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Snider MH, Helgen KM, Young HS, Agwanda B, Schuttler S, Titcomb GC, Branch D, Dommain R, Kays R. Shifting mammal communities and declining species richness along an elevational gradient on Mount Kenya. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11151. [PMID: 38601855 PMCID: PMC11004549 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Conservation areas encompassing elevation gradients are biodiversity hotspots because they contain a wide range of habitat types in a relatively small space. Studies of biodiversity patterns along elevation gradients, mostly on small mammal or bird species, have documented a peak in diversity at mid elevations. Here, we report on a field study of medium and large mammals to examine the impact of elevation, habitat type, and gross primary productivity on community structure. Species richness was observed using a camera trap transect with 219 sites situated across different habitat types from 2329 to 4657 m above the sea level on the western slope of Mt Kenya, the second highest mountain in Africa. We found that the lowest elevation natural habitats had the highest species richness and relative abundance and that both metrics decreased steadily as elevation increased, paralleling changes in gross primary productivity, and supporting the energy richness hypothesis. We found no evidence for the mid-domain effect on species diversity. The lowest elevation degraded Agro-Forestry lands adjacent to the National Park had high activity of domestic animals and reduced diversity and abundance of native species. The biggest difference in community structure was between protected and unprotected areas, followed by more subtle stepwise differences between habitats at different elevations. Large carnivore species remained relatively consistent but dominant herbivore species shifted along the elevation gradient. There was some habitat specialization and turnover in species, such that the elevation gradient predicts a high diversity of species, demonstrating the high conservation return for protecting mountain ecosystems for biodiversity conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew H. Snider
- Department of Forestry and Environmental ResourcesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | | | - Hillary S. Young
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine BiologyUniversity of California Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraCaliforniaUSA
| | | | | | - Georgia C. Titcomb
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation BiologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Douglas Branch
- Department of Applied SciencesUniversity of the West of EnglandBristolUK
| | - René Dommain
- Earth Observatory of SingaporeNanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore
- National Museum of Natural HistorySmithsonian InstitutionWashingtonDCUSA
| | - Roland Kays
- Department of Forestry and Environmental ResourcesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
- North Carolina Museum of Natural SciencesRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
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2
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Wei D, Tao J, Wang Z, Zhao H, Zhao W, Wang X. Elevation-dependent pattern of net CO 2 uptake across China. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2489. [PMID: 38509103 PMCID: PMC10954722 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46930-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The elevation gradient has long been known to be vital in shaping the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems, but little is known about the elevation-dependent pattern of net CO2 uptake, denoted by net ecosystem productivity (NEP). Here, by analyzing data from 203 eddy covariance sites across China, we report a negative linear elevation-dependent pattern of NEP, collectively shaped by varying hydrothermal factors, nutrient supply, and ecosystem types. Furthermore, the NEP shows a higher temperature sensitivity in high-elevation environments (3000-5000 m) compared with the lower-elevation environments (<3000 m). Model ensemble and satellite-based observations consistently reveal more rapid relative changes in NEP in high-elevation environments during the last four decades. Machine learning also predicts a stronger relative increase in high-elevation environments, whereas less change is expected at lower elevations. We therefore conclude a varying elevation-dependent pattern of the NEP of terrestrial ecosystems in China, although there is significant uncertainty involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Engineering Safety, Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Jing Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Engineering Safety, Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Engineering Safety, Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Engineering Safety, Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Engineering Safety, Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Engineering Safety, Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China.
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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3
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Chen X, Li J, Peñuelas J, Li X, Hu D, Wang M, Zhong Q, Cheng D. Temperature dependence of carbon metabolism in the leaves in sun and shade in a subtropical forest. Oecologia 2024; 204:59-69. [PMID: 38091103 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05487-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Rising temperatures pose a threat to the stability of climate regulation by carbon metabolism in subtropical forests. Although the effects of temperature on leaf carbon metabolism traits in sun-exposed leaves are well understood, there is limited knowledge about its impacts on shade leaves and the implications for ecosystem-climate feedbacks. In this study, we measured temperature response curves of photosynthesis and respiration for 62 woody species in summer (including both evergreen and deciduous species) and 20 evergreen species in winter. The aim was to uncover the temperature dependence of carbon metabolism in both sun and shade leaves in subtropical forests. Our findings reveal that shade had no significant effects on the mean optimum photosynthetic temperatures (TOpt) or temperature range (T90). However, there were decreases observed in mean stomatal conductance, mean area-based photosynthetic rates at TOpt and 25 °C, as well as mean area-based dark respiration rates at 25 °C in both evergreen and deciduous species. Moreover, the respiration-temperature sensitivity (Q10) of sun leaves was higher than that of shade leaves in winter, with the reverse being true in summer. Leaf economics spectrum traits, such as leaf mass per area, and leaf concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus across species, proved to be good predictors of TOpt, T90, mass-based photosynthetic rate at TOpt, and mass-based photosynthetic and respiration rate at 25 °C. However, Q10 was poorly predicted by these leaf economics spectrum traits except for shade leaves in winter. Our results suggest that model estimates of carbon metabolism in multilayered subtropical forest canopies do not necessitate independent parameterization of T90 and TOpt temperature responses in sun and shade leaves. Nevertheless, a deeper understanding and quantification of canopy variations in Q10 responses to temperature are necessary to confirm the generality of temperature-carbon metabolism trait responses and enhance ecosystem model estimates of carbon dynamics under future climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Process (Ministry of Education), College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Tourism, Resources and Environment, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jinlong Li
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Process (Ministry of Education), College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- Global Ecology Unit, CSIC, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Xueqin Li
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Process (Ministry of Education), College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dandan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Process (Ministry of Education), College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mantang Wang
- College of Tourism, Resources and Environment, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong, China
| | - Quanlin Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Process (Ministry of Education), College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dongliang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Process (Ministry of Education), College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China.
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4
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Castillo-Figueroa D, González-Melo A, Posada JM. Wood density is related to aboveground biomass and productivity along a successional gradient in upper Andean tropical forests. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1276424. [PMID: 38023915 PMCID: PMC10665531 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1276424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Wood density (WD) is a key functional trait related to ecological strategies and ecosystem carbon dynamics. Despite its importance, there is a considerable lack of information on WD in tropical Andean forests, particularly regarding its relationship with forest succession and ecosystem carbon cycling. Here, we quantified WD in 86 upper Andean tree and shrub species in central Colombia, with the aim of determining how WD changes with forest succession and how it is related to productivity. We hypothesized that WD will increase with succession because early successional forests will be colonized by acquisitive species, which typically have low WD, while the shaded understory of older forests should favor higher WD. We measured WD in 481 individuals from 27 shrub and 59 tree species, and quantified aboveground biomass (AGB), canopy height, net primary production (NPP) and species composition and abundance in 14, 400-m2, permanent plots. Mean WD was 0.513 ± 0.114 (g/cm3), with a range between 0.068 and 0.718 (g/cm3). Shrubs had, on average, higher WD (0.552 ± 0.095 g/cm3) than trees (0.488 ± 0.104 g/cm3). Community weighted mean WD (CWMwd) decreased with succession (measured as mean canopy height, AGB, and basal area); CWMwd also decreased with aboveground NPP and stem growth. In contrast, the percentage of NPP attributed to litter and the percent of shrubs in plots increased with CWMwd. Thus, our hypothesis was not supported because early successional forests had higher CWMwd than late successional forests. This was related to a high proportion of shrubs (with high WD) early in succession, which could be a consequence of: 1) a low seed availability of trees due to intense land use in the landscape and/or 2) harsh abiotic conditions early in succession that filter out trees. Forest with high CWMwd had a high %NPP attributed to litter because they were dominated by shrubs, which gain little biomass in their trunks. Our findings highlight the links between WD, succession and carbon cycling (biomass and productivity) in this biodiversity hotspot. Thus, WD is an important trait that can be used to understand upper Andean forest recovery and improve forest restoration and management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juan M. Posada
- Biology Department, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
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5
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Bravo-Avila CH, Feeley KJ. Variation in the Drought Tolerance of Tropical Understory Plant Communities across an Extreme Elevation and Precipitation Gradient. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2957. [PMID: 37631168 PMCID: PMC10459884 DOI: 10.3390/plants12162957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about how differences in water availability within the "super humid" tropics can influence the physiology of understory plant species and the composition of understory plant communities. We investigated the variation in the physiological drought tolerances of hundreds of understory plants in dozens of plant communities across an extreme elevation and precipitation gradient. Specifically, we established 58 understory plots along a gradient of 400-3600 m asl elevation and 1000-6000 mm yr-1 rainfall in and around Manu National Park in southeastern Peru. Within the plots, we sampled all understory woody plants and measured three metrics of physiological leaf drought tolerance-turgor loss point (TLP), cuticular conductance (Gmin), and solute leakage (SL)-and assessed how the community-level means of these three traits related to the mean annual precipitation (MAP) and elevation (along the study gradient, the temperature decreases linearly, and the vapor pressure deficit increases monotonically with elevation). We did not find any correlations between the three metrics of leaf drought tolerance, suggesting that they represent independent strategies for coping with a low water availability. Despite being widely used metrics of leaf drought tolerance, neither the TLP nor Gmin showed any significant relationships with elevation or the MAP. In contrast, SL, which has only recently been developed for use in ecological field studies, increased significantly at higher precipitations and at lower elevations (i.e., plants in colder and drier habitats have a lower average SL, indicating greater drought tolerances). Our results illustrate that differences in water availability may affect the physiology of tropical montane plants and thus play a strong role in structuring plant communities even in the super humid tropics. Our results also highlight the potential for SL assays to be efficient and effective tools for measuring drought tolerances in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenneth J. Feeley
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
- Fairchild Tropical Botanical Garden, Coral Gables, FL 33156, USA
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6
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Cox AJF, Hartley IP, Meir P, Sitch S, Dusenge ME, Restrepo Z, González-Caro S, Villegas JC, Uddling J, Mercado LM. Acclimation of photosynthetic capacity and foliar respiration in Andean tree species to temperature change. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:2329-2344. [PMID: 36987979 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Climate warming is causing compositional changes in Andean tropical montane forests (TMFs). These shifts are hypothesised to result from differential responses to warming of cold- and warm-affiliated species, with the former experiencing mortality and the latter migrating upslope. The thermal acclimation potential of Andean TMFs remains unknown. Along a 2000 m Andean altitudinal gradient, we planted individuals of cold- and warm-affiliated species (under common soil and irrigation), exposing them to the hot and cold extremes of their thermal niches, respectively. We measured the response of net photosynthesis (Anet ), photosynthetic capacity and leaf dark respiration (Rdark ) to warming/cooling, 5 months after planting. In all species, Anet and photosynthetic capacity at 25°C were highest when growing at growth temperatures (Tg ) closest to their thermal means, declining with warming and cooling in cold-affiliated and warm-affiliated species, respectively. When expressed at Tg , photosynthetic capacity and Rdark remained unchanged in cold-affiliated species, but the latter decreased in warm-affiliated counterparts. Rdark at 25°C increased with temperature in all species, but remained unchanged when expressed at Tg . Both species groups acclimated to temperature, but only warm-affiliated species decreased Rdark to photosynthetic capacity ratio at Tg as temperature increased. This could confer them a competitive advantage under future warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J F Cox
- Geography, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4RKJ, UK
| | - Iain P Hartley
- Geography, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4RKJ, UK
| | - Patrick Meir
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JN, UK
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Stephen Sitch
- Geography, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4RKJ, UK
| | - Mirindi Eric Dusenge
- Geography, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4RKJ, UK
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Zorayda Restrepo
- Grupo de Investigación en Ecología Aplicada, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Crowmarsh-Gifford, Wallingford, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Sebastian González-Caro
- Geography, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4RKJ, UK
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Crowmarsh-Gifford, Wallingford, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Juan Camilo Villegas
- Grupo de Investigación en Ecología Aplicada, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Johan Uddling
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - Lina M Mercado
- Geography, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4RKJ, UK
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Crowmarsh-Gifford, Wallingford, OX10 8BB, UK
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7
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Kumar BM. Do carbon stocks and floristic diversity of tropical homegardens vary along an elevational gradient and based on holding size in central Kerala, India? AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS 2023; 97:751-783. [PMID: 37193256 PMCID: PMC10081327 DOI: 10.1007/s10457-023-00821-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Homegarden (HG) agroforestry combines biological carbon (C) sequestration with biodiversity conservation outcomes. Although C stocks and species richness of HGs vary along elevational gradients and as a function of holding sizes, there is no consensus on the nature and magnitude of such variations. Field studies were conducted in the Western Ghats region of central Kerala, India (180 homesteads in 20 selected panchayats), to evaluate the effects of elevation (near sea level to 1938 m) and garden size (162-10,117 m2) on aboveground C stocks and floristic diversity. The C stocks (per unit area) of HGs (arborescent species) were highly variable (0.63-93.65 Mg ha-1), as garden management was highly individualistic and it exhibited a weak negative relationship with elevation. Likewise, there was a weak negative relationship between C stocks and garden size. Tree stocking levels (stems/garden) and species richness (species/garden) positively impacted total C stocks per garden. Floristic diversity was high in the study area (753 species) and included many rare and endangered species (43 IUCN Red-Listed species) making homegardens circa situm reservoirs of biodiversity. Elevation and holding size exerted a weak negative linear relationship on Simpson's floristic diversity index, which ranged from 0.26 to 0.93 for the arboreal species. Homegardens, regardless of elevation or size, contribute to C sequestration and agrobiodiversity conservation and help achieve the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly Climate Action (SDG-13) and conserving agrobiodiversity (SDG-15, Life on Land).
