1
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Chandrasekaran P, Weiskirchen S, Weiskirchen R. Perilipins: A family of five fat-droplet storing proteins that play a significant role in fat homeostasis. J Cell Biochem 2024; 125:e30579. [PMID: 38747370 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Lipid droplets are organelles with unique spherical structures. They consist of a hydrophobic neutral lipid core that varies depending on the cell type and tissue. These droplets are surrounded by phospholipid monolayers, along with heterogeneous proteins responsible for neutral lipid synthesis and metabolism. Additionally, there are specialized lipid droplet-associated surface proteins. Recent evidence suggests that proteins from the perilipin family (PLIN) are associated with the surface of lipid droplets and are involved in their formation. These proteins have specific roles in hepatic lipid droplet metabolism, such as protecting the lipid droplets from lipase action and maintaining a balance between lipid storage and utilization in specific cells. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is characterized by the accumulation of lipid droplets in more than 5% of the hepatocytes. This accumulation can progress into metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The accumulation of hepatic lipid droplets in the liver is associated with the progression of MASLD and other diseases such as sarcopenic obesity. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the role of perilipins in this accumulation, as these proteins are key targets for developing novel therapeutic strategies. This comprehensive review aims to summarize the structure and characteristics of PLIN proteins, as well as their pathogenic role in the development of hepatic steatosis and fatty liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabine Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH), University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH), University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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2
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Avelino TM, Provencio MGA, Peroni LA, Domingues RR, Torres FR, de Oliveira PSL, Leme AFP, Figueira ACM. Improving obesity research: Unveiling metabolic pathways through a 3D In vitro model of adipocytes using 3T3-L1 cells. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303612. [PMID: 38820505 PMCID: PMC11142712 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a burgeoning global health crisis, has tripled in prevalence over the past 45 years, necessitating innovative research methodologies. Adipocytes, which are responsible for energy storage, play a central role in obesity. However, most studies in this field rely on animal models or adipocyte monolayer cell cultures, which are limited in their ability to fully mimic the complex physiology of a living organism, or pose challenges in terms of cost, time consumption, and ethical considerations. These limitations prompt a shift towards alternative methodologies. In response, here we show a 3D in vitro model utilizing the 3T3-L1 cell line, aimed at faithfully replicating the metabolic intricacies of adipocytes in vivo. Using a workable cell line (3T3-L1), we produced adipocyte spheroids and differentiated them in presence and absence of TNF-α. Through a meticulous proteomic analysis, we compared the molecular profile of our adipose spheroids with that of adipose tissue from lean and obese C57BL/6J mice. This comparison demonstrated the model's efficacy in studying metabolic conditions, with TNF-α treated spheroids displaying a notable resemblance to obese white adipose tissue. Our findings underscore the model's simplicity, reproducibility, and cost-effectiveness, positioning it as a robust tool for authentically mimicking in vitro metabolic features of real adipose tissue. Notably, our model encapsulates key aspects of obesity, including insulin resistance and an obesity profile. This innovative approach has the potential to significantly impact the discovery of novel therapeutic interventions for metabolic syndrome and obesity. By providing a nuanced understanding of metabolic conditions, our 3D model stands as a transformative contribution to in vitro research, offering a pathway for the development of small molecules and biologics targeting these pervasive health issues in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thayna Mendonca Avelino
- National Laboratory of Bioscience (LNBio), National Center of Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology Science, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marta García-Arévalo Provencio
- National Laboratory of Bioscience (LNBio), National Center of Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Luis Antonio Peroni
- National Laboratory of Bioscience (LNBio), National Center of Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Romênia Ramos Domingues
- National Laboratory of Bioscience (LNBio), National Center of Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Felipe Rafael Torres
- National Laboratory of Bioscience (LNBio), National Center of Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sergio Lopes de Oliveira
- National Laboratory of Bioscience (LNBio), National Center of Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Adriana Franco Paes Leme
- National Laboratory of Bioscience (LNBio), National Center of Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Migliorini Figueira
- National Laboratory of Bioscience (LNBio), National Center of Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology Science, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
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3
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Chowdhury RR, Grosso MF, Gadara DC, Spáčil Z, Vidová V, Sovadinová I, Babica P. Cyanotoxin cylindrospermopsin disrupts lipid homeostasis and metabolism in a 3D in vitro model of the human liver. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 397:111046. [PMID: 38735451 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Cylindrospermopsin, a potent hepatotoxin produced by harmful cyanobacterial blooms, poses environmental and human health concerns. We used a 3D human liver in vitro model based on spheroids of HepG2 cells, in combination with molecular and biochemical assays, automated imaging, targeted LC-MS-based proteomics, and lipidomics, to explore cylindrospermopsin effects on lipid metabolism and the processes implicated in hepatic steatosis. Cylindrospermopsin (1 μM, 48 h) did not significantly affect cell viability but partially reduced albumin secretion. However, it increased neutral lipid accumulation in HepG2 spheroids while decreasing phospholipid levels. Simultaneously, cylindrospermopsin upregulated genes for lipogenesis regulation (SREBF1) and triacylglycerol synthesis (DGAT1/2) and downregulated genes for fatty acid synthesis (ACLY, ACCA, FASN, SCD1). Fatty acid uptake, oxidation, and lipid efflux genes were not significantly affected. Targeted proteomics revealed increased levels of perilipin 2 (adipophilin), a major hepatocyte lipid droplet-associated protein. Lipid profiling quantified 246 lipid species in the spheroids, with 28 significantly enriched and 15 downregulated by cylindrospermopsin. Upregulated species included neutral lipids, sphingolipids (e.g., ceramides and dihexosylceramides), and some glycerophospholipids (phosphatidylethanolamines, phosphatidylserines), while phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylinositols were mostly reduced. It suggests that cylindrospermopsin exposures might contribute to developing and progressing towards hepatic steatosis or metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Riju Roy Chowdhury
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marina Felipe Grosso
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Zdeněk Spáčil
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Vidová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Sovadinová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Babica
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, Czech Republic.
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4
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Griseti E, Bello AA, Bieth E, Sabbagh B, Iacovoni JS, Bigay J, Laurell H, Čopič A. Molecular mechanisms of perilipin protein function in lipid droplet metabolism. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:1170-1198. [PMID: 38140813 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Perilipins are abundant lipid droplet (LD) proteins present in all metazoans and also in Amoebozoa and fungi. Humans express five perilipins, which share a similar domain organization: an amino-terminal PAT domain and an 11-mer repeat region, which can fold into amphipathic helices that interact with LDs, followed by a structured carboxy-terminal domain. Variations of this organization that arose during vertebrate evolution allow for functional specialization between perilipins in relation to the metabolic needs of different tissues. We discuss how different features of perilipins influence their interaction with LDs and their cellular targeting. PLIN1 and PLIN5 play a direct role in lipolysis by regulating the recruitment of lipases to LDs and LD interaction with mitochondria. Other perilipins, particularly PLIN2, appear to protect LDs from lipolysis, but the molecular mechanism is not clear. PLIN4 stands out with its long repetitive region, whereas PLIN3 is most widely expressed and is used as a nascent LD marker. Finally, we discuss the genetic variability in perilipins in connection with metabolic disease, prominent for PLIN1 and PLIN4, underlying the importance of understanding the molecular function of perilipins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Griseti
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires - I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), France
| | - Abdoul Akim Bello
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire - IPMC, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Valbonne, France
| | - Eric Bieth
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires - I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), France
- Departement de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, France
| | - Bayane Sabbagh
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier - CRBM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, France
| | - Jason S Iacovoni
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires - I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), France
| | - Joëlle Bigay
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire - IPMC, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Valbonne, France
| | - Henrik Laurell
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires - I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), France
| | - Alenka Čopič
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier - CRBM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, France
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Ichikawa A, Miki D, Hayes CN, Teraoka Y, Nakahara H, Tateno C, Ishida Y, Chayama K, Oka S. Multi-omics analysis of a fatty liver model using human hepatocyte chimeric mice. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3362. [PMID: 38336825 PMCID: PMC10858249 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53890-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
We developed a fatty liver mouse model using human hepatocyte chimeric mice. As transplanted human hepatocytes do not respond to mouse growth hormone (GH) and tend to accumulate fat, we hypothesized that addition of human GH would alter lipid metabolism and reduce accumulation of fat in the liver even when fed a high-fat diet. Six uPA/SCID chimeric mice were fed a high-fat GAN diet to induce fatty liver while six were fed a normal CRF1 diet, and GH was administered to three mice in each group. The mice were euthanized at 8 weeks, and human hepatocytes were extracted for RNA-Seq, DIA proteomics, and metabolomics analysis. Abdominal echocardiography revealed that the degree of fatty liver increased significantly in mice fed GAN diet (p < 0.001) and decreased significantly in mice treated with GH (p = 0.026). Weighted gene correlation network analysis identified IGF1 and SEMA7A as eigengenes. Administration of GH significantly reduced triglyceride levels and was strongly associated with metabolism of amino acids. MiBiOmics analysis identified perilipin-2 as a co-inertia driver. Results from multi-omics analysis revealed distinct gene expression and protein/metabolite profiles in each treatment group when mice were fed a high-fat or normal diet with or without administration of GH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akemi Ichikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
- Pfizer, Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daiki Miki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - C Nelson Hayes
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.
| | - Yuji Teraoka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Hikaru Nakahara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | | | - Yuji Ishida
- PhoenixBio Co., Ltd., Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Chayama
- Collaborative Research Laboratory of Medical Innovation, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shiro Oka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
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6
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Kulik U, Moesta C, Spanel R, Borlak J. Dysfunctional Cori and Krebs cycle and inhibition of lactate transporters constitute a mechanism of primary nonfunction of fatty liver allografts. Transl Res 2024; 264:33-65. [PMID: 37722450 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2023.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is a lifesaving procedure. However, grafts may fail due to primary nonfunction (PNF). In the past, we demonstrated PNFs to be mainly associated with fatty allografts, and given its unpredictable nature, the development of a disease model is urgently needed. In an effort to investigate mechanism of fatty allograft-associated PNFs, we induced fatty liver disease in donor animals by feeding rats a diet deficient in methionine and choline (MCD). We performed OLT with allografts of different grades of hepatic steatosis and compared the results to healthy ones. We assessed liver function by considering serum biochemistries, and investigated genome wide responses following OLT of healthy and fatty allograft-associated PNFs. Furthermore, we performed immunohistochemistry to evaluate markers of oxidative stress and reperfusion injury, inflammation, glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, lactate transport, and its utilization as part of the Cori cycle. Strikingly, PNFs are strictly lipid content dependent. Nonetheless, a fat content of ≤17% and an increase in the size of hepatocytes of ≤11% (ballooning) greatly improved outcome of OLTs and the hepatic microcirculation. Mechanistically, PNFs arise from a dysfunctional Cori cycle with complete ablation of the lactate transporter SLC16A1. Thus, lipid-laden hepatocytes fail to perform gluconeogenesis via lactate reutilization, and the resultant hyperlactatemia and lactic acidosis causes cardiac arrhythmogenicity and death. Furthermore, the genomic and immunohistochemistry investigations underscore a dysfunctional Krebs cycle with impaired energy metabolism in lipid-burdened mitochondria. Together, we show fatty allografts to be highly vulnerable towards ischemia/reperfusion-injury, and stabilizing the Cori cycle is of critical importance to avert PNFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Kulik
- Department of General, Visceral- and Transplantation Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Caroline Moesta
- Centre for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Reinhard Spanel
- Centre for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jürgen Borlak
- Centre for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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Tzur Y, Winek K, Madrer N, Dubnov S, Bennett ER, Greenberg DS, Hanin G, Gammal A, Tam J, Arkin IT, Paldor I, Soreq H. Lysine tRNA fragments and miR-194-5p co-regulate hepatic steatosis via β-Klotho and perilipin 2. Mol Metab 2024; 79:101856. [PMID: 38141848 PMCID: PMC10805669 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) involves hepatic accumulation of intracellular lipid droplets via incompletely understood processes. Here, we report distinct and cooperative NAFLD roles of LysTTT-5'tRF transfer RNA fragments and microRNA miR-194-5p. METHODS Combined use of diet induced obese mice with human-derived oleic acid-exposed Hep G2 cells revealed new NAFLD roles of LysTTT-5'tRF and miR-194-5p. RESULTS Unlike lean animals, dietary-induced NAFLD mice showed concurrent hepatic decrease of both LysTTT-5'tRF and miR-194-5p levels, which were restored following miR-132 antisense oligonucleotide treatment which suppresses hepatic steatosis. Moreover, exposing human-derived Hep G2 cells to oleic acid for 7 days co-suppressed miR-194-5p and LysTTT-5'tRF levels while increasing lipid accumulation. Inversely, transfecting fattened cells with a synthetic LysTTT-5'tRF mimic elevated mRNA levels of the metabolic regulator β-Klotho while decreasing triglyceride amounts by 30% within 24 h. In contradistinction, antisense suppression of miR-194-5p induced accumulation of its novel target, the NAFLD-implicated lipid droplet-coating PLIN2 protein. Further, two out of 15 steatosis-alleviating screened drug-repurposing compounds, Danazol and Latanoprost, elevated miR-194-5p or LysTTT-5'tRF levels. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the different yet complementary roles of miR-194-5p and LysTTT-5'tRF and offer new insights into the complex roles of small non-coding RNAs and the multiple pathways involved in NAFLD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonat Tzur
- The Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Katarzyna Winek
- The Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem, Israel; The Edmond and Lily Safra Center of Brain Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nimrod Madrer
- The Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Serafima Dubnov
- The Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem, Israel; The Edmond and Lily Safra Center of Brain Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Estelle R Bennett
- The Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - David S Greenberg
- The Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Geula Hanin
- The Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Asaad Gammal
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Joseph Tam
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Isaiah T Arkin
- The Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Iddo Paldor
- Shaare Zedek Medical Center, The Neurosurgery Department, Main Building, 10th Floor, 12 Shmu'el Bait Street, Jerusalem, 9103102 Israel
| | - Hermona Soreq
- The Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem, Israel; The Edmond and Lily Safra Center of Brain Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem, Israel.
