global Change Biology, and School for the Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Dominique Gravel
- Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Alain Paquette
- Centre for Forest Research, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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13
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Zheng L, Chen HYH, Hautier Y, Bao D, Xu M, Yang B, Zhao Z, Zhang L, Yan E. Functionally diverse tree stands reduce herbaceous diversity and productivity via canopy packing. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li‐Ting Zheng
- Forest Ecosystem Research and Observation Station in Putuo Island Tiantong National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, and Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco‐Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China
- Institute of Eco‐Chongming (IEC) 3663 N. Zhongshan Rd Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Han Y. H. Chen
- Faculty of Natural Resources Management Lakehead University 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay Ontario P7B 5E1 Canada
| | - Yann Hautier
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group Department of Biology Utrecht University Padualaan 8 3584 CH Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Di‐Feng Bao
- Forest Ecosystem Research and Observation Station in Putuo Island Tiantong National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, and Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco‐Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China
- Institute of Eco‐Chongming (IEC) 3663 N. Zhongshan Rd Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Ming‐Shan Xu
- Forest Ecosystem Research and Observation Station in Putuo Island Tiantong National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, and Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco‐Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China
- Institute of Eco‐Chongming (IEC) 3663 N. Zhongshan Rd Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Bai‐Yu Yang
- Forest Ecosystem Research and Observation Station in Putuo Island Tiantong National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, and Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco‐Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China
- Institute of Eco‐Chongming (IEC) 3663 N. Zhongshan Rd Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Zhao Zhao
- Forest Ecosystem Research and Observation Station in Putuo Island Tiantong National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, and Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco‐Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China
- Institute of Eco‐Chongming (IEC) 3663 N. Zhongshan Rd Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Li Zhang
- Forest Ecosystem Research and Observation Station in Putuo Island Tiantong National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, and Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco‐Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China
- Institute of Eco‐Chongming (IEC) 3663 N. Zhongshan Rd Shanghai 200062 China
| | - En‐Rong Yan
- Forest Ecosystem Research and Observation Station in Putuo Island Tiantong National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, and Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco‐Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China
- Institute of Eco‐Chongming (IEC) 3663 N. Zhongshan Rd Shanghai 200062 China
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14
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Martin‐Guay M, Belluau M, Côté B, Handa IT, Jewell MD, Khlifa R, Munson AD, Rivest M, Whalen JK, Rivest D. Tree identity and diversity directly affect soil moisture and temperature but not soil carbon ten years after planting. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8509. [PMID: 35136558 PMCID: PMC8809433 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil C is the largest C pool in forest ecosystems that contributes to C sequestration and mitigates climate change. Tree diversity enhances forest productivity, so diversifying the tree species composition, notably in managed forests, could increase the quantity of organic matter being transferred to soils and alter other soil properties relevant to the C cycle.A ten-year-old tree diversity experiment was used to study the effects of tree identity and diversity (functional and taxonomic) on soils. Surface (0-10 cm) mineral soil was repeatedly measured for soil C concentration, C:N ratio, pH, moisture, and temperature in twenty-four tree species mixtures and twelve corresponding monocultures (replicated in four blocks).Soil pH, moisture, and temperature responded to tree diversity and identity. Greater productivity in above- and below-ground tree components did not increase soil C concentration. Soil pH increased and soil moisture decreased with functional diversity, more specifically, when species had different growth strategies and shade tolerances. Functional identity affected soil moisture and temperature, such that tree communities with more slow-growing and shade-tolerant species had greater soil moisture and temperature. Higher temperature was measured in communities with broadleaf-deciduous species compared to communities with coniferous-evergreen species.We conclude that long-term soil C cycling in forest plantations will likely respond to changes in soil pH, moisture, and temperature that is mediated by tree species composition, since tree species affect these soil properties through their litter quality, water uptake, and physical control of soil microclimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc‐Olivier Martin‐Guay
- Institut des Sciences de la Forêt Tempérée (ISFORT)Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO)RiponQuebecCanada
| | - Michaël Belluau
- Département des Sciences BiologiquesUniversité du Québec à Montréal (UQÀM)MontréalQuebecCanada
| | - Benoit Côté
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences (NRS)McGill UniversityMontréalQuebecCanada
| | - Ira Tanya Handa
- Département des Sciences BiologiquesUniversité du Québec à Montréal (UQÀM)MontréalQuebecCanada
| | - Mark D. Jewell
- Department of BiologyMcGill UniversityMontréalQuebecCanada
| | - Rim Khlifa
- Département Science et TechnologieUniversité TÉLUQMontréalQuebecCanada
| | - Alison D. Munson
- Département des Sciences du Bois et de la ForêtUniversité LavalQuébecQuebecCanada
| | - Maxime Rivest
- Department of BiologyMcGill UniversityMontréalQuebecCanada
| | - Joann K. Whalen
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences (NRS)McGill UniversityMontréalQuebecCanada
| | - David Rivest
- Institut des Sciences de la Forêt Tempérée (ISFORT)Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO)RiponQuebecCanada
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15
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Li SP, Jia P, Fan SY, Wu Y, Liu X, Meng Y, Li Y, Shu WS, Li JT, Jiang L. Functional traits explain the consistent resistance of biodiversity to plant invasion under nitrogen enrichment. Ecol Lett 2021; 25:778-789. [PMID: 34972253 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Elton's biotic resistance hypothesis, which posits that diverse communities should be more resistant to biological invasions, has received considerable experimental support. However, it remains unclear whether such a negative diversity-invasibility relationship would persist under anthropogenic environmental change. By using the common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) as a model invader, our 4-year grassland experiment demonstrated consistently negative relationships between resident species diversity and community invasibility, irrespective of nitrogen addition, a result further supported by a meta-analysis. Importantly, our experiment showed that plant diversity consistently resisted invasion simultaneously through increased resident biomass, increased trait dissimilarity among residents, and increased community-weighted means of resource-conservative traits that strongly resist invasion, pointing to the importance of both trait complementarity and sampling effects for invasion resistance even under resource enrichment. Our study provides unique evidence that considering species' functional traits can help further our understanding of biotic resistance to biological invasions in a changing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Peng Li
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Eco-Chongming, Shanghai, China
| | - Pu Jia
- Institute of Ecological Science and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Ya Fan
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingtong Wu
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Xiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems & Institute of Innovation Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yani Meng
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Li
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Sheng Shu
- Institute of Ecological Science and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Tian Li
- Institute of Ecological Science and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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16
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Gottschall F, Cesarz S, Auge H, Kovach KR, Mori AS, Nock CA, Eisenhauer N. Spatiotemporal dynamics of abiotic and biotic properties explain biodiversity–ecosystem‐functioning relationships. ECOL MONOGR 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Gottschall
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig 04103 Germany
- Institute of Biology Leipzig University Leipzig 04103 Germany
| | - Simone Cesarz
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig 04103 Germany
- Institute of Biology Leipzig University Leipzig 04103 Germany
| | - Harald Auge
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig 04103 Germany
- Department of Community Ecology Helmholtz‐Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ Halle 06120 Germany