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Mohan Kumar
- Arunachal University of Studies, Knowledge City, Namsai, Arunachal Pradesh 792103 India
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8
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Lyu S, Alexander JM. Compensatory responses of vital rates attenuate impacts of competition on population growth and promote coexistence. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:437-447. [PMID: 36708049 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Competition is among the most important factors regulating plant population and community dynamics, but we know little about how different vital rates respond to competition and jointly determine population growth and species coexistence. We conducted a field experiment and parameterised integral projection models to model the population growth of 14 herbaceous plant species in the absence and presence of neighbours across an elevation gradient (284 interspecific pairs). We found that suppressed individual growth and seedling establishment contributed the most to competition-induced declines in population growth, although vital rate contributions varied greatly between species and with elevation. In contrast, size-specific survival and flowering probability and seed production were frequently enhanced under competition. These compensatory vital rate responses were nearly ubiquitous (occurred in 92% of species pairs) and significantly reduced niche overlap and stabilised coexistence. Our study highlights the importance of demographic processes for regulating population and community dynamics, which has often been neglected by classic coexistence theories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengman Lyu
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jake M Alexander
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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9
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Acosta‐Rojas DC, Barczyk M, Espinosa CI, Tinoco BA, Neuschulz EL, Schleuning M. Climate and microhabitat shape the prevalence of endozoochory in the seed rain of tropical montane forests. Biotropica 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.13195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Diana C. Acosta‐Rojas
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK‐F) Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung Frankfurt am Main Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Maciej Barczyk
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK‐F) Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung Frankfurt am Main Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Carlos I. Espinosa
- Department of Biological Sciences Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja Loja Ecuador
| | | | - Eike L. Neuschulz
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK‐F) Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Matthias Schleuning
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK‐F) Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung Frankfurt am Main Germany
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He N, Yan P, Liu C, Xu L, Li M, Van Meerbeek K, Zhou G, Zhou G, Liu S, Zhou X, Li S, Niu S, Han X, Buckley TN, Sack L, Yu G. Predicting ecosystem productivity based on plant community traits. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:43-53. [PMID: 36115777 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2022.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid accumulation of plant trait data, major opportunities have arisen for the integration of these data into predicting ecosystem primary productivity across a range of spatial extents. Traditionally, traits have been used to explain physiological productivity at cell, organ, or plant scales, but scaling up to the ecosystem scale has remained challenging. Here, we show the need to combine measures of community-level traits and environmental factors to predict ecosystem productivity at landscape or biogeographic scales. We show how theory can extend the production ecology equation to enormous potential for integrating traits into ecological models that estimate productivity-related ecosystem functions across ecological scales and to anticipate the response of terrestrial ecosystems to global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianpeng He
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Ecological Research, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Pu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Congcong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Li Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Mingxu Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Koenraad Van Meerbeek
- Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven Plant Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guangsheng Zhou
- Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Guoyi Zhou
- Institute of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Shirong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, China's State Forestry Administration, Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Xuhui Zhou
- School of Ecological and Environmental Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shenggong Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuli Niu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xingguo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Thomas N Buckley
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Lawren Sack
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Guirui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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11
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Duan M, Li L, Ding G, Ma Z. Leading nutrient foraging strategies shaping by root system characteristics along the elevations in rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) plantations. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:2468-2479. [PMID: 35849054 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
When it comes to root and mycorrhizal associations that define resource acquisition strategy, there is a need to identify the leading dimension across root physiology, morphology, architecture and whole plant biomass allocation to better predict the plant's responses to multiple environmental constraints. Here, we developed a new framework for understanding the variation in roots and symbiotic fungi by quantifying multiple-scale characteristics, ranging from anatomy to the whole plant. We chose the rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) grown at three elevations to test our framework and to identify the key dimensions for resource acquisition. Results showed that the quantities of absorptive roots and root system architecture, rather than single root traits, played the leading role in belowground resource acquisition. As the elevation increased from the low to high elevation, root length growth, productivity and root mass fraction (RMF) increased by 2.9-, 2.3- and 13.8-fold, respectively. The contribution of RMF to the changes in total root length was 3.6-fold that of specific root length (SRL). Root architecture exhibited higher plasticity than anatomy and morphology. Further, mycorrhizal colonization was highly sensitive to rising elevations with a non-monotonic pattern. By contrast, both leaf biomass and specific leaf area (traits) co-varied with increasing elevation. In summary, rubber trees changed root system architecture by allocating more biomass and lowering the reliance on mycorrhizal fungi rather than improving single root efficiency in adapting to high elevation. Our framework is instructive for traits-based ecology; accurate assessments of forest carbon cycling in response to resource gradient should account for the leading dimension of root system architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengcheng Duan
- Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liang Li
- Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China
| | - Gaigai Ding
- Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zeqing Ma
- Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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12
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Bukombe B, Bauters M, Boeckx P, Cizungu LN, Cooper M, Fiener P, Kidinda LK, Makelele I, Muhindo DI, Rewald B, Verheyen K, Doetterl S. Soil geochemistry - and not topography - as a major driver of carbon allocation, stocks, and dynamics in forests and soils of African tropical montane ecosystems. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:1676-1690. [PMID: 36089827 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The lack of field-based data in the tropics limits our mechanistic understanding of the drivers of net primary productivity (NPP) and allocation. Specifically, the role of local edaphic factors - such as soil parent material and topography controlling soil fertility as well as water and nutrient fluxes - remains unclear and introduces substantial uncertainty in understanding net ecosystem productivity and carbon (C) stocks. Using a combination of vegetation growth monitoring and soil geochemical properties, we found that soil fertility parameters reflecting the local parent material are the main drivers of NPP and C allocation patterns in tropical montane forests, resulting in significant differences in below- to aboveground biomass components across geochemical (soil) regions. Topography did not constrain the variability in C allocation and NPP. Soil organic C stocks showed no relation to C input in tropical forests. Instead, plant C input seemingly exceeded the maximum potential of these soils to stabilize C. We conclude that, even after many millennia of weathering and the presence of deeply developed soils, above- and belowground C allocation in tropical forests, as well as soil C stocks, vary substantially due to the geochemical properties that soils inherit from parent material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Bukombe
- Institute of Geography, Augsburg University, Augsburg, 86159, Germany
| | - Marijn Bauters
- Department of Environment, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Isotope Bioscience Laboratory - ISOFYS, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Pascal Boeckx
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Isotope Bioscience Laboratory - ISOFYS, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Landry Ntaboba Cizungu
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Université Catholique de Bukavu, Bugabo 02, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Matthew Cooper
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Peter Fiener
- Institute of Geography, Augsburg University, Augsburg, 86159, Germany
| | - Laurent Kidinda Kidinda
- Institute of Soil Science and Site Ecology, Technische Universität Dresden, Tharandt, 01737, Germany
| | - Isaac Makelele
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Isotope Bioscience Laboratory - ISOFYS, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Daniel Iragi Muhindo
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Université Catholique de Bukavu, Bugabo 02, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Boris Rewald
- Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Institute of Forest Ecology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, 1190, Austria
| | - Kris Verheyen
- Department of Environment, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Sebastian Doetterl
- Institute of Geography, Augsburg University, Augsburg, 86159, Germany
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
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13
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Global distribution and climate sensitivity of the tropical montane forest nitrogen cycle. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7364. [PMID: 36450741 PMCID: PMC9712492 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35170-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropical forests are pivotal to global climate and biogeochemical cycles, yet the geographic distribution of nutrient limitation to plants and microbes across the biome is unresolved. One long-standing generalization is that tropical montane forests are nitrogen (N)-limited whereas lowland forests tend to be N-rich. However, empirical tests of this hypothesis have yielded equivocal results. Here we evaluate the topographic signature of the ecosystem-level tropical N cycle by examining climatic and geophysical controls of surface soil N content and stable isotopes (δ15N) from elevational gradients distributed across tropical mountains globally. We document steep increases in soil N concentration and declining δ15N with increasing elevation, consistent with decreased microbial N processing and lower gaseous N losses. Temperature explained much of the change in N, with an apparent temperature sensitivity (Q10) of ~1.9. Although montane forests make up 11% of forested tropical land area, we estimate they account for >17% of the global tropical forest soil N pool. Our findings support the existence of widespread microbial N limitation across tropical montane forest ecosystems and high sensitivity to climate warming.
