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Ma LL, Seibold S, Cadotte MW, Zou JY, Song J, Mo ZQ, Tan SL, Ye LJ, Zheng W, Burgess KS, Chen ZF, Liu DT, Yang XL, Shi XC, Zhao W, Liu J, Li DZ, Gao LM, Luo YH. Niche convergence and biogeographic history shape elevational tree community assembly in a subtropical mountain forest. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 935:173343. [PMID: 38777069 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Niche convergence or conservatism have been proposed as essential mechanisms underlying elevational plant community assembly in tropical mountain ecosystems. Subtropical mountains, compared to tropical mountains, are likely to be shaped by a mixing of different geographic affinities of species and remain somehow unclear. Here, we used 31 0.1-ha permanent plots distributed in subtropical forests on the eastern and western aspects of the Gaoligong Mountains, southwest China between 1498 m and 3204 m a.sl. to evaluate how niche-based and biogeographic processes shape tree community assembly along elevational gradients. We analyzed the elevational patterns of taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity, as well as of individual traits, and assessed the relative importance of environmental effects on these diversity measures. We then classified tree species as being either tropical affiliated or temperate affiliated and estimated their contribution to the composition of biogeographic affinities. Species richness decreased with elevation, and species composition showed apparent turnover across the aspects and elevations. Most traits exhibited convergent patterns across the entire elevational gradient. Phylogenetic and functional diversity showed opposing patterns, with phylogenetic diversity increasing and functional diversity decreasing with elevation. Soil nutrients, especially phosphorus and nitrogen, appeared to be the main abiotic variables driving the elevational diversity patterns. Communities at lower elevations were occupied by tropical genera, while highlands contained species of tropical and temperate biogeographic affinities. Moreover, the high phylogenetic diversity at high elevations were likely due to differences in evolutionary history between temperate and tropical species. Our results highlight the importance of niche convergence of tropical species and the legacy of biogeographic history on the composition and structure of subtropical mountain forests. Furthermore, limited soil phosphorus caused traits divergence and the partitioning for different forms of phosphorus may explain the high biodiversity found in phosphorus-limited subtropical forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Liang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China; Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sebastian Seibold
- TUD Dresden University of Technology, Forest Zoology, Tharandt, Germany
| | - Marc W Cadotte
- Biological Sciences, University of Toronto-Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jia-Yun Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China; TUD Dresden University of Technology, Forest Zoology, Tharandt, Germany; Ecosystem Dynamics and Forest Management Research Group, Department for Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Jie Song
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Qiong Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shao-Lin Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Lin-Jiang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Kevin S Burgess
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Columbus, GA, USA
| | - Zhi-Fa Chen
- Kunming Botanical Garden, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - De-Tuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory for Integrative Conservation of Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Xing-Liang Yang
- Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve Baoshan Bureau, Baoshan, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Shi
- Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve Baoshan Bureau, Baoshan, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve Baoshan Bureau, Baoshan, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.
| | - De-Zhu Li
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Lijiang Forest Biodiversity National Observation and Research Station, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lijiang, China
| | - Lian-Ming Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China; Lijiang Forest Biodiversity National Observation and Research Station, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lijiang, China.
| | - Ya-Huang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China; Lijiang Forest Biodiversity National Observation and Research Station, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lijiang, China.
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de Mars H, van Dijk G, van der Weijden B, Grootjans AP, Wołejko L, Farr G, Graham J, Oosterlynck P, Smolders AJP. The threat of groundwater pollution for petrifying springs; defining nutrient threshold values for an endangered bryophyte dominated habitat. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 344:123324. [PMID: 38237849 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Eutrophication by human activities is increasingly affecting ecosystem functioning and plant community composition. So far, studies mainly focus on the effects of atmospheric nitrogen deposition, surface water eutrophication or soil nutrient accumulation. Groundwater pollution of spring habitats, however, has received much less attention, although numerous papers report groundwater nutrient enrichment worldwide. This study presents a survey on groundwater pollution (with emphasis on nitrate and phosphate) and bryophyte composition in 51 ambient petrifying springs in 5 NW European countries, which were compared to published data from 173 other sites in 11 European countries. The reviewed dataset covers a broad range of unpolluted to heavily polluted springs with nitrate concentrations between 0.7 and 3227 μmol l-1. Most petrifying springs in the rural lowlands of NW Europe were found to have elevated concentrations of nitrate and phosphate with the most polluted springs occurring in The Netherlands. The cover of individual characteristic bryophyte species significantly correlates with groundwater nutrient concentrations indicating that nutrient pollution of spring waters affects bryophyte composition. Palustriella commutata, Eucladium verticillatum and Brachythecium rivulare prefer unpolluted petrifying springs whereas Cratoneuron filicinum and Pellia endiviifolia show a much broader tolerance to groundwater pollution. In order to sustain at least the basic conditions for the typical bryophyte composition of petrifying springs habitats, threshold values of 288 μmol (18 mg l-1) NO3- l-1 and 0.42 μmol (0.04 mg l-1) ortho-PO43- l-1 were defined. Data analysis of the spring water composition indicates that the main source for nutrient and nutrient induced base cation enrichment are nitrate losses from intensively used agricultural fields. The anthropogenically induced but regionally different chemical processes in subsoil and aquifers can result in different levels of nutrient pollution in springs. Further regulations for nitrate and phosphate application are required to conserve and restore groundwater fed ecosystems in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans de Mars
- Royal HaskoningDHV, P.O. Box 302, 6199 ZN, Maastricht-Airport, the Netherlands
| | - Gijs van Dijk
- B-WARE Research Centre, Radboud University, P.O. Box 6558, 6503 GB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Bas van der Weijden
- Royal HaskoningDHV, P.O. Box 302, 6199 ZN, Maastricht-Airport, the Netherlands
| | - Ab P Grootjans
- Integrated Research on Energy, Environmental and Society, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh, 6, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lesław Wołejko
- West Pomeranian University of Technology, ul. Slowackiego 17, 71-434, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Gareth Farr
- British Geological Survey, Cardiff University Main Building, CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Graham
- 2 Cross Road, Whittlesey, Cambridgeshire, PE7 1LX, United Kingdom
| | - Patrik Oosterlynck
- Instituut Natuur- en Bosonderzoek, Havenlaan 88, P.O. Box 73, 1000 Brussel, Belgium
| | - Alfons J P Smolders
- B-WARE Research Centre, Radboud University, P.O. Box 6558, 6503 GB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Li S, Tu T, Li S, Yang X, Zheng Y, Guo LD, Zhang D, Jiang L. Different mechanisms underlie similar species-area relationships in two tropical archipelagoes. PLANT DIVERSITY 2024; 46:238-246. [PMID: 38807910 PMCID: PMC11128831 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Despite much research in the field of island biogeography, mechanisms regulating insular diversity remain elusive. Here, we aim to explore mechanisms underlying plant species-area relationships in two tropical archipelagoes in the South China Sea. We found positive plant species-area relationships for both coral and continental archipelagoes. However, our results showed that different mechanisms contributed to similar plant species-area relationships between the two archipelagoes. For coral islands, soil nutrients and spatial distance among communities played major roles in shaping plant community structure and species diversity. By contrast, the direct effect of island area, and to a lesser extent, soil nutrients determined plant species richness on continental islands. Intriguingly, increasing soil nutrients availability (N, P, K) had opposite effects on plant diversity between the two archipelagoes. In summary, the habitat quality effect and dispersal limitation are important for regulating plant diversity on coral islands, whereas the passive sampling effect, and to a lesser extent, the habitat quality effect are important for regulating plant diversity on continental islands. More generally, our findings indicate that island plant species-area relationships are outcomes of the interplay of both niche and neutral processes, but the driving mechanisms behind these relationships depends on the type of islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengchun Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- ECNU-Alberta Joint Lab for Biodiversity Study, Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Jiangxi Academy of Forestry, Nanchang 330032, China
| | - Tieyao Tu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Shaopeng Li
- ECNU-Alberta Joint Lab for Biodiversity Study, Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Shanghai 202162, China
| | - Xian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yong Zheng
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Liang-Dong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Dianxiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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Taylor CR, England LC, Keane JB, Davies JAC, Leake JR, Hartley IP, Smart SM, Janes-Bassett V, Phoenix GK. Elevated CO 2 interacts with nutrient inputs to restructure plant communities in phosphorus-limited grasslands. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17104. [PMID: 38273555 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Globally pervasive increases in atmospheric CO2 and nitrogen (N) deposition could have substantial effects on plant communities, either directly or mediated by their interactions with soil nutrient limitation. While the direct consequences of N enrichment on plant communities are well documented, potential interactions with rising CO2 and globally widespread phosphorus (P) limitation remain poorly understood. We investigated the consequences of simultaneous elevated CO2 (eCO2 ) and N and P additions on grassland biodiversity, community and functional composition in P-limited grasslands. We exposed soil-turf monoliths from limestone and acidic grasslands that have received >25 years of N additions (3.5 and 14 g m-2 year-1 ) and 11 (limestone) or 25 (acidic) years of P additions (3.5 g m-2 year-1 ) to eCO2 (600 ppm) for 3 years. Across both grasslands, eCO2 , N and P additions significantly changed community composition. Limestone communities were more responsive to eCO2 and saw significant functional shifts resulting from eCO2 -nutrient interactions. Here, legume cover tripled in response to combined eCO2 and P additions, and combined eCO2 and N treatments shifted functional dominance from grasses to sedges. We suggest that eCO2 may disproportionately benefit P acquisition by sedges by subsidising the carbon cost of locally intense root exudation at the expense of co-occurring grasses. In contrast, the functional composition of the acidic grassland was insensitive to eCO2 and its interactions with nutrient additions. Greater diversity of P-acquisition strategies in the limestone grassland, combined with a more functionally even and diverse community, may contribute to the stronger responses compared to the acidic grassland. Our work suggests we may see large changes in the composition and biodiversity of P-limited grasslands in response to eCO2 and its interactions with nutrient loading, particularly where these contain a high diversity of P-acquisition strategies or developmentally young soils with sufficient bioavailable mineral P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Taylor
- Soil and Ecosystem Ecology, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Luke C England
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - J Ben Keane
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Environment and Geography, Wentworth Way, University of York, Heslington, York, UK
| | | | - Jonathan R Leake
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Iain P Hartley
- Geography, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Victoria Janes-Bassett
- Geography and Planning, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Gareth K Phoenix
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Scotton M, Ziliotto U. Long-term patterns of grassland vegetation and species richness in a full-factorial NPK fertilization experiment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167555. [PMID: 37806578 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Species-rich grasslands contribute significantly to conserving environmental quality in Europe but have suffered for decades due to area reduction and degradation from nutrient addition of agricultural or pollution origins. Studying the effects of grassland fertilization can supply useful information on their degradation patterns and restoration possibilities. On a valley meadow in the Italian Alps fertilized with farmyard manure until 1976, a fertilization trial with 4 replicates and 27 treatments from the factorial combination of three levels of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) was established in 1977 and surveyed until 2003 for botanical composition on 18 m2 plots. The change of species composition and species richness (SR) occurring over the surveying period was analyzed. Six types of vegetation successions were identified, mostly with homogeneous nutrient combinations and only marginal influence by the amount of nutrients added. In all successions, the vegetation change was significant compared to the pre-experiment situation and more rapid but less persistent for abundance than for presence-absence. From about 33.6 species per plot surveyed in 1976, SR had the highest increase in the succession with no-fertilization or only-P or only-K addition (40.2 species in the period 1991-2003). The N + P + K (27.2 species) and N + P (26.3 species) successions had the strongest negative impact on SR. In the other successions (N + K, P + K and only N) SR increased or decreased little. No soil acidification and no negative effect on SR from the acidifying N-fertilizer ammonium nitrate was observed thanks to the buffering power of the Ca‑carbonate soil content. In the two successions with the highest SR variation the SR changed rapidly in the first period but fluctuated later around a constant value. In the succession with significant but little SR variation, this trend was not obvious due to the considerable interannual SR fluctuation. In all successions, the SR change was the result of a balance between logarithmic trends of species loss and gain. Species loss was probably caused by stochastic extinction of low-abundance species, but in NP, it was also due to the establishment of the aggressive-growth-habit Festuca rubra. For species gain, the suitability of incoming species to new fertility conditions was an important factor. Trial results showed that in calcareous, permeable soils, the species richness of central European grassland is especially endangered by the combined addition of N and P (with or without K), more than the only-N addition. However, they also showed that the restoration of grassland that had been degraded due to high NPK inputs from agriculture and NP enrichment from water and atmosphere pollution is possible with the cessation of fertilization and without seed addition if the surrounding landscape is species-rich and plants with aggressive growth habits are not established. Management for grassland biodiversity conservation should avoid the utilization of soil-acidifying fertilizers, reducing the P input beside the N input and limiting the introduction and spreading of aggressive grass species, such as Festuca rubra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Scotton
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy.