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8
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Makiyama T, Obama T, Watanabe Y, Chatani M, Azetsu Y, Kawaguchi K, Imanaka T, Itabe H. Behavior of intracellular lipid droplets during cell division in HuH7 hepatoma cells. Exp Cell Res 2023; 433:113855. [PMID: 37995922 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular lipid droplets (LDs) are ubiquitous organelles found in many cell types. During mitosis, membranous organelles, including mitochondria, are divided into small pieces and transferred to daughter cells; however, the process of LD transfer to daughter cells is not fully elucidated. Herein, we investigated the behavior of LDs during mitosis in HuH7 human hepatoma cells. While fragments of the Golgi apparatus were scattered in the cytosol during mitosis, intracellular LDs retained their size and spherical morphology as they translocated to the two daughter cells. LDs were initially distributed throughout the cell during prophase but positioned outside the spindle in metaphase, aligning at the far sides of the centrioles. A similar distribution of LDs during mitosis was observed in another hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells. When the spindle was disrupted by nocodazole treatment or never in mitosis gene A-related kinase 2A knockdown, LDs were localized in the area outside the chromosomes, suggesting that spindle formation is not necessary for LD localization at metaphase. The amount of major LD protein perilipin 2 reduced while LDs were enriched in perilipin 3 during mitosis, indicating the potential alteration of LD protein composition. Conclusively, the behavior of LDs during mitosis is distinct from that of other organelles in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Makiyama
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Showa University Graduate School of Pharmacy, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.
| | - Takashi Obama
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Showa University Graduate School of Pharmacy, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Yuichi Watanabe
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Showa University Graduate School of Pharmacy, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Masahiro Chatani
- Department of Pharmacology, Showa University School of Dentistry, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan; Pharmacological Research Center, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Yuki Azetsu
- Department of Pharmacology, Showa University School of Dentistry, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan; Pharmacological Research Center, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kawaguchi
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Imanaka
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University, 5-1-1 Hirokoshinkai, Kure City, Hiroshima, 737-0112, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Itabe
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Showa University Graduate School of Pharmacy, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
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9
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Tzouanas CN, Sherman MS, Shay JE, Rubin AJ, Mead BE, Dao TT, Butzlaff T, Mana MD, Kolb KE, Walesky C, Pepe-Mooney BJ, Smith CJ, Prakadan SM, Ramseier ML, Tong EY, Joung J, Chi F, McMahon-Skates T, Winston CL, Jeong WJ, Aney KJ, Chen E, Nissim S, Zhang F, Deshpande V, Lauer GM, Yilmaz ÖH, Goessling W, Shalek AK. Chronic metabolic stress drives developmental programs and loss of tissue functions in non-transformed liver that mirror tumor states and stratify survival. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.30.569407. [PMID: 38077056 PMCID: PMC10705501 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.30.569407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Under chronic stress, cells must balance competing demands between cellular survival and tissue function. In metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD, formerly NAFLD/NASH), hepatocytes cooperate with structural and immune cells to perform crucial metabolic, synthetic, and detoxification functions despite nutrient imbalances. While prior work has emphasized stress-induced drivers of cell death, the dynamic adaptations of surviving cells and their functional repercussions remain unclear. Namely, we do not know which pathways and programs define cellular responses, what regulatory factors mediate (mal)adaptations, and how this aberrant activity connects to tissue-scale dysfunction and long-term disease outcomes. Here, by applying longitudinal single-cell multi -omics to a mouse model of chronic metabolic stress and extending to human cohorts, we show that stress drives survival-linked tradeoffs and metabolic rewiring, manifesting as shifts towards development-associated states in non-transformed hepatocytes with accompanying decreases in their professional functionality. Diet-induced adaptations occur significantly prior to tumorigenesis but parallel tumorigenesis-induced phenotypes and predict worsened human cancer survival. Through the development of a multi -omic computational gene regulatory inference framework and human in vitro and mouse in vivo genetic perturbations, we validate transcriptional (RELB, SOX4) and metabolic (HMGCS2) mediators that co-regulate and couple the balance between developmental state and hepatocyte functional identity programming. Our work defines cellular features of liver adaptation to chronic stress as well as their links to long-term disease outcomes and cancer hallmarks, unifying diverse axes of cellular dysfunction around core causal mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantine N. Tzouanas
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Marc S. Sherman
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Jessica E.S. Shay
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Alcohol Liver Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Adam J. Rubin
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin E. Mead
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tyler T. Dao
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Titus Butzlaff
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Miyeko D. Mana
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Kellie E. Kolb
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Chad Walesky
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian J. Pepe-Mooney
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Colton J. Smith
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sanjay M. Prakadan
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michelle L. Ramseier
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Evelyn Y. Tong
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Julia Joung
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, MA, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Fangtao Chi
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Thomas McMahon-Skates
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carolyn L. Winston
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Woo-Jeong Jeong
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katherine J. Aney
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ethan Chen
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sahar Nissim
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Gastroenterology Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Feng Zhang
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, MA, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Vikram Deshpande
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Georg M. Lauer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ömer H. Yilmaz
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- These senior authors contributed equally
| | - Wolfram Goessling
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Developmental and Regenerative Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- These senior authors contributed equally
| | - Alex K. Shalek
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- These senior authors contributed equally
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10
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Doncheva AI, Li Y, Khanal P, Hjorth M, Kolset SO, Norheim FA, Kimmel AR, Dalen KT. Altered hepatic lipid droplet morphology and lipid metabolism in fasted Plin2-null mice. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100461. [PMID: 37844775 PMCID: PMC10716011 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Perilipin 2 (Plin2) binds to the surface of hepatic lipid droplets (LDs) with expression levels that correlate with triacylglyceride (TAG) content. We investigated if Plin2 is important for hepatic LD storage in fasted or high-fat diet-induced obese Plin2+/+ and Plin2-/- mice. Plin2-/- mice had comparable body weights, metabolic phenotype, glucose tolerance, and circulating TAG and total cholesterol levels compared with Plin2+/+ mice, regardless of the dietary regime. Both fasted and high-fat fed Plin2-/- mice stored reduced levels of hepatic TAG compared with Plin2+/+ mice. Fasted Plin2-/- mice stored fewer but larger hepatic LDs compared with Plin2+/+ mice. Detailed hepatic lipid analysis showed substantial reductions in accumulated TAG species in fasted Plin2-/- mice compared with Plin2+/+ mice, whereas cholesteryl esters and phosphatidylcholines were increased. RNA-Seq revealed minor differences in hepatic gene expression between fed Plin2+/+ and Plin2-/- mice, in contrast to marked differences in gene expression between fasted Plin2+/+ and Plin2-/- mice. Our findings demonstrate that Plin2 is required to regulate hepatic LD size and storage of neutral lipid species in the fasted state, while its role in obesity-induced steatosis is less clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanaska I Doncheva
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yuchuan Li
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Prabhat Khanal
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Steinkjer, Norway
| | - Marit Hjorth
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Svein O Kolset
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Frode A Norheim
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alan R Kimmel
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Knut Tomas Dalen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; The Norwegian Transgenic Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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11
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Roberts MA, Deol KK, Mathiowetz AJ, Lange M, Leto DE, Stevenson J, Hashemi SH, Morgens DW, Easter E, Heydari K, Nalls MA, Bassik MC, Kampmann M, Kopito RR, Faghri F, Olzmann JA. Parallel CRISPR-Cas9 screens identify mechanisms of PLIN2 and lipid droplet regulation. Dev Cell 2023; 58:1782-1800.e10. [PMID: 37494933 PMCID: PMC10530302 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Despite the key roles of perilipin-2 (PLIN2) in governing lipid droplet (LD) metabolism, the mechanisms that regulate PLIN2 levels remain incompletely understood. Here, we leverage a set of genome-edited human PLIN2 reporter cell lines in a series of CRISPR-Cas9 loss-of-function screens, identifying genetic modifiers that influence PLIN2 expression and post-translational stability under different metabolic conditions and in different cell types. These regulators include canonical genes that control lipid metabolism as well as genes involved in ubiquitination, transcription, and mitochondrial function. We further demonstrate a role for the E3 ligase MARCH6 in regulating triacylglycerol biosynthesis, thereby influencing LD abundance and PLIN2 stability. Finally, our CRISPR screens and several published screens provide the foundation for CRISPRlipid (http://crisprlipid.org), an online data commons for lipid-related functional genomics data. Our study identifies mechanisms of PLIN2 and LD regulation and provides an extensive resource for the exploration of LD biology and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Roberts
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Kirandeep K Deol
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Alyssa J Mathiowetz
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Mike Lange
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Dara E Leto
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Julian Stevenson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Sayed Hadi Hashemi
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61820, USA
| | - David W Morgens
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Emilee Easter
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Kartoosh Heydari
- Cancer Research Laboratory FACS Core Facility, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Mike A Nalls
- Data Tecnica International, LLC, Washington, DC, USA; Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael C Bassik
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Martin Kampmann
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ron R Kopito
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Faraz Faghri
- Data Tecnica International, LLC, Washington, DC, USA; Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - James A Olzmann
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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12
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Bombarda-Rocha V, Silva D, Badr-Eddine A, Nogueira P, Gonçalves J, Fresco P. Challenges in Pharmacological Intervention in Perilipins (PLINs) to Modulate Lipid Droplet Dynamics in Obesity and Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4013. [PMID: 37568828 PMCID: PMC10417315 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15154013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Perilipins (PLINs) are the most abundant proteins in lipid droplets (LD). These LD-associated proteins are responsible for upgrading LD from inert lipid storage structures to fully functional organelles, fundamentally integrated in the lipid metabolism. There are five distinct perilipins (PLIN1-5), each with specific expression patterns and metabolic activation, but all capable of regulating the activity of lipases on LD. This plurality creates a complex orchestrated mechanism that is directly related to the healthy balance between lipogenesis and lipolysis. Given the essential role of PLINs in the modulation of the lipid metabolism, these proteins can become interesting targets for the treatment of lipid-associated diseases. Since reprogrammed lipid metabolism is a recognized cancer hallmark, and obesity is a known risk factor for cancer and other comorbidities, the modulation of PLINs could either improve existing treatments or create new opportunities for the treatment of these diseases. Even though PLINs have not been, so far, directly considered for pharmacological interventions, there are many established drugs that can modulate PLINs activity. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the involvement of PLINs in diseases related to lipid metabolism dysregulation and whether PLINs can be viewed as potential therapeutic targets for cancer and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victória Bombarda-Rocha
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (V.B.-R.); (D.S.); (A.B.-E.); (P.N.); (P.F.)