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14
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Needham JF, Arellano G, Davies SJ, Fisher RA, Hammer V, Knox RG, Mitre D, Muller-Landau HC, Zuleta D, Koven CD. Tree crown damage and its effects on forest carbon cycling in a tropical forest. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:5560-5574. [PMID: 35748712 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Crown damage can account for over 23% of canopy biomass turnover in tropical forests and is a strong predictor of tree mortality; yet, it is not typically represented in vegetation models. We incorporate crown damage into the Functionally Assembled Terrestrial Ecosystem Simulator (FATES), to evaluate how lags between damage and tree recovery or death alter demographic rates and patterns of carbon turnover. We represent crown damage as a reduction in a tree's crown area and leaf and branch biomass, and allow associated variation in the ratio of aboveground to belowground plant tissue. We compare simulations with crown damage to simulations with equivalent instant increases in mortality and benchmark results against data from Barro Colorado Island (BCI), Panama. In FATES, crown damage causes decreases in growth rates that match observations from BCI. Crown damage leads to increases in carbon starvation mortality in FATES, but only in configurations with high root respiration and decreases in carbon storage following damage. Crown damage also alters competitive dynamics, as plant functional types that can recover from crown damage outcompete those that cannot. This is a first exploration of the trade-off between the additional complexity of the novel crown damage module and improved predictive capabilities. At BCI, a tropical forest that does not experience high levels of disturbance, both the crown damage simulations and simulations with equivalent increases in mortality does a reasonable job of capturing observations. The crown damage module provides functionality for exploring dynamics in forests with more extreme disturbances such as cyclones and for capturing the synergistic effects of disturbances that overlap in space and time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica F Needham
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Gabriel Arellano
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Oikobit LLC, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Stuart J Davies
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Rosie A Fisher
- CICERO Center for International Climate Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Valerie Hammer
- University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Ryan G Knox
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - David Mitre
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado, Repu ́blica de Panamá
| | | | - Daniel Zuleta
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Charlie D Koven
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
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15
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Dyola N, Sigdel SR, Liang E, Babst F, Camarero JJ, Aryal S, Chettri N, Gao S, Lu X, Sun J, Wang T, Zhang G, Zhu H, Piao S, Peñuelas J. Species richness is a strong driver of forest biomass along broad bioclimatic gradients in the Himalayas. Ecosphere 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nita Dyola
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Shalik Ram Sigdel
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Eryuan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Flurin Babst
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment University of Arizona Tucson Arizona USA
- Laboratory of Tree‐Ring Research University of Arizona Tucson Arizona USA
| | | | - Sugam Aryal
- Friedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg Institut für Geographie Erlangen Germany
| | - Nakul Chettri
- International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) Kathmandu Nepal
| | - Shan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Xiaoming Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Jian Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Gengxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Haifeng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Shilong Piao
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CREAF Barcelona Spain
- CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF‐CSIC‐UAB Barcelona Spain
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16
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Okello J, Bauters M, Verbeeck H, Kasenene J, Boeckx P. Aboveground carbon stocks, woody and litter productivity along an elevational gradient in the Rwenzori Mountains, Uganda. Biotropica 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.13114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Okello
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory – ISOFYS Ghent University Ghent Belgium
- CAVElab‐ Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology Ghent University Ghent Belgium
- School of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Mountains of the Moon University Fort Portal Uganda
- National Agricultural Research Organisation Mbarara Zonal Agricultural Research and Development Institute Mbarara Uganda
| | - Marijn Bauters
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory – ISOFYS Ghent University Ghent Belgium
- CAVElab‐ Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Hans Verbeeck
- CAVElab‐ Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - John Kasenene
- School of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Mountains of the Moon University Fort Portal Uganda
| | - Pascal Boeckx
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory – ISOFYS Ghent University Ghent Belgium
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17
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Oren I, Mannerheim N, Fangmeier A, Buchmann N, Grünzweig JM. Patterns of total root and shoot carbon dioxide fluxes and their impact on daily tree carbon budget in large tropical tree saplings. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:958-970. [PMID: 34940886 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A significant amount of the carbon (C) assimilated in photosynthesis by trees is re-emitted to the atmosphere via the respiratory CO2 flux of roots. Because of technical constraints, we have little understanding of the extent and dynamics of the respiratory CO2 flux of roots at the total root system scale (RCF). This study aimed to fill this gap and to quantify the daily C budget of entire trees. We used aeroponics as a novel approach to measure directly and simultaneously RCF and the net CO2 flux of the entire shoot (SCF), to estimate their night- and day-time contributions to daily tree CO2 budget and to estimate the relative contribution of different root categories to RCF in large saplings of the tropical tree species Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. By maintaining root temperature within a narrow range (24-27.5 °C), we controlled for its effect on RCF, thus allowing the potential relationship between RCF and SCF to be tested. The carbon gain of the fast-growing saplings was 0.79 ± 0.10 g C sapling-1 day-1, with day-time shoot CO2 uptake outweighing night-time shoot and day- and night-time root CO2 losses by a factor of two. Other than a slight rise in the morning hours, RCF was relatively stable and not coupled to the daily dynamics of SCF. Albeit having lower specific respiration rates compared with fine-roots, the relative contributions of coarse-roots (diameter >2 mm) to RCF were substantial because of their large biomass and were estimated to range from 43 to 63% of RCF at midday of different days during the growing season. The results of this study suggest that (i) the entire root system needs to be monitored for its impact on the tree CO2 budget, (ii) RCF cannot be derived from SCF and (iii) the importance of coarse-root respiration to RCF may be greater than appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Oren
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Herzl Street POB 12, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
- Current affiliation: Université catholique de Louvain, Earth and Life Institute, Croix du Sud 2-11, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Neringa Mannerheim
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 2, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Fangmeier
- Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, University of Hohenheim, August-von-Hartmann-Str. 3, Stuttgart 70599, Germany
| | - Nina Buchmann
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 2, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
| | - José M Grünzweig
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Herzl Street POB 12, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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18
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Semeraro S, Kergunteuil A, Moreno SS, Puissant J, Goodall T, Griffiths R, Rasmann S. Relative contribution of high and low elevation soil microbes and nematodes to ecosystem functioning. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Semeraro
- Institute of Biology University of Neuchâtel Rue Emile‐Argand 11 2000 Neuchâtel Switzerland
| | | | - Sara Sánchez Moreno
- Department of the Environment and Agronomy National Centre Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology INIA‐CSIC 28040 Madrid Spain
| | | | - Tim Goodall
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology Wallingford UK
| | | | - Sergio Rasmann
- Institute of Biology University of Neuchâtel Rue Emile‐Argand 11 2000 Neuchâtel Switzerland
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19
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Hernández Gordillo AL, Vilchez Mendoza S, Ngo Bieng MA, Delgado D, Finegan B. Altitude and community traits explain rain forest stand dynamics over a 2370‐m altitudinal gradient in Costa Rica. Ecosphere 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marie Ange Ngo Bieng
- CATIE‐Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza Turrialba Costa Rica
- CIRAD UR Forêts et Sociétés CIRAD Campus International de Baillarguet Montpellier Cedex 5 France
| | - Diego Delgado
- CATIE‐Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza Turrialba Costa Rica
| | - Bryan Finegan
- CATIE‐Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza Turrialba Costa Rica
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20
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Collins AD, Ryan MG, Adams HD, Dickman LT, Garcia-Forner N, Grossiord C, Powers HH, Sevanto S, McDowell NG. Foliar respiration is related to photosynthetic, growth and carbohydrate response to experimental drought and elevated temperature. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:3623-3635. [PMID: 34506038 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Short-term plant respiration (R) increases exponentially with rising temperature, but drought could reduce respiration by reducing growth and metabolism. Acclimation may alter these responses. We examined if species with different drought responses would differ in foliar R response to +4.8°C temperature and -45% precipitation in a field experiment with mature piñon and juniper trees, and if any differences between species were related to differences in photosynthesis rates, shoot growth and nonstructural carbohydrates (NSCs). Short-term foliar R had a Q10 of 1.6 for piñon and 2.6 for juniper. Piñon foliar R did not respond to the +4.8°C temperatures, but R increased 1.4× for juniper. Across treatments, piñon foliage had higher growth, lower NSC content, 29% lower photosynthesis rates, and 44% lower R than juniper. Removing 45% precipitation had little impact on R for either species. Species differences in the response of R under elevated temperature were related to substrate availability and stomatal response to leaf water potential. Despite not acclimating to the higher temperature and having higher R than piñon, greater substrate availability in juniper suggests it could supply respiratory demand for much longer than piñon. Species responses will be critical in ecosystem response to a warmer climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam D Collins
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
| | - Michael G Ryan
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Henry D Adams
- School of the Environment, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Lee Turin Dickman
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
| | - Núria Garcia-Forner
- Centre for Functional Ecology (CFE), Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Charlotte Grossiord
- Swiss Federal Research Institute (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Plant Ecology Research Laboratory (PERL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Heath H Powers
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
| | - Sanna Sevanto
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
| | - Nate G McDowell
- Division of Atmospheric Sciences & Global Change, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
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21
