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Lee H, Nam Y, Kim D. Echo time‐range effects on gradient‐echo based myelin water fraction mapping at 3T. Magn Reson Med 2018; 81:2799-2807. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongpyo Lee
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Yonsei University Seoul Korea
| | - Yoonho Nam
- Department of Radiology Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea Seoul Korea
| | - Dong‐Hyun Kim
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Yonsei University Seoul Korea
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van Gelderen P, Duyn JH. White matter intercompartmental water exchange rates determined from detailed modeling of the myelin sheath. Magn Reson Med 2018; 81:628-638. [PMID: 30230605 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Magnetization exchange (ME) between hydrogen protons of water and large molecules (semisolids [SS]) in lipid bilayers is an important factor in MRI signal generation and can be exploited to study white matter pathology. Current models used to quantify ME in white matter generally consider water to reside in 1 or 2 distinct compartments, ignoring the complexities of the myelin sheath's multicompartment structure of alternating myelin SS and myelin water (MW) layers. Here, we investigated the effect of this by fitting ME data obtained from human brain at 7 T with a multilayer model of myelin. METHODS A multi-echo acquisition for a T2 * -based separation of MW from other water signals was combined with various preparation pulses to change the (relative) state of the SS and water pools and analyzed by fitting with a multilayer exchange model. RESULTS The estimated lifetime within a single MW layer was 260 µs, corresponding to a lipid bilayer permeability of 6.7 µm/s. The magnetization lifetime of the aggregate of all MW was estimated at 13 ms, shorter than previously reported values in the range of 40 to 140 ms. CONCLUSION Contrary to expectations and previous reports, ME between protons in myelin SS and water is not limited by the myelin sheath but rather by the exchange between SS and water protons. The analysis of ME contrast should account for the relatively short MW lifetime and affects the interpretation of tissue compartmentalization from MRI contrasts such as T1 - and diffusion-weighting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter van Gelderen
- Advanced MRI Section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological, Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jeff H Duyn
- Advanced MRI Section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological, Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Jung W, Lee J, Shin HG, Nam Y, Zhang H, Oh SH, Lee J. Whole brain g-ratio mapping using myelin water imaging (MWI) and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI). Neuroimage 2017; 182:379-388. [PMID: 28962901 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
MR g-ratio, which measures the ratio of the aggregate volume of axons to that of fibers in a voxel, is a potential biomarker for white matter microstructures. In this study, a new approach for acquiring an in-vivo whole human brain g-ratio map is proposed. To estimate the g-ratio, myelin volume fraction and axonal volume fraction are acquired using multi-echo gradient echo myelin water imaging (GRE-MWI) and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI), respectively. In order to translate myelin water fraction measured in GRE-MWI into myelin volume fraction, a new scaling procedure is proposed and validated. This scaling approach utilizes geometric measures of myelin structure and, therefore, provides robustness over previous methods. The resulting g-ratio map reveals an expected range of g-ratios (0.71-0.85 in major fiber bundles) with a small inter-subject coefficient of variance (less than 2%). Additionally, a few fiber bundles (e.g. cortico-spinal tract and optic radiation) show different constituents of myelin volume fraction and axonal volume fraction, indicating potentials to utilize the measures for deciphering fiber tracking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woojin Jung
- Laboratory for Imaging Science and Technology, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jingu Lee
- Laboratory for Imaging Science and Technology, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeong-Geol Shin
- Laboratory for Imaging Science and Technology, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoonho Nam
- Department of Radiology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Computer Science & Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Se-Hong Oh
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Jongho Lee
- Laboratory for Imaging Science and Technology, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Duyn JH. Frequency shifts in the myelin water compartment. Magn Reson Med 2014; 71:1953-5. [PMID: 24700549 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.24983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeff H Duyn