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Dany Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (V.B.-R.); (D.S.); (A.B.-E.); (P.N.); (P.F.)
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Allal Badr-Eddine
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (V.B.-R.); (D.S.); (A.B.-E.); (P.N.); (P.F.)
| | - Patrícia Nogueira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (V.B.-R.); (D.S.); (A.B.-E.); (P.N.); (P.F.)
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (V.B.-R.); (D.S.); (A.B.-E.); (P.N.); (P.F.)
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Fresco
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (V.B.-R.); (D.S.); (A.B.-E.); (P.N.); (P.F.)
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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13
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Zhang Y, Li Y, Liu Y, Wang H, Chen Y, Zhang B, Song M, Song L, Ding Q, Qiu J, Fan M, Qu L, Wang Z. Alcoholic Setdb1 suppression promotes hepatosteatosis in mice by strengthening Plin2. Metabolism 2023:155656. [PMID: 37419179 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hepatosteatosis is one of the early features of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and pharmaceutical or genetic interfering of the development of hepatosteatosis will efficiently alleviate the progression of ALD. Currently, the role of histone methyltransferase Setdb1 in ALD is not yet well understood. METHOD Lieber-De Carli diet mice model and NIAAA mice model were constructed to confirm the expression of Setdb1. The hepatocyte-specific Setdb1-knockout (Setdb1-HKO) mice was established to determine the effects of Setdb1 in vivo. Adenovirus-Setdb1 were produced to rescue the hepatic steatosis in both Setdb1-HKO and Lieber-De Carli mice. The enrichment of H3k9me3 in the upstream sequence of Plin2 and the chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) of Plin2 were identified by ChIP and co-IP. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to detect the interaction of Setdb1 3'UTR and miR216b-5p in AML12 or HEK 293 T cells. RESULTS We found that Setdb1 was downregulated in the liver of alcohol-fed mice. Setdb1 knockdown promoted lipid accumulation in AML12 hepatocytes. Meanwhile, hepatocyte-specific Setdb1-knockout (Setdb1-HKO) mice exhibited significant lipid accumulation in the liver. Overexpression of Setdb1 was performed with an adenoviral vector through tail vein injection, which ameliorated hepatosteatosis in both Setdb1-HKO and alcoholic diet-fed mice. Mechanistically, downregulated Setdb1 promoted the mRNA expression of Plin2 by desuppressing H3K9me3-mediated chromatin silencing in its upstream sequence. Pin2 acts as a critical membrane surface-associated protein to maintain lipid droplet stability and inhibit lipase degradation. The downregulation of Setdb1 also maintained the stability of Plin2 protein through inhibiting Plin2-recruited chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA). To explore the reasons for Setdb1 suppression in ALD, we found that upregulated miR-216b-5p bound to the 3'UTR of Setdb1 mRNA, disturbed its mRNA stability, and eventually aggravated hepatic steatosis. CONCLUSIONS Setdb1 suppression plays an important role in the progression of alcoholic hepatosteatosis via elevating the expression of Plin2 mRNA and maintaining the stability of Plin2 protein. Targeting hepatic Setdb1 might be a promising diagnostic or therapeutic strategy for ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- College of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing Campus, Daqing, China; Departments of Laboratory Diagnosis, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Daqing, China
| | - Yanhui Li
- College of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing Campus, Daqing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, China
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- Departments of Laboratory Diagnosis, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Daqing, China
| | - Yingli Chen
- College of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing Campus, Daqing, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- College of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing Campus, Daqing, China
| | - Meiqi Song
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, China
| | - Lei Song
- Department of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Qinchao Ding
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiannan Qiu
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingjian Fan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, China
| | - Lihui Qu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- College of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing Campus, Daqing, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, China.
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14
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Baek JH, Kim MS, Jung HR, Hwang MS, Lee CH, Han DH, Lee YH, Yi EC, Im SS, Hwang I, Kim K, Chung JY, Chun KH. Ablation of the deubiquitinase USP15 ameliorates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Exp Mol Med 2023:10.1038/s12276-023-01036-7. [PMID: 37394587 PMCID: PMC10394025 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01036-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) occurs due to the accumulation of fat in the liver, leading to fatal liver diseases such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis. Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying NAFLD is critical for its prevention and therapy. Here, we observed that deubiquitinase USP15 expression was upregulated in the livers of mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and liver biopsies of patients with NAFLD or NASH. USP15 interacts with lipid-accumulating proteins such as FABPs and perilipins to reduce ubiquitination and increase their protein stability. Furthermore, the severity of NAFLD induced by an HFD and NASH induced by a fructose/palmitate/cholesterol/trans-fat (FPC) diet was significantly ameliorated in hepatocyte-specific USP15 knockout mice. Thus, our findings reveal an unrecognized function of USP15 in the lipid accumulation of livers, which exacerbates NAFLD to NASH by overriding nutrients and inducing inflammation. Therefore, targeting USP15 can be used in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD and NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hwan Baek
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myung Sup Kim
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye Ryeon Jung
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Convergence Science and Technology and College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Min-Seon Hwang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chan-Ho Lee
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dai Hoon Han
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong-Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Eugene C Yi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Convergence Science and Technology and College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Seung-Soon Im
- Department of Physiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, 42601, South Korea
| | - Ilseon Hwang
- Department of Pathology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Kyungeun Kim
- Department of Pathology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 03181, South Korea
| | - Joon-Yong Chung
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kyung-Hee Chun
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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15
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Lin X, Zhu X, Xin Y, Zhang P, Xiao Y, He T, Guo H. Intermittent Fasting Alleviates Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis by Regulating Bile Acid Metabolism and Promoting Fecal Bile Acid Excretion in High-Fat and High-Cholesterol Diet Fed Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2200595. [PMID: 37148502 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Intermittent fasting (IF) has a protective role across a wide range of chronic disorders, including obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, but its protection against non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is still lacking. This study seeks to investigate how IF alleviates NASH by regulating gut microbiota and bile acids (BAs) composition. METHODS AND RESULTS Male C57BL/6 mice are fed a high-fat and high-cholesterol (HFHC) diet for 16 weeks to establish a NASH model. Mice then continued HFHC feeding and are treated with or without every other day fasting for 10 weeks. Hepatic pathology is assessed using hematoxylin-eosin staining. Gut microbiota of the cecum are profiled using 16S rDNA gene sequencing and the levels of BAs in serum, colon contents, and feces are measured using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Results indicate that IF significantly decreases murine body weight, insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, ballooning, and lobular inflammation. IF reshapes the gut microbiota, reduces the accumulation of serum BAs, and increases total colonic and fecal BAs. Moreover, IF increases the expression of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase 1 in liver, but decreases the expressions of both farnesoid-X-receptor and fibroblast growth factor 15 in the ileum. CONCLUSION IF alleviates NASH by regulating bile acid metabolism and promoting fecal bile acid excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhuan Lin
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China
| | - Xuan Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China
| | - Yan Xin
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China
| | - Peiwen Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Yunjun Xiao
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Taiping He
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China
| | - Honghui Guo
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
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16
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Tryndyak VP, Willett RA, Nagumalli SK, Li D, Avigan MI, Beland FA, Rusyn I, Pogribny IP. Effect of an obesogenic high-fat and high-sucrose diet on hepatic gene expression signatures in male Collaborative Cross mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2023; 324:G232-G243. [PMID: 36625475 PMCID: PMC10191133 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00225.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most prevalent chronic liver disease, is characterized by substantial variations in case-level severity. In this study, we used a genetically diverse Collaborative Cross (CC) mouse population model to analyze the global transcriptome and clarify the molecular mechanisms involved in hepatic fat accumulation that determine the level and severity of NAFLD. Twenty-four strains of male CC mice were maintained on a high-fat/high-sucrose (HF/HS) diet for 12 wk, and their hepatic gene expression profiles were determined by next-generation RNA sequencing. We found that the development of the nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) phenotype in CC mice coincided with significant changes in the expression of hepatic genes at the population level, evidenced by the presence of 724 differentially expressed genes involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, cell morphology, vitamin and mineral metabolism, energy production, and DNA replication, recombination, and repair. Importantly, expression of 68 of these genes strongly correlated with the extent of hepatic lipid accumulation in the overall population of HF/HS diet-fed male CC mice. Results of partial least squares (PLS) modeling showed that these derived hepatic gene expression signatures help to identify the individual mouse strains that are highly susceptible to the development of NAFLD induced by an HF/HS diet. These findings imply that gene expression profiling, combined with a PLS modeling approach, may be a useful tool to predict NAFLD severity in genetically diverse patient populations.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Feeding male Collaborative Cross mice an obesogenic diet allows modeling NAFLD at the population level. The development of NAFLD coincided with significant hepatic transcriptomic changes in this model. Genes (724) were differentially expressed and expression of 68 genes strongly correlated with the extent of hepatic lipid accumulation. Partial least squares modeling showed that derived hepatic gene expression signatures may help to identify individual mouse strains that are highly susceptible to the development of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr P Tryndyak
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, Food and Drug Administration-National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas
| | - Rose A Willett
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, Food and Drug Administration-National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas
| | - Suresh K Nagumalli
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, Food and Drug Administration-National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas
| | - Dan Li
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Food and Drug Agency-National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas
| | - Mark I Avigan
- Office of Pharmacovigilance and Epidemiology, Food and Drug Administration-Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Frederick A Beland
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, Food and Drug Administration-National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Igor P Pogribny
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, Food and Drug Administration-National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas
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17
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Li FZ, Fang S. Adipophilin: roles in physiology and pathology. J Clin Pathol 2023; 76:98-102. [PMID: 36600632 DOI: 10.1136/jcp-2022-208677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adipophilin (ADRP/ADPH/PLIN2), an adipocyte differentiation-related protein, is highly expressed at a very early time during the differentiation of adipocytes. It assists in the formation and maintenance of intracellular lipid droplets and plays a role in regulating the physiological functions of the body. More and more studies indicate that it is involved in the occurrence and development of a variety of glycolipid metabolic diseases and tumours. In this review, we comprehensively stated the expression and functions of adipophilin and introduced its roles in physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Zeng Li
- Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sheng Fang
- Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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18
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Ashour H, Rashed LA, Hassanein RTM, Aboulhoda BE, Ebrahim HA, Elsayed MH, Elkordy MA, Abdelwahed OM. Thymoquinone and quercetin protect against hepatic steatosis in association with SIRT1/AMPK stimulation and regulation of autophagy, perilipin-2, and cytosolic lipases. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023; 129:268-281. [PMID: 36264662 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2022.2134423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We sought to investigate thymoquinone (TQ)/quercetin combination in preventing hepatic steatosis (HS). MATERIALS AND METHODS The included rat groups; (1) Control, (2) HS model, (3) HS treated with TQ 10 mg.kg-1.d-1, (4) HS treated with quercetin 50 mg.kg-1.d-1, and (5) HS treated with both compounds for 4 weeks. RESULTS TQ/quercetin co-treatment augmented the anti-steatosis potential of each ingredient. The results revealed more (p < 0.001) sirtuin (SIRT1)/AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK) upregulation compared to each treatment in line with autophagy protein Atg7 enhancement, and suppressed pro-inflammatory and oxidation markers. They diminished the hepatic lipogenic enzymes and perilipin-2 and activated the cytosolic lipases adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL). Histological and Biochemical analysis revealed diminished lipid deposition and improved liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase [ALT] and aspartate aminotransferase [AST]) compared to the data of separate treatments. CONCLUSION TQ and quercitin effectively upregulated SIRT1/p-AMPK and regulated hepatic perilipin-2/ATGL, inflammation and oxidative stress, preserved liver structure and function. TQ/quercetin combination additively prevents HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hend Ashour
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Laila A Rashed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Radwa T M Hassanein
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Basma E Aboulhoda
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hasnaa A Ebrahim
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed H Elsayed
- Department of Pediatrics ICU, Al-Ahrar Teaching Hospital, Zagazig, Egypt
- Department of Pediatrics ICU, King Fahd Armed Forces Hospital, Khamis Mushait, Saudi Arabia
| | - Miran A Elkordy
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Omaima M Abdelwahed
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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19
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Tang J, Wang Z. Genome wide analysis of dexamethasone stimulated mineralization in human dental pulp cells by RNA sequencing. J Gene Med 2023; 25:e3466. [PMID: 36464925 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) contain mesenchymal stem cells and are therefore indispensible for reparative dentin formation. Here, we present a pilot study of transcriptomic profiles of mineralized hDPCs isolated from sound human maxillary third molars. We observed altered gene expression of hDPCs between control (dexamethasone free) and experimental (dexamethasone 1 nm) groups. Differential expression analysis revealed up-regulation of several inflammation and mineralization-related genes in the experimental group. After a Gene Ontology analysis for predicting genes involved in biological process, cellular component and molecular function, we found enrichment of genes related to protein binding. Based on the results of Kyoto Encylopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis, it is suggested up-regulated genes in mineralized hDPCs were mostly enriched in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, fluid shear stress and the atherosclerosis signaling pathway, etc. Importantly, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis revealed dexamethasone was positively related to the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription, MAPK and Notch signaling pathway. Moreover, it was suggested that dexamethasone regulates signaling pathway in pluripotency of stem cells. Collectively, our work highlights transcriptome level gene regulation and intercellular interactions in mineralized hDPCs. The database produced in the present study paves the way for further investigations looking to explore genes that are involved in dental pulp cells mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Tang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zuolin Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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20
