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Tanveer S, Ilyas N, Akhtar N, Akhtar N, Bostan N, Hasnain Z, Niaz A, Zengin G, Gafur A, Fitriatin BN. Unlocking the interaction of organophosphorus pesticide residues with ecosystem: Toxicity and bioremediation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 249:118291. [PMID: 38301757 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Organophosphorus adulteration in the environment creates terrestrial and aquatic pollution. It causes acute and subacute toxicity in plants, humans, insects, and animals. Due to the excessive use of organophosphorus pesticides, there is a need to develop environmentally friendly, economical, and bio-based strategies. The microbiomes, that exist in the soil, can reduce the devastating effects of organophosphates. The use of cell-free enzymes and yeast is also an advanced method for the degradation of organophosphates. Plant-friendly bacterial strains, that exist in the soil, can help to degrade these contaminants by oxidation-reduction reactions, enzymatic breakdown, and adsorption. The bacterial strains mostly from the genus Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Agrobacterium, and Rhizobium have the ability to hydrolyze the bonds of organophosphate compounds like profenofos, quinalphos, malathion, methyl-parathion, and chlorpyrifos. The native bacterial strains also promote the growth abilities of plants and help in detoxification of organophosphate residues. This bioremediation technique is easy to use, relatively cost-effective, very efficient, and ensures the safety of the environment. This review covers the literature gap by describing the major effects of organophosphates on the ecosystem and their bioremediation by using native bacterial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Tanveer
- Department of Botany, PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
| | - Noshin Ilyas
- Department of Botany, PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
| | - Nosheen Akhtar
- Department of Botany, PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
| | - Nazish Akhtar
- Department of Botany, PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
| | - Nageen Bostan
- Department of Botany, PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
| | - Zuhair Hasnain
- Department of Agronomy, PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
| | - Abdullah Niaz
- Pesticide Residue Laboratory, Institute of Soil Chemistry & Environmental Sciences, Kala Shah Kaku, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, 42130, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Abdul Gafur
- Sinarmas Forestry Corporate Research and Development, Perawang, 28772, Indonesia.
| | - Betty Natalie Fitriatin
- Department of Soil Science and Land Resouces Management, Agriculture Faculty, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia.
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2
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Palberg D, Kaszecki E, Dhanjal C, Kisiała A, Morrison EN, Stock N, Emery RJN. Impact of glyphosate and glyphosate-based herbicides on phyllospheric Methylobacterium. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:119. [PMID: 38369476 PMCID: PMC10875822 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04818-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Symbiotic Methylobacterium comprise a significant portion of the phyllospheric microbiome, and are known to benefit host plant growth, development, and confer tolerance to stress factors. The near ubiquitous use of the broad-spectrum herbicide, glyphosate, in farming operations globally has necessitated a more expansive evaluation of the impacts of the agent itself and formulations containing glyphosate on important components of the plant phyllosphere, including Methylobacterium.This study provides an investigation of the sensitivity of 18 strains of Methylobacterium to glyphosate and two commercially available glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH). Nearly all strains of Methylobacterium showed signs of sensitivity to the popular GBH formulations WeatherMax® and Transorb® in a modified Kirby Bauer experiment. However, exposure to pure forms of glyphosate did not show a significant effect on growth for any strain in both the Kirby Bauer test and in liquid broth, until polysorbate-20 (Tween20) was added as a surfactant. Artificially increasing membrane permeability through the introduction of polysorbate-20 caused a 78-84% reduction in bacterial cell biomass relative to controls containing glyphosate or high levels of surfactant only (0-9% and 6-37% reduction respectively). Concentrations of glyphosate as low as 0.05% w/v (500 µg/L) from both commercial formulations tested, inhibited the culturability of Methylobacterium on fresh nutrient-rich medium.To better understand the compatibility of important phyllospheric bacteria with commercial glyphosate-based herbicides, this study endeavours to characterize sensitivity in multiple strains of Methylobacterium, and explore possible mechanisms by which toxicity may be induced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Palberg
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON, K9L 0G2, Canada
| | - Emma Kaszecki
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON, K9L 0G2, Canada
| | - Chetan Dhanjal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Anna Kisiała
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON, K9L 0G2, Canada
| | - Erin N Morrison
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON, K9L 0G2, Canada
| | - Naomi Stock
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON, K9L 0G2, Canada
- Water Quality Centre, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON, K9L 0G2, Canada
| | - R J Neil Emery
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON, K9L 0G2, Canada.
- Department of Biology, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON, K9L 0G2, Canada.
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3
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Zhou Y, Zhang Z, Jing J, Bao F, Wu L, Du Y, Zhang H. Integrating environmental carry capacity based on pesticide risk assessment in soil management: A case study for China. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 460:132341. [PMID: 37659236 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are widely used in agriculture and can pose risks to soil health and environmental quality. This study assessed the occurrence, distribution, ecological risk, and environmental carrying capacity of 56 currently used pesticides and three metabolites in agricultural soils of Horqin Left Middle Banner, a typical Northeast China agricultural area. 29 pesticides were detected, with atrazine, clothianidin, and propiconazole the most common. Clothianidin and difenoconazole were high-risk to non-target organisms according to risk-toxicity exposure ratio and risk quotient approaches. This study provides a comprehensive and improvement framework for pesticide soil environmental carrying capacity (SECC) assessment and soil quality protection early warning. The SECC model showed no pesticides surpassed the soil carrying capacity threshold under the current application pattern. Five pesticides (clothianidin, difenoconazole, propiconazole, atrazine, and imidacloprid) may reach the threshold within 10 years, requiring pesticide reduction and soil quality monitoring. An early warning system based on SECC values and cumulative amounts of pesticides predicted that clothianidin may exceed the threshold within 0.1 years. These pesticides should be prioritized for management and regulation to prevent soil environmental degradation. The findings can help inform policymakers and stakeholders on pesticide management and sustainable agricultural development in Horqin Left Middle Banner and similar regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Zhengyu Zhang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Jing Jing
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Feifei Bao
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Lanxin Wu
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yuhan Du
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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4
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Lehman PC, Cady N, Ghimire S, Shahi SK, Shrode RL, Lehmler HJ, Mangalam AK. Low-dose glyphosate exposure alters gut microbiota composition and modulates gut homeostasis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 100:104149. [PMID: 37196884 PMCID: PMC10330715 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of glyphosate, a broad-spectrum herbicide, has resulted in significant human exposure, and recent studies have challenged the notion that glyphosate is safe for humans. Although the link between disease states and glyphosate exposure is increasingly appreciated, the mechanistic links between glyphosate and its toxic effects on human health are poorly understood. Recent studies have suggested that glyphosate may cause toxicity through modulation of the gut microbiome, but evidence for glyphosate-induced gut dysbiosis and its effect on host physiology at doses approximating the U.S. Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI = 1.75 mg/kg body weight) is limited. Here, utilizing shotgun metagenomic sequencing of fecal samples from C57BL/6 J mice, we show that glyphosate exposure at doses approximating the U.S. ADI significantly impacts gut microbiota composition. These gut microbial alterations were associated with effects on gut homeostasis characterized by increased proinflammatory CD4+IL17A+ T cells and Lipocalin-2, a known marker of intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C Lehman
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Nicole Cady
- Program in Biomedical Sciences, Rackham Graduate School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sudeep Ghimire
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | | | - Rachel L Shrode
- Informatics Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Hans-Joachim Lehmler
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Ashutosh K Mangalam
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA; Immunology Graduate Program. University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA.
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5
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Mali H, Shah C, Raghunandan BH, Prajapati AS, Patel DH, Trivedi U, Subramanian RB. Organophosphate pesticides an emerging environmental contaminant: Pollution, toxicity, bioremediation progress, and remaining challenges. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 127:234-250. [PMID: 36522056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphates (OPs) are an integral part of modern agriculture; however, due to overexploitation, OPs pesticides residues are leaching and accumulating in the soil, and groundwater contaminated terrestrial and aquatic food webs. Acute exposure to OPs could produce toxicity in insects, plants, animals, and humans. OPs are known for covalent inhibition of acetylcholinesterase enzyme in pests and terrestrial/aquatic organisms, leading to nervous, respiratory, reproductive, and hepatic abnormalities. OPs pesticides also disrupt the growth-promoting machinery in plants by inhibiting key enzymes, permeability, and trans-cuticular diffusion, which is crucial for plant growth. Excessive use of OPs, directly/indirectly affecting human/environmental health, raise a thoughtful global concern. Developing a safe, reliable, economical, and eco-friendly methods for removing OPs pesticides from the environment is thus necessary. Bioremediation techniques coupled with microbes or microbial-biocatalysts are emerging as promising antidotes for OPs pesticides. Here, we comprehensively review the current scenario of OPs pollution, their toxicity (at a molecular level), and the recent advancements in biotechnology (modified biocatalytic systems) for detection, decontamination, and bioremediation of OP-pesticides in polluted environments. Furthermore, the review focuses on onsite applications of OPs degrading enzymes (immobilizations/biosensors/others), and it also highlights remaining challenges with future approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Mali
- P. G. Department of Biosciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Studies, Satellite Campus, Sardar Patel University, Sardar Patel Maidan, Bakrol-Vadtal Road, Bakrol 388 315, Gujarat, India
| | - Chandni Shah
- P. G. Department of Biosciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Studies, Satellite Campus, Sardar Patel University, Sardar Patel Maidan, Bakrol-Vadtal Road, Bakrol 388 315, Gujarat, India
| | - B H Raghunandan
- P. G. Department of Biosciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Studies, Satellite Campus, Sardar Patel University, Sardar Patel Maidan, Bakrol-Vadtal Road, Bakrol 388 315, Gujarat, India
| | - Anil S Prajapati
- P. G. Department of Biosciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Studies, Satellite Campus, Sardar Patel University, Sardar Patel Maidan, Bakrol-Vadtal Road, Bakrol 388 315, Gujarat, India
| | - Darshan H Patel
- Charotar Institute of Paramedical Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, (CHARUSAT), Changa 388421, Gujarat, India
| | - Ujjval Trivedi
- P. G. Department of Biosciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Studies, Satellite Campus, Sardar Patel University, Sardar Patel Maidan, Bakrol-Vadtal Road, Bakrol 388 315, Gujarat, India
| | - R B Subramanian
- P. G. Department of Biosciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Studies, Satellite Campus, Sardar Patel University, Sardar Patel Maidan, Bakrol-Vadtal Road, Bakrol 388 315, Gujarat, India.
