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Gazzi T, Heinke M, Landolt F, Bode JW. Chemical Synthesis of Secretoglobin 3A2 Covalent Homodimer and Photocaged Monomeric Variants. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404992. [PMID: 38635000 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Secretoglobin (SCGB) 3A2 belongs to an intriguing family of small, secreted proteins present only in mammals. Although members of the SCGB protein family have distinct amino acid sequences, they share structural similarities. Of particularly interest is the not yet fully understood self-assembly ability of SCGBs, which arise from covalent disulfide dimerization and non-covalent oligomerization. Recently, SCGB3A2 has attracted attention for its singular expression profile in airways. However, the knowledge on SCGB3A2 (patho)physiology derives exclusively from in vivo and complex ex vivo mixtures, which hampers characterization of the mechanisms driving SCGB3A2 structural behavior. Herein, we document the chemical synthesis of SCGB3A2 in multi-milligram quantities. Key to access both monomeric and homodimeric SCGB3A2 analogues was the use of KAHA ligation and enabled masking of the cysteine residue. The synthetic proteins were used to investigate the SCGB3A2 self-assembly profile, confirming their high propensity to dimerization even in the absence of the key Cys residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Gazzi
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Maria Heinke
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Landolt
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jeffrey W Bode
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
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2
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Heltborg A, Mogensen CB, Andersen ES, Cartuliares MB, Petersen ERB, Skovsted TA, Posth S, Graumann O, Lorentzen MJ, Hertz MA, Brasen CL, Skjøt-Arkil H. Diagnostic Performance of Plasma SP-D, KL-6, and CC16 in Acutely Hospitalised Patients Suspected of Having Community-Acquired Pneumonia-A Diagnostic Accuracy Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1283. [PMID: 38928698 PMCID: PMC11202779 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14121283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Community-acquired pneumonia is a common cause of acute hospitalisation. Identifying patients with community-acquired pneumonia among patients suspected of having the disease can be a challenge, which causes unnecessary antibiotic treatment. We investigated whether the circulatory pulmonary injury markers surfactant protein D (SP-D), Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6), and Club cell protein 16 (CC16) could help identify patients with community-acquired pneumonia upon acute admission. In this multi-centre diagnostic accuracy study, SP-D, KL-6, and CC16 were quantified in plasma samples from acutely hospitalised patients with provisional diagnoses of community-acquired pneumonia. The area under the receiver operator characteristics curve (AUC) was calculated for each marker against the following outcomes: patients' final diagnoses regarding community-acquired pneumonia assigned by an expert panel, and pneumonic findings on chest CTs. Plasma samples from 339 patients were analysed. The prevalence of community-acquired pneumonia was 63%. AUCs for each marker against both final diagnoses and chest CT diagnoses ranged between 0.50 and 0.56. Thus, SP-D, KL-6, and CC16 demonstrated poor diagnostic performance for community-acquired pneumonia in acutely hospitalised patients. Our findings indicate that the markers cannot readily assist physicians in confirming or ruling out community-acquired pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Heltborg
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, 6200 Aabenraa, Denmark (H.S.-A.)
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Christian B. Mogensen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, 6200 Aabenraa, Denmark (H.S.-A.)
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Eline S. Andersen
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Lillebaelt Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, 7100 Vejle, Denmark
| | - Mariana B. Cartuliares
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, 6200 Aabenraa, Denmark (H.S.-A.)
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Eva R. B. Petersen
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Lillebaelt Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, 7100 Vejle, Denmark
- Department of Blood Tests, Biochemistry and Immunology, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, 6200 Aabenraa, Denmark
| | - Thor A. Skovsted
- Department of Blood Tests, Biochemistry and Immunology, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, 6200 Aabenraa, Denmark
| | - Stefan Posth
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Ole Graumann
- Department of Radiology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Morten J. Lorentzen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, 6200 Aabenraa, Denmark (H.S.-A.)
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Mathias A. Hertz
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Claus L. Brasen
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Lillebaelt Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, 7100 Vejle, Denmark
| | - Helene Skjøt-Arkil
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, 6200 Aabenraa, Denmark (H.S.-A.)
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
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3
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Cruz-Huerta E, Zariñán T, Enríquez J, Ulloa-Aguirre A, Gutiérrez-Sagal R. Estrogen regulated transcription of the non-estrogen-regulated hamster uteroglobin gene in MCF-7 cells. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2024; 347:114424. [PMID: 38101487 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2023.114424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
To study the estrogen regulated transcription of the uteroglobin (UG) gene, the founding member of the secretoglobin family widely expressed in many different mammalian species, we re-created functional estrogen response elements (EREs) in the UG gene promoter from a species where UG expression is not regulated by estrogens: the hamster Mesocricetus auratus (Ma), to ascertain if the lack of functional EREs is the real cause of its estrogen insensitivity. Functional EREs in the hamster promoter, including the consensus ERE (cERE), failed to respond to an appropriate estrogen stimulus compared with its estrogen regulated ortholog from the brown hare Lepus capensis (Lc). As the nucleotide sequence is the only difference between genetic constructs from these two species, we suspected that the UG promoter from the hamster probably contains cis-acting genetic elements that negatively impairs the estrogen-regulated transcription mediated by the functional ERE. Accordingly, we prepared chimeric DNA constructs which eventually allowed to identify a region located 29 base pairs (bp) downstream of the ERE as responsible for the lack of estrogen-responsiveness of the Ma-UG gene in the breast cancer cell line MCF-7. This region contains the sequence ACACCCC which has been identified as the core sequence of the Sp/ Krüppel-like factor (KLF) family of transcription factors. This finding is relevant, not only due to the observation on a novel mechanism that control estrogen-induced transcription, but also because it may encourage further investigation for better defining specific genes with an ERE that do not respond to estrogen signaling in MCF-7 cells, a cell line widely employed as an in vitro model in breast cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Cruz-Huerta
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Teresa Zariñán
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación (RAI), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México and Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juana Enríquez
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción Dr. Carlos Gual Castro, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Ulloa-Aguirre
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación (RAI), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México and Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rubén Gutiérrez-Sagal
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación (RAI), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México and Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Milosevic B, Stojanovic B, Cvetkovic A, Jovanovic I, Spasic M, Stojanovic MD, Stankovic V, Sekulic M, Stojanovic BS, Zdravkovic N, Mitrovic M, Stojanovic J, Laketic D, Vulovic M, Cvetkovic D. The Enigma of Mammaglobin: Redefining the Biomarker Paradigm in Breast Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13407. [PMID: 37686210 PMCID: PMC10487666 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The continuous evolution of cancer biology has led to the discovery of mammaglobin, a potential novel biomarker for breast carcinoma. This review aims to unravel the enigmatic aspects of mammaglobin and elucidate its potential role in redefining the paradigm of breast carcinoma biomarkers. We will thoroughly examine its expression in tumoral and peritumoral tissues and its circulating levels in the blood, thereby providing insights into its possible function in cancer progression and metastasis. Furthermore, the potential application of mammaglobin as a non-invasive diagnostic tool and a target for personalized treatment strategies will be discussed. Given the increasing incidence of breast carcinoma worldwide, the exploration of novel biomarkers such as mammaglobin is crucial in advancing our diagnostic capabilities and treatment modalities, ultimately contributing to improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojan Milosevic
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (B.M.); (B.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Bojan Stojanovic
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (B.M.); (B.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Aleksandar Cvetkovic
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (B.M.); (B.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Ivan Jovanovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
| | - Marko Spasic
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (B.M.); (B.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Milica Dimitrijevic Stojanovic
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (M.D.S.); (V.S.)
| | - Vesna Stankovic
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (M.D.S.); (V.S.)
