1
|
Li M, Li X, Shi Y, Jiang Y, Xue R, Zhang Q. Soil enzyme activity mediated organic carbon mineralization due to soil erosion in long gentle sloping farmland in the black soil region. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 929:172417. [PMID: 38631633 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Soil erosion plays a crucial role in soil organic carbon (SOC) redistribution and mineralization. Meanwhile, the soil extracellular enzymes (EEs) drive C mineralization. However, the response of soil EEs mediated SOC mineralization to soil erosion remains unclear. We investigated the SOC and soil EEs distribution in long gentle sloping farmland (LGSF) under slop-ridge tillage (SRT) and cross-ridge tillage (CRT) in the black soil region (BSR) of northeast China. The results indicated that the SOC mineralization at the upper slope position was higher than that on the toe-slope (133 % ∼ 340 %) under CRT. However, for SRT, SOC mineralization on the back-slope was 126 % and 164 % higher than on the summit- and shoulder-slope. The SOC, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content, and β-glucosidase (BG) activities underwent spatial migration and deposition in the lower region under both tillage practices. As for CRT, the SOC content of the back-slope was 19.21 % higher than on the summit-slope, while the DOC content at the back-slope was 29.20 % higher than on the toe-slope. The BG activity was the highest at the toe-slope, followed by the foot-and back-slope, which were 41.74 %-74.73 % higher than at the summit-slope. As for SRT, the SOC, DOC, and BG activities on the back-slope were significantly higher than other slope positions (P < 0.05). The SOC on the back-slope were 47.82 % and 31.72 % higher than those on the summit- and shoulder-slope, respectively. The DOC and BG on the back-slope were 10.98 % and 67.78 % higher than on the summit-slope. The soil EES results indicated strong C and P limitation. Spatial differences in soil C distribution resulted in a significant positive correlation between C limitation and mineralization. This indicated that soil C and nutrient distribution under different slope positions driven by soil erosion, leading to soil nutrient limitation, is a key factor influencing spatial differences in C sources or sinks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengni Li
- Agricultural Clean Watershed Group, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, CAAS, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xueliang Li
- Agricultural Clean Watershed Group, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, CAAS, Beijing 100081, China; College of Resources and Environment Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yulong Shi
- Agricultural Clean Watershed Group, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, CAAS, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuanke Jiang
- Agricultural Clean Watershed Group, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, CAAS, Beijing 100081, China; College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Runyu Xue
- Agricultural Clean Watershed Group, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, CAAS, Beijing 100081, China; College of Resources and Environment Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Qingwen Zhang
- Agricultural Clean Watershed Group, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, CAAS, Beijing 100081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Spotorno S, Gobin A, Vanongeval F, Del Borghi A, Gallo M. Carbon Farming practices assessment: Modelling spatial changes of Soil Organic Carbon in Flanders, Belgium. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 922:171267. [PMID: 38423338 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Carbon sequestration in soils is a strategy to mitigate climate change and promote sustainable soil management. Since the European Union (EU) stimulates the reduction of greenhouse gases (GHG) from the atmosphere, the necessity to explore innovative approaches to sequester carbon in agricultural landscapes is becoming urgent. Carbon Farming (CF) has emerged as a promising program to mitigate climate change in agriculture but there is still a lack of agreement on which tools can be used to calculate Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) dynamics in this context. Using the RothC model a spatial analysis of SOC in the agricultural parcels of Flanders, Belgium was performed. Two among the various CF practices were simulated: a use of cover crops (CC) and the most common crop rotations adopted in the area, enriched with the use of cover crops. The performances of the model were evaluated and compared to other studies in areas with similar climate and environments. The selected CF practices can mitigate the carbon emissions from agricultural soils up to 60 % of the current projections. The most sensitive variables in the RothC model that affect the final total SOC, and thus determining the model outcome, are the Business As Usual (BAU) carbon inputs and the initial carbon content. For these variables the Pearson Correlation Coefficient with the change in SOC reached values of -0.78 and -0.50 respectively. To achieve net carbon sequestration in the agricultural soils of Flanders, Belgium, more effective solutions need to be evaluated. Furthermore, a larger amount and accessibility of data are required to reach better modelling performances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Spotorno
- Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering (DICCA), University of Genoa, Via Opera Pia 15, Genova 16145, Italy; University School for Advanced Studies IUSS, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Anne Gobin
- Division of Soil and Water Management, Department of Earth- and Environmental Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Fien Vanongeval
- Division of Soil and Water Management, Department of Earth- and Environmental Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Adriana Del Borghi
- Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering (DICCA), University of Genoa, Via Opera Pia 15, Genova 16145, Italy
| | - Michela Gallo
- Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering (DICCA), University of Genoa, Via Opera Pia 15, Genova 16145, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Luo X, Risal A, Qi J, Lee S, Zhang X, Alfieri JG, McCarty GW. Modeling lateral carbon fluxes for agroecosystems in the Mid-Atlantic region: Control factors and importance for carbon budget. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169128. [PMID: 38070562 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Estimating lateral carbon fluxes in agroecosystems presents challenges due to intricate anthropogenic and biophysical interactions. We used a modeling technique to enhance our comprehension of the determinants influencing lateral carbon fluxes and their significance in agroecosystem carbon budgets. The SWAT-C model was refined by incorporating a dynamic dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) module, enhancing our ability to accurately quantify total lateral carbon fluxes. This improved model was calibrated using observed data on riverine particulate organic carbon (POC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) fluxes, as well as net ecosystem exchange (NEE) data monitored by a flux tower situated in a representative agricultural watershed, the Tuckahoe Watershed (TW) of the Chesapeake Bay's coastal plain. We assessed the losses of POC, DOC, and DIC across five primary rotation types: C (continuous carbon), CS (corn-soybean), CSS (corn-soybean-soybean), CWS (corn-wheat-soybean), and CWSCS (corn-wheat-soybean-corn-soybean). Our study revealed notable variations in the average annual fluxes of POC (ranging between 152 and 198 kg ha-1), DOC (74-85 kg ha-1), and DIC (93-156 kg ha-1) across the five rotation types. The primary influencing factor for annual POC fluxes was identified as sediment yield. While both annual DOC and DIC fluxes displayed a marked correlation with surface runoff across all crop rotation schemes, soil respiration also significantly influenced annual DIC fluxes. Total lateral carbon fluxes (POC + DOC+DIC) constituted roughly 11 % of both net ecosystem production (NEP) and NEE, yet they represented a striking 95 % of net biome production (NBP) in the TW's agroecosystem. Grain yield carbon accounted for 80 % of both NEP and NEE and was nearly seven times that of NBP. Our findings suggest that introducing soybeans into cornfields tends to reduce NEP, NEE, and also NBP. Conversely, integrating winter wheat into the corn-soybean rotation significantly boosted NEP, NEE, and NBP values, with NBP even surpassing the levels in continuous corn cultivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Luo
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, 5825 University Research Ct, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - Avay Risal
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, 5825 University Research Ct, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - Junyu Qi
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, 5825 University Research Ct, College Park, MD 20740, USA.
