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Popa A, Popa I, Badea O, Bosela M. Non-linear response of Norway spruce to climate variation along elevational and age gradients in the Carpathians. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:119073. [PMID: 38710428 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Climate change, namely increased warming coupled with a rise in extreme events (e.g., droughts, storms, heatwaves), is negatively affecting forest ecosystems worldwide. In these ecosystems, growth dynamics and biomass accumulation are driven mainly by environmental constraints, inter-tree competition, and disturbance regimes. Usually, climate-growth relationships are assessed by linear correlation due to the simplicity and straightforwardness of modeling. However, applying this method may bias results, since the ecological and physiological responses of trees to environmental factors are non-linear, and usually bell-shaped. In the Eastern Carpathian, Norway spruce is at the southeasternmost edge of its natural occurrence; this region is thus potentially vulnerable to climate change. A non-linear assessment of climate-growth relationships using machine-learning techniques for Norway spruce in this area had not been conducted prior to this study. To address this knowledge gap, we analyzed a large tree-ring network from 158 stands, with over 3000 trees of varying age distributed along an elevational gradient. Our results showed that non-linearity in the growth-climate response of spruce was season-specific: temperatures from the previous autumn and current growing season, along with water availability during winter, induced a bell-shaped response. Moreover, we found that at low elevations, spruce growth was mainly limited by water availability in the growing season, while winter temperatures are likely to have had a slight influence along the entire elevational gradient. Furthermore, at elevations lower than 1400 m, spruce trees were also found to be sensitive to previous autumn water availability. Overall, our results shed new light on the response of Norway spruce to climate in the Carpathians, which may aid in management decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Popa
- National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry 'Marin Dracea', Bucharest, Romania; Faculty of Silviculture and Forest Engineering, Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov, Romania
| | - Ionel Popa
- National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry 'Marin Dracea', Bucharest, Romania; Center for Mountain Economy (CE-MONT), Vatra Dornei, Romania.
| | - Ovidiu Badea
- National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry 'Marin Dracea', Bucharest, Romania; Faculty of Silviculture and Forest Engineering, Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov, Romania
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2
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Leifsson C, Buras A, Klesse S, Baittinger C, Bat-Enerel B, Battipaglia G, Biondi F, Stajić B, Budeanu M, Čada V, Cavin L, Claessens H, Čufar K, de Luis M, Dorado-Liñán I, Dulamsuren C, Garamszegi B, Grabner M, Hacket-Pain A, Hansen JK, Hartl C, Huang W, Janda P, Jump AS, Kazimirović M, Knutzen F, Kreyling J, Land A, Latte N, Lebourgeois F, Leuschner C, Longares LA, Martinez Del Castillo E, Menzel A, Motta R, Muffler-Weigel L, Nola P, Panayatov M, Petritan AM, Petritan IC, Popa I, Roibu CC, Rubio-Cuadrado Á, Rydval M, Scharnweber T, Camarero JJ, Svoboda M, Toromani E, Trotsiuk V, van der Maaten-Theunissen M, van der Maaten E, Weigel R, Wilmking M, Zlatanov T, Rammig A, Zang CS. Identifying drivers of non-stationary climate-growth relationships of European beech. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 937:173321. [PMID: 38782287 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The future performance of the widely abundant European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) across its ecological amplitude is uncertain. Although beech is considered drought-sensitive and thus negatively affected by drought events, scientific evidence indicating increasing drought vulnerability under climate change on a cross-regional scale remains elusive. While evaluating changes in climate sensitivity of secondary growth offers a promising avenue, studies from productive, closed-canopy forests suffer from knowledge gaps, especially regarding the natural variability of climate sensitivity and how it relates to radial growth as an indicator of tree vitality. Since beech is sensitive to drought, we in this study use a drought index as a climate variable to account for the combined effects of temperature and water availability and explore how the drought sensitivity of secondary growth varies temporally in dependence on growth variability, growth trends, and climatic water availability across the species' ecological amplitude. Our results show that drought sensitivity is highly variable and non-stationary, though consistently higher at dry sites compared to moist sites. Increasing drought sensitivity can largely be explained by increasing climatic aridity, especially as it is exacerbated by climate change and trees' rank progression within forest communities, as (co-)dominant trees are more sensitive to extra-canopy climatic conditions than trees embedded in understories. However, during the driest periods of the 20th century, growth showed clear signs of being decoupled from climate. This may indicate fundamental changes in system behavior and be early-warning signals of decreasing drought tolerance. The multiple significant interaction terms in our model elucidate the complexity of European beech's drought sensitivity, which needs to be taken into consideration when assessing this species' response to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Leifsson
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, Land Surface-Atmosphere Interactions, Hans-Carl-v.-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany.
| | - Allan Buras
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, Land Surface-Atmosphere Interactions, Hans-Carl-v.-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Stefan Klesse
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Baittinger
- The National Museum of Denmark, Environmental Archaeology and Materials Science, I.C. Modewegs Vej 11, DK - 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Banzragch Bat-Enerel
- Plant Ecology, University of Goettingen, 37073 Goettingen, Germany; Applied Vegetation Ecology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Franco Biondi
- DendroLab, Dept. of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Branko Stajić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marius Budeanu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry Marin Dracea, 13 Closca street, Brasov, Romania
| | - Vojtěch Čada
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamycka 129, Praha 6, Suchdol 16521, Czech Republic
| | - Liam Cavin
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK
| | - Hugues Claessens
- Forest is Life, ULiège, Passage des Déportés 2, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Katarina Čufar
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Wood Science and Technology, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Martin de Luis
- Dpto. de Geografía y Ordenación del Territorio, IUCA, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/ Pedro Cerbuna s/n, 50009 Zaragoza. Spain
| | - Isabel Dorado-Liñán
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Choimaa Dulamsuren
- Applied Vegetation Ecology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Balázs Garamszegi
- Institute of Forest Ecology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Grabner
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrew Hacket-Pain
- Department of Geography and Planning, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Jon Kehlet Hansen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claudia Hartl
- Nature Rings - Environmental Research & Education, 55118 Mainz, Germany
| | - Weiwei Huang
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Pavel Janda
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamycka 129, Praha 6, Suchdol 16521, Czech Republic
| | - Alistair S Jump
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK
| | | | - Florian Knutzen
- Climate Service Center Germany (GERICS), Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Fischertwiete 1, 20095 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kreyling
- University of Greifswald, Experimental Plant Ecology, Soldmannstraße 15, 17498 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Alexander Land
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Biology (190a), Garbenstraße 30, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nicolas Latte
- Forest is Life, ULiège, Passage des Déportés 2, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | | | | | - Luis A Longares
- Dpto. de Geografía y Ordenación del Territorio, IUCA, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/ Pedro Cerbuna s/n, 50009 Zaragoza. Spain
| | | | - Annette Menzel
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, Ecoclimatology, Hans-Carl-v.-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Renzo Motta
- Department of Agricoltural Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Lena Muffler-Weigel
- Ecological-Botanical Garden, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Paola Nola
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Via S. Epifanio 14, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Momchil Panayatov
- University of Forestry, Dendrology Department, Forest Faculty, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Any Mary Petritan
- National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry Marin Dracea, 13 Closca street, Brasov, Romania
| | - Ion Catalin Petritan
- Faculty of Silviculture and Forest Engineering, Department of Forest Engineering, Forest Management Planning and Terrestrial Measurements, Transilvania University of Braşov, Braşov, Romania
| | - Ionel Popa
- National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry Marin Dracea, 13 Closca street, Brasov, Romania; Center for Mountain Economy (CE-MONT), Vatra Dornei, Romania
| | - Cǎtǎlin-Constantin Roibu
- Forest Biometrics Laboratory, Faculty of Forestry, "Stefan cel Mare" University of Suceava, Universitatii street, no. 13, Suceava RO720229, Romania
| | - Álvaro Rubio-Cuadrado
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miloš Rydval
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamycka 129, Praha 6, Suchdol 16521, Czech Republic
| | - Tobias Scharnweber
- Institute for Botany and Landscape Ecology, University Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - J Julio Camarero
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE), CSIC, Avda. Montañana 1005, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Miroslav Svoboda
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamycka 129, Praha 6, Suchdol 16521, Czech Republic
| | - Elvin Toromani
- Department of Forestry, Agricultural University Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | - Volodymyr Trotsiuk
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | | | - Ernst van der Maaten
- Chair of Forest Growth and Woody Biomass Production, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert Weigel
- Ecological-Botanical Garden, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Martin Wilmking
- Institute for Botany and Landscape Ecology, University Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Tzvetan Zlatanov
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Gagarin Street, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Anja Rammig
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, Land Surface-Atmosphere Interactions, Hans-Carl-v.-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Christian S Zang
- Weihenstephan-Triesdorf University of Applied Sciences, Department of Forestry, Hans-Carl-v.-Carlowitz-Platz 3, 85354 Freising, Germany
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Mazza G, Monteverdi MC, Altieri S, Battipaglia G. Climate-driven growth dynamics and trend reversal of Fagus sylvatica L. and Quercus cerris L. in a low-elevation beech forest in Central Italy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168250. [PMID: 37926261 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
In highly climate-change-sensitive regions, such as the Mediterranean, increasing knowledge of climate-driven growth dynamics is required for habitat conservation and forecasting species adaptability under future climate change. In this study, we test a high spectrum of climatic signals, not only monthly and seasonal but also on a multi-year scale and include the single tree analysis to answer this issue, focusing on a low-elevation thermophilic old-growth beech forest surrounding the Bracciano Lake in Central Italy. Through a dendroecological and isotope analysis, we evaluate both short- and long-term sensitivity of F. sylvatica and the coexisting better-drought-adapted species Q. cerris to climatic and hydrological variability in terms of growth reduction and δ13C responses. After the 1990s, beech trees showed a climate-driven decrease in growth compared to oak, especially after 2003 (-20 % of basal area increment), with a significant growth trend reversal between the species. For F. sylvatica, the significant correlations with precipitation decreased, whereas for Q. cerris, they increased, with a higher number of trees positively influenced. However, the temperature highlighted more clearly the contrasting climate-growth correlation pattern between the two species. In F. sylvatica after the '90s, the negative effect of temperatures has significantly intensified, as shown by past summer values up to four years previously, involving about half of the trees. Surprisingly, the water-level fluctuations showed a highly significant influence on tree-ring growth in both species. Nevertheless, it reduced after the '90s. Finally, Q. cerris trees showed a significantly higher ability to recover their growth levels after extreme droughts (+55 %). The growth trend reversal and the shift in iWUE of the last years may point to potential changes in the future species composition, raising the need for climate-adaptive silviculture (e.g., selective thinning) to reduce growth decline, enhance resilience and favour the natural regeneration of the target species for habitat conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Simona Altieri
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, Caserta, Italy
| | - Giovanna Battipaglia
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, Caserta, Italy
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4
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Xue R, Jiao L, Zhang P, Du D, Wu X, Wei M, Li Q, Wang X, Qi C. The key role of ecological resilience in radial growth processes of conifers under drought stress in the subalpine zone of marginal deserts. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166864. [PMID: 37683873 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change is exacerbating drought pressure on forests. However, the response patterns and physiological mechanisms of conifer species to drought, specifically in terms of radial growth, ecological resilience and soil water utilization, are not clearly understood. This study aims to quantify the effects of resilience on radial growth and identify the role of soil moisture utilization strategies in the resilience of species under drought intensities. We focus on two conifer species, Picea crassifolia (spruce) and Pinus tabuliformis (pine), located on the southern edge of the Tengger Desert in northwestern China. The dynamics of radial growth and ecological resilience were identified, and the seasonal growth rates of species based on soil water were simulated using the VS-oscilloscope model under varying drought stress. The results showed that spruce growth and recovery contributed by soil water were suppressed with frequent severe droughts, leading to a decline in growth (-0.5 cm2 year-1/10a, p < 0.05), despite its greater resistance to mild and moderate drought (-4.63 %). However, pine exhibited a stronger recovery (+40.25 %, p < 0.05) and higher variation in growth (-0.3 cm2 year-1/10a, p < 0.05) under soil moisture stress, despite its weaker resistance to drought (-23.53 %, p < 0.05). These findings provide insights into the growth, resilience, and water adaptation mechanisms of species under drought events, and theoretical support for the conservation and management of conifer diversity and forest ecosystem stability in climate-sensitive regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhong Xue