| | - Kyle R. Kovach
- Chair of Geobotany Faculty of Biology University of Freiburg Freiburg 79104 Germany
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin 53706 USA
| | - Akira S. Mori
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences Yokohama National University Yokohama 240‐8501 Japan
| | - Charles A. Nock
- Chair of Geobotany Faculty of Biology University of Freiburg Freiburg 79104 Germany
- Department of Renewable Resources University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G 2R3 Canada
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig 04103 Germany
- Institute of Biology Leipzig University Leipzig 04103 Germany
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17
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Bongers FJ, Schmid B, Bruelheide H, Bongers F, Li S, von Oheimb G, Li Y, Cheng A, Ma K, Liu X. Functional diversity effects on productivity increase with age in a forest biodiversity experiment. Nat Ecol Evol 2021; 5:1594-1603. [PMID: 34737435 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-021-01564-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Forest restoration increases global forest area and ecosystem services such as primary productivity and carbon storage. How tree species functional composition impacts the provisioning of these services as forests develop is sparsely studied. We used 10-year data from 478 plots with 191,200 trees in a forest biodiversity experiment in subtropical China to assess the relationship between community productivity and community-weighted mean (CWM) or functional diversity (FD) values of 38 functional traits. We found that effects of FD values on productivity became larger than effects of CWM values after 7 years of forest development and that the FD values also became more reliable predictors of productivity than the CWM values. In contrast to CWM, FD values consistently increased productivity across ten different species-pool subsets. Our results imply that to promote productivity in the long term it is imperative for forest restoration projects to plant multispecies communities with large functional diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franca J Bongers
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bernhard Schmid
- Department of Geography, Remote Sensing Laboratories, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Frans Bongers
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Shan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Goddert von Oheimb
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of General Ecology and Environmental Protection, Technische Universität Dresden, Tharandt, Germany
| | - Yin Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Monitoring and Sustainable Management and Utilization, Sanming University, Sanming, China
| | - Anpeng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Keping Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaojuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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18
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Belluau M, Paquette A, Gravel D, Reich PB, Stefanski A, Messier C. Exotics are more complementary over time in tree biodiversity–ecosystem functioning experiments. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Belluau
- Centre d’étude de la forêt Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM) Montréal QC Canada
| | - Alain Paquette
- Centre d’étude de la forêt Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM) Montréal QC Canada
| | - Dominique Gravel
- Département de biologie Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke QC Canada
| | - Peter B. Reich
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University Penrith NSW Australia
| | - Artur Stefanski
- Department of Forest Resources University of Minnesota St. Paul MN USA
| | - Christian Messier
- Centre d’étude de la forêt Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM) Montréal QC Canada
- Département des sciences naturelles and Institut des sciences de la forêt tempérée (ISFORT) Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO) Ripon QC Canada
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19
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Godlee JL, Ryan CM, Bauman D, Bowers SJ, Carreiras JMB, Chisingui AV, Cromsigt JPGM, Druce DJ, Finckh M, Gonçalves FM, Holdo RM, Makungwa S, McNicol IM, Mitchard ETA, Muchawona A, Revermann R, Ribeiro NS, Siampale A, Syampungani S, Tchamba JJ, Tripathi HG, Wallenfang J, Te Beest M, Williams M, Dexter KG. Structural diversity and tree density drives variation in the biodiversity-ecosystem function relationship of woodlands and savannas. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:579-594. [PMID: 34292602 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Positive biodiversity-ecosystem function relationships (BEFRs) have been widely documented, but it is unclear if BEFRs should be expected in disturbance-driven systems. Disturbance may limit competition and niche differentiation, which are frequently posited to underlie BEFRs. We provide the first exploration of the relationship between tree species diversity and biomass, one measure of ecosystem function, across southern African woodlands and savannas, an ecological system rife with disturbance from fire, herbivores and humans. We used > 1000 vegetation plots distributed across 10 southern African countries and structural equation modelling to determine the relationship between tree species diversity and above-ground woody biomass, accounting for interacting effects of resource availability, disturbance by fire, tree stem density and vegetation type. We found positive effects of tree species diversity on above-ground biomass, operating via increased structural diversity. The observed BEFR was highly dependent on organismal density, with a minimum threshold of c. 180 mature stems ha-1 . We found that water availability mainly affects biomass indirectly, via increasing species diversity. The study underlines the close association between tree diversity, ecosystem structure, environment and function in highly disturbed savannas and woodlands. We suggest that tree diversity is an under-appreciated determinant of wooded ecosystem structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Godlee
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, UK
| | - Casey M Ryan
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, UK
| | - David Bauman
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK
- Laboratoire d'Écologie Végétale et Biogéochimie, CP 244, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, B-1050, Belgium
| | - Samuel J Bowers
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, UK
| | - Joao M B Carreiras
- National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO), University of Sheffield, Hicks Building, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield, S3 7RH, UK
| | | | - Joris P G M Cromsigt
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, SE-907 36, Sweden
- Department of Zoology, Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584CS, the Netherlands
| | - Dave J Druce
- Ecological Advice, Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife, Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park, 3202, South Africa
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa
| | - Manfred Finckh
- Biodiversity, Evolution and Ecology of Plants, Institute of Plant Sciences and Microbiology, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, Hamburg, 22609, Germany
| | | | - Ricardo M Holdo
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, 140 E. Green St., Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Steve Makungwa
- Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources (LUANAR), Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Iain M McNicol
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, UK
| | | | | | - Rasmus Revermann
- Biodiversity, Evolution and Ecology of Plants, Institute of Plant Sciences and Microbiology, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, Hamburg, 22609, Germany
- Faculty of Natural Resources and Spatial Sciences, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek, 10005, Namibia
| | - Natasha Sofia Ribeiro
- Department of Forest Engineering, Faculty of Agronomy and Forest Engineering, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Av. Julius Nyerere, 3453, Campus Universitario, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Abel Siampale
- Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources, Cairo Road, Lusaka, Zambia
| | | | - José João Tchamba
- Herbarium of Lubango, ISCED Huíla, Sarmento Rodrigues Str. No. 2, CP 230, Lubango, Angola
| | - Hemant G Tripathi
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Johannes Wallenfang
- Biodiversity, Evolution and Ecology of Plants, Institute of Plant Sciences and Microbiology, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, Hamburg, 22609, Germany
| | - Mariska Te Beest
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3508, the Netherlands
- Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa
- South African Environmental Observation Network, Grasslands-Forests-Wetlands Node, Montrose, 3201, South Africa
| | - Mathew Williams
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, UK
| | - Kyle G Dexter
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, UK
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH3 5LR, UK
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20
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Reprint of: Functional-structural plant models to boost understanding of complementarity in light capture and use in mixed-species forests. Basic Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2021.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Ma L, Bongers FJ, Li S, Tang T, Yang B, Ma K, Liu X. Species identity and composition effects on community productivity in a subtropical forest. Basic Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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22
