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Walzik D, Wences Chirino TY, Zimmer P, Joisten N. Molecular insights of exercise therapy in disease prevention and treatment. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:138. [PMID: 38806473 PMCID: PMC11133400 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01841-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite substantial evidence emphasizing the pleiotropic benefits of exercise for the prevention and treatment of various diseases, the underlying biological mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Several exercise benefits have been attributed to signaling molecules that are released in response to exercise by different tissues such as skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, adipose, and liver tissue. These signaling molecules, which are collectively termed exerkines, form a heterogenous group of bioactive substances, mediating inter-organ crosstalk as well as structural and functional tissue adaption. Numerous scientific endeavors have focused on identifying and characterizing new biological mediators with such properties. Additionally, some investigations have focused on the molecular targets of exerkines and the cellular signaling cascades that trigger adaption processes. A detailed understanding of the tissue-specific downstream effects of exerkines is crucial to harness the health-related benefits mediated by exercise and improve targeted exercise programs in health and disease. Herein, we review the current in vivo evidence on exerkine-induced signal transduction across multiple target tissues and highlight the preventive and therapeutic value of exerkine signaling in various diseases. By emphasizing different aspects of exerkine research, we provide a comprehensive overview of (i) the molecular underpinnings of exerkine secretion, (ii) the receptor-dependent and receptor-independent signaling cascades mediating tissue adaption, and (iii) the clinical implications of these mechanisms in disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Walzik
- Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, 44227, Dortmund, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Tiffany Y Wences Chirino
- Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, 44227, Dortmund, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Philipp Zimmer
- Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, 44227, Dortmund, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
| | - Niklas Joisten
- Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, 44227, Dortmund, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
- Division of Exercise and Movement Science, Institute for Sport Science, University of Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany.
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Cao G, Zuo J, Wu B, Wu Y. Polyphenol supplementation boosts aerobic endurance in athletes: systematic review. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1369174. [PMID: 38651044 PMCID: PMC11033476 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1369174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, an increasing trend has been observed in the consumption of specific polyphenols, such as flavonoids and phenolic acids, derived from green tea, berries, and other similar sources. These compounds are believed to alleviate oxidative stress and inflammation resulting from exercise, potentially enhancing athletic performance. This systematic review critically examines the role of polyphenol supplementation in improving aerobic endurance among athletes and individuals with regular exercise habits. The review involved a thorough search of major literature databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, SPORTDiscus, and Embase, covering re-search up to the year 2023. Out of 491 initially identified articles, 11 met the strict inclusion criteria for this review. These studies specifically focused on the incorporation of polyphenols or polyphenol-containing complexes in their experimental design, assessing their impact on aerobic endurance. The methodology adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, and the risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane bias risk assessment tool. While this review suggests that polyphenol supplementation might enhance certain aspects of aerobic endurance and promote fat oxidation, it is important to interpret these findings with caution, considering the limited number of studies available. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42023453321.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gexin Cao
- Department of Exercise Physiology, School of Sports Science, Beijing Sports University, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Sports Stress and Adaptation of General Administration of Sport, Beijing Sports University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zuo
- Laboratory of Sports Stress and Adaptation of General Administration of Sport, Beijing Sports University, Beijing, China
- Department of Anatomy Laboratory, School of Sports Science, Beijing Sports University, Beijing, China
| | - Baile Wu
- Department of Exercise Physiology, School of Sports Science, Beijing Sports University, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Sports Stress and Adaptation of General Administration of Sport, Beijing Sports University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Exercise Physiology, School of Sports Science, Beijing Sports University, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Sports Stress and Adaptation of General Administration of Sport, Beijing Sports University, Beijing, China
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Lame-Jouybari AH, Abbasalizad-Farhangi M. Effects of eight-week regular high-intensity interval training and hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) seed on total testosterone level among sedentary young males: double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Endocrine 2024; 84:273-286. [PMID: 38085421 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03629-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) alone or in combination with hemp seed on total testosterone (TT) levels, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), body composition, oxidative stress, and antioxidant capacity in sedentary young males. METHODS Randomly, 48 young sedentary males were assigned among four groups (each comprising 12 individuals) as follows: HIIT + hemp seed (HH), HIIT + placebo (AT), hemp seed only (HS), and control. For eight weeks, exercise groups had HIIT three times per week. Hemp seed groups received 2 g of powder daily. The plasma levels of TT, SHBG, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and also body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BF%), and muscle mass percentage (MM%) were measured. The analysis was based on the intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP). RESULTS Based on ITT, BMI and BF% decreased, and MM% increased significantly post-intervention in HIIT groups (p < 0.05). TT increased significantly in the HH [mean difference 0.45, 95% CI 0.1 to 0.7, p = 0.005] and AT [mean difference 0.37, 95% CI 0.1 to 0.7, p = 0.01]. The whole hemp seed components showed a significant antioxidant potential. However, none of the SOD, CAT, and MDA indices showed significant changes post-interventions (p ≥ 0.05). CONCLUSION Finally, HIIT and hemp seed intake showed no significant effects on the antioxidant defense system. However, regular HIIT significantly increased TT levels and improved body composition in sedentary young males. TRIAL REGISTRATION Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (registration code: IRCT20140907019082N10).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Lame-Jouybari
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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4
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Chi T, Sang T, Wang Y, Ye Z. Cleavage and Noncleavage Chemistry in Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)-Responsive Materials for Smart Drug Delivery. Bioconjug Chem 2024; 35:1-21. [PMID: 38118277 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
The design and development of advanced drug delivery systems targeting reactive oxygen species (ROS) have gained significant interest in recent years for treating various diseases, including cancer, psychiatric diseases, cardiovascular diseases, neurological diseases, metabolic diseases, and chronic inflammations. Integrating specific chemical bonds capable of effectively responding to ROS and triggering drug release into the delivery system is crucial. In this Review, we discuss commonly used conjugation linkers (chemical bonds) and categorize them into two groups: cleavable linkers and noncleavable linkers. Our goal is to clarify their unique drug release mechanisms from a chemical perspective and provide practical organic synthesis approaches for their efficient production. We showcase numerous significant examples to demonstrate their synthesis routes and diverse applications. Ultimately, we strive to present a comprehensive overview of cleavage and noncleavage chemistry, offering insights into the development of smart drug delivery systems that respond to ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Chi
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Ting Sang
- School of Stomatology of Nanchang University & Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yanjing Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Zhou Ye
- Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R. 999077, China
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Zhang J, Feng J, Jia J, Wang X, Zhou J, Liu L. Research progress on the pathogenesis and treatment of ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22317. [PMID: 38053869 PMCID: PMC10694316 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolonged controlled mechanical ventilation (CMV) can cause diaphragm fiber atrophy and inspiratory muscle weakness, resulting in diaphragmatic contractile dysfunction, called ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction (VIDD). VIDD is associated with higher rates of in-hospital deaths, nosocomial pneumonia, difficulty weaning from ventilators, and increased costs. Currently, appropriate clinical strategies to prevent and treat VIDD are unavailable, necessitating the importance of exploring the mechanisms of VIDD and suitable treatment options to reduce the healthcare burden. Numerous animal studies have demonstrated that ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction is associated with oxidative stress, increased protein hydrolysis, disuse atrophy, and calcium ion disorders. Therefore, this article summarizes the molecular pathogenesis and treatment of ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction in recent years so that it can be better served clinically and is essential to reduce the duration of mechanical ventilation use, intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay, and the medical burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, China
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, China
| | - Jianguo Feng
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, China
| | - Jing Jia
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, China
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, China
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, China
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, China
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, China
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Kamunde C, Wijayakulathilake Y, Okoye C, Chinnappareddy N, Kalvani Z, van den Heuvel M, Sappal R, Stevens D. Exhaustive exercise alters native and site-specific H 2O 2 emission in red and white skeletal muscle mitochondria. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 208:602-613. [PMID: 37729974 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis is intricately linked to energy conversion reactions and entails regulation of the mechanisms of ROS production and removal. However, there is limited understanding of how energy demand modulates ROS balance. Skeletal muscle experiences a wide range of energy requirements depending on the intensity and duration of exercise and therefore is an excellent model to probe the effect of altered energy demand on mitochondrial ROS production. Because in most fish skeletal muscle exists essentially as pure spatially distinct slow-twitch red oxidative and fast-twitch white glycolytic fibers, it provides a natural system for investigating how functional specialization affects ROS homeostasis. We tested the hypothesis that acute increase in energy demand imposed by exhaustive exercise will increase mitochondrial H2O2 emission to a greater extent in red muscle mitochondria (RMM) compared with white muscle mitochondria (WMM). We found that native H2O2 emission rates varied by up to 6-fold depending on the substrate being oxidized and muscle fiber type, with RMM emitting at higher rates with glutamate-malate and palmitoylcarnitine while WMM emitted at higher rates with succinate and glyceral-3-phosphate. Exhaustive exercise increased the native and site-specific H2O2 emission rates; however, the maximal emission rates depended on the substrate, fiber type and redox site. The H2O2 consumption capacity and activities of individual antioxidant enzymes including the glutathione- and thioredoxin-dependent peroxidases as well as catalase were higher in RMM compared with WMM indicating that the activity of antioxidant defense system does not explain the differences in H2O2 emission rates in RMM and WMM. Overall, our study suggests that substrate selection and oxidation may be the key factors determining the rates of ROS production in RMM and WMM following exhaustive exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collins Kamunde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, PE, Canada.
| | - Yashodya Wijayakulathilake
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, PE, Canada
| | - Chidozie Okoye
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, PE, Canada
| | - Nirmala Chinnappareddy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, PE, Canada
| | - Zahra Kalvani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, PE, Canada
| | | | - Ravinder Sappal
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Long Island University, New York, USA
| | - Don Stevens
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, PE, Canada
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Ye M, Dewi L, Liao YC, Nicholls A, Huang CY, Kuo CH. DNA oxidation after exercise: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1275867. [PMID: 38028771 PMCID: PMC10644354 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1275867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: 8-Hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is a byproduct of DNA oxidation resulting from free radical attacks. Paradoxically, treatment with 8-OHdG accelerates tissue healing. The aim of this study is to quantify the 8-OHdG response after a single session of exercise in both trained and untrained adults. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of exercise intervention studies measuring changes in blood 8-OHdG following resistance exercise and aerobic exercise were conducted. The literature search included Web of Science, PubMed, BASE, and Scopus, with publications up to February 2023 included. Subgroup analysis of training status was also conducted. Results: Sixteen studies involving 431 participants met the eligibility criteria. Resistance exercise showed a medium effect on increasing circulating 8-OHdG levels (SMD = 0.66, p < 0.001), which was similar for both trained and untrained participants. However, studies on aerobic exercise presented mixed results. For trained participants, a small effect of aerobic exercise on increasing circulating 8-OHdG levels was observed (SMD = 0.42; p < 0.001). In contrast, for untrained participants, a large effect of decreasing circulating 8-OHdG levels was observed, mostly after long-duration aerobic exercise (SMD = -1.16; p < 0.05). Similar to resistance exercise, high-intensity aerobic exercise (5-45 min, ≥75% VO2max) significantly increased circulating 8-OHdG levels, primarily in trained participants. Conclusion: Pooled results from the studies confirm an increase in circulating 8-OHdG levels after resistance exercise. However, further studies are needed to fully confirm the circulating 8-OHdG response to aerobic exercise. Increases in 8-OHdG after high-intensity aerobic exercise are observed only in trained individuals, implicating its role in training adaptation. Systematic Review Registration: [https://Systematicreview.gov/], identifier [CRD42022324180].