| | - Marija Sekulic
- Department of Hygiene and Ecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
| | - Bojana S. Stojanovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Natasa Zdravkovic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
| | - Minja Mitrovic
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
| | - Jasmina Stojanovic
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
| | - Darko Laketic
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade,11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Maja Vulovic
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
| | - Danijela Cvetkovic
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
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Durairaj R, Pageat P, Bienboire-Frosini C. Impact of Semiochemicals Binding to Fel d 1 on Its 3D Conformation and Predicted B-Cell Epitopes Using Computational Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11685. [PMID: 37511444 PMCID: PMC10380945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The major cat allergen Fel d 1 is a tetrameric glycoprotein from the secretoglobin superfamily. Fel d 1's biological role is unknown, but it has been previously shown that it participates in semiochemical binding/transportation. Fel d 1 has linear epitopes, but its conformational epitope sites remain unclear. In this study, we predicted the B-cell epitopes of Fel d 1 and explored semiochemical dynamics with epitopes using bioinformatics tools. The epitope residues were tabulated for chains 1 and 2 and the heterodimers of Fel d 1. The residual interactions of Fel d 1 with IgE were evaluated, and the prominent epitope sites were predicted. The molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) of Fel d 1 was performed with seven reported semiochemicals to evaluate the Fel d 1-ligand complex stability and decipher the semiochemical effect on Fel d 1 conformational epitopes. Fel d 1-lauric acid, Fel d 1-oleic acid, and Fel d 1-progesterone showed more stability and less fluctuation than other compounds. Fel d 1-linoleic acid and Fel d 1-pregnenolone displayed the most unstable complex with fluctuations. The effects of conformational changes on epitopes are discussed. All the ligand complexes drive substantial fluctuation towards the functionally exposed IgE-binding epitopes. Fel d 1 could be examined for its ligand-binding and conformational changes caused by mutations of B-cell epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Durairaj
- Department of Bioinformatics and Chemical Communication (D-BICC), Research Institute in Semiochemistry and Applied Ethology (IRSEA), Quartier Salignan, 84400 Apt, France
| | - Patrick Pageat
- Research and Education Board, Research Institute in Semiochemistry and Applied Ethology (IRSEA), Quartier Salignan, 84400 Apt, France
| | - Cécile Bienboire-Frosini
- Department of Molecular Biology and Chemical Communication (D-BMCC), Research Institute in Semiochemistry and Applied Ethology (IRSEA), Quartier Salignan, 84400 Apt, France
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6
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Blackburn JB, Li NF, Bartlett NW, Richmond BW. An update in club cell biology and its potential relevance to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 324:L652-L665. [PMID: 36942863 PMCID: PMC10110710 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00192.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Club cells are found in human small airways where they play an important role in immune defense, xenobiotic metabolism, and repair after injury. Over the past few years, data from single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) studies has generated new insights into club cell heterogeneity and function. In this review, we integrate findings from scRNA-seq experiments with earlier in vitro, in vivo, and microscopy studies and highlight the many ways club cells contribute to airway homeostasis. We then discuss evidence for loss of club cells or club cell products in the airways of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and discuss potential mechanisms through which this might occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica B Blackburn
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Ngan Fung Li
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Nathan W Bartlett
- Viral Immunology and Respiratory Disease Group, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bradley W Richmond
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
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7
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Brouns I, Adriaensen D, Timmermans JP. The pulmonary neuroepithelial body microenvironment represents an underestimated multimodal component in airway sensory pathways. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2023. [PMID: 36808710 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Exciting new imaging and molecular tools, combined with state-of-the-art genetically modified mouse models, have recently boosted interest in pulmonary (vagal) sensory pathway investigations. In addition to the identification of diverse sensory neuronal subtypes, visualization of intrapulmonary projection patterns attracted renewed attention on morphologically identified sensory receptor end-organs, such as the pulmonary neuroepithelial bodies (NEBs) that have been our area of expertise for the past four decades. The current review aims at providing an overview of the cellular and neuronal components of the pulmonary NEB microenvironment (NEB ME) in mice, underpinning the role of these complexly organized structures in the mechano- and chemosensory potential of airways and lungs. Interestingly, the pulmonary NEB ME additionally harbors different types of stem cells, and emerging evidence suggests that the signal transduction pathways that are active in the NEB ME during lung development and repair also determine the origin of small cell lung carcinoma. Although documented for many years that NEBs appear to be affected in several pulmonary diseases, the current intriguing knowledge on the NEB ME seems to encourage researchers that are new to the field to explore the possibility that these versatile sensor-effector units may be involved in lung pathogenesis or pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Brouns
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology (CBH), Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Dirk Adriaensen
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology (CBH), Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jean-Pierre Timmermans
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology (CBH), Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Antwerp Centre for Advanced Microscopy (ACAM), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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8
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Martinu T, Todd JL, Gelman AE, Guerra S, Palmer SM. Club Cell Secretory Protein in Lung Disease: Emerging Concepts and Potential Therapeutics. Annu Rev Med 2023; 74:427-441. [PMID: 36450281 PMCID: PMC10472444 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-042921-123443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Club cell secretory protein (CCSP), also known as secretoglobin 1A1 (gene name SCGB1A1), is one of the most abundant proteins in the lung, primarily produced by club cells of the distal airway epithelium. At baseline, CCSP is found in large concentrations in lung fluid specimens and can also be detected in the blood and urine. Obstructive lung diseases are generally associated with reduced CCSP levels, thought to be due to decreased CCSP production or club cell depletion. Conversely, several restrictive lung diseases have been found to have increased CCSP levels both in the lung and in the circulation, likely related to club cell dysregulation as well as increasedlung permeability. Recent studies demonstrate multiple mechanisms by which CCSP dampens acute and chronic lung inflammation. Given these anti-inflammatory effects, CCSP represents a novel potential therapeutic modality in lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Martinu
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto Lung Transplant Program, Ajmera Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jamie L Todd
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Andrew E Gelman
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Stefano Guerra
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Scott M Palmer
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Kimura S, Yokoyama S, Pilon AL, Kurotani R. Emerging role of an immunomodulatory protein secretoglobin 3A2 in human diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 236:108112. [PMID: 35016921 PMCID: PMC9271138 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Secretoglobin (SCGB) 3A2 was first identified in 2001 as a protein exhibiting similarities in amino acid sequence and gene structure to SCGB1A1, a multi-functional cytokine-like molecule highly expressed in airway epithelial Club cells that was the first identified and extensively studied member of the SCGB gene superfamily. SCGB3A2 is a small secretory protein of ~10 kDa that forms a dimer and a tetramer. SCGB3A2 is predominantly expressed in airway epithelial Club cells, and has anti-inflammatory, growth factor, anti-fibrotic, and anti-cancer activities that influence various lung diseases. This review summarizes the current understanding of SCGB3A2 biological functions and its role in human diseases with emphasis on its mechanisms of actions and signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shioko Kimura
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Shigetoshi Yokoyama
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | | | - Reiko Kurotani
- Biochemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
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Mootz M, Jakwerth CA, Schmidt‐Weber CB, Zissler UM. Secretoglobins in the big picture of immunoregulation in airway diseases. Allergy 2022; 77:767-777. [PMID: 34343347 DOI: 10.1111/all.15033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The proteins of the secretoglobin (SCGB) family are expressed by secretory tissues of barrier organs. They are embedded in immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory processes of airway diseases. This review particularly illustrates the immune regulation of SCGBs by cytokines and their implication in the pathophysiology of airway diseases. The biology of SCGBs is a complex topic of increasing importance, as they are highly abundant in the respiratory tract and can also be detected in malignant tissues and as elements of immune control. In addition, SCGBs react to cytokines, they are embedded in Th1 and Th2 immune responses, and they are expressed in a manner dependent on cell maturation. The big picture of the SCGB family identifies these factors as critical elements of innate immune control at the epithelial barriers and highlights their potential for diagnostic assessment of epithelial activity. Some members of the SCGB family have so far only been superficially examined, but have high potential for translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Mootz
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM) Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Helmholtz Center MunichGerman Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU) Munich Germany
- Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL)CPC‐M Munich Germany
- Technical University of Munich (TUM)TUM School of MedicineKlinikum Rechts der Isar Munich Germany
| | - Constanze A. Jakwerth
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM) Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Helmholtz Center MunichGerman Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU) Munich Germany
- Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL)CPC‐M Munich Germany
| | - Carsten B. Schmidt‐Weber
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM) Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Helmholtz Center MunichGerman Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU) Munich Germany
- Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL)CPC‐M Munich Germany
| | - Ulrich M. Zissler
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM) Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Helmholtz Center MunichGerman Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU) Munich Germany
- Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL)CPC‐M Munich Germany
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11
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Sex Differences in Mouse Exploratory Behaviour to Fel d 1, a Cat ABP-Like Protein. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113149. [PMID: 34827881 PMCID: PMC8614430 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Fel d 1 is a cat secreted protein, known as the main cat allergen, that is abundantly released and found in their habitat. Cats are one of the main predators of rodents and have been historically used to control rodent populations in human habitats. We assumed that laboratory mice, as a model of wild mice, would be able to detect and avoid this abundant cat molecule as a mechanism to increase chances of survival. In our study, we compared mice exploratory behaviours facing Fel d 1, a fox faeces molecule (TMT) as a positive control, and a negative control (purified water). We found that mice did not avoid Fel d 1 as we expected; however, male mice remained in the area with Fel d 1 longer than females. These results give interesting insights about how sexes can react differently to a predator stimulus and give support to the use of both sexes in behavioural studies, and more precisely in predator-prey interactions research Abstract Fel d 1 is a cat protein abundantly released and found in their habitat and is closely related to mouse androgen-binding proteins (ABPs). We hypothesized that mice have developed chemical communication mechanisms to detect and avoid this protein. We tested purified natural Fel d 1, a fox faeces molecule (TMT) as a positive control, and a negative control (purified water) in three different mouse groups (n = 14 each) to evaluate exploratory behaviour and stress responses. The mice did not show clear avoidance or stress responses to Fel d 1. Our results demonstrated a sex-treatment interaction for Fel d 1, with males spending more time in the areas treated with Fel d 1 than in the untreated areas (p = 0.018). This sex-treated area interaction was also not observed for either the blank or TMT. These results suggest that Fel d 1 from domestic cats could be recognized differently by male and female mice. These sex differences could be linked to the sexual role of ABP proteins and the ABP-like characteristics of Fel d 1.
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Almuntashiri S, Han Y, Zhu Y, Dutta S, Niazi S, Wang X, Siddiqui B, Zhang D. CC16 Regulates Inflammation, ROS Generation and Apoptosis in Bronchial Epithelial Cells during Klebsiella pneumoniae Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111459. [PMID: 34768890 PMCID: PMC8583934 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gram-negative (G-) bacteria are the leading cause of hospital-acquired pneumonia in the United States. The devastating damage caused by G- bacteria results from the imbalance of bactericidal effects and overwhelming inflammation. Despite decades of research, the underlying mechanisms by which runaway inflammation is developed remain incompletely understood. Clara Cell Protein 16 (CC16), also known as uteroglobin, is the major protein secreted by Clara cells and the most abundant protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). However, the regulation and functions of CC16 during G- bacterial infection are unknown. In this study, we aimed to assess the regulation of CC16 in response to Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneu) and to investigate the role of CC16 in bronchial epithelial cells. After K. pneu infection, we found that CC16 mRNA expression was significantly decreased in bronchial epithelial cells. Our data also showed that K. pneu infection upregulated cytokine and chemokine genes, including IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 in BEAS-2B cells. Endogenously overexpressed CC16 in BEAS-2B cells provided an anti-inflammatory effect by reducing these markers. We also observed that endogenous CC16 can repress NF-κB reporter activity. In contrast, the recombinant CC16 (rCC16) did not show an anti-inflammatory effect in K. pneu-infected cells or suppression of NF-κB promoter activity. Moreover, the overexpression of CC16 reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and protected BEAS-2B cells from K. pneu-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Almuntashiri
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (S.A.); (Y.H.); (Y.Z.); (S.D.); (X.W.)
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 55473, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yohan Han
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (S.A.); (Y.H.); (Y.Z.); (S.D.); (X.W.)
| | - Yin Zhu
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (S.A.); (Y.H.); (Y.Z.); (S.D.); (X.W.)
| | - Saugata Dutta
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (S.A.); (Y.H.); (Y.Z.); (S.D.); (X.W.)
| | - Sara Niazi
- College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (S.A.); (Y.H.); (Y.Z.); (S.D.); (X.W.)
| | - Budder Siddiqui
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
| | - Duo Zhang
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (S.A.); (Y.H.); (Y.Z.); (S.D.); (X.W.)