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Santos D, Joner F, Shipley B, Teleginski M, Lucas RR, Siddique I. Crop functional diversity drives multiple ecosystem functions during early agroforestry succession. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Santos
- Applied Ecology Lab (LEAp) Center of Agrarian Sciences Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC) Florianópolis SC Brazil
- Federal University of Fronteira Sul (UFFS) campus Laranjeiras do Sul Laranjeiras do Sul PR Brazil
| | - Fernando Joner
- Applied Ecology Lab (LEAp) Center of Agrarian Sciences Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC) Florianópolis SC Brazil
| | - Bill Shipley
- Département de Biologie Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke QC Canada
| | - Marinice Teleginski
- Applied Ecology Lab (LEAp) Center of Agrarian Sciences Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC) Florianópolis SC Brazil
| | - Renata Rodrigues Lucas
- Applied Ecology Lab (LEAp) Center of Agrarian Sciences Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC) Florianópolis SC Brazil
| | - Ilyas Siddique
- Applied Ecology Lab (LEAp) Center of Agrarian Sciences Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC) Florianópolis SC Brazil
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23
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Yuan Z, Ali A, Loreau M, Ding F, Liu S, Sanaei A, Zhou W, Ye J, Lin F, Fang S, Hao Z, Wang X, Le Bagousse-Pinguet Y. Divergent above- and below-ground biodiversity pathways mediate disturbance impacts on temperate forest multifunctionality. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:2883-2894. [PMID: 33742479 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biodiversity plays a fundamental role in provisioning and regulating forest ecosystem functions and services. Above-ground (plants) and below-ground (soil microbes) biodiversity could have asynchronous change paces to human-driven land-use impacts. Yet, we know very little how they affect the provision of multiple forest functions related to carbon accumulation, water retention capacity and nutrient cycling simultaneously (i.e. ecosystem multifunctionality; EMF). We used a dataset of 22,000 temperate forest trees from 260 plots within 11 permanent forest sites in Northeastern China, which are recovering from three post-logging disturbances. We assessed the direct and mediating effects of multiple attributes of plant biodiversity (taxonomic, phylogenetic, functional and stand structure) and soil biodiversity (bacteria and fungi) on EMF under the three disturbance levels. We found the highest EMF in highly disturbed rather than undisturbed mature forests. Plant taxonomic, phylogenetic, functional and stand structural diversity had both positive and negative effects on EMF, depending on how the EMF index was quantified, whereas soil microbial diversity exhibited a consistent positive impact. Biodiversity indices explained on average 45% (26%-58%) of the variation in EMF, whereas climate and disturbance together explained on average 7% (0.4%-15%). Our result highlighted that the tremendous effect of biodiversity on EMF, largely overpassing those of both climate and disturbance. While above- (β = 0.02-0.19) and below-ground (β = 0.16-0.26) biodiversity had direct positive effects on EMF, their opposite mediating effects (β = -0.22 vs. β = 0.35 respectively) played as divergent pathways to human disturbance impacts on EMF. Our study sheds light on the need for integrative frameworks simultaneously considering above- and below-ground attributes to grasp the global picture of biodiversity effects on ecosystem functioning and services. Suitable management interventions could maintain both plant and soil microbial biodiversity, and thus guarantee a long-term functioning and provisioning of ecosystem services in an increasing disturbance frequency world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuoqiang Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Arshad Ali
- Department of Forest Resources Management, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Michel Loreau
- Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, CNRS and Paul Sabatier University, Moulis, France
| | - Fang Ding
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shufang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Anvar Sanaei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Wangming Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Ji Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Fei Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuai Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhanqing Hao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northernwest Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xugao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Yoann Le Bagousse-Pinguet
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Avignon Université, IRD, IMBE, Technopôle Arbois-Méditerranée Bât. Villemin - BP 80, Aix-en-Provence cedex 04, France
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24
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Jing X, Muys B, Bruelheide H, Desie E, Hättenschwiler S, Jactel H, Jaroszewicz B, Kardol P, Ratcliffe S, Scherer‐Lorenzen M, Selvi F, Vancampenhout K, van der Plas F, Verheyen K, Vesterdal L, Zuo J, Van Meerbeek K. Above‐ and below‐ground complementarity rather than selection drive tree diversity–productivity relationships in European forests. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jing
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Bart Muys
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Ellen Desie
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Stephan Hättenschwiler
- CEFE University of Montpellier CNRS EPHE IRD University of Paul‐Valéry Montpellier Montpellier France
| | - Hervé Jactel
- INRAE University of BordeauxBIOGECO Cestas France
| | - Bogdan Jaroszewicz
- Białowieża Geobotanical Station Faculty of Biology University of Warsaw Białowieża Poland
| | - Paul Kardol
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Umeå Sweden
| | | | | | - Federico Selvi
- Department of Agriculture, Food Environment and Forestry University of Firenze Firenze Italy
| | | | - Fons van der Plas
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity Life Science Leipzig University Germany
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group Wageningen University Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Kris Verheyen
- Forest and Nature Lab Campus Gontrode Department of Environment Ghent University Melle‐Gontrode Belgium
| | - Lars Vesterdal
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg C Denmark
| | - Juan Zuo
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology Wuhan Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan China
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25
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Liu C, Xiang W, Xie B, Ouyang S, Zeng Y, Lei P, Peng C. Decoupling the Complementarity Effect and the Selection Effect on the Overyielding of Fine Root Production Along a Tree Species Richness Gradient in Subtropical Forests. Ecosystems 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-020-00538-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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26
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Puy J, Carmona CP, Dvořáková H, Latzel V, de Bello F. Diversity of parental environments increases phenotypic variation in Arabidopsis populations more than genetic diversity but similarly affects productivity. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2021; 127:425-436. [PMID: 32463878 PMCID: PMC7988527 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcaa100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The observed positive diversity effect on ecosystem functioning has rarely been assessed in terms of intraspecific trait variability within populations. Intraspecific phenotypic variability could stem both from underlying genetic diversity and from plasticity in response to environmental cues. The latter might derive from modifications to a plant's epigenome and potentially last multiple generations in response to previous environmental conditions. We experimentally disentangled the role of genetic diversity and diversity of parental environments on population productivity, resistance against environmental fluctuations and intraspecific phenotypic variation. METHODS A glasshouse experiment was conducted in which different types of Arabidopsis thaliana populations were established: one population type with differing levels of genetic diversity and another type, genetically identical, but with varying diversity levels of the parental environments (parents grown in the same or different environments). The latter population type was further combined, or not, with experimental demethylation to reduce the potential epigenetic diversity produced by the diversity of parental environments. Furthermore, all populations were each grown under different environmental conditions (control, fertilization and waterlogging). Mortality, productivity and trait variability were measured in each population. KEY RESULTS Parental environments triggered phenotypic modifications in the offspring, which translated into more functionally diverse populations when offspring from parents grown under different conditions were brought together in mixtures. In general, neither the increase in genetic diversity nor the increase in diversity of parental environments had a remarkable effect on productivity or resistance to environmental fluctuations. However, when the epigenetic variation was reduced via demethylation, mixtures were less productive than monocultures (i.e. negative net diversity effect), caused by the reduction of phenotypic differences between different parental origins. CONCLUSIONS A diversity of environmental parental origins within a population could ameliorate the negative effect of competition between coexisting individuals by increasing intraspecific phenotypic variation. A diversity of parental environments could thus have comparable effects to genetic diversity. Disentangling the effect of genetic diversity and that of parental environments appears to be an important step in understanding the effect of intraspecific trait variability on coexistence and ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Puy