- Advanced MRI Section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Sati P, van Gelderen P, Silva AC, Reich DS, Merkle H, de Zwart JA, Duyn JH. Micro-compartment specific T2* relaxation in the brain. Neuroimage 2013; 77:268-78. [PMID: 23528924 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MRI at high field can be sensitized to the magnetic properties of tissues, which introduces a signal dependence on the orientation of white matter (WM) fiber bundles relative to the magnetic field. In addition, study of the NMR relaxation properties of this signal has indicated contributions from compartmentalized water environments inside and outside the myelin sheath that may be separable. Here we further investigated the effects of water compartmentalization on the MRI signal with the goal of extracting compartment-specific information. By comparing MRI measurements of human and marmoset brain at 7T with magnetic field modeling, we show that: (1) water between the myelin lipid bilayers, in the axonal, and in the interstitial space each experience characteristic magnetic field effects that depend on fiber orientation (2) these field effects result in characteristic relaxation properties and frequency shifts for these compartments; and (3) compartmental contributions may be separated by multi-component fitting of the MRI signal relaxation (i.e. decay) curve. We further show the potential application of these findings to the direct mapping of myelin content and assessment of WM fiber integrity with high field MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Sati
- Translational Neuroradiology Unit, Neuroimmunology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Vesper H, Schmelz EM, Nikolova-Karakashian MN, Dillehay DL, Lynch DV, Merrill AH. Sphingolipids in food and the emerging importance of sphingolipids to nutrition. J Nutr 1999; 129:1239-50. [PMID: 10395583 DOI: 10.1093/jn/129.7.1239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 368] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic organisms as well as some prokaryotes and viruses contain sphingolipids, which are defined by a common structural feature, i.e. , a "sphingoid base" backbone such as D-erythro-1,3-dihydroxy, 2-aminooctadec-4-ene (sphingosine). The sphingolipids of mammalian tissues, lipoproteins, and milk include ceramides, sphingomyelins, cerebrosides, gangliosides and sulfatides; plants, fungi and yeast have mainly cerebrosides and phosphoinositides. The total amounts of sphingolipids in food vary considerably, from a few micromoles per kilogram (fruits) to several millimoles per kilogram in rich sources such as dairy products, eggs and soybeans. With the use of the limited data available, per capita sphingolipid consumption in the United States can be estimated to be on the order of 150-180 mmol (approximately 115-140 g) per year, or 0.3-0.4 g/d. There is no known nutritional requirement for sphingolipids; nonetheless, they are hydrolyzed throughout the gastrointestinal tract to the same categories of metabolites (ceramides and sphingoid bases) that are used by cells to regulate growth, differentiation, apoptosis and other cellular functions. Studies with experimental animals have shown that feeding sphingolipids inhibits colon carcinogenesis, reduces serum LDL cholesterol and elevates HDL, suggesting that sphingolipids represent a "functional" constituent of food. Sphingolipid metabolism can also be modified by constituents of the diet, such as cholesterol, fatty acids and mycotoxins (fumonisins), with consequences for cell regulation and disease. Additional associations among diet, sphingolipids and health are certain to emerge as more is learned about these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Vesper
- Departments of Biochemistry and Pathology, and Division of Animal Resources, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322-3050, USA
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Merrill AH, Lingrell S, Wang E, Nikolova-Karakashian M, Vales TR, Vance DE. Sphingolipid biosynthesis de novo by rat hepatocytes in culture. Ceramide and sphingomyelin are associated with, but not required for, very low density lipoprotein secretion. J Biol Chem 1995; 270:13834-41. [PMID: 7775441 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.270.23.13834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are constituents of liver and lipoproteins, but relatively little is known about their synthesis and secretion. Incubation of rat hepatocytes with [14C]- or [3H]serine labeled the long-chain base backbones of mainly ceramide and sphingomyelin. Most of the labeled sphingolipids were associated with the cells; however, 1-5% (the majority of which was ceramide) was released into the medium as part of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL). Since this is the first report that lipoproteins contain ceramide, lipoproteins were isolated from rat plasma, and the ceramide contents were (per mg of protein): 6.5 nmol for VLDL (d < 1.018), 0.6 nmol for low density lipoproteins (1.018 < d < 1.063), 0.2 nmol for high density lipoproteins (1.063 < d < 1.18), and 0.1 nmol for the albumin fraction; the lipoproteins also contained 0.1-0.4 nmol of free sphingosine/mg of protein. A number of factors affected the secretion of radiolabeled sphingolipids: 1) addition of palmitic acid, but not stearic or oleic acid, enhanced secretion due to an increase in long-chain base synthesis de novo. 2) Choline deficiency caused a 42% reduction in the secretion of radiolabeled sphingomyelin, but this was due to an effect on VLDL secretion rather than a decrease in sphingolipid synthesis. Removal of choline was examined because previous studies (Yao, Z. M., and Vance, D. E. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 2998-3004) have shown that choline deficiencies depress phosphatidylcholine synthesis and lipoprotein secretion. 3) Incubation of the cells with fumonisin B1, a mycotoxin inhibitor of sphinganine (sphingosine) N-acyltransferase, reduced overall sphingolipid synthesis and secretion by 90%, but had no effect on the secretion of apoB, phosphatidylcholine, or cholesterol. All together, these findings demonstrate that rat hepatocytes synthesize ceramide and sphingomyelin de novo and incorporate them into both cellular membranes and secreted VLDL, but normal sphingolipid synthesis is not required for lipoprotein secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Merrill
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322-3050, USA
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Merrill AH, Jones DD. An update of the enzymology and regulation of sphingomyelin metabolism. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1990; 1044:1-12. [PMID: 2187537 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(90)90211-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 379] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Sphingomyelin is found in plasma membranes and related organelles (such as endocytic vesicles and lysosomes) of all tissues, as well as in lipoproteins. Abnormalities in sphingomyelin metabolism have been associated with atherosclerosis, cancer and genetically transmitted diseases; however, except for Niemann-Pick disease, little is known about the mechanism for these disorders. Sphingomyelin biosynthesis de novo involves ceramide formation from serine and two mol of fatty acyl-CoA followed by addition of the phosphocholine headgroup. The headgroup appears to come from phosphatidylcholine, but other sources have not been ruled out. Factors that influence the rate of sphingomyelin synthesis include the availability of serine and palmitic acid, plus the relative activities of key enzymes of this pathway. Sphingomyelin turnover involves removal of the headgroup and amide-linked fatty acid by sphingomyelinases and ceramidases, respectively, which have been found in both lysosomes (with acidic pH optima) and plasma membranes (with neutral to alkaline pH optima). The enzymes of sphingomyelin turnover release ceramide and free sphingosine from endogenous substrates, which may have implications for the participation of a sphingomyelin/sphingosine cycle as another 'lipid second messenger' system.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Merrill
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30032
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9
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Coleman PS, Lavietes BB. Membrane cholesterol, tumorigenesis, and the biochemical phenotype of neoplasia. CRC CRITICAL REVIEWS IN BIOCHEMISTRY 1981; 11:341-93. [PMID: 6118236 DOI: 10.1080/10409238109104421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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10
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Calcium-mediated Transduction of the Hormonal Message in 1-Methyladenine-induced Meiosis Reinitiation of Starfish Oocytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1981. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-68035-9_32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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11
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Abstract
In this review the subcellular localization of enzymes and constituents in thyroid is discussed. Conditions and results of differential pelleting and gradient centrifugation studies are described with special attention to the validity of the markets used (Table VI). Special approaches to the isolation and characterization of thyroid organelles and membranes are extensively reviewed (Table VII). Subcellular fractionation of thyroid tissue has been shown to be an arduous task. Classic approaches for differential pelleting and gradient centrifugation, which have been proved successful for rat liver, are not always equally satisfactory for thyroid. The major problem is the toughness of the tissue requiring rather traumatizing homogenizing procedures. Nevertheless, the fractionation procedures did allow the subcellular localization of some enzymes and constituents to be established with a high degree of certainty. Furthermore, enriched subcellular fractions have been isolated which have been useful for biochemical studies concerning the specific function of this tissue.