| | - Sangchul Lee
- School of Environmental Engineering, 34-2, Seoulsiripdae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02543, Republic of Korea
| | - Xuesong Zhang
- USDA-ARS Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA
| | - Joseph G Alfieri
- USDA-ARS Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA
| | - Gregory W McCarty
- USDA-ARS Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Guo G, Li X, Kuai J, Zhang X, Peng X, Xu Y, Zeng G, Liu J, Zhang C, Lin J. Estimation of annual soil CO 2 efflux under the erosion and deposition conditions by measuring and modeling its respiration rate in southern China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 351:119686. [PMID: 38043318 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Soil respiration (Rs) is a crucial ecological process of carbon (C) cycling in the terrestrial ecosystems, and soil erosion has a significant impact on its C budget and balance. However, the variations of Rs rate and their CO2 efflux induced by erosion are currently poorly understood. To this end, four landscape positions (top, up, middle and toe) with different erosional and depositional characteristics were selected on a typical eroded slope in southern China to conduct field experiments, aiming to explore the effects of erosion and deposition on Rs among various sites. From March 2021 to February 2022, the in-situ Rs were measured using an automated soil respiration system, together with soil temperature at 5 cm depth (Ts5) and water content at 10 cm depth (SWC10). We initially constructed various Rs models across a one-year period, based on its relationships with Ts5 and SWC10. Subsequently, the seasonal changes of Rs at different erosional sites were simulated by the optimum models, and their annual CO2 fluxes were further estimated. The results showed that Rs rates at all sites displayed a bimodal seasonal pattern, with the highest values in May and August. And the measured Rs of the eroding and depositional sites were 0.05-7.71 and 1.47-13.03 μmol m-2 s-1, respectively. Also, remarkably higher Ts5 and SWC10 were observed in depositional sites versus the eroding sites (P < 0.05). Additionally, Rs rates at all sites were positively correlated with SOC and Ts5, but negatively correlated with SWC10. Herein, Rs models to single- and double-variable were established at different positions, and we found that the fitted R2 and AIC differed on various sites, primarily in erosional and depositional sites. Furthermore, through the best-fitting models (higher R2 and lowest AIC) we screened, the average Rs values of 3.03 and 4.46 μmol m-2 s-1 were quantitatively estimated for the eroding and depositional sites, respectively. Finally, it could be further assessed that the mean annual soil CO2-C efflux of eroded site (1104.14 g m-2) was significantly lower than that of depositional site (1629.46 g m-2). These findings highlighted the effect of erosion and deposition on Rs, which will facilitate a better understanding of C cycling in terrestrial ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geng Guo
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiao Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jie Kuai
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Suzhou Water Conservatory Design and Research Co., Ltd., Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaoying Peng
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yanyin Xu
- Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops, Jinghong, 666100, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Guangruo Zeng
- Academy of Forestry of Ji'an City, Ji'an, 343000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Soil and Water Conservation Center of Xingguo County, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil and Germplasm Resources, Nanchang, 330096, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu L, Qu J, Hu Q, Xu J, Liu E, Li Z. Selective uneven enrichment of soil organic carbon among different-sized sediments under a rain-induced overland flow: 13C stable isotope evidence. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 350:141112. [PMID: 38176587 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Soil organic carbon (SOC) enrichment varies among sediments of different sizes during rain-induced overland flow erosion. This selective transport of SOC is complex in conjunction with the exposure of labile and stable organic carbon (OC), accompanied by heterogeneous aggregate disintegration under raindrop effects. Utilizing the variations in δ13C values of SOC fractions, we traced this selective transport, linking it to aggregate-wrapped SOC changes during erosion. A modified soil pan facilitated the simultaneous monitoring of splash and sheet erosion via artificially simulated rainfall, with control over the intensity and slope. Aggregate composition, SOC distribution, and δ13C values in the erosion samples were analyzed. The results indicated that distinct sorting existed within the aggregate fragments. Along with SOC variation among different sediment sizes, the proportions of clay and fine silt within sediment aggregates increased as a function of slope and rainfall intensity, whereas particulate OC within aggregates decreased. The SOC enrichment ratios (ERocs) and δ13C values in splash-eroded sediments were positively correlated with those in sheet-eroded sediments. The ERocs in splash-eroded sediments were lower than those in sheet-eroded sediments, but δ13C values were the opposite. Moreover, δ13C values of SOC enriched in sediment particles of all sizes from aggregate stripping were lower than those of the original soil. This indicates that raindrop hits promote heavy C loss during sheet erosion, which is different for mineral-associated and particulate OC. As the slope and rainfall intensity increased, δ13C values for all sediment sizes decreased over the course of erosion. Interestingly, the highest δ13C values were observed under a rainfall intensity of 60 mm h-1, whereas the highest SOC concentrations were noted on a 5° slope. These observations suggest divergent mechanisms affect δ13C values and SOC concentrations in eroded sediments. All these results verified that selective sorting existed for the light SOC fraction. Finally, the internal selective transport of one SOC fraction may explain the enhanced mineralization and reaggregation capacity of the deposited sediments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, PR China.
| | - Jiuqi Qu
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, PR China
| | - Qianping Hu
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, PR China
| | - Jinling Xu
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, PR China.
| | - Enfeng Liu
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, PR China
| | - Zijun Li
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ringeval B, Demay J, Goll DS, He X, Wang YP, Hou E, Matej S, Erb KH, Wang R, Augusto L, Lun F, Nesme T, Borrelli P, Helfenstein J, McDowell RW, Pletnyakov P, Pellerin S. A global dataset on phosphorus in agricultural soils. Sci Data 2024; 11:17. [PMID: 38167392 PMCID: PMC10762041 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02751-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous drivers such as farming practices, erosion, land-use change, and soil biogeochemical background, determine the global spatial distribution of phosphorus (P) in agricultural soils. Here, we revised an approach published earlier (called here GPASOIL-v0), in which several global datasets describing these drivers were combined with a process model for soil P dynamics to reconstruct the past and current distribution of P in cropland and grassland soils. The objective of the present update, called GPASOIL-v1, is to incorporate recent advances in process understanding about soil inorganic P dynamics, in datasets to describe the different drivers, and in regional soil P measurements for benchmarking. We trace the impact of the update on the reconstructed soil P. After the update we estimate a global averaged inorganic labile P of 187 kgP ha-1 for cropland and 91 kgP ha-1 for grassland in 2018 for the top 0-0.3 m soil layer, but these values are sensitive to the mineralization rates chosen for the organic P pools. Uncertainty in the driver estimates lead to coefficients of variation of 0.22 and 0.54 for cropland and grassland, respectively. This work makes the methods for simulating the agricultural soil P maps more transparent and reproducible than previous estimates, and increases the confidence in the new estimates, while the evaluation against regional dataset still suggests rooms for further improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Ringeval
- ISPA, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France.