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- For correspondence. E-mail
| | - Carlos P Carmona
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, Department of Botany, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Hana Dvořáková
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Vít Latzel
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
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27
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Williams LJ, Butler EE, Cavender-Bares J, Stefanski A, Rice KE, Messier C, Paquette A, Reich PB. Enhanced light interception and light use efficiency explain overyielding in young tree communities. Ecol Lett 2021; 24:996-1006. [PMID: 33657676 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Diverse plant communities are often more productive than mono-specific ones. Several possible mechanisms underlie this phenomenon but their relative importance remains unknown. Here we investigated whether light interception alone or in combination with light use efficiency (LUE) of dominant and subordinate species explained greater productivity of mixtures relative to monocultures (i.e. overyielding) in 108 young experimental tree communities. We found mixed-species communities that intercepted more light than their corresponding monocultures had 84% probability of overyielding. Enhanced LUE, which arose via several pathways, also mattered: the probability of overyielding was 71% when, in a mixture, species with higher 'inherent' LUE (i.e. LUE in monoculture) intercepted more light than species with lower LUE; 94% when dominant species increased their LUE in mixture; and 79% when subordinate species increased their LUE. Our results suggest that greater light interception and greater LUE, generated by inter and intraspecific variation, together drive overyielding in mixed-species forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Williams
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA.,Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Ethan E Butler
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Jeannine Cavender-Bares
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Artur Stefanski
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Karen E Rice
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA.,Extension Education, University of Florida, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33314, USA
| | - Christian Messier
- Centre for Forest Research, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada.,Institut des sciences de la forêt tempérée, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Ripon, QC, J0V 1V0, Canada
| | - Alain Paquette
- Centre for Forest Research, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Peter B Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA.,Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2753, Australia
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28
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van der Plas F, Schröder-Georgi T, Weigelt A, Barry K, Meyer S, Alzate A, Barnard RL, Buchmann N, de Kroon H, Ebeling A, Eisenhauer N, Engels C, Fischer M, Gleixner G, Hildebrandt A, Koller-France E, Leimer S, Milcu A, Mommer L, Niklaus PA, Oelmann Y, Roscher C, Scherber C, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Scheu S, Schmid B, Schulze ED, Temperton V, Tscharntke T, Voigt W, Weisser W, Wilcke W, Wirth C. Plant traits alone are poor predictors of ecosystem properties and long-term ecosystem functioning. Nat Ecol Evol 2020; 4:1602-1611. [PMID: 33020598 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-020-01316-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Earth is home to over 350,000 vascular plant species that differ in their traits in innumerable ways. A key challenge is to predict how natural or anthropogenically driven changes in the identity, abundance and diversity of co-occurring plant species drive important ecosystem-level properties such as biomass production or carbon storage. Here, we analyse the extent to which 42 different ecosystem properties can be predicted by 41 plant traits in 78 experimentally manipulated grassland plots over 10 years. Despite the unprecedented number of traits analysed, the average percentage of variation in ecosystem properties jointly explained was only moderate (32.6%) within individual years, and even much lower (12.7%) across years. Most other studies linking ecosystem properties to plant traits analysed no more than six traits and, when including only six traits in our analysis, the average percentage of variation explained in across-year levels of ecosystem properties dropped to 4.8%. Furthermore, we found on average only 12.2% overlap in significant predictors among ecosystem properties, indicating that a small set of key traits able to explain multiple ecosystem properties does not exist. Our results therefore suggest that there are specific limits to the extent to which traits per se can predict the long-term functional consequences of biodiversity change, so that data on additional drivers, such as interacting abiotic factors, may be required to improve predictions of ecosystem property levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fons van der Plas
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Life Science, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Thomas Schröder-Georgi
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Life Science, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexandra Weigelt
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Life Science, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kathryn Barry
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Life Science, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Meyer
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Adriana Alzate
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Romain L Barnard
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, Université Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | | | - Hans de Kroon
- Department of Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Anne Ebeling
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Markus Fischer
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gerd Gleixner
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Anke Hildebrandt
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany.,Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Sophia Leimer
- Institute of Geography and Geoecology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alexandru Milcu
- Ecotron Européen de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Montferrier-sur-Lez, France.,Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, CNRS-Université de Montpellier-Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier-EPHE, Montpellier, France
| | - Liesje Mommer
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Pascal A Niklaus
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Christiane Roscher
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Physiological Diversity, UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph Scherber
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Centre for Biodiversity Monitoring, Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Scheu
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, Animal Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schmid
- Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Vicky Temperton
- Leuphana University Lüneburg, Institute of Ecology, Universitätsallee 1, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Teja Tscharntke
- Agroecology, Dept. of Crop Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Winfried Voigt
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Weisser
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wilcke
- Institute of Geography and Geoecology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christian Wirth
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Life Science, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
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29
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Williams LJ, Cavender-Bares J, Townsend PA, Couture JJ, Wang Z, Stefanski A, Messier C, Reich PB. Remote spectral detection of biodiversity effects on forest biomass. Nat Ecol Evol 2020; 5:46-54. [PMID: 33139920 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-020-01329-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Quantifying how biodiversity affects ecosystem functions through time over large spatial extents is needed for meeting global biodiversity goals yet is infeasible with field-based approaches alone. Imaging spectroscopy is a tool with potential to help address this challenge. Here, we demonstrate a spectral approach to assess biodiversity effects in young forests that provides insight into its underlying drivers. Using airborne imaging of a tree-diversity experiment, spectral differences among stands enabled us to quantify net biodiversity effects on stem biomass and canopy nitrogen. By subsequently partitioning these effects, we reveal how distinct processes contribute to diversity-induced differences in stand-level spectra, chemistry and biomass. Across stands, biomass overyielding was best explained by species with greater leaf nitrogen dominating upper canopies in mixtures, rather than intraspecific shifts in canopy structure or chemistry. Remote imaging spectroscopy may help to detect the form and drivers of biodiversity-ecosystem function relationships across space and time, advancing the capacity to monitor and manage Earth's ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Williams
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA. .,Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA.
