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Fuchs B, Helander M, Saikkonen K, Dobrev PI, Vankova R, Blande JD, Salminen JP, Luntamo N, Muola A. Plant metabolic responses to soil herbicide residues differ under herbivory in two woodland strawberry genotypes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174198. [PMID: 38914330 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
The use of glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) to control weeds has increased exponentially in recent decades, and their residues and degradation products have been found in soils across the globe. GBH residues in soil have been shown to affect plant physiology and specialised metabolite biosynthesis, which, in turn, may impact plant resistance to biotic stressors. In a greenhouse study, we investigated the interactive effects between soil GBH residues and herbivory on the performance, phytohormone concentrations, phenolic compound concentrations and volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions of two woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca) genotypes, which were classified as herbivore resistant and herbivore susceptible. Plants were subjected to herbivory by strawberry leaf beetle (Galerucella tenella) larvae, and to GBH residues by growing in soil collected from a field site with GBH treatments twice a year over the past eight years. Soil GBH residues reduced the belowground biomass of the susceptible genotype and the aboveground biomass of both woodland strawberry genotypes. Herbivory increased the belowground biomass of the resistant genotype and the root-shoot ratio of both genotypes. At the metabolite level, herbivory induced the emission of several VOCs. Jasmonic acid, abscisic acid and auxin concentrations were induced by herbivory, in contrast to salicylic acid, which was only induced by herbivory in combination with soil GBH residues in the resistant genotype. The concentrations of phenolic compounds were higher in the resistant genotype compared to the susceptible genotype and were induced by soil GBH residues in the resistant genotype. Our results indicate that soil GBH residues can differentially affect plant performance, phytohormone concentrations and phenolic compound concentrations under herbivore attack, in a genotype-dependent manner. Soil GBH altered plant responses to herbivory, which may impact plant resistance traits and species interactions. With ongoing agrochemical pollution, we need to consider plant cultivars with better resistance to polluted soils while maintaining plant resilience under challenging environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Fuchs
- Biodiversity Unit, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland.
| | - Marjo Helander
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Kari Saikkonen
- Biodiversity Unit, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Petre I Dobrev
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojova 263, 16502 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radomira Vankova
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojova 263, 16502 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - James D Blande
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juha-Pekka Salminen
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, FI-20014, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Niko Luntamo
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, FI-20014, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Anne Muola
- Biodiversity Unit, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland; Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
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Hay AE, Deborde C, Dussarrat T, Moing A, Millery A, Hoang TPT, Touboul D, Rey M, Ledru L, Ibanez S, Pétriacq P, Vanhaverbeke C, Gallet C. Comparative metabolomics reveals how the severity of predation by the invasive insect Cydalima perspectalis modulates the metabolism re-orchestration of native Buxus sempervirens. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2024. [PMID: 38985650 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The recent biological invasion of box tree moth Cydalima perspectalis on Buxus trees has a major impact on European boxwood stands through severe defoliation. This can hinder further regrowth and threaten survival of populations. In a mesocosm approach and controlled larval density over a 2-month period, responses of B. sempervirens essential and specialized metabolites were characterized using metabolomics, combining 1H-NMR and LC-MS/MS approaches. This is the first metabolome depiction of major Buxus responses to boxwood moth invasion. Under severe predation, remaining green leaves accumulate free amino acids (with the noticeable exception of proline). The leaf trans-4-hydroxystachydrine and stachydrine reached 10-13% and 2-3% (DW), while root content was lower but also modulated by predation level. Larval predation promoted triterpenoid and (steroidal) alkaloid synthesis and diversification, while flavonoids did not seem to have a relevant role in Buxus resistance. Our results reveal the concomitant responses of central and specialized metabolism, in relation to severity of predation. They also confirm the potential of metabolic profiling using 1H-NMR and LC-MS to detect re-orchestration of metabolism of native boxwood after severe herbivorous predation by the invasive box-tree moth, and thus their relevance for plant-insect relationships and ecometabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Hay
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - CESN, UMR CNRS 5557, UMR INRAE 1418, VetAgro Sup, Villeurbanne, France
| | - C Deborde
- Université Bordeaux, INRAE, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, UMR 1332, Bordeaux, France
- Bordeaux Metabolome, MetaboHUB, PHENOME-EMPHASIS, Bordeaux, France
| | - T Dussarrat
- Université Bordeaux, INRAE, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, UMR 1332, Bordeaux, France
| | - A Moing
- Université Bordeaux, INRAE, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, UMR 1332, Bordeaux, France
- Bordeaux Metabolome, MetaboHUB, PHENOME-EMPHASIS, Bordeaux, France
| | - A Millery
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine UMR CNRS 5553, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - T P T Hoang
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D Touboul
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M Rey
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - CESN, UMR CNRS 5557, UMR INRAE 1418, VetAgro Sup, Villeurbanne, France
| | - L Ledru
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine UMR CNRS 5553, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - S Ibanez
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine UMR CNRS 5553, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - P Pétriacq
- Université Bordeaux, INRAE, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, UMR 1332, Bordeaux, France
- Bordeaux Metabolome, MetaboHUB, PHENOME-EMPHASIS, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - C Gallet
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine UMR CNRS 5553, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
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Sevarika M, Beccari G, Tini F, Ederli L, Bellezza I, Covarelli L, Romani R. Effect of the mycotoxins enniatin B and deoxynivalenol on the wheat aphid Sitobion avenae and on the predatory lacewing Chrysoperla carnea. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:2991-2999. [PMID: 38312069 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fusarium species are responsible for Fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat, resulting in yield losses and mycotoxin contamination. Deoxynivalenol (DON) and enniatins (ENNs) are common mycotoxins produced by Fusarium, affecting plant, animal and human health. Although DON's effects have been widely studied, limited research has explored the impact of ENNs on insects. This study examines the influence of DON and enniatin B (ENB), both singularly and in combination, on the wheat aphid Sitobion avenae and one of its predators, the lacewing Chrysoperla carnea. RESULTS When exposed to DON (100 mg L-1) or DON + ENB (100 mg L-1), S. avenae exhibited significantly increased mortality compared to the negative control. ENB (100 mg L-1) had no significant effect on aphid mortality. DON-treated aphids showed increasing mortality from 48 to 96 h. A dose-response relationship with DON revealed significant cumulative mortality starting at 25 mg L-1. By contrast, C. carnea larvae exposed to mycotoxins via cuticular application did not show significant differences in mortality when mycotoxins were dissolved in water but exhibited increased mortality with acetone-solubilized DON + ENB (100 mg L-1). Feeding C. carnea with aphids exposed to mycotoxins (indirect exposure) did not impact their survival or predatory activity. Additionally, the impact of mycotoxins on C. carnea was observed only with acetone-solubilized DON + ENB. CONCLUSIONS These findings shed light on the complex interactions involving mycotoxins, aphids and their predators, offering valuable insights for integrated pest management strategies. Further research should explore broader ecological consequences of mycotoxin contamination in agroecosystems. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos Sevarika
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Beccari
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Tini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Luisa Ederli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Bellezza
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Covarelli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberto Romani
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Lu H, Zheng S, Ma C, Gao X, Ji J, Luo J, Hua H, Cui J. Integrated Omics Analysis Reveals Key Pathways in Cotton Defense against Mirid Bug ( Adelphocoris suturalis Jakovlev) Feeding. INSECTS 2024; 15:254. [PMID: 38667384 PMCID: PMC11049813 DOI: 10.3390/insects15040254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The recent dominance of Adelphocoris suturalis Jakovlev as the primary cotton field pest in Bt-cotton-cultivated areas has generated significant interest in cotton pest control research. This study addresses the limited understanding of cotton defense mechanisms triggered by A. suturalis feeding. Utilizing LC-QTOF-MS, we analyzed cotton metabolomic changes induced by A. suturalis, and identified 496 differential positive ions (374 upregulated, 122 downregulated) across 11 categories, such as terpenoids, alkaloids, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, isoflavones, etc. Subsequent iTRAQ-LC-MS/MS analysis of the cotton proteome revealed 1569 differential proteins enriched in 35 metabolic pathways. Integrated metabolome and proteome analysis highlighted significant upregulation of 17 (89%) proteases in the α-linolenic acid (ALA) metabolism pathway, concomitant with a significant increase in 14 (88%) associated metabolites. Conversely, 19 (73%) proteases in the fructose and mannose biosynthesis pathway were downregulated, with 7 (27%) upregulated proteases corresponding to the downregulation of 8 pathway-associated metabolites. Expression analysis of key regulators in the ALA pathway, including allene oxidase synthase (AOS), phospholipase A (PLA), allene oxidative cyclase (AOC), and 12-oxophytodienoate reductase3 (OPR3), demonstrated significant responses to A. suturalis feeding. Finally, this study pioneers the exploration of molecular mechanisms in the plant-insect relationship, thereby offering insights into potential novel control strategies against this cotton pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 38, Huanghe Road, Anyang 455000, China; (H.L.); (J.J.); (J.L.)
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant, Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- Green Agricultural Products Safety and Warning Laboratory, Research Center of Soil Resource Comprehensive Utilization and Ecological Environment in Western Inner Mongolia, Hetao College, Bayannur 015000, China
| | - Shuaichao Zheng
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, College of Life Science, Hualan St. 90, Xinxiang 453003, China;
| | - Chao Ma
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei 230601, China;
| | - Xueke Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 38, Huanghe Road, Anyang 455000, China; (H.L.); (J.J.); (J.L.)
| | - Jichao Ji
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 38, Huanghe Road, Anyang 455000, China; (H.L.); (J.J.); (J.L.)
| | - Junyu Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 38, Huanghe Road, Anyang 455000, China; (H.L.); (J.J.); (J.L.)
| | - Hongxia Hua
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant, Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Jinjie Cui
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 38, Huanghe Road, Anyang 455000, China; (H.L.); (J.J.); (J.L.)