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-706-721-6491; Fax: +1-706-721-3994
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Almuntashiri S, James C, Wang X, Siddiqui B, Zhang D. The Potential of Lung Epithelium Specific Proteins as Biomarkers for COVID-19-Associated Lung Injury. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11091643. [PMID: 34573984 PMCID: PMC8469873 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11091643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection was first reported in Wuhan, China, and was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 20 March 2020. The respiratory system is the major organ system affected by COVID-19. Numerous studies have found lung abnormalities in patients with COVID-19, including shortness of breath, respiratory failure, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. The identification of lung-specific biomarkers that are easily measurable in serum would be valuable for both clinicians and patients with such conditions. This review is focused on the pneumoproteins and their potential to serve as biomarkers for COVID-19-associated lung injury, including Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6), surfactant proteins (SP-A, SP-B, SP-C, SP-D), and Clara cell secretory protein (CC16). The current findings indicate the aforementioned pneumoproteins may reflect the severity of pulmonary manifestations and could serve as potential biomarkers in COVID-19-related lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Almuntashiri
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (S.A.); (X.W.)
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 55473, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chelsea James
- College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (S.A.); (X.W.)
| | - Budder Siddiqui
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
| | - Duo Zhang
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (S.A.); (X.W.)
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-706-721-6491; Fax: +1-706-721-3994
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14
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Brouns I, Verckist L, Pintelon I, Timmermans JP, Adriaensen D. Pulmonary Sensory Receptors. ADVANCES IN ANATOMY EMBRYOLOGY AND CELL BIOLOGY 2021; 233:1-65. [PMID: 33950466 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-65817-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Inge Brouns
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen (Wilrijk), Belgium.
| | - Line Verckist
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen (Wilrijk), Belgium
| | - Isabel Pintelon
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen (Wilrijk), Belgium
| | - Jean-Pierre Timmermans
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen (Wilrijk), Belgium
| | - Dirk Adriaensen
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen (Wilrijk), Belgium
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15
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Ligabue-Braun R. Hello, kitty: could cat allergy be a form of intoxication? J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2020; 26:e20200051. [PMID: 33456448 PMCID: PMC7781471 DOI: 10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-2020-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The relationship between slow loris (Nycticebus spp.) venom (BGE protein) and the major cat allergen (Fel d 1) from domestic cat (Felis catus) is known for about two decades. Along this time, evidence was accumulated regarding convergences between them, including their almost identical mode of action. Methods Large-scale database mining for Fel d 1 and BGE proteins in Felidae and Nycticebus spp., alignment, phylogeny proposition and molecular modelling, associated with directed literature review were assessed. Results Fel d 1 sequences for 28 non-domestic felids were identified, along with two additional loris BGE protein sequences. Dimer interfaces are less conserved among sequences, and the chain 1 shows more sequence similarity than chain 2. Post-translational modification similarities are highly probable. Conclusions Fel d 1 functions beyond allergy are discussed, considering the great conservation of felid orthologs of this protein. Reasons for toxicity being found only in domestic cats are proposed in the context of domestication. The combination of the literature review, genome-derived sequence data, and comparisons with the venomous primate slow loris may point to domestic cats as potentially poisonous mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Ligabue-Braun
- Department of Pharmacosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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16
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Scheib H, Nekaris KAI, Rode-Margono J, Ragnarsson L, Baumann K, Dobson JS, Wirdateti W, Nouwens A, Nijman V, Martelli P, Ma R, Lewis RJ, Kwok HF, Fry BG. The Toxicological Intersection between Allergen and Toxin: A Structural Comparison of the Cat Dander Allergenic Protein Fel d1 and the Slow Loris Brachial Gland Secretion Protein. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12020086. [PMID: 32012831 PMCID: PMC7076782 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12020086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Slow lorises are enigmatic animal that represent the only venomous primate lineage. Their defensive secretions have received little attention. In this study we determined the full length sequence of the protein secreted by their unique brachial glands. The full length sequences displayed homology to the main allergenic protein present in cat dander. We thus compared the molecular features of the slow loris brachial gland protein and the cat dander allergen protein, showing remarkable similarities between them. Thus we postulate that allergenic proteins play a role in the slow loris defensive arsenal. These results shed light on these neglected, novel animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Scheib
- Venom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia; (H.S.); (K.B.); (J.S.D.)
| | - K. Anne-Isola Nekaris
- Nocturnal Primate Research Group, Department of Social Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK; (K.A.-I.N.); (J.R.-M.); (V.N.)
- Centre for Functional Genomics, Department of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Johanna Rode-Margono
- Nocturnal Primate Research Group, Department of Social Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK; (K.A.-I.N.); (J.R.-M.); (V.N.)
- The North of England Zoological Society / Chester Zoo, Chester CH2 1LH, UK
| | - Lotten Ragnarsson
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia; (L.R.)
| | - Kate Baumann
- Venom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia; (H.S.); (K.B.); (J.S.D.)
| | - James S. Dobson
- Venom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia; (H.S.); (K.B.); (J.S.D.)
| | | | - Amanda Nouwens
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia;
| | - Vincent Nijman
- Nocturnal Primate Research Group, Department of Social Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK; (K.A.-I.N.); (J.R.-M.); (V.N.)
- Centre for Functional Genomics, Department of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
| | | | - Rui Ma
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR;
| | - Richard J. Lewis
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia; (L.R.)
| | - Hang Fai Kwok
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR;
- Correspondence: (H.F.K.); (B.G.F.)
| | - Bryan Grieg Fry
- Venom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia; (H.S.); (K.B.); (J.S.D.)
- Correspondence: (H.F.K.); (B.G.F.)
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17
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Hung PH, Van Winkle LS, Williams CJ, Hunt PA, VandeVoort CA. Prenatal Bisphenol A Exposure Alters Epithelial Cell Composition in the Rhesus Macaque Fetal Oviduct. Toxicol Sci 2020; 167:450-457. [PMID: 30295897 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disrupting compound that is a pervasive environmental contaminant. Although it has been reported to affect the development of a variety of fetal reproductive tissues, data on the effect of fetal BPA exposure on oviducts were extremely limited and were only available in mice. To determine if there are adverse effects of gestational BPA exposure on fetal oviduct, we exposed pregnant rhesus macaques with female fetuses to oral or nonoral BPA during the last trimester of gestation (day 100 to term). After the treatment, fetal oviducts were collected for morphology evaluation. BPA exposure altered the percentages of different cell types (ciliated, nonciliated, and secretory) in the fetal oviduct and resulted in a significant high ciliated cell population in the BPA-exposed fetal oviduct. The distribution of ciliated cells on the epithelium in the BPA-exposed fetal oviduct was also altered. Gestational BPA exposure reduced the expression of mucosubstance and uteroglobin in secretory cells in the fetal oviduct. A comparison of the outcome of the fetal oviduct studies with similar outcomes previously reported in the lung from the same fetuses demonstrates that BPA exhibits opposite effects in these two organs. In conclusion, the BPA-associated alterations in the fetal oviduct could potentially affect the oviduct morphology and function later in life with a negative impact on fertility. The mechanisms of action of the differential response in the oviduct and the lung to BPA exposure require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Hsuan Hung
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine
| | - Laura S Van Winkle
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine.,Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Carmen J Williams
- Reproductive Medicine Group, Reproductive & Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Patricia A Hunt
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164
| | - Catherine A VandeVoort
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine
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18
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Chan SK, Pomés A, Hilger C, Davies JM, Mueller G, Kuehn A, Lopata AL, Gadermaier G, van Hage M, Raulf M, Goodman RE. Keeping Allergen Names Clear and Defined. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2600. [PMID: 31798576 PMCID: PMC6878850 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization/International Union of Immunological Societies (WHO/IUIS) Allergen Nomenclature Sub-Committee was established in 1986 by leading allergists to standardize names given to proteins that cause IgE-mediated reactions in humans. The Sub-Committee's objective is to assign unique names to allergens based on a critical analysis of confidentially submitted biochemical and clinical data from researchers, often prior to publication to preserve consistency. The Sub-Committee maintains and revises the database as the understanding of allergens evolves. This report summarizes recent developments that led to updates in classification of cockroach group 1 and 5 allergens to animal as well as environmental and occupational allergens. Interestingly, routes, doses, and frequency of exposure often affects allergenicity as does the biochemical properties of the proteins and similarity to self and other proteins. Information required by the Sub-Committee now is more extensive than previously as technology has improved. Identification of new allergens requires identification of the amino acid sequence and physical characteristics of the protein as well as demonstration of IgE binding from subjects verified by described clinical histories, proof of the presence of the protein in relevant exposure substances, and demonstration of biological activity (skin prick tests, activation of basophils, or mast cells). Names are assigned based on taxonomy with the abbreviation of genus and species and assignment of a number, which reflects the priority of discovery, but more often now, the relationships with homologous proteins in related species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanny K Chan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Anna Pomés
- INDOOR Biotechnologies, Inc. Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Christiane Hilger
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Janet M Davies
- Centre for Children's Health Research, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Geoffrey Mueller
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Annette Kuehn
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Andreas L Lopata
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Marianne van Hage
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Monika Raulf
- Institute of Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universitat Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Richard E Goodman
- Food Allergy Research and Resource Program, Deptartment of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, OR, United States
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Li J, Teng W, Yu Y, Hou X, Shan Z. Linkage Analysis of the Chromosome 5q31-33 Region Identifies JAKMIP2 as a Risk Factor for Graves' Disease in the Chinese Han Population. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:1439-1451. [PMID: 30796769 PMCID: PMC6397618 DOI: 10.12659/msm.911489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate susceptibility to Graves’s disease and the association with the 5q32–33.1 region on chromosome 5 in a Chinese Han population. Material/Methods Eighty Chinese Han multiplex families included first-degree and second-degree relatives with Graves’ disease. Eight microsatellite markers on chromosome 5 at the 5q32–33.1 region underwent linkage analysis and the association between the regions D5S1480–D5S2014 were studied. Results The maximal heterogeneity logarithm of the odds (HLOD) score of D5S2090 was 4.29 (α=0.42) and of D5S2014 was 4.01 (α=0.34). A nonparametric linkage (NPL) score of 3.14 (P<0.001) was found for D5S2014. The D5S1480–D5S2014 region on chromosome 5 was associated with Graves’ disease, with eight haplotype domains. There were significant differences in the sixth and eighth haplotype domains between patients with Graves’ disease compared with normal individuals. Tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the sixth and eighth haplotype domains showed that individuals with SNP62 (rs12653715 G/C) who were GG homozygous had a significantly increased risk of Graves’ disease compared GC heterozygous or CC homozygous individuals. The transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) indicated that SNP62 (rs12653715) and SNP63 (rs12653081) loci in the Janus kinase and microtubule interacting protein 2 (JAKMIP2) gene showed dominant transmission from heterozygous parents to the affected offspring, and SNPs in the secretoglobin family 3A member 2 (SCGB3A2) gene showed no transmission disequilibrium. The haplotype JAKMIP2-1 was identified as being particularly significant. Conclusions JAKMIP2 gene polymorphism require further study as potential risk factors for Graves’ disease in the Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Instituite of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland).,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Weiping Teng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Instituite of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Instituite of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland).,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Xin Hou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Instituite of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland).,Department of Geriatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Zhongyan Shan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Instituite of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
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Naizhen X, Kido T, Yokoyama S, Linnoila RI, Kimura S. Spatiotemporal Expression of Three Secretoglobin Proteins, SCGB1A1, SCGB3A1, and SCGB3A2, in Mouse Airway Epithelia. J Histochem Cytochem 2019; 67:453-463. [PMID: 30768367 DOI: 10.1369/0022155419829050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Secretoglobins (SCGBs) are cytokine-like small molecular weight secreted proteins with largely unknown biological functions. Three SCGB proteins, SCGB1A1, SCGB3A1, and SCGB3A2, are predominantly expressed in lung airways. To gain insight into the possible functional relationships among the SCGBs, their protein and mRNA expression patterns were examined in lungs during gestation and in adult mice, using Scgb3a1-null and Scgb3a2-null mice as negative controls, by immunohistochemistry and by qRT-PCR analysis, respectively. The three SCGBs exhibited unique spatiotemporal expression patterns during embryogenesis. The lack of Scgb3a1 or Scgb3a2 did not affect expression of the other Scgb genes as determined by mRNA measurements. Moreover, the lack of Scgb3a1 or Scgb3a2 did not affect development of the pulmonary neuroepithelial bodies during embryogenesis, while the lack of Scgb3a2 may have resulted in slightly fewer ciliated cells than in the wild-type. These results suggest that SCGB1A1, SCGB3A1, and SCGB3A2 each may possess its own unique biological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Naizhen
- Cell and Cancer Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.,Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Taketomo Kido
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.,Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigetoshi Yokoyama
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - R Ilona Linnoila
- Cell and Cancer Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Shioko Kimura
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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21
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Adams OJ, von Gunten S. Recent Advances in Experimental Allergy. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2018; 177:281-289. [PMID: 30423562 DOI: 10.1159/000494440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic disorders are on the rise and pose a great burden on society. A better understanding of the underlying mechanisms is required for the development of improved or novel therapeutic strategies. Here we aim to highlight recent advances in experimental allergy, with a particular focus on proposed treatment alternatives for airway disorders, atopic dermatitis, and food allergy. Furthermore, we discuss recent work focusing on molecular and cellular mechanisms that might offer candidates for future preventive or therapeutic intervention.