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, No. 967, Anning East Road, Lanzhou 730070, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and Sustainable Development of Oasis, Gansu Province, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Liang Jiao
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, No. 967, Anning East Road, Lanzhou 730070, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and Sustainable Development of Oasis, Gansu Province, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Peng Zhang
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, No. 967, Anning East Road, Lanzhou 730070, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and Sustainable Development of Oasis, Gansu Province, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Dashi Du
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, No. 967, Anning East Road, Lanzhou 730070, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and Sustainable Development of Oasis, Gansu Province, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xuan Wu
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, No. 967, Anning East Road, Lanzhou 730070, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and Sustainable Development of Oasis, Gansu Province, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Mengyuan Wei
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, No. 967, Anning East Road, Lanzhou 730070, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and Sustainable Development of Oasis, Gansu Province, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Qian Li
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, No. 967, Anning East Road, Lanzhou 730070, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and Sustainable Development of Oasis, Gansu Province, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xuge Wang
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, No. 967, Anning East Road, Lanzhou 730070, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and Sustainable Development of Oasis, Gansu Province, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Changliang Qi
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, No. 967, Anning East Road, Lanzhou 730070, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and Sustainable Development of Oasis, Gansu Province, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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5
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Verschuren L, De Mil T, De Frenne P, Haneca K, Van Acker J, Vandekerkhove K, Van den Bulcke J. Heading for a fall: The fate of old wind-thrown beech trees (Fagus sylvatica) is detectable in their growth pattern. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166148. [PMID: 37574075 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Common beech (Fagus sylvatica) is one of the most important deciduous tree species in European forests. However, climate-change-induced drought may threaten its dominant position. The Sonian Forest close to Brussels (Belgium) is home to some of the largest beech trees in the world. This UNESCO world heritage site is famous for its high density of very large beech trees as a result of its climatic suitability, fertile soil conditions, and past management. Here we utilized tree-ring data from increment cores to investigate the growth of these old and monumental beech trees, evaluating their growth trends, response to past climate, and the effect of mast years on 39 living and 16 recently wind-thrown trees. Our analysis reveals that the sampled trees were generally sensitive to spring and summer droughts but recovered quickly after such an extreme climatic event. The growth trend of living trees has remained high and only shows a slight, statistically insignificant, decline over the past 50 years. Although the overall growth rate remains strong (BAI 50 cm2/year), the past five decades have shown strong inter-annual growth variations due to frequent and more intense droughts combined with an increased frequency of mast years. We also found notable differences in growth patterns between the living trees and those that had recently been wind-thrown. While there were no significant differences between living and wind-thrown trees in response to droughts, heatwaves, or mast years when examining year-to-year growth changes, the wind-thrown trees did exhibit considerably lower overall growth rates and a significant downward trend in growth (BAI -0.57 cm2/year). This difference in growth trends has been apparent since at least the 1980s. Overall, the findings of this study can provide valuable insights for understanding the long-term dynamics of lowland beech forests and their responses to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Verschuren
- UGent-Woodlab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Centre for X-ray Tomography, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090 Melle, Belgium.
| | - Tom De Mil
- Forest is life, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech. University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Pieter De Frenne
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090 Melle, Belgium.
| | - Kristof Haneca
- Flanders Heritage Agency, Herman Teirlinckgebouw, Havenlaan 88 bus 5, 1000 Brussel, Belgium.
| | - Joris Van Acker
- UGent-Woodlab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Centre for X-ray Tomography, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Kris Vandekerkhove
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Gaverstraat 4 and 35, 9500 Geraardsbergen, Belgium.
| | - Jan Van den Bulcke
- UGent-Woodlab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Centre for X-ray Tomography, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Heilmayr R, Dudney J, Moore FC. Drought sensitivity in mesic forests heightens their vulnerability to climate change. Science 2023; 382:1171-1177. [PMID: 38060640 DOI: 10.1126/science.adi1071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is shifting the structure and function of global forests, underscoring the critical need to predict which forests are most vulnerable to a hotter and drier future. We analyzed 6.6 million tree rings from 122 species to assess trees' sensitivity to water and energy availability. We found that trees growing in wetter portions of their range exhibit the greatest drought sensitivity. To test how these patterns of drought sensitivity influence vulnerability to climate change, we predicted tree growth through 2100. Our results suggest that drought adaptations in arid regions will partially buffer trees against climate change. By contrast, trees growing in the wetter, hotter portions of their climatic range may experience unexpectedly large adverse impacts under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Heilmayr
- Environmental Studies Program, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Joan Dudney
- Environmental Studies Program, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Frances C Moore
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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7
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Fedorov N, Zhigunova S, Shirokikh P, Baisheva E, Martynenko V. Analysis of the Potential Range of Mountain Pine-Broadleaf Ecotone Forests and Its Changes under Moderate and Strong Climate Change in the 21st Century. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3698. [PMID: 37960054 PMCID: PMC10648261 DOI: 10.3390/plants12213698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Climatic changes have a significant impact on the composition and distribution of forests, especially on ecotone ones. In the Southern Ural, pine-broadleaf ecotone forests were widespread during the early Holocene time, but now have persisted as relic plant communities. This study aimed to analyze the current potential range and to model changes in habitat suitability of relic pine-broadleaf ecotone forests of the suballiance Tilio-Pinenion under scenarios of moderate (RCP4.5) and strong (RCP8.5) climate change. For modelling, we used MaxEnt software with the predictors being climate variables from CHELSA Bioclim, the global digital soil mapping system SoilGrids and the digital elevation model. In the Southern and Middle Urals, climate change is expected to increase the areas with suitable habitat conditions of these forests by the middle of the 21st century and decrease them in the second half of the century. By the middle of the 21st century, the eastern range boundary of these forests will shift eastward due to the penetration of broad-leaved tree species into coniferous forests of the Southern Ural. In the second half of the century, on the contrary, it is expected that climate aridization will again shift the potential range border of these forests to the west due to their gradual replacement by hemiboreal coniferous forests. The relationship between the floristic composition of pine-broadleaf forests and habitat suitability was identified. In low and medium habitat suitability, pine-broadleaf forests contain more nemoral species characteristic of deciduous forests of the temperate zone, and can be replaced by broadleaf forests after thinning and removal of pine. In the Volga Upland, suitable habitats are occupied by pine-broadleaf forests of the vicariant suballiance Querco robori-Tilienion cordatae. Projected climatic changes will have a significant impact on these ecotone forests, which remained completely unaltered for a long time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Fedorov
- Ufa Institute of Biology, UFRC RAS, Ufa 450054, Russia; (S.Z.); (E.B.); (V.M.)
| | | | - Pavel Shirokikh
- Ufa Institute of Biology, UFRC RAS, Ufa 450054, Russia; (S.Z.); (E.B.); (V.M.)
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8
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Fajardo A, Gazol A, Meynard PM, Mayr C, Martínez Pastur GJ, Peri PL, Camarero JJ. Climate change-related growth improvements in a wide niche-breadth tree species across contrasting environments. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 131:941-951. [PMID: 36996263 PMCID: PMC10332394 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The vulnerability and responsiveness of forests to drought are immensely variable across biomes. Intraspecific tree responses to drought in species with wide niche breadths that grow across contrasting climatically environments might provide key information regarding forest resistance and changes in species distribution under climate change. Using a species with an exceptionally wide niche breath, we tested the hypothesis that tree populations thriving in dry environments are more resistant to drought than those growing in moist locations. METHODS We determined temporal trends in tree radial growth of 12 tree populations of Nothofagus antarctica (Nothofagaceae) located across a sharp precipitation gradient (annual precipitation of 500-2000 mm) in Chile and Argentina. Using dendrochronological methods, we fitted generalized additive mixed-effect models to predict the annual basal area increment as a function of year and dryness (De Martonne aridity index). We also measured carbon and oxygen isotope signals (and estimated intrinsic water-use efficiency) to provide potential physiological causes for tree growth responses to drought. KEY RESULTS We found unexpected improvements in growth during 1980-1998 in moist sites, while growth responses in dry sites were mixed. All populations, independent of site moisture, showed an increase in their intrinsic water-use efficiency in recent decades, a tendency that seemed to be explained by an increase in the photosynthetic rate instead of drought-induced stomatal closure, given that δ18O did not change with time. CONCLUSIONS The absence of drought-induced negative effects on tree growth in a tree species with a wide niche breadth is promising because it might relate to the causal mechanisms tree species possess to face ongoing drought events. We suggest that the drought resistance of N. antarctica might be attributable to its low stature and relatively low growth rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Fajardo
- Instituto de Investigación Interdisciplinaria (I), Vicerrectoría Académica, Universidad de Talca, Campus Lircay, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Antonio Gazol
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda. Montañana 1005, E-50192 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Paulo Moreno Meynard
- Centro de Investigación en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia (CIEP), Camino Baguales s/n, Coyhaique 5951601, Chile
| | - Christoph Mayr
- Institut für Geographie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Guillermo J Martínez Pastur
- Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Houssay 200 (9410) Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina
| | - Pablo L Peri
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA)-CONICET, cc332 (9400) Río Gallegos, Santa Cruz, Argentina
| | - J Julio Camarero
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda. Montañana 1005, E-50192 Zaragoza, Spain
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9
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Schmied G, Hilmers T, Mellert KH, Uhl E, Buness V, Ambs D, Steckel M, Biber P, Šeho M, Hoffmann YD, Pretzsch H. Nutrient regime modulates drought response patterns of three temperate tree species. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 868:161601. [PMID: 36646222 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Against the backdrop of global change, the intensity, duration, and frequency of droughts are projected to increase and threaten forest ecosystems worldwide. Tree responses to drought are complex and likely to vary among species, drought characteristics, and site conditions. Here, we examined the drought response patterns of three major temperate tree species, s. fir (Abies alba), E. beech (Fagus sylvatica), and N. spruce (Picea abies), along an ecological gradient in the South - Central - East part of Germany that included a total of 37 sites with varying climatic and soil conditions. We relied on annual tree-ring data to assess the influence of different drought characteristics and (micro-) site conditions on components of tree resilience and to detect associated temporal changes. Our study revealed that nutrient regime, drought frequency, and hydraulic conditions in the previous and subsequent years were the main determinants of drought responses, with pronounced differences among species. Specifically, we found that (a) higher drought frequency was associated with higher resistance and resilience for N. spruce and E. beech; (b) more favorable climatic conditions in the two preceding and following years increased drought resilience and determined recovery potential of E. beech after extreme drought; (c) a site's nutrient regime, rather than micro-site differences in water availability, determined drought responses, with trees growing on sites with a balanced nutrient regime having a higher capacity to withstand extreme drought stress; (d) E. beech and N. spruce experienced a long-term decline in resilience. Our results indicate that trees under extreme drought stress benefit from a balanced nutrient supply and highlight the relevance of water availability immediately after droughts. Observed long-term trends confirm that N. spruce is suffering from persistent climatic changes, while s. fir is coping better. These findings might be especially relevant for monitoring, scenario analyses, and forest ecosystem management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Schmied
- Chair for Forest Growth and Yield Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany.