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den Braanker DJW, Maas RJH, van Mierlo G, Parr NMJ, Bakker-van Bebber M, Deegens JKJ, Jansen PWTC, Gloerich J, Willemsen B, Dijkman HB, van Gool AJ, Wetzels JFM, Rinschen MM, Vermeulen M, Nijenhuis T, van der Vlag J. Primary Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis Plasmas Increase Lipid Droplet Formation and Perilipin-2 Expression in Human Podocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010194. [PMID: 36613637 PMCID: PMC9820489 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Many patients with primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) develop recurrence of proteinuria after kidney transplantation. Several circulating permeability factors (CPFs) responsible for recurrence have been suggested, but were never validated. We aimed to find proteins involved in the mechanism of action of CPF(s) and/or potential biomarkers for the presence of CPF(s). Cultured human podocytes were exposed to plasma from patients with FSGS with presumed CPF(s) or healthy and disease controls. Podocyte proteomes were analyzed by LC-MS. Results were validated using flow cytometry, RT-PCR, and immunofluorescence. Podocyte granularity was examined using flow cytometry, electron microscopy imaging, and BODIPY staining. Perilipin-2 protein expression was increased in podocytes exposed to presumed CPF-containing plasmas, and correlated with the capacity of plasma to induce podocyte granularity, identified as lipid droplet accumulation. Elevated podocyte perilipin-2 was confirmed at protein and mRNA level and was also detected in glomeruli of FSGS patients whose active disease plasmas induced podocyte perilipin-2 and lipid droplets. Our study demonstrates that presumably, CPF-containing plasmas from FSGS patients induce podocyte lipid droplet accumulation and perilipin-2 expression, identifying perilipin-2 as a potential biomarker. Future research should address the mechanism underlying CPF-induced alterations in podocyte lipid metabolism, which ultimately may result in novel leads for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk J. W. den Braanker
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rutger J. H. Maas
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Guido van Mierlo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, 3521 AL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Naomi M. J. Parr
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marinka Bakker-van Bebber
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen K. J. Deegens
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Pascal W. T. C. Jansen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, 3521 AL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jolein Gloerich
- Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Brigith Willemsen
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Henry B. Dijkman
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alain J. van Gool
- Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jack F. M. Wetzels
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Markus M. Rinschen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michiel Vermeulen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, 3521 AL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Nijenhuis
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
| | - Johan van der Vlag
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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21
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Aaron N, Zahr T, He Y, Yu L, Mayfield B, Pajvani UB, Qiang L. Acetylation of PPARγ in macrophages promotes visceral fat degeneration in obesity. LIFE METABOLISM 2022; 1:258-269. [PMID: 37213714 PMCID: PMC10198133 DOI: 10.1093/lifemeta/loac032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by chronic, low-grade inflammation, which is driven by macrophage infiltration of adipose tissue. PPARγ is well established to have an anti-inflammatory function in macrophages, but the mechanism that regulates its function in these cells remains to be fully elucidated. PPARγ undergoes post-translational modifications (PTMs), including acetylation, to mediate ligand responses, including on metabolic functions. Here, we report that PPARγ acetylation in macrophages promotes their infiltration into adipose tissue, exacerbating metabolic dysregulation. We generated a mouse line that expresses a macrophage-specific, constitutive acetylation-mimetic form of PPARγ (K293Qflox/flox:LysM-cre, mK293Q) to dissect the role of PPARγ acetylation in macrophages. Upon high-fat diet feeding to stimulate macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue, we assessed the overall metabolic profile and tissue-specific phenotype of the mutant mice, including responses to the PPARγ agonist Rosiglitazone. Macrophage-specific PPARγ K293Q expression promotes proinflammatory macrophage infiltration and fibrosis in epididymal white adipose tissue, but not in subcutaneous or brown adipose tissue, leading to decreased energy expenditure, insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, and adipose tissue function. Furthermore, mK293Q mice are resistant to Rosiglitazone-induced improvements in adipose tissue remodeling. Our study reveals that acetylation is a new layer of PPARγ regulation in macrophage activation, and highlights the importance and potential therapeutic implications of such PTMs in regulating metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Aaron
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tarik Zahr
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ying He
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lexiang Yu
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brent Mayfield
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Utpal B. Pajvani
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Li Qiang
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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22
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Wang XX, Xie C, Libby AE, Ranjit S, Levi J, Myakala K, Bhasin K, Jones BA, Orlicky DJ, Takahashi S, Dvornikov A, Kleiner DE, Hewitt SM, Adorini L, Kopp JB, Krausz KW, Rosenberg A, McManaman JL, Robertson CE, Ir D, Frank DN, Luo Y, Gonzalez FJ, Gratton E, Levi M. The role of FXR and TGR5 in reversing and preventing progression of Western diet-induced hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis in mice. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102530. [PMID: 36209823 PMCID: PMC9638804 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the most common chronic liver disease in the US, partly due to the increasing incidence of metabolic syndrome, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. The roles of bile acids and their receptors, such as the nuclear receptor farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and the G protein-coupled receptor TGR5, on the development of NASH are not fully clear. C57BL/6J male mice fed a Western diet (WD) develop characteristics of NASH, allowing determination of the effects of FXR and TGR5 agonists on this disease. Here we show that the FXR-TGR5 dual agonist INT-767 prevents progression of WD-induced hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis, as determined by histological and biochemical assays and novel label-free microscopy imaging techniques, including third harmonic generation, second harmonic generation, and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. Furthermore, we show INT-767 decreases liver fatty acid synthesis and fatty acid and cholesterol uptake, as well as liver inflammation. INT-767 markedly changed bile acid composition in the liver and intestine, leading to notable decreases in the hydrophobicity index of bile acids, known to limit cholesterol and lipid absorption. In addition, INT-767 upregulated expression of liver p-AMPK, SIRT1, PGC-1α, and SIRT3, which are master regulators of mitochondrial function. Finally, we found INT-767 treatment reduced WD-induced dysbiosis of gut microbiota. Interestingly, the effects of INT-767 in attenuating NASH were absent in FXR-null mice, but still present in TGR5-null mice. Our findings support treatment and prevention protocols with the dual FXR-TGR5 agonist INT-767 arrest progression of WD-induced NASH in mice mediated by FXR-dependent, TGR5-independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxin X Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
| | - Cen Xie
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew E Libby
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Suman Ranjit
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Jonathan Levi
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Komuraiah Myakala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Kanchan Bhasin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Bryce A Jones
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - David J Orlicky
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado AMC, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Shogo Takahashi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Alexander Dvornikov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - David E Kleiner
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephen M Hewitt
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey B Kopp
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kristopher W Krausz
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Avi Rosenberg
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - James L McManaman
- The Integrated Physiology Program, University of Colorado AMC, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Diana Ir
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado AMC, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Daniel N Frank
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado AMC, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Yuhuan Luo
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado AMC, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Enrico Gratton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Moshe Levi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
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23
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Schratter M, Lass A, Radner FPW. ABHD5-A Regulator of Lipid Metabolism Essential for Diverse Cellular Functions. Metabolites 2022; 12:1015. [PMID: 36355098 PMCID: PMC9694394 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The α/β-Hydrolase domain-containing protein 5 (ABHD5; also known as comparative gene identification-58, or CGI-58) is the causative gene of the Chanarin-Dorfman syndrome (CDS), a disorder mainly characterized by systemic triacylglycerol accumulation and a severe defect in skin barrier function. The clinical phenotype of CDS patients and the characterization of global and tissue-specific ABHD5-deficient mouse strains have demonstrated that ABHD5 is a crucial regulator of lipid and energy homeostasis in various tissues. Although ABHD5 lacks intrinsic hydrolase activity, it functions as a co-activating enzyme of the patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing (PNPLA) protein family that is involved in triacylglycerol and glycerophospholipid, as well as sphingolipid and retinyl ester metabolism. Moreover, ABHD5 interacts with perilipins (PLINs) and fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs), which are important regulators of lipid homeostasis in adipose and non-adipose tissues. This review focuses on the multifaceted role of ABHD5 in modulating the function of key enzymes in lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Schratter
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Achim Lass
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Franz P. W. Radner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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24
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Roy S, Abudu A, Salinas I, Sinha N, Cline-Fedewa H, Yaw AM, Qi W, Lydic TA, Takahashi DL, Hennebold JD, Hoffmann HM, Wang J, Sen A. Androgen-mediated Perturbation of the Hepatic Circadian System Through Epigenetic Modulation Promotes NAFLD in PCOS Mice. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6657796. [PMID: 35933634 PMCID: PMC9419696 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In women, excess androgen causes polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a common fertility disorder with comorbid metabolic dysfunctions including diabetes, obesity, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Using a PCOS mouse model, this study shows that chronic high androgen levels cause hepatic steatosis while hepatocyte-specific androgen receptor (AR)-knockout rescues this phenotype. Moreover, through RNA-sequencing and metabolomic studies, we have identified key metabolic genes and pathways affected by hyperandrogenism. Our studies reveal that a large number of metabolic genes are directly regulated by androgens through AR binding to androgen response element sequences on the promoter region of these genes. Interestingly, a number of circadian genes are also differentially regulated by androgens. In vivo and in vitro studies using a circadian reporter [Period2::Luciferase (Per2::LUC)] mouse model demonstrate that androgens can directly disrupt the hepatic timing system, which is a key regulator of liver metabolism. Consequently, studies show that androgens decrease H3K27me3, a gene silencing mark on the promoter of core clock genes, by inhibiting the expression of histone methyltransferase, Ezh2, while inducing the expression of the histone demethylase, JMJD3, which is responsible for adding and removing the H3K27me3 mark, respectively. Finally, we report that under hyperandrogenic conditions, some of the same circadian/metabolic genes that are upregulated in the mouse liver are also elevated in nonhuman primate livers. In summary, these studies not only provide an overall understanding of how hyperandrogenism associated with PCOS affects liver gene expression and metabolism but also offer insight into the underlying mechanisms leading to hepatic steatosis in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Niharika Sinha
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Holly Cline-Fedewa
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Alexandra M Yaw
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Wenjie Qi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Todd A Lydic
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Core, Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | - Jon D Hennebold
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, USA
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Hanne M Hoffmann
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jianrong Wang
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Aritro Sen
- Correspondence: Aritro Sen, PhD, Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Department of Animal Sciences, 766 Service Rd, Interdisciplinary Science & Technology Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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Gjorgjieva M, Ay AS, Correia de Sousa M, Delangre E, Dolicka D, Sobolewski C, Maeder C, Fournier M, Sempoux C, Foti M. MiR-22 Deficiency Fosters Hepatocellular Carcinoma Development in Fatty Liver. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182860. [PMID: 36139435 PMCID: PMC9496902 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MiR-22 is mostly considered as a hepatic tumor-suppressor microRNA based on in vitro analyses. Yet, whether miR-22 exerts a tumor-suppressive function in the liver has not been investigated in vivo. Herein, in silico analyses of miR-22 expression were performed in hepatocellular carcinomas from human patient cohorts and different mouse models. Diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocellular carcinomas were then investigated in lean and diet-induced obese miR-22-deficient mice. The proteome of liver tissues from miR-22-deficient mice prior to hepatocellular carcinoma development was further analyzed to uncover miR-22 regulated factors that impact hepatocarcinogenesis with miR-22 deficiency. MiR-22 downregulation was consistently observed in hepatocellular carcinomas from all human cohorts and mouse models investigated. The time of appearance of the first tumors was decreased and the number of tumoral foci induced by diethylnitrosamine was significantly increased by miR-22-deficiency in vivo, two features which were further drastically exacerbated with diet-induced obesity. At the molecular level, we provide evidence that the loss of miR-22 significantly affects the energetic metabolism and mitochondrial functions of hepatocytes, and the expression of tumor-promoting factors such as thrombospondin-1. Our study demonstrates that miR-22 acts as a hepatic tumor suppressor in vivo by restraining pro-carcinogenic metabolic deregulations through pleiotropic mechanisms and the overexpression of relevant oncogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Gjorgjieva
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Sophie Ay
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marta Correia de Sousa
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Etienne Delangre
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dobrochna Dolicka
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cyril Sobolewski
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christine Maeder
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Margot Fournier
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christine Sempoux
- Service of Clinical Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michelangelo Foti
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Translational Research Centre in Onco-Haematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
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N-Octyl Caffeamide, a Caffeic Acid Amide Derivative, Prevents Progression of Diabetes and Hepatic Steatosis in High-Fat Diet Induced Obese Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168948. [PMID: 36012215 PMCID: PMC9409300 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The underlying pathological mechanisms of diabetes are complicated and varied in diabetic patients, which may lead to the current medications often failing to maintain glycemic control in the long term. Thus, the discovery of diverse new compounds for developing medicines to treat diabetes and its complications are urgently needed. Polyphenols are metabolites of plants and have been employed in the prevention and treatment of a variety of diseases. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is a category of compounds structurally similar to polyphenols. In this study, we aimed to investigate the antidiabetic activity and potential molecular mechanisms of a novel synthetic CAPE derivative N-octyl caffeamide (36M) using high-fat (HF) diet induced obese mouse models. Our results demonstrate that 36M prevented the progression of diabetes in the HF diet fed obese mice via increasing phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and inhibiting expression of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B). We also found that 36M could prevent hepatic lipid storage in the HF diet fed mice via inhibition of fatty acid synthase and lipid droplet proteins, including perilipins and Fsp27. In conclusion, 36M is a potential candidate compound that can be developed as AMPK inhibitor and PTP1B inhibitor for treating diabetes and hepatic steatosis.