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxin Ye
- College of Physical Education and Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Luthfia Dewi
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chieh Liao
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Andrew Nicholls
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondria Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hua Kuo
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Strojny-Cieślak B, Jaworski S, Wierzbicki M, Pruchniewski M, Sosnowska-Ławnicka M, Szczepaniak J, Lange A, Koczoń P, Zielińska-Górska M, Chwalibóg ES. The cytocompatibility of graphene oxide as a platform to enhance the effectiveness and safety of silver nanoparticles through in vitro studies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-30151-1. [PMID: 37824053 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30151-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The increasing emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and the need to reduce the use of antibiotics call for the development of safe alternatives, such as silver nanoparticles. However, their potential cytotoxic effect needs to be addressed. Graphene oxide provides a large platform that can increase the effectiveness and safety of silver nanoparticles. Graphene oxide and silver nanoparticles complex applied as a part of an innovative material might have direct contact with human tissues, such as skin, or might be inhaled from aerosol or exfoliated pieces of the complex. Thereby, the safety of the prepared complex has to be evaluated carefully, employing a range of methods. We demonstrated the high cytocompatibility of graphene oxide and the graphene oxide-silver nanoparticles complex toward human cell lines, fetal foreskin fibroblasts (HFFF2), and lung epithelial cells (A549). The supporting platform of graphene oxide also neutralized the slight toxicity of bare silver nanoparticles. Finally, in studies on Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the number of bacteria reduction was observed after incubation with silver nanoparticles and the graphene oxide-silver nanoparticles complex. Our findings confirm the possibility of employing a graphene oxide-silver nanoparticles complex as a safe agent with reduced silver nanoparticles' cytotoxicity and antibacterial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Strojny-Cieślak
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Sławomir Jaworski
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Wierzbicki
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Pruchniewski
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malwina Sosnowska-Ławnicka
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jarosław Szczepaniak
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Lange
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Koczoń
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marlena Zielińska-Górska
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Sawosz Chwalibóg
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Almuraikhy S, Anwardeen N, Doudin A, Sellami M, Domling A, Agouni A, Althani AA, Elrayess MA. Antioxidative Stress Metabolic Pathways in Moderately Active Individuals. Metabolites 2023; 13:973. [PMID: 37755253 PMCID: PMC10535328 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13090973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) is known to have beneficial effects on health, primarily through its antioxidative stress properties. However, the specific metabolic pathways that underlie these effects are not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the metabolic pathways that are involved in the protective effects of moderate PA in non-obese and healthy individuals. Data on 305 young, non-obese participants were obtained from the Qatar Biobank. The participants were classified as active or sedentary based on their self-reported PA levels. Plasma metabolomics data were collected and analyzed to identify differences in metabolic pathways between the two groups. The results showed that active participants had increased activation of antioxidative, stress-related pathways, including lysoplasmalogen, plasmalogen, phosphatidylcholine, vitamin A, and glutathione. Additionally, there were significant associations between glutathione metabolites and certain clinical traits, including bilirubin, uric acid, hemoglobin, and iron. This study provides new insights into the metabolic pathways that are involved in the protective effects of moderate PA in non-obese and healthy individuals. The findings may have implications for the development of new therapeutic strategies that target these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamma Almuraikhy
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
- Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Drug Design, Groningen University, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Najeha Anwardeen
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Asmma Doudin
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Maha Sellami
- Physical Education Department (PE), College of Education, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Alexander Domling
- Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Drug Design, Groningen University, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Abdelali Agouni
- College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Asmaa A. Althani
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Mohamed A. Elrayess
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
- College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
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10
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Sharlo KA, Lvova ID, Tyganov SA, Sergeeva KV, Kalashnikov VY, Kalashnikova EP, Mirzoev TM, Kalamkarov GR, Shevchenko TF, Shenkman BS. A Prochlorperazine-Induced Decrease in Autonomous Muscle Activity during Hindlimb Unloading Is Accompanied by Preserved Slow Myosin mRNA Expression. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:5613-5630. [PMID: 37504270 PMCID: PMC10378404 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45070354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle disuse leads to pathological muscle activity as well as to slow-to-fast fiber-type transformation. Fast-type fibers are more fatigable than slow-type, so this transformation leads to a decline in muscle function. Prochlorperazine injections previously were shown to attenuate autonomous rat soleus muscle electrical activity under unloading conditions. In this study, we found that prochlorperazine blocks slow-to-fast fiber-type transformation in disused skeletal muscles of rats, possibly through affecting calcium and ROS-related signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina A Sharlo
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, 123007 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina D Lvova
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, 123007 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey A Tyganov
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, 123007 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ksenia V Sergeeva
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, 123007 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vitaly Y Kalashnikov
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, 123007 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina P Kalashnikova
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, 123007 Moscow, Russia
| | - Timur M Mirzoev
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, 123007 Moscow, Russia
| | - Grigoriy R Kalamkarov
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana F Shevchenko
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris S Shenkman
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, 123007 Moscow, Russia
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11
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Jacome Burbano MS, Robin JD, Bauwens S, Martin M, Donati E, Martínez L, Lin P, Sacconi S, Magdinier F, Gilson E. Non-canonical telomere protection role of FOXO3a of human skeletal muscle cells regulated by the TRF2-redox axis. Commun Biol 2023; 6:561. [PMID: 37231173 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04903-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomeric repeat binding factor 2 (TRF2) binds to telomeres and protects chromosome ends against the DNA damage response and senescence. Although the expression of TRF2 is downregulated upon cellular senescence and in various aging tissues, including skeletal muscle tissues, very little is known about the contribution of this decline to aging. We previously showed that TRF2 loss in myofibers does not trigger telomere deprotection but mitochondrial dysfunction leading to an increased level of reactive oxygen species. We show here that this oxidative stress triggers the binding of FOXO3a to telomeres where it protects against ATM activation, revealing a previously unrecognized telomere protective function of FOXO3a, to the best of our knowledge. We further showed in transformed fibroblasts and myotubes that the telomere properties of FOXO3a are dependent on the C-terminal segment of its CR2 domain (CR2C) but independent of its Forkhead DNA binding domain and of its CR3 transactivation domain. We propose that these non-canonical properties of FOXO3a at telomeres play a role downstream of the mitochondrial signaling induced by TRF2 downregulation to regulate skeletal muscle homeostasis and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jérôme D Robin
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, IRCAN, Faculté de médecine Nice, Nice, France
| | - Serge Bauwens
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, IRCAN, Faculté de médecine Nice, Nice, France
| | - Marjorie Martin
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, IRCAN, Faculté de médecine Nice, Nice, France
| | - Emma Donati
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, IRCAN, Faculté de médecine Nice, Nice, France
| | - Lucia Martínez
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, IRCAN, Faculté de médecine Nice, Nice, France
| | - Peipei Lin
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, IRCAN, Faculté de médecine Nice, Nice, France
- Department of Geriatrics, Medical center on Aging of Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Pôle Sino-Français de Recherches en Sciences du Vivant et Génomique, International Research Project in Hematology, Cancer and Aging, RuiJin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School, Shanghai, China
| | - Sabrina Sacconi
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, IRCAN, Faculté de médecine Nice, Nice, France
- Peripheral Nervous System, Muscle and ALS, Neuromuscular & ALS Center of Reference, FHU Oncoage, Nice University Hospital, Pasteur 2, Nice, France
| | | | - Eric Gilson
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, IRCAN, Faculté de médecine Nice, Nice, France.
- Department of Geriatrics, Medical center on Aging of Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Pôle Sino-Français de Recherches en Sciences du Vivant et Génomique, International Research Project in Hematology, Cancer and Aging, RuiJin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Genetics, CHU; FHU OncoAge, Nice, France.
