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Zhang Z, Wu H, Wang S, Li Y, Yang P, Xu L, Liu Y, Liu M. PRG ameliorates cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease mice by regulating β-amyloid and targeting the ERK pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 130:155671. [PMID: 38763005 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PRG is derived from Phellinus ribis and is a homogeneous polysaccharide with well-defined structural information. PRG was found to have significant in vitro neurotrophic and neuroprotective activities. Thus, PRG might be a potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease. However, the related mechanisms of action are still unclear, so deeper in vivo experimental validation and the potential mechanisms need to be investigated. PURPOSE The effects of PRG on AD mice were investigated using Senescence-accelerated SAMP8 mice as an AD model to elucidate the crucial molecular mechanisms. METHODS PRG was obtained from Phellinus ribis by water-alcohol precipitation, column chromatography, and ultrafiltration. The Morris water maze and novel object recognition behavioral assays were used to evaluate the effects of PRG in AD mice. Nissl staining, the TUNEL apoptosis assay, and Golgi staining were used to assess brain neuronal cell damage, apoptosis, and neuronal status. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence were used to explore the impacts of correlated factors and protein pathways under relevant mechanisms. RESULTS The findings suggest that PRG improved learning ability and spatial memory capacity in SAMP8 mice. PRG hastened the disintegration of β-amyloid, reduced the content and abnormal accumulation of the toxic Aβ1-42 protein, and decreased apoptosis. PRG activated the BDNF/ERK/CREB signaling pathway through a cascade, exerted neurotrophic effects, regulated cell proliferation and differentiation, increased neuronal dendritic branching and spine density, and improved synaptic plasticity. CONCLUSION PRG promoted β-amyloid degradation to reduce neuronal damage and apoptosis. It exerted neurotrophic effects by activating the BDNF/ERK/CREB pathway, promoting neuronal dendritic branching and dendritic spine growth, regulating cell proliferation and differentiation, and improving synaptic plasticity, which improved AD. Taken together, as a novel natural active polysaccharide with a well-defined structure, PRG affected AD symptoms in senescence-accelerated mice by interacting with multiple targets. The results indicate that PRG is a promising potential anti-AD drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Haoran Wu
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Pei Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Lingchuan Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Yuhong Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
| | - Maoxuan Liu
- Center for Protein and Cell-Based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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Shah MA, Faheem HI, Hamid A, Yousaf R, Haris M, Saleem U, Shah GM, Alhasani RH, Althobaiti NA, Alsharif I, Silva AS. The entrancing role of dietary polyphenols against the most frequent aging-associated diseases. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:235-274. [PMID: 37486109 DOI: 10.1002/med.21985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Aging, a fundamental physiological process influenced by innumerable biological and genetic pathways, is an important driving factor for several aging-associated disorders like diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. In the modern era, the several mechanisms associated with aging have been deeply studied. Treatment and therapeutics for age-related diseases have also made considerable advances; however, for the effective and long-lasting treatment, nutritional therapy particularly including dietary polyphenols from the natural origin are endorsed. These dietary polyphenols (e.g., apigenin, baicalin, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, kaempferol, quercetin, resveratrol, and theaflavin), and many other phytochemicals target certain molecular, genetic mechanisms. The most common pathways of age-associated diseases are mitogen-activated protein kinase, reactive oxygen species production, nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells signaling pathways, metal chelation, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and inflammation. Polyphenols slow down the course of aging and help in combatting age-linked disorders. This exemplified in the form of clinical trials on specific dietary polyphenols in various aging-associated diseases. With this context in mind, this review reveals the new insights to slow down the aging process, and consequently reduce some classic diseases associated with age such as aforementioned, and targeting age-associated diseases by the activities of dietary polyphenols of natural origin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hafiza Ishmal Faheem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Hamid
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rimsha Yousaf
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Haris
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiteit Gent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Uzma Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Mujtaba Shah
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Health and Biological Sciences, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Reem H Alhasani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah A Althobaiti
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities, Shaqra University, Al-Quwaiiyah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ifat Alsharif
- Department of Biology, Jamoum University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ana Sanches Silva
- National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P., Rua dos Lágidos, Lugar da Madalena, Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Polo III, Azinhaga de St Comba, Coimbra, Portugal
- Centre for Animal Science Studies (CECA), ICETA, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Ramezani M, Meymand AZ, Khodagholi F, Kamsorkh HM, Asadi E, Noori M, Rahimian K, Shahrbabaki AS, Talebi A, Parsaiyan H, Shiravand S, Darbandi N. A role for flavonoids in the prevention and/or treatment of cognitive dysfunction, learning, and memory deficits: a review of preclinical and clinical studies. Nutr Neurosci 2023; 26:156-172. [PMID: 35152858 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2022.2028058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Natural food substances, due to high rates of antioxidants, antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties, have been proposed to have the potential for the prevention or treatment of cognitive deficits, learning and memory deficits and neuro inflammation. In particular, medicinal plants with rich amounts of beneficial components such as flavonoids are one of the most promising therapeutic candidates for the cognitive deficit and memory loss. Herein, we aimed to review the impact of medicinal plants with focus on flavonoids on cognitive dysfunction, learning and memory loss by considering their signaling pathways. METHODS We extracted 93 preclinical and clinical studies related to the effects of flavonoids on learning and memory and cognition from published papers between 2000 and 2021 in the MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Library, SCOPUS, and Airiti Library databases. RESULTS In the preclinical studies, at least there seem to be two main neurological and biological processes in which flavonoids contribute to the improvement and/or prevention of learning, memory deficit and cognitive dysfunction: (1) Regulation of neurotransmission system and (2) Enhancement of neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity and neuronal survival. CONCLUSION Although useful effects of flavonoids on learning and memory in preclinical investigations have been approved, more clinical trials are required to find out whether flavonoids and/or other ingredients of plants have the potent to prevent or treat neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matin Ramezani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Arak University, Arak, Iran
| | | | - Fariba Khodagholi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ehsan Asadi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Noori
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Arak University, Arak, Iran
| | - Kimia Rahimian
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Aisa Talebi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanieh Parsaiyan
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Shiravand
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloufar Darbandi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Arak University, Arak, Iran
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Davinelli S, Medoro A, Ali S, Passarella D, Intrieri M, Scapagnini G. Dietary Flavonoids and Adult Neurogenesis: Potential Implications for Brain Aging. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:651-668. [PMID: 36321225 PMCID: PMC10207917 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666221031103909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis deficiency has been proposed to be a common hallmark in different age-related neurodegenerative diseases. The administration of flavonoids is currently reported as a potentially beneficial strategy for preventing brain aging alterations, including adult neurogenesis decline. Flavonoids are a class of plant-derived dietary polyphenols that have drawn attention for their neuroprotective and pro-cognitive effects. Although they undergo extensive metabolism and localize in the brain at low concentrations, flavonoids are now believed to improve cerebral vasculature and interact with signal transduction cascades involved in the regulation of adult neurogenesis. Furthermore, many dietary flavonoids have been shown to reduce oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, improving the neuronal microenvironment where adult neurogenesis occurs. The overall goal of this review is to summarize the evidence supporting the role of flavonoids in modulating adult neurogenesis as well as to highlight how these dietary agents may be promising candidates in restoring healthy brain function during physiological and pathological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Davinelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso 86100, Italy
| | - Alessandro Medoro
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso 86100, Italy
| | - Sawan Ali
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso 86100, Italy
| | - Daniela Passarella
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso 86100, Italy
| | - Mariano Intrieri
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso 86100, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scapagnini
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso 86100, Italy
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Kang J, Wang Z, Cremonini E, Le Gall G, Pontifex MG, Muller M, Vauzour D, Oteiza PI. (-)-Epicatechin mitigates anxiety-related behavior in a mouse model of high fat diet-induced obesity. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 110:109158. [PMID: 36150679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Mounting evidence demonstrates that consumption of high fat diet (HFD) and subsequent development of obesity leads to alterations in cognition and mood. While obesity can affect brain function, consumption of select dietary bioactives may help prevent obesity-related cognitive decline. This study investigated the capacity of the dietary flavonoid (-)-epicatechin (EC) to mitigate HFD-induced obesity-associated alterations in memory and mood. Healthy 8-week old male C57BL/6J mice were maintained on either a control diet (10 kCal% from fat) or a HFD (45 kCal% from fat) and were supplemented with EC at 2 or 20 mg/kg body weight (B.W.) for a 24 week period. Between week 20 and 22, anxiety-related behavior, recognition memory, and spatial memory were measured. Underlying mechanisms were assessed by measuring the expression of selected genes in the hippocampus and by 16S rRNA sequencing and metabolomic analysis of the gut microbiota. 24 weeks of HFD feeding resulted in obesity, which was not affected by EC supplementation. HFD-associated increase in anxiety-related behavior was mitigated by EC in a dose-response manner and was accompanied by increased hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), as well as partial or full restoration of glucocorticoid receptor, mineralocorticoid receptor and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) expression. Higher EC dosage (20 mg/kg B.W.) also restored aberrant Lactobacillus and Enterobacter abundance altered by HFD and/or the associated obesity. Together, these results demonstrate how EC mitigates anxiety-related behaviors, revealing a connection between BDNF- and glucocorticoids-mediated signaling. Our findings link changes in the hippocampus and the gut microbiota in a context of HFD-induced obesity and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiye Kang
- Department of Nutrition and Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Eleonora Cremonini
- Department of Nutrition and Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Gwenaelle Le Gall
- Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew G Pontifex
- Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Muller
- Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - David Vauzour
- Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia I Oteiza
- Department of Nutrition and Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, USA.