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Xia X, Wang Q, Gurr GM, Vasseur L, Han S, You M. Gut bacteria mediated adaptation of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, to secondary metabolites of host plants. mSystems 2023; 8:e0082623. [PMID: 37909778 PMCID: PMC10734469 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00826-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE In this study, we identify an important role of gut bacteria in mediating the adaptation of diamondback moth (DBM) to plant secondary metabolites. We demonstrate that kaempferol's presence in radish seedlings greatly reduces the fitness of DBM with depleted gut biota. Reinstatement of gut biota, particularly Enterobacter sp. EbPXG5, improved insect performance by degrading kaempferol. This bacterium was common in the larval gut of DBM, lining the epithelium as a protective film. Our work highlights the role of symbiotic bacteria in insect herbivore adaptation to plant defenses and provides a practical and mechanistic framework for developing a more comprehensive understanding of insect-gut microbe-host plant co-evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian‐Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian‐Taiwan Joint Innovation Centre for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian‐Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian‐Taiwan Joint Innovation Centre for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Geoff M. Gurr
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian‐Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fuzhou, China
- Graham Centre, Charles Sturt University, Orange, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Liette Vasseur
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian‐Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shuncai Han
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian‐Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian‐Taiwan Joint Innovation Centre for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Minsheng You
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian‐Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian‐Taiwan Joint Innovation Centre for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Yang F, Shen H, Huang T, Yao Q, Hu J, Tang J, Zhang R, Tong H, Wu Q, Zhang Y, Su Q. Flavonoid production in tomato mediates both direct and indirect plant defences against whiteflies in tritrophic interactions. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:4644-4654. [PMID: 37442806 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of plant flavonoids in direct defences against chewing and sap-sucking herbivorous insects has been extensively characterized. However, little is known about flavonoid-mediated tritrophic interactions between plants, herbivorous insects and natural enemies. In this study, we investigated how flavonoids modulate plant-insect interactions in a tritrophic system involving near-isogenic lines (NILs) of cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) with high (line NIL-purple hypocotyl [PH]) and low (line NIL-green hypocotyl [GH]) flavonoid levels, with a generalist herbivore whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) and its predatory bug (Orius sauteri). RESULTS By contrasting levels of tomato flavonoids (direct defence) while manipulating the presence of predators (indirect defence), we found that high production of flavonoids in tomato was associated with a higher inducibility of direct defences and a stronger plant resistance to whitefly infestation and stimulated the emissions of induced volatile organic compounds, thereby increasing the attractiveness of B. tabaci-infested plants to the predator O. sauteri. Furthermore, suppression of B. tabaci population growth and enhancement of plant growth were mediated directly by the high production of flavonoids and indirectly by the attraction of O. sauteri, and the combined effects were larger than each effect individually. CONCLUSION Our results show that high flavonoid production in tomato enhances herbivore-induced direct and indirect defences to better defend against herbivores in tritrophic interactions. Thus, the development of transgenic plants may present an opportunity to utilize the beneficial role of flavonoids in integrated pest management, while simultaneously maintaining or improving resistance against other pests and pathogens. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengbo Yang
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Hubei Engineering Technology Center for Forewarning and Management of Agricultural and Forestry Pests, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Haowei Shen
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Hubei Engineering Technology Center for Forewarning and Management of Agricultural and Forestry Pests, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Tianyu Huang
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Hubei Engineering Technology Center for Forewarning and Management of Agricultural and Forestry Pests, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Qixi Yao
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Hubei Engineering Technology Center for Forewarning and Management of Agricultural and Forestry Pests, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Jinyu Hu
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Hubei Engineering Technology Center for Forewarning and Management of Agricultural and Forestry Pests, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Tang
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Hubei Engineering Technology Center for Forewarning and Management of Agricultural and Forestry Pests, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Hubei Engineering Technology Center for Forewarning and Management of Agricultural and Forestry Pests, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Tong
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Hubei Engineering Technology Center for Forewarning and Management of Agricultural and Forestry Pests, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Qingjun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Youjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Su
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Hubei Engineering Technology Center for Forewarning and Management of Agricultural and Forestry Pests, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
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Xiang X, Liu S, Li H, Danso Ofori A, Yi X, Zheng A. Defense Strategies of Rice in Response to the Attack of the Herbivorous Insect, Chilo suppressalis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14361. [PMID: 37762665 PMCID: PMC10531896 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chilo suppressalis is a notorious pest that attacks rice, feeding throughout the entire growth period of rice and posing a serious threat to rice production worldwide. Due to the boring behavior and overlapping generations of C. suppressalis, the pest is difficult to control. Moreover, no rice variety with high resistance to the striped stem borer (SSB) has been found in the available rice germplasm, which also poses a challenge to controlling the SSB. At present, chemical control is widely used in agricultural production to manage the problem, but its effect is limited and it also pollutes the environment. Therefore, developing genetic resistance is the only way to avoid the use of chemical insecticides. This article primarily focuses on the research status of the induced defense of rice against the SSB from the perspective of immunity, in which plant hormones (such as jasmonic acid and ethylene) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) play an important role in the immune response of rice to the SSB. The article also reviews progress in using transgenic technology to study the relationship between rice and the SSB as well as exploring the resistance genes. Lastly, the article discusses prospects for future research on rice's resistance to the SSB.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Aiping Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.X.); (S.L.); (H.L.); (A.D.O.); (X.Y.)
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8
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Costan CA, Godsoe W, Bufford JL, Hulme PE. Comparing the Above and Below-Ground Chemical Defences of Three Rumex Species Between Their Native and Introduced Provenances. J Chem Ecol 2023; 49:276-286. [PMID: 37121960 PMCID: PMC10495513 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-023-01427-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Compared to their native range, non-native plants often experience reduced levels of herbivory in the introduced range. This may result in reduced pressure to produce chemical defences that act against herbivores. We measured the most abundant secondary metabolites found in Rumex spp., namely oxalates, phenols and tannins. To test this hypothesis, we compared native (UK) and introduced (NZ) provenances of three different Rumex species (R. obtusifolius, R. crispus and R. conglomeratus, Polygonaceae) to assess whether any significant differences existed in their levels of chemical defences in either leaves and roots. All three species have previously been shown to support a lower diversity of insect herbivores and experience less herbivory in the introduced range. We further examined leaf herbivory on plants from both provenances when grown together in a common garden experiment in New Zealand to test whether any differences in damage might be consistent with variation in the quantity of chemical defences. We found that two Rumex species (R. obtusifolius and R. crispus) showed no evidence for a reduction in chemical defences, while a third (R. conglomeratus) showed only limited evidence. The common garden experiment revealed that the leaves analysed had low levels of herbivory (~ 0.5%) with no differences in damage between provenances for any of the three study species. Roots tended to have a higher concentration of tannins than shoots, but again showed no difference between the provenances. As such, the findings of this study provide no evidence for lower plant investments in chemical defences, suggesting that other factors explain the success of Rumex spp. in New Zealand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian-Andrei Costan
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln, Canterbury 7647 New Zealand
- Foundation for Arable Research, Templeton, Canterbury 7678 New Zealand
| | - William Godsoe
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln, Canterbury 7647 New Zealand
| | - Jennifer L. Bufford
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln, Canterbury 7647 New Zealand
- Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research, Lincoln, Canterbury 7647 New Zealand
| | - Philip E. Hulme
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln, Canterbury 7647 New Zealand
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Mezzomo P, Weinhold A, Aurová K, Jorge LR, Kozel P, Michálek J, Nováková N, Seifert CL, Volfová T, Engström M, Salminen J, Sedio BE, Volf M. Leaf volatile and nonvolatile metabolites show different levels of specificity in response to herbivory. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10123. [PMID: 37255847 PMCID: PMC10225982 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants produce diverse chemical defenses with contrasting effects on different insect herbivores. Deploying herbivore-specific responses can help plants increase their defensive efficiency. Here, we explore how variation in induced plant responses correlates with herbivore species, order, feeding guild, and level of specialization. In a greenhouse experiment, we exposed 149 plants of Salix fragilis (Linnaeus, 1753) to 22 herbivore species naturally associated with this host. The insects belonged to four orders (Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Hemiptera, and Hymenoptera), three feeding guilds (external leaf-chewers, leaf-tying chewers, and sap-sucking), and included both dietary specialists and generalists. Following herbivory, we quantified induced changes in volatiles and nonvolatile leaf metabolites. We performed multivariate analyses to assess the correlation between herbivore order, feeding guild, dietary specialization, chewing damage by herbivores, and induced responses. The volatile composition was best explained by chewing damage and insect order, with Coleoptera and Lepidoptera eliciting significantly different responses. Furthermore, we recorded significant differences in elicited volatiles among some species within the two orders. Variation in nonvolatile leaf metabolites was mainly explained by the presence of insects, as plants exposed to herbivores showed significantly different metabolites from controls. Herbivore order also played a role to some extent, with beetles eliciting different responses than other herbivores. The induction of volatile and nonvolatile leaf metabolites shows different levels of specificity. The specificity in volatiles could potentially serve as an important cue to specialized predators or parasitoids, increasing the efficacy of volatiles as indirect defenses. By contrast, the induction of nonvolatile leaf metabolites was largely unaffected by herbivore identity. Most nonvolatile metabolites were downregulated, possibly indicating that plants redirected their resources from leaves in response to herbivory. Our results demonstrate how diverse responses to herbivores can contribute to the diversity of plant defensive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Mezzomo
- Biology Centre CASInstitute of EntomologyCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
- Faculty of ScienceUniversity of South BohemiaCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
| | - Alexander Weinhold
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of BiodiversityUniversity of JenaJenaGermany
| | - Klára Aurová
- Biology Centre CASInstitute of EntomologyCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
| | - Leonardo R. Jorge
- Biology Centre CASInstitute of EntomologyCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
| | - Petr Kozel
- Biology Centre CASInstitute of EntomologyCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
- Faculty of ScienceUniversity of South BohemiaCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
| | - Jan Michálek
- Centre Algatech CASInstitute of MicrobiologyTřeboňCzech Republic
- Biology Centre CASInstitute of ParasitologyCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
| | - Nela Nováková
- Faculty of ScienceUniversity of South BohemiaCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
| | - Carlo L. Seifert
- Department of Forest Nature Conservation, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest EcologyGeorg‐August‐University GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Tereza Volfová
- Biology Centre CASInstitute of EntomologyCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
- Faculty of ScienceUniversity of South BohemiaCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
| | | | | | - Brian E. Sedio
- Department of Integrative BiologyUniversity of Texas at AustinAustinTexasUSA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteBalboa, AncónRepublic of Panama
| | - Martin Volf
- Biology Centre CASInstitute of EntomologyCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
- Faculty of ScienceUniversity of South BohemiaCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
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10