| | - Josephine Demay
- ISPA, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Daniel S Goll
- Université Paris Saclay, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, LSCE/IPSL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Xianjin He
- Université Paris Saclay, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, LSCE/IPSL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Enqing Hou
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sarah Matej
- Institute of Social Ecology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karl-Heinz Erb
- Institute of Social Ecology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Laurent Augusto
- ISPA, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Fei Lun
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Thomas Nesme
- ISPA, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Pasquale Borrelli
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, 00146, Rome, Italy
- Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Julian Helfenstein
- Soil Geography and Landscape Group, University of Wageningen, Wageningen, 6700AA, The Netherlands
| | - Richard W McDowell
- AgResearch, Lincoln Science Centre, Private Bag 4749, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, PO Box 84, 7647, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Peter Pletnyakov
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, PO Box 84, 7647, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Sylvain Pellerin
- ISPA, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang J, He J, Jia L, Gu H. Integrating metagenomics and metabolomics to study the response of microbiota in black soil degradation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 899:165486. [PMID: 37442461 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
As the largest commercial food production base and ecological security barrier, land degradation in black soil areas seriously threatens the global food supply and natural ecosystems. Therefore, determining the response of soil microbiota is crucial to restoring degraded soils. This study combined metagenomics and metabolomics to investigate the effect of different degrees of soil degradation on microbial community composition and metabolic function in black soils. It was found that alpha diversity in degraded soils (Shannon: 22.3) was higher than in nondegraded soil (ND) (Shannon: 21.8), and the degree of degradation significantly altered the structure and composition of soil microbial communities. The results of LEfSe analysis obtained 9 (ND), 7 (lightly degraded, LD), 10 (moderately degraded, MD), and 1 (severely degraded, SD) biomarkers in four samples. Bradyrhizobium, Sphingomonas, and Ramlibacter were significantly affected by soil degradation and can be considered biomarkers of ND, MD, and SD, respectively. Soil nutrient and enzyme activities decreased significantly with increasing black soil degradation, soil organic matter (SOM) content decreased from 11.12 % to 1.97 %, and Sucrase decreased from 23.53 to 6.59 mg/g/d. In addition, C was the critical driver affecting microbial community structure, contributing 61.2 % to differences in microbial community distribution, and microbial altering relative abundance which participle in the carbon cycle to respond to soil degradation. Metabolomic analyses indicated that soil degradation significantly modified the soil metabolite spectrum, and the metabolic functions of most microorganisms responding to soil degradation were adversely affected. The combined multi-omics analysis further indicated that biomarkers dominate in accumulating metabolites. These findings confirmed that due to their role in the composition and functioning of these degraded soils, these biomarkers could be employed in strategies for managing and restoring degraded black soils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yang
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jianhu He
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Lin Jia
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Huiyan Gu
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dai Q, Zhu J, Lv G, Kalin L, Yao Y, Zhang J, Han D. Radar remote sensing reveals potential underestimation of rainfall erosivity at the global scale. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg5551. [PMID: 37556540 PMCID: PMC10411884 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg5551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Rainfall kinetic energy (RKE) constitutes one of the most critical factors that drive rainfall erosivity on surface soil. Direct measurements of RKE are limited, relying instead on the empirical relations between kinetic energy and rainfall intensity (KE-I relation), which have not been well regionalized for data-scarce regions. Here, we present the first global rainfall microphysics-based RKE (RKEMPH) flux retrieved from radar reflectivity at different frequencies. The results suggest that RKEMPH flux outperforms the RKE estimates derived from a widely used empirical KE-I relation (RKEKE-I) validated using ground disdrometers. We found a potentially widespread underestimation of RKEKE-I, which is especially prominent in some low-income countries with ~20% underestimation of RKE and the resultant rainfall erosivity. Given the evidence that these countries are subject to greater rainfall-induced soil erosion, these underestimations would mislead conservation practices for sustainable development of terrestrial ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Dai
- Key Laboratory of VGE of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingxuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of VGE of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Guonian Lv
- Key Laboratory of VGE of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Latif Kalin
- College of Forestry, Wildlife and Environment, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Yuanzhi Yao
- College of Forestry, Wildlife and Environment, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
- School of Geographic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of VGE of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Dawei Han
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Miah O, Roy A, Sakib AA, Niloy NM, Haque MM, Shammi M, Tareq SM. Diurnal and seasonal variations of pCO 2 and fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) in different polluted lakes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:92720-92735. [PMID: 37495806 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28878-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess pollution and daily-to-seasonal dynamics of the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) and CO2 degassing flux concerning the fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) from tropical lakes. A membrane-enclosed pCO2 sensor and water quality multimeter analyzer was deployed to continuously record daily and seasonal variations in pCO2 and CO2 degassing flux in three lakes in Savar, Dhaka. During both wet and dry seasons, all lake water was supersaturated with CO2 in contrast to the atmospheric equilibrium (~400 μatm). The pCO2 values in the lake water during the dry season were relatively low in comparison, and the pCO2 levels in the wet season were much higher due to external inputs of organic matter from watersheds and direct inputs of CO2 from soils or wetlands. The estimated water-to-air CO2 degassing flux in the different levels of polluted lakes varies with the pollution context. Study areas calculated the carbon flux and three lakes released respectively 86.75×107g CO2 year-1, 13.8×107g CO2 year-1, and 9.17×107g CO2 year-1. Three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy combined with parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis was used to investigate the distributions of fluorescent components in DOM. EEM-PARAFAC analysis identified humic-like, fulvic-like, protein-like, and more tyrosine-like FDOM components and their environmental dynamics. Terrestrial DOM may provide inputs to the terrestrial humic-like component in the lake water. In contrast, the biological activity of plankton-derived FDOM is the most likely source for the autochthonous humic-like component. FDOM and DO concentrations have negative correlations with pCO2, indicating that when the FDOM and DO level is decreased, the amount of pCO2 values increases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Osman Miah
- Hydrobiogeochemistry and Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh
| | - Avik Roy
- Hydrobiogeochemistry and Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh
| | - Abid Azad Sakib
- Hydrobiogeochemistry and Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh
| | - Nahin Mostofa Niloy
- Hydrobiogeochemistry and Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh
- Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Md Morshedul Haque
- Hydrobiogeochemistry and Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Bangladesh University of Textiles, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mashura Shammi
- Hydrobiogeochemistry and Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh.