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From Cocoa to Chocolate: Effect of Processing on Flavanols and Methylxanthines and Their Mechanisms of Action. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214365. [PMID: 36430843 PMCID: PMC9698929 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the health benefits associated with the ingestion of the bioactive compounds in cocoa, the high concentrations of polyphenols and methylxanthines in the raw cocoa beans negatively influence the taste, confer the astringency and bitterness, and affect the stability and digestibility of the cocoa products. It is, therefore, necessary to process cocoa beans to develop the characteristic color, taste, and flavor, and reduce the astringency and bitterness, which are desirable in cocoa products. Processing, however, affects the composition and quantities of the bioactive compounds, resulting in the modification of the health-promoting properties of cocoa beans and chocolate. In this advanced review, we sought to better understand the effect of cocoa's transformational process into chocolate on polyphenols and methylxanthine and the mechanism of action of the original flavanols and methylxanthines. More data on the cocoa processing effect on cocoa bioactives are still needed for better understanding the effect of each processing step on the final polyphenolic and methylxanthine composition of chocolate and other cocoa products. Regarding the mechanisms of action, theobromine acts through the modulation of the fatty acid metabolism, mitochondrial function, and energy metabolism pathways, while flavanols mainly act though the protein kinases and antioxidant pathways. Both flavanols and theobromine seem to be involved in the nitric oxide and neurotrophin regulation.
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Understanding Acquired Brain Injury: A Review. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092167. [PMID: 36140268 PMCID: PMC9496189 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Any type of brain injury that transpires post-birth is referred to as Acquired Brain Injury (ABI). In general, ABI does not result from congenital disorders, degenerative diseases, or by brain trauma at birth. Although the human brain is protected from the external world by layers of tissues and bone, floating in nutrient-rich cerebrospinal fluid (CSF); it remains susceptible to harm and impairment. Brain damage resulting from ABI leads to changes in the normal neuronal tissue activity and/or structure in one or multiple areas of the brain, which can often affect normal brain functions. Impairment sustained from an ABI can last anywhere from days to a lifetime depending on the severity of the injury; however, many patients face trouble integrating themselves back into the community due to possible psychological and physiological outcomes. In this review, we discuss ABI pathologies, their types, and cellular mechanisms and summarize the therapeutic approaches for a better understanding of the subject and to create awareness among the public.
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Biswas M, Das A, Basu S. Flavonoids: The Innocuous Agents Offering Protection Against Alzheimer's Disease Through Modulation Of Proinflammatory And Apoptotic Pathways. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:769-789. [PMID: 35352661 DOI: 10.2174/1568026622666220330011645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beginning from mild cognitive impairment in patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease (AD), dementia sets in with the progress of the disease. The pathological changes in the brain begin fifteen to twenty years before AD related dementia develops. Presence of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are considered the hallmarks of AD brain. Chronic inflammation resulting from the disruption of equilibrium between anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory signalling emerges as another important feature of AD and also other neurodegenerative diseases. Substantial studies demonstrate that this sustained immune response in the brain is associated with neuronal loss, along with facilitation and aggravation of Aβ and NFT pathologies. Although it is well accepted that neuroinflammation and oxidative stress have both detrimental and beneficial influences on the brain tissues, the involvement of microglia and astrocytes in the onset and progress of the neurodegenerative process in AD is becoming increasingly recognized. The cause of neuronal loss, although, is known to be apoptosis, the mechanism of promotion of neuronal death remains undisclosed. OBJECTIVE Controlling the activation of the resident immune cells and/or the excessive production of pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant factors could be effective as therapeutics. Among the phytonutrients, the neuroprotective role of flavonoids is beyond doubt. This review is an exploration of literature on the role of flavonoids in these aspects. CONCLUSION Flavonoids are not only effective in ameliorating the adverse consequences of oxidative stress but also impede the development of late onset Alzheimer's disease by modulating affected signalling pathways and boosting signalling crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Biswas
- Department of Microbiology, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 7000019, West Bengal, India
| | - Aritrajoy Das
- Department of Microbiology, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 7000019, West Bengal, India
| | - Soumalee Basu
- Department of Microbiology, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 7000019, West Bengal, India
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A flavonoid, quercetin, is capable of enhancing long-term memory formation if encountered at different times in the learning, memory formation, and memory recall continuum. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2021; 208:253-265. [PMID: 34820709 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-021-01522-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A major extrinsic factor influencing memory and neuro-cognitive performances across taxa is diet. Studies from vertebrates have shown the effects of a flavonoid rich diet on cognitive performance, but the mechanism underlying this action is still poorly understood. A common and abundant flavonoid present in numerous food substances is quercetin (Q). The present study provides the first support for Q-modulated enhancement of cognitive function in an invertebrate model, the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis, after an operant conditioning procedure. We found that when snails were exposed to Q 3 h before or after a single 0.5 h training session, which typically results in memory lasting ~ 3 h, they formed a long-term memory (LTM) lasting for at least 24 h. Additionally, we assessed the effects of the combined presentation of a single reinforcing stimulus (at 24 h post-training or 24 h before training) and Q-exposure on both LTM formation and reconsolidation. That is, when applied within 3 h of critical periods of memory, Q regulates four different phases: (1) acquisition (i.e., a learning event), (2) consolidation processes after acquisition, (3) memory recall, and (4) memory reconsolidation. In all these phases Q-exposure enhanced LTM persistence.
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Ruan W, Shen S, Xu Y, Ran N, Zhang H. Mechanistic insights into procyanidins as therapies for Alzheimer's disease: A review. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Ochiishi T, Kaku M, Kajsongkram T, Thisayakorn K. Mulberry fruit extract alleviates the intracellular amyloid-β oligomer-induced cognitive disturbance and oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease model mice. Genes Cells 2021; 26:861-873. [PMID: 34387016 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers are key therapeutic targets because they are strongly cytotoxic and play crucial roles in the cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Anthocyanins, polyphenolic flavonoids with antioxidant and neuroprotective properties, are potential therapeutic candidates for AD. Here, we investigated the effects of anthocyanin-enriched extracts from fruits of mulberry (Morus alba Linn.) in Thailand against the neurotoxicity of Aβ oligomers. Using the monitoring system for Aβ aggregation, we showed that the extract induced the dissociation of Aβ in cultured HEK293T cells. To investigate the effects on cognitive function, we orally administered the extract to Aβ-GFP transgenic mice (Aβ-GFP Tg), a mouse model that expresses Aβ oligomers inside neurons, and performed the novel object recognition test and passive avoidance test. Aβ-GFP Tg usually showed deficits in novel object recognition memory and reference memory compared with non-Tg, but administration of the extract improved both compared with vehicle-treated Aβ-GFP Tg. Aβ-GFP Tg exhibited lower superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity than non-Tg. However, after the administration of the extract, the SOD activity was restored. These results suggest that Thai mulberry fruit extract ameliorates cytotoxicity induced by the intracellular Aβ oligomers and may be an effective therapeutic or preventive candidate for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyo Ochiishi
- Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute (BMRI), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masami Kaku
- Faculty of Health and Science, Uekusa Gakuen University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tanwarat Kajsongkram
- Expert Centre of Innovative Herbal Products (InnoHerb), Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR), Khlong Luang, Thailand
| | - Krittiya Thisayakorn
- Expert Centre of Innovative Herbal Products (InnoHerb), Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR), Khlong Luang, Thailand
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Oladele JO, Anyim JC, Oyeleke OM, Olowookere BD, Bamigboye MO, Oladele OT, Oladiji AT. Telfairia occidentalis mitigates dextran sodium sulfate-induced ulcerative colitis in rats via suppression of oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and inflammation. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13873. [PMID: 34331468 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC), a subcategory of inflammatory bowel diseases, affects more than 2 million people globally. This study sought to investigate the curative ability of aqueous leaf extract of Telfairia occidentalis (ATO) on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-mediated colitis in rats. UC was induced by 5% of DSS in drinking water, and the curative ability of ATO was assessed at 200 mg/kg by oral administration for 10 days. The effect of ATO was deduced on anti-inflammatory, preclinical features [disease activity index (DAI)], redox assays, and alterations both microscopic and macroscopic of the colonic mucosa. DSS mediated inflammation in colons of rats with a significant increase in nitric oxide, myeloperoxidase, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels compared with a control group. Lipid peroxidation was also induced following exposure of rats to DSS. There is a marked decrease in antioxidant enzymes activities in DSS group. However, treatment with ATO markedly inhibited the colonic inflammation by reversing the elevated levels of inflammatory markers. Furthermore, ATO suppressed the lipid peroxidation chain reaction by reducing the level of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide. ATO attenuates DSS-induced oxidative stress by increase the level of GSH and enhancing the activities of the cytoprotective enzymes (catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, and superoxide dismutase). Taken together, ATO reduced DAI score, inhibited inflammation, suppressed lipid peroxidation, attenuated oxidative stress, and enhanced the antioxidant enzymes activities. These therapeutic effects of ATO might be due to its phytochemicals as showed in gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy results. The findings of this study indicate that aqueous leaf extract of T. occidentalis has could be a drug candidate for the treatment of UC. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The study focused on the curative ability of aqueous leaf extract of Telfairia occidentalis on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) mediated colitis in rats. The extract elicits beneficial effects against colitis via its ability to reduce mucosal inflammation, suppress lipid peroxidation, attenuate oxidative stress, enhance the antioxidant enzymes activities, and reduce both infiltration of inflammatory cells and mucosal damage in colon. This study provides scientific evidence to the therapeutic ability of aqueous leaf extract of T. occidentalis in the treatment of DSS-induced ulcerative colitis and could be a drug candidate for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnson O Oladele
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, Kings University, Ode-Omu, Nigeria
| | - Joy C Anyim
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, Kings University, Ode-Omu, Nigeria
| | - Oyedotun M Oyeleke
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, Kings University, Ode-Omu, Nigeria
| | - Boyede D Olowookere
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, Kings University, Ode-Omu, Nigeria
| | - Mutiat O Bamigboye
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Chemistry Unit, Kings University, Ode-Omu, Nigeria
| | - Oluwaseun T Oladele
- Department of Biochemistry, Phytomedicine and Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratories, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria
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Hole KL, Staniaszek LE, Menon Balan G, Mason JM, Brown JT, Williams RJ. Oral (-)-Epicatechin Inhibits Progressive Tau Pathology in rTg4510 Mice Independent of Direct Actions at GSK3β. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:697319. [PMID: 34220446 PMCID: PMC8244787 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.697319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of the microtubule-associated protein tau into paired helical filaments (PHFs) and neurofibrillary tangles is a defining characteristic of Alzheimer’s Disease. Various plant polyphenols disrupt tau aggregation in vitro but display poor bioavailability and low potency, challenging their therapeutic translation. We previously reported that oral administration of the flavonoid (−)-epicatechin (EC) reduced Amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque pathology in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Here, we investigated whether EC impacts on tau pathology, independent of actions on Aβ, using rTg4510 mice expressing P301L mutant tau. 4 and 6.5 months old rTg4510 mice received EC (∼18 mg/day) or vehicle (ethanol) via drinking water for 21 days and the levels of total and phosphorylated tau were assessed. At 4 months, tau appeared as two bands of ∼55 kDa, phosphorylated at Ser262 and Ser396 and was unaffected by exposure to EC. At 6.5 months an additional higher molecular weight form of tau was detected at ∼64 kDa which was phosphorylated at Ser262, Ser396 and additionally at the AT8 sites, indicative of the presence of PHFs. EC consumption reduced the levels of the ∼64 kDa tau species and inhibited phosphorylation at Ser262 and AT8 phosphoepitopes. Regulation of the key tau kinase glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) by phosphorylation at Ser9 was not altered by exposure to EC in mice or primary neurons. Furthermore, EC did not significantly inhibit GSK3β activity at physiologically-relevant concentrations in a cell free assay. Therefore, a 21-day intervention with EC inhibits or reverses the development of tau pathology in rTg4510 mice independently of direct inhibition of GSK3β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katriona L Hole
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Lydia E Staniaszek
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Gayathri Menon Balan
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Jody M Mason
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Jon T Brown
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J Williams
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
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14
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Anwar HM, Georgy GS, Hamad SR, Badr WK, El Raey MA, Abdelfattah MAO, Wink M, Sobeh M. A Leaf Extract of Harrisonia abyssinica Ameliorates Neurobehavioral, Histological and Biochemical Changes in the Hippocampus of Rats with Aluminum Chloride-Induced Alzheimer's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060947. [PMID: 34208063 PMCID: PMC8230640 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) is an omnipresent mineral element in the environment. The brain is a central target of Al toxicity, being highly susceptible to oxidative damage. Therefore, recognition of drugs or natural products that guard against Al-mediated neuronal cell death is a powerful strategy for prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. This work aimed to explore the potential of a leaf extract from Harrisonia abyssinica to modulate the neurobehavioral, biochemical and histopathological activities induced experimentally by Al in vivo. Rats subjected to Al treatment displayed a reduction in learning and memory performance in a passive avoidance test accompanied by a decrease in the hippocampal monoamine and glutamate levels in addition to suppression of Bcl2 expression. Moreover, malondialdehyde (MDA), inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-1β), apoptotic markers (caspase-3 and expression of Bax) and extracellular regulated kinase (ERK1/2) levels were elevated along with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, histological changes and marked deposition of amyloid β plaques in the hippocampus region of the brain tissues being observed in Al-treated animals. Concomitant administration of the high dose of H. abyssinica (200 mg/kg b.w.) restored nearly normal levels of all parameters measured, rather than the low dose (100 mg/kg b.w.), an effect that was comparable to the reference drug (rivastigmine). Molecular docking revealed the appropriate potential of the extract components to block the active site of AChE and ERK2. In conclusion, H. abyssinica leaf extract conferred neuroprotection against Al-induced neurotoxic effects, most likely due to its high phenolic and flavonoid content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hend Mohamed Anwar
- Department of Biochemistry, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza 11221, Egypt;
| | - Gehan S. Georgy
- Department of Pharmacology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza 11221, Egypt;
| | - Sherin Ramadan Hamad
- Department of Histopathology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Cairo 11221, Egypt;
| | - Wafaa K. Badr
- Department of Medicinal Plants and Natural Products, National Organization of Drug Control and Research, Giza 11221, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed A. El Raey
- Phytochemistry and Plant Systematics Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | | | - Michael Wink
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 329, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Mansour Sobeh
- AgroBioSciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660–Hay MoulayRachid, Ben-Guerir 43150, Morocco
- Correspondence:
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15
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Arazi H, Eghbali E. Possible Effects of Beetroot Supplementation on Physical Performance Through Metabolic, Neuroendocrine, and Antioxidant Mechanisms: A Narrative Review of the Literature. Front Nutr 2021; 8:660150. [PMID: 34055855 PMCID: PMC8155490 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.660150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Athletes often seek to use dietary supplements to increase performance during exercise. Among various supplements, much attention has been paid to beetroot in recent years. Beetroot is a source of carbohydrates, fiber, protein, minerals, and vitamins; also, it is a natural source of nitrate and associated with improved sports performance. Nitrates can the modification of skeletal muscle contractile proteins or calcium handling after translation. The time to reach the peak plasma nitrate is between 1 and 3 h after consumption of a single dose of nitrate. Nitrate is metabolized by conversion to nitrite and subsequently nitric oxide. Beetroot can have various effects on athletic performance through nitric oxide. Nitric oxide is an intracellular and extracellular messenger for regulating certain cellular functions and causes vasodilation of blood vessels and increases blood flow. Nitric oxide seems to be effective in improving athletic performance by increasing oxygen, glucose, and other nutrients for better muscle fueling. Nitric oxide plays the main role in anabolic hormones, modulates the release of several neurotransmitters and the major mediators of stress involved in the acute hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal response to exercise. Beetroot is an important source of compounds such as ascorbic acid, carotenoids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, betaline, and highly active phenolics and has high antioxidant properties. Beetroot supplement provides an important source of dietary polyphenols and due to the many health benefits. Phytochemicals of Beetroot through signaling pathways inhibit inflammatory diseases. In this study, the mechanisms responsible for these effects were examined and the research in this regard was reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Arazi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ehsan Eghbali
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
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16
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Hole KL, Williams RJ. Flavonoids as an Intervention for Alzheimer's Disease: Progress and Hurdles Towards Defining a Mechanism of Action. Brain Plast 2021; 6:167-192. [PMID: 33782649 PMCID: PMC7990465 DOI: 10.3233/bpl-200098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Attempts to develop a disease modifying intervention for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) through targeting amyloid β (Aβ) have so far been unsuccessful. There is, therefore, a need for novel therapeutics against alternative targets coupled with approaches which may be suitable for early and sustained use likely required for AD prevention. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that flavonoids can act within processes and pathways relevant to AD, such as Aβ and tau pathology, increases in BDNF, inflammation, oxidative stress and neurogenesis. However, the therapeutic development of flavonoids has been hindered by an ongoing lack of clear mechanistic data that fully takes into consideration metabolism and bioavailability of flavonoids in vivo. With a focus on studies that incorporate these considerations into their experimental design, this review will evaluate the evidence for developing specific flavonoids as therapeutics for AD. Given the current lack of success of anti-Aβ targeting therapeutics, particular attention will be given to flavonoid-mediated regulation of tau phosphorylation and aggregation, where there is a comparable lack of study. Reflecting on this evidence, the obstacles that prevent therapeutic development of flavonoids will be examined. Finally, the significance of recent advances in flavonoid metabolomics, modifications and influence of the microbiome on the therapeutic capacity of flavonoids in AD are explored. By highlighting the potential of flavonoids to target multiple aspects of AD pathology, as well as considering the hurdles, this review aims to promote the efficient and effective identification of flavonoid-based approaches that have potential as therapeutic interventions for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katriona L Hole
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, UK
| | - Robert J Williams
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, UK
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17
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Potential Therapeutic Role of Phytochemicals to Mitigate Mitochondrial Dysfunctions in Alzheimer's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 10:antiox10010023. [PMID: 33379372 PMCID: PMC7823298 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a decline in cognitive function and neuronal damage. Although the precise pathobiology of AD remains elusive, accumulating evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the underlying causes of AD. Mutations in mitochondrial or nuclear DNA that encode mitochondrial components may cause mitochondrial dysfunction. In particular, the dysfunction of electron transport chain complexes, along with the interactions of mitochondrial pathological proteins are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in AD. Mitochondrial dysfunction causes an imbalance in the production of reactive oxygen species, leading to oxidative stress (OS) and vice versa. Neuroinflammation is another potential contributory factor that induces mitochondrial dysfunction. Phytochemicals or other natural compounds have the potential to scavenge oxygen free radicals and enhance cellular antioxidant defense systems, thereby protecting against OS-mediated cellular damage. Phytochemicals can also modulate other cellular processes, including autophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis. Therefore, pharmacological intervention via neuroprotective phytochemicals can be a potential strategy to combat mitochondrial dysfunction as well as AD. This review focuses on the role of phytochemicals in mitigating mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of AD.
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18
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Martín MA, Goya L, de Pascual-Teresa S. Effect of Cocoa and Cocoa Products on Cognitive Performance in Young Adults. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123691. [PMID: 33265948 PMCID: PMC7760676 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence support a beneficial role of cocoa and cocoa products on human cognition, particularly in aging populations and patients at risk. However, thorough reviews on the efficacy of cocoa on brain processes in young adults do not exist precisely due to the limited number of studies in the matter. Thus, the aim of this study was to summarize the findings on the acute and chronic effects of cocoa administration on cognitive functions and brain health in young adults. Web of Science and PubMed databases were used to search for relevant trials. Human randomized controlled studies were selected according to PRISMA guidelines. Eleven intervention studies that involved a total of 366 participants investigating the role of cocoa on cognitive performance in children and young adults (average age ≤ 25 years old) were finally selected. Findings from individual studies confirm that acute and chronic cocoa intake have a positive effect on several cognitive outcomes. After acute consumption, these beneficial effects seem to be accompanied with an increase in cerebral blood flow or cerebral blood oxygenation. After chronic intake of cocoa flavanols in young adults, a better cognitive performance was found together with increased levels of neurotrophins. This systematic review further supports the beneficial effect of cocoa flavanols on cognitive function and neuroplasticity and indicates that such benefits are possible in early adulthood.