| | - Torben Hilmers
- Chair for Forest Growth and Yield Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Mellert
- Bavarian Office for Forest Genetics, Bavarian State Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Forestry (StMELF), Forstamtsplatz 1, 83317 Teisendorf, Germany
| | - Enno Uhl
- Chair for Forest Growth and Yield Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany; Bavarian State Institute of Forestry (LWF), Bavarian State Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Forestry (StMELF), Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Vincent Buness
- Bavarian State Institute of Forestry (LWF), Bavarian State Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Forestry (StMELF), Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Dominik Ambs
- Chair for Forest Growth and Yield Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Mathias Steckel
- Forst Baden-Württemberg (AöR), State Forest Enterprise Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Peter Biber
- Chair for Forest Growth and Yield Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Muhidin Šeho
- Bavarian Office for Forest Genetics, Bavarian State Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Forestry (StMELF), Forstamtsplatz 1, 83317 Teisendorf, Germany
| | - Yves-Daniel Hoffmann
- Bavarian Office for Forest Genetics, Bavarian State Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Forestry (StMELF), Forstamtsplatz 1, 83317 Teisendorf, Germany
| | - Hans Pretzsch
- Chair for Forest Growth and Yield Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
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10
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Weigel R, Bat-Enerel B, Dulamsuren C, Muffler L, Weithmann G, Leuschner C. Summer drought exposure, stand structure, and soil properties jointly control the growth of European beech along a steep precipitation gradient in northern Germany. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:763-779. [PMID: 36426513 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Increasing exposure to climate warming-related drought and heat threatens forest vitality in many regions on earth, with the trees' vulnerability likely depending on local climatic aridity, recent climate trends, edaphic conditions, and the drought acclimatization and adaptation of populations. Studies exploring tree species' vulnerability to climate change often have a local focus or model the species' entire distribution range, which hampers the separation of climatic and edaphic drivers of drought and heat vulnerability. We compared recent radial growth trends and the sensitivity of growth to drought and heat in central populations of a widespread and naturally dominant tree species in Europe, European beech (Fagus sylvatica), at 30 forest sites across a steep precipitation gradient (500-850 mm year-1 ) of short length to assess the species' adaptive potential. Size-standardized basal area increment remained more constant during the period of accelerated warming since the early 1980s in populations with >360 mm growing season precipitation (April-September), while growth trends were negative at sites with <360 mm. Climatic drought in June appeared as the most influential climatic factor affecting radial growth, with a stronger effect at drier sites. A decadal decrease in the climatic water balance of the summer was identified as the most important factor leading to growth decline, which is amplified by higher stem densities. Inter-annual growth variability has increased since the early 1980s, and variability is generally higher at drier and sandier sites. Similarly, within-population growth synchrony is higher at sandier sites and has increased with a decrease in the June climatic water balance. Our results caution against predicting the drought vulnerability of trees solely from climate projections, as soil properties emerged as an important modulating factor. We conclude that beech is facing recent growth decline at drier sites in the centre of its distribution range, driven by climate change-related climate aridification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Weigel
- Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Banzragch Bat-Enerel
- Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | | | - Lena Muffler
- Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Greta Weithmann
- Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Leuschner
- Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
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11
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Petrik P, Petek-Petrik A, Kurjak D, Mukarram M, Klein T, Gömöry D, Střelcová K, Frýdl J, Konôpková A. Interannual adjustments in stomatal and leaf morphological traits of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) demonstrate its climate change acclimation potential. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2022; 24:1287-1296. [PMID: 35238138 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The current projections of climate change might exceed the ability of European forest trees to adapt to upcoming environmental conditions. However, stomatal and leaf morphological traits could greatly influence the acclimation potential of forest tree species subjected to global warming, including the single most important forestry species in Europe, European beech. We analysed stomatal (guard cell length, stomatal density and potential conductance index) and leaf (leaf area, leaf dry weight and leaf mass per area) morphological traits of ten provenances from two provenance trials with contrasting climates between 2016 and 2020. The impact of meteorological conditions of the current and preceding year on stomatal and leaf traits was tested by linear and quadratic regressions. Ecodistance was used to capture the impact of adaptation after the transfer of provenances to new environments. Interactions of trial-provenance and trial-year factors were significant for all measured traits. Guard cell length was lowest and stomatal density was highest across beech provenances in the driest year, 2018. Adaptation was also reflected in a significant relationship between aridity ecodistance and measured traits. Moreover, the meteorological conditions of the preceding year affected the interannual variability of stomatal and leaf traits more than the meteorological conditions of the spring of the current year, suggesting the existence of plant stress memory. High intraspecific variability of stomatal and leaf traits controlled by the interaction of adaptation, acclimation and plant memory suggests a high acclimation potential of European beech provenances under future conditions of global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Petrik
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - A Petek-Petrik
- Department of Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Botany CAS, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - D Kurjak
- Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - M Mukarram
- Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
- Advance Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - T Klein
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - D Gömöry
- Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - K Střelcová
- Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - J Frýdl
- Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Jíloviště, Czech Republic
| | - A Konôpková
- Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
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12
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Urrutia-Jalabert R, Barichivich J, Szejner P, Rozas V, Lara A. Ecophysiological responses of Nothofagus obliqua forests to recent climate drying across the Mediterranean-Temperate biome transition in south-central Chile. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. BIOGEOSCIENCES 2022; 128:2022jg007293. [PMID: 37484604 PMCID: PMC7614787 DOI: 10.1029/2022jg007293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The forests of south-central Chile are facing a drying climate and a megadrought that started in 2010. This study addressed the physiological responses of five Nothofagus obliqua stands across the Mediterranean-Temperate gradient (35.9 ° -40.3° S) using carbon isotope discrimination (Δ13 C) and intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) in tree rings during 1967-2017. Moreover, δ18O was evaluated in the northernmost site to better understand the effects of the megadrought in this drier location. These forests have become more efficient in their use of water. However, trees from the densest stand are discriminating more against 13C, probably due to reduced photosynthetic rates associated with increasing competition. The strongest associations between climate and Δ13C were found in the northernmost stand, suggesting that warmer and drier conditions could have reduced 13C discrimination. Tree growth in this site has not decreased, and δ18O was negatively related to annual rainfall. However, a shift in this relationship was found since 2007, when both precipitation and δ18O decreased, while correlations between δ18O and growth increased. This implies that tree growth and δ18O are coupled in recent years, but precipitation is not the cause, suggesting that trees probably changed their water source to deeper and more depleted pools. Our research demonstrates that forests are not reducing their growth in central Chile, mainly due to a shift towards the use of deeper water sources. Despite a common climate trend across the gradient, there is a non-uniform response of N. obliqua forests to climate drying, being their response site specific. Keywords: Tree rings, stable isotopes, tree physiology, climate gradient, megadrought, climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Urrutia-Jalabert
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales y Tecnología, Universidad de Aysén, Coyhaique, Chile
- Laboratorio de Dendrocronología y Cambio Global, Instituto de Conservación, Biodiversidad y Territorio, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Centro de Ciencia del Clima y la Resiliencia, CR2, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jonathan Barichivich
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, IPSL, CRNS/CEA/UVSQ, France
- Instituto de Geografía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Paul Szejner
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales y del suelo, Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Ciudad Universitaria CDMX, México
| | - Vicente Rozas
- iuFOR-EiFAB, Área de Botánica, Campus Duques de Soria, Universidad de Valladolid, 42004 Soria, Spain
| | - Antonio Lara
- Laboratorio de Dendrocronología y Cambio Global, Instituto de Conservación, Biodiversidad y Territorio, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Centro de Ciencia del Clima y la Resiliencia, CR2, Santiago, Chile
- Fundación Centro de los Bosques Nativos FORECOS, Valdivia, Chile
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13
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West E, Morley PJ, Jump AS, Donoghue DNM. Satellite data track spatial and temporal declines in European beech forest canopy characteristics associated with intense drought events in the Rhön Biosphere Reserve, central Germany. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2022; 24:1120-1131. [PMID: 35088506 PMCID: PMC10078791 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The increasing intensity and frequency of droughts under climate change demands effective ways to monitor drought impacts. We sought to determine how different satellite remote sensing sources influence our ability to identify temporal and spatial impacts on European beech forest canopy health during intense drought events. Imagery from three satellite series (MODIS, Landsat and Sentinel-2) was used to observe changes in canopy health during the intense droughts of 2003 and 2018 in the Rhön Biosphere Reserve, central Germany. Monthly normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) anomalies were calculated for each satellite between 2000-2020 and compared against temperature, precipitation and the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI). Severe canopy impacts in 2003 and 2018 were associated with low NDVI in August and September. At the stand-scale, Sentinel-2 data allowed a spatially detailed understanding of canopy-level impacts, while MODIS provided the clearest temporal progression of the drought's impacts on the forest canopy. Low NDVI values were not exclusively associated with extremes of either temperature and precipitation individually; however, low canopy NDVI in August was associated with SPEI values below -1.5. Although the intense drought of 2018, as defined by meteorological parameters, peaked in July, canopy NDVI did not decline until August, highlighting that our ability to detect canopy impact during drought events is sensitive to the timing of image acquisition. No single satellite sensor affords a full picture of the temporal or spatial progression of drought impacts. Consequently, using sensors in tandem provides the best possible representation of canopy health during intense drought events.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. West
- Department of GeographyDurham UniversityDurhamUK
| | - P. J. Morley
- Department of GeographyDurham UniversityDurhamUK
- Faculty of Natural SciencesBiological and Environmental SciencesStirling UniversityStirlingUK
| | - A. S. Jump