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Yang C, Bai Y, Halitschke R, Gase K, Baldwin G, Baldwin IT. Exploring the metabolic basis of growth/defense trade-offs in complex environments with Nicotiana attenuata plants cosilenced in NaMYC2a/b expression. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:349-366. [PMID: 36636784 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In response to challenges from herbivores and competitors, plants use fitness-limiting resources to produce (auto)toxic defenses. Jasmonate signaling, mediated by MYC2 transcription factors (TF), is thought to reconfigure metabolism to minimize these formal costs of defense and optimize fitness in complex environments. To study the context-dependence of this metabolic reconfiguration, we cosilenced NaMYC2a/b by RNAi in Nicotiana attenuata and phenotyped plants in the field and increasingly realistic glasshouse setups with competitors and mobile herbivores. NaMYC2a/b had normal phytohormonal responses, and higher growth and fitness in herbivore-reduced environments, but were devastated in high herbivore-load environments in the field due to diminished accumulations of specialized metabolites. In setups with competitors and mobile herbivores, irMYC2a/b plants had lower fitness than empty vector (EV) in single-genotype setups but increased fitness in mixed-genotype setups. Correlational analyses of metabolic, resistance, and growth traits revealed the expected defense/growth associations for most sectors of primary and specialized metabolism. Notable exceptions were some HGL-DTGs and phenolamides that differed between single-genotype and mixed-genotype setups, consistent with expectations of a blurred functional trichotomy of metabolites. MYC2 TFs mediate the reconfiguration of primary and specialized metabolic sectors to allow plants to optimize their fitness in complex environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiqiong Yang
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, Jena, D-07745, Germany
| | - Yuechen Bai
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, Jena, D-07745, Germany
| | - Rayko Halitschke
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, Jena, D-07745, Germany
| | - Klaus Gase
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, Jena, D-07745, Germany
| | - Gundega Baldwin
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, Jena, D-07745, Germany
| | - Ian T Baldwin
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, Jena, D-07745, Germany
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11
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Chen H, Chen C, Huang S, Zhao M, Wang T, Jiang T, Wang C, Tao Z, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Wang W, Tang Q, Li P. Inactivation of RPX1 in Arabidopsis confers resistance to Plutella xylostella through the accumulation of the homoterpene DMNT. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:946-961. [PMID: 36582057 PMCID: PMC10107731 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The lepidopteran crop pest Plutella xylostella causes severe constraints on Brassica cultivation. Here, we report a novel role for RPX1 (resistance to P. xylostella) in resistance to this pest in Arabidopsis thaliana. The rpx1-1 mutant repels P. xylostella larvae, and feeding on the rpx1-1 mutant severely damages the peritrophic matrix structure in the midgut of the larvae, thereby negatively affecting larval growth and pupation. This resistance results from the accumulation of defence compounds, including the homoterpene (3E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (DMNT), due to the upregulation of PENTACYCLIC TRITERPENE SYNTHASE 1 (PEN1), which encodes a key DMNT biosynthetic enzyme. P. xylostella infestation and wounding induce RPX1 protein degradation, which may confer a rapid response to insect infestation. RPX1 inactivation and PEN1 overexpression are not associated with negative trade-offs for plant growth but have much higher seed production than the wild-type in the presence of P. xylostella infestation. This study offers a new strategy for plant molecular breeding against P. xylostella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Chen
- The National Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life SciencesAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Chen Chen
- The National Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life SciencesAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
- Department of Microbiology, the Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Anhui Province, the Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of High Institutions in Anhui, School of Basic Medical SciencesAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Shijie Huang
- The National Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life SciencesAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Mengjie Zhao
- The National Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life SciencesAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Tengyue Wang
- The National Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life SciencesAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Taoshan Jiang
- The National Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life SciencesAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Chuanhong Wang
- The National Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life SciencesAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Zhen Tao
- The National Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life SciencesAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Yan Zhang
- The National Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life SciencesAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Yunhe Wang
- The National Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life SciencesAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Wanyi Wang
- The National Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life SciencesAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Qingfeng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant ProtectionAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Peijin Li
- The National Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life SciencesAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
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12
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Gallan DZ, Penteriche AB, Henrique MO, Silva-Filho MC. Sugarcane multitrophic interactions: Integrating belowground and aboveground organisms. Genet Mol Biol 2022; 46:e20220163. [PMID: 36512714 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2022-0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugarcane is a crop of major importance used mainly for sugar and biofuel production, and many additional applications of its byproducts are being developed. Sugarcane cultivation is plagued by many insect pests and pathogens that reduce sugarcane yields overall. Recently emerging studies have shown complex multitrophic interactions in cultivated areas, such as the induction of sugarcane defense-related proteins by insect herbivory that function against fungal pathogens that commonly appear after mechanical damage. Fungi and viruses infecting sugarcane also modulate insect behavior, for example, by causing changes in volatile compounds responsible for insect attraction or repelling natural vector enemies via a mechanism that increases pathogen dissemination from infected plants to healthy ones. Interestingly, the fungus Fusarium verticillioides is capable of being vertically transmitted to insect offspring, ensuring its persistence in the field. Understanding multitrophic complexes is important to develop better strategies for controlling pathosystems affecting sugarcane and other important crops and highlights the importance of not only studying binary interactions but also adding as many variables as possible to effectively translate laboratory research to real-life conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Z Gallan
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Departamento de Genética, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Augusto B Penteriche
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Departamento de Genética, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Maressa O Henrique
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Departamento de Genética, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcio C Silva-Filho
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Departamento de Genética, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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13
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Huang WQ, Zeng G, Zhi JR, Qiu XY, Yin ZJ. Exogenous Calcium Suppresses the Oviposition Choices of Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and Promotes the Attraction of Orius similis (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) by Altering Volatile Blend Emissions in Kidney Bean Plants. INSECTS 2022; 13:1127. [PMID: 36555037 PMCID: PMC9785530 DOI: 10.3390/insects13121127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Frankliniella occidentalis is a destructive pest of horticultural plants, while Orius similis is a natural enemy of thrips. It has been demonstrated that exogenous calcium could induce plant defenses against herbivore attack. We examined whether CaCl2 supplementation altered the volatile emissions of kidney bean plants, which influence the oviposition preference of F. occidentalis. We also assessed the influence of volatile cues on O. similis. Using Y-tube olfactometer tests, we found that exogenous CaCl2 treatment inhibited the selectivity of F. occidentalis but attracted O. similis. In addition, CaCl2 treatment reduced the oviposition preference of F. occidentalis. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses revealed that CaCl2 treatment altered the number and relative abundance of the volatile compounds in kidney bean plants and that (E)-2-hexen-1-ol, 1-octen-3-ol, β-lonone, and (E,E)-2,4-hexadienal might be potential olfactory cues. Furthermore, the results of the six-arm olfactometer test indicated that 1-octen-3-ol (10-2 μL/μL), β-lonone (10-2 μL/μL), and (E,E)-2,4-hexadienal (10-3 μL/μL) repelled F. occidentalis but attracted O. similis. Overall, our results suggested that exogenous CaCl2 treatment induced defense responses in kidney bean plants, suggesting that CaCl2 supplementation may be a promising strategy to enhance the biological control of F. occidentalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Qing Huang
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management in the Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Guang Zeng
- Department of Resources and Environment, Moutai Institute, Renhuai 564507, China
| | - Jun-Rui Zhi
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management in the Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xin-Yue Qiu
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management in the Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhen-Juan Yin
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management in the Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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14
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Zheng S, Liu W, Luo J, Wang L, Zhu X, Gao X, Hua H, Cui J. Helicoverpa armigera herbivory negatively impacts Aphis gossypii populations via inducible metabolic changes. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:2357-2369. [PMID: 35254729 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicoverpa armigera and Aphis gossypii are two important insect species that feed on cotton plants. These insects have distinct abilities to induce plant resistance and tolerate plant toxins, which results in interspecific competition imbalance that may be fatal to the low-tolerance A. gossypii and force these insects to develop avoidance behaviors and subsequently separate from their niche. We implemented ecological experiments to test the effects of H. armigera-induced plant resistance and behavioral avoidance in A. gossypii, and employed transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses to reveal changes in resistance genes and metabolites in plants. RESULTS Our results demonstrate that cotton plants induced by H. armigera cause significant inhibitory and avoidance effects on A. gossypii insect populations. Electrical penetration graph (EPG) analysis showed changes in plant resistance induced by H. armigera leading to a decreased feeding efficiency of A. gossypii. In addition, genes associated with jasmonic acid and ethylene signaling pathways were significantly up-regulated in cotton plants after H. armigera induction, which led to a significant up-regulation of metabolites inducing plant resistance. These observations were corroborated by bioactivity analysis on metabolites, which showed that jasmonic acid, gossypol and tannins have significant inhibitory effects on A. gossypii populations. In contrast, methylparaben is associated with avoidance behaviors on A. gossypii populations. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that the differences in the ability to induce plant resistance and tolerance between two non-predatory insects were lethal to low-tolerance A. gossypii insects, which might be a major factor determining their niche differentiation. This was further demonstrated by screening anti-insect and bio-hormonal metabolites. Our study provides a reference for investigating the evolutionary relationship between non-predatory insects and insights to implement effective insect biocontrol. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaichao Zheng
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weijiao Liu
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Junyu Luo
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Lisha Wang
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Xiangzhen Zhu
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Xueke Gao
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Hongxia Hua
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinjie Cui
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
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15
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Ali MY, Naseem T, Zhang J, Pan M, Zhang F, Liu TX. Plant Volatiles and Herbivore Induced Plant Volatiles from Chili Pepper Act as Attractant of the Aphid Parasitoid Aphelinus varipes (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11101350. [PMID: 35631774 PMCID: PMC9145887 DOI: 10.3390/plants11101350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Plants have evolved a number of different chemical defenses, covering nearly all classes of (secondary) metabolites, that represent a major barrier to herbivory: some are constitutive; others are induced after attacks from herbivores (HIPVs) and may elicit the attraction of predators and parasitoids. Here, we studied how the female solitary endoparasitoid Aphelinus varipes responds to plant and host aphid volatiles in a series of experiments on five commercially important vegetables that were either healthy or infested with the aphid Myzus persicae: chili pepper, eggplant, crown daisy, Chinese cabbage and cabbage. The results for the olfactory responses of A. varipes showed that the presence of M. persicae increased the attraction of the endoparasitoid to the infested plants. In a second experiment, volatiles from highly attractive and repellent plants were obtained via headspace collection to investigate volatiles from healthy and aphid-damaged plants. The results for the differences in volatile profiles in response to aphid infestation in chili pepper cultivar were dominated by the volatile blends, including α-pinene, decanal and phthalic acid, while in cabbage they were dominated by isophorone. Moreover, when HIPVs with different concentrations were compared, α-pinene at a dose rate of 100 ng/μL attracted more parasitoids, and the comparison was useful to understand the mechanisms of plant secondary volatiles during aphid infestation and to provide new resources to control this insect pest. Overall our study shows how HIPVs can bolster tritrophic interactions by enhancing the attractiveness of parasitoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Yasir Ali
- Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology and Molecular Biology, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (M.Y.A.); (M.P.)
- MARA-CABI Joint Laboratory for Bio-Safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Tayyaba Naseem
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Jinping Zhang
- MARA-CABI Joint Laboratory for Bio-Safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Mingzhen Pan
- Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology and Molecular Biology, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (M.Y.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Feng Zhang
- MARA-CABI Joint Laboratory for Bio-Safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China;
- Correspondence: (F.Z.); (T.-X.L.)
| | - Tong-Xian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology and Molecular Biology, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (M.Y.A.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence: (F.Z.); (T.-X.L.)