| | - Umberto Ziliotto
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
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Yuan H, Zhang R, Li Q, Han Q, Lu Q, Wu J. Unveiling the ecological significance of phosphorus fractions in shaping bacterial and archaeal beta diversity in mesotrophic lakes. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1279751. [PMID: 37886062 PMCID: PMC10598868 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1279751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Both community variation and phosphorus (P) fractions have been extensively studied in aquatic ecosystems, but how P fractions affect the mechanism underlying microbial beta diversity remains elusive, especially in sediment cores. Here, we obtained two sediment cores to examine bacterial and archaeal beta diversity from mesotrophic lakes Hongfeng Lake and Aha Lake, having historically experienced severe eutrophication. Utilizing the Baselga's framework, we partitioned bacterial and archaeal total beta diversity into two components: species turnover and nestedness, and then examined their sediment-depth patterns and the effects of P fractions on them. We found that total beta diversity, species turnover or nestedness consistently increased with deeper sediment layers regarding bacteria and archaea. Notably, there were parallel patterns between bacteria and archaea for total beta diversity and species turnover, which is largely underlain by equivalent processes such as environmental selection. For both microbial taxa, total beta diversity and species turnover were primarily constrained by metal oxide-bound inorganic P (NaOH-Pi) and sediment total phosphorus (STP) in Hongfeng Lake, while largely affected by reductant-soluble total P or calcium-bound inorganic P in Aha Lake. Moreover, NaOH-Pi and STP could influence bacterial total beta diversity by driving species nestedness in Hongfeng Lake. The joint effects of organic P (Po), inorganic P (Pi) and total P fractions indicated that P fractions are important to bacterial and archaeal beta diversity. Compared to Po fractions, Pi fractions had greater pure effects on bacterial beta diversity. Intriguingly, for total beta diversity and species turnover, archaea rather than bacteria are well-explained by Po fractions in both lakes, implying that the archaeal community may be involved in Po mineralization. Overall, our study reveals the importance of P fractions to the mechanism underlying bacterial and archaeal beta diversity in sediments, and provides theoretical underpinnings for controlling P sources in biodiversity conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Runyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Qiuxing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, China
- College of Earth Science, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiping Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Li Y, Lu X, Su J, Bai Y. Phosphorus availability and planting patterns regulate soil microbial effects on plant performance in a semiarid steppe. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 131:1081-1095. [PMID: 36661120 PMCID: PMC10457034 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Growing evidence has suggested that plant responses to model soil microorganisms are context dependent; however, few studies have investigated the effects of whole soil microbial communities on plant performance in different abiotic and biotic conditions. To address this, we examined how soil phosphorus (P) availability and different planting patterns regulate soil microbial effects on the growth of two native plant species in a semiarid steppe. METHODS We carried out a glasshouse experiment to explore the effects of the whole indigenous soil microbiota on the growth and performance of Leymus chinensis and Cleistogenes squarrosa using soil sterilization with different soil P availabilities and planting patterns (monoculture and mixture). Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to explain the potential molecular mechanisms of the soil microbial effects on C. squarrosa. KEY RESULTS The soil sterilization treatment significantly increased the biomass of L. chinensis and C. squarrosa in both monoculture and mixture conditions, which indicated that the soil microbiota had negative growth effects on both plants. The addition of P neutralized the negative microbial effects for both L. chinensis and C. squarrosa, whereas the mixture treatment amplified the negative microbial effects on L. chinensis but alleviated them on C. squarrosa. Transcriptomic analysis from C. squarrosa roots underscored that the negative soil microbial effects were induced by the upregulation of defence genes. The P addition treatment resulted in significant decreases in the number of differentially expressed genes attributable to the soil microbiota, and some defence genes were downregulated. CONCLUSIONS Our results underline that indigenous soil microbiota have negative effects on the growth of two dominant plant species from a semiarid steppe, but their effects are highly dependent on the soil P availability and planting patterns. They also indicate that defence genes might play a key role in controlling plant growth responses to the soil microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoming Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jishuai Su
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongfei Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
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Liu J, Zhou M, Li X, Li T, Jiang H, Zhao L, Chen S, Tian J, Han W. Phosphorus Addition Reduces Seedling Growth and Survival for the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Tree Cinnamomum camphora (Lauraceae) and Ectomycorrhizal Tree Castanopsis sclerophylla (Fagaceae) in Fragmented Forests in Eastern China. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2946. [PMID: 37631158 PMCID: PMC10458558 DOI: 10.3390/plants12162946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Global changes in nutrient deposition rates and habitat fragmentation are likely to have profound effects on plant communities, particularly in the nutrient-limited systems of the tropics and subtropics. However, it remains unclear how increased phosphorus (P) supply affects seedling growth in P-deficient subtropical fragmented forests. To explore this, we applied P to 11 islands in a subtropical Chinese archipelago and examined the results in combination with a contemporary greenhouse experiment to test the influence of P addition on seedling growth and survival. We measured the growth (i.e., base area) and mortality rate of seedlings for one arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and one ectomycorrhizal (EcM) tree species separately and calculated their relative growth rate and mortality when compared with P addition and control treatment on each island. We also measured three functional traits and the biomass of seedlings in the greenhouse experiment. Results showed that P addition significantly increased the mortality of AM and EcM seedlings and reduced the growth rate of EcM seedlings. The relative growth rate of AM seedlings, but not EcM seedlings, significantly decreased as the island area decreased, suggesting that P addition could promote the relative growth rate of AM seedlings on larger islands. The greenhouse experiment showed that P addition could reduce the specific root length of AM and EcM seedlings and reduce the aboveground and total biomass of seedlings, indicating that P addition may affect the resource acquisition of seedlings, thereby affecting their survival and growth. Our study reveals the synergistic influence of habitat fragmentation and P deposition, which may affect the regeneration of forest communities and biodiversity maintenance in fragmented habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinliang Liu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (J.L.); (M.Z.); (X.L.); (T.L.); (H.J.); (L.Z.); (S.C.); (J.T.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Mengsi Zhou
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (J.L.); (M.Z.); (X.L.); (T.L.); (H.J.); (L.Z.); (S.C.); (J.T.)
| | - Xue Li
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (J.L.); (M.Z.); (X.L.); (T.L.); (H.J.); (L.Z.); (S.C.); (J.T.)
| | - Tianxiang Li
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (J.L.); (M.Z.); (X.L.); (T.L.); (H.J.); (L.Z.); (S.C.); (J.T.)
| | - Haoyue Jiang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (J.L.); (M.Z.); (X.L.); (T.L.); (H.J.); (L.Z.); (S.C.); (J.T.)
| | - Luping Zhao
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (J.L.); (M.Z.); (X.L.); (T.L.); (H.J.); (L.Z.); (S.C.); (J.T.)
| | - Shuman Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (J.L.); (M.Z.); (X.L.); (T.L.); (H.J.); (L.Z.); (S.C.); (J.T.)
| | - Jingying Tian
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (J.L.); (M.Z.); (X.L.); (T.L.); (H.J.); (L.Z.); (S.C.); (J.T.)