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12
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Marmett B, Carvalho RB, Silva GND, Dorneles GP, Romão PRT, Nunes RB, Rhoden CR. The role of O 3 exposure and physical activity status on redox state, inflammation, and pulmonary toxicity of young men: A cross-sectional study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 231:116020. [PMID: 37119842 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The exposure to traffic-related air pollutants, such as NO2 and O3, are associated with detrimental health effects, becoming one of the greatest public health issues worldwide. Exercising in polluted environments could result in harmful outcomes for health and may blunt the physiological adaptations of exercise training. This study aimed to investigate the influence of physical activity and O3 exposure on redox status, an inflammatory marker, response to stress, and pulmonary toxicity of healthy young individuals. We performed a cross-sectional study with 100 individuals that, based on their exposure to O3 and physical fitness (PF) level, were distributed in four groups: Low PF + Low O3; Low PF + High O3; High PF + Low O3; High PF + High O3. We evaluated personal exposure to NO2 and O3, physical activity level, variables of oxidative stress (SOD, ROS, CAT, GSH, TBARS), pulmonary toxicity (CC16), and inflammatory mediators (IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, HSP70). Spearman correlation test to check the association among the variables was used and to compare groups we used one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni's post hoc and Kruskal Wallis test followed by Dunn's post hoc. O3 levels correlated with physical activity (r = 0.25; p = 0.01) but not with age or markers of body composition (p > 0.05). The individuals with high physical fitness that were less exposed to O3 presented higher CAT activity (p < 0.001), lower TBARS (p < 0.01) and IL-1β concentrations (p < 0.01), higher IL-6 (p < 0.05) and IL-10 concentrations (p < 0.05), lower IL-6:1L-10 ratio (p < 0.05), lower CC16 levels (p < 0.05), and higher HSP70 concentration (p < 0.05). Physical activity could result in higher exposure to O3 that could partially blunt some exercise adaptations, while high physical fitness improved the antioxidant defense system, systemic inflammatory mediators, and pulmonary toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Marmett
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Pollution, Graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Roseana Boek Carvalho
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Pollution, Graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gedaias Noronha da Silva
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Pollution, Graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gilson Pires Dorneles
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Pedro Roosevelt Torres Romão
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ramiro Barcos Nunes
- Research Department - Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Sul-rio-grandense, Gravataí, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Ramos Rhoden
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Pollution, Graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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13
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Henrot P, Dupin I, Schilfarth P, Esteves P, Blervaque L, Zysman M, Gouzi F, Hayot M, Pomiès P, Berger P. Main Pathogenic Mechanisms and Recent Advances in COPD Peripheral Skeletal Muscle Wasting. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076454. [PMID: 37047427 PMCID: PMC10095391 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a worldwide prevalent respiratory disease mainly caused by tobacco smoke exposure. COPD is now considered as a systemic disease with several comorbidities. Among them, skeletal muscle dysfunction affects around 20% of COPD patients and is associated with higher morbidity and mortality. Although the histological alterations are well characterized, including myofiber atrophy, a decreased proportion of slow-twitch myofibers, and a decreased capillarization and oxidative phosphorylation capacity, the molecular basis for muscle atrophy is complex and remains partly unknown. Major difficulties lie in patient heterogeneity, accessing patients' samples, and complex multifactorial process including extrinsic mechanisms, such as tobacco smoke or disuse, and intrinsic mechanisms, such as oxidative stress, hypoxia, or systemic inflammation. Muscle wasting is also a highly dynamic process whose investigation is hampered by the differential protein regulation according to the stage of atrophy. In this review, we report and discuss recent data regarding the molecular alterations in COPD leading to impaired muscle mass, including inflammation, hypoxia and hypercapnia, mitochondrial dysfunction, diverse metabolic changes such as oxidative and nitrosative stress and genetic and epigenetic modifications, all leading to an impaired anabolic/catabolic balance in the myocyte. We recapitulate data concerning skeletal muscle dysfunction obtained in the different rodent models of COPD. Finally, we propose several pathways that should be investigated in COPD skeletal muscle dysfunction in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Henrot
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Univ. Bordeaux, U1045, F-33604 Pessac, France
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CIC 1401, F-33604 Pessac, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service d'Exploration Fonctionnelle Respiratoire, CIC 1401, Service de Pneumologie, F-33604 Pessac, France
| | - Isabelle Dupin
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Univ. Bordeaux, U1045, F-33604 Pessac, France
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CIC 1401, F-33604 Pessac, France
| | - Pierre Schilfarth
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Univ. Bordeaux, U1045, F-33604 Pessac, France
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CIC 1401, F-33604 Pessac, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service d'Exploration Fonctionnelle Respiratoire, CIC 1401, Service de Pneumologie, F-33604 Pessac, France
| | - Pauline Esteves
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Univ. Bordeaux, U1045, F-33604 Pessac, France
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CIC 1401, F-33604 Pessac, France
| | - Léo Blervaque
- PhyMedExp, INSERM-CNRS-Montpellier University, F-34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Maéva Zysman
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Univ. Bordeaux, U1045, F-33604 Pessac, France
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CIC 1401, F-33604 Pessac, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service d'Exploration Fonctionnelle Respiratoire, CIC 1401, Service de Pneumologie, F-33604 Pessac, France
| | - Fares Gouzi
- PhyMedExp, INSERM-CNRS-Montpellier University, CHRU Montpellier, F-34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Maurice Hayot
- PhyMedExp, INSERM-CNRS-Montpellier University, CHRU Montpellier, F-34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Pascal Pomiès
- PhyMedExp, INSERM-CNRS-Montpellier University, F-34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Patrick Berger
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Univ. Bordeaux, U1045, F-33604 Pessac, France
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CIC 1401, F-33604 Pessac, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service d'Exploration Fonctionnelle Respiratoire, CIC 1401, Service de Pneumologie, F-33604 Pessac, France
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14
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Brizzolari A, Bosco G, Vezzoli A, Dellanoce C, Barassi A, Paganini M, Cialoni D, Mrakic-Sposta S. Seasonal Oxy-Inflammation and Hydration Status in Non-Elite Freeskiing Racer: A Pilot Study by Non-Invasive Analytic Method. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3157. [PMID: 36833850 PMCID: PMC9960265 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Freeskiing is performed in an extreme environment, with significant physical effort that can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and dehydration. This study aimed to investigate the evolution of the oxy-inflammation and hydration status during a freeskiing training season with non-invasive methods. Eight trained freeskiers were investigated during a season training: T0 (beginning), T1-T3 (training sessions), and T4 (after the end). Urine and saliva were collected at T0, before (A) and after (B) T1-T3, and at T4. ROS, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), interleukin-6 (IL-6), nitric oxide (NO) derivatives, neopterin, and electrolyte balance changes were investigated. We found significant increases in ROS generation (T1A-B +71%; T2A-B +65%; T3A-B +49%; p < 0.05-0.01) and IL-6 (T2A-B +112%; T3A-B +133%; p < 0.01). We did not observe significant variation of TAC and NOx after training sessions. Furthermore, ROS and IL-6 showed statistically significant differences between T0 and T4 (ROS +48%, IL-6 +86%; p < 0.05). Freeskiing induced an increase in ROS production, which can be contained by antioxidant defense activation, and in IL-6, as a consequence of physical activity and skeletal muscular contraction. We did not find deep changes in electrolytes balance, likely because all freeskiers were well-trained and very experienced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Brizzolari
- Environmental Physiology and Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- DAN Europe Research Division, 64026 Roseto degli Abruzzi, Italy
| | - Gerardo Bosco
- Environmental Physiology and Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Vezzoli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (IFC-CNR), Piazza dell’Ospedale Maggiore, 3, 20162 Milan, Italy
| | - Cinzia Dellanoce
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (IFC-CNR), Piazza dell’Ospedale Maggiore, 3, 20162 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Barassi
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Paganini
- Environmental Physiology and Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Danilo Cialoni
- Environmental Physiology and Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- DAN Europe Research Division, 64026 Roseto degli Abruzzi, Italy
| | - Simona Mrakic-Sposta
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (IFC-CNR), Piazza dell’Ospedale Maggiore, 3, 20162 Milan, Italy
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Is the fundamental pathology in Duchenne's muscular dystrophy caused by a failure of glycogenolysis–glycolysis in costameres? J Genet 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-022-01410-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Corral-Pérez J, Alcala M, Velázquez-Díaz D, Perez-Bey A, Vázquez-Sánchez MÁ, Calderon-Dominguez M, Casals C, Ponce-González JG. Sex-Specific Relationships of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour with Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Markers in Young Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:899. [PMID: 36673654 PMCID: PMC9859474 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20020899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to analyse sex-specific associations of physical activity and sedentary behaviour with oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in a young-adult population. Sixty participants (21 women, 22.63 ± 4.62 years old) wore a hip accelerometer for 7 consecutive days to estimate their physical activity and sedentarism. Oxidative stress (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione, malondialdehyde, and advanced oxidation protein products) and inflammatory (tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6) markers were measured. Student t-tests and single linear regressions were applied. The women presented higher catalase activity and glutathione concentrations, and lower levels of advanced protein-oxidation products, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-6 than the men (p < 0.05). In the men, longer sedentary time was associated with lower catalase activity (β = −0.315, p = 0.04), and longer sedentary breaks and higher physical-activity expenditures were associated with malondialdehyde (β = −0.308, p = 0.04). Vigorous physical activity was related to inflammatory markers in the women (tumour necrosis factor-alpha, β = 0.437, p = 0.02) and men (interleukin−6, β = 0.528, p < 0.01). In conclusion, the women presented a better redox and inflammatory status than the men; however, oxidative-stress markers were associated with physical activity and sedentary behaviours only in the men. In light of this, women could have better protection against the deleterious effect of sedentarism but a worse adaptation to daily physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Corral-Pérez
- ExPhy Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11519 Cadiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Martin Alcala
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, 28003 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Velázquez-Díaz
- ExPhy Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11519 Cadiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
- Advent Health Research Institute, Neuroscience Institute, Orlando, FL 32803, USA
| | - Alejandro Perez-Bey
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11519 Cadiz, Spain
| | - María Á. Vázquez-Sánchez
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, PASOS Research Group and UMA REDIAS Network of Law and Artificial Intelligence applied to Health and Biotechnology, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Maria Calderon-Dominguez
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
- Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health Department, University of Cadiz, 11002 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Cristina Casals
- ExPhy Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11519 Cadiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Jesús G. Ponce-González
- ExPhy Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11519 Cadiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
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17
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Ferlito JV, Rolnick N, Ferlito MV, De Marchi T, Deminice R, Salvador M. Acute effect of low-load resistance exercise with blood flow restriction on oxidative stress biomarkers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283237. [PMID: 37083560 PMCID: PMC10121002 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this review was to analyze the acute effects of low-load resistance exercise with blood flow restriction (LLE-BFR) on oxidative stress markers in healthy individuals in comparison with LLE or high-load resistance exercise (HLRE) without BFR. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic review was performed in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. These searches were performed in CENTRAL, SPORTDiscus, EMBASE, PubMed, CINAHL and Virtual Health Library- VHL, which includes Lilacs, Medline and SciELO. The risk of bias and quality of evidence were assessed through the PEDro scale and GRADE system, respectively. RESULTS Thirteen randomized clinical trials were included in this review (total n = 158 subjects). Results showed lower post-exercise damage to lipids (SMD = -0.95 CI 95%: -1.49 to -0. 40, I2 = 0%, p = 0.0007), proteins (SMD = -1.39 CI 95%: -2.11 to -0.68, I2 = 51%, p = 0.0001) and redox imbalance (SMD = -0.96 CI 95%: -1.65 to -0.28, I2 = 0%, p = 0.006) in favor of LLRE-BFR compared to HLRE. HLRE presents higher post-exercise superoxide dismutase activity but in the other biomarkers and time points, no significant differences between conditions were observed. For LLRE-BFR and LLRE, we found no difference between the comparisons performed at any time point. CONCLUSIONS Based on the available evidence from randomized trials, providing very low or low certainty of evidence, this review demonstrates that LLRE-BFR promotes less oxidative stress when compared to HLRE but no difference in levels of oxidative damage biomarkers and endogenous antioxidants between LLRE. TRIAL REGISTRATION Register number: PROSPERO number: CRD42020183204.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Vitor Ferlito
- Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, University of Caxias Do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Nicholas Rolnick
- The Human Performance Mechanic, Lehman College, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Marcos Vinicius Ferlito
- Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, University of Caxias Do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Thiago De Marchi
- Laboratory of Phototherapy and Innovative Technologies in Health (LaPIT), Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Deminice
- Department of Physical Education, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Mirian Salvador
- Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, University of Caxias Do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
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Dietary Thymoquinone Alone or Combined with Swimming Exercise Protect against Microcystin-LR-Induced Oxidative Injury in Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 2023:5643861. [PMID: 36874614 PMCID: PMC9977520 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5643861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-leucine-arginine (MCLR) is the most abundant cyanotoxin produced by cyanobacteria. It induces potent cytotoxicity through oxidative stress and DNA damage. Thymoquinone (TQ) is a natural nutraceutical antioxidant derived from black cumin (Nigella sativa). Physical exercise (EX) improves whole-body metabolic homeostasis. Therefore, this study examined the protective role of swimming exercise and TQ against MC-induced toxicity in mice. Fifty-six healthy adult male albino mice (25-30 g) were randomized into seven groups; group (I) was the negative control and received oral physiological saline for 21 days; group (II) received water EX for 30 min daily; group (III) was intraperitoneally injected with TQ (5 mg/kg daily, for 21 days); group (IV) was intraperitoneally administered MC (10 μg/kg daily, for 14 days) and acted as the positive toxic control; group (V) was treated with MC and water EX; group (VI) was injected with MC and TQ; finally, group (VII) was treated with MC with TQ and water EX. In comparison with the control group, the results showed hepatic, renal, and cardiac toxicity in the MCLR-treated group, indicated by a significant increase (p < 0.05) in serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transferase (ALT), cholesterol, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB), urea, creatinine, interleukin-6, interleukin -1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α levels. In addition, there were significant elevations (p < 0.05) in malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels and a significant decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in hepatic, cardiac, and renal tissues. Treatment with either TQ or water EX significantly improved (p < 0.05) the MC-induced toxicity with superiority of the TQ group in the restoration of normal ranges; however, cotreatment with both TQ and swimming EX showed the most improvement and restoration to normal ranges as a result of increasing EX clinical efficacy by TQ.