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16
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Cuny MAC, Poelman EH. Evolution of koinobiont parasitoid host regulation and consequences for indirect plant defence. Evol Ecol 2022; 36:299-319. [PMID: 35663232 PMCID: PMC9156490 DOI: 10.1007/s10682-022-10180-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tritrophic interactions among plants, herbivorous insects and their parasitoids have been well studied in the past four decades. Recently, a new angle has been uncovered: koinobiont parasitoids, that allow their host to keep feeding on the plant for a certain amount of time after parasitism, indirectly alter plant responses against herbivory via the many physiological changes induced in their herbivorous hosts. By affecting plant responses, parasitoids may indirectly affect the whole community of insects interacting with plants induced by parasitized herbivores and have extended effects on plant fitness. These important findings have renewed research interests on parasitoid manipulation of their host development. Parasitoids typically arrest their host development before the last instar, resulting in a lower final weight compared to unparasitized hosts. Yet, some parasitoids prolong their host development, leading to larger herbivores that consume more plant material than unparasitized ones. Furthermore, parasitoid host regulation is plastic and one parasitoid species may arrest or promote its host growth depending on the number of eggs laid, host developmental stage and species as well as environmental conditions. The consequences of plasticity in parasitoid host regulation for plant–insect interactions have received very little attention over the last two decades, particularly concerning parasitoids that promote their host growth. In this review, we first synthesize the mechanisms used by parasitoids to regulate host growth and food consumption. Then, we identify the evolutionary and environmental factors that influence the direction of parasitoid host regulation in terms of arrestment or promotion of host growth. In addition, we discuss the implication of different host regulation types for the parasitoid’s role as agent of plant indirect defence. Finally, we argue that the recent research interests about parasitoid plant-mediated interactions would strongly benefit from revival of research on the mechanisms, ecology and evolution of host regulation in parasitoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilien A. C. Cuny
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erik H. Poelman
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
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17
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Tougeron K, Hance T. Cascading effects of caffeine intake by primary consumers to the upper trophic level. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2022; 112:197-203. [PMID: 34474702 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485321000687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Secondary metabolites are central to understanding the evolution of plant-animal interactions. Direct effects on phytophagous animals are well-known, but how secondary consumers adjust their behavioural and physiological responses to the herbivore's diet remains more scarcely explored for some metabolites. Caffeine is a neuroactive compound that affects both the behaviour and physiology of several animal species, from humans to insects. It is an alkaloid present in nectar, leaves and even sap of numerous species of plants where it plays a role in chemical defences against herbivores and pathogens. Caffeine effects have been overlooked in generalist herbivores that are not specialized in coffee or tea plants. Using a host-parasitoid system, we show that caffeine intake at a relatively low dose affects longevity and fecundity of the primary consumer, but also indirectly of the secondary one, suggesting that this alkaloid and/or its effects can be transmitted through trophic levels and persist in the food chain. Parasitism success was lowered by ≈16% on hosts fed with caffeine, and parasitoids of the next generation that have developed in hosts fed on caffeine showed a reduced longevity, but no differences in mass and size were found. This study helps at better understanding how plant secondary metabolites, such as caffeine involved in plant-animal interactions, could affect primary consumers, could have knock-on effects on upper trophic levels over generations, and could modify interspecific interactions in multitrophic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kévin Tougeron
- Earth and Life Institute, Ecology and Biodiversity, Université catholique de Louvain, 1348Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Thierry Hance
- Earth and Life Institute, Ecology and Biodiversity, Université catholique de Louvain, 1348Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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18
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Zhang X, Ran W, Li X, Zhang J, Ye M, Lin S, Liu M, Sun X. Exogenous Application of Gallic Acid Induces the Direct Defense of Tea Plant Against Ectropis obliqua Caterpillars. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:833489. [PMID: 35211143 PMCID: PMC8861190 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.833489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Gallic acid (GA), an important polyphenolic compound in the plant, is a well-known antioxidant, antihyperglycemic, and anti-lipid peroxidative agent. Recently, GA treatment exhibited ameliorative effects on plants in response to some abiotic stresses. However, the elicitation effect of GA on plant defense against herbivorous insects has not yet been reported. In this study, we found that the exogenous application of GA induced the direct defense of tea plant (Camellia sinensis) against tea geometrid (Ectropis obliqua) larvae, through activating jasmonic acid (JA) signaling and phenylpropanoid pathways. These signaling cascades resulted in the efficient induction of several defensive compounds. Among them, astragalin, naringenin, and epigallocatechin-3-gallate were the three of the most active anti-feeding compounds. However, the exogenous GA treatment did not affect the preference of E. obliqua female moths and larval parasitoid Apanteles sp. Our study suggests that GA may serve as an elicitor that triggers a direct defense response against tea geometrid larvae in tea plants. This study will help to deepen the understanding of the interaction between plants and phytophagous insects and also provide theoretical and technical guidance for the development of plant defense elicitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Ran
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiwang Li
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng Ye
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, China
| | - Songbo Lin
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, China
| | - Miaomiao Liu
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoling Sun
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, China
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Fang B, Yang Z, Shen M, Wu X, Hu J. Limited increase in asynchrony between the onset of spring green-up and the arrival of a long-distance migratory bird. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 795:148823. [PMID: 34229240 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
For many migrant bird species around the world, climate change has been shown to induce changes in the timings of arrival and the onset of spring food availability at breeding sites. However, whether such changes enlarged asynchrony between the timings of spring arrival of long-distance migratory birds and onset of vegetation greenness increase remain controversial. We used a 29-year phenological dataset to investigate the temporal changes in spring first-sighting date (FSD) of a long-distance migratory bird (barn swallow, Hirundo rustica), from observations at 160 local breeding sites across northern China, and the vegetation green-up onset date (VGD), determined from satellite observations of vegetation greenness. We found that both FSD and VGD trended earlier at over two-thirds of the breeding sites. FSD significantly advanced at 26.9% of the sites, and VGD significantly advanced at 23.8% of the sites. The degree of asynchrony between FSD and VGD changed significantly at one-third of the breeding sites (22.5% with an increase versus 11.3% with a decrease), leading to a limited increase of phenological mismatch. We speculated that climate change did not disrupt the climatic connections between most breeding sites and corresponding non-breeding sites (wintering grounds and migration routes). Our findings suggest that climate change may not greatly increase phenological mismatch between first arrival date of barn swallows and VGD at breeding sites. Importantly, this study should serve as a cue to encourage ecologists and conservation biologists to expand the context under which to explore the ecological consequences of phenological shifts beyond asynchrony, such as individual survival, population demography and ecosystem-level consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Naqu Alpine Grassland Ecosystem Field Scientific Observation and Research Station, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tibet, China
| | - Miaogen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaoxu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Junhua Hu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China.
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20
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Contreras-Cornejo HA, Macías-Rodríguez L, Real-Santillán RO, López-Carmona D, García-Gómez G, Galicia-Gallardo AP, Alfaro-Cuevas R, González-Esquivel CE, Najera-Rincón MB, Adame-Garnica SG, Rebollar-Alviter A, Álvarez-Navarrete M, Larsen J. In a belowground multitrophic interaction, Trichoderma harzianum induces maize root herbivore tolerance against Phyllophaga vetula. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:3952-3963. [PMID: 33851514 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trichoderma spp. are soil fungi that interact with plant roots and associated biota such as other microorganisms and soil fauna. However, information about their interactions with root-feeding insects is limited. Here, interactions between Trichoderma harzianum and the root-feeding insect Phyllophaga vetula, a common insect pest in maize agroecosystems, were examined. RESULTS Applications of T. harzianum and P. vetula to the root system increased and decreased maize growth, respectively. Induced tolerance against herbivore attack was provided by T. harzianum maintaining a robust and functional root system as evidenced by the increased uptake of Cu, Ca, Mg, Na and K. Herbivore tolerance also coincided with changes in the emission of root volatile terpenes known to induce indirect defense responses and attract natural enemies of the herbivore. More importantly, T. harzianum induced de novo emission of several sesquiterpenes such as β-caryophyllene and δ-cadinene. In addition, single and combined applications of T. harzianum and P. vetula altered the sucrose content of the roots. Finally, T. harzianum produced 6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one (6-PP) a volatile compound that may act as an antifeedant-signaling compound mitigating root herbivory by P. vetula. CONCLUSION Our results provide novel information about belowground multitrophic plant-microbe-arthropod interactions between T. harzianum and P. vetula in the maize rhizosphere resulting in alterations in maize phenotypic plant responses, inducing root herbivore tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hexon Angel Contreras-Cornejo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Morelia, Mexico
| | - Lourdes Macías-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia, Mexico
| | - Raúl Omar Real-Santillán
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Morelia, Mexico
| | - Dante López-Carmona
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Morelia, Mexico
| | - Griselda García-Gómez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | - Ana Paola Galicia-Gallardo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Morelia, Mexico
| | - Ruth Alfaro-Cuevas
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia, Mexico
| | - Carlos E González-Esquivel
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Morelia, Mexico
| | - Miguel Bernardo Najera-Rincón
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarías, Campo Experimental Uruapan, Uruapan, Mexico
| | - Sandra Goretti Adame-Garnica
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia, Mexico
| | - Angel Rebollar-Alviter
- Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Centro Regional Universitario Centro Occidente, Morelia, Mexico
| | | | - John Larsen
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Morelia, Mexico
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Singh A, Panwar R, Mittal P, Hassan MI, Singh IK. Plant cytochrome P450s: Role in stress tolerance and potential applications for human welfare. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 184:874-886. [PMID: 34175340 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) are a versatile group of enzymes and one of the largest families of proteins, controlling various physiological processes via biosynthetic and detoxification pathways. CYPs perform multiple roles through a critical irreversible enzymatic reaction in which an oxygen atom is inserted within hydrophobic molecules, converting them into the reactive and hydro soluble components. During evolution, plants have acquired significantly more number of CYPs and represent about 1% of the encoded genes . CYPs are highly conserved proteins involved in growth, development and tolerance against biotic and abiotic stresses. Furthermore, CYPs reinforce plants' molecular and chemical defense mechanisms by regulating the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, enhancing reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and controlling biosynthesis and homeostasis of phytohormones, including abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonates. Thus, they are the critical targets of metabolic engineering for enhancing plant defense against environmental stresses. Additionally, CYPs are also used as biocatalysts in the fields of pharmacology and phytoremediation. Herein, we highlight the role of CYPs in plant stress tolerance and their applications for human welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Singh
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India.
| | - Ruby Panwar
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India
| | - Pooja Mittal
- Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Kalkaji, New Delhi 110019, India
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Indrakant Kumar Singh
- Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Kalkaji, New Delhi 110019, India.