- Faculty of Natural SciencesBiological and Environmental SciencesStirling UniversityStirlingUK
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14
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Roibu CC, Palaghianu C, Nagavciuc V, Ionita M, Sfecla V, Mursa A, Crivellaro A, Stirbu MI, Cotos MG, Popa A, Sfecla I, Popa I. The Response of Beech ( Fagus sylvatica L.) Populations to Climate in the Easternmost Sites of Its European Distribution. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3310. [PMID: 36501348 PMCID: PMC9738208 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In the context of forecasted climate change scenarios, the growth of forest tree species at their distribution margin is crucial to adapt current forest management strategies. Analyses of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) growth have shown high plasticity, but easternmost beech populations have been rarely studied. To describe the response of the marginal beech population to the climate in the far east sites of its distribution, we first compiled new tree ring width chronologies. Then we analyzed climate-growth relationships for three marginal beech populations in the Republic of Moldova. We observed a relatively high growth rate in the marginal populations compared to core distribution sites. Our analyses further revealed a distinct and significant response of beech growth to all climatic variables, assessing for the first time the relationship between growth and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) which described how plant growth responds to drought. These results highlight that accumulated water deficit is an essential limiting factor of beech growth in this region. In conclusion, beech growth in the easternmost marginal population is drought-limited, and the sensitivity to VPD will need to be considered in future studies to update the forest management of other economic and ecologically important species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cătălin-Constantin Roibu
- Forest Biometrics Laboratory, Faculty of Forestry, “Ștefan cel Mare” University of Suceava, Universității Street, No. 13, 720229 Suceava, Romania
| | - Ciprian Palaghianu
- Forest Biometrics Laboratory, Faculty of Forestry, “Ștefan cel Mare” University of Suceava, Universității Street, No. 13, 720229 Suceava, Romania
| | - Viorica Nagavciuc
- Forest Biometrics Laboratory, Faculty of Forestry, “Ștefan cel Mare” University of Suceava, Universității Street, No. 13, 720229 Suceava, Romania
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen Street No. 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Monica Ionita
- Forest Biometrics Laboratory, Faculty of Forestry, “Ștefan cel Mare” University of Suceava, Universității Street, No. 13, 720229 Suceava, Romania
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen Street No. 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Victor Sfecla
- Forest Biometrics Laboratory, Faculty of Forestry, “Ștefan cel Mare” University of Suceava, Universității Street, No. 13, 720229 Suceava, Romania
- Forestry and Plants Protection Department, Technical University of Moldova, Block 1, Stefan cel Mare si Sfant Boulevard 168, MD-2004 Chișinău, Moldova
| | - Andrei Mursa
- Forest Biometrics Laboratory, Faculty of Forestry, “Ștefan cel Mare” University of Suceava, Universității Street, No. 13, 720229 Suceava, Romania
| | - Alan Crivellaro
- Forest Biometrics Laboratory, Faculty of Forestry, “Ștefan cel Mare” University of Suceava, Universității Street, No. 13, 720229 Suceava, Romania
| | - Marian-Ionut Stirbu
- Forest Biometrics Laboratory, Faculty of Forestry, “Ștefan cel Mare” University of Suceava, Universității Street, No. 13, 720229 Suceava, Romania
| | - Mihai-Gabriel Cotos
- Forest Biometrics Laboratory, Faculty of Forestry, “Ștefan cel Mare” University of Suceava, Universității Street, No. 13, 720229 Suceava, Romania
| | - Andrei Popa
- National Research and Development Institute for Silviculture “Marin Drăcea”, Calea Bucovinei No. 76bis, 725100 Câmpulung Moldovenesc, Romania
- Faculty of Silviculture and Forest Engineering, Transilvania University of Brașov, 500036 Brașov, Romania
| | - Irina Sfecla
- Forestry and Plants Protection Department, Technical University of Moldova, Block 1, Stefan cel Mare si Sfant Boulevard 168, MD-2004 Chișinău, Moldova
- “Alexandru Ciubotaru” National Botanical Garden (Institute), 18 Padurii, str., MD-2002 Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Ionel Popa
- National Research and Development Institute for Silviculture “Marin Drăcea”, Calea Bucovinei No. 76bis, 725100 Câmpulung Moldovenesc, Romania
- Center of Mountain Economy, INCE-CE-MONT Vatra Dornei, Petreni Street No. 49, 725700 Vatra Dornei, Romania
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15
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Škrk N, Serrano-Notivoli R, de Luis M, Čufar K. Dominance of Fagus sylvatica in the Growing Stock and Its Relationship to Climate—An Analysis Using Modeled Stand-Level Climate Data. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11192541. [PMID: 36235407 PMCID: PMC9572527 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In the future, climate change is expected to affect the spatial distribution of most tree species in Europe. The European beech (Fagus sylvatica), a drought-sensitive tree species, is currently distributed throughout Europe, where it is an ecologically and economically important species. In Slovenia, the European beech represents 33% of the growing stock, but such a proportion greatly varies across Europe. Whether such a variation is related to the climate environmental gradients or because of historical or management decisions is an as-yet unexplored question. For this study, we employed the Slovenian Forests Service inventory, where the proportion of beech in the forest stock has been monitored in 341,341 forest stands across the country. Modeled climate data from the SLOCLIM database, calculated for each of the stands, was also used to test the hypothesis that although beech forests have always been influenced by human activity, the dominance of beech trees in forest stands is at least partially dictated by the climate. The results showed the distribution of the main climate variables (annual precipitation, the share of summer and spring precipitation, and annual maximum and minimum temperatures) and how they affect the current dominance of beech trees at the stand level. Due to the large number and variability of forest stands studied, the results should be transferable to better understand and manage the climatic suitability and risks of Fagus sylvatica. The modeled data is publicly available in the web repository Zenodo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Škrk
- Department of Wood Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence: (N.Š.); (K.Č.)
| | | | - Martín de Luis
- Department of Geography and Regional Planning, Environmental Sciences Institute (IUCA), University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Katarina Čufar
- Department of Wood Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence: (N.Š.); (K.Č.)
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16
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Wu F, Jiang Y, Zhao S, Wen Y, Li W, Kang M. Applying space-for-time substitution to infer the growth response to climate may lead to overestimation of tree maladaptation: Evidence from the North American White Spruce Network. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:5172-5184. [PMID: 35714046 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Under climate change circumstances, increasing studies have reported the temporal instability of tree growth responses to climate, which poses a major challenge to linearly extrapolating past climate and future growth dynamics using tree-ring data. Space-for-time substitution (SFTS) is a potential solution to this problem that is widely used in the dendrochronology field to project past or future temporal growth response trajectories from contemporary spatial patterns. However, the projected accuracy of the SFTS in the climate effects on tree growth remains uncertain. Here, we empirically test the SFTS method by comparing the effect of spatial and temporal climate variations on climate responses of white spruce (Picea glauca), which has a transcontinental range in North America. We first applied a response surface regression model to capture the variations in growth responses along the spatial climate gradients. The results showed that the relationships between growth and June temperature varied along spatial climate gradients in a predictable way. And their relationships varied mainly along with local temperate condition. Then, the projected correlation coefficients between growth and climate using SFTS were compared against the observed. We found that the growth response changes caused by spatial versus temporal climate variations showed opposite trends. Moreover, the projected correlation coefficients using the SFTS were significantly lower than the observed. This finding suggests that applying the SFTS to project the growth response of white spruce might lead to an overestimation of the degree of tree maladaptation in future climate scenarios. And the overestimation is likely to get weaker from Alaska and Yukon Territory in the west to Quebec in the east. Although this is only a case study of the SFTS method for projecting tree growth response, our findings suggest that direct application of the SFTS method may not be applicable to all regions and all tree species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Shoudong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenqing Li
- Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation, Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Center, Beijing, China
| | - Muyi Kang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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17
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Multi-Year Monitoring of Deciduous Forests Ecophysiology and the Role of Temperature and Precipitation as Controlling Factors. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11172257. [PMID: 36079636 PMCID: PMC9460110 DOI: 10.3390/plants11172257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Two deciduous forest ecosystems, one dominated by Fagus sylvatica and a mixed one with Quercus cerris and Quercus frainetto, were monitored from an ecophysiological perspective during a five-year period, in order to assess seasonal fluctuations, establish links between phenology and ecophysiology, and reveal climatic controls. Field measurements of leaf area index (LAI), chlorophyll content, leaf specific mass (LSM), water potential (Ψ) and leaf photosynthesis (Aleaf) were performed approximately on a monthly basis. LAI, chlorophylls and LSM fluctuations followed a recurrent pattern yearly, with increasing values during spring leaf burst and expansion, relatively stable values during summer and decreasing values during autumn senescence. However, pre-senescence leaf fall and chlorophyll reductions were evident in the driest year. The dynamically responsive Aleaf and Ψ presented considerable inter-annual variation. Both oak species showed more pronounced depressions of Aleaf and Ψ compared to beech, yet the time-point of their appearance coincided and was the same for all species each year. Spring temperature had a positive role in the increasing phase of all ecophysiological processes while rising autumn temperature resulted in retarded senescence. Precipitation showed asymmetric effects on the measured ecophysiological parameters. The between-species differences in responses, climate sensitivity and climate memory are identified and discussed.
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18
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Jet stream position explains regional anomalies in European beech forest productivity and tree growth. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2015. [PMID: 35440102 PMCID: PMC9018849 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29615-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic pathways connecting ocean-atmosphere variability and terrestrial productivity are well-established theoretically, but remain challenging to quantify empirically. Such quantification will greatly improve the assessment and prediction of changes in terrestrial carbon sequestration in response to dynamically induced climatic extremes. The jet stream latitude (JSL) over the North Atlantic-European domain provides a synthetic and robust physical framework that integrates climate variability not accounted for by atmospheric circulation patterns alone. Surface climate impacts of north-south summer JSL displacements are not uniform across Europe, but rather create a northwestern-southeastern dipole in forest productivity and radial-growth anomalies. Summer JSL variability over the eastern North Atlantic-European domain (5-40E) exerts the strongest impact on European beech, inducing anomalies of up to 30% in modelled gross primary productivity and 50% in radial tree growth. The net effects of JSL movements on terrestrial carbon fluxes depend on forest density, carbon stocks, and productivity imbalances across biogeographic regions. Here the authors show that extremes in the summer jet stream position over Europe create a beech forest productivity dipole between northwestern and southeastern Europe and can result in regional anomalies in forest carbon uptake and growth.