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6
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Ruuskanen S, Fuchs B, Nissinen R, Puigbò P, Rainio M, Saikkonen K, Helander M. Ecosystem consequences of herbicides: the role of microbiome. Trends Ecol Evol 2023; 38:35-43. [PMID: 36243622 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2022.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Non-target organisms are globally exposed to herbicides. While many herbicides - for example, glyphosate - were initially considered safe, increasing evidence demonstrates that they have profound effects on ecosystem functions via altered microbial communities. We provide a comprehensive framework on how herbicide residues may modulate ecosystem-level outcomes via alteration of microbiomes. The changes in soil microbiome are likely to influence key nutrient cycling and plant-soil processes. Herbicide-altered microbiome affects plant and animal performance and can influence trophic interactions such as herbivory and pollination. These changes are expected to lead to ecosystem and even evolutionary consequences for both microbes and hosts. Tackling the threats caused by agrochemicals to ecosystem functions and services requires tools and solutions based on a comprehensive understanding of microbe-mediated risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvi Ruuskanen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland; Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
| | - Benjamin Fuchs
- Biodiversity Unit, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Riitta Nissinen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Pere Puigbò
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland; Nutrition and Health Unit, Eurecat Technology Centre of Catalonia, Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira I Virgili University, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Miia Rainio
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Kari Saikkonen
- Biodiversity Unit, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Marjo Helander
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
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7
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Shahid M, Khan MS. Ecotoxicological implications of residual pesticides to beneficial soil bacteria: A review. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:105272. [PMID: 36464377 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Optimization of crop production in recent times has become essential to fulfil food demands of constantly increasing human populations worldwide. To address this formidable challenge, application of agro-chemicals including synthetic pesticides in intensive farm practices has increased alarmingly. The excessive and indiscriminate application of pesticides to foster food production however, leads to its exorbitant deposition in soils. After accumulation in soils beyond threshold limits, pesticides harmfully affect the abundance, diversity and composition and functions of rhizosphere microbiome. Also, the cost of pesticides and emergence of resistance among insect-pests against pesticides are other reasons that require attention. Due to this, loss in soil nutrient pool cause a substantive reduction in agricultural production which warrant the search for newer environmentally friendly technology for sustainable crop production. Rhizosphere microbes, in this context, play vital roles in detoxifying the polluted environment making soil amenable for cultivation through detoxification of pollutants, rhizoremediation, bioremediation, pesticide degradation, and stress alleviation, leading to yield optimization. The response of soil microorganisms to range of chemical pesticides is variable ranging from unfavourable to the death of beneficial microbes. At cellular and biochemical levels, pesticides destruct the morphology, ultrastructure, viability/cellular permeability, and many biochemical reactions including protein profiles of soil bacteria. Several classes of pesticides also disturb the molecular interaction between crops and their symbionts impeding the overall useful biological processes. The harmful impact of pesticides on soil microbes, however, is poorly researched. In this review, the recent findings related with potential effects of synthetic pesticides on a range of soil microbiota is highlighted. Emphasis is given to find and suggest strategies to minimize the chemical pesticides usage in the real field conditions to preserve the viability of soil beneficial bacteria and soil quality for safe and sustainable crop production even in pesticide contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shahid
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Mohammad Saghir Khan
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Zabaloy MC, Allegrini M, Hernandez Guijarro K, Behrends Kraemer F, Morrás H, Erijman L. Microbiomes and glyphosate biodegradation in edaphic and aquatic environments: recent issues and trends. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:98. [PMID: 35478266 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03281-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine) has emerged as the top-selling herbicide worldwide because of its versatility in controlling annual and perennial weeds and the extensive use of glyphosate-resistant crops. Concerns related to the widespread use of glyphosate and its ubiquitous presence in the environment has led to a large number of studies and reviews, which examined the toxicity and fate of glyphosate and its major metabolite, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) in the environment. Because the biological breakdown of glyphosate is most likely the main elimination process, the biodegradation of glyphosate has also been the object of abundant experimental work. Importantly, glyphosate biodegradation in aquatic and soil ecosystems is affected not only by the composition and the activity of microbial communities, but also by the physical environment. However, the interplay between microbiomes and glyphosate biodegradation in edaphic and aquatic environments has rarely been considered before. The proposed minireview aims at filling this gap. We summarize the most recent work exploring glyphosate biodegradation in natural aquatic biofilms, the biological, chemical and physical factors and processes playing on the adsorption, transport and biodegradation of glyphosate at different levels of soil organization and under different agricultural managements, and its impact on soil microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Celina Zabaloy
- Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida (CERZOS), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
- Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Marco Allegrini
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario (IICAR), CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Zavalla, Argentina
| | - Keren Hernandez Guijarro
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Unidad Integrada Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce, Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Filipe Behrends Kraemer
- Cátedra de Manejo y Conservación de Suelos, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Suelos-CIRN-INTA, Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - Héctor Morrás
- Instituto de Suelos-CIRN-INTA, Hurlingham, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Veterinaria, Universidad del Salvador, Pilar, Argentina
| | - Leonardo Erijman
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr Héctor N. Torres" (INGEBI-CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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9
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Li W, Wilkes RA, Aristilde L. Effects of Phosphonate Herbicides on the Secretions of Plant-Beneficial Compounds by Two Plant Growth-Promoting Soil Bacteria: A Metabolomics Investigation. ACS ENVIRONMENTAL AU 2022; 2:136-149. [PMID: 37101584 PMCID: PMC10114855 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.1c00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) that colonize plant roots produce a variety of plant-beneficial compounds, including plant-growth regulators, metal-scavenging compounds, and antibiotics against plant pathogens. Adverse effects of phosphonate herbicides, the most extensively used herbicides, on the growth and metabolism of PGPR species have been widely reported. However, the potential consequence of these effects on the biosynthesis and secretion of PGPR-derived beneficial compounds still remains to be investigated. Here, using high-resolution mass spectrometry and a metabolomics approach, we investigated both the intracellular metabolome and the extracellular secretions of biomass-normalized metabolite levels in two PGPR species (Pseudomonas protegens Pf-5, a Gram-negative bacterium; Priestia megaterium QM B1551, a Gram-positive bacterium) exposed to three common phosphonate herbicides (glyphosate, glufosinate, and fosamine; 0.1-1 mM) in either iron (Fe)-replete or Fe-deficient nutrient media. We quantified secreted auxin-type plant hormone compounds (phenylacetic acid and indole-3-acetic acid), iron-scavenging compounds or siderophores (pyoverdine and schizokinen), and antibiotics (2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol and pyoluteorin) produced by these PGPR species. The Fe-replete cells exposed to the phosphonate herbicides yielded up to a 25-fold increase in the production of both auxin and antibiotic compounds, indicating that herbicide exposure under Fe-replete conditions triggered metabolite secretions. However, the herbicide-exposed Fe-deficient cells exhibited a near 2-fold depletion in the secretion of these auxin and antibiotic compounds as well as a 77% decrease in siderophore production. Intracellular metabolomics analysis of the Fe-deficient cells further revealed metabolic perturbations in biosynthetic pathways consistent with the impaired production of the plant-beneficial compounds. Our findings implied that compromised cellular metabolism during nutrient deficiency may exacerbate the adverse effects of phosphonate herbicides on PGPR species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Li
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering
and Applied Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Rebecca A. Wilkes
- Department
of Biological and Environmental Engineering, College of Agriculture
and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering
and Applied Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Ludmilla Aristilde
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering
and Applied Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department
of Biological and Environmental Engineering, College of Agriculture
and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering
and Applied Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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10
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Marques JGDC, Veríssimo KJDS, Fernandes BS, Ferreira SRDM, Montenegro SMGL, Motteran F. Glyphosate: A Review on the Current Environmental Impacts from a Brazilian Perspective. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 107:385-397. [PMID: 34142191 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-021-03295-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The indiscriminate use of glyphosate is one of the main agricultural practices to combat weeds and grasses; however, its incorrect application increases soil and water contamination caused by the product. This situation is even more critical due to its great versatility for use in different cultivars and at lower prices, making it the most used pesticide in the world. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of in-depth studies regarding the damage that its use may cause. Therefore, this review focused on the analysis of environmental impacts at the soil-water interface caused by the use of glyphosate. In this sense, studies have shown that the intensive use of glyphosate has the potential to cause harmful effects on soil microorganisms, leading to changes in soil fertility and ecological imbalance, as well as impacts on aquatic environments derived from changes in the food chain. This situation is similar in Brazil, with the harmful effects of glyphosate in nontarget species and the contamination of the atmosphere. Therefore, it is necessary to change this scenario by modifying the type of pest control in agriculture, and actions such as crop rotation and biological control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathas Gomes de Carvalho Marques
- Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Pernambuco - UFPE. Rua Acadêmico Hélio Ramos, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50740-530, Brazil.
| | - Klayde Janny da Silva Veríssimo
- Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Pernambuco - UFPE. Rua Acadêmico Hélio Ramos, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50740-530, Brazil
| | - Bruna Soares Fernandes
- Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Pernambuco - UFPE. Rua Acadêmico Hélio Ramos, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50740-530, Brazil
| | - Silvio Romero de Melo Ferreira
- Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Pernambuco - UFPE. Rua Acadêmico Hélio Ramos, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50740-530, Brazil
| | - Suzana Maria Gico Lima Montenegro
- Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Pernambuco - UFPE. Rua Acadêmico Hélio Ramos, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50740-530, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Motteran
- Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Pernambuco - UFPE. Rua Acadêmico Hélio Ramos, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50740-530, Brazil
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11
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Silicon Improves the Redox Homeostasis to Alleviate Glyphosate Toxicity in Tomato Plants-Are Nanomaterials Relevant? Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081320. [PMID: 34439568 PMCID: PMC8389300 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the widespread use of glyphosate (GLY), this agrochemical is becoming a source of contamination in agricultural soils, affecting non-target plants. Therefore, sustainable strategies to increase crop tolerance to GLY are needed. From this perspective and recalling silicon (Si)'s role in alleviating different abiotic stresses, the main goal of this study was to assess if the foliar application of Si, either as bulk or nano forms, is capable of enhancing Solanum lycopersicum L. tolerance to GLY (10 mg kg-1). After 28 day(s), GLY-treated plants exhibited growth-related disorders in both shoots and roots, accompanied by an overproduction of superoxide anion (O2•-) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in shoots. Although plants solely exposed to GLY have activated non-enzymatic antioxidant mechanisms (proline, ascorbate and glutathione), a generalized inhibition of the antioxidant enzymes was found, suggesting the occurrence of great redox disturbances. In response to Si or nano-SiO2 co-application, most of GLY phytotoxic effects on growth were prevented, accompanied with a better ROS removal, especially by an upregulation of the main antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Overall, results pointed towards the potential of both sources of Si to reduce GLY-induced oxidative stress, without major differences between their efficacy.
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Zhumakayev AR, Vörös M, Szekeres A, Rakk D, Vágvölgyi C, Szűcs A, Kredics L, Škrbić BD, Hatvani L. Comprehensive characterization of stress tolerant bacteria with plant growth-promoting potential isolated from glyphosate-treated environment. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:94. [PMID: 33963474 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03065-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The application of plant growth-promoting bacteria in agricultural systems is an efficient and environment-friendly strategy to improve crop yields and maintain soil quality. However, as different soils have diverse and specific ecological characteristics and may represent adverse abiotic conditions, in vivo application requires the careful selection of the desired beneficial microorganisms. In this study we report Ensifer adhaerens SZMC 25856 and Pseudomonas resinovorans SZMC 25875 isolates recovered from glyphosate-treated soil to possess yet undiscovered plant growth-enhancing potential. The strains were found to promote the growth of tomato seedlings significantly, to have the ability of synthesizing indole-3-acetic acid and siderophores, to tolerate pH in the range of 6.59-7.96, salinity up to 12.5 g L-1 NaCl and drought up to 125 g L-1 polyethylene glycol 6000, as well as to survive in the presence of various pesticides including glyphosate, diuron, chlorotoluron, carbendazim and thiabendazole, and heavy metals such as Al, Fe, Mn, Zn, Pb and Cu. The plant growth-promoting traits of the examined E. adhaerens and P. resinovorans isolates and their tolerance to numerous abiotic stress factors make them promising candidates for application in different agricultural environments, including soils polluted with glyphosate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuar R Zhumakayev
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
- Doctoral School in Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - Mónika Vörös
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - András Szekeres
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - Dávid Rakk
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
- Doctoral School in Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - Csaba Vágvölgyi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - Attila Szűcs
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - László Kredics
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - Biljana D Škrbić
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Lóránt Hatvani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, 6726, Hungary.