| | - Wenjuan Han
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (J.L.); (M.Z.); (X.L.); (T.L.); (H.J.); (L.Z.); (S.C.); (J.T.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
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9
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Ceulemans T, Verscheure P, Shadouh C, Van Acker K, Devleesschauwer B, Linard C, Dendoncker N, Speybroeck N, Bruffaerts N, Honnay O, Schrijvers R, Aerts R. Environmental degradation and the increasing burden of allergic disease: The need to determine the impact of nitrogen pollution. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2023; 4:1063982. [PMID: 36819832 PMCID: PMC9932044 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2023.1063982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Ceulemans
- Department Biology, UAntwerpen, Antwerpen, Belgium,Division Ecology, Evolution, and Biodiversity Conservation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paulien Verscheure
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Caroline Shadouh
- Institut de Recherche Santé et Societé, UC Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Kasper Van Acker
- Division Ecology, Evolution, and Biodiversity Conservation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Brecht Devleesschauwer
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium,Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology, and Public Health, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | | | | | - Niko Speybroeck
- Institut de Recherche Santé et Societé, UC Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | | | - Olivier Honnay
- Division Ecology, Evolution, and Biodiversity Conservation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rik Schrijvers
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Raf Aerts
- Division Ecology, Evolution, and Biodiversity Conservation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,Risk and Health Impact Assessment, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium,Correspondence: Raf Aerts
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10
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Weihrauch C, Boie F, Neumann J, von Sperber C. Transferring network analysis to the study of potential biogeochemical interactions of phosphorus-relevant elements in floodplain subsoils - A new use case for the Soilscape Network Approach (SNAp). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 850:158072. [PMID: 35985589 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Subsurface phosphorus (P) loss from deep P stocks in floodplain subsoils can contribute to eutrophication of freshwaters. To date, knowledge on the complex biogeochemical interactions of P in floodplain subsoils is too scarce to enable targeted P management to mitigate subsurface P loss from deep P stocks. We propose using graph theory and the Soilscape Network Approach (SNAp) based on correlations between P-relevant elements to study these complex biogeochemical interactions in the soilscape. Complex interactions of several elements in soils are difficult to investigate from a holistic perspective with conventional data analysis. We translated soil element data from topsoils and subsoils of terrestrial sites, proximal and distal floodplain sites into relational data and analyzed network structure, centrality, and modularity. The results indicate that a higher frequency of groundwater level fluctuations in distal subsoils and proximal topsoils could result in 24-44 % less biogeochemical interaction compared to sites with stable conditions. Impeded microbial processes on the frequently disturbed sites may explain this finding. Our analyses suggest biogeochemical differences between floodplain topsoils and subsoils expressed in 24 % lower and 75 % higher network connectivity in distal and proximal subsoils (respectively). We also found 22 % lower network connectivity in distal than proximal floodplain subsoils, suggesting biogeochemical differences between both soil sections. These findings imply that floodplain P management should not take a whole-floodplain approach but a 3D-approach, which differentiates laterally between floodplain zones and vertically between soil sections. In addition, SNAp indicated that Fe(II) oxides are important in P biogeochemistry of floodplain subsoils but are not the key element. Instead, labile P forms are suggested to have different major associations in distal (Alox, Feox) versus proximal deep P stocks (Alox, Mn, Ca). Our study provides new insights into the biogeochemistry of deep P stocks in floodplain subsoils which require targeted validation by other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Weihrauch
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Soil and Groundwater Management, University of Wuppertal, Pauluskirchstrasse 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Felizitas Boie
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Soil and Groundwater Management, University of Wuppertal, Pauluskirchstrasse 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Janice Neumann
- Department of Geography, McGill University, 805 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Christian von Sperber
- Department of Geography, McGill University, 805 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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11
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Li X, Chen Y, Lv G, Wang J, Jiang L, Wang H, Yang X. Predicting spatial variability of species diversity with the minimum data set of soil properties in an arid desert riparian forest. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1014643. [PMID: 36438101 PMCID: PMC9691764 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1014643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Species diversity has spatial heterogeneity in ecological systems. Although a large number of studies have demonstrated the influence of soil properties on species diversity, most of them have not considered their spatial variabilities. To remedy the knowledge gap, a 1 ha (100 m × 100 m) plots of arid desert riparian forest was set up in the Ebinur Wetland Nature Reserve (ELWNR) in the NW China. Then, the minimum data set of soil properties (soil MDS) was established using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and the Norm Value Determination to represent the total soil property data set (soil TDS). The Geo-statistics and two models (i.e., Random Forest/RF and Multiple Linear Regression/MLR) were used to measure the spatial variability of species diversity, and predict its spatial distribution by the soil MDS, respectively. The results showed that the soil MDS was composed of soil salt content (SSC), soil total phosphorus (STP), soil available phosphorus (SAP), soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil nitrate nitrogen (SNN); which represented the soil TDS perfectly (R2 = 0.62). Three species diversity indices (i.e., Shannon-Wiener, Simpson and Pielou indices) had a high spatial dependence (C0/(C0+C)< 25%; 0.72 m ≤ range≤ 0.77 m). Ordinary kriging distribution maps showed that the spatial distribution pattern of species diversity predicted by RF model was closer to its actual distribution compared with MLR model. RF model results suggested that the soil MDS had significant effect on spatial distribution of Shannon-Wiener, Simpson and Pielou indices (Varex = 56%, 49% and 36%, respectively). Among all constituents, SSC had the largest contribution on the spatial variability of species diversity (nearly 10%), while STP had least effect (< 5.3%). We concluded that the soil MDS affected spatial variability of species diversity in arid desert riparian forests. Using RF model can predict spatial variability of species diversity through soil properties. Our work provided a new case and insight for studying the spatial relationship between soil properties and plant species diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Li
- College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology of Education Ministry, Xinjiang University, Xinjiang, China
- Xinjiang Jinghe Observation and Research Station of Temperate Desert Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Jinghe, China
| | - Yudong Chen
- College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology of Education Ministry, Xinjiang University, Xinjiang, China
- Xinjiang Jinghe Observation and Research Station of Temperate Desert Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Jinghe, China
| | - Guanghui Lv
- College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology of Education Ministry, Xinjiang University, Xinjiang, China
- Xinjiang Jinghe Observation and Research Station of Temperate Desert Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Jinghe, China
| | - Jinlong Wang
- College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology of Education Ministry, Xinjiang University, Xinjiang, China
- Xinjiang Jinghe Observation and Research Station of Temperate Desert Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Jinghe, China
| | - Lamei Jiang
- College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology of Education Ministry, Xinjiang University, Xinjiang, China
- Xinjiang Jinghe Observation and Research Station of Temperate Desert Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Jinghe, China
| | - Hengfang Wang
- College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology of Education Ministry, Xinjiang University, Xinjiang, China
- Xinjiang Jinghe Observation and Research Station of Temperate Desert Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Jinghe, China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering and Geography Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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12
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Dueñas JF, Hempel S, Homeier J, Suárez JP, Rillig MC, Camenzind T. Root associated fungal lineages of a tropical montane forest show contrasting sensitivities to the long-term addition of nitrogen and phosphorus. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2022; 14:775-784. [PMID: 36085412 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.13121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Root associated fungal (RAF) communities can exert strong effects on plant communities and are potentially sensitive to shifts in soil fertility. As increased atmospheric nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) deposition can alter the nutrient balance in natural ecosystems, we assessed the response of RAF communities to a fertilization experiment deployed on a highly diverse Andean forest. The stand level fine root fraction was sampled after 7 years of systematic N and P additions and RAF communities were characterized by a deep sequencing approach. We expected that fertilization will enhance competition of fungal taxa for limiting nutrients, thus eliciting diversity reductions and alterations in the structure of RAF communities. Fertilization treatments did not reduce RAF richness but affected community composition. At the phylum level fertilization reduced richness exclusively among Glomeromycota. In contrast, N and P additions (alone or in combination) altered the composition of several fungal phyla. The lack of a generalized response to long-term fertilization among RAF lineages suggests that most of these lineages will not be directly and immediately affected by the increasing rates of atmospheric N and P deposition expected for this region by 2050.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F Dueñas
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Hempel
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Homeier
- Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Juan Pablo Suárez
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador
| | - Matthias C Rillig
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Tessa Camenzind
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
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13
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Li W, Gan X, Jiang Y, Cao F, Lü XT, Ceulemans T, Zhao C. Nitrogen effects on grassland biomass production and biodiversity are stronger than those of phosphorus. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 309:119720. [PMID: 35810985 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Human-induced nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) enrichment have profound effects on grassland net primary production (NPP) and species richness. However, a comprehensive understanding of the relative contribution of N vs. P addition and their interaction on grassland NPP increase and species loss remains elusive. We compiled data from 80 field manipulative studies and conducted a meta-analysis (2107 observations world-wide) to evaluate the individual and combined effects of N and P addition on grassland NPP and species richness. We found that both N addition and P addition significantly enhanced grassland above-ground NPP (ANPP; 33.2% and 14.2%, respectively), but did not affect total NPP, below-ground NPP (BNPP), and species evenness. Species richness significantly decreased with N addition (11.7%; by decreasing forbs) probably due to strong decreased soil pH, but not with P addition. The combined effects of N and P addition were generally stronger than the individual effects of N or P addition, and we found the synergistic effects on ANPP, and additive effects on total NPP, BNPP, species richness, and evenness within the combinations of N and P addition. In addition, N and P addition effects were strongly affected by moderator variables (e.g. climate and fertilization type, duration and amount of fertilizer addition). These results demonstrate a higher relative contribution of N than P addition to grassland NPP increase and species loss, although the effects varied across climate and fertilization types. The existing data also reveals that more long-term (≥5 years) experimental studies that combine N and P and test multifactor effects in different climate zones (particularly in boreal grasslands) are needed to provide a more solid basis for forecasting grassland community response and C sequestration response to nutrient enrichment at the global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China.
| | - Xiaoling Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Yuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Fengfeng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Xiao-Tao Lü
- Erguna Forest-Steppe Ecotone Research Station, CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Tobias Ceulemans
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Department of Biology, University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chuanyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
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14
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Wang L, Wen Y, Tong R, Zhang H, Chen H, Hu T, Liu G, Wang J, Zhu L, Wu T. Understanding Responses of Soil Microbiome to the Nitrogen and Phosphorus Addition in Metasequoia glyptostroboides Plantations of Different Ages. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022; 84:565-579. [PMID: 34545413 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01863-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) have significant effects on soil microbial community diversity, composition, and function. Also, trees of different life stages have different fertilization requirements. In this study, we designed three N additions and three P levels (5 years of experimental treatment) at two Metasequoia glyptostroboides plantations of different ages (young, 6 years old; middle mature, 24 years old) to understand how different addition levels of N and P affect the soil microbiome. Here, the N fertilization of M. glyptostroboides plantation land (5 years of experimental treatment) significantly enriched microbes (e.g., Lysobacter, Luteimonas, and Rhodanobacter) involved in nitrification, denitrification, and P-starvation response regulation, which might further lead to the decreasing in alpha diversity (especially in 6YMP soil). The P addition could impact the genes involved in inorganic P-solubilization and organic P-mineralization by increasing soil AP and TP. Moreover, the functional differences in the soil microbiomes were identified between the 6YMP and 24YMP soil. This study provides valuable information that improves our understanding on the effects of N and P input on the belowground soil microbial community and functional characteristics in plantations of different stand ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- East China Coastal Forest Ecosystem Long-Term Research Station, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, 311400, Zhejiang, China
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road 1, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Yuxiang Wen
- East China Coastal Forest Ecosystem Long-Term Research Station, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, 311400, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ran Tong
- East China Coastal Forest Ecosystem Long-Term Research Station, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, 311400, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- East China Coastal Forest Ecosystem Long-Term Research Station, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, 311400, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Mingke Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road 1, Nanjing, 210046, China
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoqi Liu
- Mingke Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Lifeng Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road 1, Nanjing, 210046, China.
| | - Tonggui Wu
- East China Coastal Forest Ecosystem Long-Term Research Station, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, 311400, Zhejiang, China.