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Freschet GT, Pagès L, Iversen CM, Comas LH, Rewald B, Roumet C, Klimešová J, Zadworny M, Poorter H, Postma JA, Adams TS, Bagniewska‐Zadworna A, Bengough AG, Blancaflor EB, Brunner I, Cornelissen JHC, Garnier E, Gessler A, Hobbie SE, Meier IC, Mommer L, Picon‐Cochard C, Rose L, Ryser P, Scherer‐Lorenzen M, Soudzilovskaia NA, Stokes A, Sun T, Valverde‐Barrantes OJ, Weemstra M, Weigelt A, Wurzburger N, York LM, Batterman SA, Gomes de Moraes M, Janeček Š, Lambers H, Salmon V, Tharayil N, McCormack ML. A starting guide to root ecology: strengthening ecological concepts and standardising root classification, sampling, processing and trait measurements. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:973-1122. [PMID: 34608637 PMCID: PMC8518129 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In the context of a recent massive increase in research on plant root functions and their impact on the environment, root ecologists currently face many important challenges to keep on generating cutting-edge, meaningful and integrated knowledge. Consideration of the below-ground components in plant and ecosystem studies has been consistently called for in recent decades, but methodology is disparate and sometimes inappropriate. This handbook, based on the collective effort of a large team of experts, will improve trait comparisons across studies and integration of information across databases by providing standardised methods and controlled vocabularies. It is meant to be used not only as starting point by students and scientists who desire working on below-ground ecosystems, but also by experts for consolidating and broadening their views on multiple aspects of root ecology. Beyond the classical compilation of measurement protocols, we have synthesised recommendations from the literature to provide key background knowledge useful for: (1) defining below-ground plant entities and giving keys for their meaningful dissection, classification and naming beyond the classical fine-root vs coarse-root approach; (2) considering the specificity of root research to produce sound laboratory and field data; (3) describing typical, but overlooked steps for studying roots (e.g. root handling, cleaning and storage); and (4) gathering metadata necessary for the interpretation of results and their reuse. Most importantly, all root traits have been introduced with some degree of ecological context that will be a foundation for understanding their ecological meaning, their typical use and uncertainties, and some methodological and conceptual perspectives for future research. Considering all of this, we urge readers not to solely extract protocol recommendations for trait measurements from this work, but to take a moment to read and reflect on the extensive information contained in this broader guide to root ecology, including sections I-VII and the many introductions to each section and root trait description. Finally, it is critical to understand that a major aim of this guide is to help break down barriers between the many subdisciplines of root ecology and ecophysiology, broaden researchers' views on the multiple aspects of root study and create favourable conditions for the inception of comprehensive experiments on the role of roots in plant and ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire T. Freschet
- CEFEUniv Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD1919 route de MendeMontpellier34293France
- Station d’Ecologie Théorique et ExpérimentaleCNRS2 route du CNRS09200MoulisFrance
| | - Loïc Pagès
- UR 1115 PSHCentre PACA, site AgroparcINRAE84914Avignon cedex 9France
| | - Colleen M. Iversen
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science InstituteOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37831USA
| | - Louise H. Comas
- USDA‐ARS Water Management Research Unit2150 Centre Avenue, Bldg D, Suite 320Fort CollinsCO80526USA
| | - Boris Rewald
- Department of Forest and Soil SciencesUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesVienna1190Austria
| | - Catherine Roumet
- CEFEUniv Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD1919 route de MendeMontpellier34293France
| | - Jitka Klimešová
- Department of Functional EcologyInstitute of Botany CASDukelska 13537901TrebonCzech Republic
| | - Marcin Zadworny
- Institute of DendrologyPolish Academy of SciencesParkowa 562‐035KórnikPoland
| | - Hendrik Poorter
- Plant Sciences (IBG‐2)Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHD‐52425JülichGermany
- Department of Biological SciencesMacquarie UniversityNorth RydeNSW2109Australia
| | | | - Thomas S. Adams
- Department of Plant SciencesThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA
| | - Agnieszka Bagniewska‐Zadworna
- Department of General BotanyInstitute of Experimental BiologyFaculty of BiologyAdam Mickiewicz UniversityUniwersytetu Poznańskiego 661-614PoznańPoland
| | - A. Glyn Bengough
- The James Hutton InstituteInvergowrie, Dundee,DD2 5DAUK
- School of Science and EngineeringUniversity of DundeeDundee,DD1 4HNUK
| | | | - Ivano Brunner
- Forest Soils and BiogeochemistrySwiss Federal Research Institute WSLZürcherstr. 1118903BirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Johannes H. C. Cornelissen
- Department of Ecological ScienceFaculty of ScienceVrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 1085Amsterdam1081 HVthe Netherlands
| | - Eric Garnier
- CEFEUniv Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD1919 route de MendeMontpellier34293France
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Forest DynamicsSwiss Federal Research Institute WSLZürcherstr. 1118903BirmensdorfSwitzerland
- Institute of Terrestrial EcosystemsETH Zurich8092ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Sarah E. Hobbie
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and BehaviorUniversity of MinnesotaSt PaulMN55108USA
| | - Ina C. Meier
- Functional Forest EcologyUniversity of HamburgHaidkrugsweg 122885BarsbütelGermany
| | - Liesje Mommer
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation GroupDepartment of Environmental SciencesWageningen University and ResearchPO Box 476700 AAWageningenthe Netherlands
| | | | - Laura Rose
- Station d’Ecologie Théorique et ExpérimentaleCNRS2 route du CNRS09200MoulisFrance
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F)Senckenberganlage 2560325Frankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Peter Ryser
- Laurentian University935 Ramsey Lake RoadSudburyONP3E 2C6Canada
| | | | - Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia
- Environmental Biology DepartmentInstitute of Environmental SciencesCMLLeiden UniversityLeiden2300 RAthe Netherlands
| | - Alexia Stokes
- INRAEAMAPCIRAD, IRDCNRSUniversity of MontpellierMontpellier34000France
| | - Tao Sun
- Institute of Applied EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016China
| | - Oscar J. Valverde‐Barrantes
- International Center for Tropical BotanyDepartment of Biological SciencesFlorida International UniversityMiamiFL33199USA
| | - Monique Weemstra
- CEFEUniv Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD1919 route de MendeMontpellier34293France
| | - Alexandra Weigelt
- Systematic Botany and Functional BiodiversityInstitute of BiologyLeipzig UniversityJohannisallee 21-23Leipzig04103Germany
| | - Nina Wurzburger
- Odum School of EcologyUniversity of Georgia140 E. Green StreetAthensGA30602USA
| | - Larry M. York
- Biosciences Division and Center for Bioenergy InnovationOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37831USA
| | - Sarah A. Batterman
- School of Geography and Priestley International Centre for ClimateUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem StudiesMillbrookNY12545USA
| | - Moemy Gomes de Moraes
- Department of BotanyInstitute of Biological SciencesFederal University of Goiás1974690-900Goiânia, GoiásBrazil
| | - Štěpán Janeček
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayCrawley (Perth)WA 6009Australia
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaCrawley (Perth)WAAustralia
| | - Verity Salmon
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science InstituteOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37831USA
| | - Nishanth Tharayil
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesClemson UniversityClemsonSC29634USA
| | - M. Luke McCormack
- Center for Tree ScienceMorton Arboretum, 4100 Illinois Rt. 53LisleIL60532USA
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22
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Bennett AC, Arndt SK, Bennett LT, Knauer J, Beringer J, Griebel A, Hinko-Najera N, Liddell MJ, Metzen D, Pendall E, Silberstein RP, Wardlaw TJ, Woodgate W, Haverd V. Thermal optima of gross primary productivity are closely aligned with mean air temperatures across Australian wooded ecosystems. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:4727-4744. [PMID: 34165839 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Gross primary productivity (GPP) of wooded ecosystems (forests and savannas) is central to the global carbon cycle, comprising 67%-75% of total global terrestrial GPP. Climate change may alter this flux by increasing the frequency of temperatures beyond the thermal optimum of GPP (Topt ). We examined the relationship between GPP and air temperature (Ta) in 17 wooded ecosystems dominated by a single plant functional type (broadleaf evergreen trees) occurring over a broad climatic gradient encompassing five ecoregions across Australia ranging from tropical in the north to Mediterranean and temperate in the south. We applied a novel boundary-line analysis to eddy covariance flux observations to (a) derive ecosystem GPP-Ta relationships and Topt (including seasonal analyses for five tropical savannas); (b) quantitatively and qualitatively assess GPP-Ta relationships within and among ecoregions; (c) examine the relationship between Topt and mean daytime air temperature (MDTa) across all ecosystems; and (d) examine how down-welling short-wave radiation (Fsd) and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) influence the GPP-Ta relationship. GPP-Ta relationships were convex parabolas with narrow curves in tropical forests, tropical savannas (wet season), and temperate forests, and wider curves in temperate woodlands, Mediterranean woodlands, and tropical savannas (dry season). Ecosystem Topt ranged from 15℃ (temperate forest) to 32℃ (tropical savanna-wet and dry seasons). The shape of GPP-Ta curves was largely determined by daytime Ta range, MDTa, and maximum GPP with the upslope influenced by Fsd and the downslope influenced by VPD. Across all ecosystems, there was a strong positive linear relationship between Topt and MDTa (Adjusted R2 : 0.81; Slope: 1.08) with Topt exceeding MDTa by >1℃ at all but two sites. We conclude that ecosystem GPP has adjusted to local MDTa within Australian broadleaf evergreen forests and that GPP is buffered against small Ta increases in the majority of these ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison C Bennett
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Science, University of Melbourne, Richmond, Vic., Australia
| | - Stefan K Arndt
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Science, University of Melbourne, Richmond, Vic., Australia
| | - Lauren T Bennett
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Science, University of Melbourne, Creswick, Vic., Australia
| | - Jürgen Knauer
- CSIRO, Oceans and Atmosphere, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Jason Beringer
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Anne Griebel
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Nina Hinko-Najera
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Science, University of Melbourne, Creswick, Vic., Australia
| | - Michael J Liddell
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Qld, Australia
| | - Daniel Metzen
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Elise Pendall
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard P Silberstein
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Centre for Ecosystem Management, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Timothy J Wardlaw
- ARC Centre for Forest Value, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - William Woodgate
- CSIRO, Land and Water, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, Australia
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23
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Griffiths AR, Silman MR, Farfan-Rios W, Feeley KJ, Cabrera KG, Meir P, Salinas N, Segovia RA, Dexter KG. Evolutionary Diversity Peaks at Mid-Elevations Along an Amazon-to-Andes Elevation Gradient. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.680041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevation gradients present enigmatic diversity patterns, with trends often dependent on the dimension of diversity considered. However, focus is often on patterns of taxonomic diversity and interactions between diversity gradients and evolutionary factors, such as lineage age, are poorly understood. We combine forest census data with a genus level phylogeny representing tree ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperms, and an evolutionary depth of 382 million years, to investigate taxonomic and evolutionary diversity patterns across a long tropical montane forest elevation gradient on the Amazonian flank of the Peruvian Andes. We find that evolutionary diversity peaks at mid-elevations and contrasts with taxonomic richness, which is invariant from low to mid-elevation, but then decreases with elevation. We suggest that this trend interacts with variation in the evolutionary ages of lineages across elevation, with contrasting distribution trends between younger and older lineages. For example, while 53% of young lineages (originated by 10 million years ago) occur only below ∼1,750 m asl, just 13% of old lineages (originated by 110 million years ago) are restricted to below ∼1,750 m asl. Overall our results support an Environmental Crossroads hypothesis, whereby a mid-gradient mingling of distinct floras creates an evolutionary diversity in mid-elevation Andean forests that rivals that of the Amazonian lowlands.