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13
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Smith DFQ, Camacho E, Thakur R, Barron AJ, Dong Y, Dimopoulos G, Broderick NA, Casadevall A. Glyphosate inhibits melanization and increases susceptibility to infection in insects. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001182. [PMID: 33979323 PMCID: PMC8115815 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanin, a black-brown pigment found throughout all kingdoms of life, has diverse biological functions including UV protection, thermoregulation, oxidant scavenging, arthropod immunity, and microbial virulence. Given melanin's broad roles in the biosphere, particularly in insect immune defenses, it is important to understand how exposure to ubiquitous environmental contaminants affects melanization. Glyphosate-the most widely used herbicide globally-inhibits melanin production, which could have wide-ranging implications in the health of many organisms, including insects. Here, we demonstrate that glyphosate has deleterious effects on insect health in 2 evolutionary distant species, Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae), suggesting a broad effect in insects. Glyphosate reduced survival of G. mellonella caterpillars following infection with the fungus Cryptococcus neoformans and decreased the size of melanized nodules formed in hemolymph, which normally help eliminate infection. Glyphosate also increased the burden of the malaria-causing parasite Plasmodium falciparum in A. gambiae mosquitoes, altered uninfected mosquito survival, and perturbed the microbial composition of adult mosquito midguts. Our results show that glyphosate's mechanism of melanin inhibition involves antioxidant synergy and disruption of the reaction oxidation-reduction balance. Overall, these findings suggest that glyphosate's environmental accumulation could render insects more susceptible to microbial pathogens due to melanin inhibition, immune impairment, and perturbations in microbiota composition, potentially contributing to declines in insect populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F. Q. Smith
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Emma Camacho
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Raviraj Thakur
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Alexander J. Barron
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yuemei Dong
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - George Dimopoulos
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nichole A. Broderick
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore Maryland, United States of America
| | - Arturo Casadevall
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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Abstract
In this paper, the photocatalytic degradation of glyphosate by zinc oxide (ZnO) photocatalysts doped with tungsten (W) was investigated under solar simulated light. The photocatalysts were successfully synthesized through a simple precipitation method and subsequently characterized by different techniques: Raman spectroscopy, UV–Vis, N2 adsorption at −196 °C, X-ray diffraction, and SEM analysis. In particular, all the prepared catalysts were characterized by a crystallite size of about 28 nm and a hexagonal wurtzite structure. After the W doping, the bandgap energy decreased from 3.22 of pure ZnO to 3.19 for doped ZnO. This allowed us to obtain good results in terms of glyphosate degradation and simultaneous mineralization under solar simulated lamps, making the process environmentally friendly and with almost zero energy costs. In particular, the best photocatalytic performance was obtained with 100 W-ZnO (prepared with 1.5 mol% of W). With this catalyst, after 180 min of exposure to solar simulated light, the glyphosate degradation and mineralization was equal to 74% and 30%, respectively. Furthermore, it has been shown that the best catalyst dosage was equal to 1.5 g/L. The study on the influence of pH evidenced that the best photocatalytic performances are obtained at spontaneous (neutral) pH conditions. Finally, to determine the main reactive species in the glyphosate oxidation, the effects of different radical scavengers were tested. The results evidenced that the glyphosate oxidation mechanism seems to be related mainly to the O2•− generated under simulated solar light irradiation, but also in minor part to h+.
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Singh S, Kumar V, Gill JPK, Datta S, Singh S, Dhaka V, Kapoor D, Wani AB, Dhanjal DS, Kumar M, Harikumar SL, Singh J. Herbicide Glyphosate: Toxicity and Microbial Degradation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E7519. [PMID: 33076575 PMCID: PMC7602795 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17207519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is a non-specific organophosphate pesticide, which finds widespread application in shielding crops against the weeds. Its high solubility in hydrophilic solvents, especially water and high mobility allows the rapid leaching of the glyphosate into the soil leading to contamination of groundwater and accumulation into the plant tissues, therefore intricating the elimination of the herbicides. Despite the widespread application, only a few percentages of the total applied glyphosate serve the actual purpose, dispensing the rest in the environment, thus resulting in reduced crop yields, low quality agricultural products, deteriorating soil fertility, contributing to water pollution, and consequently threatening human and animal life. This review gives an insight into the toxicological effects of the herbicide glyphosate and current approaches to track and identify trace amounts of this agrochemical along with its biodegradability and possible remediating strategies. Efforts have also been made to summarize the biodegradation mechanisms and catabolic enzymes involved in glyphosate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simranjeet Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India; (S.S.); (V.D.); (D.S.D.)
- Punjab Biotechnology Incubator (PBTI), Phase-V, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160059, India
- Regional Advance Water Testing Laboratory, Department of Water Supply and Sanitation, Phase-II, S.A.S. Nagar 160054, India;
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Drug Development, Gwalior 474009, India;
| | | | - Shivika Datta
- Department of Zoology, Doaba College Jalandhar, Jalandhar 144001, India;
| | - Satyender Singh
- Regional Advance Water Testing Laboratory, Department of Water Supply and Sanitation, Phase-II, S.A.S. Nagar 160054, India;
| | - Vaishali Dhaka
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India; (S.S.); (V.D.); (D.S.D.)
| | - Dhriti Kapoor
- Department of Botany, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India;
| | - Abdul Basit Wani
- Department of Chemistry, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India;
| | - Daljeet Singh Dhanjal
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India; (S.S.); (V.D.); (D.S.D.)
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University Jharkhand, Brambe, Ranchi 835205, India; (M.K.); (S.L.H.)
| | - S. L. Harikumar
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University Jharkhand, Brambe, Ranchi 835205, India; (M.K.); (S.L.H.)
| | - Joginder Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India; (S.S.); (V.D.); (D.S.D.)
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Sharma A, Shukla A, Attri K, Kumar M, Kumar P, Suttee A, Singh G, Barnwal RP, Singla N. Global trends in pesticides: A looming threat and viable alternatives. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 201:110812. [PMID: 32512419 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are widely used chemical compounds in agriculture to destroy insects, pests and weeds. In modern era, they form an indispensable part of agricultural and health practices. Globally, nearly 3 billion kg of pesticides are used every year with a budget of ~40 billion USD. This extensive usage has increased the crop yield as well as led to significant reduction in harvest losses and thereby, enhanced food availability. On the other hand, indiscriminate usage of these chemicals has led to several environmental implications and caused adverse effects on human health. Epidemiological evidences have revealed the harmful effects of pesticides exposure on various organs including liver, brain, lungs and colon. Recent investigations have shown that pesticides can also lead to fatal consequences such as cancer among individuals. These chemicals enter ecosystem, thus hampering the sensitive environmental equilibrium through bio-accumulation. Due to their non-biodegradable nature, they can persist in nature for years and are regarded as potent biohazard. Worldwide, very few surveillance methods have been considered, which can bring awareness among the individuals, therefore the present review is an attempt to delineate consequences induced by various types of pesticide exposure on the environment. Further, the prospective of biopesticides use could facilitate the increase of crop production without compromising human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India; UIPS, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Ananya Shukla
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India; Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Kriti Attri
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India; Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, 140306, India
| | - Megha Kumar
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Puneet Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151001, India
| | - Ashish Suttee
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, India
| | - Gurpal Singh
- UIPS, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | | | - Neha Singla
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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Meftaul IM, Venkateswarlu K, Dharmarajan R, Annamalai P, Asaduzzaman M, Parven A, Megharaj M. Controversies over human health and ecological impacts of glyphosate: Is it to be banned in modern agriculture? ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 263:114372. [PMID: 32203845 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate, introduced by Monsanto Company under the commercial name Roundup in 1974, became the extensively used herbicide worldwide in the last few decades. Glyphosate has excellent properties of fast sorption in soil, biodegradation and less toxicity to nontarget organisms. However, glyphosate has been reported to increase the risk of cancer, endocrine-disruption, celiac disease, autism, effect on erythrocytes, leaky-gut syndrome, etc. The reclassification of glyphosate in 2015 as 'probably carcinogenic' under Group 2A by the International Agency for Research on Cancer has been broadly circulated by anti-chemical and environmental advocacy groups claiming for restricted use or ban of glyphosate. In contrast, some comprehensive epidemiological studies involving farmers with long-time exposure to glyphosate in USA and elsewhere coupled with available toxicological data showed no correlation with any kind of carcinogenic or genotoxic threat to humans. Moreover, several investigations confirmed that the surfactant, polyethoxylated tallow amine (POEA), contained in the formulations of glyphosate like Roundup, is responsible for the established adverse impacts on human and ecological health. Subsequent to the evolution of genetically modified glyphosate-resistant crops and the extensive use of glyphosate over the last 45 years, about 38 weed species developed resistance to this herbicide. Consequently, its use in the recent years has been either restricted or banned in 20 countries. This critical review on glyphosate provides an overview of its behaviour, fate, detrimental impacts on ecological and human health, and the development of resistance in weeds and pathogens. Thus, the ultimate objective is to help the authorities and agencies concerned in resolving the existing controversies and in providing the necessary regulations for safer use of the herbicide. In our opinion, glyphosate can be judiciously used in agriculture with the inclusion of safer surfactants in commercial formulations sine POEA, which is toxic by itself is likely to increase the toxicity of glyphosate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam Md Meftaul
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Kadiyala Venkateswarlu
- Formerly Department of Microbiology, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapuramu 515003, India
| | - Rajarathnam Dharmarajan
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Prasath Annamalai
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Md Asaduzzaman
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Pine Gully Road, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
| | - Aney Parven
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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18
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Huang K, Jiang Q, Liu L, Zhang S, Liu C, Chen H, Ding W, Zhang Y. Exploring the key microbial changes in the rhizosphere that affect the occurrence of tobacco root-knot nematodes. AMB Express 2020; 10:72. [PMID: 32297018 PMCID: PMC7158972 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-020-01006-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Root-knot nematode (RKN) disease is a soil-borne disease. However, most studies on RKN have focused on the screening of agents and the cultivation of resistant varieties, and reports on the interaction of RKNs with soil microorganisms are few. In this study, we performed Illumina high-throughput sequencing to analyze diseased and healthy soil and the microbial-community changes in rhizosphere soil after microbial treatment (Pseudomonas flurescens, Bacillus subtilis, Paecolomyces lilacinus). Results showed significant differences in the bacterial community richness and diversity between diseased and healthy soil and the presence of different microbial species. After treatment, the richness and diversity of microbial communities in soil, as well as the number and incidence of second-stage juvenile of RKNs, decreased. Through linear discriminant analysis effect size, Pearson correlation, and Venn diagram analysis, we screened five genera that were closely related to disease occurrence, among which Pseudomonas was most related to disease inhibition. Our results suggested that the occurrence of tobacco RKN was related to changes in soil microbial communities, and that the interactions among Pseudomonas, Bryobacter, Variibacter, Coniochaeta, and Metarhizium affected the health of rhizosphere soil.