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15
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Dwyer C, Millett J, Jones L, Bartholomeus RP, van Willegen L, Chavasse A, Pakeman RJ. Patterns of variation in plant diversity vary over different spatial levels in seasonal coastal wetlands. DIVERS DISTRIB 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ciara Dwyer
- Geography and Environment Loughborough University Loughborough UK
| | - Jonathan Millett
- Geography and Environment Loughborough University Loughborough UK
| | - Laurence Jones
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology Bangor, Environment Centre Wales Bangor UK
- Department of Geography and Environmental Science Liverpool Hope University Liverpool UK
| | - Ruud P. Bartholomeus
- KWR Water Research Institute Nieuwegein Netherlands
- Soil Physics and Land Management Wageningen University Wageningen The Netherlands
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16
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Grazing by wild red deer can mitigate nutrient enrichment in protected semi-natural open habitats. Oecologia 2022; 199:471-485. [PMID: 35545720 PMCID: PMC9225971 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05182-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Eutrophication through atmospheric nutrient deposition is threatening the biodiversity of semi-natural habitats characterized by low nutrient availability. Accordingly, local management measures aiming at open habitat conservation need to maintain habitat-specific nutrient conditions despite atmospheric inputs. Grazing by wild herbivores, such as red deer (Cervus elaphus), has been proposed as an alternative to mechanical or livestock-based measures for preserving open habitats. The role of red deer for nutrient dynamics in protected open habitat types, however, is yet unclear. Therefore, we collected data on vegetation productivity, forage removal, quantity of red deer dung and nutrient concentrations in vegetation and dung from permanent plots in heathlands and grasslands (eight plots à 225 m2 per habitat type) on a military training area inhabited by a large population of free-ranging red deer over one year. The annual nutrient export of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) by red deer grazing was higher than the nutrient import through red deer excreta, resulting in an average net nutrient removal of 14 and 30 kg N ha−1 a−1 and 1.1 and 3.3 kg P ha−1 a−1 in heathlands and grasslands, respectively. Even when considering approximate local atmospheric deposition values, net nutrient depletion due to red deer grazing seemed very likely, notably in grasslands. Demonstrating that grazing by wild red deer can mitigate the effects of atmospheric nutrient deposition in semi-natural open habitats similarly to extensive livestock grazing, our results support the idea that red deer are suitable grazing animals for open habitat conservation.
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17
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Wang G, Koziol L, Foster BL, Bever JD. Microbial mediators of plant community response to long-term N and P fertilization: Evidence of a role of plant responsiveness to mycorrhizal fungi. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:2721-2735. [PMID: 35048483 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Climate changes and anthropogenic nutrient enrichment widely threaten plant diversity and ecosystem functions. Understanding the mechanisms governing plant species turnover across nutrient gradients is crucial to developing successful management and restoration strategies. We tested whether and how soil microbes, particularly arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), could mediate plant community response to a 15 years long-term N (0, 4, 8, and 16 g N m-2 year-1 ) and P (0 and 8 g N m-2 year-1 ) enrichment in a grassland system. We found N and P enrichment resulted in plant community diversity decrease and composition change, in which perennial C4 graminoids were dramatically reduced while annuals and perennial forbs increased. Metabarcoding analysis of soil fungal community showed that N and P changed fungal diversity and composition, of which only a cluster of AMF identified by the co-occurrence networks analysis was highly sensitive to P treatments and was negatively correlated with shifts in percentage cover of perennial C4 graminoids. Moreover, by estimating the mycorrhizal responsiveness (MR) of 41 plant species in the field experiment from 264 independent tests, we found that the community weighted mean MR of the plant community was substantially reduced with nutrient enrichment and was positively correlated with C4 graminoids percentage cover. Both analyses of covariance and structural equation modeling indicated that the shift in MR rather than AMF composition change was the primary predictor of the decline in perennial C4 graminoids, suggesting that the energy cost invested by C4 plants on those sensitive AMF might drive the inferior competitive abilities compared with other groups. Our results suggest that shifts in the competitive ability of mycorrhizal responsive plants can drive plant community change to anthropogenic eutrophication, suggesting a functional benefit of mycorrhizal mutualism in ecological restoration following climatic or anthropogenic degradation of soil communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangzhou Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Kansas Biological Survey, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Liz Koziol
- Kansas Biological Survey, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Bryan L Foster
- Kansas Biological Survey, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - James D Bever
- Kansas Biological Survey, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
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18
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Stamm C, Binder CR, Frossard E, Haygarth PM, Oberson A, Richardson AE, Schaum C, Schoumans O, Udert KM. Towards circular phosphorus: The need of inter- and transdisciplinary research to close the broken cycle. AMBIO 2022; 51:611-622. [PMID: 34013441 PMCID: PMC8800955 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-021-01562-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an essential element to all living beings but also a finite resource. P-related problems center around broken P cycles from local to global scales. This paper presents outcomes from the 9th International Phosphorus Workshop (IPW9) held 2019 on how to move towards a sustainable P management. It is based on two sequential discussion rounds with all participants. Important progress was reported regarding the awareness of P as finite mineable resource, technologies to recycle P, and legislation towards a circular P economy. Yet, critical deficits were identified such as how to handle legacy P, how climate change may affect ecosystem P cycling, or working business models to up-scale existing recycling models. Workshop participants argued for more transdisciplinary networks to narrow a perceived science-practice/policy gap. While this gap may be smaller in reality as illustrated with a Swiss example, we formulate recommendations how to bridge this gap more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Stamm
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Claudia R. Binder
- Laboratory on Human-Environment Relations in Urban Systems, EPFL ENAC IIE HERUS, 1015 Lausanne EPFL, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Frossard
- ETH Zurich, Research Station in Plant Sciences, Eschikon, 8315 Lindau, Switzerland
| | - Philip M. Haygarth
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ UK
| | - Astrid Oberson
- Group of Plant Nutrition, Research Station Eschikon, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Eschikon 33, 8315 Lindau, Switzerland
| | | | - Christian Schaum
- Chair of Sanitary Engineering and Waste Management, Bundeswehr University Munich, Werner-Heisenberg-Weg 39, 85577 Neubiberg, Germany
| | - Oscar Schoumans
- Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kai M. Udert
- Eawag, Process Engineering, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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The Genetic Basis of Phosphorus Utilization Efficiency in Plants Provide New Insight into Woody Perennial Plants Improvement. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042353. [PMID: 35216469 PMCID: PMC8877309 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil nutrient restrictions are the main environmental conditions limiting plant growth, development, yield, and quality. Phosphorus (P), an essential macronutrient, is one of the most significant factors that vastly restrains the growth and development of plants. Although the total P is rich in soil, its bio-available concentration is still unable to meet the requirements of plants. To maintain P homeostasis, plants have developed lots of intricate responsive and acclimatory mechanisms at different levels, which contribute to administering the acquisition of inorganic phosphate (Pi), translocation, remobilization, and recycling of Pi. In recent years, significant advances have been made in the exploration of the utilization of P in annual plants, while the research progress in woody perennial plants is still vague. In the meanwhile, compared to annual plants, relevant reviews about P utilization in woody perennial plants are scarce. Therefore, based on the importance of P in the growth and development of plants, we briefly reviewed the latest advances on the genetic and molecular mechanisms of plants to uphold P homeostasis, P sensing, and signaling, ion transporting and metabolic regulation, and proposed the possible sustainable management strategies to fasten the P cycle in modern agriculture and new directions for future studies.