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24
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Salinas N, Cosio EG, Silman M, Meir P, Nottingham AT, Roman-Cuesta RM, Malhi Y. Editorial: Tropical Montane Forests in a Changing Environment. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:712748. [PMID: 34456951 PMCID: PMC8385751 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.712748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Norma Salinas
- Institute for Nature, Earth and Energy, Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, Lima, Peru
- Chemistry Section, Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, Lima, Peru
| | - Eric G. Cosio
- Institute for Nature, Earth and Energy, Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, Lima, Peru
- Chemistry Section, Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, Lima, Peru
| | - Miles Silman
- Center for Energy, Environment, and Sustainability, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Patrick Meir
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | - Rosa Maria Roman-Cuesta
- Laboratory of GeoInformation Science and Remote Sensing, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Centre for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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25
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Huaraca Huasco W, Riutta T, Girardin CAJ, Hancco Pacha F, Puma Vilca BL, Moore S, Rifai SW, Del Aguila-Pasquel J, Araujo Murakami A, Freitag R, Morel AC, Demissie S, Doughty CE, Oliveras I, Galiano Cabrera DF, Durand Baca L, Farfán Amézquita F, Silva Espejo JE, da Costa ACL, Oblitas Mendoza E, Quesada CA, Evouna Ondo F, Edzang Ndong J, Jeffery KJ, Mihindou V, White LJT, N'ssi Bengone N, Ibrahim F, Addo-Danso SD, Duah-Gyamfi A, Djaney Djagbletey G, Owusu-Afriyie K, Amissah L, Mbou AT, Marthews TR, Metcalfe DB, Aragão LEO, Marimon-Junior BH, Marimon BS, Majalap N, Adu-Bredu S, Abernethy KA, Silman M, Ewers RM, Meir P, Malhi Y. Fine root dynamics across pantropical rainforest ecosystems. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:3657-3680. [PMID: 33982340 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fine roots constitute a significant component of the net primary productivity (NPP) of forest ecosystems but are much less studied than aboveground NPP. Comparisons across sites and regions are also hampered by inconsistent methodologies, especially in tropical areas. Here, we present a novel dataset of fine root biomass, productivity, residence time, and allocation in tropical old-growth rainforest sites worldwide, measured using consistent methods, and examine how these variables are related to consistently determined soil and climatic characteristics. Our pantropical dataset spans intensive monitoring plots in lowland (wet, semi-deciduous, and deciduous) and montane tropical forests in South America, Africa, and Southeast Asia (n = 47). Large spatial variation in fine root dynamics was observed across montane and lowland forest types. In lowland forests, we found a strong positive linear relationship between fine root productivity and sand content, this relationship was even stronger when we considered the fractional allocation of total NPP to fine roots, demonstrating that understanding allocation adds explanatory power to understanding fine root productivity and total NPP. Fine root residence time was a function of multiple factors: soil sand content, soil pH, and maximum water deficit, with longest residence times in acidic, sandy, and water-stressed soils. In tropical montane forests, on the other hand, a different set of relationships prevailed, highlighting the very different nature of montane and lowland forest biomes. Root productivity was a strong positive linear function of mean annual temperature, root residence time was a strong positive function of soil nitrogen content in montane forests, and lastly decreasing soil P content increased allocation of productivity to fine roots. In contrast to the lowlands, environmental conditions were a better predictor for fine root productivity than for fractional allocation of total NPP to fine roots, suggesting that root productivity is a particularly strong driver of NPP allocation in tropical mountain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Huaraca Huasco
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Terhi Riutta
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Cécile A J Girardin
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Sam Moore
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sami W Rifai
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Alejandro Araujo Murakami
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Renata Freitag
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil
| | - Alexandra C Morel
- Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | | | - Christopher E Doughty
- School of Informatics, Computing and Cyber systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Imma Oliveras
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Vianet Mihindou
- Ministère de la Foret, de la Mer, de l'Environnement, Chargé Du Plan Climat, Libreville, Gabon
| | - Lee J T White
- Ministère de la Foret, de la Mer, de l'Environnement, Chargé Du Plan Climat, Libreville, Gabon
| | - Natacha N'ssi Bengone
- Ministère de la Foret, de la Mer, de l'Environnement, Chargé Du Plan Climat, Libreville, Gabon
| | - Forzia Ibrahim
- Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, University, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Shalom D Addo-Danso
- Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, University, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Akwasi Duah-Gyamfi
- Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, University, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Gloria Djaney Djagbletey
- Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, University, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Kennedy Owusu-Afriyie
- Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, University, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Lucy Amissah
- Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, University, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Armel T Mbou
- Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici, Leece, Italy
| | | | - Daniel B Metcalfe
- Department of Ecology and Environment Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Luiz E O Aragão
- Divisão de Sensoriamento Remoto-DIDSR, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, São Jose dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ben H Marimon-Junior
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil
| | - Beatriz S Marimon
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil
| | - Noreen Majalap
- Sabah Forestry Department, Forest Research Centre, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Stephen Adu-Bredu
- Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, University, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - Miles Silman
- Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Robert M Ewers
- Department of Life Science, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK
| | - Patrick Meir
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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26
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Aragón S, Salinas N, Nina-Quispe A, Qquellon VH, Paucar GR, Huaman W, Porroa PC, Olarte JC, Cruz R, Muñiz JG, Yupayccana CS, Espinoza TEB, Tito R, Cosio EG, Roman-Cuesta RM. Aboveground biomass in secondary montane forests in Peru: Slow carbon recovery in agroforestry legacies. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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27
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Banbury Morgan R, Herrmann V, Kunert N, Bond-Lamberty B, Muller-Landau HC, Anderson-Teixeira KJ. Global patterns of forest autotrophic carbon fluxes. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:2840-2855. [PMID: 33651480 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Carbon (C) fixation, allocation, and metabolism by trees set the basis for energy and material flows in forest ecosystems and define their interactions with Earth's changing climate. However, while many studies have considered variation in productivity with latitude and climate, we lack a cohesive synthesis on how forest carbon fluxes vary globally with respect to climate and one another. Here, we draw upon 1,319 records from the Global Forest Carbon Database, representing all major forest types and the nine most significant autotrophic carbon fluxes, to comprehensively review how annual C cycling in mature, undisturbed forests varies with latitude and climate on a global scale. Across all flux variables analyzed, rates of C cycling decreased continuously with absolute latitude-a finding that confirms multiple previous studies and contradicts the idea that net primary productivity of temperate forests rivals that of tropical forests. C flux variables generally displayed similar trends across latitude and multiple climate variables, with no differences in allocation detected at this global scale. Temperature variables in general, and mean annual temperature or temperature seasonality in particular, were the best single predictors of C flux, explaining 19%-71% of variation in the C fluxes analyzed. The effects of temperature were modified by moisture availability, with C flux reduced under hot and dry conditions and sometimes under very high precipitation. Annual C fluxes increased with growing season length and were also influenced by growing season climate. These findings clarify how forest C flux varies with latitude and climate on a global scale. In an era when forests will play a critical yet uncertain role in shaping Earth's rapidly changing climate, our synthesis provides a foundation for understanding global patterns in forest C cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Banbury Morgan
- Conservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, USA
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Valentine Herrmann
- Conservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, USA
| | - Norbert Kunert
- Conservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, USA
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama, Republic of Panama
- Institute of Botany, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ben Bond-Lamberty
- Joint Global Change Research Institute, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Helene C Muller-Landau
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama, Republic of Panama
| | - Kristina J Anderson-Teixeira
- Conservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, USA
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama, Republic of Panama
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28
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Peng Y, Bloomfield KJ, Cernusak LA, Domingues TF, Colin Prentice I. Global climate and nutrient controls of photosynthetic capacity. Commun Biol 2021; 4:462. [PMID: 33846550 PMCID: PMC8042000 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01985-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
There is huge uncertainty about how global exchanges of carbon between the atmosphere and land will respond to continuing environmental change. A better representation of photosynthetic capacity is required for Earth System models to simulate carbon assimilation reliably. Here we use a global leaf-trait dataset to test whether photosynthetic capacity is quantitatively predictable from climate, based on optimality principles; and to explore how this prediction is modified by soil properties, including indices of nitrogen and phosphorus availability, measured in situ. The maximum rate of carboxylation standardized to 25 °C (Vcmax25) was found to be proportional to growing-season irradiance, and to increase-as predicted-towards both colder and drier climates. Individual species' departures from predicted Vcmax25 covaried with area-based leaf nitrogen (Narea) but community-mean Vcmax25 was unrelated to Narea, which in turn was unrelated to the soil C:N ratio. In contrast, leaves with low area-based phosphorus (Parea) had low Vcmax25 (both between and within communities), and Parea increased with total soil P. These findings do not support the assumption, adopted in some ecosystem and Earth System models, that leaf-level photosynthetic capacity depends on soil N supply. They do, however, support a previously-noted relationship between photosynthesis and soil P supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunke Peng
- Masters Programme in Ecosystems and Environmental Change, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | | | - Lucas A Cernusak
- Centre for Tropical Environmental Sustainability Studies, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Tomas F Domingues
- FFCLRP, Department of Biology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - I Colin Prentice
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia.
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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29
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Mature Andean forests as globally important carbon sinks and future carbon refuges. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2138. [PMID: 33837222 PMCID: PMC8035207 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22459-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
It is largely unknown how South America's Andean forests affect the global carbon cycle, and thus regulate climate change. Here, we measure aboveground carbon dynamics over the past two decades in 119 monitoring plots spanning a range of >3000 m elevation across the subtropical and tropical Andes. Our results show that Andean forests act as strong sinks for aboveground carbon (0.67 ± 0.08 Mg C ha-1 y-1) and have a high potential to serve as future carbon refuges. Aboveground carbon dynamics of Andean forests are driven by abiotic and biotic factors, such as climate and size-dependent mortality of trees. The increasing aboveground carbon stocks offset the estimated C emissions due to deforestation between 2003 and 2014, resulting in a net total uptake of 0.027 Pg C y-1. Reducing deforestation will increase Andean aboveground carbon stocks, facilitate upward species migrations, and allow for recovery of biomass losses due to climate change.