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Sar1 Affects the Localization of Perilipin 2 to Lipid Droplets. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126366. [PMID: 35742827 PMCID: PMC9223735 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are intracellular organelles that are ubiquitous in many types of cells. The LD core consists of triacylglycerols (TGs) surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer and surface proteins such as perilipin 2 (PLIN2). Although TGs accumulate in the phospholipid bilayer of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and subsequently nascent LDs buds from ER, the mechanism by which LD proteins are transported to LD particles is not fully understood. Sar1 is a GTPase known as a regulator of coat protein complex Ⅱ (COPⅡ) vesicle budding, and its role in LD formation was investigated in this study. HuH7 human hepatoma cells were infected with adenoviral particles containing genes coding GFP fused with wild-type Sar1 (Sar1 WT) or a GTPase mutant form (Sar1 H79G). When HuH7 cells were treated with oleic acid, Sar1 WT formed a ring-like structure around the LDs. The transient expression of Sar1 did not significantly alter the levels of TG and PLIN2 in the cells. However, the localization of PLIN2 to the LDs decreased in the cells expressing Sar1 H79G. Furthermore, the effects of Sar1 on PLIN2 localization to the LDs were verified by the suppression of endogenous Sar1 using the short hairpin RNA technique. In conclusion, it was found that Sar1 has some roles in the intracellular distribution of PLIN2 to LDs in liver cells.
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Chen L, Li Y, Sottas C, Lazaris A, Petrillo SK, Metrakos P, Li L, Ishida Y, Saito T, Garza S, Papadopoulos V. Loss of mitochondrial ATPase ATAD3A contributes to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease through accumulation of lipids and damaged mitochondria. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102008. [PMID: 35513069 PMCID: PMC9157002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial ATPase ATAD3A is essential for cholesterol transport, mitochondrial structure, and cell survival. However, the relationship between ATAD3A and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is largely unknown. In this study, we found that ATAD3A was upregulated in the progression of NAFLD in livers from rats with diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and in human livers from patients diagnosed with NAFLD. We used CRISPR-Cas9 to delete ATAD3A in Huh7 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells and used RNAi to silence ATAD3A expression in human hepatocytes isolated from humanized liver-chimeric mice to assess the influence of ATAD3A deletion on liver cells with free cholesterol (FC) overload induced by treatment with cholesterol plus 58035, an inhibitor of acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase. Our results showed that ATAD3A KO exacerbated FC accumulation under FC overload in Huh7 cells and also that triglyceride levels were significantly increased in ATAD3A KO Huh7 cells following inhibition of lipolysis mediated by upregulation of lipid droplet-binding protein perilipin-2. Moreover, loss of ATAD3A upregulated autophagosome-associated light chain 3-II protein and p62 in Huh7 cells and fresh human hepatocytes through blockage of autophagosome degradation. Finally, we show the mitophagy mediator, PTEN-induced kinase 1, was downregulated in ATAD3A KO Huh7 cells, suggesting that ATAD3A KO inhibits mitophagy. These results also showed that loss of ATAD3A impaired mitochondrial basal respiration and ATP production in Huh7 cells under FC overload, accompanied by downregulation of mitochondrial ATP synthase. Taken together, we conclude that loss of ATAD3A promotes the progression of NAFLD through the accumulation of FC, triglyceride, and damaged mitochondria in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liting Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yuchang Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Chantal Sottas
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Anthoula Lazaris
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stephanie K Petrillo
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Peter Metrakos
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yuji Ishida
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA; Research & Development Department, PhoenixBio, Co, Ltd, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takeshi Saito
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA; University of Southern California Research Center for Liver Diseases, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Samuel Garza
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Vassilios Papadopoulos
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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29
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Siemienowicz KJ, Filis P, Thomas J, Fowler PA, Duncan WC, Rae MT. Hepatic Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Risk of Liver Disease in an Ovine Model of “PCOS Males”. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061291. [PMID: 35740312 PMCID: PMC9220073 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
First-degree male relatives of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) sufferers can develop metabolic abnormalities evidenced by elevated circulating cholesterol and triglycerides, suggestive of a male PCOS equivalent. Similarly, male sheep overexposed to excess androgens in fetal life develop dyslipidaemia in adolescence. Dyslipidaemia, altered lipid metabolism, and dysfunctional hepatic mitochondria are associated with the development of non-alcoholic liver disease (NAFLD). We therefore dissected hepatic mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism in adolescent prenatally androgenized (PA) males from an ovine model of PCOS. Testosterone was directly administered to male ovine fetuses to create prenatal androgenic overexposure. Liver RNA sequencing and proteomics occurred at 6 months of age. Hepatic lipids, glycogen, ATP, reactive oxygen species (ROS), DNA damage, and collagen were assessed. Adolescent PA males had an increased accumulation of hepatic cholesterol and glycogen, together with perturbed glucose and fatty acid metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, with altered mitochondrial transport, decreased oxidative phosphorylation and ATP synthesis, and impaired mitophagy. Mitochondrial dysfunction in PA males was associated with increased hepatic ROS level and signs of early liver fibrosis, with clinical relevance to NAFLD progression. We conclude that excess in utero androgen exposure in male fetuses leads to a PCOS-like metabolic phenotype with dysregulated mitochondrial function and likely lifelong health sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna J. Siemienowicz
- School of Applied Science, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, UK; (J.T.); (M.T.R.)
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK;
- Correspondence:
| | - Panagiotis Filis
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK; (P.F.); (P.A.F.)
| | - Jennifer Thomas
- School of Applied Science, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, UK; (J.T.); (M.T.R.)
| | - Paul A. Fowler
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK; (P.F.); (P.A.F.)
| | - W. Colin Duncan
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK;
| | - Mick T. Rae
- School of Applied Science, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, UK; (J.T.); (M.T.R.)
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30
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Boeckmans J, Gatzios A, Heymans A, Rombaut M, Rogiers V, De Kock J, Vanhaecke T, Rodrigues RM. Transcriptomics Reveals Discordant Lipid Metabolism Effects between In Vitro Models Exposed to Elafibranor and Liver Samples of NAFLD Patients after Bariatric Surgery. Cells 2022; 11:893. [PMID: 35269515 PMCID: PMC8909190 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a life-threatening stage of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) for which no drugs have been approved. We have previously shown that human-derived hepatic in vitro models can be used to mimic key cellular mechanisms involved in the progression of NASH. In the present study, we first characterize the transcriptome of multiple in vitro NASH models. Subsequently, we investigate how elafibranor, which is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α/δ agonist that has recently failed a phase 3 clinical trial as a potential anti-NASH compound, modulates the transcriptome of these models. Finally, we compare the elafibranor-induced gene expression modulation to transcriptome data of patients with improved/resolved NAFLD/NASH upon bariatric surgery, which is the only proven clinical NASH therapy. METHODS Human whole genome microarrays were used for the transcriptomics evaluation of hepatic in vitro models. Comparison to publicly available clinical datasets was conducted using multiple bioinformatic application tools. RESULTS Primary human hepatocytes (PHH), HepaRG, and human skin stem cell-derived hepatic progenitors (hSKP-HPC) exposed to NASH-inducing triggers exhibit up to 35% overlap with datasets of liver samples from NASH patients. Exposure of the in vitro NASH models to elafibranor partially reversed the transcriptional modulations, predicting an inhibition of toll-like receptor (TLR)-2/4/9-mediated inflammatory responses, NFκB-signaling, hepatic fibrosis, and leukocyte migration. These transcriptomic changes were also observed in the datasets of liver samples of patients with resolved NASH. Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor Alpha (PPARA), PPARG Coactivator 1 Alpha (PPARGC1A), and Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) were identified as the major common upstream regulators upon exposure to elafibranor. Analysis of the downstream mechanistic networks further revealed that angiopoietin Like 4 (ANGPTL4), pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4), and perilipin 2 (PLIN2), which are involved in the promotion of hepatic lipid accumulation, were also commonly upregulated by elafibranor in all in vitro NASH models. Contrarily, these genes were not upregulated in liver samples of patients with resolved NASH. CONCLUSION Transcriptomics comparison between in vitro NASH models exposed to elafibranor and clinical datasets of NAFLD patients after bariatric surgery reveals commonly modulated anti-inflammatory responses, but discordant modulations of key factors in lipid metabolism. This discordant adverse effect of elafibranor deserves further investigation when assessing PPAR-α/δ agonism as a potential anti-NASH therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost Boeckmans
- Correspondence: (J.B.); (R.M.R.); Tel.: +32-(0)-2-477-45-19 (R.M.R.)