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19
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Response Stability of Radial Growth of Chinese Pine to Climate Change at Different Altitudes on the Southern Edge of the Tengger Desert. Glob Ecol Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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20
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Lloret F, Jaime LA, Margalef-Marrase J, Pérez-Navarro MA, Batllori E. Short-term forest resilience after drought-induced die-off in Southwestern European forests. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150940. [PMID: 34699836 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Drought-induced die-off in forests is becoming a widespread phenomenon across biomes, but the factors determining potential shifts in taxonomic and structural characteristics following mortality are largely unknown. We report on short-term patterns of resilience after drought-induced episodes of tree mortality across 48 monospecific forests from Morocco to Slovenia. Field surveys recorded plants growing beneath a canopy of dead, defoliated and healthy trees. Site-level structural characteristics and management legacy were also recorded. Resilience was assessed with reference to forest composition (self-replacement), structure, and changes in the climatic suitability of the replacing community relative to the climatic suitability of the dominant pre-drought species. Species climatic suitability was estimated from species distribution models calculated for the baseline 1970-2000 period. Short-term resilience decreased under higher levels of drought-induced damage to the dominant species and with evidences of management legacy. Greater resilience of structural features (fewer gaps, greater canopy height) was observed overall in forests with a larger basal area. Less gaps were also associated with greater woody species richness after drought. Overall, Fagaceae-dominated forests exhibited greater structural resilience than conifer-dominated ones. On those sites that were more climatically suited to the dominant pre-drought species, replacing communities tended to exhibit lower climatic suitability than pre-drought dominant species. There was a greater loss of climatic suitability under a legacy of management and drought intensity, but less so in the replacing communities with higher woody species richness. Our study reveals that short-term forest resilience is determined by pre-drought stand characteristics, often reflecting previous management legacies, and by the impact of drought on both the dominant pre-drought species and post-drought replacing species in terms of their climatic suitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Lloret
- Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain; Unitat d'Ecologia, Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - L A Jaime
- Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Margalef-Marrase
- Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M A Pérez-Navarro
- Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Batllori
- Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain; Unitat de Botànica i Micologia, Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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21
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Exploring the ecosystem resilience concept with land surface model scenarios. Ecol Modell 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2021.109817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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22
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Rubio-Cuadrado Á, Camarero JJ, Rodríguez-Calcerrada J, Perea R, Gómez C, Montes F, Gil L. Impact of successive spring frosts on leaf phenology and radial growth in three deciduous tree species with contrasting climate requirements in central Spain. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:2279-2292. [PMID: 34046675 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rear-edge tree populations forming the equatorward limit of distribution of temperate species are assumed to be more adapted to climate variability than central (core) populations. However, climate is expected to become more variable and the frequency of climate extremes is forecasted to increase. Climatic extreme events such as heat waves, dry spells and spring frosts could become more frequent, and negatively impact and jeopardize rear-edge stands. To evaluate these ideas, we analyzed the growth response of trees to successive spring frosts in a mixed forest, where two temperate deciduous species, Fagus sylvatica L. (European beech) and Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl. (sessile oak), both at their southernmost edge, coexist with the Mediterranean Quercus pyrenaica Willd. (Pyrenean oak). Growth reductions in spring-frost years ranked across species as F. sylvatica > Q. petraea > Q. pyrenaica. Leaf flushing occurred earlier in F. sylvatica and later in Q. pyrenaica, suggesting that leaf phenology was a strong determinant of spring frost damage and stem growth reduction. The frost impact depended on prior climate conditions, since warmer days prior to frost occurrence predisposed to frost damage. Autumn Normalized Difference Vegetation Index data showed delayed leaf senescence in spring-frost years and subsequent years as compared with pre-frost years. In the studied forest, the negative impact of spring frosts on Q. petraea and especially on F. sylvatica growth, was considerably higher than the impacts due to drought. The succession of four spring frosts in the last two decades determined a trend of decreasing resistance of radial growth to frosts in F. sylvatica. The increased frequency of spring frosts might prevent the expansion and persistence of F. sylvatica in this rear-edge Mediterranean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Rubio-Cuadrado
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, c/ José Antonio Novais, 10, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - J Julio Camarero
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda Montañana 1005, Zaragoza 50080, Spain
| | - Jesús Rodríguez-Calcerrada
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, c/ José Antonio Novais, 10, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Ramón Perea
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, c/ José Antonio Novais, 10, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Cristina Gómez
- iuFOR-EiFAB, Campus Duques de Soria, Universidad de Valladolid, Soria 42004, Spain
| | - Fernando Montes
- INIA, Forest Research Centre, Department of Silviculture and Forest Management, Crta La Coruña km 7.5, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Luis Gil
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, c/ José Antonio Novais, 10, Madrid 28040, Spain
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23
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The evolutionary heritage and ecological uniqueness of Scots pine in the Caucasus ecoregion is at risk of climate changes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22845. [PMID: 34819535 PMCID: PMC8613269 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02098-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Scots pine is one of the most widely occurring pines, but future projections suggest a large reduction in its range, mostly at the southern European limits. A significant part of its range is located in the Caucasus, a global hot-spot of diversity. Pine forests are an important reservoir of biodiversity and endemism in this region. We explored demographic and biogeographical processes that shaped the genetic diversity of Scots pine in the Caucasus ecoregion and its probable future distribution under different climate scenarios. We found that the high genetic variability of the Caucasian populations mirrors a complex glacial and postglacial history that had a unique evolutionary trajectory compared to the main range in Europe. Scots pine currently grows under a broad spectrum of climatic conditions in the Caucasus, which implies high adaptive potential in the past. However, the current genetic resources of Scots pine are under high pressure from climate change. From our predictions, over 90% of the current distribution of Scots pine may be lost in this century. By threatening the stability of the forest ecosystems, this would dramatically affect the biodiversity of the Caucasus hot-spot.
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24
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Climate Signals for Growth Variations of F. sylvatica, P. abies, and P. sylvestris in Southeast Germany over the Past 50 Years. FORESTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/f12111433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Since recent drought events have already caused severe damage to trees and droughts in the near future are expected to occur even more frequently, this study investigated the response of forest ecosystems to changing climate conditions in the topographically complex region of Bavaria, southeast Germany. For this purpose, climate–growth relationships of important European deciduous and coniferous tree species were investigated over the past 50 years at three middle mountain ranges and corresponding basins. A response analysis between tree-ring width and climate variables was applied to detect modifications in tree responses comparing two 25-year periods at individual forest sites. Furthermore, tree responses to climatic extreme years and seasons were analyzed using a superposed epoch analysis. The results showed that Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) proved to be the most vulnerable and least drought-resistant of all investigated tree species. Likewise, Norway spruce (Picea abies) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica) revealed a higher drought sensitivity over the past 25 years, even though an extended growing season partially improved tree growth at high-elevation sites. In conclusion, all studied tree species were affected by drought events, even at humid high-elevation sites. Correlations with daily climate variables confirmed that even short-term weather conditions could strongly influence trees’ radial growth. Tree responses to climate conditions have shifted significantly between past and present periods but vary considerably among sites and are generally stronger in humid regions than in already dry areas.
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25
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Bohner T, Diez J. Tree resistance and recovery from drought mediated by multiple abiotic and biotic processes across a large geographic gradient. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 789:147744. [PMID: 34051506 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, increasing severity of droughts threatens to change forest ecosystem functioning and community structure. Understanding how forest resilience is determined by its two underlying components, resistance and recovery, will help elucidate the mechanisms of drought responses and help inform management strategies. However, drought responses are shaped by complex processes across different scales, including species-specific drought strategies, tree size, competition, local environmental conditions, and the intensity of the drought event. Here, we quantified the reduction in tree growth during drought (an inverse measure of drought resistance) and post-drought recovery for three montane conifers (Abies concolor, Pinus jeffreyi, and Pinus lambertiana) in California. We used tree ring analysis to quantify responses to drought events of varying intensity between 1895 and 2018 across a geographic climatic gradient, to examine the roles of tree size (DBH) and competition (tree density) in mediating drought responses. We found that years of more intense drought corresponded with larger growth reductions and recovery rates were lower following drought years where trees suffered larger reductions. We found little variation among species in their growth reductions during drought events, but significant differences among species in their recovery post-drought. Across the geographic gradient, trees in the driest locations were susceptible to large growth reductions, signaling either strong sensitivity to drought intensity or exposure to the most extreme drought conditions. These growth reductions were not always compensated for by higher recovery rates. We also found that larger trees were more susceptible to drought due to a steeper negative relationship between recovery rates and the intensity of growth reduction during the drought. Contrary to expectations, recovery rates following the most detrimental drought years were higher in denser forests. Our results demonstrate the importance of considering how factors at various spatial and temporal scales affect the different components of drought responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Bohner
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | - Jeffrey Diez
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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26
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Bose AK, Scherrer D, Camarero JJ, Ziche D, Babst F, Bigler C, Bolte A, Dorado-Liñán I, Etzold S, Fonti P, Forrester DI, Gavinet J, Gazol A, de Andrés EG, Karger DN, Lebourgeois F, Lévesque M, Martínez-Sancho E, Menzel A, Neuwirth B, Nicolas M, Sanders TGM, Scharnweber T, Schröder J, Zweifel R, Gessler A, Rigling A. Climate sensitivity and drought seasonality determine post-drought growth recovery of Quercus petraea and Quercus robur in Europe. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 784:147222. [PMID: 34088042 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have identified strong relationships between delayed recovery of tree growth after drought and tree mortality caused by subsequent droughts. These observations raise concerns about forest ecosystem services and post-drought growth recovery given the projected increase in drought frequency and extremes. For quantifying the impact of extreme droughts on tree radial growth, we used a network of tree-ring width data of 1689 trees from 100 sites representing most of the distribution of two drought tolerant, deciduous oak species (Quercus petraea and Quercus robur). We first examined which climatic factors and seasons control growth of the two species and if there is any latitudinal, longitudinal or elevational trend. We then quantified the relative departure from pre-drought growth during droughts, and how fast trees were able to recover the pre-drought growth level. Our results showed that growth was more related to precipitation and climatic water balance (precipitation minus potential evapotranspiration) than to temperature. However, we did not detect any clear latitudinal, longitudinal or elevational trends except a decreasing influence of summer water balance on growth of Q. petraea with latitude. Neither species was able to maintain the pre-drought growth level during droughts. However, both species showed rapid recovery or even growth compensation after summer droughts but displayed slow recovery in response to spring droughts where none of the two species was able to fully recover the pre-drought growth-level over the three post-drought years. Collectively, our results indicate that oaks which are considered resilient to extreme droughts have also shown vulnerability when droughts occurred in spring especially at sites where long-term growth is not significantly correlated with climatic factors. This improved understanding of the role of drought seasonality and climate sensitivity of sites is key to better predict trajectories of post-drought growth recovery in response to the drier climate projected for Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K Bose
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland; Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh.
| | - Daniel Scherrer
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - J Julio Camarero
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda. Montañana 1005, Apdo. 202, Zaragoza E-50192, Spain
| | - Daniel Ziche
- Faculty of Forest and Environment, Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development, 16225 Eberswalde, Germany
| | - Flurin Babst
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA; Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Christof Bigler
- ETH Zurich, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Forest Ecology, Universitätstrasse 22, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Bolte
- Thünen Institute of Forest Ecosystems, Alfred-Moeller-Str. 1, Haus 41/42, 16225 Eberswalde, Germany
| | - Isabel Dorado-Liñán
- Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology Research Group, E.T.S. Forestry Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sophia Etzold
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Fonti
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - David I Forrester
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Jordane Gavinet
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), UMR 5175, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, EPHE, IRD, 1919 route de Mende, F-34293 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
| | - Antonio Gazol
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda. Montañana 1005, Apdo. 202, Zaragoza E-50192, Spain
| | - Ester González de Andrés
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda. Montañana 1005, Apdo. 202, Zaragoza E-50192, Spain
| | - Dirk Nikolaus Karger
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | | | - Mathieu Lévesque
- ETH Zurich, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Forest Ecology, Universitätstrasse 22, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elisabet Martínez-Sancho
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Annette Menzel
- Technische Universität München, TUM School of Life Sciences, Freising, Germany; Technische Universität München, Institute for Advanced Study, Garching, Germany
| | | | - Manuel Nicolas
- Departement Recherche et Développement, ONF, Office National des Fôrets, Batiment B, Boulevard de Constance, Fontainebleau F-77300, France
| | - Tanja G M Sanders
- Thünen Institute of Forest Ecosystems, Alfred-Moeller-Str. 1, Haus 41/42, 16225 Eberswalde, Germany
| | - Tobias Scharnweber
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Soldmannstr.15, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jens Schröder
- Faculty of Forest and Environment, Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development, 16225 Eberswalde, Germany
| | - Roman Zweifel
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Arthur Gessler
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland; Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Rigling
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland; Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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27
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Jaime L, Hart SJ, Lloret F, Veblen TT, Andrus R, Rodman K, Batllori E. Species Climatic Suitability Explains Insect–Host Dynamics in the Southern Rocky Mountains, USA. Ecosystems 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-021-00643-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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28
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Cuervo-Alarcon L, Arend M, Müller M, Sperisen C, Finkeldey R, Krutovsky KV. A candidate gene association analysis identifies SNPs potentially involved in drought tolerance in European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). Sci Rep 2021; 11:2386. [PMID: 33504857 PMCID: PMC7840767 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81594-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of genetic variation underlying traits related to drought tolerance in forest trees are of great importance for understanding their adaptive potential under a climate change scenario. In this study, using a candidate gene approach, associations between SNPs and drought related traits were assessed in saplings of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) representing trees growing along steep precipitation gradients. The saplings were subjected to experimentally controlled drought treatments. Response of the saplings was assessed by the evaluation of stem diameter growth (SDG) and the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters FV/FM, PIabs, and PItot. The evaluation showed that saplings from xeric sites were less affected by the drought treatment. Five SNPs (7.14%) in three candidate genes were significantly associated with the evaluated traits; saplings with particular genotypes at these SNPs showed better performance under the drought treatment. The SNPs were located in the cytosolic class I small heat-shock protein, CTR/DRE binding transcription factor, and isocitrate dehydrogenase genes and explained 5.8-13.4% of the phenotypic variance. These findings provide insight into the genetic basis of traits related to drought tolerance in European beech and could support the development of forest conservation management strategies under future climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cuervo-Alarcon
- Department of Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Arend
- Physiological Plant Ecology, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Müller
- Department of Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Sperisen
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Reiner Finkeldey
- University of Kassel, Mönchebergstrasse 19, 34109, Kassel, Germany
| | - Konstantin V Krutovsky
- Department of Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Gubkina Str., Moscow, Russia, 119333.