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12
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Haines TH. A proposal on the function of unsaturated fatty acids and ionic lipids: the role of potential compaction in biological membranes. J Theor Biol 1979; 80:307-23. [PMID: 529806 DOI: 10.1016/0022-5193(79)90096-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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13
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Shamoo AE, Goldstein DA. Isolation of ionophores from ion transport systems and their role in energy transduction. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1977; 472:13-53. [PMID: 141944 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4157(77)90013-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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14
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15
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Intensity of synthesis of phospholipids and cholesterol in the brain and spinal cord of rabbits with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Bull Exp Biol Med 1976. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00804911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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16
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Malone MJ, Rosman NP, Szoke M, Davis D. Myelination of brain in experimental hypothyroidism. An electron-microscopic and biochemical study of purified myelin isolates. J Neurol Sci 1975; 26:1-11. [PMID: 1159453 DOI: 10.1016/0022-510x(75)90108-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Myelin development has been studied in the neonatally hypothyroid rat brain by isolation and characterization of purified myelin preparations. The hormone deficiency results in a suppression of compact myelin formation and the persistence of a lighter possibly pro-myelin fraction. The appearance of myelin basic protein was markedly delayed in the hormone-deficient animals and this effect on the basic protein moiety may be responsible for the delayed myelinogenesis.
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17
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Vilallonga FA. Drug-biomolecule interactions: mechanisms and kinetics of interactions of biomolecules at interfaces. J Pharm Sci 1975; 64:477-87. [PMID: 1151639 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600640336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
At the air-water interface, the area occupied by the molecules of each component of mixed monomolecular layers of cholesterol with hexadecyl alcohol, hexadecylic acid, or hexadecylamine was independent of the presence of the other component. The values of the free energy of mixing of these lipids were within the range of the entropic factor of the free energy even at high surface pressures. Mixed monolayers of cholesterol and bovine serum albumin showed a similar independence of the area per molecule and of the free energy of mixing values when the concentration of the protein was expressed in terms of amino acid residues per molecule of protein forming the mixed monolayer. Higher values of the free energy of mixing were obtained for mixed monolayers of cholesterol with dipalmitoyl lecithin and dipalmitoyl phosphatidylethanolamine than were expected from an entropic factor. The interaction between monomolecular layers of lipidic biomolecules with bulk subphase components, the energy of activation, interaction kinetics, and effects of added electrolytes were also studied. The implications of these data to a mechanism of action are discussed.
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18
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Role of Cholesterol in Biomembranes and Related Systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1975. [DOI: 10.1016/s0070-2161(08)60101-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
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19
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Yates AJ, Wherrett JR. Changes in the sciatic nerve of the rabbit and its tissue constituents during development. J Neurochem 1974; 23:993-1003. [PMID: 4436685 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1974.tb10751.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Hilderson HJ, Lagrou A, Dierick W. The nuclear lipids of bovine hypertrophic thyroid. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1974; 337:385-9. [PMID: 4364990 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(74)90113-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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22
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Ramsey RB, Banik NL, Bowen DM, Scott T, Davison AN. Biochemical and ultrastructural studies on subacute sclerosing panencephalitis and demyelination. J Neurol Sci 1974; 21:213-25. [PMID: 4374515 DOI: 10.1016/0022-510x(74)90073-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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23
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Papahadjopoulos D, Cowden M, Kimelberg H. Role of cholesterol in membranes. Effects on phospholipid-protein interactions, membrane permeability and enzymatic activity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1973; 330:8-26. [PMID: 4128465 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(73)90280-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Bourre JM, Pollet SA, Daudu OL, Baumann NA. Evolution, in mouse brain microsomes, of lipids and their constituents during myelination. Brain Res 1973; 51:225-39. [PMID: 4706014 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(73)90375-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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25
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Hildebrand C. Evidence for a correlation between myelin period and number of myelin lamellae in fibres of the feline spinal cord white matter. JOURNAL OF NEUROCYTOLOGY 1972; 1:223-32. [PMID: 8530962 DOI: 10.1007/bf01099935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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26
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Peterson RG, Pease DC. Myelin embedded in polymerized glutaraldehyde-urea. JOURNAL OF ULTRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH 1972; 41:115-32. [PMID: 4116441 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5320(72)90042-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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27