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Goossens EP, De Schrijver A, Schelfhout S, Vanhellemont M, Verheyen K, Mertens J. Phosphorus puts a mortgage on restoration of species‐rich grasslands on former agricultural land. Restor Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elias P. Goossens
- Plant Biology and Nature Management Vrije Universiteit Brussel Pleinlaan 2 1050, Brussels Belgium
| | - An De Schrijver
- Research Centre AgroFoodNature HOGENT University of Applied Sciences and Arts Ghent Ghent Belgium
| | - Stephanie Schelfhout
- Forest and Nature Lab, Department of Environment Ghent University Gontrode‐Melle Belgium
| | - Margot Vanhellemont
- Research Centre AgroFoodNature HOGENT University of Applied Sciences and Arts Ghent Ghent Belgium
| | - Kris Verheyen
- Forest and Nature Lab, Department of Environment Ghent University Gontrode‐Melle Belgium
| | - Jan Mertens
- Forest and Nature Lab, Department of Environment Ghent University Gontrode‐Melle Belgium
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Mao Q, Chen H, Gurmesa GA, Gundersen P, Ellsworth DS, Gilliam FS, Wang C, Zhu F, Ye Q, Mo J, Lu X. Negative effects of long-term phosphorus additions on understory plants in a primary tropical forest. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 798:149306. [PMID: 34340072 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Human activities have disturbed global phosphorus (P) cycling by introducing substantial amounts of P to natural ecosystems. Although natural P gradients and fertilization studies have found that plant community traits are closely related to P availability, it remains unclear how increased P supply affects plant growth and diversity in P-deficient tropical forests. We used a decadal P-addition experiment (2007-2017) to study the effects of increased P input on plant growth and diversity in understory layer in tropical forests. We monitored the dynamics of seedling growth, survival rate, and diversity of understory plants throughout the fertilization period under control and P addition at 15 g P m-2 yr-1. To identify the drivers of responses, P concentration, photosynthesis rate and nonstructural carbon were analyzed. Results showed that long-term P addition significantly increased P concentrations both in soil pools and plant tissues. However, P addition did not increase the light-saturated photosynthesis rate or growth rate of the understory plants. Furthermore, P addition significantly decreased the survival rate of seedlings and reduced the species richness and density of understory plants. The negative effects of P addition may be attributed to an increased carbon cost due to the tissue maintenance of plants with higher P concentrations. These findings indicate that increased P supply alone is not necessary to benefit the growth of plants in ecosystems with low P availability, and P inputs can inhibit understory plants and may alter community composition. Therefore, we appeal to a need for caution when inputting P to tropical forests ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinggong Mao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Hao Chen
- School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 510006, China
| | | | - Per Gundersen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - David Scott Ellsworth
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales 2751, Australia
| | - Frank S Gilliam
- Department of Biology, University of West Florida, Pensacola, FL 32514, USA
| | - Cong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Fiefei Zhu
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, China
| | - Qing Ye
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Jiangming Mo
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
| | - Xiankai Lu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
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22
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Scheper J, Bukovinszky T, Huigens ME, Kleijn D. Attractiveness of sown wildflower strips to flower-visiting insects depends on seed mixture and establishment success. Basic Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2021.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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23
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王 辉. Effect of Nitrogen Addition on Plant Growth in Early Spring: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.12677/ije.2021.103045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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Aerts R, Dujardin S, Nemery B, Van Nieuwenhuyse A, Van Orshoven J, Aerts JM, Somers B, Hendrickx M, Bruffaerts N, Bauwelinck M, Casas L, Demoury C, Plusquin M, Nawrot TS. Residential green space and medication sales for childhood asthma: A longitudinal ecological study in Belgium. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 189:109914. [PMID: 32980008 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Living in green environments has been associated with various health benefits, but the evidence for positive effects on respiratory health in children is ambiguous. OBJECTIVE To investigate if residential exposure to different types of green space is associated with childhood asthma prevalence in Belgium. METHODS Asthma prevalence was estimated from sales data of reimbursed medication for obstructive airway disease (OAD) prescribed to children between 2010 and 2014, aggregated at census tract level (n = 1872) by sex and age group (6-12 and 13-18 years). Generalized log-linear mixed effects models with repeated measures were used to estimate effects of relative covers of forest, grassland and garden in the census tract of the residence on OAD medication sales. Models were adjusted for air pollution (PM10), housing quality and administrative region. RESULTS Consistent associations between OAD medication sales and relative covers of grassland and garden were observed (unadjusted parameter estimates per IQR increase of relative cover, range across four strata: grassland, β = 0.15-0.17; garden, β = 0.13-0.17). The associations remained significant after adjusting for housing quality and chronic air pollution (adjusted parameter estimates per IQR increase of relative cover, range across four strata: grassland, β = 0.10-0.14; garden, β = 0.07-0.09). There was no association between OAD medication sales and forest cover. CONCLUSIONS Based on aggregated data, we found that living in close proximity to areas with high grass cover (grasslands, but also residential gardens) may negatively impact child respiratory health. Potential allergic and non-allergic mechanisms that underlie this association include elevated exposure to grass pollen and fungi and reduced exposure to environmental biodiversity. Reducing the dominance of grass in public and private green space might be beneficial to reduce the childhood asthma burden and may simultaneously improve the ecological value of urban green space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raf Aerts
- Risk and Health Impact Assessment, Sciensano (Belgian Institute of Health), Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, BE-1050, Brussels, Belgium; Division Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity Conservation, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Kasteelpark Arenberg 31-2435, BE-3001, Leuven, Belgium; Division Forest, Nature and Landscape, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Celestijnenlaan 200E-2411, BE-3001, Leuven, Belgium; Center for Environmental Sciences, University of Hasselt, Agoralaan D, BE-3590, Diepenbeek, Hasselt, Belgium; Mycology and Aerobiology, Sciensano (Belgian Institute of Health), Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, BE-1050, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Sebastien Dujardin
- Division Forest, Nature and Landscape, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Celestijnenlaan 200E-2411, BE-3001, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Geography, Institute of Life Earth and Environment (ILEE), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Benoit Nemery
- Center for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49-706, BE-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - An Van Nieuwenhuyse
- Risk and Health Impact Assessment, Sciensano (Belgian Institute of Health), Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, BE-1050, Brussels, Belgium; Center for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49-706, BE-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jos Van Orshoven
- Division Forest, Nature and Landscape, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Celestijnenlaan 200E-2411, BE-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jean-Marie Aerts
- Division Animal and Human Health Engineering, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ben Somers
- Division Forest, Nature and Landscape, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Celestijnenlaan 200E-2411, BE-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marijke Hendrickx
- Mycology and Aerobiology, Sciensano (Belgian Institute of Health), Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, BE-1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Bruffaerts
- Mycology and Aerobiology, Sciensano (Belgian Institute of Health), Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, BE-1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mariska Bauwelinck
- Interface Demography, Department of Sociology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 5, BE-1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lidia Casas
- Center for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49-706, BE-3000, Leuven, Belgium; Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1-R.232, BE-2610, Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Claire Demoury
- Risk and Health Impact Assessment, Sciensano (Belgian Institute of Health), Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, BE-1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michelle Plusquin
- Center for Environmental Sciences, University of Hasselt, Agoralaan D, BE-3590, Diepenbeek, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Tim S Nawrot
- Center for Environmental Sciences, University of Hasselt, Agoralaan D, BE-3590, Diepenbeek, Hasselt, Belgium; Center for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49-706, BE-3000, Leuven, Belgium
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25
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Triantafyllidis V, Zotos A, Kosma C, Kokkotos E. Effect of land-use types on edaphic properties and plant species diversity in Mediterranean agroecosystem. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:3676-3690. [PMID: 33304180 PMCID: PMC7715500 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Land-use intensification, contrary to sustainable land management, has an impact on the healthiness of the environmental agroecosystem. To assess the environmental implications in abandoned land, olive groves and maize crops, the most sensitive and reliable edaphic indicators were measured to estimate plant species diversity and potentially toxic elements in soil, among different types of land-use. Species diversity presents a decrease in maize crops and olive groves compared to abandoned land. The families with the greatest species diversity were Poaceae, Asteraceae and Fabaceae in each land-use. From the results of the canonical correspondence analysis among species, sampling sites and selected environmental variables, a clear separation between species and sampling sites belonging to different types of land-use was found, presenting strong correlation with specific edaphic parameters (pH, Soil Organic Matter, Silt, Electrical Conductivity, Total Nitrogen, NO3-, P, K, Zn and Cu). Species diversity was reduced in maize crops due to anthropogenic interventions such as the excessive use of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers and herbicides. Despite the fact that the lowest richness of plant species was found in olive groves, non-removal of crop residue preserves soil organic matter. In 7.4% of soil samples in olive groves, Cutotal concentrations were over 100 mg kg−1 denoting polluted soils, while the potentially toxic concentrations of bioavailable copper fraction (CuDTPA) probably lead to a decrease of species diversity. Future researches should therefore focus on the accumulation of toxic elements in agricultural land to preserve species diversity and a healthy environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassilios Triantafyllidis
- Department of Business Administration of Food & Agricultural Enterprises, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Anastasios Zotos
- Department of Business Administration of Food & Agricultural Enterprises, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Chariklia Kosma
- Department of Biosystems & Agricultural Engineering, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Efthimios Kokkotos
- Department of Business Administration of Food & Agricultural Enterprises, University of Patras, Greece
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26
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Vanneste T, Govaert S, De Kesel W, Van Den Berge S, Vangansbeke P, Meeussen C, Brunet J, Cousins SAO, Decocq G, Diekmann M, Graae BJ, Hedwall P, Heinken T, Helsen K, Kapás RE, Lenoir J, Liira J, Lindmo S, Litza K, Naaf T, Orczewska A, Plue J, Wulf M, Verheyen K, De Frenne P. Plant diversity in hedgerows and road verges across Europe. J Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Vanneste
- Forest & Nature Lab Department of Environment Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Gontrode‐Melle Belgium
| | - Sanne Govaert
- Forest & Nature Lab Department of Environment Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Gontrode‐Melle Belgium
| | - Willem De Kesel
- Forest & Nature Lab Department of Environment Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Gontrode‐Melle Belgium
| | - Sanne Van Den Berge
- Forest & Nature Lab Department of Environment Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Gontrode‐Melle Belgium
| | - Pieter Vangansbeke
- Forest & Nature Lab Department of Environment Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Gontrode‐Melle Belgium
| | - Camille Meeussen
- Forest & Nature Lab Department of Environment Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Gontrode‐Melle Belgium
| | - Jörg Brunet
- Southern Sweden Research Centre Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Alnarp Sweden
| | - Sara A. O. Cousins
- Biogeography and Geomatics Department of Physical Geography Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
| | - Guillaume Decocq
- UR «Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés» (EDYSAN, UMR 7058 CNRS‐UPJV) Jules Verne University of Picardie Amiens France
| | - Martin Diekmann
- Vegetation Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of Ecology FB2 University of Bremen Bremen Germany
| | - Bente J. Graae
- Department of Biology Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
| | - Per‐Ola Hedwall
- Southern Sweden Research Centre Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Alnarp Sweden
| | - Thilo Heinken
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology University of Potsdam Potsdam Germany
| | - Kenny Helsen
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology Biology Department University of Leuven Heverlee Belgium
| | - Rozália E. Kapás
- Biogeography and Geomatics Department of Physical Geography Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Biology Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
| | - Jonathan Lenoir
- UR «Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés» (EDYSAN, UMR 7058 CNRS‐UPJV) Jules Verne University of Picardie Amiens France
| | - Jaan Liira
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Sigrid Lindmo
- Department of Biology Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
| | - Kathrin Litza
- Vegetation Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of Ecology FB2 University of Bremen Bremen Germany
| | - Tobias Naaf
- Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF) Müncheberg Germany
| | - Anna Orczewska
- Faculty of Natural Sciences Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection University of Silesia Katowice Poland
| | - Jan Plue
- Biogeography and Geomatics Department of Physical Geography Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
| | - Monika Wulf
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Kris Verheyen
- Forest & Nature Lab Department of Environment Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Gontrode‐Melle Belgium
| | - Pieter De Frenne
- Forest & Nature Lab Department of Environment Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Gontrode‐Melle Belgium
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27
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Phoenix GK, Johnson DA, Muddimer SP, Leake JR, Cameron DD. Niche differentiation and plasticity in soil phosphorus acquisition among co-occurring plants. NATURE PLANTS 2020; 6:349-354. [PMID: 32203292 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-020-0624-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