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Bojarczuk A, Dzitkowska-Zabielska M. Polyphenol Supplementation and Antioxidant Status in Athletes: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010158. [PMID: 36615815 PMCID: PMC9823453 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Antioxidants in sports exercise training remain a debated research topic. Plant-derived polyphenol supplements are frequently used by athletes to reduce the negative effects of exercise-induced oxidative stress, accelerate the recovery of muscular function, and enhance performance. These processes can be efficiently modulated by antioxidant supplementation. The existing literature has failed to provide unequivocal evidence that dietary polyphenols should be promoted specifically among athletes. This narrative review summarizes the current knowledge regarding polyphenols' bioavailability, their role in exercise-induced oxidative stress, antioxidant status, and supplementation strategies in athletes. Overall, we draw attention to the paucity of available evidence suggesting that most antioxidant substances are beneficial to athletes. Additional research is necessary to reveal more fully their impact on exercise-induced oxidative stress and athletes' antioxidant status, as well as optimal dosing methods.
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Calella P, Cerullo G, Di Dio M, Liguori F, Di Onofrio V, Gallè F, Liguori G. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of spirulina in exercise and sport: A systematic review. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1048258. [PMID: 36590230 PMCID: PMC9795056 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1048258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Arthrospira platensis, also known as spirulina, is currently one of the most well-known algae supplements, mainly due to its high content of bioactive compounds that may promote human health. Some authors have hypothesized that spirulina consumption could protect subjects from exercise-induced oxidative stress, accelerate recovery by reducing muscle damage, and stimulate the immune system. Based on this, the main goal of this review was to critically analyze the effects of spirulina on oxidative stress, immune system, inflammation and performance in athletes and people undergoing exercise interventions. Of the 981 articles found, 428 studies were considered eligible and 13 met the established criteria and were included in this systematic review. Most recently spirulina supplementation has demonstrated ergogenic potential during submaximal exercise, increasing oxygen uptake and improving exercise tolerance. Nevertheless, spirulina supplementation does not seem to enhance physical performance in power athletes. Considering that data supporting benefits to the immune system from spirulina supplementation is still lacking, overall evidence regarding the benefit of spirulina supplementation in healthy people engaged in physical exercise is scarce and not consistent. Currently, spirulina supplementation might be considered in athletes who do not meet the recommended dietary intake of antioxidants. Further high-quality research is needed to evaluate the effects of spirulina consumption on performance, the immune system and recovery in athletes and active people. Systematic review registration [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=262896], identifier [CRD42021262896].
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Calella
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cerullo
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, Italy,*Correspondence: Giuseppe Cerullo,
| | - Mirella Di Dio
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Liguori
- Department of Economics and Legal Studies, University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Di Onofrio
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Gallè
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, Italy
| | - Giorgio Liguori
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, Italy
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Vargas-Mendoza N, Morales-González Á, Madrigal-Santillán EO, Angeles-Valencia M, Anguiano-Robledo L, González-López LL, Sosa-Gómez A, Fregoso-Aguilar T, Esquivel-Chirino C, Ruiz-Velazco-Benítez YA, Morales-González JA. Phytochemicals and modulation of exercise-induced oxidative stress: a novel overview of antioxidants. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:8292-8314. [PMID: 36505319 PMCID: PMC9730074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The practice of physical exercise induces a series of physiological changes in the body at different levels, either acutely or chronically. During exercise, the increase in oxygen consumption promotes the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), which are necessary to maintain homeostasis. ROS/RNS activate cellular signaling pathways, such as the antioxidant cytoprotective systems, inflammation, and cell proliferation, which are crucial for cell survival. However, in exhaustive-extended physical exercise, workloads can exceed the endogenous antioxidant defenses, which may be related to impairment of muscle contraction, fatigue, and a decrease in athletic performance. This review addresses the role of some antioxidants from plant-derived extracts called phytochemicals that can mediate the response to oxidative stress induced by physical exercise by activating signaling pathways, such as Nrf2/Keap1/ARE, responsible for the endogenous antioxidant response and possibly having an impact on sports performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Vargas-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | | | | | - Marcelo Angeles-Valencia
- Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Liliana Anguiano-Robledo
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Laboratorio de Farmacología Molecular, Instituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Laura Ligia González-López
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias de la Salud Unidad Santo Tomas, Instituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Sosa-Gómez
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias de la Salud Unidad Santo Tomas, Instituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Tomás Fregoso-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Hormonas y Conducta, Departamento de Fisiología, ENCB Campus Zacatenco, Instituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Cesar Esquivel-Chirino
- Área de Básicas Médicas, División de Estudios Profesionales, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | | | - José A Morales-González
- Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de Mexico, Mexico
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22
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Imperatrice M, Cuijpers I, Troost FJ, Sthijns MMJPE. Hesperidin Functions as an Ergogenic Aid by Increasing Endothelial Function and Decreasing Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation, Thereby Contributing to Improved Exercise Performance. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142955. [PMID: 35889917 PMCID: PMC9316530 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulation of blood flow to peripheral muscles is crucial for proper skeletal muscle functioning and exercise performance. During exercise, increased mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation leads to increased electron leakage and consequently induces an increase in ROS formation, contributing to DNA, lipid, and protein damage. Moreover, exercise may increase blood- and intramuscular inflammatory factors leading to a deterioration in endurance performance. The aim of this review is to investigate the potential mechanisms through which the polyphenol hesperidin could lead to enhanced exercise performance, namely improved endothelial function, reduced exercise-induced oxidative stress, and inflammation. We selected in vivo RCTs, animal studies, and in vitro studies in which hesperidin, its aglycone form hesperetin, hesperetin-metabolites, or orange juice are supplemented at any dosage and where the parameters related to endothelial function, oxidative stress, and/or inflammation have been measured. The results collected in this review show that hesperidin improves endothelial function (via increased NO availability), inhibits ROS production, decreases production and plasma levels of pro-inflammatory markers, and improves anaerobic exercise outcomes (e.g., power, speed, energy). For elite and recreational athletes, hesperidin could be used as an ergogenic aid to enhance muscle recovery between training sessions, optimize oxygen and nutrient supplies to the muscles, and improve anaerobic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Imperatrice
- BioActor BV, Gaetano Martinolaan 50, 6229 GS Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (M.I.); (I.C.)
| | - Iris Cuijpers
- Food Innovation and Health, Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (F.J.T.); (M.M.J.P.E.S.)
- Correspondence: (M.I.); (I.C.)
| | - Freddy J. Troost
- Food Innovation and Health, Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (F.J.T.); (M.M.J.P.E.S.)
| | - Mireille M. J. P. E. Sthijns
- Food Innovation and Health, Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (F.J.T.); (M.M.J.P.E.S.)
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23
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Ma K, Huang F, Qiao R, Miao L. Pathogenesis of sarcopenia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Front Physiol 2022; 13:850964. [PMID: 35928562 PMCID: PMC9343800 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.850964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common pulmonary disease characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow obstruction. In addition to lung diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is often associated with other organ diseases, and sarcopenia is one of the common diseases. In recent years, multiple factors have been proposed to influence muscle dysfunction in COPD patients, including systemic and local inflammation, oxidative stress, hypoxia, hypercapnia, protein synthesis, catabolic imbalance, nutritional changes, disuse, ageing, and the use of medications such as steroids. These factors alone or in combination can lead to a reduction in muscle mass and cross-sectional area, deterioration of muscle bioenergy metabolism, defects in muscle repair and regeneration mechanisms, apoptosis and other anatomical and/or functional pathological changes, resulting in a decrease in the muscle’s ability to work. This article reviews the research progress of possible pathogenesis of sarcopenia in COPD.