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Joffe S. Isolation of some properties of a succinylated protein-lipid complex derived from calf brain myelin. Arch Biochem Biophys 1971; 146:46-53. [PMID: 4335487 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-9861(71)80039-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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28
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Structure of Membranes and Role of Lipids Therein1 1Contribution No. 358, Animal Research Institute. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1971. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-024909-1.50011-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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Jenkinson TJ, Kamat VB, Chapman D. Physical studies of myelin. II. Proton magnetic resonance and infrared spectroscopy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1969; 183:427-33. [PMID: 5822815 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(69)90157-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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31
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Eylar EH, Salk J, Beveridge GC, Brown LV. Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. An encephalitogenic basic protein from bovine myelin. Arch Biochem Biophys 1969; 132:34-48. [PMID: 4978347 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(69)90336-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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32
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Burns CH, Rothblat GH. Cholesterol excretion by tissue culture cells: effect of serum lipids. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1969; 176:616-25. [PMID: 5800049 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(69)90228-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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33
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Eylar EH, Thompson M. Allergic encephalomyelitis: the physico-chemical properities of the basic protein encephalitogen from bovine spinal cord. Arch Biochem Biophys 1969; 129:468-79. [PMID: 4975140 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(69)90204-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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35
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36
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Passow H. Passive ion permeability of the er erythrocyte membrane. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1969. [DOI: 10.1016/0079-6107(69)90017-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Shah SN, Peterson NA, McKean CM. Inhibition of in vitro sterol biosynthesis by phenylalanine. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1968; 164:604-6. [PMID: 5701701 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(68)90192-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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39
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Rothblat GH, Buchko MK, Kritchevsky D. Cholesterol uptake by L5178Y tissue culture cells: studies with delipidized serum. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1968; 164:327-38. [PMID: 5721030 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(68)90158-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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40
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Staehelin LA. The interpretation of freeze-etched artificial and bilogical membranes. JOURNAL OF ULTRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH 1968; 22:326-47. [PMID: 4872426 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5320(68)90025-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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41
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42
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Steim JM, Fleischer S. Aggregation-induced red shift of the Cotton effect of mitochondrial structural protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1967; 58:1292-8. [PMID: 5237863 PMCID: PMC223922 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.58.4.1292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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Vilallonga F, Altschul R, Fernandez MS. Lipid-protein interaction at the air-water interface. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1967; 135:406-15. [PMID: 6048811 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(67)90030-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Vilallonga F, Altschul R, Fernández MS. Free energy of mixing of phospholipids and cholesterol at the air-water interface. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1967; 135:557-9. [PMID: 6048824 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(67)90044-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Clausen J, Moller J. Allergic encephalomyelitis induced by brain antigen after deficiency in polyunsaturated fatty acids during myelination. Is multiple sclerosis a nutritive disorder? Acta Neurol Scand 1967; 43:375-88. [PMID: 6069188 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.1967.tb05740.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Weller RO. Cytochemistry of lipids in atherosclerosis. THE JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY AND BACTERIOLOGY 1967; 94:171-82. [PMID: 6053001 DOI: 10.1002/path.1700940122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Tien HT, Diana AL. Black lipid membranes in aqueous media: the effect of salts on electrical properties. J Colloid Interface Sci 1967; 24:287-96. [PMID: 6074413 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9797(67)90253-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Bischoff A, Moor H. Ultrastructural differences between the myelin sheaths of peripheral nerve fibres and CNS white matter. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ZELLFORSCHUNG UND MIKROSKOPISCHE ANATOMIE (VIENNA, AUSTRIA : 1948) 1967; 81:303-10. [PMID: 4880867 DOI: 10.1007/bf00342757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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50
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