- Laboratory of Foresty Genomics, Genome Research and Education Center, Siberian Federal University, 50a/2 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, Russia, 660036.
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Texas A&M University, 2138 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843-2138, USA.
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29
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Land-Use Legacies and Climate Change as a Double Challenge to Oak Forest Resilience: Mismatches of Geographical and Ecological Rear Edges. Ecosystems 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-020-00547-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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30
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Guerrieri R, Vanguelova E, Pitman R, Benham S, Perks M, Morison JIL, Mencuccini M. Climate and atmospheric deposition effects on forest water-use efficiency and nitrogen availability across Britain. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12418. [PMID: 32709879 PMCID: PMC7381603 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67562-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Rising atmospheric CO2 (ca) has been shown to increase forest carbon uptake. Yet, whether the ca-fertilization effect on forests is modulated by changes in sulphur (Sdep) and nitrogen (Ndep) deposition and how Ndep affects ecosystem N availability remains unclear. We explored spatial and temporal (over 30-years) changes in tree-ring δ13C-derived intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE), δ18O and δ15N for four species in twelve forests across climate and atmospheric deposition gradients in Britain. The increase in iWUE was not uniform across sites and species-specific underlying physiological mechanisms reflected the interactions between climate and atmospheric drivers (oak and Scots pine), but also an age effect (Sitka spruce). Most species showed no significant trends for tree-ring δ15N, suggesting no changes in N availability. Increase in iWUE was mostly associated with increase in temperature and decrease in moisture conditions across the South-North gradient and over 30-years. However, when excluding Sitka spruce (to account for age or stand development effects), variations in iWUE were significantly associated with changes in ca and Sdep. Our data suggest that overall climate had the prevailing effect on changes in iWUE across the investigated sites. Whereas, detection of Ndep, Sdep and ca signals was partially confounded by structural changes during stand development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Guerrieri
- Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications, CREAF, c/o Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona, Edificio C, 08290, Cerdanyola, Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Elena Vanguelova
- Forest Research, Alice Holt Lodge, Farnham, Surrey, GU10 4LH, UK
| | - Rona Pitman
- Forest Research, Alice Holt Lodge, Farnham, Surrey, GU10 4LH, UK
| | - Sue Benham
- Forest Research, Alice Holt Lodge, Farnham, Surrey, GU10 4LH, UK
| | - Michael Perks
- Forest Research, Northern Research Station, Roslin, EH25 9SY, Midlothian, Scotland, UK
| | | | - Maurizio Mencuccini
- Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications, CREAF, c/o Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona, Edificio C, 08290, Cerdanyola, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
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Dorado-Liñán I, Valbuena-Carabaña M, Cañellas I, Gil L, Gea-Izquierdo G. Climate Change Synchronizes Growth and iWUE Across Species in a Temperate-Submediterranean Mixed Oak Forest. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:706. [PMID: 32595660 PMCID: PMC7300280 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tree species have good tolerance to a range of environmental conditions, though their ability to respond and persist to environmental changes is dramatically reduced at the rear-edge distribution limits. At those edges, gene flow conferring adaptation is impaired due to lack of populations at lower latitudes. Thus, trees mainly rely on phenotypic changes to buffer against long-term environmental changes. Interspecific hybridization may offer an alternative mechanism in the generation of novel genetic recombinants that could be particularly valuable to ensure persistence in geographically isolated forests. In this paper, we take advantage of the longevity of a temperate-submediterranean mixed-oak forest to explore the long-term impact of environmental changes on two different oak species and their hybrid. Individual trees were genetically characterized and classified into three groups: pure Quercus petraea (Matt.), Liebl, pure Q. pyrenaica Willd, and hybrids. We calculated basal area increment and intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) from tree-ring width and δ13C per genetic group, respectively. Tree-growth drivers were assessed using correlation analyses and generalized linear mixed models for two contrasting climatic periods: (1880-1915, colder with [CO2] < 303 ppm; and 1980-2015, warmer with [CO2] > 338 ppm). The three genetic groups have increased radial growth and iWUE during the last decades, being the least drought-tolerant QuPe the most sensitive species to water stress. However, no significant differences were found among genetic groups neither in mean growth rate nor in mean iWUE. Furthermore, little differences were found in the response to climate among groups. Genetic groups only differed in the relationship between δ13C and temperature and precipitation during the earlier period, but such a difference disappeared during the recent decades. Climate change may have promoted species-level convergence as a response to environment-induced growth limitations, which translated in synchronized growth and response to climate as well as a tighter stomatal control and increased iWUE across coexisting oak species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Dorado-Liñán
- Forest Research Centre, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CIFOR), Madrid, Spain
- Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology Research Group, E.T.S. Forestry Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Valbuena-Carabaña
- Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology Research Group, E.T.S. Forestry Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Cañellas
- Forest Research Centre, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CIFOR), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Gil
- Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology Research Group, E.T.S. Forestry Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Gea-Izquierdo
- Forest Research Centre, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CIFOR), Madrid, Spain
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Fagus sylvatica L. Peripheral Populations in the Mediterranean Iberian Peninsula: Climatic or Anthropic Relicts? Ecosystems 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-020-00513-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Drought Primarily Reduces Canopy Transpiration of Exposed Beech Trees and Decreases the Share of Water Uptake from Deeper Soil Layers. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11050537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Research Highlights: During drought, reduced soil water availability and increased vapor pressure deficit diminished transpiration in a mature beech stand (Fagus sylvatica L.). Dominant trees were more affected than suppressed trees. The share of soil water uptake from deeper layers decreased. The ability of individual trees in the forest stand to save water during drought was apparently dependent on their social status. This would be relevant for forest management. Objectives: We investigated which basal area classes of trees contribute more or less to total transpiration under wet and dry conditions, and from which soil layers they took up water. We hypothesized that dominant trees have a better adaptability to drought and diminish transpiration more than suppressed trees. Methods: The water budget of the forest stand was continuously monitored throughout the entire observation period. Xylem sap flux measurements using thermal dissipation probes were performed during the vegetation period at different depths in the trunks of ten representative trees. A radial distribution model of the sap flow density pattern was used to compute whole-tree and stand transpiration. Water budget was simulated using a physiology-based model. Results: During drought, the fraction of suppressed trees to whole-canopy transpiration of the forest stand increased and the share of soil water uptake from deeper layers decreased. Conclusions: The behavior of dominant trees under drought conditions could be interpreted as a water-conserving strategy. Thinning by removing suppressed trees should be employed to stabilize forests.
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Margalef-Marrase J, Pérez-Navarro MÁ, Lloret F. Relationship between heatwave-induced forest die-off and climatic suitability in multiple tree species. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:3134-3146. [PMID: 32064733 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, many forest die-off events have been reported in relation to climate-change-induced episodes, such as droughts and heat waves. To understand how these extreme climatic events induce forest die-off, it is important to find a tool to standardize the climatic conditions experienced by different populations during a specific climatic event, taking into account the historic climatic conditions of the site where these populations live (bioclimatic niche). In this study, we used estimates of climatic suitability calculated from species distribution models (SDMs) for such purpose. We studied forest die-off across France during the 2003 heatwave that affected Western Europe, using 2,943 forest inventory plots dominated by 14 single tree species. Die-off severity was estimated by Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) loss using Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer remote sensor imagery. Climatic suitability at the local level during the historical 1979-2002 period (HCS), the episode time (2003; ECS) and suitability deviance during the historical period (HCS-SD) were calculated for each species by means of boosted regression tree models using the CHELSA climate database and occurrences extracted from European forest inventories. Low HCS-SD and high mean annual temperature explained the overall regional pattern of vulnerability to die-off across different monospecific forests. The combination of high historical and low episode climatic suitability also contributed significantly to overall forest die-off. Furthermore, we observed different species-specific relationships between die-off vulnerability and climatic suitability: Sub-Mediterranean and Mediterranean species tended to be vulnerable in historically more suitable localities (high HCS), whereas Euro-Siberian species presented greater vulnerability when the hot drought episode was more intense. We demonstrated that at regional scale, past climatic legacy plays an important role in explaining NDVI loss during the episode. Moreover, we demonstrated that SDMs-derived indexes, such as HCS, ECS and HCS-SD, could constitute a tool for standardizing the ways that populations and species experience climatic variability across time and space.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Francisco Lloret
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Unitat d'Ecologia, Univ. Autònoma Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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Harvey JE, Smiljanić M, Scharnweber T, Buras A, Cedro A, Cruz-García R, Drobyshev I, Janecka K, Jansons Ā, Kaczka R, Klisz M, Läänelaid A, Matisons R, Muffler L, Sohar K, Spyt B, Stolz J, van der Maaten E, van der Maaten-Theunissen M, Vitas A, Weigel R, Kreyling J, Wilmking M. Tree growth influenced by warming winter climate and summer moisture availability in northern temperate forests. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:2505-2518. [PMID: 31860143 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The role of future forests in global biogeochemical cycles will depend on how different tree species respond to climate. Interpreting the response of forest growth to climate change requires an understanding of the temporal and spatial patterns of seasonal climatic influences on the growth of common tree species. We constructed a new network of 310 tree-ring width chronologies from three common tree species (Quercus robur, Pinus sylvestris and Fagus sylvatica) collected for different ecological, management and climate purposes in the south Baltic Sea region at the border of three bioclimatic zones (temperate continental, oceanic, southern boreal). The major climate factors (temperature, precipitation, drought) affecting tree growth at monthly and seasonal scales were identified. Our analysis documents that 20th century Scots pine and deciduous species growth is generally controlled by different climate parameters, and that summer moisture availability is increasingly important for the growth of deciduous species examined. We report changes in the influence of winter climate variables over the last decades, where a decreasing influence of late winter temperature on deciduous tree growth and an increasing influence of winter temperature on Scots pine growth was found. By comparing climate-growth responses for the 1943-1972 and 1973-2002 periods and characterizing site-level growth response stability, a descriptive application of spatial segregation analysis distinguished sites with stable responses to dominant climate parameters (northeast of the study region), and sites that collectively showed unstable responses to winter climate (southeast of the study region). The findings presented here highlight the temporally unstable and nonuniform responses of tree growth to climate variability, and that there are geographical coherent regions where these changes are similar. Considering continued climate change in the future, our results provide important regional perspectives on recent broad-scale climate-growth relationships for trees across the temperate to boreal forest transition around the south Baltic Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill E Harvey
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Northern Forestry Centre, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Marko Smiljanić
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Tobias Scharnweber
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Allan Buras
- Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Freising, Germany
| | - Anna Cedro
- Faculty of Geosciences, Szczecin University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Roberto Cruz-García
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Igor Drobyshev
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- Institut de recherche sur les forêts, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), Val-d'Or, QC, Canada
| | - Karolina Janecka
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Āris Jansons
- Latvian State Forest Research Institute, Salaspils, Latvia
| | - Ryszard Kaczka
- Faculty of Earth Sciences, University of Silesia, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Marcin Klisz
- Department of Silviculture and Forest Tree Genetics, Forest Research Institute, Raszyn, Poland
| | - Alar Läänelaid
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Lena Muffler
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Albrecht von Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kristina Sohar
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Barbara Spyt
- Faculty of Earth Sciences, University of Silesia, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Juliane Stolz
- Chair of Forest Growth and Woody Biomass Production, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | - Adomas Vitas
- Centre of Environmental Research, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Robert Weigel
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Albrecht von Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kreyling
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Martin Wilmking
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Abstract
Climate change leads to global drought-induced stress and increased plant mortality. Tree species living in rapidly changing climate conditions are exposed to danger and must adapt to new climate conditions to survive. Trees respond to changes in the environment in numerous ways. Physiological modulation at the seed stage, germination strategy and further development are influenced by many different factors. We review forest abiotic threats (such as drought and heat), including biochemical responses of plants to stress, and biotic threats (pathogens and insects) related to global warming. We then discus the varied adaptations of tree species to changing climate conditions such as seed resistance to environmental stress, improved by an increase in temperature, affinity to specific fungal symbionts, a wide range of tolerance to abiotic environmental conditions in the offspring of populations occurring in continental climate, and germination strategies closely linked to the ecological niche of the species. The existing studies do not clearly indicate whether tree adaptations are shaped by epigenetics or phenology and do not define the role of phenotypic plasticity in tree development. We have created a juxtaposition of literature that is useful in identifying the factors that play key roles in these processes. We compare scientific evidence that species distribution and survival are possible due to phenotypic plasticity and thermal memory with studies that testify that trees’ phenology depends on phylogenesis, but this issue is still open. It is possible that studies in the near future will bring us closer to understanding the mechanisms through which trees adapt to stressful conditions, especially in the context of epigenetic memory in long-lived organisms, and allow us to minimize the harmful effects of climatic events by predicting tree species’ responses or by developing solutions such as assisted migration to mitigate the consequences of these phenomena.