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19
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Uddin MS, Al Mamun A, Kabir MT, Ahmad J, Jeandet P, Sarwar MS, Ashraf GM, Aleya L. Neuroprotective role of polyphenols against oxidative stress-mediated neurodegeneration. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 886:173412. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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20
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Mollazadeh H, Mohtashami E, Mousavi SH, Soukhtanloo M, Vahedi MM, Hosseini A, Afshari AR, Sahebkar A. Deciphering the Role of Glutamate Signaling in Glioblastoma Multiforme: Current Therapeutic Modalities and Future Directions. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:4777-4788. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200603132456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
As the most popular intrinsic neoplasm throughout the brain, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is resistant
to existing therapies. Due to its invasive nature, GBM shows a poor prognosis despite aggressive surgery
and chemoradiation. Therefore, identifying and understanding the critical molecules of GBM can help develop
new therapeutic strategies. Glutamatergic signaling dysfunction has been well documented in neurodegenerative
diseases as well as in GBM. Inhibition of glutamate receptor activation or extracellular glutamate release by specific
antagonists inhibits cell development, invasion, and migration and contributes to apoptosis and autophagy in
GBM cells. This review outlines the current knowledge of glutamate signaling involvement and current therapeutic
modalities for the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Mollazadeh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Elmira Mohtashami
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed H. Mousavi
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Soukhtanloo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad M. Vahedi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Azar Hosseini
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir R. Afshari
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
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21
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Sharma P, Kumar A, Singh D. Dietary Flavonoids Interaction with CREB-BDNF Pathway: An Unconventional Approach for Comprehensive Management of Epilepsy. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 17:1158-1175. [PMID: 31400269 PMCID: PMC7057203 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x17666190809165549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) is a key transcriptional regulator that regulates the transcription of genes related with neuronal differentiation, synaptic plasticity, learning and memory. Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), is a CREB dependent gene which plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of epilepsy and central comorbid conditions associated with epilepsy. However, the beneficial or detrimental consequences of CREB-BDNF activation on the induction and/or progression of seizures depend specifically on the region of brain involved and the time of activation. The bioactive molecules that alter the activity of CREB in a way to have specialized effects in different brain regions and neural circuits involved could potentially be utilized for therapeutic purposes. Flavonoids are the polyphenolic compounds which lead to phosphorylation of CREB in the hippocampus, followed by increase in extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) and BDNF. Several members of flavonoid family have also showed suppression of epileptic seizures via interaction with CREB/BDNF pathway. Moreover, epilepsy is often accompanied by a number of behavioural and psychological comorbid conditions that further gets aggravated by the use of conventional antiepileptic drug therapy. Multiple studies have also supported the beneficial effects of flavonoids in cognitive and memory impairments by upregulation of CREB-BDNF pathway. The current review is an attempt to collate the available preclinical and clinical studies to establish the therapeutic potential of various dietary flavonoids in comprehensive management of epilepsy with relation to CREB-BDNF pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Sharma
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-176061, Himachal Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Damanpreet Singh
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-176061, Himachal Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
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22
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Uddin MS, Kabir MT, Niaz K, Jeandet P, Clément C, Mathew B, Rauf A, Rengasamy KR, Sobarzo-Sánchez E, Ashraf GM, Aleya L. Molecular Insight into the Therapeutic Promise of Flavonoids against Alzheimer's Disease. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25061267. [PMID: 32168835 PMCID: PMC7143946 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the utmost chronic neurodegenerative disorders, which is characterized from a neuropathological point of view by the aggregates of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides that are deposited as senile plaques and tau proteins which form neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Even though advancement has been observed in order to understand AD pathogenesis, currently available therapeutic methods can only deliver modest symptomatic relief. Interestingly, naturally occurring dietary flavonoids have gained substantial attention due to their antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-amyloidogenic properties as alternative candidates for AD therapy. Experimental proof provides support to the idea that some flavonoids might protect AD by interfering with the production and aggregation of Aβ peptides and/or decreasing the aggregation of tau. Flavonoids have the ability to promote clearance of Aβ peptides and inhibit tau phosphorylation by the mTOR/autophagy signaling pathway. Moreover, due to their cholinesterase inhibitory potential, flavonoids can represent promising symptomatic anti-Alzheimer agents. Several processes have been suggested for the aptitude of flavonoids to slow down the advancement or to avert the onset of Alzheimer’s pathogenesis. To enhance cognitive performance and to prevent the onset and progress of AD, the interaction of flavonoids with various signaling pathways is proposed to exert their therapeutic potential. Therefore, this review elaborates on the probable therapeutic approaches of flavonoids aimed at averting or slowing the progression of the AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh
- Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
- Correspondence: or (M.S.U.); (P.J.); Tel.: +880-1710220110 (M.S.U.); +33-3-26913-341 (P.J.)
| | | | - Kamal Niaz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Bio-Sciences, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (CUVAS), Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Philippe Jeandet
- Research Unit, Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection, EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Faculty of Sciences, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, PO Box 1039, 51687 Reims CEDEX 2, France
- Correspondence: or (M.S.U.); (P.J.); Tel.: +880-1710220110 (M.S.U.); +33-3-26913-341 (P.J.)
| | - Christophe Clément
- Research Unit, Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection, EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Faculty of Sciences, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, PO Box 1039, 51687 Reims CEDEX 2, France
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Division of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Research Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ahalia School of Pharmacy, Palakkad, Kerala 678557, India
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Anbar 23561, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | | | - Eduardo Sobarzo-Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago 8330507, Chile
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environnement Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, F-25030 Besançon, France
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23
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Barrera-Reyes PK, de Lara JCF, González-Soto M, Tejero ME. Effects of Cocoa-Derived Polyphenols on Cognitive Function in Humans. Systematic Review and Analysis of Methodological Aspects. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 75:1-11. [PMID: 31933112 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-019-00779-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The effects of cocoa-derived polyphenols on cognitive functions have been analyzed through numerous studies using different interventions (doses, vehicles, time frame, cognition tests, and characteristics of participants) which may hamper the interpretation and comparison of findings across investigations. Thus, a systematic review was conducted to analyze the effects of cocoa-derived polyphenols intake on human cognition and discuss the methodological aspects that may contribute to the heterogeneity of findings. Randomized clinical trials evaluating the effect of cocoa polyphenols on cognitive function in healthy subjects were selected according to selection criteria. Twelve studies were selected. Quality was assessed according to the Cochrane risk for bias tool. The most common risk for bias was the lack of information about the sequence generation process. Effects on cognitive function were observed after consumption of 50 mg/day of (-)-epicatechin and in studies using a component-matched placebo and cocoa as the polyphenol vehicle given to healthy adults (18-50 years). Memory (n = 5) and executive function (n = 4) showed the most significant effects with medium and large effect sizes after intake of intermediate doses of cocoa flavanols (500-750 mg/day). Overall, this set of studies suggest a positive effect of cocoa polyphenols on memory and executive function. However, the available evidence is very diverse and future studies may address the identified sources of variation to strengthen current evidence on this promising field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma K Barrera-Reyes
- Laboratory of Nutrigenomics and Nutrigenetics, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Periférico Sur 4809, Col Arenal Tepepan, CP 016000, Ciudad de México, DF, Mexico
| | - Josué Cortés-Fernández de Lara
- Laboratory of Nutrigenomics and Nutrigenetics, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Periférico Sur 4809, Col Arenal Tepepan, CP 016000, Ciudad de México, DF, Mexico
| | - Melissa González-Soto
- Laboratory of Nutrigenomics and Nutrigenetics, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Periférico Sur 4809, Col Arenal Tepepan, CP 016000, Ciudad de México, DF, Mexico
| | - M Elizabeth Tejero
- Laboratory of Nutrigenomics and Nutrigenetics, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Periférico Sur 4809, Col Arenal Tepepan, CP 016000, Ciudad de México, DF, Mexico.