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19
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Kepler RM, Epp Schmidt DJ, Yarwood SA, Cavigelli MA, Reddy KN, Duke SO, Bradley CA, Williams MM, Buyer JS, Maul JE. Soil Microbial Communities in Diverse Agroecosystems Exposed to the Herbicide Glyphosate. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:e01744-19. [PMID: 31836576 PMCID: PMC7028976 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01744-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite glyphosate's wide use for weed control in agriculture, questions remain about the herbicide's effect on soil microbial communities. The existing scientific literature contains conflicting results, from no observable effect of glyphosate to the enrichment of agricultural pathogens such as Fusarium spp. We conducted a comprehensive field-based study to compare the microbial communities on the roots of plants that received a foliar application of glyphosate to adjacent plants that did not. The 2-year study was conducted in Beltsville, MD, and Stoneville, MS, with corn and soybean crops grown in a variety of organic and conventional farming systems. By sequencing environmental metabarcode amplicons, the prokaryotic and fungal communities were described, along with chemical and physical properties of the soil. Sections of corn and soybean roots were plated to screen for the presence of plant pathogens. Geography, farming system, and season were significant factors determining the composition of fungal and prokaryotic communities. Plots treated with glyphosate did not differ from untreated plots in overall microbial community composition after controlling for other factors. We did not detect an effect of glyphosate treatment on the relative abundance of organisms such as Fusarium spp.IMPORTANCE Increasing the efficiency of food production systems while reducing negative environmental effects remains a key societal challenge to successfully meet the needs of a growing global population. The herbicide glyphosate has become a nearly ubiquitous component of agricultural production across the globe, enabling an increasing adoption of no-till agriculture. Despite this widespread use, there remains considerable debate on the consequences of glyphosate exposure. In this paper, we examine the effect of glyphosate on soil microbial communities associated with the roots of glyphosate-resistant crops. Using metabarcoding techniques, we evaluated prokaryotic and fungal communities from agricultural soil samples (n = 768). No effects of glyphosate were found on soil microbial communities associated with glyphosate-resistant corn and soybean varieties across diverse farming systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Kepler
- Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Dietrich J Epp Schmidt
- Environmental Science and Technology Department, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephanie A Yarwood
- Environmental Science and Technology Department, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Michel A Cavigelli
- Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Krishna N Reddy
- Crop Production Systems Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Stoneville, Mississippi, USA
| | - Stephen O Duke
- Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, USDA-ARS, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Carl A Bradley
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky Research and Education Center, Princeton, Kentucky, USA
| | - Martin M Williams
- Global Change and Photosynthesis Research, USDA-ARS, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Buyer
- Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Jude E Maul
- Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
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Tofiño Rivera AP, Carbono Murgas RE, Melo Ríos AE, Merini LJ. [Effect of glyphosate on microbiota, soil quality and biofortified bean crop in Codazzi, department of Cesar, Colombia]. Rev Argent Microbiol 2020; 52:61-71. [PMID: 31153682 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Strategies aimed at achieving food safety in crops of high nutritional value should be carried out through sustainable agricultural practices aimed at soil conservation, high yield and food safety. This latter characteristic implies food production without detectable traces of agrochemicals that threaten health. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of the herbicide glyphosate on the chemical and biological fertility of the soil and to determine its residual activity on biofortified bean seeds in Codazzi, Department of Cesar, Colombia. The method included a correlational analysis of soil quality, crop yield and residuality in bean grains. The treatments included glyphosate application and synthetic and natural mulches, compared to manual control. The results showed differences in the response of chemical, microbiological and yield indicators between treatments and the initial conditions of the bean rhizosphere. The use of the herbicide glyphosate in mulch-free soil generates yield losses of 29% associated with a higher incidence of pests and fungal diseases; in all treatments, no glyphosate residuality was detected in seeds; however, residuality was detected in other molecules derived from insecticides associated with the local production system. In conclusion, in plots with high weed pressure by Cyperus rotundus, the use of mulch is recommended as an alternative to maintain bean productivity over time; by offering protection against the effect of the herbicide on both the root system of the plant and the soil microbiota of the biofortified bean crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Patricia Tofiño Rivera
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria Agrosavia, Centro de Investigación Motilonia, Valledupar, Colombia.
| | | | - Aslenis Emidia Melo Ríos
- Universidad de Santander, Facultad Ciencias de la Salud, Grupo de Investigación CIENCIAUDES, Valledupar, Colombia
| | - Luciano José Merini
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, INTA-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, La Pampa, Argentina
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21
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Allegrini M, Gomez EDV, Smalla K, Zabaloy MC. Suppression treatment differentially influences the microbial community and the occurrence of broad host range plasmids in the rhizosphere of the model cover crop Avena sativa L. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223600. [PMID: 31596877 PMCID: PMC6785065 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cover crop suppression with glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) represents a common agricultural practice. The objective of this study was to compare rhizospheric microbial communities of A. sativa plants treated with a GBH relative to the mechanical suppression (mowing) in order to assess their differences and the potential implications for soil processes. Samples were obtained at 4, 10, 17 and 26 days post-suppression. Soil catabolic profiling and DNA-based methods were applied. At 26 days, higher respiration responses and functional diversity indices (Shannon index and catabolic evenness) were observed under glyphosate suppression and a neat separation of catabolic profiles was detected in multivariate analysis. Sarcosine and Tween 20 showed the highest contribution to this separation. Metabarcoding revealed a non-significant effect of suppression method on either alpha-diversity metrics or beta-diversity. Conversely, differences were detected in the relative abundance of specific bacterial taxa. Mesorhizobium sequences were detected in higher relative abundance in glyphosate-treated plants at the end of the experiment while the opposite trend was observed for Gaiella. Quantitative PCR of amoA gene from ammonia-oxidizing archaea showed a lower abundance under GBH suppression again at 26 days, while ammonia-oxidizing bacteria remained lower at all sampling times. Broad host range plasmids IncP-1β and IncP-1ε were exclusively detected in the rhizosphere of glyphosate-treated plants at 10 days and at 26 days, respectively. Overall, our study demonstrates differential effects of suppression methods on the abundance of specific bacterial taxa, on the physiology and mobile genetic elements of microbial communities while no differences were detected in taxonomic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Allegrini
- Laboratorio de Biodiversidad Vegetal y Microbiana, Campo Experimental J. Villarino, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario (IICAR CONICET-UNR), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Zavalla, Argentina
| | - Elena del V. Gomez
- Laboratorio de Biodiversidad Vegetal y Microbiana, Campo Experimental J. Villarino, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario (IICAR CONICET-UNR), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Zavalla, Argentina
| | - Kornelia Smalla
- Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants (JKI), Julius Kühn-Institut, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - María Celina Zabaloy
- Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida (CERZOS), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
- Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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22
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Hu H, Zhou H, Zhou S, Li Z, Wei C, Yu Y, Hay AG. Fomesafen impacts bacterial communities and enzyme activities in the rhizosphere. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 253:302-311. [PMID: 31323613 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fomesafen, a long-lived protoporphyrinogen-oxidase inhibitor, specially developed for post-emergence control of broad-leaf weeds, is used widely in soybean fields in northern China (Dayan and Duke, 2010). The impact of fomesafen on microbial communities in rhizosphere soils, however, is unknown. In this study we examined fomesafen degradation as well as its effects in the rhizosphere of soybean plants grown in a greenhouse. Fomesafen had shorter half-life in rhizosphere soil than previously reported for bulk soil from the same location (87 vs 120 days). The enzyme activity of soil extracts and the microbial community composition of 16S rRNA genes (16S) amplified from soil DNA were also investigated. Although not immediately apparent, both the high (37.5 mg kg-1) and low (18.75 mg kg-1) doses of fomesafen significantly decreased urease and invertase activities in the rhizosphere soil from days 30 and 45 respectively until the end of the experiment (90 days). Analysis of 16S amplicons demonstrated that fomesafen had a dose dependent effect, decreasing alpha diversity and altering beta diversity. Significant phylum level decreases were observed in five of the ten phyla that were most abundant in the control. Proteobacteria was the only phylum whose relative abundance increased in the presence of fomesafen, driven by increases in the genera Methylophilacaea, Dyella, and Sphingomonas. The functional implications of changes in 16S abundance as predicted using PICRUSt suggested that fomesafen enriched for enzymes involved in xenobiotic metabolism and detoxification (cytochrome P450s and glutathione metabolism). Our data suggest that, despite being degraded more rapidly in the rhizosphere than in bulk soil, fomesafen had long-lasting functional impacts on the soil microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Hu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca NY, 14853, USA
| | - Shixiong Zhou
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, PR China; College of Forestry, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Zhaojun Li
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Chaojun Wei
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yong Yu
- China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Anthony G Hay
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca NY, 14853, USA.
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23
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Carranza CS, Aluffi ME, Benito N, Magnoli K, Barberis CL, Magnoli CE. Effect of in vitro glyphosate on Fusarium spp. growth and disease severity in maize. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:5064-5072. [PMID: 30977147 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glyphosate (GP) is one of the main pesticides used for maize production. Fusarium sp. is a fungal genus with several phytopathogenic species and toxigenic features. In this study, the culturable soil mycota was evaluated using the surface-spray method. The effect of GP on the growth parameters (growth rate and lag phase) of Fusarium spp. was also tested on solid media conditioned with different water activities. Finally, the GP effect on disease severity caused by Fusarium sp. in maize seedlings was studied. RESULTS The results showed that Fusarium species are frequently isolated from GP-exposed soils. The GP concentrations tested had a significant effect on F. graminearum, F. verticillioides and F. oxysporum growth parameters on solid media. The pathogenicity tests showed that the disease severity of the maize seedlings significantly increased with increasing GP concentrations. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that Fusarium species are frequently isolated from pesticide-exposed soils and the GP concentrations tested had a significant effect both on growth parameters and disease severity in maize. This study provides an approach to the effect of GP on Fusarium sp. growth and pathogenicity that reinforces the importance of evaluating all the factors that could affect feed and food production. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Soledad Carranza
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Melisa Eglé Aluffi
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Benito
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
- Fondo para la Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (FONCyT), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karen Magnoli
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carla Lorena Barberis
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carina Elizabeth Magnoli
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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24
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van Bruggen AHC, Goss EM, Havelaar A, van Diepeningen AD, Finckh MR, Morris JG. One Health - Cycling of diverse microbial communities as a connecting force for soil, plant, animal, human and ecosystem health. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 664:927-937. [PMID: 30769316 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The One Health concept proposes that there is a connection between human, animal and environmental health. Plants and their health are not explicitly included. In this review, we broaden the One Health concept to include soil, plant, animal and ecosystem health. We argue that the health conditions of all organisms in an ecosystem are interconnected through the cycling of subsets of microbial communities from the environment (in particular the soil) to plants, animals and humans, and back into the environment. After an introduction on health concepts, we present examples of community stability and resilience, diversity and interconnectedness as affected by pollutants, and integrity of nutrient cycles and energy flows. Next, we explain our concept of microbial cycling in relation to ecosystem health, and end with examples of plant and animal disease outbreaks in relation to microbial community composition and diversity. We conclude that we need a better understanding of the role of interconnected microbiomes in promoting plant and animal health and possible ways to stimulate a healthy, diverse microbiome throughout human-dominated ecosystems. We suggest that it is essential to maintain ecosystem and soil health through diversification of plant communities and oligotrophication of managed ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariena H C van Bruggen
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville FL32611, USA; Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville FL32611, USA.
| | - Erica M Goss
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville FL32611, USA; Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville FL32611, USA
| | - Arie Havelaar
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville FL32611, USA; Department of Animal Science, University of Florida, Gainesville FL32611, USA
| | - Anne D van Diepeningen
- Business Unit Biointeractions and Plant Health, Wageningen UR, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Maria R Finckh
- Faculty of Organic Agricultural Sciences, Ecological Plant Protection, University of Kassel, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany
| | - J Glenn Morris
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville FL32611, USA; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville FL32611, USA
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25
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Singh D, Slik JWF, Jeon YS, Tomlinson KW, Yang X, Wang J, Kerfahi D, Porazinska DL, Adams JM. Tropical forest conversion to rubber plantation affects soil micro- & mesofaunal community & diversity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5893. [PMID: 30971738 PMCID: PMC6458137 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42333-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropical rainforests play important roles in carbon sequestration and are hot spots for biodiversity. Tropical forests are being replaced by rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) plantations, causing widespread concern of a crash in biodiversity. Such changes in aboveground vegetation might have stronger impacts on belowground biodiversity. We studied tropical rainforest fragments and derived rubber plantations at a network of sites in Xishuangbanna, China, hypothesizing a major decrease in diversity with conversion to plantations. We used metabarcoding of the 18S rRNA gene and recovered 2313 OTUs, with a total of 449 OTUs shared between the two land-use types. The most abundant phyla detected were Annelida (66.4% reads) followed by arthropods (15.5% reads) and nematodes (8.9% reads). Of these, only annelids were significantly more abundant in rubber plantation. Taken together, α- and β-diversity were significantly higher in forest than rubber plantation. Soil pH and spatial distance explained a significant portion of the variability in phylogenetic community structure for both land-use types. Community assembly was primarily influenced by stochastic processes. Overall it appears that forest replacement by rubber plantation results in an overall loss and extensive replacement of soil micro- and mesofaunal biodiversity, which should be regarded as an additional aspect of the impact of forest conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmesh Singh
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
- Environmental Biotechnology & Genomics Division, CSIR-NEERI, Nehru Marg, Nagpur, MH, 440020, India
| | - J W Ferry Slik
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Yoon-Seong Jeon
- ChunLab Inc., Bldg. 105-1, Suite #307, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyle W Tomlinson
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Jin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Dorsaf Kerfahi
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Dorota L Porazinska
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, IFAS, 1881 Natural Area Drive, Gainesville, 32611, Florida, USA
| | - Jonathan M Adams
- School of Geography and Ocean Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, China.