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24
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Powers SK, Schrager M. Redox signaling regulates skeletal muscle remodeling in response to exercise and prolonged inactivity. Redox Biol 2022; 54:102374. [PMID: 35738088 PMCID: PMC9233275 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle fibers are malleable and undergo rapid remodeling in response to increased contractile activity (i.e., exercise) or prolonged periods of muscle inactivity (e.g., prolonged bedrest). Exploration of the cell signaling pathways regulating these skeletal muscle adaptations reveal that redox signaling pathways play a key role in the control of muscle remodeling during both exercise and prolonged muscle inactivity. In this regard, muscular exercise results in an acute increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the contracting fibers; however, this contraction-induced rise in ROS production rapidly declines when contractions cease. In contrast, prolonged muscle disuse results in a chronic elevation in ROS production within the inactive fibers. This difference in the temporal pattern of ROS production in muscle during exercise and muscle inactivity stimulates divergent cell-signaling pathways that activate both genomic and nongenomic mechanisms to promote muscle remodeling. This review examines the role that redox signaling plays in skeletal muscle adaptation in response to both prolonged muscle inactivity and endurance exercise training. We begin with a summary of the sites of ROS production in muscle fibers followed by a review of the cellular antioxidants that are responsible for regulation of ROS levels in the cell. We then discuss the specific redox-sensitive signaling pathways that promote skeletal muscle adaptation in response to both prolonged muscle inactivity and exercise. To stimulate future research, we close with a discussion of unanswered questions in this exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott K Powers
- Department of Health Sciences, Stetson University, Deland, FL, 32723, USA.
| | - Matthew Schrager
- Department of Health Sciences, Stetson University, Deland, FL, 32723, USA
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25
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Oxidant and Antioxidant Parameters' Assessment Together with Homocysteine and Muscle Enzymes in Racehorses: Evaluation of Positive Effects of Exercise. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061176. [PMID: 35740073 PMCID: PMC9220350 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the changes in serum oxidant and antioxidant parameters together with the serum values of homocysteine (Hcy) and muscle enzymes including creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in regularly trained athletic horses during official races of 1200, 1600 and 2000 m. Thirty Thoroughbred horses were divided into three groups of 10 subjects each according to the race distance: Group 1, 1200 m race; Group 2, 1600 m race; Group 3, 2000 m race. Blood samples were collected from horses 1 week prior to the race (1WB), on the day of the race at rest (TREST), immediately after the race (TPOST), and after 30 (TPOST30) and 120 (TPOST120) minutes. Serum total proteins, reactive oxygen metabolites (dROMs), thiol antioxidant barrier (SHp), antioxidant barrier (Oxy-ads), Hcy, CK, AST and LDH values were assessed. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA did not show differences referable to the race distance (Group effect) on all investigated parameters (p > 0.05). An exercise effect on oxidative stress markers, Hcy and muscle enzymes herein investigated was found in all groups (p < 0.001). A Pearson’s test showed dROMs positively correlated with SHp, Oxy-ads and Hcy after exercise (p < 0.05). This study suggests that, though well-trained racing horses are subjected to oxidative stress during a race, a proper antioxidant capacity may improve their ability to cope with exercise-induced oxidative stress.
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26
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Noda Y, Okada S, Suzuki T. Regulation of A-to-I RNA editing and stop codon recoding to control selenoprotein expression during skeletal myogenesis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2503. [PMID: 35523818 PMCID: PMC9076623 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30181-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenoprotein N (SELENON), a selenocysteine (Sec)-containing protein with high reductive activity, maintains redox homeostasis, thereby contributing to skeletal muscle differentiation and function. Loss-of-function mutations in SELENON cause severe neuromuscular disorders. In the early-to-middle stage of myoblast differentiation, SELENON maintains redox homeostasis and modulates endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ concentration, resulting in a gradual reduction from the middle-to-late stages due to unknown mechanisms. The present study describes post-transcriptional mechanisms that regulate SELENON expression during myoblast differentiation. Part of an Alu element in the second intron of SELENON pre-mRNA is frequently exonized during splicing, resulting in an aberrant mRNA that is degraded by nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD). In the middle stage of myoblast differentiation, ADAR1-mediated A-to-I RNA editing occurs in the U1 snRNA binding site at 5' splice site, preventing Alu exonization and producing mature mRNA. In the middle-to-late stage of myoblast differentiation, the level of Sec-charged tRNASec decreases due to downregulation of essential recoding factors for Sec insertion, thereby generating a premature termination codon in SELENON mRNA, which is targeted by NMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Noda
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shunpei Okada
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enyacho, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
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27
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Ağaşcıoğlu E, Çolak R, Çakatay U. Redox status biomarkers in the fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus resulting from the hypoxic exercise. NAGOYA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE 2022; 84:433-447. [PMID: 35967949 PMCID: PMC9350571 DOI: 10.18999/nagjms.84.2.433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The fast-twitch muscle may be affected from over-produced reactive oxygen species (ROS) during hypoxia/hypoxic exercise. The study aims to investigate redox status biomarkers in the fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle after hypoxic exercise. Male Sprague Dawley rats (eight-week-old) were randomly divided into six groups of the experimental "live high train high (LHTH), live high train low (LHTL) and live low train low (LLTL)" and their respective controls. Before the EDLs' extraction, the animals exercised for a 4-week familiarization period, then they exercised for four-weeks at different altitudes. The LHTH group had higher ratios of lipid hydroperoxides (LHPs) than the experimental groups of LHTL (p=0.004) and LLTL (p=0.002), while having no difference than its control 'LH'. Similarly, a higher percentage of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) was determined in the LHTH than the LHTL (p=0.041) and LLTL (p=0.048). Furthermore, oxidation of thiol fractions was the lowest in the LHTH and LH. However, redox biomarkers and thiol fractions illustrated no significant change in the LHTL and LLTL that might ensure redox homeostasis due to higher oxygen consumption. The study shows that not hypoxic exercise/exercise, but hypoxia might itself lead to a redox imbalance in the fast-twitch EDL muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eda Ağaşcıoğlu
- Department of Recreation, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Lokman Hekim University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Rıdvan Çolak
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Ardahan University, Ardahan, Turkey
| | - Ufuk Çakatay
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
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28
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Jîtcă G, Ősz BE, Tero-Vescan A, Miklos AP, Rusz CM, Bătrînu MG, Vari CE. Positive Aspects of Oxidative Stress at Different Levels of the Human Body: A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030572. [PMID: 35326222 PMCID: PMC8944834 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is the subject of numerous studies, most of them focusing on the negative effects exerted at both molecular and cellular levels, ignoring the possible benefits of free radicals. More and more people admit to having heard of the term "oxidative stress", but few of them understand the meaning of it. We summarized and analyzed the published literature data in order to emphasize the importance and adaptation mechanisms of basal oxidative stress. This review aims to provide an overview of the mechanisms underlying the positive effects of oxidative stress, highlighting these effects, as well as the risks for the population consuming higher doses than the recommended daily intake of antioxidants. The biological dose-response curve in oxidative stress is unpredictable as reactive species are clearly responsible for cellular degradation, whereas antioxidant therapies can alleviate senescence by maintaining redox balance; nevertheless, excessive doses of the latter can modify the redox balance of the cell, leading to a negative outcome. It can be stated that the presence of oxidative status or oxidative stress is a physiological condition with well-defined roles, yet these have been insufficiently researched and explored. The involvement of reactive oxygen species in the pathophysiology of some associated diseases is well-known and the involvement of antioxidant therapies in the processes of senescence, apoptosis, autophagy, and the maintenance of cellular homeostasis cannot be denied. All data in this review support the idea that oxidative stress is an undesirable phenomenon in high and long-term concentrations, but regular exposure is consistent with the hormetic theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Jîtcă
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (G.J.); (C.E.V.)
| | - Bianca E. Ősz
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (G.J.); (C.E.V.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Amelia Tero-Vescan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (A.T.-V.); (A.P.M.)
| | - Amalia Pușcaș Miklos
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (A.T.-V.); (A.P.M.)
| | - Carmen-Maria Rusz
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, I.O.S.U.D, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (C.-M.R.); (M.-G.B.)
| | - Mădălina-Georgiana Bătrînu
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, I.O.S.U.D, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (C.-M.R.); (M.-G.B.)
| | - Camil E. Vari
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (G.J.); (C.E.V.)
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29
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Lavin KM, Coen PM, Baptista LC, Bell MB, Drummer D, Harper SA, Lixandrão ME, McAdam JS, O’Bryan SM, Ramos S, Roberts LM, Vega RB, Goodpaster BH, Bamman MM, Buford TW. State of Knowledge on Molecular Adaptations to Exercise in Humans: Historical Perspectives and Future Directions. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:3193-3279. [PMID: 35578962 PMCID: PMC9186317 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c200033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
For centuries, regular exercise has been acknowledged as a potent stimulus to promote, maintain, and restore healthy functioning of nearly every physiological system of the human body. With advancing understanding of the complexity of human physiology, continually evolving methodological possibilities, and an increasingly dire public health situation, the study of exercise as a preventative or therapeutic treatment has never been more interdisciplinary, or more impactful. During the early stages of the NIH Common Fund Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC) Initiative, the field is well-positioned to build substantially upon the existing understanding of the mechanisms underlying benefits associated with exercise. Thus, we present a comprehensive body of the knowledge detailing the current literature basis surrounding the molecular adaptations to exercise in humans to provide a view of the state of the field at this critical juncture, as well as a resource for scientists bringing external expertise to the field of exercise physiology. In reviewing current literature related to molecular and cellular processes underlying exercise-induced benefits and adaptations, we also draw attention to existing knowledge gaps warranting continued research effort. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:3193-3279, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaleen M. Lavin
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Center for Human Health, Resilience, and Performance, Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, Florida, USA
| | - Paul M. Coen
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Advent Health, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Liliana C. Baptista
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Margaret B. Bell
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Devin Drummer
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Sara A. Harper
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Manoel E. Lixandrão
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jeremy S. McAdam
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Samia M. O’Bryan
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Sofhia Ramos
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Advent Health, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Lisa M. Roberts
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Rick B. Vega
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Advent Health, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Bret H. Goodpaster
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Advent Health, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Marcas M. Bamman
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Center for Human Health, Resilience, and Performance, Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, Florida, USA
| | - Thomas W. Buford
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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30
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Gurney T, Spendiff O. Algae Supplementation for Exercise Performance: Current Perspectives and Future Directions for Spirulina and Chlorella. Front Nutr 2022; 9:865741. [PMID: 35321288 PMCID: PMC8937016 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.865741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional clinical trials have reported algae such as spirulina and chlorella to have the capability to improve cardiovascular risk factors, anemia, immune function, and arterial stiffness. With positive results being reported in clinical trials, researchers are investigating the potential for algae as an ergogenic aid for athletes. Initial studies found spirulina and chlorella supplementation to increase peak oxygen uptake and time to exhaustion, with the mechanistic focus on the antioxidant capabilities of both algae. However, a number of oxidative stress biomarkers reported in these studies are now considered to lack robustness and have consequently provided equivocal results. Considering the nutrient complexity and density of these commonly found edible algae, there is a need for research to widen the scope of investigation. Most recently algae supplementation has demonstrated ergogenic potential during submaximal and repeated sprint cycling, yet a confirmed primary mechanism behind these improvements is still unclear. In this paper we discuss current algae supplementation studies and purported effects on performance, critically examine the antioxidant and ergogenic differing perspectives, and outline future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Gurney
- *Correspondence: Tom Gurney, ; orcid.org/0000-0002-2490-2960
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31
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McClean C, Davison GW. Circadian Clocks, Redox Homeostasis, and Exercise: Time to Connect the Dots? Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020256. [PMID: 35204138 PMCID: PMC8868136 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Compelling research has documented how the circadian system is essential for the maintenance of several key biological processes including homeostasis, cardiovascular control, and glucose metabolism. Circadian clock disruptions, or losses of rhythmicity, have been implicated in the development of several diseases, premature ageing, and are regarded as health risks. Redox reactions involving reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) regulate several physiological functions such as cell signalling and the immune response. However, oxidative stress is associated with the pathological effects of RONS, resulting in a loss of cell signalling and damaging modifications to important molecules such as DNA. Direct connections have been established between circadian rhythms and oxidative stress on the basis that disruptions to circadian rhythms can affect redox biology, and vice versa, in a bi-directional relationship. For instance, the expression and activity of several key antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPx, and CAT) appear to follow circadian patterns. Consequently, the ability to unravel these interactions has opened an exciting area of redox biology. Exercise exerts numerous benefits to health and, as a potent environmental cue, has the capacity to adjust disrupted circadian systems. In fact, the response to a given exercise stimulus may also exhibit circadian variation. At the same time, the relationship between exercise, RONS, and oxidative stress has also been scrutinised, whereby it is clear that exercise-induced RONS can elicit both helpful and potentially harmful health effects that are dependent on the type, intensity, and duration of exercise. To date, it appears that the emerging interface between circadian rhythmicity and oxidative stress/redox metabolism has not been explored in relation to exercise. This review aims to summarise the evidence supporting the conceptual link between the circadian clock, oxidative stress/redox homeostasis, and exercise stimuli. We believe carefully designed investigations of this nexus are required, which could be harnessed to tackle theories concerned with, for example, the existence of an optimal time to exercise to accrue physiological benefits.