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24
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Qu Z, Liu A, Li P, Liu C, Xiao W, Huang J, Liu Z, Zhang S. Advances in physiological functions and mechanisms of (-)-epicatechin. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:211-233. [PMID: 32090598 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1723057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
(-)-Epicatechin (EC) is a flavanol easily obtained through the diet and is present in tea, cocoa, vegetables, fruits, and cereals. Recent studies have shown that EC protects human health and exhibits prominent anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, enhances muscle performance, improves symptoms of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, prevents diabetes, and protects the nervous system. With the development of modern medical and biotechnology research, the mechanisms of action associated with EC toward various chronic diseases are becoming more apparent, and the pharmacological development and utilization of EC has been increasingly clarified. Currently, there is no comprehensive systematic introduction to the effects of EC and its mechanisms of action. This review presents the latest research progress and the role of EC in the prevention and treatment of various chronic diseases and its protective health effects and provides a theoretical basis for future research on EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Qu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilisation of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ailing Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Penghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilisation of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Changwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilisation of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenjun Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilisation of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilisation of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilisation of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilisation of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Fourrier C, Kropp C, Aubert A, Sauvant J, Vaysse C, Chardigny JM, Layé S, Joffre C, Castanon N. Rapeseed oil fortified with micronutrients improves cognitive alterations associated with metabolic syndrome. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 84:23-35. [PMID: 31731013 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome represents a major risk factor for severe comorbidities such as cardiovascular diseases or diabetes. It is also associated with an increased prevalence of emotional and cognitive alterations that in turn aggravate the disease and related outcomes. Identifying therapeutic strategies able to improve those alterations is therefore a major socioeconomical and public health challenge. We previously reported that both hippocampal inflammatory processes and neuronal plasticity contribute to the development of emotional and cognitive alterations in db/db mice, an experimental model of metabolic syndrome that displays most of the classical features of the syndrome. In that context, nutritional interventions with known impact on those neurobiological processes appear as a promising alternative to limit the development of neurobiological comorbidities of metabolic syndrome. We therefore tested here whether n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) associated with a cocktail of antioxidants can protect against the development of behavioral alterations that accompany the metabolic syndrome. Thus, this study aimed: 1) to evaluate if a diet supplemented with the plant-derived n-3 PUFA α-linolenic acid (ALA) and antioxidants (provided by n-3 PUFAs-rich rapeseed oil fortified with a mix of naturally constituting antioxidant micronutrients, including coenzyme Q10, tocopherol, and the phenolic compound canolol) improved behavioral alterations in db/db mice, and 2) to decipher the biological mechanisms underlying this behavioral effect. Although the supplemented diet did not improve anxiety-like behavior and inflammatory abnormalities, it reversed hippocampus-dependent spatial memory deficits displayed by db/db mice in a water maze task. It concomitantly changed subunit composition of glutamatergic AMPA and NMDA receptors in the hippocampus that has been shown to modulate synaptic function related to spatial memory. These data suggest that changes in local neuronal plasticity may underlie cognitive improvements in db/db mice fed the supplemented diet. The current findings might therefore provide valuable data for introducing new nutritional strategies for the treatment of behavioral complications associated with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia Fourrier
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRA, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Camille Kropp
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRA, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Agnès Aubert
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRA, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Julie Sauvant
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRA, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Carole Vaysse
- ITERG, Institut des corps gras, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Jean-Michel Chardigny
- INRA, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Université Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Centre de Recherche INRA Bourgogne Franche Comté, 21065 Dijon, France
| | - Sophie Layé
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRA, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Corinne Joffre
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRA, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Nathalie Castanon
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRA, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
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Sharma G, Parihar A, Talaiya T, Dubey K, Porwal B, Parihar MS. Cognitive impairments in type 2 diabetes, risk factors and preventive strategies. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 31:/j/jbcpp.ahead-of-print/jbcpp-2019-0105/jbcpp-2019-0105.xml. [PMID: 31967962 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2019-0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a modifiable risk factor in progression of several diseases including dementia and type 2 diabetes. If cognitive impairments are not reversed at an early stage of appearance of symptoms, then the prolonged pathogenesis can lead to dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Therefore, it is necessary to detect the risk factors and mechanism of prevention of cognitive dysfunction at an early stage of disease. Poor lifestyle, age, hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, and inflammation are some of the major risk factors that contribute to cognitive and memory impairments in diabetic patients. Mild cognitive impairment was seen in those individuals of type 2 diabetes, who are on an unhealthy diet. Physical inactivity, frequent alcohol consumptions, and use of packed food products that provides an excess of cheap calories are found associated with cognitive impairment and depression in diabetic patients. Omega fatty acids (FAs) and polyphenol-rich foods, especially flavonoids, can reduce the bad effects of an unhealthy lifestyle; therefore, the consumption of omega FAs and flavonoids may be beneficial in maintaining normal cognitive function. These functional foods may improve cognitive functions by targeting many enzymes and molecules in cells chiefly through their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, or signaling actions. Here, we provide the current concepts on the risk factors of cognitive impairments in type 2 diabetes and the mechanism of prevention, using omega FAs and bioactive compounds obtained from fruits and vegetables. The knowledge derived from such studies may assist physicians in managing the health care of patients with cognitive difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Sharma
- School of Studies in Zoology and Biotechnology, Vikram University, Ujjain, MP, India
| | - Arti Parihar
- Department of Science, Bellingham Technical College, Bellingham, WA, USA
| | - Tanay Talaiya
- School of Studies in Zoology and Biotechnology, Vikram University, Ujjain, MP, India
| | - Kirti Dubey
- School of Studies in Zoology and Biotechnology, Vikram University, Ujjain, MP, India
| | - Bhagyesh Porwal
- School of Studies in Zoology and Biotechnology, Vikram University, Ujjain, MP, India
| | - Mordhwaj S Parihar
- School of Studies in Zoology and Biotechnology, Vikram University, Ujjain, MP, India, Phone: +91-734-2511317
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Khan H, Ullah H, Tundis R, Belwal T, Devkota HP, Daglia M, Cetin Z, Saygili EI, Campos MDG, Capanoglu E, Du M, Dar P, Xiao J. Dietary Flavonoids in the Management of Huntington’s Disease: Mechanism and Clinical Perspective. EFOOD 2020. [DOI: 10.2991/efood.k.200203.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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Silva MC, Sallum LO, Menezes ACS, Camargo AJ, Napolitano HB. A Comprehensive Topological Analysis of a Novel Flavonoid Extracted from Brazilian Cerrado Plants. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201903308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marianna C. Silva
- Grupo de Química Teórica e Estrutural de AnápolisUniversidade Estadual de Goiás, Anápolis, GO Brazil
| | - Lóide O. Sallum
- Grupo de Química Teórica e Estrutural de AnápolisUniversidade Estadual de Goiás, Anápolis, GO Brazil
| | - Antônio C. S. Menezes
- Grupo de Química Teórica e Estrutural de AnápolisUniversidade Estadual de Goiás, Anápolis, GO Brazil
| | - Ademir J. Camargo
- Grupo de Química Teórica e Estrutural de AnápolisUniversidade Estadual de Goiás, Anápolis, GO Brazil
| | - Hamilton B. Napolitano
- Grupo de Química Teórica e Estrutural de AnápolisUniversidade Estadual de Goiás, Anápolis, GO Brazil
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29
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Management of oxidative stress and other pathologies in Alzheimer’s disease. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:2491-2513. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02538-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Flanagan E, Müller M, Hornberger M, Vauzour D. Impact of Flavonoids on Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Age-Related Cognitive Decline and Neurodegeneration. Curr Nutr Rep 2019; 7:49-57. [PMID: 29892788 PMCID: PMC5960493 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-018-0226-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review This review summarises the most recent evidence regarding the effects of dietary flavonoids on age-related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases. Recent Findings Recent evidence indicates that plant-derived flavonoids may exert powerful actions on mammalian cognition and protect against the development of age-related cognitive decline and pathological neurodegeneration. The neuroprotective effects of flavonoids have been suggested to be due to interactions with the cellular and molecular architecture of brain regions responsible for memory. Summary Mechanisms for the beneficial effects of flavonoids on age-related cognitive decline and dementia are discussed, including modulating signalling pathways critical in controlling synaptic plasticity, reducing neuroinflammation, promoting vascular effects capable of stimulating new nerve cell growth in the hippocampus, bidirectional interactions with gut microbiota and attenuating the extracellular accumulation of pathological proteins. These processes are known to be important in maintaining optimal neuronal function and preventing age-related cognitive decline and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Flanagan
- Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Michael Müller
- Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Michael Hornberger
- Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - David Vauzour
- Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK.
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31
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Ayaz M, Sadiq A, Junaid M, Ullah F, Ovais M, Ullah I, Ahmed J, Shahid M. Flavonoids as Prospective Neuroprotectants and Their Therapeutic Propensity in Aging Associated Neurological Disorders. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:155. [PMID: 31293414 PMCID: PMC6606780 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern research has revealed that dietary consumption of flavonoids and flavonoids-rich foods significantly improve cognitive capabilities, inhibit or delay the senescence process and related neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The flavonoids rich foods such as green tea, cocoa, blue berry and other foods improve the various states of cognitive dysfunction, AD and dementia-like pathological alterations in different animal models. The mechanisms of flavonoids have been shown to be mediated through the inhibition of cholinesterases including acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), β-secretase (BACE1), free radicals and modulation of signaling pathways, that are implicated in cognitive and neuroprotective functions. Flavonoids interact with various signaling protein pathways like ERK and PI3-kinase/Akt and modulate their actions, thereby leading to beneficial neuroprotective effects. Moreover, they enhance vascular blood flow and instigate neurogenesis particularly in the hippocampus. Flavonoids also hamper the progression of pathological symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases by inhibiting neuronal apoptosis induced by neurotoxic substances including free radicals and β-amyloid proteins (Aβ). All these protective mechanisms contribute to the maintenance of number, quality of neurons and their synaptic connectivity in the brain. Thus flavonoids can thwart the progression of age-related disorders and can be a potential source for the design and development of new drugs effective in cognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ayaz
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Sadiq
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Junaid
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan.,Department of Pharmacy, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Farhat Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ovais
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Ikram Ullah
- Suliman Bin Abdullah Aba-Alkhail Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jawad Ahmed
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences (IBMS), Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Pharmacy, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology (SUIT), Peshawar, Pakistan
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32
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Zhao S, Zhang L, Yang C, Li Z, Rong S. Procyanidins and Alzheimer’s Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:5556-5567. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1469-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Aniya Y. Development of bioresources in Okinawa: understanding the multiple targeted actions of antioxidant phytochemicals. J Toxicol Pathol 2018; 31:241-253. [PMID: 30393428 PMCID: PMC6206290 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2018-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In research to develop healthy foods or preventive medicines from edible and medicinal herbs in Okinawa, we focused on the antioxidant activities of those bioresources. We first confirmed that the herbal antioxidant activities of such herbs increased upon ultraviolet irradiation treatment. This observation explains the high antioxidant activity of Okinawan vegetables, which grow under exposure to stronger ultraviolet light compared with those in other prefectures in Japan. Antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, cancer preventive, and cardioprotective actions were clarified using herbal extracts, and quercetin, chlorogenic acid, and gallic acid derivatives were isolated as antioxidant components from the herbs. Dimerumic acid was also isolated from the mold Monascus anka. All these antioxidants showed strong radical scavenging activities in vitro and beneficial effects in animal models. However, the concentrations of these compounds used in vivo seemed to be too low to have a physiologically important antioxidant effect based on their radical scavenging activities in vitro. Therefore, I performed a literature survey of antioxidant activities in vivo. Accumulating evidence has emerged that antioxidant phytochemicals show not only radical scavenging activities in vitro but also pleiotropic actions in vivo. The multitargeted, beneficial effects of antioxidant phytochemicals can be rationally explained using the xenohormesis concept, in which phytochemicals are the products of plant evolutionary adaptation to stress in plants, and their ability to induce a stress-adaptive response has been evolutionarily conserved in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Aniya
- University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru-1, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
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34
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Kolaj I, Imindu Liyanage S, Weaver DF. Phenylpropanoids and Alzheimer's disease: A potential therapeutic platform. Neurochem Int 2018; 120:99-111. [PMID: 30098379 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by progressive dementia, neuroinflammation and the accumulation of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles and extracellular plaques. The etiology of AD is unclear, but is generally attributed to four leading hypotheses: (i) abnormal folding and aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ)/tau proteins (ii) activation of the innate immune system, (iii) mitochondrial dysfunction, and (iv) oxidative stress. To date, therapeutic strategies have largely focused on Aβ-centric targets; however, the repeated failure of clinical trials and the continued lack of a disease-modifying therapy demand novel, multifaceted approaches. Natural products are common molecular platforms in drug development; in AD, compounds from the plant phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway have yielded promising associations. Herein, we review developments in the pathogenesis of AD and the metabolism of phenylpropanoids in plants. We further discuss the role of these metabolites as relevant to the four leading mechanisms of AD pathogenesis, and observe multiple protective effects among phenylpropanoids against AD onset and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igri Kolaj
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Krembil Discovery Tower, 60 Leonard Avenue, 4KD-473, Toronto, ON, M5T 0S8, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St.George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | - S Imindu Liyanage
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Krembil Discovery Tower, 60 Leonard Avenue, 4KD-473, Toronto, ON, M5T 0S8, Canada.