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26
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Silva V, Mol HGJ, Zomer P, Tienstra M, Ritsema CJ, Geissen V. Pesticide residues in European agricultural soils - A hidden reality unfolded. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 653:1532-1545. [PMID: 30759587 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 382] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide use is a major foundation of the agricultural intensification observed over the last few decades. As a result, soil contamination by pesticide residues has become an issue of increasing concern due to some pesticides' high soil persistence and toxicity to non-target species. In this study, the distribution of 76 pesticide residues was evaluated in 317 agricultural topsoil samples from across the European Union. The soils were collected in 2015 and originated from 11 EU Member States and 6 main cropping systems. Over 80% of the tested soils contained pesticide residues (25% of samples had 1 residue, 58% of samples had mixtures of two or more residues), in a total of 166 different pesticide combinations. Glyphosate and its metabolite AMPA, DDTs (DDT and its metabolites) and the broad-spectrum fungicides boscalid, epoxiconazole and tebuconazole were the compounds most frequently found in soil samples and the compounds found at the highest concentrations. These compounds occasionally exceeded their predicted environmental concentrations in soil but were below the respective toxic endpoints for standard in-soil organisms. Maximum individual pesticide content assessed in a soil sample was 2.05 mg kg-1 while maximum total pesticide content was 2.87 mg kg-1. This study reveals that the presence of mixtures of pesticide residues in soils are the rule rather than the exception, indicating that environmental risk assessment procedures should be adapted accordingly to minimize related risks to soil life and beyond. This information can be used to implement monitoring programs for pesticide residues in soil and to trigger toxicity assessments of mixtures of pesticide residues on a wider range of soil species in order to perform more comprehensive and accurate risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Silva
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Hans G J Mol
- RIKILT-Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Paul Zomer
- RIKILT-Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marc Tienstra
- RIKILT-Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Coen J Ritsema
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Violette Geissen
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
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27
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Wen J, Li Z, Luo N, Huang M, Yang R, Zeng G. Investigating organic matter properties affecting the binding behavior of heavy metals in the rhizosphere of wetlands. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 162:184-191. [PMID: 29990730 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.06.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Soil organic matter (SOM) is a crucial factor affecting the immobilization of heavy metal in wetlands. Recent studies have shown that the rhizosphere SOM has great ability to immobilize heavy metals. However, there existed few works on studying molecular characteristics of SOM to explore the mechanisms. Electrospray ionization-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometry (ESI-FTICR-MS) combined with FTIR spectroscopy were applied to investigate the characteristics of SOM in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere samples and to find out what characteristics the rhizosphere SOM embodies conducive to metal binding in this paper. The rhizosphere contained higher C, P, Mn, and other metal concentrations. The adsorption of Cr on rhizosphere SOM was greater than that on nonrhizosphere SOM. Compared to nonrhizosphere SOM, rhizosphere SOM contained less saturated and more oxidized compounds, greater overall molecular weights (MW), more condensed aromatic structures (56.59% VS 51.56% by peak intensity), less carboxylate and N-containing COO functional groups (25.98% VS 56.63% by peak intensity), more hydrophilicity, and the latter four are conducive to metal binding. This study showed that the rhizosphere SOM had unique compositional and structural characteristics. These results provided evidence for the phytoremediation technologies of heavy metal contaminated wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Wen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Zhongwu Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Ninglin Luo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Mei Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Ren Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
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28
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Costa FR, Rech R, Duke SO, Carvalho LB. Lack of effects of glyphosate and glufosinate on growth, mineral content, and yield of glyphosate- and glufosinate-resistant maize. GM CROPS & FOOD 2018; 9:189-198. [PMID: 30325277 PMCID: PMC6343527 DOI: 10.1080/21645698.2018.1511204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Whether herbicides used in transgenic, herbicide-resistant crops have negative effects on those crops has been controversial. Most all of the data on this topic has been on glyphosate-resistant (GR) soybean, with little information available on GR and glufosinate-resistant (GluR) maize. A GR plus GluR maize variety was evaluated in the greenhouse and the field for effects of glyphosate and glufosinate on growth, mineral content, and yield. Treatments were: 1) a herbicide-free control; 2) 980 g acid equivalent (a.e.) ha-1 glyphosate at 21 days after emergence (DAE); 3) 600 g active ingredient (a.i.) ha-1 glufosinate at 21 DAE; 4) sequential applications of glyphosate at 520 and 980 g a.e. ha-1 at 14 and 28 DAE, respectively; 5) sequential applications of glufosinate at 300 and 300 g a.i. ha-1 at 14 and 28 DAE, respectively; and 6) sequential application of glyphosate (980 g a.e. ha-1) and glufosinate (600 g a.i. ha-1) at 14 and 28 DAE, respectively. None of the herbicide treatments affected plant growth, yield, or content of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Mn, Fe, Cu, or Zn in the greenhouse or field. In grain of field-grown plants, no glufosinate was found and glyphosate (0.12 ng g-1) was only found in the sequential glyphosate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia R. Costa
- Center of Agroveterinary Sciences, Plant Production Postgraduate Program, Santa Catarina State University, Lages, SC, Brazil
| | - Rafael Rech
- Center of Agroveterinary Sciences, Plant Production Postgraduate Program, Santa Catarina State University, Lages, SC, Brazil
| | - Stephen O. Duke
- Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, University, MS, USA
| | - Leonardo B. Carvalho
- School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Department of Plant Protection, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
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29
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Reddy KN, Cizdziel JV, Williams MM, Maul JE, Rimando AM, Duke SO. Glyphosate Resistance Technology Has Minimal or No Effect on Maize Mineral Content and Yield. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:10139-10146. [PMID: 30203974 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Controversy continues to exist regarding whether the transgene for glyphosate resistance (GR) and/or glyphosate applied to GR crops adversely affect plant mineral content. Field studies were conducted in 2013 and 2014 in Stoneville, MS and Urbana, IL to examine this issue in maize. At each location, the experiment was conducted in fields with no history of glyphosate application and fields with several years of glyphosate use preceding the study. Neither glyphosate nor the GR transgene affected yield or mineral content of leaves or seed, except for occasional (<5%) significant effects that were inconsistent across minerals, treatments, and environments. Glyphosate and AMPA (aminomethylphosphonic acid), a main degradation product of glyphosate, were found in leaves from treated plants, but little or no glyphosate and no AMPA was found in maize seeds. These results show that the GR transgene and glyphosate application, whether used for a single year or several years, have no deleterious effect on mineral nutrition or yield of GR maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna N Reddy
- Crop Production Systems Research Unit, USDA-ARS , P.O. Box 350, Stoneville , Mississippi 38776 , United States
| | - James V Cizdziel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Mississippi , 222 Coulter Hall , University , Mississippi 38677 , United States
| | - Martin M Williams
- Global Change and Photosynthesis Research unit , USDA-ARS, 1102 S. Goodwin Avenue , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Jude E Maul
- Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, USDA-ARS , 10300 Baltimore Avenue , Beltsville , Maryland 20705 , United States
| | - Agnes M Rimando
- Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, USDA-ARS , P.O. Box 1848, University , Mississippi 38677 , United States
| | - Stephen O Duke
- Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, USDA-ARS , P.O. Box 1848, University , Mississippi 38677 , United States
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30
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Schlatter DC, Yin C, Burke I, Hulbert S, Paulitz T. Location, Root Proximity, and Glyphosate-Use History Modulate the Effects of Glyphosate on Fungal Community Networks of Wheat. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2018; 76:240-257. [PMID: 29218372 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-017-1113-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is the most-used herbicide worldwide and an essential tool for weed control in no-till cropping systems. However, concerns have been raised regarding the long-term effects of glyphosate on soil microbial communities. We examined the impact of repeated glyphosate application on bulk and rhizosphere soil fungal communities of wheat grown in four soils representative of the dryland wheat production region of Eastern Washington, USA. Further, using soils from paired fields, we contrasted the response of fungal communities that had a long history of glyphosate exposure and those that had no known exposure. Soil fungal communities were characterized after three cycles of wheat growth in the greenhouse followed by termination with glyphosate or manual clipping of plants. We found that cropping system, location, year, and root proximity were the primary drivers of fungal community compositions, and that glyphosate had only small impacts on fungal community composition or diversity. However, the taxa that responded to glyphosate applications differed between rhizosphere and bulk soil and between cropping systems. Further, a greater number of fungal OTUs responded to glyphosate in soils with a long history of glyphosate use. Finally, fungal co-occurrence patterns, but not co-occurrence network characteristics, differed substantially between glyphosate-treated and non-treated communities. Results suggest that most fungi influenced by glyphosate are saprophytes that likely feed on dying roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Schlatter
- USDA-ARS, Wheat Health, Genetics and Quality Research Unit, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-6430, USA
| | - Chuntao Yin
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-6430, USA
| | - Ian Burke
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-6420, USA
| | - Scot Hulbert
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-6430, USA
| | - Timothy Paulitz
- USDA-ARS, Wheat Health, Genetics and Quality Research Unit, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-6430, USA.