| | - Shafi M Tareq
- Hydrobiogeochemistry and Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
de Oliveira Fagundes H, de Paiva RCD, Brêda JPLF, Fassoni-Andrade AC, Borrelli P, Fan FM. An assessment of South American sediment fluxes under climate changes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 879:163056. [PMID: 36990241 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Climate change can affect all levels of society and the planet. Recent studies have shown its effects on sediment fluxes in several locations worldwide, which can impact ecosystems and infrastructure such as reservoirs. In this study, we focused on simulating sediment fluxes using projections of future climate change for South America (SA), a continent with a high sediment transport rate to the oceans. Here, we used four climate change data yielded by the Eta Regional Climate Model: Eta-BESM, Eta-CanESM2, Eta-HadGEM2-ES, and Eta-MIROC5. In addition, it was evaluated the RCP4.5 greenhouse gas emissions scenario from CMIP5, which represents a moderate scenario. Climate change data between 1961 and 1995 (past) and 2021 and 2055 (future) were used to simulate and compare changes that may occur in water and sediment fluxes using the hydrological-hydrodynamic and sediment model MGB-SED AS. The Eta climate projections provided input data to MGB-SED AS model, such as precipitation, air surface temperature, incident solar radiation, relative humidity, wind speed, and atmospheric pressure. Our results showed sediment fluxes are expected to reduce (increase) in north-central (south-central) SA. While a sediment transport (QST) increase >30 % might occur, a 28 % decrease is expected to occur in the water discharge for the main SA basins. The most significant QST reductions were estimated for the Doce (-54 %), Tocantins (-49 %), and Xingu (-34 %) rivers, while the most significant increases were estimated for the Upper Paraná (409 %), Juruá (46 %), and Uruguay (40 %) rivers. We also observed that different climate change signals over large basins can impact the river water composition, which could lead to a new composition of the Amazon basin waters in the future, accompanied by a significant increase in sediment concentration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo de Oliveira Fagundes
- Hydraulic Research Institute, Federal Univerisity of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Cauduro Dias de Paiva
- Hydraulic Research Institute, Federal Univerisity of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Alice César Fassoni-Andrade
- Hydraulic Research Institute, Federal Univerisity of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Institute of Geosciences, University of Brasília (UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Pasquale Borrelli
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Environmental Geosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy
| | - Fernando Mainardi Fan
- Hydraulic Research Institute, Federal Univerisity of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Feeney CJ, Robinson DA, Thomas ARC, Borrelli P, Cooper DM, May L. Agricultural practices drive elevated rates of topsoil decline across Kenya, but terracing and reduced tillage can reverse this. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 870:161925. [PMID: 36736388 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As agricultural land area increases to feed an expanding global population, soil erosion will likely accelerate, generating unsustainable losses of soil and nutrients. This is critical for Kenya where cropland expansion and nutrient loading from runoff and erosion is contributing to eutrophication of freshwater ecosystems and desertification. We used the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) to predict soil erosion rates under present land cover and potential natural vegetation nationally across Kenya. Simulating natural vegetation conditions allows the degree to which erosion rates are elevated under current land use practices to be determined. This methodology exploits new digital soil maps and two vegetation cover maps to model topsoil (top 20 cm) erosion rates, lifespans (the mass of topsoil divided by erosion rate), and lateral nutrient fluxes (nutrient concentration times erosion rate) under both scenarios. We estimated the mean soil erosion rate under current land cover at ~5.5 t ha-1 yr-1, ~3 times the rate estimated for natural vegetation cover (~1.8 t ha-1 yr-1), and equivalent to ~320 Mt yr-1 of topsoil lost nationwide. Under present erosion rates, ~8.8 Mt, ~315 Kt, and ~ 110 Kt of soil organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous are lost from soil every year, respectively. Further, 5.3 % of topsoils (~3.1 Mha), including at >25 % of croplands, have short lifespans (<100 years). Additional scenarios were tested that assume combinations of terracing and reduced tillage practices were adopted on croplands to mitigate erosion. Establishing bench terraces with zoned tillage could reduce soil losses by ≥75 %; up to 87.1 t ha-1 yr-1. These reductions are comparable to converting croplands to natural vegetation, demonstrating most agricultural soils can be conserved successfully. Extensive long-term monitoring of croplands with terraces and reduced tillage established is required to verify the efficacy of these agricultural support practices as indicated by our modelling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Feeney
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK.
| | - David A Robinson
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Amy R C Thomas
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Pasquale Borrelli
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Viale Guglielmo Marconi, 446, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - David M Cooper
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Linda May
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 OQB, UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hou T, Blair NE, Papanicolaou ANT, Filley TR. Storm pulse responses of fluvial organic carbon to seasonal source supply and transport controls in a midwestern agricultural watershed. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 869:161647. [PMID: 36669670 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Storm events are the primary mechanisms of delivering fluvial organic carbon (OC) in both dissolved (DOC) and particulate (POC) forms but their sources and flow pathways can vary with seasonal land use and weather. Within the low relief and poorly drained landscapes of a predominantly agricultural watershed in Eastern Iowa, six storm events were monitored for DOC and POC concentrations over a two hydrological year period in order to investigate the export mechanisms, landscape connectivity, and hydro-climatological controls of fluvial OC under representative events and associated management practices. Event-driven dynamics favored POC over DOC, where POC accounted for 54-94 % of total OC export during events, highlighting a sampling-driven bias against POC in the absence of event monitoring. The disparity between POC and DOC export exhibited a seasonal effect, where the POC:DOC export ratio was low (1.3-1.7) for October events while June/July events yielded a much higher value (up to a value of 14.7). The relationships between event DOC and POC export, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index of landscapes, and antecedent wetness conditions suggest a strong interaction or competing influences between vegetation coverage and runoff-generation threshold. While we recognize the low statistical power of the limited data set (n = 6), the storm events could be binned into two clusters: a "bare soil" period and a crop "rapid growth" period. Specifically, intra-storm variations in OC concentration and concentration-discharge (C-Q) hysteresis patterns demonstrated a seasonally-dependent access to contributing OC sources, which can be viewed as the rapid liberation of DOC during the "bare soil" period, and a progressive leaching of terrestrial DOC during the "rapid growth" period. Although high resolution event monitoring of fluvial carbon is rare this work highlights the importance of such efforts to predict C sourcing and transformation in inland water systems under variable land use and across seasons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingyu Hou
- Department of Geography and Environmental Sustainability, the School of Geosciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Neal E Blair
- Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering, and Earth and Planetary Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | | | - Timothy R Filley