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Jiang D, Wu S, Tan M, Wang Q, Zheng L, Yan SC. The high adaptability of Hyphantria cunea larvae to cinnamic acid involves in detoxification, antioxidation and gut microbiota response. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 174:104805. [PMID: 33838706 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hyphantria cunea is one of the most destructive invasive agricultural and forest pests worldwide. In order to better understand the adaptation mechanism of H. cunea larvae to secondary metabolites of their highly diversified host plants, the physiological function and detoxification ability of midgut, as well as the gut microbial community were investigated in H. cunea larvae fed with cinnamic acid-treated artificial diets. Our results showed that cinnamic acid treatment could not affect the growth and food utilization of H. cunea larvae, as evidenced by a non-significantly altered larval body weight and efficiency of conversion of ingested food. Evaluation of oxidative stress-related parameters (e.g. malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide) and midgut histopathology also clearly confirmed that cinnamic acid treatment caused no significant oxidative damage and pathological changes in the larval midgut. Variance analysis showed that cinnamic acid treatment significantly increased the content of non-enzymatic antioxidants (ascorbic acid and glutathione), the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and peroxidase) and detoxification enzyme (carboxylate esterase), as well as the abundance of several gut microbiota at the genus level (Hydrogenophaga and Acinetobacter) involved in the organic substance degradation in larval midgut. Further Pearson's correlation analysis revealed that these strongly altered gut microbiota at the genus level appeared to be significantly correlated with the detoxification and antioxidation parameters. These findings demonstrate the high adaptability of H. cunea larvae to cinnamic acid involves in detoxification, antioxidation and gut microbiota response, and indicate the existence of an extremely effective counter-defense mechanism for H. cunea larvae against the secondary metabolites of host plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dun Jiang
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Shuai Wu
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Mingtao Tan
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Qing Wang
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Lin Zheng
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Shan-Chun Yan
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China.
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Zhigzhitzhapova SV, Namzalov BTB, Radnaeva LD. Composition of Essential Oil of Artemisia gmelinii Web. ex Stechm. of Рriolkhonian Flora (Lake Baikal). CONTEMP PROBL ECOL+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s199542552101011x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Chen C, Chen H, Huang S, Jiang T, Wang C, Tao Z, He C, Tang Q, Li P. Volatile DMNT directly protects plants against Plutella xylostella by disrupting the peritrophic matrix barrier in insect midgut. eLife 2021; 10:63938. [PMID: 33599614 PMCID: PMC7924945 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Insect pests negatively affect crop quality and yield; identifying new methods to protect crops against insects therefore has important agricultural applications. Our analysis of transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants showed that overexpression of pentacyclic triterpene synthase 1, encoding the key biosynthetic enzyme for the natural plant product (3E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (DMNT), led to a significant resistance against a major insect pest, Plutella xylostella. DMNT treatment severely damaged the peritrophic matrix (PM), a physical barrier isolating food and pathogens from the midgut wall cells. DMNT repressed the expression of PxMucin in midgut cells, and knocking down PxMucin resulted in PM rupture and P. xylostella death. A 16S RNA survey revealed that DMNT significantly disrupted midgut microbiota populations and that midgut microbes were essential for DMNT-induced killing. Therefore, we propose that the midgut microbiota assists DMNT in killing P. xylostella. These findings may provide a novel approach for plant protection against P. xylostella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- The National Key Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, the School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Hongyi Chen
- The National Key Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, the School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Shijie Huang
- The National Key Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, the School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Taoshan Jiang
- The National Key Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, the School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Chuanhong Wang
- The National Key Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, the School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhen Tao
- The National Key Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, the School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Chen He
- The National Key Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, the School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Qingfeng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, the School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Peijin Li
- The National Key Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, the School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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25
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Austel N, Böttcher C, Meiners T. Chemical defence in Brassicaceae against pollen beetles revealed by metabolomics and flower bud manipulation approaches. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:519-534. [PMID: 33190271 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Divergence of chemical plant defence mechanisms within the Brassicaceae can be utilized to identify means against specialized pest insects. Using a bioassay-driven approach, we (a) screened 24 different Brassica napus cultivars, B. napus resyntheses and related brassicaceous species for natural plant resistance against feeding adults of the pollen beetle (Brassicogethes aeneus), (b) tested for gender-specific feeding resistance, (c) analysed the flower bud metabolomes by a non-targeted approach and (d) tested single candidate compounds for their antifeedant activity. (a) In no-choice assays, beetles were allowed to feed on intact plants. Reduced feeding activity was mainly observed on Sinapis alba and Barbarea vulgaris but not on B. napus cultivars. (b) Males fed less and discriminated more in feeding than females. (c) Correlation of the metabolite abundances with the beetles' feeding activity revealed several glucosinolates, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids and saponins as potential antifeedants. (d) These were tested in dual-bud-choice assays developed for medium-throughput compound screening. Application of standard compounds on single oilseed rape flower buds revealed highly deterrent effects of glucobarbarin, oleanolic acid and hederagenin. These results help to understand chemical plant defence in the Brassicaceae and are of key importance for further breeding strategies for insect-resistant oilseed rape cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Austel
- Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Julius Kühn-Institute, Berlin, Germany
- Applied Zoology/Animal Ecology, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Böttcher
- Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Julius Kühn-Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Torsten Meiners
- Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Julius Kühn-Institute, Berlin, Germany
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26
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Foti V, Araniti F, Manti F, Alicandri E, Giuffrè AM, Bonsignore CP, Castiglione E, Sorgonà A, Covino S, Paolacci AR, Ciaffi M, Badiani M. Profiling Volatile Terpenoids from Calabrian Pine Stands Infested by the Pine Processionary Moth. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9101362. [PMID: 33066541 PMCID: PMC7602161 DOI: 10.3390/plants9101362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Terpenoids make up the biggest and most diversified class of chemical substances discovered in plants, encompassing over 40,000 individual compounds. In conifers, the production of terpenoids, either as oleoresin or emitted as volatile compounds, play an important role in the physical and chemical defence responses against pathogens and herbivores. In the present work, we examined, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, the terpenic defensive relations of Calabrian pine (Pinus nigra subsp. laricio (Poiret) Maire), facing the attack of the pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Denis and Schiffermüller, 1775)), brought about in the open on adult plant individuals growing at two distinct forest sites. Among the volatile terpenoids emitted from pine needles, bornyl acetate [(4,7,7-trimethyl-3-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl) acetate] was the most frequently and selectively associated with the infestation, increasing during the period of most intense trophic activity of the caterpillars (defoliation), and decreasing thereafter. Although further work is needed to clarify whether the observed response reflects defence reactions and/or they are involved in communication among the infested plants and their biotic environment, the present results boost the currently growing interest in the isolation and characterization of plant secondary metabolites that can be used to control pests, pathogens, and weeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenza Foti
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Loc. Feo di Vito, I-89129 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (V.F.); (F.A.); (E.A.); (A.M.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Fabrizio Araniti
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Loc. Feo di Vito, I-89129 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (V.F.); (F.A.); (E.A.); (A.M.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Francesco Manti
- Dipartimento di Patrimonio, Architettura e Urbanistica, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Salita Melissari, I-89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (F.M.); (C.P.B.); (E.C.)
| | - Enrica Alicandri
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Loc. Feo di Vito, I-89129 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (V.F.); (F.A.); (E.A.); (A.M.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Angelo Maria Giuffrè
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Loc. Feo di Vito, I-89129 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (V.F.); (F.A.); (E.A.); (A.M.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Carmelo Peter Bonsignore
- Dipartimento di Patrimonio, Architettura e Urbanistica, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Salita Melissari, I-89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (F.M.); (C.P.B.); (E.C.)
| | - Elvira Castiglione
- Dipartimento di Patrimonio, Architettura e Urbanistica, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Salita Melissari, I-89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (F.M.); (C.P.B.); (E.C.)
| | - Agostino Sorgonà
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Loc. Feo di Vito, I-89129 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (V.F.); (F.A.); (E.A.); (A.M.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Stefano Covino
- Dipartimento per la Innovazione nei Sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali, Università della Tuscia, Via S. Camillo De Lellis, s.n.c, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy; (S.C.); (A.R.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Anna Rita Paolacci
- Dipartimento per la Innovazione nei Sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali, Università della Tuscia, Via S. Camillo De Lellis, s.n.c, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy; (S.C.); (A.R.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Mario Ciaffi
- Dipartimento per la Innovazione nei Sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali, Università della Tuscia, Via S. Camillo De Lellis, s.n.c, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy; (S.C.); (A.R.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Maurizio Badiani
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Loc. Feo di Vito, I-89129 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (V.F.); (F.A.); (E.A.); (A.M.G.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0965-169-4352; Fax: +39-0965-169-4550
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Fathipour Y, Talaee L, Bagheri A, Talebi AA, Khajehali J. Age stage, two-sex life table of Habrobracon hebetor (Braconidae) on Spodoptera exigua (Noctuidae) reared on different sugar beet genotypes. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2020; 110:542-549. [PMID: 31928543 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485319000919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study was carried out to unveil interactive relevance among consecutive and alternate members of a tritrophic system comprised of sugar beet genotypes, beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner), and its parasitoid, Habrobracon hebetor (Say) using demographic parameters. To do so, H. hebetor was reared on S. exigua fed on 10 sugar beet genotypes, including SB26; SB27; SB29; SB33; SB34; (7112*SB36)*Sh-1-HSF-5; FC220; FC301; SBSI006; and HM 1339RZ in a growth chamber at 25 ± 1 °C, 60 ± 5% RH, and 16:8 (L: D) h photoperiod. The data was analyzed based on the age-stage, two-sex life table theory. Our results revealed high variation in duration of different life stages of H. hebetor on S. exigua reared on different sugar beet genotypes examined. The shortest (10.605 days) and longest (13.721 days) pre-adult period of H. hebetor was on S. exigua reared on SB26 and SB34, respectively. The longest (17.2 days) and shortest adult longevity (7.5 days) was on S. exigua reared on SB26 and SB27, respectively. The highest values of the intrinsic rate of increase (r) (0.209 day-1) and finite rate of increase (λ) (1.233 day-1) were observed on S. exigua reared on SB34 and their lowest values (0.159 and 1.172 day-1, respectively) were recorded on SB27. Resistant and susceptible genotypes to S. exigua, FC301 and (7112*SB36)*Sh-1-HSF-5, respectively, were only genotypes on which H. hebetor had greater and approximately equal r compared with S. exigua. This finding indicates high capability of H. hebetor to be successfully employed against S. exigua on sugar beet genotypes which are extremely different in resistance to this pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaghoub Fathipour
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-336, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ladan Talaee
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-336, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdoolnabi Bagheri
- Plant Protection Research Department, Hormozgan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Ali Asghar Talebi
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-336, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jahangir Khajehali
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
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Herbivore Gender Effects on Volatile Induction in Aspen and on Olfactory Responses in Leaf Beetles. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11060638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid aspen (Populus tremula × tremuloides Michx.) is a fast-growing tree species used for short-rotation forestry in northern latitudes. Aspen species have a rich herbivore fauna, including defoliating leaf beetles that induce emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) when feeding on aspen leaves. We investigated the differential induction of VOCs by male and female Phratora laticollis leaf beetles feeding on hybrid aspen and the differences in the orientation of beetles in response to gender-specific induced VOCs. The hypotheses for the study were (1) the VOCs in the headspace of plants infested with beetles of the two genders individually and in mixed aggregates would vary subtly, and (2) foraging adult beetles would be able to detect differences in VOC blends and use them to fine-tune their orientation choices. In Y-tube bioassays, both females and males preferred VOCs from leaves damaged by one gender (females or males) over undamaged leaves. However, if leaves were damaged by a two-gender population, neither females nor males indicated a preference over volatiles of undamaged leaves. Leaves damaged by both beetle genders simultaneously had significantly increased green leaf volatile (GLV), benzenoid and homoterpene emissions compared to undamaged leaves. Emissions of these compounds possibly indicate higher herbivore pressure and a higher risk of attack by parasitoids and predators and could thus be the cause of the lack of beetle preference. Our findings provide new basic information on gender-based host plant selection by herbivores and may be helpful in the development of sustainable biogenic VOC-based herbivore-control methods for intensive short-rotation hybrid aspen production.