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31
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Vörös M, Manczinger L, Kredics L, Szekeres A, Shine K, Alharbi NS, Khaled JM, Vágvölgyi C. Influence of agro-environmental pollutants on a biocontrol strain of Bacillus velezensis. Microbiologyopen 2018; 8:e00660. [PMID: 29938920 PMCID: PMC6436430 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal- and pesticide-tolerant biocontrol agents are preferred in integrated pest management, as such strains can be applied in combination with different pesticides. The Bacillus velezensis strain SZMC 6161J proved to be sensitive to copper, nickel, zinc, and cadmium, while manganese elevated its growth. At concentrations higher than 1 mmol L-1 , zinc and iron inhibited the chymotrypsin-like activity of this strain. In addition, trypsin-like protease and palmitoyl esterase activities were insensitive to all tested heavy metals in the applied concentration range. We studied the effects of some widely used herbicides and fungicides on the growth of this strain. The presence of sulfonylurea herbicides, like bensulfuron-methyl, cinosulfuron, chlorsulfuron, ethoxysulfuron, triasulfuron, and primisulfuron-methyl strongly inhibited the biomass production of the strain even at the concentration of 6.25 mg L-1 . Glyphosate also inhibited the growth above 30 mg L-1 . Similarly, contact fungicides like captan, maneb, mancozeb, and thiram resulted in total inhibition at the concentration as low as 6.25 mg L-1 . Interestingly, the sterol-biosynthesis-inhibiting fungicides imazalil, fenarimol, penconazole, and tebuconazole also proved to be potent inhibitors. Heavy metal- and fungicide-tolerant strains were isolated from the parental strain and their antagonistic abilities were evaluated. There was no substantial difference between the antagonism capability of wild-type strain and the resistant mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónika Vörös
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Manczinger
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Kredics
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - András Szekeres
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Kadaikunnan Shine
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naiyf S Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jamal M Khaled
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Csaba Vágvölgyi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Duke SO, Rimando AM, Reddy KN, Cizdziel JV, Bellaloui N, Shaw DR, Williams MM, Maul JE. Lack of transgene and glyphosate effects on yield, and mineral and amino acid content of glyphosate-resistant soybean. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2018; 74:1166-1173. [PMID: 28547884 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been controversy as to whether the glyphosate resistance gene and/or glyphosate applied to glyphosate-resistant (GR) soybean affect the content of cationic minerals (especially Mg, Mn and Fe), yield and amino acid content of GR soybean. A two-year field study (2013 and 2014) examined these questions at sites in Mississippi, USA. RESULTS There were no effects of glyphosate, the GR transgene or field crop history (for a field with both no history of glyphosate use versus one with a long history of glyphosate use) on grain yield. Furthermore, these factors had no consistent effects on measured mineral (Al, As, Ba, Cd, Ca, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, Ga, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Rb, Se, Sr, Tl, U, V, Zn) content of leaves or harvested seed. Effects on minerals were small and inconsistent between years, treatments and mineral, and appeared to be random false positives. No notable effects on free or protein amino acids of the seed were measured, although glyphosate and its degradation product, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), were found in the seed in concentrations consistent with previous studies. CONCLUSIONS Neither glyphosate nor the GR transgene affect the content of the minerals measured in leaves and seed, harvested seed amino acid composition, or yield of GR soybean. Furthermore, soils with a legacy of GR crops have no effects on these parameters in soybean. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen O Duke
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, University, MS, USA
| | - Agnes M Rimando
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, University, MS, USA
| | - Krishna N Reddy
- USDA-ARS, Crop Production Systems Research Unit, Stoneville, MS, USA
| | - James V Cizdziel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | | | - David R Shaw
- Research and Economic Development, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Martin M Williams
- USDA-ARS, Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jude E Maul
- USDA-ARS, Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA
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Van Bruggen AHC, He MM, Shin K, Mai V, Jeong KC, Finckh MR, Morris JG. Environmental and health effects of the herbicide glyphosate. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 616-617:255-268. [PMID: 29117584 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 387] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The herbicide glyphosate, N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine, has been used extensively in the past 40years, under the assumption that side effects were minimal. However, in recent years, concerns have increased worldwide about the potential wide ranging direct and indirect health effects of the large scale use of glyphosate. In 2015, the World Health Organization reclassified glyphosate as probably carcinogenic to humans. A detailed overview is given of the scientific literature on the movement and residues of glyphosate and its breakdown product aminomethyl phosphonic acid (AMPA) in soil and water, their toxicity to macro- and microorganisms, their effects on microbial compositions and potential indirect effects on plant, animal and human health. Although the acute toxic effects of glyphosate and AMPA on mammals are low, there are animal data raising the possibility of health effects associated with chronic, ultra-low doses related to accumulation of these compounds in the environment. Intensive glyphosate use has led to the selection of glyphosate-resistant weeds and microorganisms. Shifts in microbial compositions due to selective pressure by glyphosate may have contributed to the proliferation of plant and animal pathogens. Research on a link between glyphosate and antibiotic resistance is still scarce but we hypothesize that the selection pressure for glyphosate-resistance in bacteria could lead to shifts in microbiome composition and increases in antibiotic resistance to clinically important antimicrobial agents. We recommend interdisciplinary research on the associations between low level chronic glyphosate exposure, distortions in microbial communities, expansion of antibiotic resistance and the emergence of animal, human and plant diseases. Independent research is needed to revisit the tolerance thresholds for glyphosate residues in water, food and animal feed taking all possible health risks into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H C Van Bruggen
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Department of Plant Pathology, IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - M M He
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Department of Life and Environment Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang 310036, China
| | - K Shin
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Department of Plant Pathology, IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - V Mai
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - K C Jeong
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - M R Finckh
- Faculty of Organic Agricultural Sciences, Ecological Plant Protection, University of Kassel, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany
| | - J G Morris
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Nielsen LN, Roager HM, Casas ME, Frandsen HL, Gosewinkel U, Bester K, Licht TR, Hendriksen NB, Bahl MI. Glyphosate has limited short-term effects on commensal bacterial community composition in the gut environment due to sufficient aromatic amino acid levels. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 233:364-376. [PMID: 29096310 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Recently, concerns have been raised that residues of glyphosate-based herbicides may interfere with the homeostasis of the intestinal bacterial community and thereby affect the health of humans or animals. The biochemical pathway for aromatic amino acid synthesis (Shikimate pathway), which is specifically inhibited by glyphosate, is shared by plants and numerous bacterial species. Several in vitro studies have shown that various groups of intestinal bacteria may be differently affected by glyphosate. Here, we present results from an animal exposure trial combining deep 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the bacterial community with liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) based metabolic profiling of aromatic amino acids and their downstream metabolites. We found that glyphosate as well as the commercial formulation Glyfonova®450 PLUS administered at up to fifty times the established European Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI = 0.5 mg/kg body weight) had very limited effects on bacterial community composition in Sprague Dawley rats during a two-week exposure trial. The effect of glyphosate on prototrophic bacterial growth was highly dependent on the availability of aromatic amino acids, suggesting that the observed limited effect on bacterial composition was due to the presence of sufficient amounts of aromatic amino acids in the intestinal environment. A strong correlation was observed between intestinal concentrations of glyphosate and intestinal pH, which may partly be explained by an observed reduction in acetic acid produced by the gut bacteria. We conclude that sufficient intestinal levels of aromatic amino acids provided by the diet alleviates the need for bacterial synthesis of aromatic amino acids and thus prevents an antimicrobial effect of glyphosate in vivo. It is however possible that the situation is different in cases of human malnutrition or in production animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lene Nørby Nielsen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Henrik M Roager
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Henrik L Frandsen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ulrich Gosewinkel
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Kai Bester
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Tine Rask Licht
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Martin Iain Bahl
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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35
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Mertens M, Höss S, Neumann G, Afzal J, Reichenbecher W. Glyphosate, a chelating agent-relevant for ecological risk assessment? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:5298-5317. [PMID: 29294235 PMCID: PMC5823954 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-1080-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs), consisting of glyphosate and formulants, are the most frequently applied herbicides worldwide. The declared active ingredient glyphosate does not only inhibit the EPSPS but is also a chelating agent that binds macro- and micronutrients, essential for many plant processes and pathogen resistance. GBH treatment may thus impede uptake and availability of macro- and micronutrients in plants. The present study investigated whether this characteristic of glyphosate could contribute to adverse effects of GBH application in the environment and to human health. According to the results, it has not been fully elucidated whether the chelating activity of glyphosate contributes to the toxic effects on plants and potentially on plant-microorganism interactions, e.g., nitrogen fixation of leguminous plants. It is also still open whether the chelating property of glyphosate is involved in the toxic effects on organisms other than plants, described in many papers. By changing the availability of essential as well as toxic metals that are bound to soil particles, the herbicide might also impact soil life, although the occurrence of natural chelators with considerably higher chelating potentials makes an additional impact of glyphosate for most metals less likely. Further research should elucidate the role of glyphosate (and GBH) as a chelator, in particular, as this is a non-specific property potentially affecting many organisms and processes. In the process of reevaluation of glyphosate its chelating activity has hardly been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Mertens
- Institute for Biodiversity Network e.V. (ibn), Nußbergerstr. 6a, 93059, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Höss
- Institute for Biodiversity Network e.V. (ibn), Nußbergerstr. 6a, 93059, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Günter Neumann
- Institute of Crop Science (340h), University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Joshua Afzal
- Institute of Crop Science (340h), University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Wolfram Reichenbecher
- Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN), Konstantinstr. 110, 53179, Bonn, Germany
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36
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Dennis PG, Kukulies T, Forstner C, Orton TG, Pattison AB. The effects of glyphosate, glufosinate, paraquat and paraquat-diquat on soil microbial activity and bacterial, archaeal and nematode diversity. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2119. [PMID: 29391493 PMCID: PMC5794862 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20589-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of one-off applications of glyphosate, glufosinate, paraquat, and paraquat-diquat on soil microbial diversity and function. All herbicides were added to soil as pure compounds at recommended dose and were incubated under laboratory conditions for 60 days. High-throughput phylogenetic marker gene sequencing revealed that none of the herbicides significantly influenced the richness, evenness and composition of bacterial and archaeal communities. Likewise, the diversity, composition and size of nematode communities were not significantly influenced by any of the herbicides. From a functional perspective, herbicides did not significantly affect fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis (FDA) and beta-glucosidase activities. Furthermore, the ability of soil organisms to utilise 15 substrates was generally unaffected by herbicide application. The only exception to this was a temporary impairment in the ability of soil organisms to utilise three organic acids and an amino acid. Given the global and frequent use of these herbicides, it is important that future studies evaluate their potential impacts on microbial communities in a wider-range of soils and environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul G Dennis
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Tegan Kukulies
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Centre for Wet Tropics Agriculture, 24 Experimental Station Road, South Johnstone, QLD 4859, Australia
| | - Christian Forstner
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Thomas G Orton
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Anthony B Pattison
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Centre for Wet Tropics Agriculture, 24 Experimental Station Road, South Johnstone, QLD 4859, Australia
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37
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Martinez DA, Loening UE, Graham MC. Impacts of glyphosate-based herbicides on disease resistance and health of crops: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES EUROPE 2018; 30:2. [PMID: 29387519 PMCID: PMC5770481 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-018-0131-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Based on experimental data from laboratory and field, numerous authors have raised concern that exposure to glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) may pre-dispose crops to damage by microbial pathogens. In this review, we distinguish and evaluate two principal pathways by which GBHs may affect the susceptibility of crops to disease: pathway 1-via disruptions to rhizosphere microbial ecology, and pathway 2-via restriction of nutrients to crops. We conclude that GBHs have the potential to undermine crop health in a number of ways, including: (i) impairment of the innate physiological defences of glyphosate-sensitive (GS) cultivars by interruption of the shikimic acid pathway; (ii) impairment of physiological disease defences has also been shown to occur in some glyphosate-resistant (GR) cultivars, despite their engineered resistance to glyphosate's primary mode of action; (iii) interference with rhizosphere microbial ecology (in particular, GBHs have the potential to enhance the population and/or virulence of some phytopathogenic microbial species in the crop rhizosphere); and finally, (iv) the as yet incompletely elucidated reduction in the uptake and utilisation of nutrient metals by crops. Future progress will best be achieved when growers, regulators and industry collaborate to develop products, practices and policies that minimise the use of herbicides as far as possible and maximise their effectiveness when used, while facilitating optimised food production and security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy A. Martinez
- Formerly School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland UK
| | - Ulrich E. Loening
- Ormiston Hall, Formerly Centre for Human Ecology and Department of Zoology, University of Edinburgh, EH35 5NJ Edinburgh, Scotland UK
| | - Margaret C. Graham
- School of GeoSciences, Crew Building, The King’s Buildings, University of Edinburgh, Alexander Crum Brown Road, EH9 3JF Edinburgh, Scotland UK
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38
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Mbatyoti A, Daneel MS, Swart A, de Waele D, Fourie H. Terrestrial Non-Parasitic Nematode Assemblages associated With Glyphosate-tolerant and Conventional Soybean-Based Cropping Systems. J Nematol 2018; 50:243-260. [PMID: 30451412 DOI: 10.21307/jofnem-2018-028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Information about the effects of glyphosate on nematodes is limited and contradictory, while none existing for South African agricultural fields. The abundance and identity of non-parasitic nematodes in the rhizospheres of commercial glyphosate-tolerant and conventional (non-glyphosate-tolerant), soybean cultivars from cultivated fields, and adjacent natural vegetation (reference system) were obtained for two growing seasons. The impact of glyphosate was also investigated on non-parasitic nematodes in a 2-year soybean-maize cropping system. Thirty-two non-parasitic nematode genera were identified from soils of the three field ecosystems, with most of the genera occurring in natural vegetation (28), and less in conventional (23) and glyphosate-tolerant soybean (21). Bacterivores had the greatest diversity in soils of all three ecosystems during both seasons, while fungivores tended to be more abundant in glyphosate-tolerant soybean fields especially during the second season. Soils from the three ecosystems were disturbed and degraded with low abundance and diversity of omnivores and predators. Of the 14 genera identified from the soybean-maize cropping experiment, bacterivores dominated in terms of diversity in non-treated, and fungivores in glyphosate-treated plots. Soils from glyphosate-treated plots were degraded, less enriched and fungal-mediated, while those from non-treated plots were disturbed, enriched, and bacterial-mediated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhona Mbatyoti
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, Potchefstroom Campus, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa ; Agricultural Research Council-Tropical and Subtropical Crops, Nelspruit, South Africa
| | - Mieke Stefanie Daneel
- Agricultural Research Council-Tropical and Subtropical Crops, Nelspruit, South Africa
| | - Antoinette Swart
- Agricultural Research Council-Plant Health and Protection, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Dirk de Waele
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, Potchefstroom Campus, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa ; Laboratory of Tropical Crop Improvement, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Biosystems, University of Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hendrika Fourie
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, Potchefstroom Campus, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Impacts of Repeated Glyphosate Use on Wheat-Associated Bacteria Are Small and Depend on Glyphosate Use History. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017. [PMID: 28864656 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01354‐17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide worldwide and a critical tool for weed control in no-till cropping systems. However, there are concerns about the nontarget impacts of long-term glyphosate use on soil microbial communities. We investigated the impacts of repeated glyphosate treatments on bacterial communities in the soil and rhizosphere of wheat in soils with and without long-term history of glyphosate use. We cycled wheat in the greenhouse using soils from 4 paired fields under no-till (20+-year history of glyphosate) or no history of use. At each cycle, we terminated plants with glyphosate (2× the field rate) or by removing the crowns, and soil and rhizosphere bacterial communities were characterized. Location, cropping history, year, and proximity to the roots had much stronger effects on bacterial communities than did glyphosate, which only explained 2 to 5% of the variation. Less than 1% of all taxa were impacted by glyphosate, more in soils with a long history of use, and more increased than decreased in relative abundance. Glyphosate had minimal impacts on soil and rhizosphere bacteria of wheat, although dying roots after glyphosate application may provide a "greenbridge" favoring some copiotrophic taxa.IMPORTANCE Glyphosate (Roundup) is the most widely used herbicide in the world and the foundation of Roundup Ready soybeans, corn, and the no-till cropping system. However, there have been recent concerns about nontarget impacts of glyphosate on soil microbes. Using next-generation sequencing methods and glyphosate treatments of wheat plants, we described the bacterial communities in the soil and rhizosphere of wheat grown in Pacific Northwest soils across multiple years, different locations, and soils with different histories of glyphosate use. The effects of glyphosate were subtle and much less than those of drivers such as location and cropping systems. Only a small percentage of the bacterial groups were influenced by glyphosate, and most of those were stimulated, probably because of the dying roots. This study provides important information for the future of this important tool for no-till systems and the environmental benefits of reducing soil erosion and fossil fuel inputs.