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32
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Antioxidant Activity of Valeriana fauriei Protects against Dexamethasone-Induced Muscle Atrophy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3645431. [PMID: 35069972 PMCID: PMC8769843 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3645431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is defined as wasting or loss of muscle. Although glucocorticoids (GCs) are well-known anti-inflammatory drugs, their long-term or high-dose use induces skeletal muscle atrophy. Valeriana fauriei (VF) is used to treat restlessness, anxiety, and sleep disorders; however, its effects on skeletal muscle health have not been investigated. This study investigated whether Valeriana fauriei could ameliorate muscle atrophy. We induced muscle atrophy in vitro and in vivo, by treatment with dexamethasone (DEX), a synthetic GC. In DEX-induced myotube atrophy, Valeriana fauriei treatment increased the fusion index and decreased the expression of muscle atrophic genes such as muscle atrophy F-box (MAFbx/Atrogin-1) and muscle RING-finger protein 1 (MuRF1). In DEX-treated mice with muscle atrophy, Valeriana fauriei supplementation increased the ability to exercise, muscle weight, and cross-sectional area, whereas it inhibited myosin heavy chain isoform transition and the expression of muscle atrophy biomarkers. Valeriana fauriei treatment led to via the downregulation of muscle atrophic genes via inhibition of GC receptor translocation. Valeriana fauriei was also found to act as a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger. Didrovaltrate (DI), an iridoid compound from Valeriana fauriei, was found to downregulate atrophic genes and decrease ROS in the DEX-induced myotube atrophy. Consolidated, our results indicate that Valeriana fauriei prevents DEX-induced muscle atrophy by inhibiting GC receptor translocation. Further, Valeriana fauriei acts as a ROS scavenger, and its functional compound is didrovaltrate. We suggest that Valeriana fauriei and its functional compound didrovaltrate possess therapeutic potentials against muscle atrophy.
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Jordan AC, Perry CGR, Cheng AJ. Promoting a pro-oxidant state in skeletal muscle: Potential dietary, environmental, and exercise interventions for enhancing endurance-training adaptations. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 176:189-202. [PMID: 34560246 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence now shows that supplemental antioxidants including vitamin C, vitamin E and N-Acetylcysteine consumption can suppress adaptations to endurance-type exercise by attenuating reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) formation within skeletal muscle. This emerging evidence points to the importance of pro-oxidation as an important stimulus for endurance-training adaptations, including mitochondrial biogenesis, endogenous antioxidant production, insulin signalling, angiogenesis and growth factor signaling. Although sustained oxidative distress is associated with many chronic diseases, athletes have, on average, elevated levels of certain endogenous antioxidants to maintain redox homeostasis. As a result, trained athletes may have a better capacity to buffer oxidants during and after exercise, resulting in a reduced oxidative eustress stimulus for adaptations. Thus, higher levels of RONS input and exercise-induced oxidative stress may benefit athletes in the pursuit of continuous endurance training redox adaptations. This review addresses why athletes should be looking to enhance exercise-induced oxidative stress and how it can be accomplished. Methods covered include high-intensity interval training, hyperthermia and heat stress, dietary antioxidant restriction and modified antioxidant timing, dietary antioxidants and polyphenols as adjuncts to exercise, and vitamin C as a pro-oxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam C Jordan
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, York University, M3J 1P3, Toronto, Canada
| | - Christopher G R Perry
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, York University, M3J 1P3, Toronto, Canada
| | - Arthur J Cheng
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, York University, M3J 1P3, Toronto, Canada.
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An Overview of Physical Exercise and Antioxidant Supplementation Influences on Skeletal Muscle Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101528. [PMID: 34679663 PMCID: PMC8532825 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the essential injuries caused by moderate to high-intensity and short-duration physical activities is the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), damaging various body tissues such as skeletal muscle (SM). However, ROS is easily controlled by antioxidant defense systems during low to moderate intensity and long-term exercises. In stressful situations, antioxidant supplements are recommended to prevent ROS damage. We examined the response of SM to ROS generation during exercise using an antioxidant supplement treatment strategy in this study. The findings of this review research are paradoxical due to variances in antioxidant supplements dose and duration, intensity, length, frequency, types of exercise activities, and, in general, the lack of a regular exercise and nutrition strategy. As such, further research in this area is still being felt.
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The Mediterranean dietary pattern for optimising health and performance in competitive athletes: a narrative review. Br J Nutr 2021; 128:1285-1298. [PMID: 34420536 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521003202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Nutrition plays a key role in training for, and competing in, competitive sport, and is essential for reducing risk of injury and illness, recovering and adapting between bouts of activity, and enhancing performance. Consumption of a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) has been demonstrated to reduce risk of various non-communicable diseases and increase longevity. Following the key principles of a MedDiet could also represent a useful framework for good nutrition in competitive athletes under most circumstances, with potential benefits for health and performance parameters. In this review, we discuss the potential effects of a MedDiet, or individual foods and compounds readily available in this dietary pattern, on oxidative stress and inflammation, injury and illness risk, vascular and cognitive function, and exercise performance in competitive athletes. We also highlight potential modifications which could be made to the MedDiet (whilst otherwise adhering to the key principles of this dietary pattern) in accordance with contemporary sports nutrition practices, to maximise health and performance effects. In addition, we discuss potential directions for future research.
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Corr LD, Field A, Pufal D, Clifford T, Harper LD, Naughton RJ. The effects of cocoa flavanols on indices of muscle recovery and exercise performance: a narrative review. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2021; 13:90. [PMID: 34391456 PMCID: PMC8364049 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-021-00319-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) is associated with oxidative stress and inflammation, muscle soreness, and reductions in muscle function. Cocoa flavanols (CF) are (poly)phenols with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and thus may attenuate symptoms of EIMD. The purpose of this narrative review was to collate and evaluate the current literature investigating the effect of CF supplementation on markers of exercise-induced oxidative stress and inflammation, as well as changes in muscle function, perceived soreness, and exercise performance. Acute and sub-chronic intake of CF reduces oxidative stress resulting from exercise. Evidence for the effect of CF on exercise-induced inflammation is lacking and the impact on muscle function, perceived soreness and exercise performance is inconsistent across studies. Supplementation of CF may reduce exercise-induced oxidative stress, with potential for delaying fatigue, but more evidence is required for any definitive conclusions on the impact of CF on markers of EIMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam D Corr
- School of Human and Health Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Adam Field
- School of Human and Health Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Deborah Pufal
- School of Human and Health Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Tom Clifford
- School of Sport, Health, and Exercise Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Liam D Harper
- School of Human and Health Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Robert J Naughton
- School of Human and Health Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK.
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Di Fonso A, Pietrangelo L, D’Onofrio L, Michelucci A, Boncompagni S, Protasi F. Ageing Causes Ultrastructural Modification to Calcium Release Units and Mitochondria in Cardiomyocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8364. [PMID: 34445071 PMCID: PMC8395047 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing is associated with an increase in the incidence of heart failure, even if the existence of a real age-related cardiomyopathy remains controversial. Effective contraction and relaxation of cardiomyocytes depend on efficient production of ATP (handled by mitochondria) and on proper Ca2+ supply to myofibrils during excitation-contraction (EC) coupling (handled by Ca2+ release units, CRUs). Here, we analyzed mitochondria and CRUs in hearts of adult (4 months old) and aged (≥24 months old) mice. Analysis by confocal and electron microscopy (CM and EM, respectively) revealed an age-related loss of proper organization and disposition of both mitochondria and EC coupling units: (a) mitochondria are improperly disposed and often damaged (percentage of severely damaged mitochondria: adults 3.5 ± 1.1%; aged 16.5 ± 3.5%); (b) CRUs that are often misoriented (longitudinal) and/or misplaced from the correct position at the Z line. Immunolabeling with antibodies that mark either the SR or T-tubules indicates that in aged cardiomyocytes the sarcotubular system displays an extensive disarray. This disarray could be in part caused by the decreased expression of Cav-3 and JP-2 detected by western blot (WB), two proteins involved in formation of T-tubules and in docking SR to T-tubules in dyads. By WB analysis, we also detected increased levels of 3-NT in whole hearts homogenates of aged mice, a product of nitration of protein tyrosine residues, recognized as marker of oxidative stress. Finally, a detailed EM analysis of CRUs (formed by association of SR with T-tubules) points to ultrastructural modifications, i.e., a decrease in their frequency (adult: 5.1 ± 0.5; aged: 3.9 ± 0.4 n./50 μm2) and size (adult: 362 ± 40 nm; aged: 254 ± 60 nm). The changes in morphology and disposition of mitochondria and CRUs highlighted by our results may underlie an inefficient supply of Ca2+ ions and ATP to the contractile elements, and possibly contribute to cardiac dysfunction in ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Di Fonso
- CAST, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, University G. d’Annunzio (Ud’A) of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.D.F.); (A.M.); (S.B.); (F.P.)
- DMSI, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio (Ud’A) of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Laura Pietrangelo
- CAST, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, University G. d’Annunzio (Ud’A) of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.D.F.); (A.M.); (S.B.); (F.P.)