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Plant resistance does not compromise parasitoid-based biocontrol of a strawberry pest. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5899. [PMID: 32246069 PMCID: PMC7125231 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62698-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant nutritional quality can influence interactions between herbivores and their parasitoids. While most previous work has focused on a limited set of secondary plant metabolites, the tri-trophic effects of overall phenotypic resistance have been understudied. Furthermore, the joint effects of secondary and primary metabolites on parasitoids are almost unexplored. In this study, we compared the performance and survival of the parasitoid species Asecodes parviclava Thompson on wild woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca L.) genotypes showing variation in resistance against the parasitoid's host, the strawberry leaf beetle (Galerucella tenella L.). Additionally, we related the metabolic profiles of these plant genotypes to the tritrophic outcomes in order to identify primary and secondary metabolites involved in regulating plant potential to facilitate parasitism. We found that parasitoid performance was strongly affected by plant genotype, but those differences in plant resistance to the herbivore were not reflected in parasitoid survival. These findings could be explained in particular by a significant link between parasitoid survival and foliar carbohydrate levels, which appeared to be the most important compounds for parasitism success. The fact that plant quality strongly affects parasitism should be further explored and utilized in plant breeding programs for a synergistic application in sustainable pest management.
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On the Evolution and Functional Diversity of Terpene Synthases in the Pinus Species: A Review. J Mol Evol 2020; 88:253-283. [PMID: 32036402 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-020-09930-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In the biosynthesis of terpenoids, the ample catalytic versatility of terpene synthases (TPS) allows the formation of thousands of different molecules. A steadily increasing number of sequenced plant genomes invariably show that the TPS gene family is medium to large in size, comprising from 30 to 100 functional members. In conifers, TPSs belonging to the gymnosperm-specific TPS-d subfamily produce a complex mixture of mono-, sesqui-, and diterpenoid specialized metabolites, which are found in volatile emissions and oleoresin secretions. Such substances are involved in the defence against pathogens and herbivores and can help to protect against abiotic stress. Oleoresin terpenoids can be also profitably used in a number of different fields, from traditional and modern medicine to fine chemicals, fragrances, and flavours, and, in the last years, in biorefinery too. In the present work, after summarizing the current views on the biosynthesis and biological functions of terpenoids, recent advances on the evolution and functional diversification of plant TPSs are reviewed, with a focus on gymnosperms. In such context, an extensive characterization and phylogeny of all the known TPSs from different Pinus species is reported, which, for such genus, can be seen as the first effort to explore the evolutionary history of the large family of TPS genes involved in specialized metabolism. Finally, an approach is described in which the phylogeny of TPSs in Pinus spp. has been exploited to isolate for the first time mono-TPS sequences from Pinus nigra subsp. laricio, an ecologically important endemic pine in the Mediterranean area.
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31
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Zhang Y, Bouwmeester HJ, Kappers IF. Combined transcriptome and metabolome analysis identifies defence responses in spider mite-infested pepper (Capsicum annuum). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:330-343. [PMID: 31557301 PMCID: PMC6913709 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Plants regulate responses towards herbivory through fine-tuning of defence-related hormone production, expression of defence genes, and production of secondary metabolites. Jasmonic acid (JA) plays a key role in plant-herbivorous arthropod interactions. To understand how pepper (Capsicum annuum) responds to herbivory, leaf transcriptomes and metabolomes of two genotypes different in their susceptibility to spider mites were studied. Mites induced both JA and salicylic acid (SA) signalling. However, mite infestation and exogenous JA resulted in distinct transcriptome profiles. Compared with JA, mites induced fewer differentially expressed genes involved in metabolic processes (except for genes involved in the phenylpropanoid pathway) and lipid metabolic processes. Furthermore, pathogen-related defence responses including WRKY transcription factors were more strongly induced upon mite infestation, probably as a result of induced SA signalling. Untargeted analysis of secondary metabolites confirmed that JA treatment induced larger changes in metabolism than spider mite infestation, resulting in higher terpenoid and flavonoid production. The more resistant genotype exhibited a larger increase in endogenous JA and volatile and non-volatile secondary metabolites upon infestation, which could explain its stronger defence. Reasoning that in JA-SA antagonizing crosstalk, SA defences are prioritized over JA defences, we hypothesize that lack of SA-mediated repression of JA-induced defences could result in gain of resistance towards spider mites in pepper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhang
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harro J Bouwmeester
- Plant Hormone Biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iris F Kappers
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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32
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Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Their Potential Applications for Sustainable Agriculture. Fungal Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-45971-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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33
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Bustos‐Segura C, Cuny MAC, Benrey B. Parasitoids of leaf herbivores enhance plant fitness and do not alter caterpillar‐induced resistance against seed beetles. Funct Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Bustos‐Segura
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Entomology Institute of Biology University of Neuchâtel Neuchâtel Switzerland
| | - Maximilien A. C. Cuny
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Entomology Institute of Biology University of Neuchâtel Neuchâtel Switzerland
| | - Betty Benrey
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Entomology Institute of Biology University of Neuchâtel Neuchâtel Switzerland
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Nemacheck JA, Schemerhorn BJ, Scofield SR, Subramanyam S. Phenotypic and molecular characterization of Hessian fly resistance in diploid wheat, Aegilops tauschii. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:439. [PMID: 31640550 PMCID: PMC6805508 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2058-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Hessian fly (Mayetiola destructor), belonging to the gall midge family (Cecidomyiidae), is a devastating pest of wheat (Triticum aestivum) causing significant yield losses. Despite identification and characterization of numerous Hessian fly-responsive genes and associated biological pathways involved in wheat defense against this dipteran pest, their functional validation has been challenging. This is largely attributed to the large genome, polyploidy, repetitive DNA, and limited genetic resources in hexaploid wheat. The diploid progenitor Aegilops tauschii, D-genome donor of modern-day hexaploid wheat, offers an ideal surrogate eliminating the need to target all three homeologous chromosomes (A, B and D) individually, and thereby making the functional validation of candidate Hessian fly-responsive genes plausible. Furthermore, the well-annotated sequence of Ae. tauschii genome and availability of genetic resources amenable to manipulations makes the functional assays less tedious and time-consuming. However, prior to utilization of this diploid genome for downstream studies, it is imperative to characterize its physical and molecular responses to Hessian fly. RESULTS In this study we screened five Ae. tauschii accessions for their response to the Hessian fly biotypes L and vH13. Two lines were identified that exhibited a homozygous resistance response to feeding by both Hessian fly biotypes. Studies using physical measurements and neutral red staining showed that the resistant Ae. tauschii accessions resembled hexaploid wheat in their phenotypic responses to Hessian fly, that included similarities in larval developmental stages, leaf and plant growth, and cell wall permeability. Furthermore, molecular responses, characterized by gene expression profiling using quantitative real-time PCR, in select resistant Ae. tauschii lines also revealed similarities with resistant hexaploid wheat. CONCLUSIONS Phenotypic and molecular characterization of Ae. tauschii to Hessian fly infestation revealed resistant accessions that shared similarities to hexaploid wheat. Resembling the resistant hexaploid wheat, the Ae. tauschii accessions mount an early defense strategy involving defense proteins including lectins, secondary metabolites and reactive oxygen species (ROS) radicals. Our results reveal the suitability of the diploid progenitor for use as an ideal tool for functional genomics research in deciphering the wheat-Hessian fly molecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill A Nemacheck
- USDA-ARS Crop Production and Pest Control Research Unit, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Brandon J Schemerhorn
- USDA-ARS Crop Production and Pest Control Research Unit, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Steven R Scofield
- USDA-ARS Crop Production and Pest Control Research Unit, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Subhashree Subramanyam
- USDA-ARS Crop Production and Pest Control Research Unit, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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35
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Pollier J, De Geyter N, Moses T, Boachon B, Franco-Zorrilla JM, Bai Y, Lacchini E, Gholami A, Vanden Bossche R, Werck-Reichhart D, Goormachtig S, Goossens A. The MYB transcription factor Emission of Methyl Anthranilate 1 stimulates emission of methyl anthranilate from Medicago truncatula hairy roots. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 99:637-654. [PMID: 31009122 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Plants respond to herbivore or pathogen attacks by activating specific defense programs that include the production of bioactive specialized metabolites to eliminate or deter the attackers. Volatiles play an important role in the interaction of a plant with its environment. Through transcript profiling of jasmonate-elicited Medicago truncatula cells, we identified Emission of Methyl Anthranilate (EMA) 1, a MYB transcription factor that is involved in the emission of the volatile compound methyl anthranilate when expressed in M. truncatula hairy roots, giving them a fruity scent. RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis of the fragrant roots revealed the upregulation of a methyltransferase that was subsequently characterized to catalyze the O-methylation of anthranilic acid and was hence named M. truncatula anthranilic acid methyl transferase (MtAAMT) 1. Given that direct activation of the MtAAMT1 promoter by EMA1 could not be unambiguously demonstrated, we further probed the RNA-Seq data and identified the repressor protein M. truncatula plant AT-rich sequence and zinc-binding (MtPLATZ) 1. Emission of Methyl Anthranilate 1 binds a tandem repeat of the ACCTAAC motif in the MtPLATZ1 promoter to transactivate gene expression. Overexpression of MtPLATZ1 in transgenic M. truncatula hairy roots led to transcriptional silencing of EMA1, indicating that MtPLATZ1 may be part of a negative feedback loop to control the expression of EMA1. Finally, application of exogenous methyl anthranilate boosted EMA1 and MtAAMT1 expression dramatically, thus also revealing a positive amplification loop. Such positive and negative feedback loops seem to be the norm rather than the exception in the regulation of plant specialized metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Pollier
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nathan De Geyter
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tessa Moses
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Benoît Boachon
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Yuechen Bai
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elia Lacchini
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Azra Gholami
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Robin Vanden Bossche
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Danièle Werck-Reichhart
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sofie Goormachtig
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alain Goossens
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
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Garzoli S, Turchetti G, Giacomello P, Tiezzi A, Laghezza Masci V, Ovidi E. Liquid and Vapour Phase of Lavandin ( Lavandula × intermedia) Essential Oil: Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity. Molecules 2019; 24:E2701. [PMID: 31349556 PMCID: PMC6696025 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils from Lavandula genus and the obtained hybrids are widely used for different purposes such as perfume production in the cosmetic field and for its biological properties. This is the first study on the liquid and vapour phase of Lavandula × intermedia "Grosso" essential oil grown in the Lazio Region, Italy, investigated using headspace coupled to gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (HS-GC/MS). The results showed the most abundant components were linalool and linalyl acetate, followed by 1,8-cineole and terpinen-4-ol, while lavandulyl acetate and borneol were identified as minor compounds, maintaining the same proportion in both the liquid and vapour phase. Furthermore, we tested lavandin liquid and vapour phase essential oil on gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter bohemicus, and Pseudomonas fluorescens) and gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus and Kocuria marina).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Garzoli
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Turchetti
- Department for the Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forestal Systems, Tuscia University, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Giacomello
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Tiezzi
- Department for the Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forestal Systems, Tuscia University, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Valentina Laghezza Masci
- Department for the Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forestal Systems, Tuscia University, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Elisa Ovidi
- Department for the Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forestal Systems, Tuscia University, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
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Ecological dissociation and re-association with a superior competitor alters host selection behavior in a parasitoid wasp. Oecologia 2019; 191:261-270. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04470-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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38
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Li F, Wu C, Dewer Y, Li D, Qu C, Luo C. Changes in Gene Expression and Metabolite Profiles in Platanus acerifolia Leaves in Response to Feeding Damage Caused by Corythucha ciliata. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143465. [PMID: 31311085 PMCID: PMC6678411 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The sycamore lace bug, Corythucha ciliata (Say) is a highly invasive pest insect that feeds on sycamore trees (Platanus spp.) worldwide. The interaction between Platanus species and this insect pest has not yet been studied at the molecular level. Therefore, a recent study was conducted to compare the gene expression and metabolite profiles of Platanus acerifolia leaves in response to C. ciliata feeding damage after 24 and 48 h. We employed high throughput RNA sequencing (RNA- seq) to identify a total of 2,828 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) after C. ciliata feeding. In addition, 303 unigenes were found to be up-regulated at both time points. Moreover, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis showed that monoterpenoid biosynthesis, the linoleic acid metabolism pathway, and alpha- linolenic acid metabolism were the most prominent pathways among the DEGs. Further analysis of the metabolite profiles showed that nine metabolites were significantly different before and after C. ciliata damage. In addition, we analyzed DEGs detected in the P. acerifolia and C. ciliata interaction using Mapman. The terpene synthase gene family was also identified. We suggest that the results obtained from DEGs and metabolite analysis can provide important information for the identification of genes involved in the P. acerifolia–C. ciliata interaction, which might be necessary for controlling C. ciliata efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqi Li
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Chunyan Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Youssef Dewer
- Bioassay Research Department, Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory, Sabahia Plant Protection Research Station, Agricultural Research Center, Alexandria 21616, Egypt
| | - Du Li
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Cheng Qu
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Chen Luo
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China.