| | | | - Philip A Townsend
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - John J Couture
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Zhihui Wang
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Artur Stefanski
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA
| | - Christian Messier
- Centre for Forest Research, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Institut des sciences de la forêt tempérée, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Ripon, Quebec, Canada
| | - Peter B Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA.,Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
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30
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Functional-structural plant models to boost understanding of complementarity in light capture and use in mixed-species forests. Basic Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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31
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Xu Y, Zhang Y, Shi M, Lu Z. Environmental variation, functional diversity and identity predicting community biomass in an old-growth subtropical broad-leaved forest. Glob Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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32
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Bongers FJ, Schmid B, Durka W, Li S, Bruelheide H, Hahn CZ, Yan H, Ma K, Liu X. Genetic richness affects trait variation but not community productivity in a tree diversity experiment. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 227:744-756. [PMID: 32242938 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biodiversity-ecosystem functioning experiments found that productivity generally increases with species richness, but less is known about effects of within-species genetic richness and potential interactions between the two. While functional differences between species can explain species richness effects, empirical evidence regarding functional differences between genotypes within species and potential consequences for productivity is largely lacking. We therefore measured within- and among-species variation in functional traits and growth and determined stand-level tree biomass in a large forest experiment factorially manipulating species and genetic richness in subtropical China. Within-species variation across genetic seed families, in addition to variation across species, explained a substantial amount of trait variation. Furthermore, trait responses to species and genetic richness varied significantly within and between species. Multivariate trait variation was larger among individuals from species mixtures than those from species monocultures, but similar among individuals from genetically diverse vs genetically uniform monocultures. Correspondingly, species but not genetic richness had a positive effect on stand-level tree biomass. We argue that identifying functional diversity within and among species in forest communities is necessary to separate effects of species and genetic diversity on tree growth and community productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franca J Bongers
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093, Beijing, China
| | - Bernhard Schmid
- Department of Geography, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Walter Durka
- Department of Community Ecology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06120, Halle, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Shan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093, Beijing, China
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06108, Halle, Germany
| | - Christoph Z Hahn
- Department of Community Ecology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06120, Halle, Germany
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Haoru Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Keping Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093, Beijing, China
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33
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Yue Q, Hao M, Li X, Zhang C, von Gadow K, Zhao X. Assessing biotic and abiotic effects on forest productivity in three temperate forests. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:7887-7900. [PMID: 32760572 PMCID: PMC7391343 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well understood that biotic and abiotic variables influence forest productivity. However, in regard to temperate forests, the relative contributions of the aforementioned drivers to biomass demographic processes (i.e., the growth rates of the survivors and recruits) have not received a great deal of attention. Thus, this study focused on the identification of the relative influencing effects of biotic and abiotic variables in the demographic biomass processes of temperate forests.This study was conducted in the Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve, in northeastern China. Based on the observational data collected from three 5.2-hectare forest plots, the annual above-ground biomass (AGB) increment (productivity) of the surviving trees, recruits, and the total tree community (survivors + recruits) were estimated. Then, the changes in the forest productivity in response to biotic variables (including species diversity, structural diversity, and density variables) along with abiotic variables (including topographic and soil variables) were evaluated using linear mixed-effect models.This study determined that the biotic variables regulated the variabilities in productivity. Density variables were the most critical drivers of the annual AGB increments of the surviving trees and total tree community. Structural diversity enhanced the annual AGB increments of the recruits, but diminished the annual AGB increments of the surviving trees and the total tree community. Species diversity and abiotic variables did not have impacts on the productivity in the examined forest plots.The results highlighted the important roles of forest density and structural diversity in the biomass demographic processes of temperate forests. The surviving and recruit trees were found to respond differently to the biotic variables, which suggested that the asymmetric competition had shaped the productivity dynamics in forests. Therefore, the findings emphasized the need to consider the demographic processes of forest productivity to better understand the functions of forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingmin Yue
- Research Center of Forest Management Engineering of State Forestry and Grassland AdministrationBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Minhui Hao
- Research Center of Forest Management Engineering of State Forestry and Grassland AdministrationBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Research Center of Forest Management Engineering of State Forestry and Grassland AdministrationBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- Research Center of Forest Management Engineering of State Forestry and Grassland AdministrationBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Klaus von Gadow
- Faculty of Forestry and Forest EcologyGeorg‐August‐UniversityGöttingenGermany
- Faculty of AgriSciencesStellenbosch UniversityMatielandSouth Africa
| | - Xiuhai Zhao
- Research Center of Forest Management Engineering of State Forestry and Grassland AdministrationBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
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Wang C, Wei M, Wang S, Wu B, Cheng H. Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. and Solidago canadensis L. antagonistically affect community stability and community invasibility under the co-invasion condition. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 716:137128. [PMID: 32045766 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The successful invasion of one invasive alien plant (IAP) can generate a favorable habitat in the invaded communities that beneficial to the successful invasion of the subsequent IAP. Advanced variations in the species number of IAP have the potential to alter the functional similarity and dissimilarity between IAP and co-existing native plant species (NPS), plant taxonomic diversity, plant functional diversity, community stability, and community invasibility. This study aims to evaluate the effects of the co-invasion of two notorious IAP, Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. and Solidago canadensis L., on the functional similarity and dissimilarity between IAP and co-existing NPS, plant taxonomic diversity, plant functional diversity, community stability, and community invasibility in East China by using a comparative study. Results presented that: (I) IAP and co-existing NPS tend to converge functionally under E. annuus invasion and the functional similarity between IAP and co-existing NPS under E. annuus invasion supports the habitat filtering; (II) IAP and co-existing NPS tend to diverge functionally under S. canadensis invasion and the co-invasion condition and the functional dissimilarity between IAP and co-existing NPS under S. canadensis invasion and the co-invasion condition supports the niche differentiation; (III) plant taxonomic diversity was dramatically reduced under invasion condition, especially under S. canadensis invasion; (IV) Mason's α functional diversity was remarkably elevated under S. canadensis invasion and the co-invasion condition; (V) E. annuus and S. canadensis antagonistically affect community stability and community invasibility under the co-invasion condition compared with their independent invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congyan Wang
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
| | - Mei Wei
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Shu Wang
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Bingde Wu
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Huiyuan Cheng
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
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35
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Huang M, Liu X, Cadotte MW, Zhou S. Functional and phylogenetic diversity explain different components of diversity effects on biomass production. OIKOS 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.07032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengjiao Huang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary, Shanghai Inst. of Eco‐Chongming (SIEC), and School of Life Sciences, Fudan Univ. 2005 Songhu Road CN‐200438 Shanghai PR China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary, Shanghai Inst. of Eco‐Chongming (SIEC), and School of Life Sciences, Fudan Univ. 2005 Songhu Road CN‐200438 Shanghai PR China
| | - Marc W. Cadotte
- Dept of Biological Sciences, Univ. of Toronto‐Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada, and: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Univ. of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
| | - Shurong Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary, Shanghai Inst. of Eco‐Chongming (SIEC), and School of Life Sciences, Fudan Univ. 2005 Songhu Road CN‐200438 Shanghai PR China
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Tree Neighbourhood Diversity Has Negligible Effects on Drought Resilience of European Beech, Silver Fir and Norway Spruce. Ecosystems 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-020-00501-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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37
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Luo S, Schmid B, Wagg C, Chen Y, Jiang B, Liang M, Liu X, Yu S. Community‐wide trait means and variations affect biomass in a biodiversity experiment with tree seedlings. OIKOS 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.07273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Luo