- DMSI, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio (Ud’A) of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Laura D’Onofrio
- IZSAM, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise G. Caporale of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy;
| | - Antonio Michelucci
- CAST, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, University G. d’Annunzio (Ud’A) of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.D.F.); (A.M.); (S.B.); (F.P.)
| | - Simona Boncompagni
- CAST, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, University G. d’Annunzio (Ud’A) of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.D.F.); (A.M.); (S.B.); (F.P.)
- DNICS, Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio (Ud’A) of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Feliciano Protasi
- CAST, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, University G. d’Annunzio (Ud’A) of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.D.F.); (A.M.); (S.B.); (F.P.)
- DMSI, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio (Ud’A) of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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Bussulo SKD, Ferraz CR, Carvalho TT, Verri WA, Borghi SM. Redox interactions of immune cells and muscle in the regulation of exercise-induced pain and analgesia: implications on the modulation of muscle nociceptor sensory neurons. Free Radic Res 2021; 55:757-775. [PMID: 34238089 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2021.1953696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The mechanistic interactions among redox status of leukocytes, muscle, and exercise in pain regulation are still poorly understood and limit targeted treatment. Exercise benefits are numerous, including the treatment of chronic pain. However, unaccustomed exercise may be reported as undesirable as it may contribute to pain. The aim of the present review is to evaluate the relationship between oxidative metabolism and acute exercise-induced pain, and as to whether improved antioxidant capacity underpins the analgesic effects of regular exercise. Preclinical and clinical studies addressing relevant topics on mechanisms by which exercise modulates the nociceptive activity and how redox status can outline pain and analgesia are discussed, in sense of translating into refined outcomes. Emerging evidence points to the role of oxidative stress-induced signaling in sensitizing nociceptor sensory neurons. In response to acute exercise, there is an increase in oxidative metabolism, and consequently, pain. Instead, regular exercise can modulate redox status in favor of antioxidant capacity and repair mechanisms, which have consequently increased resistance to oxidative stress, damage, and pain. Data indicate that acute sessions of unaccustomed prolonged and/or intense exercise increase oxidative metabolism and regulate exercise-induced pain in the post-exercise recovery period. Further, evidence demonstrates regular exercise improves antioxidant status, indicating its therapeutic utility for chronic pain disorders. An improved comprehension of the role of redox status in exercise can provide helpful insights into immune-muscle communication during pain modulatory effects of exercise and support new therapeutic efforts and rationale for the promotion of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia K D Bussulo
- Center for Research in Health Sciences, University of Northern Paraná, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Camila R Ferraz
- Department of Pathology, Biological Sciences Center, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Thacyana T Carvalho
- Department of Pathology, Biological Sciences Center, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Waldiceu A Verri
- Department of Pathology, Biological Sciences Center, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Sergio M Borghi
- Center for Research in Health Sciences, University of Northern Paraná, Londrina, Brazil.,Department of Pathology, Biological Sciences Center, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
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Padilha CS, Figueiredo C, Minuzzi LG, Chimin P, Deminice R, Krüger K, Rosa-Neto JC, Lira FS. Immunometabolic responses according to physical fitness status and lifelong exercise during aging: New roads for exercise immunology. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 68:101341. [PMID: 33839332 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Molecules such as cytokines, energetic substrates, and hormones found in the immune cell environment, especially lymphocytes and monocytes, are crucial for directing energy metabolism. In turn, changes in energy metabolism occur in a synchronized manner with the activation of certain signaling pathways, thereby this crosstalk is responsible for determining the functionality of immune cells. The immunometabolism field has grown over time and that is becoming increasingly promising in several populations; here we discuss the mechanisms involved in sedentary and physically active middle-aged individuals and master athletes. In this context, this review shows that the physical activity status and lifelong exercise seems to be good strategies for the promotion of metabolic and functional adaptations in T lymphocytes and monocytes, counteracting inflammatory environments caused by expanded adipose tissue and sedentary behavior, as well as delaying the immunosenescence caused by aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila S Padilha
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Caique Figueiredo
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciele Guerra Minuzzi
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia Chimin
- Laboratory of Biochemistry Exercise, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Rafael Deminice
- Laboratory of Biochemistry Exercise, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Karsten Krüger
- Institute of Sports Science, Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - José Cesar Rosa-Neto
- Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Cell Biology and Development, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio Santos Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
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McDermott MM, Dayanidhi S, Kosmac K, Saini S, Slysz J, Leeuwenburgh C, Hartnell L, Sufit R, Ferrucci L. Walking Exercise Therapy Effects on Lower Extremity Skeletal Muscle in Peripheral Artery Disease. Circ Res 2021; 128:1851-1867. [PMID: 34110902 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.318242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Walking exercise is the most effective noninvasive therapy that improves walking ability in peripheral artery disease (PAD). Biologic mechanisms by which exercise improves walking in PAD are unclear. This review summarizes evidence regarding effects of walking exercise on lower extremity skeletal muscle in PAD. In older people without PAD, aerobic exercise improves mitochondrial activity, muscle mass, capillary density, and insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle. However, walking exercise increases lower extremity ischemia in people with PAD, and therefore, mechanisms by which this exercise improves walking may differ between people with and without PAD. Compared with people without PAD, gastrocnemius muscle in people with PAD has greater mitochondrial impairment, increased reactive oxygen species, and increased fibrosis. In multiple small trials, walking exercise therapy did not consistently improve mitochondrial activity in people with PAD. In one 12-week randomized trial of people with PAD randomized to supervised exercise or control, supervised treadmill exercise increased treadmill walking time from 9.3 to 15.1 minutes, but simultaneously increased the proportion of angular muscle fibers, consistent with muscle denervation (from 7.6% to 15.6%), while angular myofibers did not change in the control group (from 9.1% to 9.1%). These findings suggest an adaptive response to exercise in PAD that includes denervation and reinnervation, an adaptive process observed in skeletal muscle of people without PAD during aging. Small studies have not shown significant effects of exercise on increased capillary density in lower extremity skeletal muscle of participants with PAD, and there are no data showing that exercise improves microcirculatory delivery of oxygen and nutrients in patients with PAD. However, the effects of supervised exercise on increased plasma nitrite abundance after a treadmill walking test in people with PAD may be associated with improved lower extremity skeletal muscle perfusion and may contribute to improved walking performance in response to exercise in people with PAD. Randomized trials with serial, comprehensive measures of muscle biology, and physiology are needed to clarify mechanisms by which walking exercise interventions improve mobility in PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary M McDermott
- Department of Medicine and Preventive Medicine (M.M.M., J.S.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Sudarshan Dayanidhi
- Shirley Ryan Ability Laboratory (S.D.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Kate Kosmac
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky (K.K.)
| | - Sunil Saini
- Jawaharlal Nehru University, School of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India (S.S.)
| | - Joshua Slysz
- Department of Medicine and Preventive Medicine (M.M.M., J.S.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | | | - Lisa Hartnell
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Aging (L.H., L.F.)
| | - Robert Sufit
- Department of Neurology (R.S.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Aging (L.H., L.F.)
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Quinn KM, Cox AJ, Roberts L, Pennell EN, McKeating DR, Fisher JJ, Perkins AV, Minahan C. Temporal changes in blood oxidative stress biomarkers across the menstrual cycle and with oral contraceptive use in active women. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 121:2607-2620. [PMID: 34106325 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04734-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the temporal changes in blood oxidative stress biomarkers in recreationally-trained women that were naturally-cycling (WomenNC) or using oral contraceptives (WomenOC) across one month. METHODS Blood samples were acquired at three timepoints of the menstrual cycle (1: early-follicular, 2: late-follicular and 3: mid-luteal) and oral contraceptive packet (1: InactiveOC, 2: Mid-activeOC and 3: Late-activeOC) for determination of estradiol, progesterone, oxidative stress, C-reactive protein (CRP) and other cardiometabolic biomarkers in plasma and serum. RESULTS There was a Group by Time effect on estradiol (p < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.64) and progesterone (p < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.77). Malondialdehyde, lipid hydroperoxides and CRP concentrations were higher in WomenOC during Late-activeOC compared to InactiveOC (+ 96%, + 23% and + 104%, respectively, p < 0.05). However, there were no changes in these biomarkers across the menstrual cycle in WomenNC (p > 0.05). At all timepoints (i.e., 1, 2 and 3), WomenOC had elevated lipid hydroperoxides (+ 28, + 48% and + 50%) and CRP (+ 71%, + 117% and + 130%) compared to WomenNC (p < 0.05, partial η2 > 0.25). There was no Group by Time effect on non-enzymatic antioxidants or glutathione peroxidase; however, glutathione peroxidase was lower in WomenOC, i.e., main effect of group (p < 0.05, partial η2 > 0.20). CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that WomenOC not only have higher oxidative stress and CRP than WomenNC, but also a transient increase across one month of habitual oral contraceptive use. Since changes in oxidative stress and CRP often relate to training stress and recovery, these outcomes may have implications to workload monitoring practices in female athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlee M Quinn
- Griffith Sports Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia.
- Sport Performance Innovation and Knowledge Excellence Unit, Queensland Academy of Sport, Brisbane, 4111, Australia.
| | - Amanda J Cox
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, 4222, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, 4222, Australia
| | - Llion Roberts
- Griffith Sports Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia
- Sport Performance Innovation and Knowledge Excellence Unit, Queensland Academy of Sport, Brisbane, 4111, Australia
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Evan N Pennell
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, 4222, Australia
| | - Daniel R McKeating
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, 4222, Australia
| | - Joshua J Fisher
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, 4222, Australia
| | - Anthony V Perkins
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, 4222, Australia
| | - Clare Minahan
- Griffith Sports Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia
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Shah Z, Shah I, Malik MO, Ullah I. Effect of short duration moderate intensity physical activity on glycemic control and antioxidant status of prediabetic population. Saudi Med J 2021; 42:660-665. [PMID: 34078729 PMCID: PMC9149709 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2021.42.6.20210019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the effect of moderate-intensity physical activity on glycemic control and antioxidant status in the prediabetic population. METHODS This experimental study was carried out in the Physiology Department, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan. A total of 50 adult prediabetic subjects having 22 females and 28 males with the age range of 18 to 35 years were included. Diagnosis of prediabetes was made by glycated hemoglobin falling in the range of 5.7-6.4%, and impaired fasting glucose (100-125 mg/dL). Anthropometric measurements and biochemical assays were carried out at pre and post-exercise intervention. The participants performed moderate exercise of 30 min with heart rate max 7% ± 5% for 5 days a week for 8 weeks, monitored with pedometer. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was carried out for individual and total antioxidants. RESULTS Anthropometric parameters showed a significant decrease at post-exercise analysis. Similar changes were observed for fasting glucose (p<0.001) and glycated hemoglobin (p<0.001). Slight increase in uric acid (p<0.005) and total antioxidant concentration (p<0.001) were found. However, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, vitamin C, and nitric oxide decreased (p<0.001). CONCLUSION Moderate physical activity for 8 weeks significantly reduced the individual antioxidant levels, nominal increase in total antioxidant capacity and uric acid, and there was an explicit decline in the anthropometric and diabetic profile of prediabetic population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubia Shah
- From the Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan.
| | - Inayat Shah
- From the Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad O. Malik
- From the Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan.
| | - Ihsan Ullah
- From the Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan.