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30
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Muller-Landau HC, Cushman KC, Arroyo EE, Martinez Cano I, Anderson-Teixeira KJ, Backiel B. Patterns and mechanisms of spatial variation in tropical forest productivity, woody residence time, and biomass. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:3065-3087. [PMID: 33207007 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Tropical forests vary widely in biomass carbon (C) stocks and fluxes even after controlling for forest age. A mechanistic understanding of this variation is critical to accurately predicting responses to global change. We review empirical studies of spatial variation in tropical forest biomass, productivity and woody residence time, focusing on mature forests. Woody productivity and biomass decrease from wet to dry forests and with elevation. Within lowland forests, productivity and biomass increase with temperature in wet forests, but decrease with temperature where water becomes limiting. Woody productivity increases with soil fertility, whereas residence time decreases, and biomass responses are variable, consistent with an overall unimodal relationship. Areas with higher disturbance rates and intensities have lower woody residence time and biomass. These environmental gradients all involve both direct effects of changing environments on forest C fluxes and shifts in functional composition - including changing abundances of lianas - that substantially mitigate or exacerbate direct effects. Biogeographic realms differ significantly and importantly in productivity and biomass, even after controlling for climate and biogeochemistry, further demonstrating the importance of plant species composition. Capturing these patterns in global vegetation models requires better mechanistic representation of water and nutrient limitation, plant compositional shifts and tree mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene C Muller-Landau
- Center for Tropical Forest Science-Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, PO Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
| | - K C Cushman
- Center for Tropical Forest Science-Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, PO Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
| | - Eva E Arroyo
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, 1200 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Isabel Martinez Cano
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Kristina J Anderson-Teixeira
- Center for Tropical Forest Science-Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, PO Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
- Conservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute and National Zoological Park, 1500 Remount Rd, Front Royal, VA, 22630, USA
| | - Bogumila Backiel
- Center for Tropical Forest Science-Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, PO Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
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31
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Climate implications on forest above- and belowground carbon allocation patterns along a tropical elevation gradient on Mt. Kilimanjaro (Tanzania). Oecologia 2021; 195:797-812. [PMID: 33630169 PMCID: PMC7940314 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-04860-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Tropical forests represent the largest store of terrestrial biomass carbon (C) on earth and contribute over-proportionally to global terrestrial net primary productivity (NPP). How climate change is affecting NPP and C allocation to tree components in forests is not well understood. This is true for tropical forests, but particularly for African tropical forests. Studying forest ecosystems along elevation and related temperature and moisture gradients is one possible approach to address this question. However, the inclusion of belowground productivity data in such studies is scarce. On Mt. Kilimanjaro (Tanzania), we studied aboveground (wood increment, litter fall) and belowground (fine and coarse root) NPP along three elevation transects (c. 1800–3900 m a.s.l.) across four tropical montane forest types to derive C allocation to the major tree components. Total NPP declined continuously with elevation from 8.5 to 2.8 Mg C ha−1 year−1 due to significant decline in aboveground NPP, while fine root productivity (sequential coring approach) remained unvaried with around 2 Mg C ha−1 year−1, indicating a marked shift in C allocation to belowground components with elevation. The C and N fluxes to the soil via root litter were far more important than leaf litter inputs in the subalpine Erica forest. Thus, the shift of C allocation to belowground organs with elevation at Mt. Kilimanjaro and other tropical forests suggests increasing nitrogen limitation of aboveground tree growth at higher elevations. Our results show that studying fine root productivity is crucial to understand climate effects on the carbon cycle in tropical forests.
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32
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Griffiths AR, Silman MR, Farfán Rios W, Feeley KJ, García Cabrera K, Meir P, Salinas N, Dexter KG. Evolutionary heritage shapes tree distributions along an Amazon‐to‐Andes elevation gradient. Biotropica 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Miles R. Silman
- Biology Department and Center for Energy, Environment and Sustainability Wake Forest University Winston‐Salem NC USA
| | - William Farfán Rios
- Living Earth Collaborative Washington University in Saint Louis St. Louis MO USA
- Center for Conservation and Sustainable Development Missouri Botanical Garden St. Louis MO USA
- Herbario Vargas (CUZ), Escuela Profesional de Biología Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco Cusco Peru
| | - Kenneth J. Feeley
- Department of Biology University of Miami Coral Gables FL USA
- Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden Coral Gables FL USA
| | - Karina García Cabrera
- Biology Department and Center for Energy, Environment and Sustainability Wake Forest University Winston‐Salem NC USA
| | - Patrick Meir
- School of Geosciences University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
- Research School of Biology Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia
| | - Norma Salinas
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Naturaleza, Territorio y Energías Renovables Pontificia Universidad Católica del Peru Lima Peru
| | - Kyle G. Dexter
- School of Geosciences University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
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Litton CM, Giardina CP, Freeman KR, Selmants PC, Sparks JP. Impact of Mean Annual Temperature on Nutrient Availability in a Tropical Montane Wet Forest. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:784. [PMID: 32595675 PMCID: PMC7304228 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite growing understanding of how rising temperatures affect carbon cycling, the impact of long-term and whole forest warming on the suite of essential and potentially limiting nutrients remains understudied, particularly for elements other than N and P. Whole ecosystem warming experiments are limited, environmental gradients are often confounded by variation in factors other than temperature, and few studies have been conducted in the tropics. We examined litterfall, live foliar nutrient content, foliar nutrient resorption efficiency (NRE), nutrient return, and foliar nutrient use efficiency (NUE) of total litterfall and live foliage of two dominant trees to test hypotheses about how increasing mean annual temperature (MAT) impacts the availability and ecological stoichiometry of C, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn, and Cu in tropical montane wet forests located along a 5.2°C gradient in Hawaii. Live foliage responded to increasing MAT with increased N and K concentrations, decreased C and Mn concentrations, and no detectable change in P concentration or in foliar NRE. Increases in MAT increased nutrient return via litterfall for N, K, Mg, and Zn and foliar NUE for Mn and Cu, while decreasing nutrient return for Cu and foliar NUE for K. The N:P of litterfall and live foliage increased with MAT, while there was no detectable effect of MAT on C:P. The ratio of live foliar N or P to base cations and micronutrients was variable across elements and species. Increased MAT resulted in declining N:K and P:K for one species, while only P:K declined for the other. N:Ca and N:Mn increased with MAT for both species, while N:Mg increased for one and P:Mn increased for the other species. Overall, results from this study suggest that rising MAT in tropical montane wet forest: (i) increases plant productivity and the cycling and availability of N, K, Mg, and Zn; (ii) decreases the cycling and availability of Mn and Cu; (iii) has little direct effect on P, Ca or Fe; and (iv) affects ecological stoichiometry in ways that may exacerbate P-as well as other base cation and micronutrient - limitations to tropical montane forest productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Creighton M. Litton
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Christian P. Giardina
- Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Hilo, HI, United States
| | - Kristen R. Freeman
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Paul C. Selmants
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
- Western Geographic Science Center, United States Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA, United States
| | - Jed P. Sparks
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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Chen X, Sun J, Wang M, Lyu M, Niklas KJ, Michaletz ST, Zhong Q, Cheng D. The Leaf Economics Spectrum Constrains Phenotypic Plasticity Across a Light Gradient. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:735. [PMID: 32595665 PMCID: PMC7300261 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The leaf economics spectrum (LES) characterizes multivariate correlations that confine the global diversity of leaf functional traits onto a single axis of variation. Although LES is well established for traits of sun leaves, it is unclear how well LES characterizes the diversity of traits for shade leaves. Here, we evaluate LES using the sun and shade leaves of 75 woody species sampled at the extremes of a within-canopy light gradient in a subtropical forest. Shading significantly decreased the mean values of LMA and the rates of photosynthesis and dark respiration, but had no discernable effect on nitrogen and phosphorus content. Sun and shade leaves manifested the same relationships among N mass, P mass, A mass, and R mass (i.e., the slopes of log-log scaling relations of LES traits did not differ between sun and shade leaves). However, the difference between the normalization constants of shade and sun leaves was correlated with functional trait plasticity. Although the generality of this finding should be evaluated further using larger datasets comprising more phylogenetically diverse taxa and biomes, these findings support a unified LES across shade as well as sun leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jun Sun
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mantang Wang
- School of City and Architecture Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, China
| | - Min Lyu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Karl J. Niklas
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Sean T. Michaletz
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Quanlin Zhong
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dongliang Cheng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
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Peng Y, Bloomfield KJ, Prentice IC. A theory of plant function helps to explain leaf-trait and productivity responses to elevation. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 226:1274-1284. [PMID: 31971253 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Several publications have examined leaf-trait and carbon-cycling shifts along an Amazon-Andes transect spanning 3.5 km in elevation and 16°C in mean annual temperature. Photosynthetic capacity was previously shown to increase as temperature declines with increasing elevation, counteracting enzyme-kinetic effects. Primary production declines, nonetheless, due to decreasing light availability. We aimed to predict leaf-trait and production gradients from first principles, using published data to test an emerging theory whereby photosynthetic traits and primary production depend on optimal acclimation and/or adaptation to environment. We re-analysed published data for 210 species at 25 sites, fitting linear relationships to elevation for both predicted and observed photosynthetic traits and primary production. Declining leaf-internal/ambient CO2 ratio (χ) and increasing carboxylation (Vcmax ) and electron-transport (Jmax ) capacities with increasing elevation were predicted. Increases in leaf nitrogen content with elevation were explained by increasing Vcmax and leaf mass-per-area. Leaf and soil phosphorus covaried, but after controlling for elevation, no nutrient metric accounted for any additional variance in photosynthetic traits. Primary production was predicted to decline with elevation. This analysis unifies leaf and ecosystem observations in a common theoretical framework. The insensitivity of primary production to temperature is shown to emerge as a consequence of the optimisation of photosynthetic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunke Peng
- Masters Programme in Ecosystems and Environmental Change, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
- AXA Chair Programme in Biosphere and Climate Impacts, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Keith J Bloomfield
- AXA Chair Programme in Biosphere and Climate Impacts, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Iain Colin Prentice
- AXA Chair Programme in Biosphere and Climate Impacts, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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Net Primary Productivity of Pinus massoniana Dependence on Climate, Soil and Forest Characteristics. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11040404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the spatial variation of forest productivity and its driving factors on a large regional scale can help reveal the response mechanism of tree growth to climate change, and is an important prerequisite for efficient forest management and studying regional and global carbon cycles. Pinus massoniana Lamb. is a major planted tree species in southern China, playing an important role in the development of forestry due to its high economic and ecological benefits. Here, we establish a biomass database for P. massoniana, including stems, branches, leaves, roots, aboveground organs and total tree, by collecting the published literature, to increase our understanding of net primary productivity (NPP) geographical trends for each tree component and their influencing factors across the entire geographical distribution of the species in southern China. P. massoniana NPP ranges from 1.04 to 13.13 Mg·ha−1·year−1, with a mean value of 5.65 Mg·ha−1·year−1. The NPP of both tree components (i.e., stem, branch, leaf, root, aboveground organs, and total tree) show no clear relationships with longitude and elevation, but an inverse relationship with latitude (p < 0.01). Linear mixed-effects models (LMMs) are employed to analyze the effect of environmental factors and stand characteristics on P. massoniana NPP. LMM results reveal that the NPP of different tree components have different sensitivities to environmental and stand variables. Appropriate temperature and soil nutrients (particularly soil available phosphorus) are beneficial to biomass accumulation of this species. It is worth noting that the high temperature in July and August (HTWM) is a significant climate stressor across the species geographical distribution and is not restricted to marginal populations in the low latitude area. Temperature was a key environmental factor behind the inverse latitudinal trends of P. massoniana NPP, because it showed a higher sensitivity than other factors. In the context of climate warming and nitrogen (N) deposition, the inhibition effect caused by high temperatures and the lack or imbalance of soil nutrients, particularly soil phosphorus, should be paid more attention in the future. These findings advance our understanding about the factors influencing the productivity of each P. massoniana tree component across the full geographical distribution of the species, and are therefore valuable for forecasting climate-induced variation in forest productivity.