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22
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Pandey M, Sunil Kumar BV, Gupta K, Sethi RS, Kumar A, Verma R. Over-expression of mammaglobin-B in canine mammary tumors. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:184. [PMID: 29903015 PMCID: PMC6003043 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1507-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mammaglobin, a member of secretoglobin family has been recognized as a breast cancer associated protein. Though the exact function of the protein is not fully known, its expression has been reported to be upregulated in human breast cancer.We focused on studying the expression of mammaglobin-B gene and protein in canine mammary tumor (CMT) tissue. Expression of mammaglobin-B mRNA and protein were assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC), respectively. Results High levels of mammaglobin-B mRNA expression (6.663 ± 0.841times) was observed in CMT as compared to age and breed matched healthy controls. Further, expression of mammaglobin-B protein was detected in paraffin-embedded mammary tumor tissues from the same subjects by IHC. Mammaglobin-B protein was overexpressed only in 6.67% of healthy mammary glands while, a high level of its expression was scored in 76.7% of the CMT subjects. Moreover, no significant differences in terms of IHC score and qRT-PCR score with respect to CMT histotypes or tumor grades were observed, indicating that mammaglobin-B over-expression occurred irrespective of CMT types or grades. Conclusion Overall, significantly increased expression of mammaglobin-B protein was found in CMTs with respect to healthy mammary glands, which positively correlates to its transcript. These findings suggest that overexpression of mammaglobin-B is associated with tumors of canine mammary glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamta Pandey
- School of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - B V Sunil Kumar
- School of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India.
| | - Kuldip Gupta
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004, India
| | - Ram Saran Sethi
- School of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004, India
| | - Ramneek Verma
- School of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
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Another cat and mouse game: Deciphering the evolution of the SCGB superfamily and exploring the molecular similarity of major cat allergen Fel d 1 and mouse ABP using computational approaches. PLoS One 2018. [PMID: 29771985 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197618.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian secretoglobin (SCGB) superfamily contains functionally diverse members, among which the major cat allergen Fel d 1 and mouse salivary androgen-binding protein (ABP) display similar subunits. We searched for molecular similarities between Fel d 1 and ABP to examine the possibility that they play similar roles. We aimed to i) cluster the evolutionary relationships of the SCGB superfamily; ii) identify divergence patterns, structural overlap, and protein-protein docking between Fel d 1 and ABP dimers; and iii) explore the residual interaction between ABP dimers and steroid binding in chemical communication using computational approaches. We also report that the evolutionary tree of the SCGB superfamily comprises seven unique palm-like clusters, showing the evolutionary pattern and divergence time tree of Fel d 1 with 28 ABP paralogs. Three ABP subunits (A27, BG27, and BG26) share phylogenetic relationships with Fel d 1 chains. The Fel d 1 and ABP subunits show similarities in terms of sequence conservation, identical motifs and binding site clefts. Topologically equivalent positions were visualized through superimposition of ABP A27:BG27 (AB) and ABP A27:BG26 (AG) dimers on a heterodimeric Fel d 1 model. In docking, Fel d 1-ABP dimers exhibit the maximum surface binding ability of AG compared with that of AB dimers and the several polar interactions between ABP dimers with steroids. Hence, cat Fel d 1 is an ABP-like molecule in which monomeric chains 1 and 2 are the equivalent of the ABPA and ABPBG monomers, respectively. These findings suggest that the biological and molecular function of Fel d 1 is similar to that of ABP in chemical communication, possibly via pheromone and/or steroid binding.
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Durairaj R, Pageat P, Bienboire-Frosini C. Another cat and mouse game: Deciphering the evolution of the SCGB superfamily and exploring the molecular similarity of major cat allergen Fel d 1 and mouse ABP using computational approaches. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197618. [PMID: 29771985 PMCID: PMC5957422 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian secretoglobin (SCGB) superfamily contains functionally diverse members, among which the major cat allergen Fel d 1 and mouse salivary androgen-binding protein (ABP) display similar subunits. We searched for molecular similarities between Fel d 1 and ABP to examine the possibility that they play similar roles. We aimed to i) cluster the evolutionary relationships of the SCGB superfamily; ii) identify divergence patterns, structural overlap, and protein-protein docking between Fel d 1 and ABP dimers; and iii) explore the residual interaction between ABP dimers and steroid binding in chemical communication using computational approaches. We also report that the evolutionary tree of the SCGB superfamily comprises seven unique palm-like clusters, showing the evolutionary pattern and divergence time tree of Fel d 1 with 28 ABP paralogs. Three ABP subunits (A27, BG27, and BG26) share phylogenetic relationships with Fel d 1 chains. The Fel d 1 and ABP subunits show similarities in terms of sequence conservation, identical motifs and binding site clefts. Topologically equivalent positions were visualized through superimposition of ABP A27:BG27 (AB) and ABP A27:BG26 (AG) dimers on a heterodimeric Fel d 1 model. In docking, Fel d 1-ABP dimers exhibit the maximum surface binding ability of AG compared with that of AB dimers and the several polar interactions between ABP dimers with steroids. Hence, cat Fel d 1 is an ABP-like molecule in which monomeric chains 1 and 2 are the equivalent of the ABPA and ABPBG monomers, respectively. These findings suggest that the biological and molecular function of Fel d 1 is similar to that of ABP in chemical communication, possibly via pheromone and/or steroid binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Durairaj
- Department of Behavioral and Physiological Mechanisms of Adaptation (D-MPCA), Research Institute in Semiochemistry and Applied Ethology (IRSEA), APT, France
| | - Patrick Pageat
- Department of Semiochemicals Identification and Analogs Design (D-ISCA), Research Institute in Semiochemistry and Applied Ethology (IRSEA), APT, France
| | - Cécile Bienboire-Frosini
- Department of Behavioral and Physiological Mechanisms of Adaptation (D-MPCA), Research Institute in Semiochemistry and Applied Ethology (IRSEA), APT, France
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Taniuchi K, Tsuboi M, Sakaguchi M, Saibara T. Measurement of serum PODXL concentration for detection of pancreatic cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:1433-1445. [PMID: 29588598 PMCID: PMC5858829 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s155367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to investigate the use of podocalyxin (PODXL) and secretoglobin family 1D, member 2 (SCGB1D2) expressions in whole blood as diagnostic biomarkers to distinguish between patients with pancreatic cancer and control participants, in comparison with serum cancer antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), which is the current clinical standard. Patients and methods Flow cytometric analysis was performed to determine the expressions of PODXL and SCGB1D2 on the surface of cultured pancreatic cancer cells. Immunoblotting was performed to determine whether PODXL and SCGB1D2 were detectable in the media of cultured pancreatic cancer cells. A discovery-stage clinical study was performed in a cohort of 23 patients with pancreatic cancer and 51 control individuals without pancreatic disease who had been treated in the Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology at Kochi Medical School Hospital from April 2014 to January 2016. Serum PODXL and SCGB1D2 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results PODXL and SCGB1D2 accumulated in the protrusions of cultured pancreatic cancer cells, and they were detectable both on the cell surface and in the cultured media from these cells. The discovery-stage clinical study showed that the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.96 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.91–1.000) for PODXL, 0.80 (95% CI 0.67–0.94) for SCGB1D2, and 0.78 (95% CI 0.66–0.90) for CA19-9. The AUC for PODXL was thus significantly higher than that for CA19-9 (P = 0.006). The combination of SCGB1D2 with CA19-9 did not significantly increase the AUC (0.83; 95% CI 0.70–0.96) compared with the AUC for either SCGB1D2 or CA19-9 alone (P = 0.563). Conclusion PODXL may be a novel, non-invasive diagnostic biomarker for the detection of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Taniuchi
- Department of Endoscopic Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Makiko Tsuboi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Masahiko Sakaguchi
- Integrated Center for Advanced Medical Technologies, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan.,Cancer Prevention and Control Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Toshiji Saibara
- Department of Endoscopic Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
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Hassan EM, Willmore WG, McKay BC, DeRosa MC. In vitro selections of mammaglobin A and mammaglobin B aptamers for the recognition of circulating breast tumor cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14487. [PMID: 29101327 PMCID: PMC5670216 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13751-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammaglobin B (MGB2) and mammaglobin A (MGB1) are proteins expressed in metastatic breast cancers. The early detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in breast cancer patients is crucial to decrease mortality rate. Herein, novel aptamers were successfully selected and characterized against MGB2 and MGB1 proteins using a hybrid SELEX approach. The potential use of the selected aptamers in breast CTC detection was studied using spiked breast cancer cells in whole blood lysate. The results obtained from this study showed that the selected aptamers (MAMB1 and MAMA2) bind to their target breast cancer cell lines with high affinity (low nanomolar Kd values) and specificity. They also bind to their free recombinant target proteins and show minimal non-specific binding to normal and other cancer cell lines. Additionally, they were able to distinguish a low number of breast cancer cells spiked in whole blood lysate containing normal blood cells. The results obtained in this study indicate the great potential for the use of aptamers to detect MGB1 and MGB2 protein biomarkers, expressed on the surface of breast CTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman M Hassan
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique - Energie, Materiaux Telecommunication 1650 boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Quebec, J3X1S2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - William G Willmore
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Bruce C McKay
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Maria C DeRosa
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada.