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Yang Q, Wang L, Zhou L, Yang Z, Zhou Q, Huang X. The glucosinolate regulation in plant: A new view on lanthanum stimulating the growth of plant. J RARE EARTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jre.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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40
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Subramanyam S, Nemacheck JA, Hargarten AM, Sardesai N, Schemerhorn BJ, Williams CE. Multiple molecular defense strategies in Brachypodium distachyon surmount Hessian fly (Mayetiola destructor) larvae-induced susceptibility for plant survival. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2596. [PMID: 30796321 PMCID: PMC6385206 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39615-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hessian fly is a destructive pest of wheat causing severe economic damage. Numerous genes and associated biological pathways have been implicated in defense against Hessian fly. However, due to limited genetic resources, compounded with genome complexity, functional analysis of the candidate genes are challenging in wheat. Physically, Brachypodium distachyon (Bd) exhibits nonhost resistance to Hessian fly, and with a small genome size, short life cycle, vast genetic resources and amenability to transformation, it offers an alternate functional genomic model for deciphering plant-Hessian fly interactions. RNA-sequencing was used to reveal thousands of Hessian fly-responsive genes in Bd one, three, and five days after egg hatch. Genes encoding defense proteins, stress-regulating transcription factors, signaling kinases, and secondary metabolites were strongly up-regulated within the first 24 hours of larval feeding indicating an early defense, similar to resistant wheat. Defense was mediated by a hypersensitive response that included necrotic lesions, up-regulated ROS-generating and -scavenging enzymes, and H2O2 production. Suppression of cell wall-associated proteins and increased cell permeability in Bd resembled susceptible wheat. Thus, Bd molecular responses shared similarities to both resistant and susceptible wheat, validating its suitability as a model genome for undertaking functional studies of candidate Hessian fly-responsive genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhashree Subramanyam
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA. .,USDA-ARS Crop Production and Pest Control Research Unit, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| | - Jill A Nemacheck
- USDA-ARS Crop Production and Pest Control Research Unit, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Andrea M Hargarten
- USDA-ARS Crop Production and Pest Control Research Unit, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Nagesh Sardesai
- Corteva Agriscience, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont, Johnston, IA, 50131, USA
| | - Brandon J Schemerhorn
- USDA-ARS Crop Production and Pest Control Research Unit, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.,Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Christie E Williams
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.,USDA-ARS Crop Production and Pest Control Research Unit, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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Modulation of plant-mediated interactions between herbivores of different feeding guilds: Effects of parasitism and belowground interactions. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14424. [PMID: 30258118 PMCID: PMC6158277 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32131-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbivory affects subsequent herbivores, mainly regulated by the phytohormones jasmonic (JA) and salicylic acid (SA). Additionally, organisms such as soil microbes belowground or parasitoids that develop inside their herbivorous hosts aboveground, can change plant responses to herbivory. However, it is not yet well known how organisms of trophic levels other than herbivores, below- and above-ground, alter the interactions between insect species sharing a host plant. Here, we investigated whether the parasitoid Aphidius colemani and different soil microbial communities (created through plant-soil feedbacks) affect the JA and SA signalling pathways in response to the aphid Myzus persicae and the thrips Frankliniella occidentalis, as well as subsequent thrips performance. Our results show that the expression of the JA-responsive gene CaPINII in sweet pepper was more suppressed by aphids than by parasitised aphids. However, parasitism did not affect the expression of CaPAL1, a biosynthetic gene of SA. Furthermore, aphid feeding enhanced thrips performance compared with uninfested plants, but this was not observed when aphids were parasitised. Soils where different plant species were previously grown, did not affect plant responses or the interaction between herbivores. Our study shows that members of the third trophic level can modify herbivore interactions by altering plant physiology.
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Agliassa C, Maffei ME. Origanum vulgare Terpenoids Induce Oxidative Stress and Reduce the Feeding Activity of Spodoptera littoralis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2805. [PMID: 30231481 PMCID: PMC6165561 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Terpenoids are toxic compounds produced by plants as a defense strategy against insect herbivores. We tested the effect of Origanum vulgare terpenoids on the generalist herbivore Spodoptera littoralis and the response of the plant to herbivory. Terpenoids were analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS and quantitative gene expression (qPCR) was evaluated on selected plant genes involved in both terpene biosynthesis. The insect detoxification response to terpenes was evaluated by monitoring antioxidant enzymes activity and expression of insect genes involved in terpene detoxification. O. vulgare terpenoid biosynthesis and gene expression was modulated by S. littoralis feeding. The herbivore-induced increased level of terpenoids (particularly carvacrol and p-cymene) interacted with the herbivore by decreasing larval survival and growth rate. The assimilation by S. littoralis of more than 50% of ingested terpenes correlated with the possible toxic effects of O. vulgare terpenoids. In choice test experiments, carvacrol and γ-terpinene mediated the larval feeding preferences, wherease the prolonged feeding on O. vulgare terpenoids (particularly on γ-terpinene) exerted relevant antinutritional effects on larvae. S. littoralis was found to react to O. vulgare terpenoids by increasing its antioxidant enzymes activities and gene expression, although this was not sufficient to sustain the toxicity of O. vulgare terpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Agliassa
- Department Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via G. Quarello 15/a, 10135 Turin, Italy.
| | - Massimo E Maffei
- Department Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via G. Quarello 15/a, 10135 Turin, Italy.