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40
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Schlatter DC, Yin C, Hulbert S, Burke I, Paulitz T. Impacts of Repeated Glyphosate Use on Wheat-Associated Bacteria Are Small and Depend on Glyphosate Use History. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:e01354-17. [PMID: 28864656 PMCID: PMC5666137 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01354-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide worldwide and a critical tool for weed control in no-till cropping systems. However, there are concerns about the nontarget impacts of long-term glyphosate use on soil microbial communities. We investigated the impacts of repeated glyphosate treatments on bacterial communities in the soil and rhizosphere of wheat in soils with and without long-term history of glyphosate use. We cycled wheat in the greenhouse using soils from 4 paired fields under no-till (20+-year history of glyphosate) or no history of use. At each cycle, we terminated plants with glyphosate (2× the field rate) or by removing the crowns, and soil and rhizosphere bacterial communities were characterized. Location, cropping history, year, and proximity to the roots had much stronger effects on bacterial communities than did glyphosate, which only explained 2 to 5% of the variation. Less than 1% of all taxa were impacted by glyphosate, more in soils with a long history of use, and more increased than decreased in relative abundance. Glyphosate had minimal impacts on soil and rhizosphere bacteria of wheat, although dying roots after glyphosate application may provide a "greenbridge" favoring some copiotrophic taxa.IMPORTANCE Glyphosate (Roundup) is the most widely used herbicide in the world and the foundation of Roundup Ready soybeans, corn, and the no-till cropping system. However, there have been recent concerns about nontarget impacts of glyphosate on soil microbes. Using next-generation sequencing methods and glyphosate treatments of wheat plants, we described the bacterial communities in the soil and rhizosphere of wheat grown in Pacific Northwest soils across multiple years, different locations, and soils with different histories of glyphosate use. The effects of glyphosate were subtle and much less than those of drivers such as location and cropping systems. Only a small percentage of the bacterial groups were influenced by glyphosate, and most of those were stimulated, probably because of the dying roots. This study provides important information for the future of this important tool for no-till systems and the environmental benefits of reducing soil erosion and fossil fuel inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Schlatter
- USDA-ARS, Wheat Health, Genetics and Quality Research Unit, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Chuntao Yin
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Scot Hulbert
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Ian Burke
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Timothy Paulitz
- USDA-ARS, Wheat Health, Genetics and Quality Research Unit, Pullman, Washington, USA
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Almeida VESD, Friedrich K, Tygel AF, Melgarejo L, Carneiro FF. Use of genetically modified crops and pesticides in Brazil: growing hazards. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2017; 22:3333-3339. [DOI: 10.1590/1413-812320172210.17112017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract Genetically modified (GM) crops were officially authorized in Brazil in 2003. In this documentary study, we aimed to identify possible changes in the patterns of pesticide use after the adoption of this technology over a span of 13 years (2000 to 2012). The following variables were analyzed: Pesticide use (kg), Pesticide use per capita (kg/inhab), Pesticide and herbicide use per area (kg/ha) and productivity (kg/ha). Contrary to the initial expectations of decreasing pesticide use following the adoption of GM crops, overall pesticide use in Brazil increased 1.6-fold between the years 2000 and 2012. During the same period, pesticide use for soybean increased 3-fold. This study shows that the adoption of GM crops in Brazil has led to an increase in pesticide use with possible increases in environmental and human exposure and associated negative impacts.
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42
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Jenkins MB, Locke MA, Reddy KN, McChesney DS, Steinriede RW. Impact of glyphosate-resistant corn, glyphosate applications and tillage on soil nutrient ratios, exoenzyme activities and nutrient acquisition ratios. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2017; 73:78-86. [PMID: 27491933 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We report results of the last two years of a 7 year field experiment designed to test the null hypothesis: applications of glyphosate on glyphosate-resistant (GR) and non-resistant (non-GR) corn (Zea mays L.) under conventional tillage and no-till would have no effect on soil exoenzymes and microbial activity. RESULTS Bulk soil (BS) and rhizosphere soil (RS) macronutrient ratios were not affected by either GR or non-GR corn, or glyphosate applications. Differences observed between exoenzyme activities were associated with tillage rather than glyphosate applications. In 2013, nutrient acquisition ratios for bulk and rhizosphere soils indicated P limitations, but sufficient assimilable N. In 2014, P limitations were observed for bulk and rhizosphere soils, in contrast to balanced C and N acquisition ratios in rhizosphere soils. Stoichiometric relationships indicated few differences between glyphosate and non-glyphosate treatments. Negative correlations between C:P and N:P nutrient ratios and nutrient acquisition ratios underscored the inverse relation between soil nutrient status and microbial community exoenzyme activities. CONCLUSIONS Inconsistent relationships between microbial community metabolic activity and exoenzyme activity indicated an ephemeral effect of glyphosate on BS exoenzyme activity. Except for ephemeral effects, glyphosate applications appeared not to affect the function of the BS and RS exoenzymes under conventional tillage or no-till. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Jenkins
- National Sedimentation Laboratory, Water Quality and Ecology Research Unit, USDA - Agriculture Research Service, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Martin A Locke
- National Sedimentation Laboratory, Water Quality and Ecology Research Unit, USDA - Agriculture Research Service, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Krishna N Reddy
- Crop Production Systems Research Unit, USDA - Agriculture Research Service, Stoneville, MS, USA
| | - Daniel S McChesney
- National Sedimentation Laboratory, Water Quality and Ecology Research Unit, USDA - Agriculture Research Service, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - R Wade Steinriede
- National Sedimentation Laboratory, Water Quality and Ecology Research Unit, USDA - Agriculture Research Service, Oxford, MS, USA
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Moreno B, Benitez E. Impact of agricultural management on bacterial laccase-encoding genes with possible implications for soil carbon storage in semi-arid Mediterranean olive farming. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2257. [PMID: 27547563 PMCID: PMC4963216 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In this work, we aimed to gain insights into the contribution of soil bacteria to carbon sequestration in Mediterranean habitats. In particular, we aimed to use bacterial laccase-encoding genes as molecular markers for soil organic C cycling. Using rainfed olive farming as an experimental model, we determined the stability and accumulation levels of humic substances and applied these data to bacterial laccase-encoding gene expression and diversity in soils under four different agricultural management systems (bare soils under tillage/no tillage and vegetation cover under chemical/mechanical management). Materials and Methods: Humic C (> 104 Da) was subjected to isoelectric focusing. The GC-MS method was used to analyze aromatic hydrocarbons. Real-Time PCR quantification and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) for functional bacterial laccase-like multicopper oxidase (LMCO)-encoding genes and transcripts were also carried out. Results: Soils under spontaneous vegetation, eliminated in springtime using mechanical methods for more than 30 years, showed the highest humic acid levels as well as the largest bacterial population rich in laccase genes and transcripts. The structure of the bacterial community based on LMCO genes also pointed to phylogenetic differences between these soils due to the impact of different management systems. Soils where herbicides were used to eliminate spontaneous vegetation once a year and those where pre-emergence herbicides resulted in bare soils clustered together for DNA-based DGGE analysis, which indicated a certain amount of microbial selection due to the application of herbicides. When LMCO-encoding gene expression was studied, soils where cover vegetation was managed either with herbicides or with mechanical methods showed less than 10% similarity, suggesting that the type of weed management strategy used can impact weed community composition and consequently laccase substrates derived from vegetation decay. Conclusions: We suggest that the low humic acid content retrieved in the herbicide-treated soils was mainly related to the type (due to vegetal cover specialization) and smaller quantity (due to lower vegetal biomass levels) of phenolic substrates for laccase enzymes involved in humification processes. We also found that spontaneous vegetal cover managed using mechanical methods could be the best option for achieving C stabilization in rainfed Mediterranean agroecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Moreno
- Department of Environmental Protection, CSIC-Estacion Experimental del Zaidin (EEZ) , Granada , Spain
| | - Emilio Benitez
- Department of Environmental Protection, CSIC-Estacion Experimental del Zaidin (EEZ) , Granada , Spain
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Newman MM, Lorenz N, Hoilett N, Lee NR, Dick RP, Liles MR, Ramsier C, Kloepper JW. Changes in rhizosphere bacterial gene expression following glyphosate treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 553:32-41. [PMID: 26901800 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In commercial agriculture, populations and interactions of rhizosphere microflora are potentially affected by the use of specific agrichemicals, possibly by affecting gene expression in these organisms. To investigate this, we examined changes in bacterial gene expression within the rhizosphere of glyphosate-tolerant corn (Zea mays) and soybean (Glycine max) in response to long-term glyphosate (PowerMAX™, Monsanto Company, MO, USA) treatment. A long-term glyphosate application study was carried out using rhizoboxes under greenhouse conditions with soil previously having no history of glyphosate exposure. Rhizosphere soil was collected from the rhizoboxes after four growing periods. Soil microbial community composition was analyzed using microbial phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis. Total RNA was extracted from rhizosphere soil, and samples were analyzed using RNA-Seq analysis. A total of 20-28 million bacterial sequences were obtained for each sample. Transcript abundance was compared between control and glyphosate-treated samples using edgeR. Overall rhizosphere bacterial metatranscriptomes were dominated by transcripts related to RNA and carbohydrate metabolism. We identified 67 differentially expressed bacterial transcripts from the rhizosphere. Transcripts downregulated following glyphosate treatment involved carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, and upregulated transcripts involved protein metabolism and respiration. Additionally, bacterial transcripts involving nutrients, including iron, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, were also affected by long-term glyphosate application. Overall, most bacterial and all fungal PLFA biomarkers decreased after glyphosate treatment compared to the control. These results demonstrate that long-term glyphosate use can affect rhizosphere bacterial activities and potentially shift bacterial community composition favoring more glyphosate-tolerant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molli M Newman
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, CASIC Building, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Nicola Lorenz
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, 2021 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Nigel Hoilett
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Northwest Missouri State University, 800 University Drive, Maryville, MO 64468, USA
| | - Nathan R Lee
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, 2021 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Richard P Dick
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, 2021 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Mark R Liles
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, CASIC Building, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Cliff Ramsier
- Ag Spectrum, 428 East 11th Street, DeWitt, IA 52742, USA
| | - Joseph W Kloepper