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Manzanedo RD, Fischer M, María Navarro‐Cerrillo R, Allan E. A new approach to study local adaptation in long‐lived woody species: Virtual transplant experiments. Methods Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rubén D. Manzanedo
- Biology Department University of Washington Seattle WA USA
- Harvard Forest Harvard University Petersham MA USA
| | - Markus Fischer
- Institute of Plant Sciences University of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | | | - Eric Allan
- Institute of Plant Sciences University of Bern Bern Switzerland
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Regional and Local Moisture Gradients Drive the Resistance to and Recovery from Drought of Picea crassifolia Kom. in the Qilian Mountains, Northwest China. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10090817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that extreme droughts cause more frequent tree growth reduction. To understand the consequences of these droughts better, this study used tree-ring cores from nine sites to investigate how moisture and altitudinal gradients affect the radial growth of Picea crassifolia Kom., a common species in the Qilian Mountains in northwest China. The total annual precipitation and mean annual temperature in the eastern region were higher than those in the western region of the Qilian Mountains. The trees in the eastern region showed stronger resistance to drought than those in the west, as they had a smaller difference in radial growth between drought disturbance and pre-drought disturbance. At the same time, the trees in the east showed weaker ability to recover from drought, as they had a subtle difference in radial growth between post-drought disturbance and drought disturbance. Furthermore, the trees in the east also showed weaker relative resilience to drought, as they had a small difference in radial growth between post-drought and drought disturbance weighted by growth in pre-drought disturbance. For trees below 3000 m a.s.l., trees with high resistance capacity usually had low recovery capacity and low relative resilience capacity. Trees at higher altitudes also showed stronger resistance to drought and weaker ability to recover from drought after a drought event than those at lower altitudes in the middle of the Qilian Mountains. Trees at lower altitudes in the middle of the Qilian Mountains had more difficulties recovering from more severe and longer drought events. In the context of global warming, trees in the western region and at lower altitudes should be given special attention and protection in forest management to enhance their resistance to extreme droughts.
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Contrasting Response to Drought and Climate of Planted and Natural Pinus pinaster Aiton Forests in Southern Spain. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10070603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Extreme drought events and increasing aridity are leading to forest decline and tree mortality, particularly in populations near the limits of the species distribution. Therefore, a better understanding of the growth response to drought and climate change could show the vulnerability of forests and enable predictions of future dieback. In this study, we used a dendrochronological approach to assess the response to drought in natural and planted forests of the maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton) located in its southernmost distribution (south of Spain). In addition, we investigated how environmental variables (climatic and site conditions) and structural factors drive radial growth along the biogeographic and ecological gradients. Our results showed contrasting growth responses to drought of natural and planted stands, but these differences were not significant after repeated drought periods. Additionally, we found differences in the climate–growth relationships when comparing more inland sites (wet previous winter and late spring precipitation) and sites located closer to the coast (early spring precipitation). Response functions emphasized the negative effect of defoliation and drought, expressed as the June standard precipitation-evapotranspiration index calculated for the 12-month temporal scale and the mean temperature in the current February, on growth. The strong relationship between climatic variables and growth enabled acceptable results to be obtained in a modeling approach. The study and characterization of this tree species’ response to drought will help to improve the adaptive management of forests under climate change.
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Vilà‐Cabrera A, Jump AS. Greater growth stability of trees in marginal habitats suggests a patchy pattern of population loss and retention in response to increased drought at the rear edge. Ecol Lett 2019; 22:1439-1448. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.13329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Vilà‐Cabrera
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences University of Stirling StirlingFK9 4LA Scotland UK
| | - Alistair S. Jump
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences University of Stirling StirlingFK9 4LA Scotland UK
- CREAF Cerdanyola del Vallès Barcelona08193Catalonia Spain
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Vilà-Cabrera A, Premoli AC, Jump AS. Refining predictions of population decline at species' rear edges. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2019; 25:1549-1560. [PMID: 30793443 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
According to broad-scale application of biogeographical theory, widespread retractions of species' rear edges should be seen in response to ongoing climate change. This prediction rests on the assumption that rear edge populations are "marginal" since they occur at the limit of the species' ecological tolerance and are expected to decline in performance as climate warming pushes them to extirpation. However, conflicts between observations and predictions are increasingly accumulating and little progress has been made in explaining this disparity. We argue that a revision of the concept of marginality is necessary, together with explicit testing of population decline, which is increasingly possible as data availability improves. Such action should be based on taking the population perspective across a species' rear edge, encompassing the ecological, geographical and genetic dimensions of marginality. Refining our understanding of rear edge populations is essential to advance our ability to monitor, predict and plan for the impacts of environmental change on species range dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Vilà-Cabrera
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Andrea C Premoli
- Universidad Nacional del Comahue, INIBIOMA-CONICET, Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Alistair S Jump
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
- CREAF Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Dorado-Liñán I, Piovesan G, Martínez-Sancho E, Gea-Izquierdo G, Zang C, Cañellas I, Castagneri D, Di Filippo A, Gutiérrez E, Ewald J, Fernández-de-Uña L, Hornstein D, Jantsch MC, Levanič T, Mellert KH, Vacchiano G, Zlatanov T, Menzel A. Geographical adaptation prevails over species-specific determinism in trees' vulnerability to climate change at Mediterranean rear-edge forests. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2019; 25:1296-1314. [PMID: 30548989 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Climate change may reduce forest growth and increase forest mortality, which is connected to high carbon costs through reductions in gross primary production and net ecosystem exchange. Yet, the spatiotemporal patterns of vulnerability to both short-term extreme events and gradual environmental changes are quite uncertain across the species' limits of tolerance to dryness. Such information is fundamental for defining ecologically relevant upper limits of species tolerance to drought and, hence, to predict the risk of increased forest mortality and shifts in species composition. We investigate here to what extent the impact of short- and long-term environmental changes determines vulnerability to climate change of three evergreen conifers (Scots pine, silver fir, Norway spruce) and two deciduous hardwoods (European beech, sessile oak) tree species at their southernmost limits of distribution in the Mediterranean Basin. Finally, we simulated future forest growth under RCP 2.6 and 8.5 emission scenarios using a multispecies generalized linear mixed model. Our analysis provides four key insights into the patterns of species' vulnerability to climate change. First, site climatic marginality was significantly linked to the growth trends: increasing growth was related to less climatically limited sites. Second, estimated species-specific vulnerability did not match their a priori rank in drought tolerance: Scots pine and beech seem to be the most vulnerable species among those studied despite their contrasting physiologies. Third, adaptation to site conditions prevails over species-specific determinism in forest response to climate change. And fourth, regional differences in forests vulnerability to climate change across the Mediterranean Basin are linked to the influence of summer atmospheric circulation patterns, which are not correctly represented in global climate models. Thus, projections of forest performance should reconsider the traditional classification of tree species in functional types and critically evaluate the fine-scale limitations of the climate data generated by global climate models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Dorado-Liñán
- Forest Research Centre (INIA-CIFOR), Madrid, Spain
- Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology Research Group, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Ecoclimatology, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Gianluca Piovesan
- DendrologyLab, DAFNE, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Elisabet Martínez-Sancho
- Ecoclimatology, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
- Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Christian Zang
- Ecoclimatology, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
- Land Surface-Atmosphere Interactions, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | | | | | - Alfredo Di Filippo
- DendrologyLab, DAFNE, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Emilia Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joerg Ewald
- Faculty of Forestry, University of Applied Sciences Weihenstephan Triesdorf, Freising, Germany
| | | | - Daniel Hornstein
- Faculty of Forestry, University of Applied Sciences Weihenstephan Triesdorf, Freising, Germany
| | | | - Tom Levanič
- Department of Forest Yield and Silviculture, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Karl H Mellert
- Forest Nutrition and Water Resources, University of Technology, Munich, Freising, Germany
| | | | - Tzvetan Zlatanov
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Annette Menzel
- Ecoclimatology, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
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43
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Serra-Maluquer X, Gazol A, Sangüesa-Barreda G, Sánchez-Salguero R, Rozas V, Colangelo M, Gutiérrez E, Camarero JJ. Geographically Structured Growth decline of Rear-Edge Iberian Fagus sylvatica Forests After the 1980s Shift Toward a Warmer Climate. Ecosystems 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-019-00339-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Mausolf K, Wilm P, Härdtle W, Jansen K, Schuldt B, Sturm K, von Oheimb G, Hertel D, Leuschner C, Fichtner A. Higher drought sensitivity of radial growth of European beech in managed than in unmanaged forests. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 642:1201-1208. [PMID: 30045501 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Climate extremes are predicted to become more frequent and intense in future. Thus, understanding how trees respond to adverse climatic conditions is crucial for evaluating possible future changes in forest ecosystem functioning. Although much information about climate effects on the growth of temperate trees has been collected in recent decades, our understanding of the influence of forest management legacies on climate-growth relationships is still limited. We used individual tree-ring chronologies from managed and unmanaged European beech forests, located in the same growth district (i.e. with almost identical climatic and soil conditions), to examine how forest management legacies (recently managed with selection cutting, >20 years unmanaged, >50 years unmanaged) influence the radial growth of Fagus sylvatica during fluctuating climatic conditions. On average, trees in managed stands had higher radial growth rate than trees in unmanaged stands during the last two decades a 50%. However, the beech trees in the unmanaged stands were less sensitive to drought than those in the managed stands. This effect was most pronounced in the forest with longest management abandonment (>50 years), indicating that the drought sensitivity of mature beech trees is in these forests the lower, the longer the period since forest management cessation is. Management-mediated modifications in crown size and thus water demand are one likely cause of the observed higher climate sensitivity of beech in the managed stands. Our results indicate a possible trade-off between radial growth rate and drought tolerance of beech. This suggests that reducing stem density for maximizing the radial growth of target trees, as is common practice in managed forests, can increase the trees' drought sensitivity. In the prospect of climate change, more information on the impact of forest management practices on the climate-growth relationships of trees is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Mausolf
- Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Institute of Ecology, Universitätsallee 1, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany.