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Liu D, Huang X, Jing W, An X, Zhang Q, Zhang H, Zhou J, Zhang Y, Guo Y. Identification and functional analysis of two P450 enzymes of Gossypium hirsutum involved in DMNT and TMTT biosynthesis. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2018; 16:581-590. [PMID: 28710782 PMCID: PMC5787835 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The homoterpenes (3E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (DMNT) and (E,E)-4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene (TMTT) are major herbivore-induced plant volatiles that can attract predatory or parasitic arthropods to protect injured plants from herbivore attack. In this study, DMNT and TMTT were confirmed to be emitted from cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) plants infested with chewing caterpillars or sucking bugs. Two CYP genes (GhCYP82L1 and GhCYP82L2) involved in homoterpene biosynthesis in G. hirsutum were newly identified and characterized. Yeast recombinant expression and enzyme assays indicated that the two GhCYP82Ls are both responsible for the conversion of (E)-nerolidol to DMNT and (E,E)-geranyllinalool to TMTT. The two heterologously expressed proteins without cytochrome P450 reductase fail to convert the substrates to homoterpenes. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) analysis suggested that the two GhCYP82L genes were significantly up-regulated in leaves and stems of G. hirsutum after herbivore attack. Subsequently, electroantennogram recordings showed that electroantennal responses of Microplitis mediator and Peristenus spretus to DMNT and TMTT were both dose dependent. Laboratory behavioural bioassays showed that females of both wasp species responded positively to DMNT and males and females of M. mediator could be attracted by TMTT. The results provide a better understanding of homoterpene biosynthesis in G. hirsutum and of the potential influence of homoterpenes on the behaviour of natural enemies, which lay a foundation to study genetically modified homoterpene biosynthesis and its possible application in agricultural pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect PestsInstitute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xinzheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect PestsInstitute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Weixia Jing
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect PestsInstitute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Plant ProtectionShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anShandongChina
| | - Xingkui An
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect PestsInstitute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect PestsInstitute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect PestsInstitute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jingjiang Zhou
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop ProtectionRothamsted ResearchHarpendenUK
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect PestsInstitute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yuyuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect PestsInstitute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
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Bastias DA, Martínez-Ghersa MA, Ballaré CL, Gundel PE. Epichloë Fungal Endophytes and Plant Defenses: Not Just Alkaloids. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 22:939-948. [PMID: 28923242 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Although the role of fungal alkaloids in protecting grasses associated with Epichloë fungal endophytes has been extensively documented, the effects of the symbiont on the host plant's immune responses have received little attention. We propose that, in addition to producing protective alkaloids, endophytes enhance plant immunity against chewing insects by promoting endogenous defense responses mediated by the jasmonic acid (JA) pathway. We advance a model that integrates this dual effect of endophytes on plant defenses and test its predictions by means of a standard meta-analysis. This analysis supports a role of Epichloë endophytes in boosting JA-mediated plant defenses. We discuss the ecological scenarios where this effect of endophytes on plant defenses would be most beneficial for increasing plant fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Bastias
- IFEVA, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 4453 Buenos Aires, C1417DSE Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - M Alejandra Martínez-Ghersa
- IFEVA, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 4453 Buenos Aires, C1417DSE Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos L Ballaré
- IFEVA, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 4453 Buenos Aires, C1417DSE Buenos Aires, Argentina; IIB-INTECH, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pedro E Gundel
- IFEVA, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 4453 Buenos Aires, C1417DSE Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Ahanger MA, Tomar NS, Tittal M, Argal S, Agarwal RM. Plant growth under water/salt stress: ROS production; antioxidants and significance of added potassium under such conditions. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 23:731-744. [PMID: 29158624 PMCID: PMC5671444 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-017-0462-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants are confronted with a variety of environmenmtal stresses resulting in enhanced production of ROS. Plants require a threshold level of ROS for vital functions and any change in their concentration alters the entire physiology of plant. Delicate balance of ROS is maintained by an efficient functioning of intriguing indigenous defence system called antioxidant system comprising enzymatic and non enzymatic components. Down regulation of antioxidant system leads to ROS induced oxidative stress causing damage to important cellular structures and hence anomalies in metabolism. Proper mineral nutrition, in addition to other agricultural practices, forms an important part for growth and hence the yield. Potassium (K) is a key macro-element regulating growth and development through alterations in physiological and biochemical attributes. K has been reported to result into accumulation of osmolytes and augmentation of antioxidant components in the plants exposed to water and salt stress. In the present review an effort has been made to revisit the old findings and the current advances in research regarding the role of optimal, suboptimal and deficient K soil status on growth under normal and stressful conditions. Effect of K deficiency and sufficiency is discussed and the information about the K mediated antioxidant regulation and plant response is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nisha Singh Tomar
- School of Studies in Botany, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, MP 474011 India
| | - Megha Tittal
- School of Studies in Botany, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, MP 474011 India
| | - Surendra Argal
- School of Studies in Botany, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, MP 474011 India
| | - R. M. Agarwal
- School of Studies in Botany, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, MP 474011 India
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Pappas ML, Broekgaarden C, Broufas GD, Kant MR, Messelink GJ, Steppuhn A, Wäckers F, van Dam NM. Induced plant defences in biological control of arthropod pests: a double-edged sword. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2017; 73:1780-1788. [PMID: 28387028 PMCID: PMC5575458 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Biological control is an important ecosystem service delivered by natural enemies. Together with breeding for plant defence, it constitutes one of the most promising alternatives to pesticides for controlling herbivores in sustainable crop production. Especially induced plant defences may be promising targets in plant breeding for resistance against arthropod pests. Because they are activated upon herbivore damage, costs are only incurred when defence is needed. Moreover, they can be more specific than constitutive defences. Nevertheless, inducible defence traits that are harming plant pest organisms may interfere with biological control agents, such as predators and parasitoids. Despite the vast fundamental knowledge on plant defence mechanisms and their effects on natural enemies, our understanding of the feasibility of combining biological control with induced plant defence in practice is relatively poor. In this review, we focus on arthropod pest control and present the most important features of biological control with natural enemies and of induced plant defence. Furthermore, we show potential synergies and conflicts among them and, finally, identify gaps and list opportunities for their combined use in crop protection. We suggest that breeders should focus on inducible resistance traits that are compatible with the natural enemies of arthropod pests, specifically traits that help communities of natural enemies to build up. © 2017 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Pappas
- Democritus University of Thrace, Faculty of Agricultural and Forestry SciencesDepartment of Agricultural DevelopmentOrestiadaGreece
| | - Colette Broekgaarden
- Utrecht University, Faculty of ScienceDepartment of Biology, Plant − Microbe InteractionsUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - George D Broufas
- Democritus University of Thrace, Faculty of Agricultural and Forestry SciencesDepartment of Agricultural DevelopmentOrestiadaGreece
| | - Merijn R Kant
- University of AmsterdamInstitute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, Section Molecular and Chemical EcologyAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Anke Steppuhn
- Freie Universität BerlinInstitute of Biology, Molecular Ecology, Dahlem Centre of Plant SciencesBerlinGermany
| | - Felix Wäckers
- BiobestWesterloBelgium
- Lancaster UniversityLancaster Environment CentreUK
| | - Nicole M van Dam
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Friedrich Schiller University JenaInstitute of EcologyJenaGermany
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Benítez E, Paredes D, Rodríguez E, Aldana D, González M, Nogales R, Campos M, Moreno B. Bottom-up effects on herbivore-induced plant defences: a case study based on compositional patterns of rhizosphere microbial communities. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6251. [PMID: 28740172 PMCID: PMC5524984 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06714-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Below-ground soil microorganisms can modulate above-ground plant-insect interactions. It still needs to be determined whether this is a direct effect of single species or an indirect effect of shifts in soil microbial community assemblages. Evaluation of the soil microbiome as a whole is critical for understanding multi-trophic interactions, including those mediated by volatiles involving plants, herbivorous insects, predators/parasitoids and microorganisms. We implemented a regulated system comprising Nerium oleander plants grown in soil initially containing a sterile/non sterile inoculum, herbivore Aphis nerii and predator Chrysoperla carnea. After aphid attack, plants emitted a characteristic blend of volatiles derived from two biosynthetic classes: fatty acid catabolites and aromatic-derived products. Three aliphatic compounds were mainly detected in plants grown in the inoculated microbial soil, a blend which was preferentially chosen by C. carnea adult females. The contrasting effect of the initial inocula was attributed to the different microbial consortia developed in each treatment. We argue that differences in the relative abundance of the active microbial communities in the rhizosphere correlate with those in the emission of selected volatile compounds by attacked plants. The mechanisms involved in how the functional soil microbiome modulates inducible indirect defence of plants are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Benítez
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ), CSIC, 18008, Granada, Spain.
| | - Daniel Paredes
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ), CSIC, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Estefanía Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera, Centro IFAPA La Mojonera, Almería, Spain
| | - Diana Aldana
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ), CSIC, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Mónica González
- Estación Experimental Las Palmerillas, Cajamar, Almería, Spain
| | - Rogelio Nogales
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ), CSIC, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Mercedes Campos
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ), CSIC, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Beatriz Moreno
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ), CSIC, 18008, Granada, Spain
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Wise MJ, Abrahamson WG. Constraints on the evolution of resistance to gall flies in Solidago altissima: resistance sometimes costs more than it is worth. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 215:423-433. [PMID: 28480970 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant populations frequently maintain submaximal levels of resistance to natural enemies, even in the presence of substantial genetic variation for resistance. Identifying constraints on the evolution of increased resistance has been a major goal of researchers of plant-herbivore interactions. In a glasshouse study, we measured relative costs and benefits of resistance of tall goldenrod (Solidago altissima) to the gall-inducing tephritid Eurosta solidaginis. We exposed multiple ramets of 26 goldenrod genets to nutrient or shade stress and to oviposition by E. solidaginis. The presence of a gall cost a ramet an average of 1743 seeds, but the cost differed 10-fold across environments. Plant genets varied widely for an induced 'hypersensitive' response in which meristem cells become necrotic and kill E. solidaginis hatchlings before gall induction. There was no evidence that this highly effective resistance trait carried an allocation cost. However, the response carried a risk of autotoxicity, as necrosis killed the apex of 37% of the ungalled ramets. On average, a damaged apex cost each ramet 5015 seeds. Autotoxicity may constrain the resistance of S. altissima to an intermediate level, and variation in environmental conditions may alter the relative costs and benefits of resistance and tolerance, thus maintaining genetic variation within goldenrod populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Wise
- Department of Biology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA, 17837, USA
- Department of Biology, Roanoke College, Salem, VA, 24153, USA
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Liu X, Klinkhamer PGL, Vrieling K. The effect of structurally related metabolites on insect herbivores: A case study on pyrrolizidine alkaloids and western flower thrips. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2017; 138:93-103. [PMID: 28267991 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant specialised metabolites (SMs) are very diverse in terms of both their number and chemical structures with more than 200,000 estimated compounds. This chemical diversity occurs not only among different groups of compounds but also within the groups themselves. In the context of plant-insect interactions, the chemical diversity within a class of structurally related metabolites is generally also related to their bioactivity. In this study, we tested firstly whether individual SMs within the group of pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) differ in their effects on insect herbivores (western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis). Secondly, we tested combinations of PA N-oxides to determine whether they are more active than their individual components. We also evaluated the bioactivity of six PA free bases and their corresponding N-oxides. At concentrations similar to that in plants, several PAs reduced thrip's survival but the effect also differed strongly among PAs. In general, PA free bases caused a lower survival than their corresponding N-oxides. Among the tested PA free bases, we found jacobine and retrorsine to be the most active against second instar larvae of thrips, followed by erucifoline and seneciphylline, while senecionine and monocrotaline did not exhibit significant dose-dependent effects on thrip's survival. In the case of PA N-oxides, we found that only senecionine N-oxide and jacobine N-oxide reduced thrip's survival, although the effect of senecionine N-oxide was weak. Combinations of PA N-oxides showed no synergistic effects. These findings indicate the differences observed in the effect of structurally related SMs on insect herbivores. It is of limited value to study the bioactivity of combined groups, such as PAs, without taking their composition into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Liu
- Plant Ecology and Phytochemistry, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, PO Box 9505, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Peter G L Klinkhamer
- Plant Ecology and Phytochemistry, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, PO Box 9505, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas Vrieling
- Plant Ecology and Phytochemistry, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, PO Box 9505, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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50
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Plant-mediated effects on an insect-pathogen interaction vary with intraspecific genetic variation in plant defences. Oecologia 2017; 183:1121-1134. [PMID: 28144733 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-017-3826-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Baculoviruses are food-borne microbial pathogens that are ingested by insects on contaminated foliage. Oxidation of plant-derived phenolics, activated by insect feeding, can directly interfere with infections in the gut. Since phenolic oxidation is an important component of plant resistance against insects, baculoviruses are suggested to be incompatible with plant defences. However, plants among and within species invest differently in a myriad of chemical and physical defences. Therefore, we hypothesized that among eight soybean genotypes, some genotypes would be able to maintain both high resistance against an insect pest and high efficacy of a baculovirus. Soybean constitutive (non-induced) and jasmonic acid (JA)-induced (anti-herbivore response) resistance was measured against the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (weight gain, leaf consumption and utilization). Indicators of phenolic oxidation were measured as foliar phenolic content and peroxidase activity. Levels of armyworm mortality inflicted by baculovirus (SfMNPV) did not vary among soybean genotypes when the virus was ingested with non-induced foliage. Ingestion of the virus on JA-induced foliage reduced armyworm mortality, relative to non-induced foliage, on some soybean genotypes. Baculovirus efficacy was lower when ingested with foliage that contained higher phenolic content and defensive properties that reduced armyworm weight gain and leaf utilization. However, soybean genotypes that defended the plant by reducing consumption rate and strongly deterred feeding upon JA-induction did not reduce baculovirus efficacy, indicating that these defences may be more compatible with baculoviruses to maximize plant protection. Differential compatibility of defence traits with the third trophic level highlights an important cost/trade-off associated with plant defence strategies.
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