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada.
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Clara Cell Protein Expression in Mechanically Ventilated Term and Preterm Infants with Respiratory Distress Syndrome and at Risk of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: A Pilot Study. Can Respir J 2017; 2017:8074678. [PMID: 28487624 PMCID: PMC5405359 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8074678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this pilot study was to determine Clara cell protein (CC16) concentration in bronchoalveolar lavages (BAL) fluid from full-term and preterm (<37 weeks' gestational age) neonates requiring respiratory support, having symptoms of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, and at risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). We hypothesized that CC16 may be predictive of BPD diagnosis regardless of gestational age. BAL fluid CC16 was measured by ELISA at birth and at day 7 of life. Both groups that developed BPD showed significantly decreased BAL fluid CC16 levels compared to those infants that did not develop the disease. CC16 positively correlated with diagnosis of BPD and negatively with the severity of the disease. These results suggest that BAL fluid CC16 levels may have a diagnostic value at day 7 for BPD in both term and preterm infants. This study demonstrates the potential utility of BAL fluid CC16 levels as a biomarker for BPD in term infants.
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Yoneda M, Xu L, Kajiyama H, Kawabe S, Paiz J, Ward JM, Kimura S. Secretoglobin Superfamily Protein SCGB3A2 Alleviates House Dust Mite-Induced Allergic Airway Inflammation in Mice. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2016; 171:36-44. [PMID: 27820933 PMCID: PMC5127774 DOI: 10.1159/000450788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secretoglobin (SCGB) 3A2, a novel, lung-enriched, cytokine-like, secreted protein of small molecular weight, was demonstrated to exhibit various biological functions including anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic and growth-factor activities. Anti-inflammatory activity was uncovered using the ovalbumin-induced allergic airway inflammation model. However, further validation of this activity using knockout mice in a different allergic inflammation model is necessary in order to establish the antiallergic inflammatory role for this protein. METHODS Scgb3a2-null (Scgb3a2-/-) mice were subjected to nasal inhalation of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus extract for 5 days/week for 5 consecutive weeks; control mice received nasal inhalation of saline as a comparator. Airway inflammation was assessed by histological analysis, the number of inflammatory cells and various Th2-type cytokine levels in the lungs and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids by qRT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. RESULTS Exacerbated inflammation was found in the airway of Scgb3a2-/- mice subjected to house dust mite (HDM)-induced allergic airway inflammation compared with saline-treated control groups. All the inflammation end points were increased in the Scgb3a2-/- mice. The Ccr4 and Ccl17 mRNA levels were higher in HDM-treated lungs of Scgb3a2-/- mice than wild-type mice or saline-treated Scgb3a2-/- mice, whereas no changes were observed for Ccr3 and Ccl11 mRNA levels. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that SCGB3A2 has an anti-inflammatory activity in the HDM-induced allergic airway inflammation model, in which SCGB3A2 may modulate the CCR4-CCL17 pathway. SCGB3A2 may provide a useful tool to treat allergic airway inflammation, and further studies on the levels and function of SCGB3A2 in asthmatic patients are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Yoneda
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Lei Xu
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Hiroaki Kajiyama
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 4668550, JAPAN
| | - Shuko Kawabe
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Jorge Paiz
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Jerrold M. Ward
- Global VetPathology, Montgomery Villiage, Maryland 20886, USA
| | - Shioko Kimura
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Secretoglobin 3A2 Exhibits Anti-Fibrotic Activity in Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis Model Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142497. [PMID: 26559674 PMCID: PMC4641653 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Secretoglobin (SCGB) 3A2 is a novel lung-enriched cytokine, previously shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory, growth factor, and anti-fibrotic activities. The latter activity was demonstrated using exogenously-administered recombinant SCGB3A2 in the bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis model. Whether SCGB3A2 exhibits anti-fibrotic activity in vivo is not known. METHODS Mice null for the Scgb3a2 gene were subjected to the BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis model, and the severity of pulmonary fibrosis determined using histological and biochemical methods. RESULTS BLM treatment caused weight loss of both Scgb3a2-null and wild-type mice, however, the loss was far more pronounced in BLM-treated Scgb3a2-null than wild-type mice, and the weight of day 21 of BLM-treated Scgb3a2-null mice was about half of that of BLM-treated wild-type mice. Hematoxylin & Eosin, Masson Trichrome, and Sirius Red staining of lung sections, Ashcroft fibrosis scores, hydroxyproline contents, and the levels of mRNAs encoding various collagens demonstrated that BLM-treated Scgb3a2-null mouse lungs had more severe fibrosis than those of wild-type mouse lungs. Total and differential inflammatory cell numbers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids, and levels of lung mRNAs including those encoding Th2 cytokines such as IL-4 and profibrotic cytokines such as TGFβ were higher in BLM-treated Scgb3a2-null mouse lungs as compared to those of wild-type mouse lungs. In contrast, mRNAs encoding surfactant proteins A, B, C, and D, and SCGB1A1 did not differ between BLM-treated Scgb3a2-null and wild-type mouse lungs. CONCLUSION The role of SCGB3A2 in fibrosis was revisited using Scgb3a2-null mice and littermate controls in the BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis model. The pulmonary fibrosis in the Scgb3a2-null mice was more severe than the wild-type controls, thus establishing that SCGB3A2 has anti-fibrotic activity in vivo. Importantly, surfactant proteins and SCGB1A1 appear not to be involved in the susceptibility of Scgb3a2-null mice to BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis.
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Cai Y, Yoneda M, Tomita T, Kurotani R, Okamoto M, Kido T, Abe H, Mitzner W, Guha A, Kimura S. Transgenically-expressed secretoglobin 3A2 accelerates resolution of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. BMC Pulm Med 2015; 15:72. [PMID: 26178733 PMCID: PMC4504078 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-015-0065-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Secretoglobin (SCGB) 3A2, a cytokine-like secretory protein of small molecular weight, is predominantly expressed in airway epithelial cells. While SCGB3A2 is known to have anti-inflammatory, growth factor, and anti-fibrotic activities, whether SCGB3A2 has any other roles, particularly in lung homeostasis and disease has not been demonstrated in vivo. The aim of this study was to address these questions in mice. Methods A transgenic mouse line that expresses SCGB3A2 in the lung using the human surfactant protein-C promoter was established. Detailed histological, immunohistochemical, physiological, and molecular characterization of the Scgb3a2-transgenic mouse lungs were carried out. Scgb3a2-transgenic and wild-type mice were subjected to bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis model, and their lungs and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids were collected at various time points during 9 weeks post-bleomycin treatment for further analysis. Results Adult Scgb3a2-transgenic mouse lungs expressed approximately five-fold higher levels of SCGB3A2 protein in comparison to wild-type mice as determined by western blotting of lung tissues. Immunohistochemistry showed that expression was localized to alveolar type II cells in addition to airway epithelial cells, thus accurately reflecting the site of surfactant protein-C expression. Scgb3a2-transgenic mice showed normal lung development and histology, and no overt gross phenotypes. However, when subjected to a bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis model, they initially exhibited exacerbated fibrosis at 3 weeks post-bleomycin administration that was more rapidly resolved by 6 weeks as compared with wild-type mice, as determined by lung histology, Masson Trichrome staining and hydroxyproline content, inflammatory cell numbers, expression of collagen genes, and proinflammatory cytokine levels. The decrease of fibrosis coincided with the increased expression of SCGB3A2 in Scgb3a2-transgenic lungs. Conclusions These results demonstrate that SCGB3A2 is an anti-fibrotic agent, and suggest a possible therapeutic use of recombinant SCGB3A2 in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12890-015-0065-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cai
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA. .,Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Mitsuhiro Yoneda
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Takeshi Tomita
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan.
| | - Reiko Kurotani
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA. .,Biochemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan.
| | - Minoru Okamoto
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA. .,Department of Veterinary Immunopathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, 069-8501, Japan.
| | - Taketomo Kido
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA. .,Laboratory of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Abe
- Biochemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan.