| | - Paul Wilm
- Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Institute of Ecology, Universitätsallee 1, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Werner Härdtle
- Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Institute of Ecology, Universitätsallee 1, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Kirstin Jansen
- Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Institute of Ecology, Universitätsallee 1, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schuldt
- University of Goettingen, Albrecht von Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Knut Sturm
- Community Forest Lübeck, Alt Lauerhof 1, 23568 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Goddert von Oheimb
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institute of General Ecology and Environmental Protection, Pienner Straße 7, 01737 Tharandt, Germany
| | - Dietrich Hertel
- University of Goettingen, Albrecht von Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Leuschner
- University of Goettingen, Albrecht von Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Fichtner
- Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Institute of Ecology, Universitätsallee 1, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany
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Hacket-Pain AJ, Ascoli D, Vacchiano G, Biondi F, Cavin L, Conedera M, Drobyshev I, Liñán ID, Friend AD, Grabner M, Hartl C, Kreyling J, Lebourgeois F, Levanič T, Menzel A, van der Maaten E, van der Maaten-Theunissen M, Muffler L, Motta R, Roibu CC, Popa I, Scharnweber T, Weigel R, Wilmking M, Zang CS. Climatically controlled reproduction drives interannual growth variability in a temperate tree species. Ecol Lett 2018; 21:1833-1844. [PMID: 30230201 PMCID: PMC6446945 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Climatically controlled allocation to reproduction is a key mechanism by which climate influences tree growth and may explain lagged correlations between climate and growth. We used continent-wide datasets of tree-ring chronologies and annual reproductive effort in Fagus sylvatica from 1901 to 2015 to characterise relationships between climate, reproduction and growth. Results highlight that variable allocation to reproduction is a key factor for growth in this species, and that high reproductive effort ('mast years') is associated with stem growth reduction. Additionally, high reproductive effort is associated with previous summer temperature, creating lagged climate effects on growth. Consequently, understanding growth variability in forest ecosystems requires the incorporation of reproduction, which can be highly variable. Our results suggest that future response of growth dynamics to climate change in this species will be strongly influenced by the response of reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Hacket-Pain
- Department of Geography and Planning, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Davide Ascoli
- Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, 80055, Portici (NA), Italy
| | - Giorgio Vacchiano
- DISAA, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Franco Biondi
- DendroLab, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89509, USA
| | - Liam Cavin
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Marco Conedera
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow, and Landscape Research WSL, a Ramél 18, CH-6953, Cadenazzo, Switzerland
| | - Igor Drobyshev
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 49, 230 53, Alnarp, Sweden.,Institut de recherche sur les forêts, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, 445 boulevard de l' Université, Rouyn-Noranda, QC, J9X 5E4, Canada
| | - Isabel Dorado Liñán
- Forest Research Centre, (INIA-CIFOR), Ctra. La Coruñna km. 7.5, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrew D Friend
- Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael Grabner
- University of Natural Resources and Life Science - BOKU, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia Hartl
- Department of Geography, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 21, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Juergen Kreyling
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - François Lebourgeois
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRA, UMR Silva, 14 rue Girardet, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Tom Levanič
- Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Annette Menzel
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Professorship of Ecoclimatology, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354, Freising, Germany.,Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 2 a, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Ernst van der Maaten
- Forest Growth and Woody Biomass Production, TU Dresden, Pienner Str. 8, 01737, Tharandt, Germany
| | | | - Lena Muffler
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Renzo Motta
- DISAFA, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | | | - Ionel Popa
- National Research and Development Institute in Forestry, Marin Drăcea, Calea Bucovinei 73bis, Campulung Moldovenesc, Romania
| | - Tobias Scharnweber
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Robert Weigel
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Martin Wilmking
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christian S Zang
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354, Freising, Germany
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Belokopytova LV, Babushkina EA, Zhirnova DF, Panyushkina IP, Vaganov EA. Climatic Response of Conifer Radial Growth in Forest-Steppes of South Siberia: Comparison of Three Approaches. CONTEMP PROBL ECOL+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1995425518040030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Uriarte M, Menge D. Variation between individuals fosters regional species coexistence. Ecol Lett 2018; 21:1496-1504. [PMID: 30084129 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Although individual-level variation (IV) is ubiquitous in nature, it is not clear how it influences species coexistence. Theory predicts that IV will hinder coexistence but empirical studies have shown that it can facilitate, inhibit, or have a neutral effect. We use a theoretical model to explore the consequences of IV on local and regional species coexistence in the context of spatial environmental structure. Our results show that individual variation can have a positive effect on species coexistence and that this effect will critically depend on the spatial structure of such variation. IV facilitates coexistence when a negative, concave-up relationship between individuals' competitive response and population growth rates propagates to a disproportionate advantage for the inferior competitor, provided that each species specialises in a habitat. While greater variation in the preferred habitat generally fosters coexistence, the opposite is true for non-preferred habitats. Our results reconcile theory with empirical findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Uriarte
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, 1200 Amsterdam Ave, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Duncan Menge
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, 1200 Amsterdam Ave, New York, NY, 10027, USA
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Forner A, Valladares F, Bonal D, Granier A, Grossiord C, Aranda I. Extreme droughts affecting Mediterranean tree species' growth and water-use efficiency: the importance of timing. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 38:1127-1137. [PMID: 29554342 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpy022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
It has been known for a long time that drought intensity is a critical variable in determining water stress of Mediterranean tree species. However, not as much attention has been paid to other drought characteristics, for example the timing of the dry periods. We investigated the impact of the timing and intensity of extreme droughts on growing season length, growth and water-use efficiency of three tree species, Pinus nigra ssp. Salzmannii J.F. Arnold, Quercus ilex ssp. ballota (Desf.) Samp. and Quercus faginea Lam. coexisting in a continental Mediterranean ecosystem. Over the study period (2009-13), intense droughts were observed at annual and seasonal scales, particularly during 2011 and 2012. In 2012, an atypically dry winter and spring was followed by an intense summer drought. Quercus faginea growth was affected more by drought timing than by drought intensity, probably because of its winter-deciduous leaf habit. Pinus nigra showed a lower decrease in secondary growth than observed in the two Quercus species in extremely dry years. Resilience to extreme droughts was different among species, with Q. faginea showing poorer recovery of growth after very dry years. The highest intra- and inter-annual plasticity in water-use efficiency was observed in P. nigra, which maintained a more water-saving strategy. Our results revealed that the timing of extreme drought events can affect tree function to a larger extent than drought intensity, especially in deciduous species. Legacy effects of drought over months and years significantly strengthened the impact of drought timing and intensity on tree function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Forner
- Laboratorio Internacional de Cambio Global (LINCGlobal), Departamento de Biogeografía y Cambio Global, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, MNCN, CSIC, Serrano 115 dpdo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Valladares
- Laboratorio Internacional de Cambio Global (LINCGlobal), Departamento de Biogeografía y Cambio Global, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, MNCN, CSIC, Serrano 115 dpdo, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnológicas, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, c/ Tulipán s/n, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Damien Bonal
- INRA, Université de Lorraine, UMR 1137 Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières, Champenoux, France
| | - André Granier
- INRA, Université de Lorraine, UMR 1137 Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières, Champenoux, France
| | - Charlotte Grossiord
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Ismael Aranda
- Department of Forest Ecology and Genetics, INIA, Forest Research Centre, Avda. A Coruña km 7.5, Madrid, Spain
- INAGEA, Instituto de Investigaciones Agroambientales y de Economía del Agua, Palma de Mallorca, Islas Baleares, Spain
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Contrasting Patterns of Tree Growth of Mediterranean Pine Species in the Iberian Peninsula. FORESTS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/f9070416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Gentilesca T, Rita A, Brunetti M, Giammarchi F, Leonardi S, Magnani F, van Noije T, Tonon G, Borghetti M. Nitrogen deposition outweighs climatic variability in driving annual growth rate of canopy beech trees: Evidence from long-term growth reconstruction across a geographic gradient. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:2898-2912. [PMID: 29569794 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the role of climatic variability and atmospheric nitrogen deposition in driving long-term tree growth in canopy beech trees along a geographic gradient in the montane belt of the Italian peninsula, from the Alps to the southern Apennines. We sampled dominant trees at different developmental stages (from young to mature tree cohorts, with tree ages spanning from 35 to 160 years) and used stem analysis to infer historic reconstruction of tree volume and dominant height. Annual growth volume (GV ) and height (GH ) variability were related to annual variability in model simulated atmospheric nitrogen deposition and site-specific climatic variables, (i.e. mean annual temperature, total annual precipitation, mean growing period temperature, total growing period precipitation, and standard precipitation evapotranspiration index) and atmospheric CO2 concentration, including tree cambial age among growth predictors. Generalized additive models (GAM), linear mixed-effects models (LMM), and Bayesian regression models (BRM) were independently employed to assess explanatory variables. The main results from our study were as follows: (i) tree age was the main explanatory variable for long-term growth variability; (ii) GAM, LMM, and BRM results consistently indicated climatic variables and CO2 effects on GV and GH were weak, therefore evidence of recent climatic variability influence on beech annual growth rates was limited in the montane belt of the Italian peninsula; (iii) instead, significant positive nitrogen deposition (Ndep ) effects were repeatedly observed in GV and GH ; the positive effects of Ndep on canopy height growth rates, which tended to level off at Ndep values greater than approximately 1.0 g m-2 y-1 , were interpreted as positive impacts on forest stand above-ground net productivity at the selected study sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Gentilesca
- Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Angelo Rita
- Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Michele Brunetti
- Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Leonardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Federico Magnani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Twan van Noije
- Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), AE De Bilt, The Netherlands
| | - Giustino Tonon
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Marco Borghetti
- Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
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