How species coexist despite competing for the same resources that are in limited supply is central to our understanding of the controls on biodiversity1,2. Resource partitioning may facilitate coexistence, as co-occurring species use different sources of the same limiting resource3,4. In plant communities, however, direct evidence for partitioning of the commonly limiting nutrient, phosphorus (P), has remained scarce due to the challenges of quantifying P acquisition from its different chemical forms present in soil5. To address this, we used 33P to directly trace P uptake from DNA, orthophosphate and calcium phosphate into monocultures and mixed communities of plants growing in grassland soil. We show that co-occurring plants acquire P from these important organic and mineral sources in different proportions, and that differences in P source use are consistent with the species' root adaptations for P acquisition. Furthermore, the net benefit arising from niche plasticity (the gain in P uptake for a species in a mixed community compared to monoculture) correlates with species abundance in the wild, suggesting that niche plasticity for P is a driver of community structure. This evidence for P resource partitioning and niche plasticity may explain the high levels of biodiversity frequently found in P-limited ecosystems worldwide6,7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth K Phoenix
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| | - David A Johnson
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Stephen P Muddimer
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jonathan R Leake
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Duncan D Cameron
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Koopmans GF, Hiemstra T, Vaseur C, Chardon WJ, Voegelin A, Groenenberg JE. Use of iron oxide nanoparticles for immobilizing phosphorus in-situ: Increase in soil reactive surface area and effect on soluble phosphorus. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 711:135220. [PMID: 31831238 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) immobilization has potential for reducing diffuse P losses from legacy P soils to surface waters and for regenerating low-nutrient ecosystems with a high plant species richness. Here, P immobilization with iron oxide sludge application was investigated in a field trial on a noncalcareous sandy soil. The sludge applied is a water treatment residual produced from raw groundwater by Fe(II) oxidation. Siliceous ferrihydrite (Fh) is the major Fe oxide type in the sludge. The reactive surface area assessed with an adapted probe ion method is 211-304 m2 g-1 for the Fe oxides in the sludge, equivalent to a spherical particle diameter of ~6-8 nm. This size is much larger than the primary Fh particle size (~2 nm) observed with transmission electron microscopy. This can be attributed to aggregation initiated by silicate adsorption. The surface area of the indigenous metal oxide particles in the field trial soils is much higher (~1100 m2 g-1), pointing to the presence of ultra-small oxide particles (2.3 ± 0.4 nm). The initial soil surface area was 5.4 m2 g-1 and increased linearly with sludge application up to a maximum of 12.9 m2 g-1 when 27 g Fe oxides per kg soil was added. In case of a lower addition (~10-15 g Fe oxides per kg soil), a 10-fold reduction in the phosphate (P-PO4) concentration in 0.01 M CaCl2 soil extracts to 0.3 µM was possible. The adapted probe ion method is a valuable tool for quantifying changes in the soil surface area when amending soil with Fe oxide-containing materials. This information is important for mechanistically predicting the reduction in the P-PO4 solubility when such materials are used for immobilizing P in legacy P soils with a low P-PO4 adsorption capacity but with a high surface loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- G F Koopmans
- Chair Group Soil Chemistry and Chemical Soil Quality, Wageningen University, Wageningen University & Research (WUR), P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - T Hiemstra
- Chair Group Soil Chemistry and Chemical Soil Quality, Wageningen University, Wageningen University & Research (WUR), P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - C Vaseur
- Chair Group Soil Chemistry and Chemical Soil Quality, Wageningen University, Wageningen University & Research (WUR), P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - W J Chardon
- Wageningen Environmental Research, WUR, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - A Voegelin
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - J E Groenenberg
- Chair Group Soil Chemistry and Chemical Soil Quality, Wageningen University, Wageningen University & Research (WUR), P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; Wageningen Environmental Research, WUR, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
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29
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A Composite Bioinoculant Based on the Combined Application of Beneficial Bacteria and Fungi. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10020220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A composite soil bioinoculant containing beneficial bacteria and fungi was developed for biocontrol of plant pathogens, phosphorous mobilization, stem degradation, humification, and nitrogen fixation. A Trichoderma asperellum isolate with outstanding in vitro antagonistic abilities toward a series of plant pathogenic fungi was included as a potential biocontrol component. The selected strain was also shown to promote growth and increase photosynthetic activity of tomato plants. For phosphorous mobilization and stem degradation, a Trichoderma atrobrunneum strain was selected, which produced cellulose-degrading enzymes even in the absence of stem residues, while this ability increased 10–15-fold in the presence of ground maize stem. The strain was also shown to produce large amounts of enzymes liberating organically bound phosphorous, as well as cellulase and xylanase activities in solid-state fermentation on various plant residues. A Streptomyces albus strain with excellent peroxidase-producing abilities was selected as a potential humus-producing component, while an Azotobacter vinelandii strain with the potential to provide excess nitrogen for crops was included for nitrogen fixation. The assembled soil bioinoculant had positive effect on the uptake of certain important macro- and microelements (potassium, sodium, and manganese) from the soil by field-grown tomato plants. The applied screening strategy proved to be applicable for the assembly of a composite soil bioinoculant with notable application potentials.
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30
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Linkages between Phosphorus and Plant Diversity in Central European Forest Ecosystems—Complementarity or Competition? FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10121156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The phosphorus nutrition status of European forests has decreased significantly in recent decades. For a deeper understanding of complementarity and competition in terms of P acquisition in temperate forests, we have analyzed α-diversity, organic layer and mineral soil P, P nutrition status, and different concepts of P use efficiency (PUE) in Fagus sylvatica L. (European beech) and Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. (Norway spruce). Using a subset of the Second National Soil Survey in Germany, we correlated available data on P in the organic layer and soil with α-diversity indices for beech and spruce forests overall and for individual vegetation layers (tree, shrub, herb, and moss layers). Moreover, we investigated α-diversity feedbacks on P nutrition status and PUE of both tree species. The overall diversity of both forest ecosystems was largely positively related to P content in the organic layer and soil, but there were differences among the vegetation layers. Diversity in the tree layer of both forest ecosystems was negatively related to the organic layer and soil P. By contrast, shrub diversity showed no correlation to P, while herb layer diversity was negatively related to P in the organic layer but positively to P in soil. A higher tree layer diversity was slightly related to increased P recycling efficiency (PPlant/Porganic layer) in European beech and P uptake efficiency (PPlant/Psoil) in Norway spruce. The diversity in the herb layer was negatively related to P recycling and uptake efficiency in European beech and slightly related to P uptake efficiency in Norway spruce. In spruce forests, overall and herb species richness led to significantly improved tree nutrition status. Our results confirm significant, non-universal relationships between P and diversity in temperate forests with variations among forest ecosystems, vegetation layers, and P in the organic layer or soil. In particular, tree species diversity may enhance complementarity and hence also P nutrition of dominant forest trees through higher PUE, whereas moss and herb layers seemed to show competitive relationships among each other in nutrient cycling.
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31
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Macintosh KA, Doody DG, Withers PJA, McDowell RW, Smith DR, Johnson LT, Bruulsema TW, O'Flaherty V, McGrath JW. Transforming soil phosphorus fertility management strategies to support the delivery of multiple ecosystem services from agricultural systems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 649:90-98. [PMID: 30172137 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Despite greater emphasis on holistic phosphorus (P) management, current nutrient advice delivered at farm-scale still focuses almost exclusively on agricultural production. This limits our ability to address national and international strategies for the delivery of multiple ecosystem services (ES). Currently there is no operational framework in place to manage P fertility for multiple ES delivery and to identify the costs of potentially sacrificing crop yield and/or quality. As soil P fertility plays a central role in ES delivery, we argue that soil test phosphorus (STP) concentration provides a suitable common unit of measure by which delivering multiple ES can be economically valued relative to maximum potential yield, in $ ha-1 yr-1 units. This value can then be traded, or payments made against one another, at spatio-temporal scales relevant for farmer and national policy objectives. Implementation of this framework into current P fertility management strategies would allow for the integration and interaction of different stakeholder interests in ES delivery on-farm and in the wider landscape. Further progress in biophysical modeling of soil P dynamics is needed to inform its adoption across diverse landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina A Macintosh
- School of Biological Sciences and the Institute for Global Food Security, The Queen's University of Belfast, UK.
| | | | - Paul J A Withers
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Richard W McDowell
- AgResearch, Lincoln Science Centre, Christchurch, New Zealand; Soil and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Douglas R Smith
- Grassland, Soil and Water Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, TX, USA
| | - Laura T Johnson
- National Center for Water Quality Research, Heidelberg University, OH, USA
| | | | - Vincent O'Flaherty
- Microbial Ecology Laboratory, Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - John W McGrath
- School of Biological Sciences and the Institute for Global Food Security, The Queen's University of Belfast, UK
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Van Geel M, Jacquemyn H, Plue J, Saar L, Kasari L, Peeters G, van Acker K, Honnay O, Ceulemans T. Abiotic rather than biotic filtering shapes the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities of European seminatural grasslands. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 220:1262-1272. [PMID: 29243832 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Although it is well known that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play a key role in the functioning of natural ecosystems, the underlying drivers determining the composition of AMF communities remain unclear. In this study, we established 138 sampling plots at 46 grassland sites, consisting of 26 acidic grasslands and 20 calcareous grasslands spread across eight European countries, to assess the relative importance of abiotic and biotic filtering in driving AMF community composition and structure in both the grassland soils and in the roots of 13 grassland plant species. Soil AMF communities differed significantly between acidic and calcareous grasslands. In root AMF communities, most variance was attributable to soil variables while very little variation was explained by host plant identity. Root AMF communities in host plant species occurring in only one grassland type closely resembled the soil AMF communities of that grassland type and the root AMF communities of other host plant species occurring in the same grassland type. The observed AMF-host plants networks were not modular but nested. Our results indicate that abiotic conditions, rather than biotic filtering through host plant specificity, are the most important drivers in shaping AMF communities in European seminatural grasslands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Van Geel
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, Heverlee, 3001, Belgium
| | - Hans Jacquemyn
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, Heverlee, 3001, Belgium
| | - Jan Plue
- Biogeography and Geomatics, Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 114 18, Sweden
| | - Liina Saar
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu, 51005, Estonia
| | - Liis Kasari
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu, 51005, Estonia
| | - Gerrit Peeters
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, Heverlee, 3001, Belgium
| | - Kasper van Acker
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, Heverlee, 3001, Belgium
| | - Olivier Honnay
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, Heverlee, 3001, Belgium
| | - Tobias Ceulemans
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, Heverlee, 3001, Belgium
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33
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Bridging Gaps in the Agricultural Phosphorus Cycle from an Animal Husbandry Perspective—The Case of Pigs and Poultry. SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/su10061825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Liu X, Burslem DFRP, Taylor JD, Taylor AFS, Khoo E, Majalap-Lee N, Helgason T, Johnson D. Partitioning of soil phosphorus among arbuscular and ectomycorrhizal trees in tropical and subtropical forests. Ecol Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xubing Liu
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Aberdeen; Cruickshank Building, St Machar Drive Aberdeen AB24 3UU UK
- Department of Ecology; School of Life Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - David F. R. P. Burslem
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Aberdeen; Cruickshank Building, St Machar Drive Aberdeen AB24 3UU UK
| | - Joe D. Taylor
- Department of Biology; University of York; Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
- School of Environment and Life Sciences; University of Salford; The Crescent Salford M5 4WT UK
| | - Andy F. S. Taylor
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Aberdeen; Cruickshank Building, St Machar Drive Aberdeen AB24 3UU UK
- The James Hutton Institute; Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH UK
| | - Eyen Khoo
- Forest Research Centre; Sabah Forestry Department; Sandakan 90715 Malaysia
| | - Noreen Majalap-Lee
- Forest Research Centre; Sabah Forestry Department; Sandakan 90715 Malaysia
| | - Thorunn Helgason
- Department of Biology; University of York; Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - David Johnson
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences; The University of Manchester; Manchester M13 9PT UK
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Mycorrhizal fungi show regular community compositions in natural ecosystems. ISME JOURNAL 2017; 12:380-385. [PMID: 28984847 PMCID: PMC5776451 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2017.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Dissimilarity overlap curve analysis has shown that 'universality' is a common feature in many complex microbial communities, suggesting that the same taxa interact in a similar manner when shared between communities. We present evidence that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, common plant root symbionts, show universal community compositions in natural ecosystems and that this pattern is conserved even at larger spatial scales. However, universality was not detected in agricultural ecosystems potentially implying that agricultural symbiont communities are formed in a different manner.