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31
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Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are ubiquitous organelles that store and supply lipids for energy metabolism, membrane synthesis and production of lipid-derived signaling molecules. While compositional differences in the phospholipid monolayer or neutral lipid core of LDs impact their metabolism and function, the proteome of LDs has emerged as a major influencer in all aspects of LD biology. The perilipins (PLINs) are the most studied and abundant proteins residing on the LD surface. This Cell Science at a Glance and the accompanying poster summarize our current knowledge of the common and unique features of the mammalian PLIN family of proteins, the mechanisms through which they affect cell metabolism and signaling, and their links to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles P. Najt
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Mahima Devarajan
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Douglas G. Mashek
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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32
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Kiron V, Kathiresan P, Fernandes JM, Sørensen M, Vasanth GK, Qingsong L, Lin Q, Kwang LT, Dahle D, Dias J, Trichet VV. Clues from the intestinal mucus proteome of Atlantic salmon to counter inflammation. J Proteomics 2022; 255:104487. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Eynaudi A, Díaz-Castro F, Bórquez JC, Bravo-Sagua R, Parra V, Troncoso R. Differential Effects of Oleic and Palmitic Acids on Lipid Droplet-Mitochondria Interaction in the Hepatic Cell Line HepG2. Front Nutr 2021; 8:775382. [PMID: 34869541 PMCID: PMC8632770 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.775382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid overload, either of the saturated palmitic acid (PA) or the unsaturated oleic acid (OA), causes triglyceride accumulation into specialized organelles termed lipid droplets (LD). However, only PA overload leads to liver damage mediated by mitochondrial dysfunction. Whether these divergent outcomes stem from differential effects of PA and OA on LD and mitochondria joint dynamics remains to be uncovered. Here, we contrast how both fatty acids impact the morphology and interaction between both organelles and mitochondrial bioenergetics in HepG2 cells. Using confocal microscopy, we showed that short-term (2–24 h) OA overload promotes more and bigger LD accumulation than PA. Oxygen polarography indicated that both treatments stimulated mitochondrial respiration; however, OA favored an overall build-up of the mitochondrial potential, and PA evoked mitochondrial fragmentation, concomitant with an ATP-oriented metabolism. Even though PA-induced a lesser increase in LD-mitochondria proximity than OA, those LD associated with highly active mitochondria suggest that they interact mainly to fuel fatty acid oxidation and ATP synthesis (that is, metabolically “active” LD). On the contrary, OA overload seemingly stimulated LD-mitochondria interaction mainly for LD growth (thus metabolically “passive” LDs). In sum, these differences point out that OA readily accumulates in LD, likely reducing their toxicity, while PA preferably stimulates mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, which may contribute to liver damage progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Eynaudi
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Nutrición y Actividad Física (LABINAF), Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Díaz-Castro
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Nutrición y Actividad Física (LABINAF), Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Carlos Bórquez
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Nutrición y Actividad Física (LABINAF), Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto Bravo-Sagua
- Laboratorio de Obesidad y Metabolismo Energético (OMEGA), Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Red de Investigación en Envejecimiento Saludable, Consorcio de Universidades del Estado de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Valentina Parra
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Red Para el Estudio de Enfermedades Cardiopulmonares de Alta Letalidad (REECPAL), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Troncoso
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Nutrición y Actividad Física (LABINAF), Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Jin J, Wahlang B, Thapa M, Head KZ, Hardesty JE, Srivastava S, Merchant ML, Rai SN, Prough RA, Cave MC. Proteomics and metabolic phenotyping define principal roles for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in mouse liver. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:3806-3819. [PMID: 35024308 PMCID: PMC8727924 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dioxin-like molecules have been associated with endocrine disruption and liver disease. To better understand aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) biology, metabolic phenotyping and liver proteomics were performed in mice following ligand-activation or whole-body genetic ablation of this receptor. Male wild type (WT) and Ahr–/– mice (Taconic) were fed a control diet and exposed to 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB126) (61 nmol/kg by gavage) or vehicle for two weeks. PCB126 increased expression of canonical AHR targets (Cyp1a1 and Cyp1a2) in WT but not Ahr–/–. Knockouts had increased adiposity with decreased glucose tolerance; smaller livers with increased steatosis and perilipin-2; and paradoxically decreased blood lipids. PCB126 was associated with increased hepatic triglycerides in Ahr–/–. The liver proteome was impacted more so by Ahr–/– genotype than ligand-activation, but top gene ontology (GO) processes were similar. The PCB126-associated liver proteome was Ahr-dependent. Ahr principally regulated liver metabolism (e.g., lipids, xenobiotics, organic acids) and bioenergetics, but it also impacted liver endocrine response (e.g., the insulin receptor) and function, including the production of steroids, hepatokines, and pheromone binding proteins. These effects could have been indirectly mediated by interacting transcription factors or microRNAs. The biologic roles of the AHR and its ligands warrant more research in liver metabolic health and disease.
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Key Words
- AHR
- AHR, aryl hydrocarbon receptor
- ALT, alanine transaminase
- ANOVA, analysis of variance
- AST, aspartate transaminase
- AUC, area under the curve
- CAR, constitutive androstane receptor
- CD36, cluster of differentiation 36
- CYP, cytochrome P450
- EPF, enrichment by protein function
- Endocrine disruption
- Environmental liver disease
- FDR, false discovery rate
- FGF21, fibroblast growth factor 21
- GCR, glucocorticoid receptor
- GO, gene ontology
- H&E, hematoxylin-eosin
- HDL, high-density lipoprotein
- HFD, high fat diet
- IGF1, insulin-like growth factor 1
- IL-6, interleukin 6
- IPF, interaction by protein function
- LDL, low-density lipoprotein
- MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
- MUP, major urinary protein
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NFKBIA, nuclear factor kappa-inhibitor alpha
- Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
- PAI-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1
- PCB, polychlorinated biphenyl
- PCB126
- PLIN2, perilipin-2
- PNPLA3, patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3
- PPARα, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha
- PXR, pregnane-xenobiotic receptor
- Perilipin-2
- Pheromones
- SGK1, serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase
- TAFLD, toxicant-associated fatty liver disease
- TASH, toxicant-associated steatohepatitis
- TAT, tyrosine aminotransferase
- TMT, tandem mass tag
- VLDL, very low-density lipoprotein
- WT, wild type
- ZFP125, zinc finger protein 125
- miR, microRNA
- nHDLc, non-HDL cholesterol
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Yoshioka K, Hirakawa Y, Kurano M, Ube Y, Ono Y, Kojima K, Iwama T, Kano K, Hasegawa S, Inoue T, Shimada T, Aoki J, Yatomi Y, Nangaku M, Inagi R. Lysophosphatidylcholine mediates fast decline in kidney function in diabetic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2021; 101:510-526. [PMID: 34856312 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Some patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) show a fast progression of kidney dysfunction and are known as a "fast decliner" (FD). Therefore, it is critical to understand pathomechanisms specific for fast decline. Here, we performed a comprehensive metabolomic analysis of patients with stage G3 DKD and identified increased urinary lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) in fast decline. This was confirmed by quantification of urinary LPC using mass spectrometry and identified urinary LPC containing saturated fatty acids palmitic (16:0) and stearic (18:0) acids was increased in FDs. The upsurge in urinary LPC levels was correlated with a decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate after 2.5 years. To clarify a pathogenic role of LPC in FD, we studied an accelerated rat model of DKD and observed an increase in LPC (16:0) and (18:0) levels in the urine and kidney tubulointerstitium as the disease progressed. These findings suggested that local dysregulation of lipid metabolism resulted in excessive accumulation of this LPC species in the kidney. Our in vitro studies also confirmed LPC-mediated lipotoxicity in cultured proximal tubular cells. LPC induced accumulation of lipid droplets via activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-δ followed by upregulation of the lipid droplet membrane protein perilipin 2 and decreased autophagic flux, thereby inducing organelle stress and subsequent apoptosis. Thus, LPC (16:0) and (18:0) may mediate a fast progression of DKD and may serve as a target for novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Yoshioka
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Division of CKD Pathophysiology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Hirakawa
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Kurano
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Ube
- R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Ono
- R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Taiga Iwama
- Department of Health Chemistry, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kuniyuki Kano
- Department of Health Chemistry, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sho Hasegawa
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Division of CKD Pathophysiology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Inoue
- Division of CKD Pathophysiology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Physiology of Visceral Function and Body Fluid, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | | | - Junken Aoki
- Department of Health Chemistry, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yatomi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaomi Nangaku
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Reiko Inagi
- Division of CKD Pathophysiology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Griffin JD, Bejarano E, Wang XD, Greenberg AS. Integrated Action of Autophagy and Adipose Tissue Triglyceride Lipase Ameliorates Diet-Induced Hepatic Steatosis in Liver-Specific PLIN2 Knockout Mice. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051016. [PMID: 33923083 PMCID: PMC8145136 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
An imbalance in the storage and breakdown of hepatic lipid droplet (LD) triglyceride (TAG) leads to hepatic steatosis, a defining feature of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The two primary cellular pathways regulating hepatic TAG catabolism are lipolysis, initiated by adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), and lipophagy. Each of these processes requires access to the LD surface to initiate LD TAG catabolism. Ablation of perilipin 2 (PLIN2), the most abundant lipid droplet-associated protein in steatotic liver, protects mice from diet-induced NAFLD. However, the mechanisms underlaying this protection are unclear. We tested the contributions of ATGL and lipophagy mediated lipolysis to reduced hepatic TAG in mice with liver-specific PLIN2 deficiency (PLIN2LKO) fed a Western-type diet for 12 weeks. We observed enhanced autophagy in the absence of PLIN2, as determined by ex vivo p62 flux, as well as increased p62- and LC3-positive autophagic vesicles in PLIN2LKO livers and isolated primary hepatocytes. Increased levels of autophagy correlated with significant increases in cellular fatty acid (FA) oxidation in PLIN2LKO hepatocytes. We observed that inhibition of either autophagy or ATGL blunted the increased FA oxidation in PLIN2LKO hepatocytes. Additionally, combined inhibition of ATGL and autophagy reduced FA oxidation to the same extent as treatment with either inhibitor alone. In sum, these studies show that protection against NAFLD in the absence of hepatic PLIN2 is driven by the integrated actions of both ATGL and lipophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D. Griffin
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA;
| | - Eloy Bejarano
- Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA;
- School of Health Sciences, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, 46001 Valencia, Spain
| | - Xiang-Dong Wang
- Laboratory for Nutrition and Cancer Biology, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA;
| | - Andrew S. Greenberg
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA;
- Correspondence:
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Leocádio PCL, Lopes SC, Dias RP, Alvarez-Leite JI, Guerrant RL, Malva JO, Oriá RB. The Transition From Undernutrition to Overnutrition Under Adverse Environments and Poverty: The Risk for Chronic Diseases. Front Nutr 2021; 8:676044. [PMID: 33968973 PMCID: PMC8102690 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.676044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Caroline L Leocádio
- Laboratory of Atherosclerosis and Nutritional Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Department of Nutrition, Nursing School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Synara C Lopes
- Laboratory of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny, and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo P Dias
- Laboratory of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny, and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline I Alvarez-Leite
- Laboratory of Atherosclerosis and Nutritional Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Richard L Guerrant
- Center for Global Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - João O Malva
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Reinaldo B Oriá
- Laboratory of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny, and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
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Guan H, Wang Y, Li H, Zhu Q, Li X, Liang G, Ge RS. 5-Bis-(2,6-difluoro-benzylidene) Cyclopentanone Acts as a Selective 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase one Inhibitor to Treat Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:594437. [PMID: 33912032 PMCID: PMC8072159 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.594437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: 11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase one is responsible for activating inert glucocorticoid cortisone into biologically active cortisol in humans and may be a novel target for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Methods: A series of benzylidene cyclopentanone derivatives were synthesized, and the selective inhibitory effects on rat, mouse and human 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase one and two were screened. The most potent compound [5-bis-(2,6-difluoro-benzylidene)-cyclopentanone] (WZS08), was used to treat nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice fed a high-fat-diet for 100 days. Results: WZS08 was the most potent inhibitor of rat, mouse, and human 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1, with half maximum inhibitory concentrations of 378.0, 244.1, and 621.1 nM, respectively, and it did not affect 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase two at 100 μM. When mice were fed WZS08 (1, 2, and 4 mg/kg) for 100 days, WZS08 significantly lowered the serum insulin levels and insulin index at 4 mg/kg. WZS08 significantly reduced the levels of serum triglycerides, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and hepatic fat ratio at low concentration of 1 mg/kg. It down-regulated Plin2 expression and up-regulated Fabp4 expression at low concentration of 1 mg/kg. It significantly improved the morphology of the non-alcoholic fatty liver. Conclusion: WZS08 selectively inhibits rat, mouse, and human 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1, and can treat non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in a mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongguo Guan
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiyan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huitao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qiqi Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoheng Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Guang Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ren-Shan Ge