- Dept of Ecology, School of Life Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat‐sen Univ. CN‐510275 Guangzhou PR China
| | | | - Cameron Wagg
- Dept of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, Univ. of Zürich Zürich Switzerland
| | - Yuxin Chen
- Dept of Ecology, School of Life Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat‐sen Univ. CN‐510275 Guangzhou PR China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Dept of Ecology, School of Life Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat‐sen Univ. CN‐510275 Guangzhou PR China
| | - Minxia Liang
- Dept of Ecology, School of Life Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat‐sen Univ. CN‐510275 Guangzhou PR China
| | - Xubing Liu
- Dept of Ecology, School of Life Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat‐sen Univ. CN‐510275 Guangzhou PR China
| | - Shixiao Yu
- Dept of Ecology, School of Life Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat‐sen Univ. CN‐510275 Guangzhou PR China
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Chen X, Chen HYH, Chen C, Ma Z, Searle EB, Yu Z, Huang Z. Effects of plant diversity on soil carbon in diverse ecosystems: a global meta-analysis. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 95:167-183. [PMID: 31625247 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a valuable resource for mediating global climate change and securing food production. Despite an alarming rate of global plant diversity loss, uncertainties concerning the effects of plant diversity on SOC remain, because plant diversity not only stimulates litter inputs via increased productivity, thus enhancing SOC, but also stimulates microbial respiration, thus reducing SOC. By analysing 1001 paired observations of plant mixtures and corresponding monocultures from 121 publications, we show that both SOC content and stock are on average 5 and 8% higher in species mixtures than in monocultures. These positive mixture effects increase over time and are more pronounced in deeper soils. Microbial biomass carbon, an indicator of SOC release and formation, also increases, but the proportion of microbial biomass carbon in SOC is lower in mixtures. Moreover, these species-mixture effects are consistent across forest, grassland, and cropland systems and are independent of background climates. Our results indicate that converting 50% of global forests from mixtures to monocultures would release an average of 2.70 Pg C from soil annually over a period of 20 years: about 30% of global annual fossil-fuel emissions. Our study highlights the importance of plant diversity preservation for the maintenance of soil carbon sequestration in discussions of global climate change policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Chen
- Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Han Y H Chen
- Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada.,Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, 32 Shangshan Rd, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Zilong Ma
- Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Eric B Searle
- Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Zaipeng Yu
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, 32 Shangshan Rd, Fuzhou, 350007, China.,Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, 32 Shangshan Rd, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Zhiqun Huang
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, 32 Shangshan Rd, Fuzhou, 350007, China.,Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, 32 Shangshan Rd, Fuzhou, 350007, China
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Gottschall F, Davids S, Newiger‐Dous TE, Auge H, Cesarz S, Eisenhauer N. Tree species identity determines wood decomposition via microclimatic effects. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:12113-12127. [PMID: 31832147 PMCID: PMC6854332 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Empirical evidence suggests that the rich set of ecosystem functions and nature's contributions to people provided by forests depends on tree diversity. Biodiversity-ecosystem functioning research revealed that not only species richness per se but also other facets of tree diversity, such as tree identity, have to be considered to understand the underlying mechanisms. One important ecosystem function in forests is the decomposition of deadwood that plays a vital role in carbon and nutrient cycling and is assumed to be determined by above- and belowground interactions. However, the actual influence of tree diversity on wood decay in forests remains inconclusive. Recent studies suggest an important role of microclimate and advocate a systematical consideration of small-scale environmental conditions. We studied the influence of tree species richness, tree species identity, and microclimatic conditions on wood decomposition in a 12-year-old tree diversity experiment in Germany, containing six native species within a tree species richness gradient. We assessed wood mass loss, soil microbial properties, and soil surface temperature in high temporal resolution. Our study shows a significant influence of tree species identity on all three variables. The presence of Scots pine strongly increased wood mass loss, while the presence of Norway spruce decreased it. This could be attributed to structural differences in the litter layer that were modifying the capability of plots to hold the soil surface temperature at night, consequently leading to enhanced decomposition rates in plots with higher nighttime surface temperatures. Therefore, our study confirmed the critical role of microclimate for wood decomposition in forests and showed that soil microbial properties alone were not sufficient to predict wood decay. We conclude that tree diversity effects on ecosystem functions may include different biodiversity facets, such as tree identity, tree traits, and functional and structural diversity, in influencing the abiotic and biotic soil properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Gottschall
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of BiologyLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
| | - Sophie Davids
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of BiologyLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
| | - Till E. Newiger‐Dous
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of BiologyLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
| | - Harald Auge
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Department of Community EcologyHelmholtz‐Centre for Environmental Research – UFZHalleGermany
| | - Simone Cesarz
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of BiologyLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of BiologyLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
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40
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Kunz M, Fichtner A, Härdtle W, Raumonen P, Bruelheide H, von Oheimb G. Neighbour species richness and local structural variability modulate aboveground allocation patterns and crown morphology of individual trees. Ecol Lett 2019; 22:2130-2140. [PMID: 31625279 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Local neighbourhood interactions are considered a main driver for biodiversity-productivity relationships in forests. Yet, the structural responses of individual trees in species mixtures and their relation to crown complementarity remain poorly understood. Using a large-scale forest experiment, we studied the impact of local tree species richness and structural variability on above-ground wood volume allocation patterns and crown morphology. We applied terrestrial laser scanning to capture the three-dimensional structure of trees and their temporal dynamics. We found that crown complementarity and crown plasticity increased with species richness. Trees growing in species-rich neighbourhoods showed enhanced aboveground wood volume both in trunks and branches. Over time, neighbourhood diversity induced shifts in wood volume allocation in favour of branches, in particular for morphologically flexible species. Our results demonstrate that diversity-mediated shifts in allocation pattern and crown morphology are a fundamental mechanism for crown complementarity and may be an important driver of overyielding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Kunz
- Institute of General Ecology and Environmental Protection, Technische Universität Dresden, PF 1117, 01735, Tharandt, Germany
| | - Andreas Fichtner
- Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1, 21335, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Werner Härdtle
- Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1, 21335, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Pasi Raumonen
- Department of Mathematics, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle- Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, 06108, Halle, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5E, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Goddert von Oheimb
- Institute of General Ecology and Environmental Protection, Technische Universität Dresden, PF 1117, 01735, Tharandt, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5E, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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41
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Chen C, Chen HYH, Chen X. Functional diversity enhances, but exploitative traits reduce tree mixture effects on microbial biomass. Funct Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Faculty of Natural Resources Management Lakehead University Thunder Bay ON Canada
| | - Han Y. H. Chen
- Faculty of Natural Resources Management Lakehead University Thunder Bay ON Canada
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco‐geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education Fujian Normal University Fuzhou China
| | - Xinli Chen
- Faculty of Natural Resources Management Lakehead University Thunder Bay ON Canada
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42
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Kambach S, Allan E, Bilodeau‐Gauthier S, Coomes DA, Haase J, Jucker T, Kunstler G, Müller S, Nock C, Paquette A, van der Plas F, Ratcliffe S, Roger F, Ruiz‐Benito P, Scherer‐Lorenzen M, Auge H, Bouriaud O, Castagneyrol B, Dahlgren J, Gamfeldt L, Jactel H, Kändler G, Koricheva J, Lehtonen A, Muys B, Ponette Q, Setiawan N, Van de Peer T, Verheyen K, Zavala MA, Bruelheide H. How do trees respond to species mixing in experimental compared to observational studies? Ecol Evol 2019; 9:11254-11265. [PMID: 31641470 PMCID: PMC6802375 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, ecologists have investigated the effects of tree species diversity on tree productivity at different scales and with different approaches ranging from observational to experimental study designs. Using data from five European national forest inventories (16,773 plots), six tree species diversity experiments (584 plots), and six networks of comparative plots (169 plots), we tested whether tree species growth responses to species mixing are consistent and therefore transferrable between those different research approaches. Our results confirm the general positive effect of tree species mixing on species growth (16% on average) but we found no consistency in species-specific responses to mixing between any of the three approaches, even after restricting comparisons to only those plots that shared similar mixtures compositions and forest types. These findings highlight the necessity to consider results from different research approaches when selecting species mixtures that should maximize positive forest biodiversity and functioning relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Kambach