- Department of Geography and Environmental Sustainability, the School of Geosciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu T, Liu X, Pan Q, Liu S, Feng X. Hydrodynamic and geochemical controls on soil carbon mineralization upon entry into aquatic systems. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 229:119499. [PMID: 36549186 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Erosion is the most widespread form of soil degradation and an important pathway of carbon transfer from land into aquatic systems, with significant impact on water quality and carbon cycle. However, it remains debatable whether erosion induces a carbon source or sink, and the fate of eroded soil carbon in aquatic systems remains poorly constrained. Here, we collect 41 representative soils from seven erosion-influenced basins and conduct microcosm simulation experiments to examine the fate of soil carbon under three different scenarios. We showed that soil carbon mineralization was generally promoted (by up to 10 times) in water under turbulence relative to in soils, but suppressed under static conditions upon entering into aquatic systems. Moreover, the enhancement of mineralization in turbulent systems is primarily related to soil aggregate content, while suppression in static systems positively relates to macromolecule abundance, indicating that soil geochemistry affects the magnitude of hydrodynamic effects on carbon mineralization. Random forest model further predicts that erosion may induce significant carbon sources in basins dominated by turbulent waters and aggregate-rich soils. Our findings demonstrate hydrodynamic and geochemical controls on soil carbon mineralization upon delivery into aquatic systems, which is a non-negligible part of the boundless carbon cycle and must be considered when making region-specific conservation strategies to reduce CO2 emissions from inland waters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qi Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shaoda Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojuan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Xiao T, Ran F, Li Z, Wang S, Nie X, Liu Y, Yang C, Tan M, Feng S. Sediment organic carbon dynamics response to land use change in diverse watershed anthropogenic activities. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 172:107788. [PMID: 36738584 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Sediment organic carbon (SOC) is a precious archive that synthesizes anthropogenic processes that remove geochemical fluxes from watersheds. However, the scarcity of inspection about the dynamic mechanisms of anthropogenic activities on SOC limits understanding into how key human factors drive carbon dynamics. Here, four typical basins with similar natural but significantly diverse human contexts (high-moderate-low disturbance: XJ-ZS and YJ-LS) were selected to reconstruct sedimentation rates (SR) and SOC dynamics nearly a century based on 200-cm corers. A partial least squares path model (PLS-PM) was used to establish successive (70 years) and multiple anthropogenic data (population, agriculture, land use, etc.) quantification methods for SOC. Intensified anthropogenic disturbances shifted all SR from pre-stable to post-1960s fluctuating increases (total coefficient: high: 0.63 < low: 0.47 < medium: 0.45). Although land use change was co-critical driver of SOC variations, their trend and extent differed under the dams and other disturbances (SOC mutated in high-moderate but stable in low). For high basin, land use changes increased (0.12) but dams reduced (-0.10) the downstream SOC. Furthermore, SOC mutation corresponded to soil erosion due to urbanization in both periods A and B. For moderate, SOC was reversed with the increase in afforestation and cropland (-0.19) due to the forest excitation effect and deep ploughing, which corresponded to the drought in phase B and the anthropogenic ecological project in A. For low, the increase in SOC corresponded to the Great Leap Forward deforestation in period B and the reed sweep in A, which suggested the minor land change substantially affected (0.16) SOC in fragile environments. Overall, SOC dynamics revealed that anthropogenic activities affected terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems for near the centenary, especially land use. This is constructive for agroforestry management and reservoir construction, consistent with expectations like upstream carbon sequestration and downstream carbon stabilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xiao
- School of Geographical Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China; Key Laboratory of Subtropical Ecology and Environmental Change, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Fengwei Ran
- School of Geographical Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China; Key Laboratory of Subtropical Ecology and Environmental Change, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Zhongwu Li
- School of Geographical Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China; Key Laboratory of Subtropical Ecology and Environmental Change, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China; College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Shilan Wang
- School of Geographical Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China; Key Laboratory of Subtropical Ecology and Environmental Change, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Nie
- School of Geographical Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China; Key Laboratory of Subtropical Ecology and Environmental Change, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China.
| | - Yaojun Liu
- School of Geographical Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China; Key Laboratory of Subtropical Ecology and Environmental Change, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Changrong Yang
- School of Geographical Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China; Key Laboratory of Subtropical Ecology and Environmental Change, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Min Tan
- School of Geographical Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Sirui Feng
- School of Geographical Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Phillips CL, Wang R, Mattox C, Trammell TLE, Young J, Kowalewski A. High soil carbon sequestration rates persist several decades in turfgrass systems: A meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159974. [PMID: 36347293 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Managed turfgrass is a common component of urban landscapes that is expanding under current land use trends. Previous studies have reported high rates of soil carbon sequestration in turfgrass, but no systematic review has summarized these rates nor evaluated how they change as turfgrass ages. Here we conducted a meta-analysis of soil carbon sequestration rates from 63 studies globally, comprised mostly of C3 grass species in the U.S., including 24 chronosequence studies that evaluated carbon changes over 75 years or longer. We showed that turfgrass established within the last ten years had a positive mean soil C sequestration rate of 5.3 Mg CO2 ha-1 yr-1 (95% CI = 3.7-6.2), which is higher than rates reported for several soil conservation practices. Areas converted to turfgrass from forests were an exception, sometimes lost soil carbon, and had a cross-study mean sequestration rate that did not differ from 0. In some locations, soil C accumulated linearly with turfgrass age over several decades, but the major trend was for soil C accumulation rates to decline through time, reaching a cross-study mean sequestration rate that was not different from 0 at 50 years. We show that fitting soil C timeseries with a mechanistically derived function rather than purely empirical functions did not alter these conclusions, nor did employing equivalent soil mass versus fixed-depth carbon stock accounting. We conducted a partial greenhouse gas budget that estimated emissions from mowing, N-fertilizer production, and soil N2O emissions. When N fertilizer was applied, average maintenance emissions offset 32% of C sequestration in recently established turfgrass. Potential emission removals by turfgrass can be maximized with reduced-input management. Management decisions that avoid losing accrued soil C-both when turfgrass is first established and when it is eventually replaced with other land-uses-will also help maximize turfgrass C sequestration potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire L Phillips
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Northwest Sustainable Agroecosystems Research Unit, P.O. Box 64621, Pullman, WA 99164, United States of America.