| | - Donald F Weaver
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Krembil Discovery Tower, 60 Leonard Avenue, 4KD-473, Toronto, ON, M5T 0S8, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St.George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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The Impact of Epicatechin on Human Cognition: The Role of Cerebral Blood Flow. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10080986. [PMID: 30060538 PMCID: PMC6115745 DOI: 10.3390/nu10080986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epicatechin is a monomeric flavanol found in food sources such as tea, apples, berries and cocoa. A number of large-scale epidemiological studies have demonstrated an association between the consumption of these foods and cognitive function, as well as improved blood flow. The aim of this review is to summarise the evidence from intervention studies to clarify the effect of epicatechin on cognition and to consider the role of increased cerebral blood flow as a mechanism for any effects. The effects of epicatechin as consumed in cocoa are, therefore, reviewed here as this represents the only dietary source where it is purported to be the major active component. Our main findings are that a) the positive modulation of tasks that involve memory, executive function and processing speed in older adults; b) the cognitive benefits are more often shown in studies containing more than 50 mg epicatechin/day; and c) all studies with a duration of 28 days or longer in populations >50 years old demonstrate a cognitive improvement. However, as highlighted by this review, it is not currently possible to attribute effects solely to epicatechin without consideration of synergies. In order to overcome this issue, further studies examining the cognitive effects of epicatechin in isolation are required. The role of cerebral blood flow also requires further investigation through simultaneous measurement alongside cognitive function.
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36
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Epicatechin potentiation of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in INS-1 cells is not dependent on its antioxidant activity. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:893-902. [PMID: 29417944 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epicatechin (EC) is a monomeric flavan-3-ol. We have previously demonstrated that glucose-intolerant rats fed flavan-3-ols exhibit improved pancreatic islet function corresponding with an increase in circulating EC-derived metabolites. Thus, we speculate that EC may act as a cellular signaling molecule in vivo to modulate insulin secretion. In this study we further examined the effects of different concentrations of EC on H2O2 or hyperglycemia-induced ROS production, as well as on saturated fatty acid (SFA)-impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in INS-1 cell line in vitro. We showed that EC at a high concentration (30 μmol/L), but not a low concentration (0.3 μmol/L), significantly decreased H2O2 or hyperglycemia-induced ROS production in INS-1 cells. However, EC (0.3 μmol/L) significantly enhanced SFA-impaired GSIS in INS-1 cells. Addition of KN-93, a CaMKII inhibitor, blocked the effect of EC on insulin secretion and decreased CaMKII phosphorylation. Addition of GW1100, a GPR40 antagonist, significantly attenuated EC-enhanced GSIS, but only marginally affected CaMKII phosphorylation. These results demonstrate that EC at a physiological concentration promotes GSIS in SFA-impaired β-cells via activation of the CaMKII pathway and is consistent with its function as a GPR40 ligand. The findings support a role for EC as a cellular signaling molecule in vivo and further delineate the signaling pathways of EC in β-cells.
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Miquel S, Champ C, Day J, Aarts E, Bahr BA, Bakker M, Bánáti D, Calabrese V, Cederholm T, Cryan J, Dye L, Farrimond JA, Korosi A, Layé S, Maudsley S, Milenkovic D, Mohajeri MH, Sijben J, Solomon A, Spencer JPE, Thuret S, Vanden Berghe W, Vauzour D, Vellas B, Wesnes K, Willatts P, Wittenberg R, Geurts L. Poor cognitive ageing: Vulnerabilities, mechanisms and the impact of nutritional interventions. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 42:40-55. [PMID: 29248758 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ageing is a highly complex process marked by a temporal cascade of events, which promote alterations in the normal functioning of an individual organism. The triggers of normal brain ageing are not well understood, even less so the factors which initiate and steer the neuronal degeneration, which underpin disorders such as dementia. A wealth of data on how nutrients and diets may support cognitive function and preserve brain health are available, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying their biological action in both normal ageing, age-related cognitive decline, and in the development of neurodegenerative disorders have not been clearly elucidated. OBJECTIVES This review aims to summarise the current state of knowledge of vulnerabilities that predispose towards dysfunctional brain ageing, highlight potential protective mechanisms, and discuss dietary interventions that may be used as therapies. A special focus of this paper is on the impact of nutrition on neuroprotection and the underlying molecular mechanisms, and this focus reflects the discussions held during the 2nd workshop 'Nutrition for the Ageing Brain: Functional Aspects and Mechanisms' in Copenhagen in June 2016. The present review is the most recent in a series produced by the Nutrition and Mental Performance Task Force under the auspice of the International Life Sciences Institute Europe (ILSI Europe). CONCLUSION Coupling studies of cognitive ageing with studies investigating the effect of nutrition and dietary interventions as strategies targeting specific mechanisms, such as neurogenesis, protein clearance, inflammation, and non-coding and microRNAs is of high value. Future research on the impact of nutrition on cognitive ageing will need to adopt a longitudinal approach and multimodal nutritional interventions will likely need to be imposed in early-life to observe significant impact in older age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Miquel
- Mars-Wrigley, 1132 W. Blackhawk Street, Chicago, IL 60642, United States
| | - Claire Champ
- Human Appetite Research Unit, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Jon Day
- Cerebrus Associates Limited, The White House, 2 Meadrow, Godalming, Surrey, GU7 3HN, United Kingdom
| | - Esther Aarts
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Kapittelweg 29, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben A Bahr
- Biotechnology Research and Training Centre, University of North Carolina - Pembroke, United States
| | - Martijntje Bakker
- The Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development, Laan van Nieuw Oost-Indië 334, 2593 CE The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Diána Bánáti
- International Life Sciences Institute, Europe (ILSI Europe), Av E. Mounier 83, Box 6, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- University of Catania, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Biological Tower - Via Santa Sofia, 97, Catania, Italy
| | - Tommy Cederholm
- University of Uppsala, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, Klinisk nutrition och metabolism, Uppsala Science Park, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - John Cryan
- Anatomy & Neuroscience, University College Cork, 386 Western Gateway Building, Cork, Ireland
| | - Louise Dye
- Human Appetite Research Unit, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | | | - Aniko Korosi
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sophie Layé
- Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, INRA Bordeaux University, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux cedex, France
| | - Stuart Maudsley
- Department of Biomedical Research and VIB-UAntwerp Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp, Gebouw V, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Dragan Milenkovic
- INRA, Human Nutrition Unit, UCA, F-63003, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - M Hasan Mohajeri
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Wurmisweg 576, Kaiseraugst 4303, Switzerland
| | - John Sijben
- Nutricia Research, Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, PO Box 80141, 3508TC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alina Solomon
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Gävlegatan 16, SE-113 30 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jeremy P E Spencer
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AP, United Kingdom
| | - Sandrine Thuret
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, The Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute,125 Coldharbour Lane, SE5 9NU London, United Kingdom
| | - Wim Vanden Berghe
- PPES, Department Biomedical Sciences, University Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - David Vauzour
- University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Bruno Vellas
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, CHU Toulouse, Gerontopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Keith Wesnes
- Wesnes Cognition Limited, Little Paddock, Streatley on Thames, RG8 9RD, United Kingdom; Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia; Medicinal Plant Research Group, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Willatts
- School of Psychology, University of Dundee Nethergate, Dundee, DD1 4HN, United Kingdom
| | - Raphael Wittenberg
- London School of Economics and Political Science, Personal Social Services Research Unit, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lucie Geurts
- International Life Sciences Institute, Europe (ILSI Europe), Av E. Mounier 83, Box 6, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
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Chen SQ, Wang ZS, Ma YX, Zhang W, Lu JL, Liang YR, Zheng XQ. Neuroprotective Effects and Mechanisms of Tea Bioactive Components in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Molecules 2018; 23:E512. [PMID: 29495349 PMCID: PMC6017384 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As the population ages, neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) impose a heavy burden on society and families. The pathogeneses of PD and AD are complex. There are no radical cures for the diseases, and existing therapeutic agents for PD and AD have diverse side effects. Tea contains many bioactive components such as polyphenols, theanine, caffeine, and theaflavins. Some investigations of epidemiology have demonstrated that drinking tea can decrease the risk of PD and AD. Tea polyphenols can lower the morbidity of PD and AD by reducing oxidative stress and regulating signaling pathways and metal chelation. Theanine can inhibit the glutamate receptors and regulate the extracellular concentration of glutamine, presenting neuroprotective effects. Additionally, the neuroprotective mechanisms of caffeine and theaflavins may contribute to the ability to antagonize the adenosine receptor A2AR and the antioxidant properties, respectively. Thus, tea bioactive components might be useful for neuronal degeneration treatment in the future. In the present paper, the neuro protection and the mechanisms of tea and its bioactive components are reviewed. Moreover, the potential challenges and future work are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Qing Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Ze-Shi Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yi-Xiao Ma
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jian-Liang Lu
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yue-Rong Liang
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xin-Qiang Zheng
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Bala M, Gupta V, Prasad J. A standardized Hippophae extract (SBL-1) counters neuronal tissue injuries and changes in neurotransmitters: implications in radiation protection. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:1833-1842. [PMID: 28552029 PMCID: PMC6130468 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1331365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Effects of a radioprotective, standardized leaf extract (code SBL-1) from traditional medicinal plant, sea buckthorn [Hippophae rhamnoides L. (Elaeagnaceae)], on neurotransmitters and brain injuries in rats showing radiation-induced conditioned taste aversion (CTA), are not known. Understanding CTA in rats is important because its process is considered parallel to nausea and vomiting in humans. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the levels of neurotransmitters, antioxidant defences and histological changes in rats showing radiation CTA, and their modification by SBL-1. MATERIALS AND METHODS The inbred male Sprague-Dawley rats (age 65 days, weighing 190 ± 10 g) were used. Saccharin-preferring rats were selected using standard procedure and divided into groups. Group I (untreated control) was administered sterile water, group II was 60Co-γ-irradiated (2 Gy), and group III was administered SBL-1 before irradiation. Observations were recorded up to day 5. RESULTS Irradiation (2 Gy) caused (i) non-recoverable CTA (≥ 64.7 ± 5.0%); (ii) degenerative changes in cerebral cortex, amygdala and hippocampus; (iii) increases in brain dopamine (DA, 63.4%), norepinephrine (NE, 157%), epinephrine (E, 233%), plasma NE (103%) and E (160%); and (iv) decreases in brain superoxide dismutase (67%), catalase (60%) and glutathione (51%). SBL-1 treatment (12 mg/kg body weight) 30 min before irradiation (i) countered brain injuries, (ii) reduced CTA (38.7 ± 3.0%, day 1) and (iii) normalized brain DA, NE, E, superoxide dismutase, catalase and CTA from day 3 onwards. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Radiation CTA was coupled with brain injuries, disturbances in neurotransmitters and antioxidant defences. SBL-1 pretreatment countered these disturbances, indicating neuroprotective action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Bala
- Division of Radiation Biology, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig. S K Mazumdar Marg, Delhi, INDIA
| | - Vanita Gupta
- Division of Radiation Biology, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig. S K Mazumdar Marg, Delhi, INDIA
| | - Jagdish Prasad
- Division of Radiation Biology, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig. S K Mazumdar Marg, Delhi, INDIA
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Mechanisms of dietary flavonoid action in neuronal function and neuroinflammation. Mol Aspects Med 2017; 61:50-62. [PMID: 29117513 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are a class of plant-derived dietary polyphenols that have attracted attention for their pro-cognitive and anti-inflammatory effects. The diversity of flavonoids and their extensive in vivo metabolism suggest that a variety of cellular targets in the brain are likely to be impacted by flavonoid consumption. Initially characterized as antioxidants, flavonoids are now believed to act directly on neurons and glia via the interaction with major signal transduction cascades, as well as indirectly via interaction with the blood-brain barrier and cerebral vasculature. This review discusses potential mechanisms of flavonoid action in the brain, with a focus on two critical transcription factors: cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). To advance beyond current understanding of cellular targets, critical bioavailability studies need to be performed to verify the identity and concentration of flavonoid metabolites reaching the brain after ingestion and to validate that these metabolites are produced not just in rodent models but also in humans. Recent advances in human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) differentiation protocols to generate human neuronal and glial cell types could also provide a unique tool for clinically relevant in vitro investigation of the mechanisms of action of bioavailable flavonoid metabolites in humans.