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36
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Hedwall PO, Bergh J, Brunet J. Phosphorus and nitrogen co-limitation of forest ground vegetation under elevated anthropogenic nitrogen deposition. Oecologia 2017; 185:317-326. [PMID: 28884383 PMCID: PMC5617880 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-017-3945-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Plant growth in northern forest ecosystems is considered to be primarily nitrogen limited. Nitrogen deposition is predicted to change this towards co-limitation/limitation by other nutrients (e.g., phosphorus), although evidence of such stoichiometric effects is scarce. We utilized two forest fertilization experiments in southern Sweden to analyze single and combined effects of nitrogen and phosphorus on the productivity, composition, and diversity of the ground vegetation. Our results indicate that the productivity of forest ground vegetation in southern Sweden is co-limited by nitrogen and phosphorus. Additionally, the combined effect of nitrogen and phosphorus on the productivity was larger than when applied solely. No effects on species richness of any of these two nutrients were observed when applied separately, while applied in combination, they increased species richness and changed species composition, mainly by promoting more mesotrophic species. All these effects, however, occurred only for the vascular plants and not for bryophytes. The tree layer in a forest has a profound impact on the productivity and diversity of the ground vegetation by competing for both light and nutrients. This was confirmed in our study where a combination of nitrogen and high tree basal area reduced cover of the ground vegetation compared to all the other treatments where basal area was lower after stand thinning. During the past decades, nitrogen deposition may have further increased this competition from the trees for phosphorus and gradually reduced ground vegetation diversity. Phosphorus limitation induced by nitrogen deposition may, thus, contribute to ongoing changes in forest ground vegetation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per-Ola Hedwall
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sundsvägen 3, 230 53, Alnarp, Sweden.
| | - Johan Bergh
- Department of Forestry and Wood Technology, Linnaeus University, 351 95, Växjö, Sweden
| | - Jörg Brunet
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sundsvägen 3, 230 53, Alnarp, Sweden
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Stiles WAV, Rowe EC, Dennis P. Long-term nitrogen and phosphorus enrichment alters vegetation species composition and reduces carbon storage in upland soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 593-594:688-694. [PMID: 28366869 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive nitrogen (N) deposition can affect ecosystem processes, particularly in oligotrophic upland habitats. Phosphorus (P) addition has been proposed to reduce the effects of N enrichment on N leaching and acidification, since P limitation can reduce biomass production and consequent sequestration of reactive N. However, biodiversity is often reduced in more productive ecosystems and P limitation may protect against this effect. Responses to P availability in instances of high N deposition are poorly understood. This study investigated the ecosystem response to alleviation of P limitation, using a long-term nutrient addition experiment (1996-2012) three years after ceasing N inputs and 15years after a single P application. Substantial differences were observed in the structure and composition of vegetation species and above-ground vegetation biomass. Vegetation height was greater in the N+P addition treatments (+38% cf. control), with increased cryptogam cover (+47%), whereas N addition increased graminoid species cover (+68%). Vegetation diversity was significantly reduced by the addition of P (-21%), indicating that P limitation is likely to be an important mechanism that limits biodiversity loss in upland habitats exposed to chronic N deposition. Significant differences in soil C and N contents were also observed between treatments. Relative to control, the addition of N increased soil C (+11%) and N (+11%) pool sizes, whereas the addition of N and P reduced soil C (-12%) and N (-13%) pool sizes. This demonstrated the importance of P availability for upland ecosystem processes, and highlights the long-term effects of P addition on vegetation species composition and C storage. Thus, the addition of P cannot be endorsed as a method for reducing impacts of N deposition. Capsule: Phosphorus limitation is a major mechanism governing ecosystem processes in situations of high atmospheric nitrogen deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A V Stiles
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Penglais Campus, Aberystwyth University, Wales SY23 3DD, United Kingdom.
| | - Edwin C Rowe
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bangor, Environment Centre Wales, Bangor LL57 2UP, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Dennis
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Penglais Campus, Aberystwyth University, Wales SY23 3DD, United Kingdom
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38
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Biederman L, Mortensen B, Fay P, Hagenah N, Knops J, La Pierre K, Laungani R, Lind E, McCulley R, Power S, Seabloom E, Tognetti P. Nutrient addition shifts plant community composition towards earlier flowering species in some prairie ecoregions in the U.S. Central Plains. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178440. [PMID: 28552986 PMCID: PMC5446158 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The distribution of flowering across the growing season is governed by each species’ evolutionary history and climatic variability. However, global change factors, such as eutrophication and invasion, can alter plant community composition and thus change the distribution of flowering across the growing season. We examined three ecoregions (tall-, mixed, and short-grass prairie) across the U.S. Central Plains to determine how nutrient (nitrogen (N), phosphorus, and potassium (+micronutrient)) addition alters the temporal patterns of plant flowering traits. We calculated total community flowering potential (FP) by distributing peak-season plant cover values across the growing season, allocating each species’ cover to only those months in which it typically flowers. We also generated separate FP profiles for exotic and native species and functional group. We compared the ability of the added nutrients to shift the distribution of these FP profiles (total and sub-groups) across the growing season. In all ecoregions, N increased the relative cover of both exotic species and C3 graminoids that flower in May through August. The cover of C4 graminoids decreased with added N, but the response varied by ecoregion and month. However, these functional changes only aggregated to shift the entire community’s FP profile in the tall-grass prairie, where the relative cover of plants expected to flower in May and June increased and those that flower in September and October decreased with added N. The relatively low native cover in May and June may leave this ecoregion vulnerable to disturbance-induced invasion by exotic species that occupy this temporal niche. There was no change in the FP profile of the mixed and short-grass prairies with N addition as increased abundance of exotic species and C3 graminoids replaced other species that flower at the same time. In these communities a disturbance other than nutrient addition may be required to disrupt phenological patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori Biederman
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Brent Mortensen
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Philip Fay
- USDA-ARS Grassland Soil and Water Research Lab, United States Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service, Temple, Texas, United States of America
| | - Nicole Hagenah
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Johannes Knops
- School of Biological Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Kimberly La Pierre
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Ramesh Laungani
- Department of Biology, Doane University, Crete, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Eric Lind
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Rebecca McCulley
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Sally Power
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Eric Seabloom
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Pedro Tognetti
- IFEVA, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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39
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Conradi T, Temperton VM, Kollmann J. Resource availability determines the importance of niche-based versus stochastic community assembly in grasslands. OIKOS 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.03969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timo Conradi
- Restoration Ecology, Dept of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technical Univ. of Munich; Freising Germany
- Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Dept of Bioscience, Aarhus Univ.; Ny Munkegade 116 DK-8000 Aarhus Denmark
| | - Vicky M. Temperton
- Ecosystem Functioning and Services, Inst. of Ecology, Leuphana Univ. of Lüneburg; Lüneburg Germany
| | - Johannes Kollmann
- Restoration Ecology, Dept of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technical Univ. of Munich; Freising Germany
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40
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Hájek M, Dresler P, Hájková P, Hettenbergerová E, Milo P, Plesková Z, Pavonič M. Long-lasting Imprint of Former Glassworks on Vegetation Pattern in an Extremely Species-rich Grassland: A Battle of Species Pools on Mesic Soils. Ecosystems 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-017-0107-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ceulemans T, Bodé S, Bollyn J, Harpole S, Coorevits K, Peeters G, Van Acker K, Smolders E, Boeckx P, Honnay O. Phosphorus resource partitioning shapes phosphorus acquisition and plant species abundance in grasslands. NATURE PLANTS 2017; 3:16224. [PMID: 28134925 DOI: 10.1038/nplants.2016.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Species diversity is commonly hypothesized to result from trade-offs for different limiting resources, providing separate niches for coexisting species1-4. As soil nutrients occur in multiple chemical forms, plant differences in acquisition of the same element derived from different compounds may represent unique niche dimensions5,6. Because plant productivity of ecosystems is often limited by phosphorus7, and because plants have evolved diverse adaptations to acquire soil phosphorus6,8, a promising yet untested hypothesis is phosphorus resource partitioning6,9,10. Here, we provided two different chemical forms of phosphorus to sown grassland mesocosms to investigate phosphorus acquisition of eight plant species that are common in European grasslands, and to identify subsequent patterns of plant abundance. For the first time, we show that the relative abundance of grassland plant species can be influenced by soil phosphorus forms, as higher abundance was linked to higher acquisition of a specific form of phosphorus. These results were supported by a subsequent isotope dilution experiment using intact grassland sods that were treated with different inorganic or organic phosphorus forms. Here, 5 out of 14 species showed greater phosphorus acquisition in the inorganic phosphorus treatment, and 4 in the organic phosphorus treatments. Furthermore, for the species used in both experiments we found similar acquisition patterns. Our results support the hypothesis of phosphorus resource partitioning and may provide a new mechanistic framework to explain high plant diversity in phosphorus-poor ecosystems6,11-13. As world biodiversity hotspots are almost invariably related to phosphorus limitation8,11,12, our results may thus also be key to understanding biodiversity loss in an era of ever-increasing nutrient enrichment14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Ceulemans
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Department of Biology, University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Samuel Bodé
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory - ISOFYS, Department of Applied Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Jessica Bollyn
- Soil and Water Management, Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stanley Harpole
- Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Kristin Coorevits
- Soil and Water Management, Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gerrit Peeters
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Department of Biology, University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kasper Van Acker
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Department of Biology, University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erik Smolders
- Soil and Water Management, Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pascal Boeckx
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory - ISOFYS, Department of Applied Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Olivier Honnay
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Department of Biology, University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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Pakeman RJ, Alexander J, Brooker R, Cummins R, Fielding D, Gore S, Hewison R, Mitchell R, Moore E, Orford K, Pemberton C, Trinder C, Lewis R. Long-term impacts of nitrogen deposition on coastal plant communities. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 212:337-347. [PMID: 26854704 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.01.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen deposition has been shown to have significant impacts on a range of vegetation types resulting in eutrophication and species compositional change. Data from a re-survey of 89 coastal sites in Scotland, UK, c. 34 years after the initial survey were examined to assess the degree of change in species composition that could be accounted for by nitrogen deposition. There was an overall increase in the Ellenberg Indicator Value for nitrogen (EIV-N) of 0.15 between the surveys, with a clear shift to species characteristic of more eutrophic situations. This was most evident for Acid grassland, Fixed dune, Heath, Slack and Tall grass mire communities and despite falls in EIV-N for Improved grass, Strand and Wet grassland. The increase in EIV-N was highly correlated to the cumulative deposition between the surveys, and for sites in south-east Scotland, eutrophication impacts appear severe. Unlike other studies, there appears to have been no decline in species richness associated with nitrogen deposition, though losses of species were observed on sites with the very highest levels of SOx deposition. It appears that dune vegetation (specifically Fixed dune) shows evidence of eutrophication above 4.1 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1), or 5.92 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) if the lower 95% confidence interval is used. Coastal vegetation appears highly sensitive to nitrogen deposition, and it is suggested that major changes could have occurred prior to the first survey in 1976.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin J Pakeman
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK.