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The Association Between Alterations in Redox Homeostasis, Cortisol, and Commonly Used Objective and Subjective Markers of Fatigue in American Collegiate Football. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2021; 16:1851-1857. [PMID: 34051699 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2020-0933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess associations between a free oxygen radical test (FORT), free oxygen radical defense test (FORD), oxidative stress index, urinary cortisol, countermovement jump (CMJ), and subjective wellness in American college football. METHODS Twenty-three male student athlete American college football players were assessed over 10 weeks: off-season conditioning (3 wk), preseason camp (4 wk), and in season (3 wk). Assessments included a once-weekly FORT and FORD blood sample, urinary cortisol sample, CMJ assessment including flight time, reactive strength index modified and concentric impulse, and a daily subjective wellness questionnaire. Linear mixed models analyzed the effect of a 2 within-subject SD change in the predictor variable on the dependent variable. The effects were interpreted using magnitude-based inference and are presented as standardized effect size (ES) ± 90% confidence intervals. RESULTS Small negative associations were observed between FORT-flight time, FORT-fatigue, FORT-soreness (ES range = -0.30 to -0.48), FORD-sleep (ES = 0.42 ± 0.29), and oxidative stress index soreness (ES = 0.56 ± 0.29). Small positive associations were observed between FORT-cortisol (ES = 0.36 ± 0.35), FORD-flight time, FORD reactive strength index modified and FORD-soreness (0.37-0.41), oxidative stress index concentric impulse (ES = 0.37 ± 0.28), and with soreness-concentric impulse, soreness-flight time, and soreness reactive strength index modified (0.33-0.59). Moderate positive associations were observed between cortisol-concentric impulse and cortisol-sleep (0.57-0.60). CONCLUSION FORT/FORD was associated with CMJ variables and subjective wellness. Greater amounts of subjective soreness were associated with decreased CMJ performance, increased FORT and cortisol, and decreased FORD.
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Effects of exercise on cellular and tissue aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:14522-14543. [PMID: 34001677 PMCID: PMC8202894 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The natural aging process is carried out by a progressive loss of homeostasis leading to a functional decline in cells and tissues. The accumulation of these changes stem from a multifactorial process on which both external (environmental and social) and internal (genetic and biological) risk factors contribute to the development of adult chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Strategies that can slow cellular aging include changes in diet, lifestyle and drugs that modulate intracellular signaling. Exercise is a promising lifestyle intervention that has shown antiaging effects by extending lifespan and healthspan through decreasing the nine hallmarks of aging and age-associated inflammation. Herein, we review the effects of exercise to attenuate aging from a clinical to a cellular level, listing its effects upon various tissues and systems as well as its capacity to reverse many of the hallmarks of aging. Additionally, we suggest AMPK as a central regulator of the cellular effects of exercise due to its integrative effects in different tissues. These concepts are especially relevant in the setting of T2D, where cellular aging is accelerated and exercise can counteract these effects through the reviewed antiaging mechanisms.
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Zeng Z, Centner C, Gollhofer A, König D. Effects of Dietary Strategies on Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress: A Narrative Review of Human Studies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040542. [PMID: 33807377 PMCID: PMC8066171 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Exhaustive exercise can induce excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which may enhance oxidative stress levels. Although physiological levels are crucial for optimal cell signaling and exercise adaptations, higher concentrations have been demonstrated to damage macromolecules and thus facilitate detrimental effects. Besides single dosages of antioxidants, whole diets rich in antioxidants are gaining more attention due to their practicality and multicomponent ingredients. The purpose of this narrative review is to summarize the current state of research on this topic and present recent advances regarding the antioxidant effects of whole dietary strategies on exercise-induced oxidative stress in humans. The following electronic databases were searched from inception to February 2021: PubMed, Scope and Web of Science. Twenty-eight studies were included in this narrative review and demonstrated the scavenging effects of exercise-induced ROS generation, oxidative stress markers, inflammatory markers and antioxidant capacity, with only one study not confirming such positive effects. Although the literature is still scarce about the effects of whole dietary strategies on exercise-induced oxidative stress, the majority of the studies demonstrated favorable effects. Nevertheless, the protocols are still very heterogeneous and further systematically designed studies are needed to strengthen the evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zeng
- Department of Sport and Sport Science, University of Freiburg, 79117 Freiburg, Germany; (C.C.); (A.G.)
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Christoph Centner
- Department of Sport and Sport Science, University of Freiburg, 79117 Freiburg, Germany; (C.C.); (A.G.)
- Praxisklinik Rennbahn, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Albert Gollhofer
- Department of Sport and Sport Science, University of Freiburg, 79117 Freiburg, Germany; (C.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Daniel König
- Centre of Sports Science, Department for Nutrition, Exercise and Health, University of Vienna, 1150 Vienna, Austria;
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department for Nutrition, Exercise and Health, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Effects of Resistance Training on the Redox Status of Skeletal Muscle in Older Adults. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030350. [PMID: 33652958 PMCID: PMC7996821 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of resistance training (RT) on the redox status of skeletal muscle in older adults. Thirteen males aged 64 ± 9 years performed full-body RT 2x/week for 6 weeks. Muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis prior to and following RT. The mRNA, protein, and enzymatic activity levels of various endogenous antioxidants were determined. In addition, skeletal muscle 4-hydroxynonenal and protein carbonyls were determined as markers of oxidative damage. Protein levels of heat shock proteins (HSPs) were also quantified. RT increased mRNA levels of all assayed antioxidant genes, albeit protein levels either did not change or decreased. RT increased total antioxidant capacity, catalase, and glutathione reductase activities, and decreased glutathione peroxidase activity. Lipid peroxidation also decreased and HSP60 protein increased following RT. In summary, 6 weeks of RT decreased oxidative damage and increased antioxidant enzyme activities. Our results suggest the older adult responses to RT involve multi-level (transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational) control of the redox status of skeletal muscle.
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Zhang ZY, Ren J, Chu F, Guan JX, Yang GY, Liu YT, Zhang XY, Ge SQ, Huang QY. Biochemical, molecular, and morphological variations of flight muscles before and after dispersal flight in a eusocial termite, Reticulitermes chinensis. INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 28:77-92. [PMID: 32039551 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Swarming behavior facilitates pair formation, and therefore mating, in many eusocial termites. However, the physiological adjustments and morphological transformations of the flight muscles involved in flying and flightless insect forms are still unclear. Here, we found that the dispersal flight of the eusocial termite Reticulitermes chinensis Snyder led to a gradual decrease in adenosine triphosphate supply from oxidative phosphorylation, as well as a reduction in the activities of critical mitochondrial respiratory enzymes from preflight to dealation. Correspondingly, using three-dimensional reconstruction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the flight muscles were found to be gradually deteriorated during this process. In particular, two tergo-pleural muscles (IItpm5 and III-tpm5) necessary to adjust the rotation of wings for wing shedding behavior were present only in flying alates. These findings suggest that flight muscle systems vary in function and morphology to facilitate the swarming flight procedure, which sheds light on the important role of swarming in successful extension and fecundity of eusocial termites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Yu Zhang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Ren
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Chu
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun-Xia Guan
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guang-Yu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Tong Liu
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin-Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Si-Qin Ge
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiu-Ying Huang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Elejalde E, Villarán MC, Alonso RM. Grape polyphenols supplementation for exercise-induced oxidative stress. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2021; 18:3. [PMID: 33413451 PMCID: PMC7789302 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-020-00395-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise induces free radicals’ overproduction and therefore, an enhancement of oxidative stress, defined as an imbalance between the production of reactive species and the intrinsic antioxidant defense. Redox activity of reactive species plays an important and a positive role on exercise adaptation, but these species at very high concentrations have detrimental effects. As a result, the use of antioxidant supplements for reducing oxidative stress can be an effective health strategy to maintain an optimal antioxidant status. In this sense, grapes are an important source of natural antioxidants due to their high content in polyphenols. They have shown antioxidant potential benefits for the reduction of intense exercise effect in athletes of different sport disciplines. Consequently, it is plausible to hypothesize that a strategic supplementation with grape based products may be a good approach to mitigate the exercise induced oxidative stress. The goal of this review is to present the state of the art of supplementation effects with grape beverages and grape extracts on the oxidative stress markers in athletes. The data of polyphenolic dosages, participant characteristics and exercise protocols are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edurne Elejalde
- TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Álava c/ Leonardo Da Vinci, 11, 01510 Miñano (Álava), Spain.
| | - Mari Carmen Villarán
- TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Álava c/ Leonardo Da Vinci, 11, 01510 Miñano (Álava), Spain
| | - Rosa María Alonso
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
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Fujita H, Mae K, Nagatani H, Horie M, Nagamori E. Effect of hydrogen peroxide concentration on the maintenance and differentiation of cultured skeletal muscle cells. J Biosci Bioeng 2021; 131:572-578. [PMID: 33422389 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2020.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the effects of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on the differentiation and maintenance of C2C12 myoblasts. The effects of H2O2 were evaluated by cell viability, total protein concentration, the relative amount of muscle-related proteins, sarcomere structure, and active tension generation. Oxidative stress is one of the major causes of myopathy after exercise and thus establishing the method to evaluate the effects on muscle function is essential. The primary function of striated muscle is to generate force, thus, the measurement of active tension is important in assessing the effect of chemicals on muscle. Among the indices we tested, the sarcomere structure was the most sensitive to the H2O2 exposure while the cell viability was less sensitive. The effects of H2O2 on active tension correlated with a decrease in the amount of muscle proteins. In this study, our results showed that the effect of chemicals on muscle should be measured in multiple ways, including active tension generation, for a better understanding of its physiological impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Fujita
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Keisuke Mae
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nagatani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Masanobu Horie
- Division of Biochemical Engineering, Radioisotope Research Center, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-Cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Eiji Nagamori
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan.
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Dogan A, Ilhan M, Battal A. Horse mushroom (Agaricus arvensis Schaeff.) prevents oxidative stress in carbon tetrachloride toxicity. Toxicology 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819092-0.00052-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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