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Suyama S, Ralevski A, Liu ZW, Dietrich MO, Yada T, Simonds SE, Cowley MA, Gao XB, Diano S, Horvath TL. Plasticity of calcium-permeable AMPA glutamate receptors in Pro-opiomelanocortin neurons. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28762946 PMCID: PMC5538821 DOI: 10.7554/elife.25755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
POMC neurons integrate metabolic signals from the periphery. Here, we show in mice that food deprivation induces a linear current-voltage relationship of AMPAR-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) in POMC neurons. Inhibition of EPSCs by IEM-1460, an antagonist of calcium-permeable (Cp) AMPARs, diminished EPSC amplitude in the fed but not in the fasted state, suggesting entry of GluR2 subunits into the AMPA receptor complex during food deprivation. Accordingly, removal of extracellular calcium from ACSF decreased the amplitude of mEPSCs in the fed but not the fasted state. Ten days of high-fat diet exposure, which was accompanied by elevated leptin levels and increased POMC neuronal activity, resulted in increased expression of Cp-AMPARs on POMC neurons. Altogether, our results show that entry of calcium via Cp-AMPARs is inherent to activation of POMC neurons, which may underlie a vulnerability of these neurons to calcium overload while activated in a sustained manner during over-nutrition. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.25755.001
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigetomo Suyama
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States.,Division of Integrative Physiology, Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Alexandra Ralevski
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Zhong-Wu Liu
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Marcelo O Dietrich
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Toshihiko Yada
- Division of Integrative Physiology, Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Stephanie E Simonds
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Michael A Cowley
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Xiao-Bing Gao
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Sabrina Diano
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States.,Departments of Ob/Gyn and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States.,Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States.,Departments of Ob/Gyn and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States.,Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States.,Department of Anatomy and Histology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
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Bakhtiari M, Panahi Y, Ameli J, Darvishi B. Protective effects of flavonoids against Alzheimer's disease-related neural dysfunctions. Biomed Pharmacother 2017. [PMID: 28641164 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Senile ages of human life is mostly associated with developmental of several neurological complicated conditions including decreased cognition and reasoning, increased memory loss and impaired language performance. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neural disorder associated with dementia, consisting of about 70% of dementia reported cases. Failure of currently approved chemical anti-AD therapeutic agents has once again brought up the idea of administering naturally occurring compounds as effective alternative and/or complementary regimens in AD treatment. Polyphenol structured neuroprotecting agents are group of biologically active compounds abundantly found in plants with significant protecting effects against neural injuries and degeneration. As a subclass of this family, Flavonoids are potent anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and signalling pathways modulatory agents. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways are both affected by Flavonoids. Regulation of pro-survival transcription factors and induction of specific genes expression in hippocampus are other important anti AD therapeutic activities of Flavonoids. These agents are also capable of inhibiting specific enzymes involved in phosphorylation of tau proteins including β-secretases, cyclin dependent kinase 5 and glycogen synthase. Other significant anti AD effects of Flavonoids include neural rehabilitation and lost cognitive performance recovery. In this review, first we briefly describe the pathophysiology and important pathways involved in pathology of AD and then describe the most important mechanisms through which Flavonoids demonstrate their significant neuroprotective effects in AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Bakhtiari
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Science Branch, Islamic Azad University, IAUPS, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yunes Panahi
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baghiatallah University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Ameli
- Department of Neurology, Baghiatallah University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behrad Darvishi
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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Esteban-Fernández A, Rendeiro C, Spencer JPE, Del Coso DG, de Llano MDG, Bartolomé B, Moreno-Arribas MV. Neuroprotective Effects of Selected Microbial-Derived Phenolic Metabolites and Aroma Compounds from Wine in Human SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells and Their Putative Mechanisms of Action. Front Nutr 2017; 4:3. [PMID: 28352628 PMCID: PMC5348642 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2017.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Moderate wine consumption has shown the potential to delay the onset of neurodegenerative diseases. This study investigates the molecular mechanisms underlying the protective effects of wine-derived phenolic and aroma compounds in a neuroinflammation model based on SIN-1 stress-induced injury in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Cell pretreatment with microbial metabolites found in blood after wine consumption, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic (3,4-DHPA), 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acids and salicylic β-d-O-glucuronide, at physiologically concentrations (0.1–10 μM) resulted in increased cell viability versus SIN-1 control group (p < 0.05). Results also showed significant decreases in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38 and ERK1/2 activation as well as in downstream pro-apoptotic caspase-3 activity by some of the studied compounds. Moreover, pretreatment with p38, MEK, and ERK1/2-specific inhibitors, which have a phenolic-like structure, also resulted in an increase on cell survival and a reduction on caspase-3 activity levels. Overall, these results contribute with new evidences related to the neuroprotective actions of wine, pointing out that wine-derived human metabolites and aroma compounds may be effective at protecting neuroblastoma cells from nitrosative stress injury by inhibiting neuronal MAPK p38 and ERK1/2, as well as downstream caspase 3 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Esteban-Fernández
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain; Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - C Rendeiro
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign , Champaign, IL , USA
| | - J P E Spencer
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading , Reading , UK
| | - D Gigorro Del Coso
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), CSIC-UAM , Madrid , Spain
| | - M D González de Llano
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), CSIC-UAM , Madrid , Spain
| | - B Bartolomé
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), CSIC-UAM , Madrid , Spain
| | - M V Moreno-Arribas
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), CSIC-UAM , Madrid , Spain
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Taiwe GS, Tchoya TB, Menanga JR, Dabole B, De Waard M. Anticonvulsant activity of an active fraction extracted from Crinum jagus L. (Amaryllidaceae), and its possible effects on fully kindled seizures, depression-like behaviour and oxidative stress in experimental rodent models. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 194:421-433. [PMID: 27725241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The leaf extract of Crinum jagus L. (Amaryllidaceae) is widely used in traditional Cameroonian medicine as antiepileptic remedy and for the treatment of convulsion, depression and mood disorders associated with epilepsy. AIM OF THE STUDY Hence, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of an active fraction extracted from the leaves of Crinum jagus against seizures, depression-like behaviour and oxidative stress in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced kindling in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bioactive-guided fractionation of the leaf extract of Crinum jagus by using 70mg/kg PTZ-induced convulsions in mice, afforded a potent anticonvulsant fraction (flavonol kaempferol; C4.4). The effects of C4.4 on 30mg/kg PTZ-induced kindling, kindling-induced depression like-behaviour and oxidative stress was evaluated. Mice were injected PTZ (30mg/kg, i.p.) once every alternate day (48±1h) until the development of kindling. Depression was assessed using tail suspension test and forced swim test while the oxidative stress parameters were estimated in the whole brain at the end of experiments. Mice were submitted to the rota-rod task and open-field test in order to assess any non-specific muscle-relaxant or sedative effects of C4.4. Acute toxicity of C4.4 was also assessed in mice. RESULTS Convulsions-induced by 70mg/kg PTZ were strongly antagonized by C4.4. Oral administration of C4.4 significantly increased the latency to myoclonic jerks, clonic seizures as well as generalized tonic-clonic seizures, improved the seizure mean stage and decreased the number of myoclonic jerks in PTZ-kindled mice. The data indicated also that C4.4 significantly reduced the immobility times in the tail suspension test and the forced swim test. This active fraction has also antioxidant properties by decreasing the lipid peroxidation, and augmenting endogenous antioxidant enzymes in brain. C4.4 administered (12.5-50mg/kg) did not alter the locomotion of animals in the open-field or rotarod tests, which suggest a lack of a central depressant effect. The animals did not exhibit any acute toxicity to C4.4 at the therapeutic doses. CONCLUSION These results suggest that pretreatment with C4.4 ameliorates convulsions-induced by PTZ, protects mice against kindling development, depression-like behaviour and oxidative stress in PTZ-kindled mice. These finding provides scientific rationale for the use of Crinum jagus extracts for the amelioration of epilepsy observed in traditional medicine in Cameroon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germain Sotoing Taiwe
- Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea , Cameroon.