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical GardenMartin Luther University Halle‐WittenbergHalleGermany
- Department of Community EcologyHelmholtz‐Centre for Environmental Research - UFZHalleGermany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Eric Allan
- Institute of Plant SciencesUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Centre for Development and EnvironmentUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Simon Bilodeau‐Gauthier
- Direction de la Recherche Forestière (DRF)Ministry of Forests, Wildlife and ParksQuébec CityQCCanada
| | - David A. Coomes
- Forest Ecology and Conservation GroupDepartment of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Josephine Haase
- GeobotanyFaculty of BiologyUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceInstitute for Terrestrial EcosystemsETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Tommaso Jucker
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | | | - Sandra Müller
- GeobotanyFaculty of BiologyUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Charles Nock
- GeobotanyFaculty of BiologyUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Alain Paquette
- Centre for Forest Research (CEF)Université du Québec à MontréalMontréalQCCanada
| | - Fons van der Plas
- Department of Systematic Botany and Functional BiodiversityInstitute of BiologyLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
| | - Sophia Ratcliffe
- Department of Systematic Botany and Functional BiodiversityInstitute of BiologyLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
- NBN Trust: Unit FNottinghamUK
| | - Fabian Roger
- Centre for Environmental and Climate ResearchLund University, EkologihusetLundSweden
| | - Paloma Ruiz‐Benito
- Forest Ecology and Restoration GroupDepartment of Life SciencesUniversidad de AlcaláAlcalá de HenaresMadridSpain
- Department of Biology and Geology, Physics and Inorganic ChemistryEscuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y TecnologíaUniversidad Rey Juan CarlosMóstolesMadridSpain
| | | | - Harald Auge
- Department of Community EcologyHelmholtz‐Centre for Environmental Research - UFZHalleGermany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Olivier Bouriaud
- University Stefan cel Mare of SuceavaSuceavaRomania
- Laboratory of Forest InventoryNational Institute of Geographic and Forest Information (IGN)NancyFrance
| | | | | | - Lars Gamfeldt
- Department of Marine SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | | | - Gerald Kändler
- Forest Research Institute Baden‐WurttembergFreiburgGermany
| | - Julia Koricheva
- School of Biological SciencesRoyal Holloway University of LondonEghamUK
| | | | - Bart Muys
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Quentin Ponette
- Earth and Life InstituteEnvironmental SciencesUniversité catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain)Louvain‐la‐NeuveBelgium
| | - Nuri Setiawan
- Forest & Nature LabDepartment of EnvironmentGhent UniversityGontrodeBelgium
| | - Thomas Van de Peer
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Forest & Nature LabDepartment of EnvironmentGhent UniversityGontrodeBelgium
| | - Kris Verheyen
- Forest & Nature LabDepartment of EnvironmentGhent UniversityGontrodeBelgium
| | - Miguel A. Zavala
- Forest Ecology and Restoration GroupDepartment of Life SciencesUniversidad de AlcaláAlcalá de HenaresMadridSpain
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical GardenMartin Luther University Halle‐WittenbergHalleGermany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
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43
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Managing Mixed Stands: Reassessing a Forgotten Stand Type in the Southeastern United States. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10090751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Forestry in the Southeastern United States has long focused on converting natural stands into pine plantations or managing exclusively for hardwoods. Little consideration has been given to managing stands containing pine and hardwood mixtures, as these stands were considered inferior in terms of productivity and/or quality. Recent declines in small-diameter softwood markets and logging workforce have, however, begun to stress the traditional pine production model in some locations, raising interest in management alternatives. Here, we provide biological, economic, and sociocultural rationale for pine-hardwood mixtures as an alternative strategy for landowners with multiple management objectives. To support this idea, an illustration compares a mixed-species plantation to pine and hardwood monocultures under a variety of simulated scenarios to demonstrate growth potential and economic and biological resilience. Moreover, to identify scenarios where managing pine-hardwood mixtures would be most appropriate, and to help conceptualize landowner interest in mixed stands, we present a guide combining biological, economic, and sociocultural factors that we anticipate influencing the adoption of mixed-stand management. The aim of this conceptual paper is not to suggest that mixed-species stand management should become the dominant management paradigm; rather, we seek to encourage researchers and land managers to consider it as part of the broader silvicultural toolbox.
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44
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Zemp DC, Gérard A, Hölscher D, Ammer C, Irawan B, Sundawati L, Teuscher M, Kreft H. Tree performance in a biodiversity enrichment experiment in an oil palm landscape. J Appl Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Clara Zemp
- University of Goettingen, Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography Göttingen Germany
| | - Anne Gérard
- University of Goettingen, Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography Göttingen Germany
| | - Dirk Hölscher
- University of Goettingen, Tropical Silviculture and Forest Ecology Göttingen Germany
- University of Goettingen, Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use Göttingen Germany
| | - Christian Ammer
- University of Goettingen, Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use Göttingen Germany
- University of Goettingen, Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones Göttingen Germany
| | | | - Leti Sundawati
- Department of Forest Management, Faculty of Forestry Bogor Agricultural University Bogor Indonesia
| | - Miriam Teuscher
- Department of Systemic Conservation Biology, J.F. Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and Anthropology University of Goettingen Göttingen Germany
- Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre BiK‐F Frankfurt Germany
| | - Holger Kreft
- University of Goettingen, Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography Göttingen Germany
- University of Goettingen, Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use Göttingen Germany
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45
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Avolio ML, Forrestel EJ, Chang CC, La Pierre KJ, Burghardt KT, Smith MD. Demystifying dominant species. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 223:1106-1126. [PMID: 30868589 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The pattern of a few abundant species and many rarer species is a defining characteristic of communities worldwide. These abundant species are often referred to as dominant species. Yet, despite their importance, the term dominant species is poorly defined and often used to convey different information by different authors. Based on a review of historical and contemporary definitions we develop a synthetic definition of dominant species. This definition incorporates the relative local abundance of a species, its ubiquity across the landscape, and its impact on community and ecosystem properties. A meta-analysis of removal studies shows that the loss of species identified as dominant by authors can significantly impact ecosystem functioning and community structure. We recommend two metrics that can be used jointly to identify dominant species in a given community and provide a roadmap for future avenues of research on dominant species. In our review, we make the case that the identity and effects of dominant species on their environments are key to linking patterns of diversity to ecosystem function, including predicting impacts of species loss and other aspects of global change on ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan L Avolio
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21211, USA
| | - Elisabeth J Forrestel
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Cynthia C Chang
- Division of Biology, University of Washington Bothell, 18807 Beardslee Blvd, Bothell, WA, 98011, USA
| | - Kimberly J La Pierre
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 647 Contees Wharf Road, Edgewater, MD, 21037, USA
| | - Karin T Burghardt
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Melinda D Smith
- Department of Biology, Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
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Interactions between Climate and Nutrient Cycles on Forest Response to Global Change: The Role of Mixed Forests. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10080609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Forest ecosystems are undergoing unprecedented changes in environmental conditions due to global change impacts. Modification of global biogeochemical cycles of carbon and nitrogen, and the subsequent climate change are affecting forest functions at different scales, from physiology and growth of individual trees to cycling of nutrients. This review summarizes the present knowledge regarding the impact of global change on forest functioning not only with respect to climate change, which is the focus of most studies, but also the influence of altered nitrogen cycle and the interactions among them. The carbon dioxide (CO2) fertilization effect on tree growth is expected to be constrained by nutrient imbalances resulting from high N deposition rates and the counteractive effect of increasing water deficit, which interact in a complex way. At the community level, responses to global change are modified by species interactions that may lead to competition for resources and/or relaxation due to facilitation and resource partitioning processes. Thus, some species mixtures can be more resistant to drought than their respective pure forests, albeit it depends on environmental conditions and species’ functional traits. Climate change and nitrogen deposition have additional impacts on litterfall dynamics, and subsequent decomposition and nutrient mineralization processes. Elemental ratios (i.e., stoichiometry) are associated with important ecosystem traits, including trees’ adaptability to stress or decomposition rates. As stoichiometry of different ecosystem components are also influenced by global change, nutrient cycling in forests will be altered too. Therefore, a re-assessment of traditional forest management is needed in order to cope with global change. Proposed silvicultural systems emphasize the key role of diversity to assure multiple ecosystem services, and special attention has been paid to mixed-species forests. Finally, a summary of the patterns and underlying mechanisms governing the relationships between diversity and different ecosystems functions, such as productivity and stability, is provided.