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Moreto F, Ferron AJT, Francisqueti-Ferron FV, D'Amato A, Garcia JL, Costa MR, Silva CCVA, Altomare A, Correa CR, Aldini G, Ferreira ALA. Differentially expressed proteins obtained by label-free quantitative proteomic analysis reveal affected biological processes and functions in Western diet-induced steatohepatitis. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:1-11. [PMID: 33729641 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a pathological manifestation with a progressive incidence in response to the epidemic of hepatic steatosis caused primarily by excessive energy intake. The present study unravels affected biological processes and functions by the presence of NASH in rats using a label-free quantitative proteomic strategy. NASH was induced by a Western high-sugar and high-fat diet for 20 weeks. The liver tissue was collected for histology and for a mass spectrometry-based proteomic protocol. The NASH group showed severe lipidosis, hepatocyte ballooning, and the presence of collagen deposition. Among upregulated proteins in NASH perilipin-2 (Plin-2; F6QBA3; difference [diff]: 2.29), ferritin heavy (Fth1; Q66HI5; diff: 2.19) and light (Ftl1; P02793; diff: 1.75) chains, macrophage migration inhibitory factor 1 (Mif; P30904; diff: 1.69), and fibronectin (Fn1; F1LST1; diff: 0.35) were observed, whereas among downregulated proteins, plectin (Q6S399; diff: -3.34), some Cyp2 family proteins of the cytochrome P450 complex, glutathione S-transferases, flavin-containing monooxygenase 1 (Fmo1; P36365; diff: -2.08), acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 2 (Acat2; Q5XI22; diff: -2.25), acyl-CoA oxidase 2 (Acox2; F1LNW3; diff: -1.59), and acyl-CoA oxidase 3 (Acox3; F1M9A7; diff: -2.41) were observed. Also, biological processes and functions such as LPS/IL-1 inhibition of RXR, fatty acid metabolism, Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress response, xenobiotic metabolism, and PXR/RXR and CAR/RXR activations were predicted to be affected. In conclusion, the liver of rats with NASH induced by Western diet shows a decreased capacity of metabolizing lipids, fatty acids, and xenobiotic compounds that predispose fibrosis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Moreto
- Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alfonsina D'Amato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Mariane R Costa
- Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Giancarlo Aldini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Conte M, Santoro A, Collura S, Martucci M, Battista G, Bazzocchi A, Morsiani C, Sevini F, Capri M, Monti D, Franceschi C, Salvioli S. Circulating perilipin 2 levels are associated with fat mass, inflammatory and metabolic markers and are higher in women than men. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:7931-7942. [PMID: 33735111 PMCID: PMC8034884 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Perilipin 2 (PLIN2) is a protein involved in lipid storage and metabolism in non-adipose tissues. Detectable levels of circulating PLIN2 (cPLIN2) have been reported to be associated with some types of cancer, but no systematic analysis of age-related modifications in cPLIN2 levels has ever been performed. We measured serum cPLIN2 in a group of old people including centenarians in comparison with young subjects and tested possible correlations with parameters of body composition, fat and glucose metabolism, and inflammation. We found that: i. levels of cPLIN2 do not change with age, but women have higher levels of cPLIN2 with respect to men; ii. cPLIN2 levels strongly correlate to BMI, as well as fat and lean mass; iii. cPLIN2 levels strongly correlate with the proinflammatory adipokine leptin. Due to the adipogenic activity of leptin, it is hypothesized that cPLIN2 is affected and possibly regulated by this pleiotropic adipokine. Moreover, these results suggest that cPLIN2 (possibly together with leptin) could be assumed as a proxy for body adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Conte
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Interdepartmental Center "Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate)", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Aurelia Santoro
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Salvatore Collura
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Morena Martucci
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Battista
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Bazzocchi
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Morsiani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica Sevini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Miriam Capri
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Interdepartmental Center "Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate)", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniela Monti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Laboratory of Systems Medicine of Healthy Aging and Department of Applied Mathematics, Lobachevsky University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Stefano Salvioli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Interdepartmental Center "Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate)", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Exercise improves lipid droplet metabolism disorder through activation of AMPK-mediated lipophagy in NAFLD. Life Sci 2021; 273:119314. [PMID: 33667513 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM To emphasize the mechanism of the effect of exercise on lipid droplet (LD) metabolism disorder in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). MAIN METHODS C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into three groups: The first group was fed with a normal diet (CON), the second group was fed a high-fat diet (HF), and finally group with a high-fat diet intervention and swim training (HF-EX). The total intervention period was 16 weeks. RT-PCR and Western blot were performed to evaluate the effect of exercise on LDs metabolism and the AMPK pathway. Histopathological examinations and immunofluorescence were performed to evaluate the lipid deposition and lipophagy in the liver. KEY FINDINGS Exercise reduced liver steatosis and insulin resistance along with the stimulation of AMPK/SIRT1 signaling and downstream regulation of lipid metabolism. In addition, exercise increased the expression of autophagy marker and colocalization of LC3 and LAMP1 with LDs. SIGNIFICANCE Exercise stimulated AMPK/SIRT1 and activated lipophagy in NAFLD. Enhancing lipophagy may be one of the key mechanisms of regulation and resolution of NAFLD by exercise.
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Orlicky DJ, Guess MK, Bales ES, Rascoff LG, Arruda JS, Hutchinson-Colas JA, Johnson J, Connell KA. Using the novel pelvic organ prolapse histologic quantification system to identify phenotypes in uterosacral ligaments in women with pelvic organ prolapse. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2021; 224:67.e1-67.e18. [PMID: 33130030 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pelvic organ prolapse is common, but the underlying etiologies are poorly understood, which limits our current prevention and treatment options. OBJECTIVE Our primary objective was to compare the uterosacral ligament histologic features in women with and without prolapse using the novel pelvic organ prolapse histologic quantification system. Our secondary aim was to determine whether composite histologic findings in uterosacral ligaments are associated with prolapse risk factors. STUDY DESIGN This was a prospective cohort study in which paracervical uterosacral ligament biopsies were performed at the time of hysterectomy for primary prolapse or other benign gynecologic indications and processed for histologic evaluation. The pelvic organ prolapse quantification system was used to determine the prolapse stage. In this study, 9 prominent histologic features were semiquantitatively scored using the pelvic organ prolapse histologic quantification system in a blinded fashion and compared between prolapse and control groups. Unbiased principal component analysis of these scores was independently performed to identify potential relationships between histologic measures and prolapse risk factors. RESULTS The histologic scores of 81 prolapse and 33 control ligaments were analyzed. Compared with the control group, women in the prolapse group were significantly older and more likely to be in the menopausal phase. There was no difference in the number of vaginal deliveries, body mass index, hormone use, or smoking status between the groups. To control for baseline differences, patients were also stratified by age over 40 years and menopausal status. Compared with the control group, the prolapse ligaments in the premenopausal group had significantly more loss of smooth muscle fibers within the fascicles (P<.001), increased inflammatory infiltrates of neutrophils within the tissue and perineural inflammatory cells (P<.01 and P=.04, respectively), and reduced neointimal hyperplasia (P=.02). Prolapse ligaments in the postmenopausal group exhibited elevated adipose content compared with that of the control group (P=.05). Amount of fibrillar collagen, total nonvascular smooth muscle, and muscle fiber vesicles of prolapse ligaments did not differ in either the premenopausal or postmenopausal group compared with that of the control group. Unbiased principal component analysis of the histologic scores separated the prolapse ligaments into 3 phenotypes: (1) increased adipose accumulation, (2) increased inflammation, and (3) abnormal vasculature, with variable overlap with controls. Posthoc analysis of these subgroups demonstrated a positive correlation between increasing number of vaginal deliveries and body mass index with increasing adipose content in the adipocyte accumulation and inflammatory phenotype and increasing neointimal hyperplasia in the vascular phenotype. However, only the relationship between vaginal delivery and adipocytes was significant in the adipose phenotype (R2=0.13; P=.04). CONCLUSION Histologic phenotypes exist in pelvic support ligaments that can be distinguished using the pelvic organ prolapse histologic quantification system and principle component analysis. Vaginal delivery is associated with aberrant adipose accumulation in uterosacral ligaments. Our findings support a multifactorial etiology for pelvic organ prolapse contributing to altered smooth muscle, vasculature, and connective tissue content in crucial pelvic support structures. To confirm these associations and evaluate the biomechanical properties of histologic phenotypes of prolapse, larger studies are warranted. Closing this gap in knowledge will help optimize personalized medicine and help identify targets for prevention and treatment of this complex condition.
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Duan M, Wang Z, Guo X, Wang K, Liu S, Zhang B, Shang P. Integrated analysis of transcriptomic and proteomic analyses reveals different metabolic patterns in the livers of Tibetan and Yorkshire pigs. Anim Biosci 2020; 34:922-930. [PMID: 33152227 PMCID: PMC8100475 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.20.0342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Tibetan pigs, predominantly originating from the Tibetan Plateau, have been subjected to long-term natural selection in an extreme environment. To characterize the metabolic adaptations to hypoxic conditions, transcriptomic and proteomic expression patterns in the livers of Tibetan and Yorkshire pigs were compared. Methods RNA and protein were extracted from liver tissue of Tibetan and Yorkshire pigs (n = 3, each). Differentially expressed genes and proteins were subjected to gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes functional enrichment analyses. Results In the RNA-Seq and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation analyses, a total of 18,791 genes and 3,390 proteins were detected and compared. Of these, 273 and 257 differentially expressed genes and proteins were identified. Evidence from functional enrichment analysis showed that many genes were involved in metabolic processes. The combined transcriptomic and proteomic analyses revealed that small molecular biosynthesis, metabolic processes, and organic hydroxyl compound metabolic processes were the major processes operating differently in the two breeds. The important genes include retinol dehydrogenase 16, adenine phosphoribosyltransferase, prenylcysteine oxidase 1, sorbin and SH3 domain containing 2, ENSSSCG00000036224, perilipin 2, ladinin 1, kynurenine aminotransferase 1, and dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1. Conclusion The findings of this study provide novel insight into the high-altitude metabolic adaptation of Tibetan pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Duan
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi, Xizang 86000, China
| | - Zhenmei Wang
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi, Xizang 86000, China
| | - Xinying Guo
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi, Xizang 86000, China
| | - Kejun Wang
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Siyuan Liu
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi, Xizang 86000, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding/Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Peng Shang
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi, Xizang 86000, China
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Playing Jekyll and Hyde-The Dual Role of Lipids in Fatty Liver Disease. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102244. [PMID: 33036257 PMCID: PMC7601321 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids play Jekyll and Hyde in the liver. On the one hand, the lipid-laden status of hepatic stellate cells is a hallmark of healthy liver. On the other hand, the opposite is true for lipid-laden hepatocytes—they obstruct liver function. Neglected lipid accumulation in hepatocytes can progress into hepatic fibrosis, a condition induced by the activation of stellate cells. In their resting state, these cells store substantial quantities of fat-soluble vitamin A (retinyl esters) in large lipid droplets. During activation, these lipid organelles are gradually degraded. Hence, treatment of fatty liver disease is treading a tightrope—unsophisticated targeting of hepatic lipid accumulation might trigger problematic side effects on stellate cells. Therefore, it is of great importance to gain more insight into the highly dynamic lipid metabolism of hepatocytes and stellate cells in both quiescent and activated states. In this review, part of the special issue entitled “Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms underlying the Pathogenesis of Hepatic Fibrosis 2020”, we discuss current and highly versatile aspects of neutral lipid metabolism in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
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45
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Bruce KD, Dobrinskikh E, Wang H, Rudenko I, Gao H, Libby AE, Gorkhali S, Yu T, Zsombok A, Eckel RH. Neuronal Lipoprotein Lipase Deficiency Alters Neuronal Function and Hepatic Metabolism. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10100385. [PMID: 32998280 PMCID: PMC7600143 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10100385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The autonomic regulation of hepatic metabolism offers a novel target for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the molecular characteristics of neurons that regulate the brain-liver axis remain unclear. Since mice lacking neuronal lipoprotein lipase (LPL) develop perturbations in neuronal lipid-sensing and systemic energy balance, we reasoned that LPL might be a component of pre-autonomic neurons involved in the regulation of hepatic metabolism. Here, we show that, despite obesity, mice with reduced neuronal LPL (NEXCreLPLflox (LPL KD)) show improved glucose tolerance and reduced hepatic lipid accumulation with aging compared to wilt type (WT) controls (LPLflox). To determine the effect of LPL deficiency on neuronal physiology, liver-related neurons were identified in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus using the transsynaptic retrograde tracer PRV-152. Patch-clamp studies revealed reduced inhibitory post-synaptic currents in liver-related neurons of LPL KD mice. Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) was used to visualize metabolic changes in LPL-depleted neurons. Quantification of free vs. bound nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) revealed increased glucose utilization and TCA cycle flux in LPL-depleted neurons compared to controls. Global metabolomics from hypothalamic cell lines either deficient in or over-expressing LPL recapitulated these findings. Our data suggest that LPL is a novel feature of liver-related preautonomic neurons in the PVN. Moreover, LPL loss is sufficient to cause changes in neuronal substrate utilization and function, which may precede changes in hepatic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley D. Bruce
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, & Diabetes, Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (H.W.); (I.R.); (S.G.); (T.Y.); (R.H.E.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Evgenia Dobrinskikh
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Hong Wang
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, & Diabetes, Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (H.W.); (I.R.); (S.G.); (T.Y.); (R.H.E.)
| | - Ivan Rudenko
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, & Diabetes, Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (H.W.); (I.R.); (S.G.); (T.Y.); (R.H.E.)
| | - Hong Gao
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (H.G.); (A.Z.)
| | - Andrew E. Libby
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA;
| | - Sachi Gorkhali
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, & Diabetes, Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (H.W.); (I.R.); (S.G.); (T.Y.); (R.H.E.)
| | - Tian Yu
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, & Diabetes, Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (H.W.); (I.R.); (S.G.); (T.Y.); (R.H.E.)
| | - Andrea Zsombok
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (H.G.); (A.Z.)
| | - Robert H. Eckel
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, & Diabetes, Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (H.W.); (I.R.); (S.G.); (T.Y.); (R.H.E.)