| | - Thierry Bang Tchoya
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Joseph Renaud Menanga
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Bernard Dabole
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, Maroua, Cameroon
| | - Michel De Waard
- Institut du Thorax, Inserm UMR 1087/CNRS UMR 6291, Nante, France; University of Nante, Nante, France; Smartox Biotechnology, Saint Martin d'Hères, France
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D'Abrosca B, Scognamiglio M, Corrado L, Chiocchio I, Zampella L, Mastrobuoni F, Rega P, Scortichini M, Fiorentino A, Petriccione M. Evaluation of different training systems on Annurca apple fruits revealed by agronomical, qualitative and NMR-based metabolomic approaches. Food Chem 2016; 222:18-27. [PMID: 28041554 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.11.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Nine different training systems for "Annurca Rossa del Sud" apple fruits, including oblique palmette, free palmette, V-shaped, Tatura trellis, Bibaum®, modified Bibaum®, triple leader, slender spindle and Solaxe, were evaluated based on agronomic, qualitative and metabolomic traits. Fruits were analysed at harvest and after the reddening process. The slender spindle training system showed the highest cumulative efficiency yield compared to the others. Furthermore, an increase in the content of bioactive compounds in flesh and fruit peels was observed after the reddening process and was influenced by the different training systems. The metabolic variations in apple peel were measured and analysed. Changes in the metabolome highlight the influence of different training systems on apple quality. This multidisciplinary study expands our knowledge of the influence of training systems on a typical Italian apple cultivar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigida D'Abrosca
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy.
| | - Monica Scognamiglio
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Luisa Corrado
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA), Unità di ricerca per la Frutticoltura, Via Torrino 3, I-81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Ilaria Chiocchio
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Luigi Zampella
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA), Unità di ricerca per la Frutticoltura, Via Torrino 3, I-81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Francesco Mastrobuoni
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA), Unità di ricerca per la Frutticoltura, Via Torrino 3, I-81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Pietro Rega
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA), Unità di ricerca per la Frutticoltura, Via Torrino 3, I-81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Marco Scortichini
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA), Unità di ricerca per la Frutticoltura, Via Torrino 3, I-81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Antonio Fiorentino
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Milena Petriccione
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA), Unità di ricerca per la Frutticoltura, Via Torrino 3, I-81100 Caserta, Italy.
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Neshatdoust S, Saunders C, Castle SM, Vauzour D, Williams C, Butler L, Lovegrove JA, Spencer JPE. High-flavonoid intake induces cognitive improvements linked to changes in serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor: Two randomised, controlled trials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 4:81-93. [PMID: 28035345 PMCID: PMC5166520 DOI: 10.3233/nha-1615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Recent clinical studies have indicated the beneficial impact of dietary flavonoid intake on human cognitive performance. Although the mechanisms that mediate such improvements are currently unclear, animal and human trial data suggest that changes in neurotrophin expression, and related signalling apparatus, may be involved. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the link between changes in serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and changes in human cognitive performance following flavonoid intake. METHODS: The relationship between serum levels of BDNF and age, gender, BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure and cognition at baseline, and following flavonoid intake, was investigated in two distinct randomised, controlled clinical trials. Trial 1 was conducted in men and women (aged 26–70 y; consuming an average of 3 portions of fruit and vegetables per day) and delivered high-flavonoid (>15 mg/100 g) or low-flavonoid (<5 mg/100 g) fruit and vegetables and increased intake by 2 portions every 6 weeks. The control arm was habitual diet over the same time frame. Trial 2 was conducted in an older males and female cohort (aged 62–75 y) intervening with a high-flavanol cocoa drink (494 mg total flavanols) and a low-flavanol cocoa drink (23 mg total flavanols) for 12 weeks. RESULTS: Serum BDNF levels increased linearly to the age of 65, after which BDNF levels were found to decrease markedly. All other physiological and anthropometric measurements proved to not be significantly associated with serum BDNF levels (p > 0.05), although higher levels in males compared to females almost achieved significance (p = 0.056). At baseline, higher serum BDNF levels were associated with significantly better global cognition scores, relative to individuals with lower serum levels. In addition, following intervention for 18 weeks, high-flavonoid, but not low-flavonoid, fruit and vegetable intake induced significant improvements in cognitive performance and increases in serum BDNF levels (p = <0.001). Flavanol intervention for 12 weeks also resulted in significant increases in serum BDNF (p = <0.001), and such increases were correlated with improvements in global cognitive performance. CONCLUSION: Increases in global cognition induced by high flavonoid fruit and vegetables, and cocoa flavanols were paralleled by concurrent changes in serum BDNF levels, suggesting a role for BDNF in flavonoid-induced cognitive improvements. Furthermore, we provide further data suggesting that serum BDNF levels may represent a biomarker of cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Neshatdoust
- Hugh Sinclair Unit for Human Nutrition, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading , Reading, UK
| | - Caroline Saunders
- Hugh Sinclair Unit for Human Nutrition, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading , Reading, UK
| | - Sophie M Castle
- Hugh Sinclair Unit for Human Nutrition, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading , Reading, UK
| | - David Vauzour
- Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia , Norwich, UK
| | - Claire Williams
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading , Reading, UK
| | - Laurie Butler
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading , Reading, UK
| | - Julie A Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit for Human Nutrition, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading , Reading, UK
| | - Jeremy P E Spencer
- Hugh Sinclair Unit for Human Nutrition, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading , Reading, UK
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Neuroprotective Effect of the Marine-Derived Compound 11-Dehydrosinulariolide through DJ-1-Related Pathway in In Vitro and In Vivo Models of Parkinson's Disease. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:md14100187. [PMID: 27763504 PMCID: PMC5082335 DOI: 10.3390/md14100187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and gait impairment. In a previous study, we found that the marine-derived compound 11-dehydrosinulariolide (11-de) upregulates the Akt/PI3K pathway to protect cells against 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-mediated damage. In the present study, SH-SY5Y, zebrafish and rats were used to examine the therapeutic effect of 11-de. The results revealed the mechanism by which 11-de exerts its therapeutic effect: the compound increases cytosolic or mitochondrial DJ-1 expression, and then activates the downstream Akt/PI3K, p-CREB, and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways. Additionally, we found that 11-de could reverse the 6-OHDA-induced downregulation of total swimming distance in a zebrafish model of PD. Using a rat model of PD, we showed that a 6-OHDA-induced increase in the number of turns, and increased time spent by rats on the beam, could be reversed by 11-de treatment. Lastly, we showed that 6-OHDA-induced attenuation in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), a dopaminergic neuronal marker, in zebrafish and rat models of PD could also be reversed by treatment with 11-de. Moreover, the patterns of DJ-1 expression observed in this study in the zebrafish and rat models of PD corroborated the trend noted in previous in vitro studies.
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Short- and long-term effects of neonatal pharmacotherapy with epigallocatechin-3-gallate on hippocampal development in the Ts65Dn mouse model of Down syndrome. Neuroscience 2016; 333:277-301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Caruana M, Cauchi R, Vassallo N. Putative Role of Red Wine Polyphenols against Brain Pathology in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease. Front Nutr 2016; 3:31. [PMID: 27570766 PMCID: PMC4981604 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2016.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the most common age-related neurodegenerative disorders and hence pose remarkable socio-economical burdens to both families and state. Although AD and PD have different clinical and neuropathological features, they share common molecular mechanisms that appear to be triggered by multi-factorial events, such as protein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress (OS), and neuroinflammation, ultimately leading to neuronal cell death. Currently, there are no established and validated disease-modifying strategies for either AD or PD. Among the various lifestyle factors that may prevent or slow age-related neurodegenerative diseases, epidemiological studies on moderate consumption of red wine, especially as part of a holistic Mediterranean diet, have attracted increasing interest. Red wine is particularly rich in specific polyphenolic compounds that appear to affect the biological processes of AD and PD, such as quercetin, myricetin, catechins, tannins, anthocyanidins, resveratrol, and ferulic acid. Indeed, there is now a consistent body of in vitro and in vivo data on the neuroprotective effects of red wine polyphenols (RWP) showing that they do not merely possess antioxidant properties, but may additionally act upon, in a multi-target manner, the underlying key mechanisms featuring in both AD and PD. Furthermore, it is important that bioavailability issues are addressed in order for neuroprotection to be relevant in a clinical study scenario. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the major classes of RWP and places into perspective their potential to be considered as nutraceuticals to target neuropathology in AD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Caruana
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta , Msida , Malta
| | - Ruben Cauchi
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida, Malta; Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Neville Vassallo
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida, Malta; Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
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Singh NA, Mandal AKA, Khan ZA. Potential neuroprotective properties of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). Nutr J 2016; 15:60. [PMID: 27268025 PMCID: PMC4897892 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-016-0179-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) enforce an overwhelming social and economic burden on society. They are primarily characterized through the accumulation of modified proteins, which further trigger biological responses such as inflammation, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity and modulation of signalling pathways. In a hope for cure, these diseases have been studied extensively over the last decade to successfully develop symptom-oriented therapies. However, so far no definite cure has been found. Therefore, there is a need to identify a class of drug capable of reversing neural damage and preventing further neural death. This review therefore assesses the reliability of the neuroprotective benefits of epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG) by shedding light on their biological, pharmacological, antioxidant and metal chelation properties, with emphasis on their ability to invoke a range of cellular mechanisms in the brain. It also discusses the possible use of nanotechnology to enhance the neuroprotective benefits of EGCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Atulkumar Singh
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abul Kalam Azad Mandal
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Zaved Ahmed Khan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research, Adesh University, Bathinda, Punjab, India.
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