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Noreika N, Helm A, Öpik M, Jairus T, Vasar M, Reier Ü, Kook E, Riibak K, Kasari L, Tullus H, Tullus T, Lutter R, Oja E, Saag A, Randlane T, Pärtel M. Forest biomass, soil and biodiversity relationships originate from biogeographic affinity and direct ecological effects. OIKOS 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.06693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Norbertas Noreika
- Inst. of Ecology and Earth Sciences, Univ. of Tartu Lai 40 EE‐51005 Tartu Estonia
- Dept of Ecology, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
| | - Aveliina Helm
- Inst. of Ecology and Earth Sciences, Univ. of Tartu Lai 40 EE‐51005 Tartu Estonia
| | - Maarja Öpik
- Inst. of Ecology and Earth Sciences, Univ. of Tartu Lai 40 EE‐51005 Tartu Estonia
| | - Teele Jairus
- Inst. of Ecology and Earth Sciences, Univ. of Tartu Lai 40 EE‐51005 Tartu Estonia
| | - Martti Vasar
- Inst. of Ecology and Earth Sciences, Univ. of Tartu Lai 40 EE‐51005 Tartu Estonia
| | - Ülle Reier
- Inst. of Ecology and Earth Sciences, Univ. of Tartu Lai 40 EE‐51005 Tartu Estonia
| | - Ene Kook
- Inst. of Ecology and Earth Sciences, Univ. of Tartu Lai 40 EE‐51005 Tartu Estonia
| | - Kersti Riibak
- Inst. of Ecology and Earth Sciences, Univ. of Tartu Lai 40 EE‐51005 Tartu Estonia
| | - Liis Kasari
- Inst. of Ecology and Earth Sciences, Univ. of Tartu Lai 40 EE‐51005 Tartu Estonia
| | - Hardi Tullus
- Inst. of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Estonian Univ. of Life Sciences Tartu Estonia
| | - Tea Tullus
- Inst. of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Estonian Univ. of Life Sciences Tartu Estonia
| | - Reimo Lutter
- Inst. of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Estonian Univ. of Life Sciences Tartu Estonia
| | - Ede Oja
- Inst. of Ecology and Earth Sciences, Univ. of Tartu Lai 40 EE‐51005 Tartu Estonia
| | - Andres Saag
- Inst. of Ecology and Earth Sciences, Univ. of Tartu Lai 40 EE‐51005 Tartu Estonia
| | - Tiina Randlane
- Inst. of Ecology and Earth Sciences, Univ. of Tartu Lai 40 EE‐51005 Tartu Estonia
| | - Meelis Pärtel
- Inst. of Ecology and Earth Sciences, Univ. of Tartu Lai 40 EE‐51005 Tartu Estonia
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Wu B, Zhang H, Jiang K, Zhou J, Wang C. Erigeron canadensis
affects the taxonomic and functional diversity of plant communities in two climate zones in the North of China. Ecol Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bingde Wu
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security & School of the Environment and Safety Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Huanshi Zhang
- Institute of Biochemical and Microbial Applications Nanjing Institute for Comprehensive Utilization of Wild Plants Nanjing China
| | - Kun Jiang
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security & School of the Environment and Safety Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Jiawei Zhou
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security & School of the Environment and Safety Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
- School of the Environment Nanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Congyan Wang
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security & School of the Environment and Safety Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing China
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Bruneau B, Julien-Marsollier F, Bevilacqua V, Michelet D, Dahmani S. Postoperative tramadol administration at home after ambulatory surgery in children. Paediatr Anaesth 2019; 29:663-665. [PMID: 30908784 DOI: 10.1111/pan.13634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice Bruneau
- Department of Anesthesia, Intensive care and Pain Management, AP-HP, Robert Debré University Hospital, Paris, France.,Paris Diderot University (Paris 7), Pres Paris Sorbonne Cité, Paris, France.,DHU PROTECT, RobertDebré University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Florence Julien-Marsollier
- Department of Anesthesia, Intensive care and Pain Management, AP-HP, Robert Debré University Hospital, Paris, France.,Paris Diderot University (Paris 7), Pres Paris Sorbonne Cité, Paris, France.,DHU PROTECT, RobertDebré University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Bevilacqua
- Department of Anesthesia, Intensive care and Pain Management, AP-HP, Robert Debré University Hospital, Paris, France.,Paris Diderot University (Paris 7), Pres Paris Sorbonne Cité, Paris, France.,DHU PROTECT, RobertDebré University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Daphné Michelet
- Department of Anesthesia, Intensive care and Pain Management, AP-HP, Robert Debré University Hospital, Paris, France.,Paris Diderot University (Paris 7), Pres Paris Sorbonne Cité, Paris, France.,DHU PROTECT, RobertDebré University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Souhayl Dahmani
- Department of Anesthesia, Intensive care and Pain Management, AP-HP, Robert Debré University Hospital, Paris, France.,Paris Diderot University (Paris 7), Pres Paris Sorbonne Cité, Paris, France.,DHU PROTECT, RobertDebré University Hospital, Paris, France
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