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Fadrique B, Veldman JW, Dalling JW, Clark LG, Montti L, Ruiz‐Sanchez E, Rother DC, Ely F, Farfan‐Ríos W, Gagnon P, Prada CM, Camargo García JC, Saha S, Veblen TT, Londoño X, Feeley KJ, Rockwell CA. Guidelines for including bamboos in tropical ecosystem monitoring. Biotropica 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Belén Fadrique
- Department of Biology University of Miami Coral Gables FL USA
| | - Joseph W. Veldman
- Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology Texas A&M University College Station TX USA
- Instituto Boliviano de Investigación Forestal Santa Cruz Bolivia
| | - James W. Dalling
- Department of Plant Biology University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana IL USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Balboa Republic of Panama
| | - Lynn G. Clark
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology Iowa State University Ames IA USA
| | - Lia Montti
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras‐CONICET Instituto de Geología de Costas y del Cuaternario‐Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata Buenos Aires Argentina
- Instituto de Biología Subtropical, Universidad Nacional de Misiones‐CONICET Puerto Iguazú Argentina
| | - Eduardo Ruiz‐Sanchez
- Departamento de Botánica y Zoología Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias Universidad de Guadalajara Zapopan Mexico
| | - Débora C. Rother
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual de Campinas Cidade Universitária São Paulo Brasil
- Departamento de Ciências Florestais Universidade de São Paulo Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” Piracicaba Brasil
| | - Francisca Ely
- Facultad de Ciencias Instituto Jardín Botánico de Mérida Universidad de los Andes Mérida Venezuela
| | - William Farfan‐Ríos
- Living Earth Collaborative Washington University in Saint Louis St. Louis MO USA
- Center for Conservation and Sustainable Development Missouri Botanical Garden St. Louis MO USA
- Herbario Vargas (CUZ) Escuela Profesional de Biología Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco Cusco Peru
| | - Paul Gagnon
- Institute for Water Resources U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Alexandria VA USA
| | - Cecilia M. Prada
- Department of Plant Biology University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana IL USA
| | | | | | - Thomas T. Veblen
- Department of Geography University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO USA
| | - Ximena Londoño
- Sociedad Colombiana del Bambú Montenegro, Quindío, Colombia
| | - Kenneth J. Feeley
- Department of Biology University of Miami Coral Gables FL USA
- Fairchild Tropical Botanical Garden Coral Gables FL USA
| | - Cara A. Rockwell
- Department of Earth and Environment International Center for Tropical Botany Florida International University Miami FL USA
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Martin RE, Asner GP, Bentley LP, Shenkin A, Salinas N, Huaypar KQ, Pillco MM, Ccori Álvarez FD, Enquist BJ, Diaz S, Malhi Y. Covariance of Sun and Shade Leaf Traits Along a Tropical Forest Elevation Gradient. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 10:1810. [PMID: 32076427 PMCID: PMC7006543 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Foliar trait adaptation to sun and shade has been extensively studied in the context of photosynthetic performance of plants, focusing on nitrogen allocation, light capture and use via chlorophyll pigments and leaf morphology; however, less is known about the potential sun-shade dichotomy of other functionally important foliar traits. In this study, we measured 19 traits in paired sun and shade leaves along a 3,500-m elevation gradient in southern Peru to test whether the traits differ with canopy position, and to assess if relative differences vary with species composition and/or environmental filters. We found significant sun-shade differences in leaf mass per area (LMA), photosynthetic pigments (Chl ab and Car), and δ13C. Sun-shade offsets among these traits remained constant with elevation, soil substrates, and species compositional changes. However, other foliar traits related to structure and chemical defense, and those defining general metabolic processes, did not differ with canopy position. Our results suggest that whole-canopy function is captured in many traits of sun leaves; however, photosynthesis-related traits must be scaled based on canopy light extinction. These findings show that top-of-canopy measurements of foliar chemistry from spectral remote sensing approaches map directly to whole-canopy foliar traits including shaded leaves that cannot be directly observed from above.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta E. Martin
- School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
- Center for Global Discovery and Conservation Science, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Gregory P. Asner
- School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
- Center for Global Discovery and Conservation Science, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | | | - Alexander Shenkin
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Norma Salinas
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Sección Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Perú
| | - Katherine Quispe Huaypar
- Departamento Académico de Biología, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, Perú
| | - Milenka Montoya Pillco
- Departamento Académico de Biología, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, Perú
| | - Flor Delis Ccori Álvarez
- Departamento Académico de Biología, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, Perú
| | - Brian J. Enquist
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- The Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, United States
| | - Sandra Diaz
- Instituto Interdisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (CONICET-UNC) y FCEFyN, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Esquivel J, Park BB, Casanoves F, Delgado D, Park G, Finegan B. Altitude and species identity drive leaf litter decomposition rates of ten species on a 2950 m altitudinal gradient in Neotropical rain forests. Biotropica 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jimena Esquivel
- CATIE – Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza Turrialba Costa Rica
| | - Byung Bae Park
- Department of Environment and Forest Resources College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Chungnam National University Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Fernando Casanoves
- CATIE – Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza Turrialba Costa Rica
| | - Diego Delgado
- CATIE – Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza Turrialba Costa Rica
| | - Go‐Eun Park
- Division of Forest Ecology National Institute for Forest Sciences (NIFOS) Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Bryan Finegan
- CATIE – Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza Turrialba Costa Rica
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40
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2,100 years of human adaptation to climate change in the High Andes. Nat Ecol Evol 2019; 4:66-74. [PMID: 31819239 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-019-1056-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Humid montane forests are challenging environments for human habitation. We used high-resolution fossil pollen, charcoal, diatom and sediment chemistry data from the iconic archaeological setting of Laguna de los Condores, Peru to reconstruct changing land uses and climates in a forested Andean valley. Forest clearance and maize cultivation were initiated during periods of drought, with periods of forest recovery occurring during wetter conditions. Between AD 800 and 1000 forest regrowth was evident, but this trend was reversed between AD 1000 and 1200 as drier conditions coincided with renewed land clearance, the establishment of a permanent village and the use of cliffs overlooking the lake as a burial site. By AD 1230 forests had regrown in the valley and maize cultivation was greatly reduced. An elevational transect investigating regional patterns showed a parallel, but earlier, history of reduced maize cultivation and forest regeneration at mid-elevation. However, a lowland site showed continuous maize agriculture until European conquest but very little subsequent change in forest cover. Divergent, climate-sensitive landscape histories do not support categorical assessments that forest regrowth and peak carbon sequestration coincided with European arrival.
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41
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Lusk CH, Grierson ERP, Laughlin DC. Large leaves in warm, moist environments confer an advantage in seedling light interception efficiency. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 223:1319-1327. [PMID: 30985943 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Leaf size varies conspicuously along environmental gradients. Small leaves help plants cope with drought and frost, because of the effect of leaf size on boundary layer conductance; it is less clear what advantage large leaves confer in benign environments. We asked if large leaves give species of warm climates an advantage in seedling light interception efficiency over small-leaved species from colder environments. We measured seedling leaf, architectural and biomass distribution traits of 18 New Zealand temperate rainforest evergreens; we then used a 3-D digitiser and the Yplant program to model leaf area display and light interception. Species associated with mild climates on average had larger leaves and larger specific leaf areas (SLA) than those from cold climates, and displayed larger effective foliage areas per unit of aboveground biomass, indicating higher light interception efficiency at whole-plant level. This reflected differences in total foliage area, rather than in self-shading. Our findings advance the understanding of leaf size by showing that large leaves enable seedlings of species with highly conductive (but frost-sensitive) xylem to deploy large foliage areas without increasing self-shading. Leaf size variation along temperature gradients in humid forests may therefore reflect a trade-off between seedling light interception efficiency and susceptibility to frost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher H Lusk
- Environmental Research Institute, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand
| | - Ella R P Grierson
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research, Sandringham 1142, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Daniel C Laughlin
- Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
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42
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Phillips J, Ramirez S, Wayson C, Duque A. Differences in carbon stocks along an elevational gradient in tropical mountain forests of Colombia. Biotropica 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Phillips
- Sistema de Monitoreo de Bosques y Carbono Instituto de Hidrología, Meteorología y Estudios Ambientales Bogotá D.C Colombia
- Doctorado en Ecología Universidad Nacional de Colombia Medellín Colombia
| | - Sebastian Ramirez
- Departamento de Ciencias Forestales Universidad Nacional de Colombia Medellín Colombia
| | - Craig Wayson
- International Programs USDA Forest Service Washington District of Columbia
| | - Alvaro Duque
- Departamento de Ciencias Forestales Universidad Nacional de Colombia Medellín Colombia
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43
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Ryan
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1499, USA
- USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fort Collins, CO, 80526, USA
| | - Shinichi Asao
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
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44
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Wang G, Guan D, Xiao L, Peart MR. Forest biomass-carbon variation affected by the climatic and topographic factors in Pearl River Delta, South China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 232:781-788. [PMID: 30529865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.11.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Subtropical forests function as important carbon sinks for atmospheric CO2. Nonetheless, there remain uncertainties about the effects of climate and topography on subtropical forest biomass-carbon stocks. A continuous biomass expansion factor (BEF) method was applied to forest inventory data to estimate biomass-carbon storage and carbon sink rate, and their changes along with abiotic and biotic factors in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) of South China. BEF equations were built using a set of field-based data. Biomass-carbon increased from 62.92 to 70.56 Mt along with forest growth and increasing forest area during the latest two periods of the national forest inventory (2004-8 and 2009-13). The PRD's forests continued to be net carbon sinks 0.51 t ha-1 yr-1. The PRD's forests have a high potential as biomass-carbon sinks in the future, because 46.75% of the forests are at the young or middle-aged stage. In addition, principal component analysis indicated that both biomass-carbon density and carbon sink rate were positively correlated with the area percentage of mature and over-mature forests, average annual precipitation and minimum temperature, but they were negatively correlated with average annual maximum temperature. Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated that biomass-carbon density and carbon sink rate affected by average altitude, while they were not related to the slope angle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- School of Management, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510520, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Dongsheng Guan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Ling Xiao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - M R Peart
- Department of Geography, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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45
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Horwath AB, Royles J, Tito R, Gudiño JA, Salazar Allen N, Farfan-Rios W, Rapp JM, Silman MR, Malhi Y, Swamy V, Latorre Farfan JP, Griffiths H. Bryophyte stable isotope composition, diversity and biomass define tropical montane cloud forest extent. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20182284. [PMID: 30963945 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.2284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liverworts and mosses are a major component of the epiphyte flora of tropical montane forest ecosystems. Canopy access was used to analyse the distribution and vertical stratification of bryophyte epiphytes within tree crowns at nine forest sites across a 3400 m elevational gradient in Peru, from the Amazonian basin to the high Andes. The stable isotope compositions of bryophyte organic material (13C/12C and 18O/16O) are associated with surface water diffusive limitations and, along with C/N content, provide a generic index for the extent of cloud immersion. From lowland to cloud forest δ13C increased from -33‰ to -27‰, while δ18O increased from 16.3‰ to 18.0‰. Epiphytic bryophyte and associated canopy soil biomass in the cloud immersion zone was estimated at up to 45 t dry mass ha-1, and overall water holding capacity was equivalent to a 20 mm precipitation event. The study emphasizes the importance of diverse bryophyte communities in sequestering carbon in threatened habitats, with stable isotope analysis allowing future elevational shifts in the cloud base associated with changes in climate to be tracked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline B Horwath