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, CASIC Building, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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Zabaloy MC, Carné I, Viassolo R, Gómez MA, Gomez E. Soil ecotoxicity assessment of glyphosate use under field conditions: microbial activity and community structure of Eubacteria and ammonia-oxidising bacteria. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2016; 72:684-91. [PMID: 25960311 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A plot-scale experiment was conducted to assess the impact of field application rates of glyphosate on soil microbial communities by taking measurements of microbial activity (in terms of substrate-induced respiration and enzyme activity) in parallel with culture-independent approaches to assessing both bacterial abundance and diversity. Two rates of glyphosate, alone or in a mixture with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, were applied directly onto the soil surface, simulating normal use in chemical fallow in no-till systems. RESULTS No consistent rate-dependent responses were observed in the microbial activity parameters investigated in the field plots that were exposed to glyphosate. Denaturant gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of the overall bacterial community (Eubacteria) and ammonia-oxidising bacteria (AOB) revealed no effects of the high rate of glyphosate on the structure of the communities in comparison with the control. No treatment effects were observed on the abundance of Eubacteria shortly after treatment in 2010, while a small but significant difference between the high rate and the control was detected in the first sampling in 2011. The abundance of AOB was relatively low during the study, and treatment effects were undetectable. CONCLUSIONS The absence of negative effects on soil microbial communities in this study suggests that glyphosate use at recommended rates poses low risk to the microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- María C Zabaloy
- Microbial Ecology Laboratory, Departamento de Agronomía (UNS), Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida (CERZOS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Ignacio Carné
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, 2125, Zavalla, Argentina
| | - Rodrigo Viassolo
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, 2125, Zavalla, Argentina
| | - Marisa A Gómez
- Microbial Ecology Laboratory, Departamento de Agronomía (UNS), Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida (CERZOS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Elena Gomez
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, 2125, Zavalla, Argentina
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Newman MM, Hoilett N, Lorenz N, Dick RP, Liles MR, Ramsier C, Kloepper JW. Glyphosate effects on soil rhizosphere-associated bacterial communities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 543:155-160. [PMID: 26580738 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is one of the most widely used herbicides in agriculture with predictions that 1.35 million metric tons will be used annually by 2017. With the advent of glyphosate tolerant (GT) cropping more than 10 years ago, there is now concern for non-target effects on soil microbial communities that has potential to negatively affect soil functions, plant health, and crop productivity. Although extensive research has been done on short-term response to glyphosate, relatively little information is available on long-term effects. Therefore, the overall objective was to investigate shifts in the rhizosphere bacterial community following long-term glyphosate application on GT corn and soybean in the greenhouse. In this study, rhizosphere soil was sampled from rhizoboxes following 4 growth periods, and bacterial community composition was compared between glyphosate treated and untreated rhizospheres using next-generation barcoded sequencing. In the presence or absence of glyphosate, corn and soybean rhizospheres were dominated by members of the phyla Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Actinobacteria. Proteobacteria (particularly gammaproteobacteria) increased in relative abundance for both crops following glyphosate exposure, and the relative abundance of Acidobacteria decreased in response to glyphosate exposure. Given that some members of the Acidobacteria are involved in biogeochemical processes, a decrease in their abundance could lead to significant changes in nutrient status of the rhizosphere. Our results also highlight the need for applying culture-independent approaches in studying the effects of pesticides on the soil and rhizosphere microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molli M Newman
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, CASIC Building, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Nigel Hoilett
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Northwest Missouri State University, 800 University Drive, Maryville, MO 64468, USA
| | - Nicola Lorenz
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, 2021 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Richard P Dick
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, 2021 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Mark R Liles
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, CASIC Building, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Cliff Ramsier
- Ag Spectrum, 428 East 11th Street, DeWitt, IA 52742, USA
| | - Joseph W Kloepper
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, CASIC Building, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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Allegrini M, Zabaloy MC, Gómez EDV. Ecotoxicological assessment of soil microbial community tolerance to glyphosate. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 533:60-8. [PMID: 26150308 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.06.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is the most used herbicide worldwide. While contrasting results have been observed related with its impact on soil microbial communities, more studies are necessary to elucidate the potential effects of the herbicide. Differences in tolerance detected by Pollution Induced Community Tolerance (PICT) approach could reflect these effects. The objective of the present study was to assess the tolerance to glyphosate (the active ingredient and a commercial formulation) of contrasting soils with (H) and without (NH) history of exposure. The hypothesis of a higher tolerance in H soils due to a sustained selection pressure on community structure was tested through the PICT approach. Results indicated that tolerance to glyphosate is not consistent with previous history of exposure to the herbicide either for the active ingredient or for a commercial formulation. Soils of H and NH sites were also characterized in order to determine to what extent they differ in their functional diversity and structure of microbial communities. Denaturant Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) and Quantitative Real Time PCR (Q-PCR) indicated high similarity of Eubacteria profiles as well as no significant differences in abundance, respectively, between H and NH sites. Community level physiological profiling (CLPP) indicated some differences in respiration of specific sources but functional diversity was very similar as reflected by catabolic evenness (E). These results support PICT assay, which ideally requires soils with differences in their exposure to the contaminant but minor differences in other characteristics. This is, to our knowledge, the first report of PICT approach with glyphosate examining tolerance at soil microbial community level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Allegrini
- Laboratorio de Biodiversidad Vegetal y Microbiana, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Campo Experimental J. Villarino, 2125 Zavalla, Argentina.
| | - María Celina Zabaloy
- Centro de Estudios de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida (CERZOS-CONICET), Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur, San Andrés 800, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Elena del V Gómez
- Laboratorio de Biodiversidad Vegetal y Microbiana, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Campo Experimental J. Villarino, 2125 Zavalla, Argentina
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Guan ZJ, Zhang PF, Wei W, Mi XC, Kang DM, Liu B. Performance of hybrid progeny formed between genetically modified herbicide-tolerant soybean and its wild ancestor. AOB PLANTS 2015; 7:plv121. [PMID: 26507568 PMCID: PMC4670487 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plv121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Gene flow from genetically modified (GM) crops to wild relatives might affect the evolutionary dynamics of weedy populations and result in the persistence of escaped genes. To examine the effects of this gene flow, the growth of F1 hybrids that were formed by pollinating wild soybean (Glycine soja) with glyphosate-tolerant GM soybean (G. max) or its non-GM counterpart was examined in a greenhouse. The wild soybean was collected from two geographical populations in China. The performance of the wild soybean and the F2 hybrids was further explored in a field trial. Performance was measured by several vegetative and reproductive growth parameters, including the vegetative growth period, pod number, seed number, above-ground biomass and 100-seed weight. The pod setting percentage was very low in the hybrid plants. Genetically modified hybrid F1 plants had a significantly longer period of vegetative growth, higher biomass and lower 100-seed weight than the non-GM ones. The 100-seed weight of both F1 and F2 hybrids was significantly higher than that of wild soybean in both the greenhouse and the field trial. No difference in plant growth was found between GM and non-GM F2 hybrids in the field trial. The herbicide-resistant gene appeared not to adversely affect the growth of introgressed wild soybeans, suggesting that the escaped transgene could persist in nature in the absence of herbicide use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Jun Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China Department of Life Sciences, Yuncheng University, Yuncheng, Shanxi 044000, China
| | - Peng-Fei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Xiang-Cheng Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Ding-Ming Kang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Biao Liu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection of China, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, China
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49
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Gomes MP, Smedbol E, Chalifour A, Hénault-Ethier L, Labrecque M, Lepage L, Lucotte M, Juneau P. Alteration of plant physiology by glyphosate and its by-product aminomethylphosphonic acid: an overview. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:4691-703. [PMID: 25039071 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
It is generally claimed that glyphosate kills undesired plants by affecting the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) enzyme, disturbing the shikimate pathway. However, the mechanisms leading to plant death may also be related to secondary or indirect effects of glyphosate on plant physiology. Moreover, some plants can metabolize glyphosate to aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) or be exposed to AMPA from different environmental matrices. AMPA is a recognized phytotoxin, and its co-occurrence with glyphosate could modify the effects of glyphosate on plant physiology. The present review provides an overall picture of alterations of plant physiology caused by environmental exposure to glyphosate and its metabolite AMPA, and summarizes their effects on several physiological processes. It particularly focuses on photosynthesis, from photochemical events to C assimilation and translocation, as well as oxidative stress. The effects of glyphosate and AMPA on several plant physiological processes have been linked, with the aim of better understanding their phytotoxicity and glyphosate herbicidal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo P Gomes
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Département des sciences biologiques, Centre de recherche interinstitutionnel en toxicologie de l'environnement (TOXEN), Ecotoxicology of Aquatic Microorganisms Laboratory, Succ. Centre-Ville, H3C 3P8, Montréal, Québec, Canada Université du Québec à Montréal, Institut des Sciences de l'environnement, Succ. Centre-Ville, C.p. 8888, H3C 3P8, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Elise Smedbol
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Département des sciences biologiques, Centre de recherche interinstitutionnel en toxicologie de l'environnement (TOXEN), Ecotoxicology of Aquatic Microorganisms Laboratory, Succ. Centre-Ville, H3C 3P8, Montréal, Québec, Canada Université du Québec à Montréal, Institut des Sciences de l'environnement, Succ. Centre-Ville, C.p. 8888, H3C 3P8, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Annie Chalifour
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Département des sciences biologiques, Centre de recherche interinstitutionnel en toxicologie de l'environnement (TOXEN), Ecotoxicology of Aquatic Microorganisms Laboratory, Succ. Centre-Ville, H3C 3P8, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Louise Hénault-Ethier
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Institut des Sciences de l'environnement, Succ. Centre-Ville, C.p. 8888, H3C 3P8, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Michel Labrecque
- Université de Montréal, Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, 4101 Sherbrooke East, H1X 2B2, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Laurent Lepage
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Institut des Sciences de l'environnement, Succ. Centre-Ville, C.p. 8888, H3C 3P8, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marc Lucotte
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Institut des Sciences de l'environnement, Succ. Centre-Ville, C.p. 8888, H3C 3P8, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Philippe Juneau
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Département des sciences biologiques, Centre de recherche interinstitutionnel en toxicologie de l'environnement (TOXEN), Ecotoxicology of Aquatic Microorganisms Laboratory, Succ. Centre-Ville, H3C 3P8, Montréal, Québec, Canada Université du Québec à Montréal, Institut des Sciences de l'environnement, Succ. Centre-Ville, C.p. 8888, H3C 3P8, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Jacobsen CS, Hjelmsø MH. Agricultural soils, pesticides and microbial diversity. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2014; 27:15-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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