| | - Ruying Wang
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States of America
| | - Clint Mattox
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States of America
| | - Tara L E Trammell
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States of America
| | - Joseph Young
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, United States of America
| | - Alec Kowalewski
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
An S, Chen F, Chen S, Feng M, Jiang M, Xu L, Wen S, Zhang Q, Xu J, Du Y, Zhang Y. In-lake processing counteracts the effect of allochthonous input on the composition of color dissolved organic matter in a deep lake. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 856:158970. [PMID: 36162570 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Color dissolved organic matter (CDOM) plays a key role in lacustrine ecosystems and its composition is commonly mediated by the allochthonous input and autochthonous production. Deep lakes have a strong in-lake processing, which highly affects the sources, composition and cycle of CDOM. Here, the second deepest lake (Lake Fuxian) in China was selected to investigate the effects of allochthonous input and in-lake processing on lacustrine CDOM in deep lakes. Firstly, a detailed survey on CDOM composition across Lake Fuxian in the top water layer and inflowing rivers was carried out in the wet season representing the allochthonous input. In addition, CDOM in Lake Fuxian was compared with those in other lakes with distinct catchment characteristics and lake morphology. The results showed that compared to lacustrine CDOM in Lake Fuxian, the riverine CDOM contained much more humic-like substances, resulting in the humic-like fluorescence intensity peaked at the confluence of rivers into Lake Fuxian. In contrast, CDOM in Lake Fuxian was dominated by the protein-like substance. Comparison of CDOM composition among Lake Fuxian (well-vegetated catchment, deep lakes) with other diverse lakes in China (shallow/deep lakes with poor-vegetated catchment, and shallow lakes with well-vegetated catchment) showed similar CDOM quality in all type lakes, which were dominated by non-humified and autochthonous CDOM. Yet, CDOM quantity increased as the orders of deep lakes within poor-vegetated (Tibetan deep lakes) < the deep lake within well-vegetated catchment (Lake Fuxian) < shallow lakes within poorly-vegetated catchment (Tibetan shallow lakes) < shallow lakes within well-vegetated catchment (lakes along the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River). Our results evidenced that the effect of allochthonous input on CDOM composition could be counteracted by in-lake processing in deep lakes. For deep lakes, a comprehensive understanding of in-lake processing of CDOM is critical for predicting lacustrine DOM composition and cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- ShiLin An
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - FeiZhou Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209, USA; Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - MuHua Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - MingLiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - LiGang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - ShuaiLong Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - QiaoYing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - JinDuo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - YingXun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - YunLin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Certini G, Scalenghe R. The crucial interactions between climate and soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 856:159169. [PMID: 36206907 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Since the birth of soil science, climate has been recognized as a soil-forming factor, along with parent rock, time, topography, and organisms (from which humans were later kept distinct), often prevalent on the other factors on the very long term. But the climate is in turns affected by soils and their management. This paper describes the interrelationships between climate - and its current change - and soil, focusing on each single factor of its formation. Parent material governs, primarily through the particle size distribution, the capacity of soil to retain water and organic matter, which are two main soil-related drivers of the climate. Time is the only unmanageable soil-forming factor; however, extreme climatic phenomena can upset the soil or even dismantle it, so as to slow down the pathway of pedogenesis or even make it start from scratch. Topography, which drives the pedogenesis mostly controlling rainfall distribution - with repercussions also on the climate - is not anymore a given factor because humans have often become a shaper of it. Indeed humans now play a key role in affecting in a plethora of ways those soil properties that most deal with climate. The abundance and diversity of the other organisms are generally positive to soil quality and as a buffer for climate, but there are troubling evidences that climate change is decreasing soil biodiversity. The corpus of researches on mutual feedback between climate and soil has essentially demonstrated that the best soil management in terms of climate change mitigation must aim at promoting vegetation growth and maximizing soil organic matter content and water retention. Some ongoing virtuous initiatives (e.g., the Great Green Wall of Africa) and farming systems (e.g., the conservation agriculture) should be extended as much as possible worldwide to enable the soil to make the greatest contribution to climate change mitigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Certini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali (DAGRI), Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50144 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Scalenghe
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali (SAAF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Alsafadi K, Bi S, Abdo HG, Al Sayah MJ, Ratonyi T, Harsanyi E, Mohammed S. Spatial-temporal dynamic impact of changes in rainfall erosivity and vegetation coverage on soil erosion in the Eastern Mediterranean. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022:10.1007/s11356-022-24012-6. [PMID: 36427125 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24012-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In Syria, soil erosion (SoEr) by water is one of the major challenges for sustainability. Thus, the main goals of this research were to evaluate the spatial changes of SoEr between 2000 and 2018 in the whole coastal basin (CB) of Syria and to provide a soil water erosion risk map for the study area. For this purpose, monthly rainfall data, the SoilGrids dataset, satellite image derived NDVI layers, and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) were collected. Through the integration of these layers into the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE), under a Geographic Information System (GIS), soil loss was assessed. Also, the contribution of land cover changes and R factor on SoEr were evaluated. The outcomes of this assessment illustrated that the R factor ranged from 800 to 2600 MJ mm ha-1 h-1 yr-1, while the soil erodibility factor (K factor) ranged from 0.048 to 0.035 ton ha MJ-1 mm-1. The C factor (vegetation coverage) values ranged between 0.07 and 1 with a spatial average value of 0.44 for the 2000-2009 period and 0.39 for the 2010-2018 interval. The output of RUSLE revealed that average annual SoEr was of 21.35 ton ha-1 y-1 (± 38) for 2000-2009 and 22.47 ton ha-1 y-1(± 41.8) for 2010-2018. Interestingly, the increased SoEr caused by the R factor was dominant (34.65%), followed by changes in both C factor and R factor (13.34%). However, decrease of SoEr rates is due to the increase of the C factor accounting for 36.82% of the CB. The outcome of this research can provide constructive spatial insights for rehabilitation plans for the post-war phase of Syria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karam Alsafadi
- School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Shuoben Bi
- School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Hazem Ghassan Abdo
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, University of Tartous, Tartous, Syria
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Mario J Al Sayah
- Resallience By SIXENSE Engineering (Vinci Group SA), 92000, Nanterre, France
| | - Tamás Ratonyi
- Institute of Land Use, Technical and Precision Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Endre Harsanyi
- Institute of Land Use, Technical and Precision Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
- Institutes for Agricultural Research and Educational Farm, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Safwan Mohammed
- Institute of Land Use, Technical and Precision Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
- Institutes for Agricultural Research and Educational Farm, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Li Y, Rong T, Qin M, Zhang P, Yang D, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Zhu H, Song M. Spatiotemporal characteristics of soil erosion in a typical watershed consisting of different landscape: A case study of the Qin River Basin. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275470. [PMID: 36191020 PMCID: PMC9529098 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil erosion has a severe impact on habitat and productivity. It is considered to be a major environmental threat prevalent in ecosystems. However, few researchers have studied the spatial distribution of soil erosion intensity among different geographic environmental factors. The Qin River Basin is a geographical unit consisting of mountains, hills, and plains with significant regional characteristics, and it has a basin area of 14,810.91 km2. This study uses the Geographical Information Systems, Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation model to analyze the spatiotemporal changes in the soil-erosion intensity in the Qin River Basin from 1990 to 2018. Different environmental factors of land use, slope and altitude on erosion intensities of 19 secondary land types were analyzed. It can better reflect the soil erosion under different environmental factors and different land use types. Results show that the soil erosion modulus of Qin River Basin were 10.25 t hm−2 a−1, and it belong to slight erosion from 1990 to 2018. Soil erosion intensity is greater in grassland and woodland than in cropland. The strongest soil erosion occurred in the sparse forestland, and the lowest was in beach land. Soil erosion was the highest for a slope of 15~25° and an altitude of 1200~1500 m. Rainfall and slope are important factors lead to soil erosion, indicating weak water and soil conservation implemented in these areas. Therefore, priority should be given to these geomorphic units to formulate and implement soil-erosion control and ecological restoration policies in the Qin River Basin. This study provides a good reference for preventing and controlling soil erosion in river basins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Li
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Tianqi Rong
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Mingzhou Qin
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China,Henan Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation (Ecological Protection and Rural Revitalization Along the Yellow River), Henan University, Kaifeng, China,* E-mail: (MQ); (PZ)
| | - Pengyan Zhang
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China,Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng, China,Regional Planning and Development Center, Henan University, Kaifeng, China,* E-mail: (MQ); (PZ)
| | - Dan Yang
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Zhenyue Liu
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Meiling Song
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yao Y, Tian H, Xu X, Li Y, Pan S. Dynamics and controls of inland water CH 4 emissions across the Conterminous United States: 1860-2019. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 224:119043. [PMID: 36087447 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Inland waters (rivers, lakes, and reservoirs) have been recognized as hotspots of methane (CH4) emissions. However, the magnitude and spatiotemporal pattern of CH4 emissions and their underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown due to a lack of process-based quantification of CH4 production, consumption, and evasion within the aquatic ecosystem. Here we developed a process-based aquatic CH4 module within the framework of the Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model (DLEM) to explicitly simulate inland water carbon fluxes and the associated CH4 processes. We further applied this model to assess the inland-water CH4 emissions across the conterminous United States (CONUS) as affected by the climate variability, land use, fertilizer nitrogen (N) application, atmospheric N deposition, and rising atmospheric CO2 concentration during 1860-2019. The inland water CH4 emissions across the CONUS had doubled from the 1860s (1.65±0.18 Tg CH4-C∙yr-1) to the 2010s (3.73±0.36 Tg CH4-C∙yr-1). In the 2000s, inland water accounts for 8% of the regional CH4 budget that offsets 11∼14% of the terrestrial C uptake across the CONUS. Our study showed that the small headwater streams (1st -3rd order) account for 49% of the diffusive CH4, and reservoirs constitute 50% of the ebullitive CH4 emissions during the 2010s. Climate change and variability played a dominant role in the increased CH4 emissions from rivers and lakes. This study implies that effective mitigation strategies to reduce CH4 emissions should pay much attention to global climate change and headwater stream management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhi Yao
- School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; International Center for Climate and Global Change Research, College of Forestry, Wildlife and Environment, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36832, United States of America
| | - Hanqin Tian
- International Center for Climate and Global Change Research, College of Forestry, Wildlife and Environment, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36832, United States of America; Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, United States of America.