- 1 Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge , Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA , UK.,2 Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling , Stirling FK9 4LA , UK
| | - Jessica Royles
- 1 Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge , Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA , UK
| | - Richard Tito
- 3 Herbario Vargas (CUZ), Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco , Cusco , Peru.,4 Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia , Uberlândia, MG , Brazil
| | - José A Gudiño
- 5 Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute , PO Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama , Republic of Panama
| | - Noris Salazar Allen
- 5 Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute , PO Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama , Republic of Panama
| | - William Farfan-Rios
- 3 Herbario Vargas (CUZ), Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco , Cusco , Peru.,6 Department of Biology, Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem, NC 27106 , USA
| | - Joshua M Rapp
- 6 Department of Biology, Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem, NC 27106 , USA.,7 Harvard Forest, Harvard University , 324 North Main St, Petersham, MA 01366 , USA
| | - Miles R Silman
- 6 Department of Biology, Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem, NC 27106 , USA
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- 8 Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
| | - Varun Swamy
- 9 San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research , 15600 San Pasqual Valley Road, Escondido, CA 92027 , USA
| | - Jean Paul Latorre Farfan
- 3 Herbario Vargas (CUZ), Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco , Cusco , Peru.,10 Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Howard Griffiths
- 1 Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge , Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA , UK
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46
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Exploring the Sensitivity of Subtropical Stand Aboveground Productivity to Local and Regional Climate Signals in South China. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Subtropical forest productivity is significantly affected by both natural disturbances (local and regional climate changes) and anthropogenic activities (harvesting and planting). Monthly measures of forest aboveground productivity from natural forests (primary and secondary forests) and plantations (mixed and single-species forests) were developed to explore the sensitivity of subtropical mountain productivity to the fluctuating characteristics of climate change in South China, spanning the 35-year period from 1981 to 2015. Statistical analysis showed that climate regulation differed across different forest types. The monthly average maximum temperature, precipitation, and streamflow were positively correlated with primary and mixed-forest aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) and its components: Wood productivity (WP) and canopy productivity (CP). However, the monthly average maximum temperature, precipitation, and streamflow were negatively correlated with secondary and single-species forest ANPP and its components. The number of dry days and minimum temperature were positively associated with secondary and single-species forest productivity, but inversely associated with primary and mixed forest productivity. The multivariate ENSO (EI Niño-Southern Oscillation) index (MEI), computed based on sea level pressure, surface temperature, surface air temperature, and cloudiness over the tropical Pacific Ocean, was significantly correlated with local monthly maximum and minimum temperatures (Tmax and Tmin), precipitation (PRE), streamflow (FLO), and the number of dry days (DD), as well as the monthly means of primary and mixed forest aboveground productivity. In particular, the mean maximum temperature increased by 2.5, 0.9, 6.5, and 0.9 °C, and the total forest aboveground productivity decreased by an average of 5.7%, 3.0%, 2.4%, and 7.8% in response to the increased extreme high temperatures and drought events during the 1986/1988, 1997/1998, 2006/2007, and 2009/2010 EI Niño periods, respectively. Subsequently, the total aboveground productivity values increased by an average of 1.1%, 3.0%, 0.3%, and 8.6% because of lagged effects after the wet La Niña periods. The main conclusions of this study demonstrated that the influence of local and regional climatic fluctuations on subtropical forest productivity significantly differed across different forests, and community position and plant diversity differences among different forest types may prevent the uniform response of subtropical mountain aboveground productivity to regional climate anomalies. Therefore, these findings may be useful for forecasting climate-induced variation in forest aboveground productivity as well as for selecting tree species for planting in reforestation practices.
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47
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Growth and Needle Properties of Young Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc. Trees across an Elevational Gradient. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A better understanding of the response of plant growth to elevational gradients may shed light on how plants respond to environmental variation and on the physiological mechanisms underlying these responses. This study analyzed whole plant growth and physiological and morphological properties of needles in young Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc. trees at thirteen points along an elevational gradient ranging from 750 to 1350 m above sea level (a.s.l.) at the end of a growing season on Changbai Mountain in northeastern China. Sampling and analyses indicated the following; (1) many needle properties of P. koraiensis varied with forest type along the elevational gradient though some needle properties (e.g., intrinsic water use efficiency, concentration of chlorophyll, and leaf mass per area) did not change with elevation and forest types; (2) growth was significantly influenced by both forest type and elevation and growth of saplings in P. koraiensis and mixed broadleaved forests was greater than that in evergreen forests and increased with elevation in both forest types; (3) in P. koraiensis and mixed broadleaved forests, there were significant correlations between growth properties and light saturation point, leaf water potential, mean within-crown humidity, annual precipitation, cumulative temperature (≥5 ∘ C), within-crown air temperature, and atmospheric pressure; while in evergreen forests, the leaf C, leaf P content, net rate of light saturation in photosynthesis, water content of soil, within-crown humidity, annual precipitation, cumulative temperature (≥5 ∘ C), within-crown air temperature, and total soil P content displayed a significant relationship with plant growth. These results may help illuminate how P. koraiensis responds to environmental variation and evaluate the adaptive potential of Pinus koraiensis to climate change. Data presented here could also contribute to the more accurate estimation of carbon stocks in this area and to refinement of a plant trait database.
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Bauters M, Verbeeck H, Rütting T, Barthel M, Bazirake Mujinya B, Bamba F, Bodé S, Boyemba F, Bulonza E, Carlsson E, Eriksson L, Makelele I, Six J, Cizungu Ntaboba L, Boeckx P. Contrasting nitrogen fluxes in African tropical forests of the Congo Basin. ECOL MONOGR 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marijn Bauters
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory - ISOFYS; Department of Green Chemistry and Technology; Ghent University; Coupure Links 653 9000 Gent Belgium
- CAVElab, Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology; Department of Environment; Ghent University; Coupure Links 653 9000 Gent Belgium
| | - Hans Verbeeck
- CAVElab, Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology; Department of Environment; Ghent University; Coupure Links 653 9000 Gent Belgium
| | - Tobias Rütting
- Department of Earth Sciences; University of Gothenburg; Box 460 405 30 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Matti Barthel
- Sustainable Agroecosystems; Department of Environmental Systems Science; ETH Zürich; Tannenstrasse 1 8092 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Basile Bazirake Mujinya
- Laboratory of Soil Science; Department of General Agricultural Sciences; University of Lubumbashi; PO Box 1825 Lubumbashi Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Fernando Bamba
- Faculté d'Agronomie; Université Catholique de Bukavu; Avenue de la Mission, Box 285 Bukavu Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Samuel Bodé
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory - ISOFYS; Department of Green Chemistry and Technology; Ghent University; Coupure Links 653 9000 Gent Belgium
| | - Faustin Boyemba
- Plant Department; Faculty of Science; Université de Kisangani; Kisangani Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Emmanuel Bulonza
- Faculté d'Agronomie; Université Catholique de Bukavu; Avenue de la Mission, Box 285 Bukavu Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Elin Carlsson
- Department of Earth Sciences; University of Gothenburg; Box 460 405 30 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Linnéa Eriksson
- Department of Earth Sciences; University of Gothenburg; Box 460 405 30 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Isaac Makelele
- Faculté d'Agronomie; Université Catholique de Bukavu; Avenue de la Mission, Box 285 Bukavu Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Johan Six
- Sustainable Agroecosystems; Department of Environmental Systems Science; ETH Zürich; Tannenstrasse 1 8092 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Landry Cizungu Ntaboba
- Faculté d'Agronomie; Université Catholique de Bukavu; Avenue de la Mission, Box 285 Bukavu Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Pascal Boeckx
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory - ISOFYS; Department of Green Chemistry and Technology; Ghent University; Coupure Links 653 9000 Gent Belgium
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49
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Chen G, Hobbie SE, Reich PB, Yang Y, Robinson D. Allometry of fine roots in forest ecosystems. Ecol Lett 2018; 22:322-331. [PMID: 30488519 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Theoretical predictions regarding fine root production are needed in many ecosystem models but are lacking. Here, we expand the classic pipe model to fine roots and predict isometric scaling relationships between leaf and fine root biomass and among all major biomass production components of individual trees. We also predict that fine root production scales more slowly against increases in leaf production across global forest ecosystems at the stand level. Using meta-analysis, we show fine root biomass scales isometrically against leaf biomass both at the individual tree and stand level. However, despite isometric scaling between stem and coarse root production, fine root production scales against leaf production with a slope of about 0.8 at the stand level, which probably results from more rapid increase of turnover rate in leaves than in fine roots. These analyses help to improve our understandings of allometric theory and controls of belowground C processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangshui Chen
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology, Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province Funded, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Sarah E Hobbie
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Peter B Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.,Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, 2753, Australia
| | - Yusheng Yang
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology, Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province Funded, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - David Robinson
- Institute of Biological & Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, UK
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50
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Doughty CE, Santos-Andrade PE, Shenkin A, Goldsmith GR, Bentley LP, Blonder B, Díaz S, Salinas N, Enquist BJ, Martin RE, Asner GP, Malhi Y. Tropical forest leaves may darken in response to climate change. Nat Ecol Evol 2018; 2:1918-1924. [PMID: 30455442 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-018-0716-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Tropical forest leaf albedo (reflectance) greatly impacts how much energy the planet absorbs; however; little is known about how it might be impacted by climate change. Here, we measure leaf traits and leaf albedo at ten 1-ha plots along a 3,200-m elevation gradient in Peru. Leaf mass per area (LMA) decreased with warmer temperatures along the elevation gradient; the distribution of LMA was positively skewed at all sites indicating a shift in LMA towards a warmer climate and future reduced tropical LMA. Reduced LMA was significantly (P < 0.0001) correlated with reduced leaf near-infrared (NIR) albedo; community-weighted mean NIR albedo significantly (P < 0.01) decreased as temperature increased. A potential future 2 °C increase in tropical temperatures could reduce lowland tropical leaf LMA by 6-7 g m-2 (5-6%) and reduce leaf NIR albedo by 0.0015-0.002 units. Reduced NIR albedo means that leaves are darker and absorb more of the Sun's energy. Climate simulations indicate this increased absorbed energy will warm tropical forests more at high CO2 conditions with proportionately more energy going towards heating and less towards evapotranspiration and cloud formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E Doughty
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA.
| | | | - Alexander Shenkin
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gregory R Goldsmith
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Lisa P Bentley
- Department of Biology, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Blonder
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sandra Díaz
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, CONICET and Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Norma Salinas
- Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, Peru.,Seccion Quimica, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru, Lima, Peru
| | - Brian J Enquist
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Roberta E Martin
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gregory P Asner
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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