| | - Wayne Mitzner
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Arjun Guha
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
| | - Shioko Kimura
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Kurotani R, Shima R, Miyano Y, Sakahara S, Matsumoto Y, Shibata Y, Abe H, Kimura S. SCGB3A2 Inhibits Acrolein-Induced Apoptosis through Decreased p53 Phosphorylation. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2015; 48:61-8. [PMID: 26019375 PMCID: PMC4427566 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.14065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a major global health problem with increasing morbidity and mortality rates, is anticipated to become the third leading cause of death worldwide by 2020. COPD arises from exposure to cigarette smoke. Acrolein, which is contained in cigarette smoke, is the most important risk factor for COPD. It causes lung injury through altering apoptosis and causes inflammation by augmenting p53 phosphorylation and producing reactive oxygen species (ROS). Secretoglobin (SCGB) 3A2, a secretory protein predominantly present in the epithelial cells of the lungs and trachea, is a cytokine-like small molecule having anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, and growth factor activities. In this study, the effect of SCGB3A2 on acrolein-related apoptosis was investigated using the mouse fibroblast cell line MLg as the first step in determining the possible therapeutic value of SCGB3A2 in COPD. Acrolein increased the production of ROS and phosphorylation of p53 and induced apoptosis in MLg cells. While the extent of ROS production induced by acrolein was not affected by SCGB3A2, p53 phosphorylation was significantly decreased by SCGB3A2. These results demonstrate that SCGB3A2 inhibited acrolein-induced apoptosis through decreased p53 phosphorylation, not altered ROS levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Kurotani
- Biochemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University
| | - Reika Shima
- Biochemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University
| | - Yuki Miyano
- Biochemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University
| | - Satoshi Sakahara
- Biochemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University
| | - Yoshie Matsumoto
- Biochemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University
| | - Yoko Shibata
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine
| | - Hiroyuki Abe
- Biochemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University
| | - Shioko Kimura
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health
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Secretoglobin superfamily protein SCGB3A2 deficiency potentiates ovalbumin-induced allergic pulmonary inflammation. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:216465. [PMID: 25242865 PMCID: PMC4163287 DOI: 10.1155/2014/216465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Secretoglobin (SCGB) 3A2, a cytokine-like secretory protein of small molecular weight, which may play a role in lung inflammation, is predominantly expressed in airway epithelial cells. In order to understand the physiological role of SCGB3A2, Scgb3a2−/− mice were generated and characterized. Scgb3a2−/− mice did not exhibit any overt phenotypes. In ovalbumin- (OVA-) induced airway allergy inflammation model, Scgb3a2−/− mice in mixed background showed a decreased OVA-induced airway inflammation, while six times C57BL/6NCr backcrossed congenic Scgb3a2−/− mice showed a slight exacerbation of OVA-induced airway inflammation as compared to wild-type littermates. These results indicate that the loss of SCGB3A2 function was influenced by a modifier gene(s) in mixed genetic background and suggest that SCGB3A2 has anti-inflammatory property. The results further suggest the possible use of recombinant human SCGB3A2 as an anti-inflammatory agent.
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Côté O, Clark ME, Viel L, Labbé G, Seah SYK, Khan MA, Douda DN, Palaniyar N, Bienzle D. Secretoglobin 1A1 and 1A1A differentially regulate neutrophil reactive oxygen species production, phagocytosis and extracellular trap formation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96217. [PMID: 24777050 PMCID: PMC4002474 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Secretoglobin family 1A member 1 (SCGB 1A1) is a small protein mainly secreted by mucosal epithelial cells of the lungs and uterus. SCGB 1A1, also known as club (Clara) cell secretory protein, represents a major constituent of airway surface fluid. The protein has anti-inflammatory properties, and its concentration is reduced in equine recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) and human asthma. RAO is characterized by reversible airway obstruction, bronchoconstriction and neutrophilic inflammation. Direct effects of SCGB 1A1 on neutrophil functions are unknown. We have recently identified that the SCGB1A1 gene is triplicated in equids and gives rise to two distinct proteins. In this study we produced the endogenously expressed forms of SCGBs (SCGB 1A1 and 1A1A) as recombinant proteins, and analyzed their effects on reactive oxygen species production, phagocytosis, chemotaxis and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation ex vivo. We further evaluated whether NETs are present in vivo in control and inflamed lungs. Our data show that SCGB 1A1A but not SCGB 1A1 increase neutrophil oxidative burst and phagocytosis; and that both proteins markedly reduce neutrophil chemotaxis. SCGB 1A1A reduced chemotaxis significantly more than SCGB 1A1. NET formation was significantly reduced in a time- and concentration-dependent manner by SCGB 1A1 and 1A1A. SCGB mRNA in bronchial biopsies, and protein concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, was lower in horses with RAO. NETs were present in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from horses with exacerbated RAO, but not in fluid from horses with RAO in remission or in challenged healthy horses. These findings indicate that SCGB 1A1 and 1A1A have overlapping and diverging functions. Considering disparities in the relative abundance of SCGB 1A1 and 1A1A in airway secretions of animals with RAO suggests that these functional differences may contribute to the pathogenesis of RAO and other neutrophilic inflammatory lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Côté
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mary Ellen Clark
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laurent Viel
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Geneviève Labbé
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen Y. K. Seah
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Meraj A. Khan
- Program in Physiology and Experimental Medicine, Lung Innate Immunity Research Laboratory, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David N. Douda
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Program in Physiology and Experimental Medicine, Lung Innate Immunity Research Laboratory, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nades Palaniyar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Program in Physiology and Experimental Medicine, Lung Innate Immunity Research Laboratory, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dorothee Bienzle
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Acosta-Montesdeoca A, Zariñán T, Ulloa-Aguirre A, Gutiérrez-Sagal R. Estrogen-regulated transcription of the uteroglobin gene from the brown hare (Lepus capensis). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2014; 199:94-101. [PMID: 24480634 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
To get further insights on the estrogen regulation of the uteroglobin (UG) gene, the 5'-flanking region of the UG gene from the brown hare (Lepus capensis) (Lc) was cloned and compared with those from two phylogenetically related species: the rabbit (Orictolagus cuniculus) (Oc) and the volcano rabbit (Romerolagus diazi) (Rd). The Lc-UG gene is very similar to those from rabbits (94%) and volcano rabbits (95%), and shares a number of genetic elements, including an estrogen response element (ERE). The estrogen-regulated transcription of a series of progressive 5'-deletion mutants of the Lc-UG gene, identified a functional ERE in the promoter region exhibiting the same orientation and relative position than that previously described in rabbits. The Lc-ERE is identical to the Oc-ERE, but different from both the Rd-ERE and the consensus ERE (c-ERE) by one nucleotide. We also detected important species-specific differences in the estrogen-regulated transcription of the UG gene. A luciferase reporter driven by 333 base pairs (bp) of the Lc-UG promoter elicited a higher response to estradiol than its related counterparts when expressed in estrogen-sensitive MCF-7 cells. Several ERE-like motifs which failed to act as functional EREs were also identified; one of them exhibited two mismatches in its palindromic sequence, a characteristic exhibited in many other natural occurring EREs, including the Rd-ERE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Acosta-Montesdeoca
- Research Unit in Reproductive Medicine, Hospital de Gineco-Obstetricia No. 4, Dr. Luis Castelazo Ayala, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Río Magdalena 289 sexto piso, Col. Tizapán San Ángel, C.P. 01090 México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Teresa Zariñán
- Research Unit in Reproductive Medicine, Hospital de Gineco-Obstetricia No. 4, Dr. Luis Castelazo Ayala, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Río Magdalena 289 sexto piso, Col. Tizapán San Ángel, C.P. 01090 México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Alfredo Ulloa-Aguirre
- Research Unit in Reproductive Medicine, Hospital de Gineco-Obstetricia No. 4, Dr. Luis Castelazo Ayala, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Río Magdalena 289 sexto piso, Col. Tizapán San Ángel, C.P. 01090 México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Rubén Gutiérrez-Sagal
- Research Unit in Reproductive Medicine, Hospital de Gineco-Obstetricia No. 4, Dr. Luis Castelazo Ayala, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Río Magdalena 289 sexto piso, Col. Tizapán San Ángel, C.P. 01090 México, D.F., Mexico.