| | - Xiaofeng Xu
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, United States of America
| | - Ya Li
- International Center for Climate and Global Change Research, College of Forestry, Wildlife and Environment, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36832, United States of America; State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Shufen Pan
- International Center for Climate and Global Change Research, College of Forestry, Wildlife and Environment, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36832, United States of America; Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Liu L, Sayer EJ, Deng M, Li P, Liu W, Wang X, Yang S, Huang J, Luo J, Su Y, Grünzweig JM, Jiang L, Hu S, Piao S. The grassland carbon cycle: mechanisms, responses to global changes, and potential contribution to carbon neutrality. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
|
22
|
Pilla RM, Griffiths NA, Gu L, Kao SC, McManamay R, Ricciuto DM, Shi X. Anthropogenically driven climate and landscape change effects on inland water carbon dynamics: What have we learned and where are we going? GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:5601-5629. [PMID: 35856254 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Inland waters serve as important hydrological connections between the terrestrial landscape and oceans but are often overlooked in global carbon (C) budgets and Earth System Models. Terrestrially derived C entering inland waters from the watershed can be transported to oceans but over 83% is either buried in sediments or emitted to the atmosphere before reaching oceans. Anthropogenic pressures such as climate and landscape changes are altering the magnitude of these C fluxes in inland waters. Here, we synthesize the most recent estimates of C fluxes and the differential contributions across inland waterbody types (rivers, streams, lakes, reservoirs, and ponds), including recent measurements that incorporate improved sampling methods, small waterbodies, and dried areas. Across all inland waters, we report a global C emission estimate of 4.40 Pg C/year (95% confidence interval: 3.95-4.85 Pg C/year), representing a 13% increase from the most recent estimate. We also review the mechanisms by which the most globally widespread anthropogenically driven climate and landscape changes influence inland water C fluxes. The majority of these drivers are expected to influence terrestrial C inputs to inland waters due to alterations in terrestrial C quality and quantity, hydrological pathways, and biogeochemical processing. We recommend four research priorities for the future study of anthropogenic alterations to inland water C fluxes: (1) before-and-after measurements of C fluxes associated with climate change events and landscape changes, (2) better quantification of C input from land, (3) improved assessment of spatial coverage and contributions of small inland waterbodies to C fluxes, and (4) integration of dried and drawdown areas to global C flux estimates. Improved measurements of inland water C fluxes and quantification of uncertainty in these estimates will be vital to understanding both terrestrial C losses and the "moving target" of inland water C emissions in response to rapid and complex anthropogenic pressures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Pilla
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Natalie A Griffiths
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lianhong Gu
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Shih-Chieh Kao
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ryan McManamay
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel M Ricciuto
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Xiaoying Shi
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Globally, phenolic contaminants have posed a considerable threat to agro-ecosystems. Exolaccase-boosted humification may be an admirable strategy for phenolic detoxification by creating multifunctional humic-like products (H-LPs). Nonetheless, the potential applicability of the formed H-LPs in agricultural production is still overlooked. This review describes immobilized exolaccase-enabled humification in eliminating phenolic pollutants and producing artificial H-LPs. The similarities and differences between artificial H-LPs and natural humic substances (HSs) in chemical properties are compared. In particular, the agronomic effects of these reproducible artificial H-LPs are highlighted. On the basis of the above summary, the granulation process is employed to prepare granular humic-like organic fertilizers, which can be applied to field crops by mechanical side-deep fertilization. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of exolaccase-boosted humification for practical applications are also discussed. This review is a first step toward a more profound understanding of phenolic detoxification, soil improvement, and agricultural production by exolaccase-boosted humification. Exolaccase-initiated humification is conductive to phenolic detoxification Multiple humic-like products are created in exolaccase-boosted humification Similarities and differences between artificial and natural humus are disclosed Humic-like products can be used to sustain soil health and increase crop yield
Collapse
|
24
|
O'Sullivan M, Friedlingstein P, Sitch S, Anthoni P, Arneth A, Arora VK, Bastrikov V, Delire C, Goll DS, Jain A, Kato E, Kennedy D, Knauer J, Lienert S, Lombardozzi D, McGuire PC, Melton JR, Nabel JEMS, Pongratz J, Poulter B, Séférian R, Tian H, Vuichard N, Walker AP, Yuan W, Yue X, Zaehle S. Process-oriented analysis of dominant sources of uncertainty in the land carbon sink. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4781. [PMID: 35970991 PMCID: PMC9378641 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32416-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The observed global net land carbon sink is captured by current land models. All models agree that atmospheric CO2 and nitrogen deposition driven gains in carbon stocks are partially offset by climate and land-use and land-cover change (LULCC) losses. However, there is a lack of consensus in the partitioning of the sink between vegetation and soil, where models do not even agree on the direction of change in carbon stocks over the past 60 years. This uncertainty is driven by plant productivity, allocation, and turnover response to atmospheric CO2 (and to a smaller extent to LULCC), and the response of soil to LULCC (and to a lesser extent climate). Overall, differences in turnover explain ~70% of model spread in both vegetation and soil carbon changes. Further analysis of internal plant and soil (individual pools) cycling is needed to reduce uncertainty in the controlling processes behind the global land carbon sink. The global net land sink is relatively well constrained. However, the responsible drivers and above/below-ground partitioning are highly uncertain. Model issues regarding turnover of individual plant and soil components are responsible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael O'Sullivan
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QF, UK.