| | - Jim Alexander
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK
| | - Rob Brooker
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK
| | - Roger Cummins
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK
| | - Debbie Fielding
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK
| | - Sarah Gore
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK
| | - Richard Hewison
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK
| | - Ruth Mitchell
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK
| | - Emily Moore
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, Ashworth Laboratories, Charlotte Auerbach Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK
| | - Katy Orford
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Clare Pemberton
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK
| | - Clare Trinder
- School of Biological Science, Cruickshank Building, St Machar Drive, Aberdeen AB24 3UL, UK
| | - Rob Lewis
- Department of Bioscience - Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 116, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Gillet F, Mauchamp L, Badot P, Mouly A. Recent changes in mountain grasslands: a vegetation resampling study. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:2333-45. [PMID: 27069582 PMCID: PMC4782259 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how land-use changes affect different facets of plant biodiversity in seminatural European grasslands is of particular importance for biodiversity conservation. As conclusions of previous experimental or synchronic observational studies did not converge toward a general agreement, assessing the recent trends in vegetation change in various grassland systems using a diachronic approach is needed. In this resurvey study, we investigated the recent changes in grassland vegetation of the French Jura Mountains, a region with a long tradition of pastoralism. We compared the floristic composition of 150 grassland plots recorded between 1990 and 2000 with new relevés made in 2012 on the same plots. We considered taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity as well as ecological characteristics of the plant communities derived from ecological indicator values and life strategies of the species. PCA of the floristic composition revealed a significant general trend linked to the sampling year. Wilcoxon paired tests showed that contemporary communities were generally more dominated by grass species and presented a higher tolerance to defoliation, a higher pastoral value, and a higher nutrient indicator value. Comparisons revealed a decrease in phylogenetic and functional diversity. By contrast, local species richness has slightly increased. The intensity of change in species composition, measured by Hellinger distance between pairs of relevés, was dependent on neither the time lag between the two surveys, the author of the first relevé nor its location or elevation. The most important changes were observed in grasslands that previously presented low pastoral value, low grass cover, low tolerance to defoliation, and high proportion of stress-tolerant species. This trend was likely linked to the intensification of grassland management reported in the region, with a parallel increase in mowing frequency, grazing pressure, and fertilization level. More restrictive specifications should be applied to agricultural practices to avoid overexploitation of mountain species-rich grasslands and its negative consequences on their biodiversity and resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Gillet
- Université Bourgogne Franche‐Comté – CNRSUMR 6249 Chrono‐environnement16 route de Gray25030Besançon CedexFrance
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLaboratory of Ecological SystemsStation 21015LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Leslie Mauchamp
- Université Bourgogne Franche‐Comté – CNRSUMR 6249 Chrono‐environnement16 route de Gray25030Besançon CedexFrance
| | - Pierre‐Marie Badot
- Université Bourgogne Franche‐Comté – CNRSUMR 6249 Chrono‐environnement16 route de Gray25030Besançon CedexFrance
| | - Arnaud Mouly
- Université Bourgogne Franche‐Comté – CNRSUMR 6249 Chrono‐environnement16 route de Gray25030Besançon CedexFrance
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Timmermans BGH, van Eekeren N. Phytoextraction of Soil Phosphorus by Potassium-Fertilized Grass-Clover Swards. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2016; 45:701-708. [PMID: 27065418 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2015.08.0422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In the development of the Dutch National Ecological Network, many hectares of arable land are converted to nature areas to protect plant and animal species. This encompasses development of species-rich grasslands. On former agricultural land on sandy soils, this development is often hampered by relatively high phosphorus (P) levels, which also cause eutrophication. Standard practices to decrease the amount of P are either topsoil removal or long-term mowing of low-yielding established grassland. Both methods have disadvantages, and there is a need for additional techniques. As an alternative, phytoextraction ("mining") of soil P has been proposed. We tested a new technique of mining without mineral N fertilizer by cropping an intensively mown grass-clover with potassium (K) fertilization that could potentially be used as cattle feed. A long-term field experiment was conducted, comparing soil P removal by grass-clover swards with and without supplementary K fertilization on a sandy soil. During the experiment, which ran from 2002 to 2009, soil P levels and nutrient contents of grass-clover were measured, and P and K balances were calculated. Our results show that grass-clover with K fertilization removed excess soil P (also at lower P levels) at a relatively high rate (34 kg P ha yr, significantly higher than without K fertilization; < 0.05) and produced reasonable yields of grass-clover. Our P balance suggested reduced leaching from the topsoil during this experiment. For nature restoration in agricultural areas, this tool opens many possibilities.
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Köhler IH, Macdonald AJ, Schnyder H. Last-Century Increases in Intrinsic Water-Use Efficiency of Grassland Communities Have Occurred over a Wide Range of Vegetation Composition, Nutrient Inputs, and Soil pH. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 170:881-90. [PMID: 26620525 PMCID: PMC4734565 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Last-century climate change has led to variable increases of the intrinsic water-use efficiency (Wi; the ratio of net CO2 assimilation to stomatal conductance for water vapor) of trees and C3 grassland ecosystems, but the causes of the variability are not well understood. Here, we address putative drivers underlying variable Wi responses in a wide range of grassland communities. Wi was estimated from carbon isotope discrimination in archived herbage samples from 16 contrasting fertilizer treatments in the Park Grass Experiment, Rothamsted, England, for the 1915 to 1929 and 1995 to 2009 periods. Changes in Wi were analyzed in relation to nitrogen input, soil pH, species richness, and functional group composition. Treatments included liming as well as phosphorus and potassium additions with or without ammonium or nitrate fertilizer applications at three levels. Wi increased between 11% and 25% (P < 0.001) in the different treatments between the two periods. None of the fertilizers had a direct effect on the change of Wi (ΔWi). However, soil pH (P < 0.05), species richness (P < 0.01), and percentage grass content (P < 0.01) were significantly related to ΔWi. Grass-dominated, species-poor plots on acidic soils showed the largest ΔWi (+14.7 μmol mol(-1)). The ΔWi response of these acidic plots was probably related to drought effects resulting from aluminum toxicity on root growth. Our results from the Park Grass Experiment show that Wi in grassland communities consistently increased over a wide range of nutrient inputs, soil pH, and plant community compositions during the last century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris H Köhler
- Lehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre, Technische Universität München, 85350 Freising, Germany (I.H.K., H.S.); andSustainable Soils and Grassland Systems Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom (A.J.M.)
| | - Andy J Macdonald
- Lehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre, Technische Universität München, 85350 Freising, Germany (I.H.K., H.S.); andSustainable Soils and Grassland Systems Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom (A.J.M.)
| | - Hans Schnyder
- Lehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre, Technische Universität München, 85350 Freising, Germany (I.H.K., H.S.); andSustainable Soils and Grassland Systems Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom (A.J.M.)
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De Keersmaecker W, van Rooijen N, Lhermitte S, Tits L, Schaminée J, Coppin P, Honnay O, Somers B. Species-rich semi-natural grasslands have a higher resistance but a lower resilience than intensively managed agricultural grasslands in response to climate anomalies. J Appl Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nils van Rooijen
- Ecologie, Evolutie en Biodiversiteitsbehoud; KU Leuven; 3001 Heverlee Belgium
- Department of Experimental Plant Ecology; Radboud University Nijmegen; 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Stef Lhermitte
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences; KULeuven; 3001 Heverlee Belgium
| | - Laurent Tits
- Division of Crop Biotechnics; KU Leuven; 3001 Heverlee Belgium
| | - Joop Schaminée
- Department of Experimental Plant Ecology; Radboud University Nijmegen; 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Alterra; Wageningen University & Research Centre; 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Pol Coppin
- Division of Crop Biotechnics; KU Leuven; 3001 Heverlee Belgium
| | - Olivier Honnay
- Ecologie, Evolutie en Biodiversiteitsbehoud; KU Leuven; 3001 Heverlee Belgium
| | - Ben Somers
- Division Forest, Nature and Landscape; KU Leuven; 3001 Heverlee Belgium
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Schelfhout S, De Schrijver A, De Bolle S, De Gelder L, Demey A, Du Pré T, De Neve S, Haesaert G, Verheyen K, Mertens J. Phosphorus mining for ecological restoration on former agricultural land. Restor Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Schelfhout
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Ghent University; Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1 9000 Ghent Belgium
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Forest and Water Management, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Ghent University; Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267 9090 Gontrode (Melle) Belgium
| | - An De Schrijver
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Forest and Water Management, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Ghent University; Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267 9090 Gontrode (Melle) Belgium
| | - Sara De Bolle
- Department of Soil Management, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Ghent University; Coupure Links 653 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Leen De Gelder
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Ghent University; Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Andreas Demey
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Forest and Water Management, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Ghent University; Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267 9090 Gontrode (Melle) Belgium
| | - Tom Du Pré
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Ghent University; Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Stefaan De Neve
- Department of Soil Management, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Ghent University; Coupure Links 653 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Geert Haesaert
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Ghent University; Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Kris Verheyen
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Forest and Water Management, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Ghent University; Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267 9090 Gontrode (Melle) Belgium
| | - Jan Mertens
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Ghent University; Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1 9000 Ghent Belgium
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Experimental fertilization increases amino acid content in floral nectar, fruit set and degree of selfing in the orchid Gymnadenia conopsea. Oecologia 2015; 179:785-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-015-3381-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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