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Korovila I, Jung T, Deubel S, Grune T, Ott C. Punicalagin Attenuates Palmitate-Induced Lipid Droplet Content by Simultaneously Improving Autophagy in Hepatocytes. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e2000816. [PMID: 32918380 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Several studies show that excessive lipid intake can cause hepatic steatosis. To investigate lipotoxicity on cellular level, palmitate (PA) is often used to highly increase lipid droplets (LDs). One way to remove LDs is autophagy, while it is controversially discussed if autophagy is also affected by PA. It is aimed to investigate whether PA-induced LD accumulation can impair autophagy and punicalagin, a natural autophagy inducer from pomegranate, can improve it. METHODS AND RESULTS To verify the role of autophagy in LD degradation, HepG2 cells are treated with PA and analyzed for LD and perilipin 2 content in presence of autophagy inducer Torin 1 and inhibitor 3-Methyladenine. PA alone seems to initially induce autophagy-related proteins but impairs autophagic-flux in a time-dependent manner, considering 6 and 24 h PA. To examine whether punicalagin can prevent autophagy impairment, cells are cotreated for 24 h with PA and punicalagin. Results show that punicalagin preserves expression of autophagy-related proteins and autophagic flux, while simultaneously decreasing LDs and perilipin 2. CONCLUSION Data provide new insights into the role of PA-induced excessive LD content on autophagy and suggest autophagy-inducing properties of punicalagin, indicating that punicalagin can be a health-beneficial compound for future research on lipotoxicity in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Korovila
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, 14558, Germany
| | - Tobias Jung
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, 14558, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Berlin, Berlin, 13347, Germany
| | - Stefanie Deubel
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, 14558, Germany
| | - Tilman Grune
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, 14558, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Berlin, Berlin, 13347, Germany.,Institute of Nutrition, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, 14558, Germany.,NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, Cluster-Office NutriAct, Nuthetal, 14558, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Christiane Ott
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, 14558, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Berlin, Berlin, 13347, Germany
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Nocetti D, Espinosa A, Pino-De la Fuente F, Sacristán C, Bucarey JL, Ruiz P, Valenzuela R, Chouinard-Watkins R, Pepper I, Troncoso R, Puente L. Lipid droplets are both highly oxidized and Plin2-covered in hepatocytes of diet-induced obese mice. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020; 45:1368-1376. [PMID: 32585124 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic high-fat diet feeding is associated with obesity and accumulation of fat in the liver, leading to the development of insulin resistance and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. This condition is characterized by the presence of a high number of intrahepatic lipid droplets (LDs), with changes in the perilipin pattern covering them. This work aimed to describe the distribution of perilipin (Plin) 2, an LD-associated protein involved in neutral lipid storage, and Plin5, which favors lipid oxidation in LD, and to evaluate lipid peroxidation through live-cell visualization using the lipophilic fluorescent probe C11-BODIPY581/591 in fresh hepatocytes isolated from mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Male C57BL/6J adult mice were divided into control and HFD groups and fed with a control diet (10% fat, 20% protein, and 70% carbohydrates) or an HFD (60% fat, 20% protein, and 20% carbohydrates) for 8 weeks. The animals fed the HFD showed a significant increase of Plin2 in LD of hepatocytes. LD from HFD-fed mice have a stronger lipid peroxidation level than control hepatocytes. These data provide evidence that obesity status is accompanied by a higher degree of lipid peroxidation in hepatocytes, both in the cytoplasm and in the fats stored inside the LD. Novelty Our study shows that lipid droplets from isolated hepatocytes in HFD-fed mice have a stronger lipid peroxidation level than control hepatocytes. C11-BODIPY581/591 is a useful tool to measure the initial level of intracellular lipid peroxidation in single isolated hepatocytes. Perilipins pattern changes with HFD feeding, showing an increase of Plin2 covering lipid droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Nocetti
- Departamento de Tecnología Médica, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1010069, Chile.,Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Alejandra Espinosa
- Departamento de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380463, Chile.,Escuela de Medicina, Campus San Felipe, Universidad de Valparaíso, San Felipe 2340000, Chile.,Center for Studies of Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380463, Chile
| | | | - Camila Sacristán
- Departamento de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - José Luis Bucarey
- Escuela de Medicina, Campus San Felipe, Universidad de Valparaíso, San Felipe 2340000, Chile
| | - Paulina Ruiz
- Departamento de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Valenzuela
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Raphaël Chouinard-Watkins
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Inés Pepper
- Departamento de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Troncoso
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Nutrición y Actividad Física (LABINAF), Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile
| | - Luis Puente
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380494, Chile
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48
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Santos FO, Correia BRO, Marinho TS, Barbosa-da-Silva S, Mandarim-de-Lacerda CA, Souza-Mello V. Anti-steatotic linagliptin pleiotropic effects encompasses suppression of de novo lipogenesis and ER stress in high-fat-fed mice. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 509:110804. [PMID: 32259637 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of linagliptin treatment on hepatic energy metabolism and ER stress in high-fat-fed C57BL/6 mice. METHODS Forty male C57BL/6 mice, three months of age, received a control diet (C, 10% of lipids as energy, n = 20) or high-fat diet (HF, 50% of lipids as energy, n = 20) for 10 weeks. The groups were randomly subdivided into four groups to receive linagliptin, for five weeks, at a dose of 30 mg/kg/day added to the diets: C, C-L, HF, and HF-L groups. RESULTS The HF group showed higher body mass, total and hepatic cholesterol levels and total and hepatic triacylglycerol levels than the C group, all of which were significantly diminished by linagliptin in the HF-L group. The HF group had higher hepatic steatosis than the C group, whereas linagliptin markedly reduced the hepatic steatosis (less 52%, P < 0.001). The expression of Sirt1 and Pgc1a was more significant in the HF-L group than in the HF group. Linagliptin also elicited enhanced GLP-1 concentrations and a reduction in the expression of the lipogenic genes Fas and Srebp1c. Besides, HF-L showed a reduction in the genes related to endoplasmic reticulum stress Chop, Atf4, and Gadd45 coupled with reduced apoptotic nuclei immunostaining. CONCLUSION Linagliptin caused a marked reduction in hepatic steatosis as a secondary effect of its glucose-lowering property. NAFLD countering involved reduced lipogenesis, increased beta-oxidation, and relief in endoplasmic reticulum stress, leading to reduced apoptosis and better preservation of the hepatic structure. Therefore, linagliptin may be used, preferably in diabetic patients, to avoid the progression of hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F O Santos
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - B R O Correia
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - T S Marinho
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sandra Barbosa-da-Silva
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Mandarim-de-Lacerda
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Souza-Mello
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Abstract
Milk-secreting epithelial cells of the mammary gland are functionally specialized for the synthesis and secretion of large quantities of neutral lipids, a major macronutrient in milk from most mammals. Milk lipid synthesis and secretion are hormonally regulated and secretion occurs by a unique apocrine mechanism. Neutral lipids are synthesized and packaged into perilipin-2 (PLIN2) coated cytoplasmic lipid droplets within specialized cisternal domains of rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Continued lipid synthesis by ER membrane enzymes and lipid droplet fusion contribute to the large size of these cytoplasmic lipid droplets (5–15 μm in diameter). Lipid droplets are directionally trafficked within the epithelial cell to the apical plasma membrane. Upon contact, a molecular docking complex assembles to tether the droplet to the plasma membrane and facilitate its membrane envelopment. This docking complex consists of the transmembrane protein, butyrophilin, the cytoplasmic housekeeping protein, xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidoreductase, the lipid droplet coat proteins, PLIN2, and cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector A. Interactions of mitochondria, Golgi, and secretory vesicles with docked lipid droplets have also been reported and may supply membrane phospholipids, energy, or scaffold cytoskeleton for apocrine secretion of the lipid droplet. Final secretion of lipid droplets into the milk occurs in response to oxytocin-stimulated contraction of myoepithelial cells that surround milk-secreting epithelial cells. The mechanistic details of lipid droplet release are unknown at this time. The final secreted milk fat globule consists of a triglyceride core coated with a phospholipid monolayer and various coat proteins, fully encased in a membrane bilayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenifer Monks
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Mark S Ladinsky
- Division of Biology and Bioengineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - James L McManaman
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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50
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Takahashi S, Luo Y, Ranjit S, Xie C, Libby AE, Orlicky DJ, Dvornikov A, Wang XX, Myakala K, Jones BA, Bhasin K, Wang D, McManaman JL, Krausz KW, Gratton E, Ir D, Robertson CE, Frank DN, Gonzalez FJ, Levi M. Bile acid sequestration reverses liver injury and prevents progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in Western diet-fed mice. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:4733-4747. [PMID: 32075905 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is a rapidly rising problem in the 21st century and is a leading cause of chronic liver disease that can lead to end-stage liver diseases, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular cancer. Despite this rising epidemic, no pharmacological treatment has yet been established to treat this disease. The rapidly increasing prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and its aggressive form, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), requires novel therapeutic approaches to prevent disease progression. Alterations in microbiome dynamics and dysbiosis play an important role in liver disease and may represent targetable pathways to treat liver disorders. Improving microbiome properties or restoring normal bile acid metabolism may prevent or slow the progression of liver diseases such as NASH. Importantly, aberrant systemic circulation of bile acids can greatly disrupt metabolic homeostasis. Bile acid sequestrants are orally administered polymers that bind bile acids in the intestine, forming nonabsorbable complexes. Bile acid sequestrants interrupt intestinal reabsorption of bile acids, decreasing their circulating levels. We determined that treatment with the bile acid sequestrant sevelamer reversed the liver injury and prevented the progression of NASH, including steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis in a Western diet-induced NASH mouse model. Metabolomics and microbiome analysis revealed that this beneficial effect is associated with changes in the microbiota population and bile acid composition, including reversing microbiota complexity in cecum by increasing Lactobacillus and decreased Desulfovibrio The net effect of these changes was improvement in liver function and markers of liver injury and the positive effects of reversal of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Takahashi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., 20057.,National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Yuhuan Luo
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Suman Ranjit
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., 20057.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Cen Xie
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Andrew E Libby
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., 20057
| | - David J Orlicky
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Alexander Dvornikov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Xiaoxin X Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., 20057
| | - Komuraiah Myakala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., 20057
| | - Bryce A Jones
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., 20057.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., 20057
| | - Kanchan Bhasin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., 20057
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - James L McManaman
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045.,Graduate Program in Integrated Physiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Kristopher W Krausz
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Enrico Gratton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Diana Ir
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Charles E Robertson
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Daniel N Frank
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Moshe Levi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., 20057
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