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Differential expression of secretoglobins in normal ovary and in ovarian carcinoma – Overexpression of mammaglobin-1 is linked to tumor progression. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 547:27-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Cai Y, Winn ME, Zehmer JK, Gillette WK, Lubkowski JT, Pilon AL, Kimura S. Preclinical evaluation of human secretoglobin 3A2 in mouse models of lung development and fibrosis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2013; 306:L10-22. [PMID: 24213919 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00037.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Secretoglobin (SCGB) 3A2 is a member of the SCGB gene superfamily of small secreted proteins, predominantly expressed in lung airways. We hypothesize that human SCGB3A2 may exhibit anti-inflammatory, growth factor, and antifibrotic activities and be of clinical utility. Recombinant human SCGB3A2 was expressed, purified, and biochemically characterized as a first step to its development as a therapeutic agent in clinical settings. Human SCGB3A2, as well as mouse SCGB3A2, readily formed a dimer in solution and exhibited novel phospholipase A2 inhibitory activity. This is the first demonstration of any quantitative biochemical measurement for the evaluation of SCGB3A2 protein. In the mouse as an experimental animal, human SCGB3A2 exhibited growth factor activity by promoting embryonic lung development in both ex vivo and in vivo systems and antifibrotic activity in the bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis model. The results suggested that human SCGB3A2 can function as a growth factor and an antifibrotic agent in humans. When SCGB3A2 was administered to pregnant female mice through the tail vein, the protein was detected in the dam's serum and lung, as well as the placenta, amniotic fluids, and embryonic lungs at 10 min postadministration, suggesting that SCGB3A2 readily crosses the placenta. The results warrant further development of recombinant SCGB3A2 as a therapeutic agent in treating patients suffering from lung diseases or preterm infants with respiratory distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cai
- Bldg. 37, Rm. 3106, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
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Nekaris KAI, Moore RS, Rode EJ, Fry BG. Mad, bad and dangerous to know: the biochemistry, ecology and evolution of slow loris venom. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2013; 19:21. [PMID: 24074353 PMCID: PMC3852360 DOI: 10.1186/1678-9199-19-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Only seven types of mammals are known to be venomous, including slow lorises (Nycticebus spp.). Despite the evolutionary significance of this unique adaptation amongst Nycticebus, the structure and function of slow loris venom is only just beginning to be understood. Here we review what is known about the chemical structure of slow loris venom. Research on a handful of captive samples from three of eight slow loris species reveals that the protein within slow loris venom resembles the disulphide-bridged heterodimeric structure of Fel-d1, more commonly known as cat allergen. In a comparison of N. pygmaeus and N. coucang, 212 and 68 compounds were found, respectively. Venom is activated by combining the oil from the brachial arm gland with saliva, and can cause death in small mammals and anaphylactic shock and death in humans. We examine four hypotheses for the function of slow loris venom. The least evidence is found for the hypothesis that loris venom evolved to kill prey. Although the venom's primary function in nature seems to be as a defense against parasites and conspecifics, it may also serve to thwart olfactory-orientated predators. Combined with numerous other serpentine features of slow lorises, including extra vertebra in the spine leading to snake-like movement, serpentine aggressive vocalisations, a long dark dorsal stripe and the venom itself, we propose that venom may have evolved to mimic cobras (Naja sp.). During the Miocene when both slow lorises and cobras migrated throughout Southeast Asia, the evolution of venom may have been an adaptive strategy against predators used by slow lorises as a form of Müllerian mimicry with spectacled cobras.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard S Moore
- Nocturnal Primate Research Group, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
- International Animal Rescue, Ciapus, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - E Johanna Rode
- Nocturnal Primate Research Group, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Bryan G Fry
- Venom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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Nilsson OB, van Hage M, Grönlund H. Mammalian-derived respiratory allergens - implications for diagnosis and therapy of individuals allergic to furry animals. Methods 2013; 66:86-95. [PMID: 24041755 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Furry animals cause respiratory allergies in a significant proportion of the population. A majority of all mammalian allergens are spread as airborne particles, and several have been detected in environments where furry animals are not normally kept. The repertoire of allergens from each source belongs to a restricted number of allergen families. Classification of allergen families is particularly important for the characterization of allergenicity and cross-reactivity of allergens. In fact, major mammalian allergens are taken from only three protein families, i.e. the secretoglobin, lipocalin and kallikrein families. In particular, the lipocalin superfamily harbours major allergens in all important mammalian allergen sources, and cross-reactivity between lipocalin allergens may explain cross-species sensitization between mammals. The identification of single allergen components is of importance to improve diagnosis and therapy of allergic patients using component-resolved diagnostics and allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) respectively. Major disadvantages with crude allergen extracts for these applications emphasize the benefits of careful characterization of individual allergens. Furthermore, detailed knowledge of the characteristics of an allergen is crucial to formulate attenuated allergy vaccines, e.g. hypoallergens. The diverse repertoires of individual allergens from different mammalian species influence the diagnostic potential and clinical efficacy of ASIT to furry animals. As such, detailed knowledge of individual allergens is essential for adequate clinical evaluation. This review compiles current knowledge of the allergen families of mammalian species, and discusses how this information may be used for improved diagnosis and therapy of individuals allergic to mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola B Nilsson
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Immunology and Allergy Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Biomembrane Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marianne van Hage
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Immunology and Allergy Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans Grönlund
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Therapeutic Immune Design Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Secretoglobin expression in ovarian carcinoma: lipophilin B gene upregulation as an independent marker of better prognosis. J Transl Med 2013; 11:162. [PMID: 23819652 PMCID: PMC3706350 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-11-162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to investigate within ovarian carcinoma and normal ovarian biopsies the gene expression of multiple secretoglobin family members relative to mammaglobin B, which we previously reported as a promising novel ovarian carcinoma prognostic marker. METHODS Using quantitative real-time Reverse Transcription PCR we tested 53 ovarian carcinoma and 30 normal ovaries for the expression of 8 genes belonging to the secretoglobin family: mammaglobin A, lipophilin A, lipophilin B, uteroglobin, HIN-1, UGRP-1, RYD5 and IIS. Next, we decided to expand the LipB gene expression analysis to a further 48 ovarian carcinoma samples, for a total of 101 tumor tissues of various histologies and to study its protein expression by immunohistochemistry in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumors and normal ovaries. Finally, we correlated lipophilin B gene and protein expression to conventional patient clinico-pathological features and outcome. RESULTS We found significant mammaglobin A, lipophilin A, lipophilin B and RYD5 gene overexpression in ovarian carcinomas compared to normal ovaries. Lipophilin B mRNA showed a higher presence in tumors (75.4%) compared to normal ovaries (16.6%) and the most significant correlation with mammaglobin B mRNA (rs =0.77, p < 0.001). By immunohistochemical analysis, we showed higher lipophilin B expression in the cytoplasm of tumor cells compared to normal ovaries (p < 0.001). Moreover, lipophilin B gene overexpression was significantly associated with serous histology (serous vs clear cell p = 0.027; serous vs undifferentiated p = 0.007) and lower tumor grade (p = 0.02). Lower LipB mRNA levels (low versus high tertiles) were associated to a shorter progression-free (p = 0.03, HR = 2.2) and disease-free survival (p = 0.02, HR = 2.5) by univariate survival analysis and, importantly, they remain an independent prognostic marker for decreased disease-free (p = 0.001, HR = 3.9) and progression-free survival (p = 0.004, HR = 2.8) in multivariate Cox regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS The present study represents the first quantitative evaluation of secretoglobin gene expression in normal and neoplastic ovarian tissues. Our results demonstrate lipophilin B gene and protein upregulation in ovarian carcinoma compared to normal ovary. Moreover, lipophilin B gene overexpression correlates with a less aggressive tumor phenotype and represents a novel ovarian carcinoma prognostic factor.
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Evolution of the ABPA subunit of androgen-binding protein expressed in the submaxillary glands in New and Old World rodent taxa. J Mol Evol 2013; 76:324-31. [PMID: 23636475 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-013-9561-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The salivary androgen-binding proteins (ABPs) are members of the secretoglobin gene family present in mammals. Each ABP is a heterodimer assembled as an ABPA subunit encoded by an Abpa gene and linked by disulfide bridges to an ABPBG subunit encoded by an Abpbg gene. The ABP dimers are secreted into the saliva of mice and then transferred to the pelage after grooming and subsequently to the environment allowing an animal to mark territory with a biochemical signal. The putative role of the mouse salivary ABPs is that of pheromones mediating mate selection resulting in assortative mating in the Mus musculus species complex. We focused on comparing patterns of molecular evolution between the Abpa genes expressed in the submaxillary glands of species of New World and Old World muroids. We found that in both sets of rodents the Abpa genes expressed in the submaxillary glands appear to be evolving under a similar evolutionary regime, with relatively high nonsynonymous substitution rates, suggesting that ABP might play a similar biological role in both systems. Thus, ABP could be involved with mate recognition and species isolation in New World as well as Old World muroids.
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Côté O, Lillie BN, Hayes MA, Clark ME, van den Bosch L, Katavolos P, Viel L, Bienzle D. Multiple secretoglobin 1A1 genes are differentially expressed in horses. BMC Genomics 2012; 13:712. [PMID: 23253434 PMCID: PMC3556144 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Secretoglobin 1A1 (SCGB 1A1), also called Clara cell secretory protein, is the most abundantly secreted protein of the airway. The SCGB1A1 gene has been characterized in mammals as a single copy in the genome. However, analysis of the equine genome suggested that horses might have multiple SCGB1A1 gene copies. Non-ciliated lung epithelial cells produce SCGB 1A1 during inhalation of noxious substances to counter airway inflammation. Airway fluid and lung tissue of horses with recurrent airway obstruction (RAO), a chronic inflammatory lung disease affecting mature horses similar to environmentally induced asthma of humans, have reduced total SCGB 1A1 concentration. Herein, we investigated whether horses have distinct expressed SCGB1A1 genes; whether the transcripts are differentially expressed in tissues and in inflammatory lung disease; and whether there is cell specific protein expression in tissues. Results We identified three SCGB1A1 gene copies on equine chromosome 12, contained within a 512-kilobase region. Bioinformatic analysis showed that SCGB1A1 genes differ from each other by 8 to 10 nucleotides, and that they code for different proteins. Transcripts were detected for SCGB1A1 and SCGB1A1A, but not for SCGB1A1P. The SCGB1A1P gene had most inter-individual variability and contained a non-sense mutation in many animals, suggesting that SCGB1A1P has evolved into a pseudogene. Analysis of SCGB1A1 and SCGB1A1A sequences by endpoint-limiting dilution PCR identified a consistent difference affecting 3 bp within exon 2, which served as a gene-specific “signature”. Assessment of gene- and organ-specific expression by semiquantitative RT-PCR of 33 tissues showed strong expression of SCGB1A1 and SCGB1A1A in lung, uterus, Fallopian tube and mammary gland, which correlated with detection of SCGB 1A1 protein by immunohistochemistry. Significantly altered expression of the ratio of SCGB1A1A to SCGB1A1 was detected in RAO-affected animals compared to controls, suggesting different roles for SCGB 1A1 and SCGB 1A1A in this inflammatory condition. Conclusions This is the first report of three SCGB1A1 genes in a mammal. The two expressed genes code for proteins predicted to differ in function. Alterations in the gene expression ratio in RAO suggest cell and tissue specific regulation and functions. These findings may be important for understanding of lung and reproductive conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Côté
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Stone Road, Guelph, ON, Canada
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Zehentner BK, Secrist H, Hayes DC, Zhang X, Ostenson RC, Loop S, Goodman G, Houghton RL, Persing DH. Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells in Peripheral Blood of Breast Cancer Patients During or After Therapy Using a Multigene Real-Time RT-PCR Assay. Mol Diagn Ther 2012; 10:41-7. [PMID: 16646576 DOI: 10.1007/bf03256441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the utility of a multigene real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay to detect circulating tumor cells in peripheral blood specimens of breast cancer patients during or after treatment. METHOD Using this assay, peripheral blood samples were analyzed for expression levels of mammaglobin and three complementary transcribed breast cancer-specific genes: B305D, gamma-aminobutyrate type A receptor pi subunit (GABA pi; GABRP), and B726P. We examined 172 blood specimens from 82 breast cancer patients during or after therapy for the presence of circulating tumor cells using the multigene real-time RT-PCR assay. RESULTS In 63.4% of the blood samples, a positive signal for mammaglobin and/or three breast cancer-associated gene transcripts was detected. Of breast cancer patients, 75.6% had at least one positive blood sample. Blood specimens from 51 of 53 healthy female volunteers tested negative in the assay whereas two samples had a low expression signal. In addition, three patients were monitored for more than a year during their adjuvant therapy treatment. CONCLUSION This assay could be a valuable tool for monitoring breast cancer patients during and after therapy.
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Jackson BC, Thompson DC, Wright MW, McAndrews M, Bernard A, Nebert DW, Vasiliou V. Update of the human secretoglobin (SCGB) gene superfamily and an example of 'evolutionary bloom' of androgen-binding protein genes within the mouse Scgb gene superfamily. Hum Genomics 2012; 5:691-702. [PMID: 22155607 PMCID: PMC3251818 DOI: 10.1186/1479-7364-5-6-691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The secretoglobins (SCGBs) comprise a family of small, secreted proteins found in animals exclusively of mammalian lineage. There are 11 human SCGB genes and five pseudogenes. Interestingly, mice have 68 Scgb genes, four of which are highly orthologous to human SCGB genes; the remainder represent an 'evolutionary bloom' and make up a large gene family represented by only six counterparts in humans. SCGBs are found in high concentrations in many mammalian secretions, including fluids of the lung, lacrimal gland, salivary gland, prostate and uterus. Whereas the biological activities of most individual SCGBs have not been fully characterised, what already has been discovered suggests that this family has an important role in the modulation of inflammation, tissue repair and tumorigenesis. In mice, the large Scgb1b and Scgb2b gene families encode the androgen-binding proteins, which have been shown to play a role in mate selection. Although much has been learned about SCGBs in recent years, clearly more research remains to be done to allow a better understanding of the roles of these proteins in human health and disease. Such information is predicted to reveal valuable novel drug targets for the treatment of inflammation, as well as designing biomarkers that might identify tissue damage or cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C Jackson
- Molecular Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences Program, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Merigo F, Mucignat-Caretta C, Cristofoletti M, Zancanaro C. Epithelial membrane transporters expression in the developing to adult mouse vomeronasal organ and olfactory mucosa. Dev Neurobiol 2012; 71:854-69. [PMID: 21721139 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.20944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
To contribute clarifying mechanisms operating in nose chemosensory epithelia and their developmental patterns, we analyzed the expression of different epithelial membrane transporters as well as the Clara cell secretory protein, CC26 in the olfactory, vomeronasal organ (VNO), and respiratory epithelia of embryonic (E13-E19) and postnatal (P1-P60) mice by means of immunohistochemistry and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Results showed that CC26, cAMP-activated chloride channel (CFTR), and the water channel protein aquaporin 2, 3, 4, and 5 (AQP2, AQP3, AQP4, and AQP5) are expressed in developing to adult chemosensory epithelia with differential timing; moreover, their pattern of expression is not identical in VNO and olfactory epithelia as well as the corresponding associated glands; co-localization experiments using olfactory marker protein showed that CFTR, CC26, and AQP4 are not expressed in olfactory neurones. CFTR is expressed in sustentacular cells of the VNO and olfactory epithelium as well as blood vessels of the underlying mucosa, and VNO (but not Bowman's) glands; a similar pattern (excluding blood vessels) is present for AQP2; AQP4 is found in the two chemosensory epithelia and in Bowman's glands. AQP3 is expressed in the olfactory epithelium and the associated Bowman's glands, but not in the VNO chemosensory epithelium and glands. AQP5 is expressed in the olfactory epithelium and both Bowman's and VNO glands. These results indicate that water/ions handling as well as antioxidant mechanisms operating at the surface and/or inside the nose chemosensory epithelia start developing in utero and are maintained up to sexual maturity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Merigo
- Department of Neurological, Neuropsychological, Morphological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, Verona I-37134, Italy
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AKT signaling pathway activated by HIN-1 methylation in non-small cell lung cancer. Tumour Biol 2011; 33:307-14. [PMID: 22095135 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-011-0266-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to determine the epigenetic changes and function of High in Normal-1 (HIN-1) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). HIN-1 expression was examined by semiquantitative RT-PCR before and after 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza) treatment in NSCLC cell lines. Promoter methylation status of HIN-1 was tested by methylation-specific PCR (MSP). Effect of forced expression of HIN-1 on different key molecules of AKT signaling pathway was tested by Western Blot analysis in H157 and H23 cell lines. Promoter methylations are inversely correlated with expression of HIN-1 in eight (H23, H157, 95D, H1299, H358, H1752, H460, A549) of ten NSCLC cell lines and re-expression was observed by 5-aza treatment. We then tested promoter methylation of HIN-1 in primary NSCLC tissues. Methylation was detected in 73 out of 152 (48%) NSCLC cases. Forced expression of HIN-1 in NSCLC cell lines inhibited colony formation and induce apoptosis. Furthermore, overexpression of HIN-1 reduces the expression of phosphorated-AKT (p-AKT), c-myc, Bcl-2 and cyclinD1 while Bax was increased. Our data suggest that HIN-1 is a potential tumor suppressor gene in NSCLC, silenced by promoter hypermethylation and negatively regulate AKT signaling pathway.
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Bienboire-Frosini C, Cozzi A, Lafont-Lecuelle C, Vervloet D, Ronin C, Pageat P. Immunological differences in the global release of the major cat allergen Fel d 1 are influenced by sex and behaviour. Vet J 2011; 193:162-7. [PMID: 22044714 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2011.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Revised: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The biological function of Fel d 1, the major cat allergen released in the environment, is still unclear despite studies suggesting a putative role in chemical communication. Structural and immunological polymorphisms of Fel d 1 have been described. This study examined how Fel d 1 immunological polymorphism may have a physiological origin by estimating a potential relationship with the sex of cats and cat-human interactions. Samples from bath washes of 21 cats were screened to study antibody binding to Fel d 1 using an ELISA. Personality and Tolerance Handling scores were used to assess the behaviour of the cats. In the washes, Fel d 1 concentrations were significantly lower in females than in males (P<0.05). Slopes from the ELISA dose-dependent curves varied among the cats: males secreted Fel d 1 variants with higher antibody recognition than females (P<0.01). Females that were aggressive and difficult to handle displayed a diminished slope value, and therefore a weaker Fel d 1 immunoreactivity in global washes, compared to females that were sociable (P=0.09) and easy to handle (P=0.07). This study shows a variable immunological polymorphism of Fel d 1 within a cat population, particularly between males and females, and this polymorphism appears to be related to cat-human interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Bienboire-Frosini
- IRSEA (Research Institute in Semiochemistry and Applied Ethology), Le Rieu Neuf, St. Saturnin d'Apt, France
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Kurotani R, Okumura S, Matsubara T, Yokoyama U, Buckley JR, Tomita T, Kezuka K, Nagano T, Esposito D, Taylor TE, Gillette WK, Ishikawa Y, Abe H, Ward JM, Kimura S. Secretoglobin 3A2 suppresses bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by transforming growth factor beta signaling down-regulation. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:19682-92. [PMID: 21478551 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.239046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
With increasing worldwide rates of morbidity and mortality of pulmonary fibrosis, the development of effective therapeutics for this disease is of great interest. Secretoglobin (SCGB) 3A2, a novel cytokine-like molecule predominantly expressed in pulmonary airways epithelium, exhibits anti-inflammatory and growth factor activities. In the current study SCGB3A2 was found to inhibit TGFβ-induced differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, a hallmark of the fibrogenic process, using pulmonary fibroblasts isolated from adult mice. This induction was through increased phosphorylation of STAT1 and expression of SMAD7 and decreased phosphorylation of SMAD2 and SMAD3. To demonstrate the effect of SCGB3A2 on the TGFβ signaling in vivo, a bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis mouse model was used. Mice were administered bleomycin intratracheally followed by intravenous injection of recombinant SCGB3A2. Histological examination in conjunction with inflammatory cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids demonstrated that SCGB3A2 suppressed bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Microarray analysis was carried out using RNAs from lungs of bleomycin-treated mice with or without SCGB3A2 and normal mice treated with SCGB3A2. The results demonstrated that SCGB3A2 affects TGFβ signaling and reduces the expression of genes involved in fibrosis. This study suggests the potential utility of SCGB3A2 for targeting TGFβ signaling in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Kurotani
- Laboratory of Metabolism, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Friel AM, Corcoran C, Crown J, O'Driscoll L. Relevance of circulating tumor cells, extracellular nucleic acids, and exosomes in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2010; 123:613-25. [PMID: 20549336 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-010-0980-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Accepted: 06/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Early detection of cancer is vital to improved overall survival rates. At present, evidence is accumulating for the clinical value of detecting occult tumor cells in peripheral blood, plasma, and serum specimens from cancer patients. Both molecular and cellular approaches, which differ in sensitivity and specificity, have been used for such means. Circulating tumor cells and extracellular nucleic acids have been detected within blood, plasma, and sera of cancer patients. As the presence of malignant tumors are clinically determined and/or confirmed upon biopsy procurement-which in itself may have detrimental effects in terms of stimulating cancer progression/metastases-minimally invasive methods would be highly advantageous to the diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer and the subsequent tailoring of targeted treatments for individuals, if reliable panels of biomarkers suitable for such an approach exist. Herein, we review the current advances made in the detection of such circulating tumor cells and nucleic acids, with particular emphasis on extracellular nucleic acids, specifically extracellular mRNAs and discuss their clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Friel
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Molecular Therapeutics for Cancer Ireland, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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50
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Kurotani R, Kumaki N, Naizhen X, Ward JM, Linnoila RI, Kimura S. Secretoglobin 3A2/uteroglobin-related protein 1 is a novel marker for pulmonary carcinoma in mice and humans. Lung Cancer 2010; 71:42-8. [PMID: 20466451 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2010.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2009] [Revised: 02/06/2010] [Accepted: 04/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Secretoglobin (SCGB) 3A2, also called uteroglobin-related protein (UGRP) 1, is a downstream target for a homeodomain transcription factor NKX2-1, which is critical for the development of lung, thyroid and ventral forebrain. Both SCGB3A2 and NKX2-1 are expressed in airway epithelial cells and the latter also in alveolar Type II cells. NKX2-1 has been used clinically for diagnosis of human pulmonary tumors. Recently, the expression of SCGB3A2 was reported in human carcinomas, suggesting the use of this protein as a tumor marker. In this study, 28 lung tumors from aging B6;129 mice and nine lung adenocarcinomas from CC10TAg transgenic mice that express SV40 large T antigen under the mouse Scgb1a1 (CC10) gene promoter, were subjected to histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses for the expression of NKX2-1 and SCGB3A2. NKX2-1 was expressed in all types of tumors albeit more focally in carcinomas. In contrast, SCGB3A2 normally expressed in Clara cells, was negative in Type II cell hyperplasias and adenomas. However, it was expressed in alveolar Type II cell carcinomas and Clara cell adenocarcinomas. In these carcinomas, SCGB3A2 expression was observed in the portion of the tumor where NKX2-1 expression was reduced or almost abolished. As a comparison, the expression of SCGB3A2 and NKX2-1 from 23 human non-small cell lung carcinoma specimens was also examined. The results demonstrate that SCGB3A2 is a useful marker for diagnosis of pulmonary tumors both in mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Kurotani
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
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