| | - Pierre Friedlingstein
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QF, UK.,Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, CNRS-ENS-UPMC-X, Paris, France
| | - Stephen Sitch
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4RJ, UK
| | - Peter Anthoni
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research/Atmospheric Environmental Research, 82467, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Almut Arneth
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research/Atmospheric Environmental Research, 82467, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Vivek K Arora
- Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis, Climate Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Vladislav Bastrikov
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Christine Delire
- CNRM, Université de Toulouse, Météo-France, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Daniel S Goll
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Atul Jain
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61821, USA
| | - Etsushi Kato
- Institute of Applied Energy (IAE), Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0003, Japan
| | - Daniel Kennedy
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Climate and Global Dynamics, Terrestrial Sciences Section, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA
| | - Jürgen Knauer
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia.,CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Canberra, ACT, 2101, Australia
| | - Sebastian Lienert
- Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Danica Lombardozzi
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Climate and Global Dynamics, Terrestrial Sciences Section, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA
| | | | - Joe R Melton
- Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis, Climate Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Julia E M S Nabel
- Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Bundesstr. 53, 20146, Hamburg, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Julia Pongratz
- Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Bundesstr. 53, 20146, Hamburg, Germany.,Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Luisenstr. 37, 80333, München, Germany
| | - Benjamin Poulter
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, Greenbelt, MD, 20771, USA
| | - Roland Séférian
- CNRM, Université de Toulouse, Météo-France, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Hanqin Tian
- Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Nicolas Vuichard
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Anthony P Walker
- Climate Change Science Institute & Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Wenping Yuan
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 510245, China
| | - Xu Yue
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST), Nanjing, China
| | - Sönke Zaehle
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Borrelli P, Ballabio C, Yang JE, Robinson DA, Panagos P. GloSEM: High-resolution global estimates of present and future soil displacement in croplands by water erosion. Sci Data 2022; 9:406. [PMID: 35831371 PMCID: PMC9279367 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01489-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthy soil is the foundation underpinning global agriculture and food security. Soil erosion is currently the most serious threat to soil health, leading to yield decline, ecosystem degradation and economic impacts. Here, we provide high-resolution (ca. 100 × 100 m) global estimates of soil displacement by water erosion obtained using the Revised-Universal-Soil-Loss-Equation-based Global Soil Erosion Modelling (GloSEM) platform under present (2019) and future (2070) climate scenarios (i.e. Shared Socioeconomic Pathway [SSP]1–Representative Concentration Pathway [RCP]2.6, SSP2–RCP4.5 and SSP5–RCP8.5). GloSEM is the first global modelling platform to take into account regional farming systems, the mitigation effects of conservation agriculture (CA), and climate change projections. We provide a set of data, maps and descriptive statistics to support researchers and decision-makers in exploring the extent and geography of soil erosion, identifying probable hotspots, and exploring (with stakeholders) appropriate actions for mitigating impacts. In this regard, we have also provided an Excel spreadsheet that can provide useful insights into the potential mitigating effects of present and future alternative CA scenarios at the country level. Measurement(s) | Soil displacement by water erosion (t/ha/year) | Technology Type(s) | Grid-based GIS modelling | Sample Characteristic - Environment | Soil system | Sample Characteristic - Location | Global |
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Borrelli
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, 00146, Rome, Italy. .,Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy. .,Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | | | - Jae E Yang
- Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - David A Robinson
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Bangor, LL57 2UW, United Kingdom
| | - Panos Panagos
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
The Potential of Ecological Restoration Programs to Increase Erosion-Induced Carbon Sinks in Response to Future Climate Change. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13050785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Erosion-induced carbon sinks are a wild card in the global carbon budget. Soil erosion results in aggregate carbon sequestration by reforming organic–inorganic complexes at depositional areas and plant reserves. The carbon sinks at the depositional sites are rarely considered in the prediction of erosion-induced carbon sink dynamics. The effects of large-scale ecological restoration programs (ERPs) in subtropical regions on soil carbon sinks are still unclear. This study analyzed the potential effects of ERPs on erosion-induced carbon sinks in a red soil hilly region (RSHR) from 2030 to 2060. Based on a land use dataset and two climate scenarios of moderate (RCP4.5) and high emission paths (RCP8.5), three land use change (LUC) patterns were designed: an Ecological Restoration (ER) pattern; a Business-As-Usual (BAU) pattern; and a No LUC pattern. The results of the ER pattern and BAU pattern were compared with those of the No LUC pattern to reflect the role of ERPs in reducing erosion and increasing erosion-induced carbon sinks. The results indicated that the erosion-induced carbon sinks of forestland increased (58 kg km−2) in the BAU pattern under the RCP8.5 scenario and erosion-induced carbon sinks of cropland increased (39 kg km−2) in the ER pattern under the RCP8.5 scenario. In RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, the erosion-induced carbon sinks of the RSHR increased by 210 Tg and 85 Tg from 2030 to 2060, respectively (1 Tg = 1012 g). The average annual erosion-induced carbon sink accounted for 3.84% and 1.41% of the annual average carbon sequestration of terrestrial ecosystems, respectively. Neither the BAU pattern nor the ER pattern achieved the purpose of increasing grassland carbon sinks induced by soil erosion. Therefore, the focus of future ERP optimization should be to increase grassland carbon sinks. Our study provides new evidence for research into erosion-induced carbon sinks to mitigate global climate change and a scientific basis for increasing erosion-induced carbon sinks in croplands, forestlands and grasslands in the RSHR of southern China.
Collapse
|
27
|
Luo J, Zhou Q, Hu X, Zeng H, Deng P, He C, Shi Q. Lake Chemodiversity Driven by Natural and Anthropogenic Factors. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:5910-5919. [PMID: 35389635 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c08148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As extremely active sites processing terrestrially derived dissolved organic matter (DOM), lakes deserve sufficient attention. Because of high-complexity interactions between DOM and the surrounding environment, the natural and anthropogenic drivers controlling the composition and chemodiversity of DOM molecules in lakes remain unclear. Here, 13,952 DOM molecules were identified and assessed in 45 lakes across China via ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry. Furthermore, the effects of both natural and anthropogenic factors on the DOM composition, DOM chemodiversity, and greenhouse gas emissions were investigated. The majority of the variations in DOM chemical composition could be attributed to the differences in the hydrology and nutrient concentrations of the lakes, and human activities also played a role, mainly through atmospheric pollution. Environmental factors mainly influenced DOM chemodiversity in the form of S-containing compounds. N-containing compounds exhibited a positive correlation with CO2 emissions, while N- and S-free compounds exhibited a positive correlation with N2O emissions. These results facilitate a comprehensive understanding of the interactions between lake DOM and the surrounding environment, thereby providing a reference for the formulation of strategies aimed at the harmonious development of human and natural environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qixing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiangang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hui Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Peng Deng
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Chen He
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Petroleum Molecular Engineering Center (PMEC), China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Quan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Petroleum Molecular Engineering Center (PMEC), China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Assessment of Land Use and Land Cover Changes on Soil Erosion Using Remote Sensing, GIS and RUSLE Model: A Case Study of Battambang Province, Cambodia. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14074066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Soil erosion causes land degradation which negatively impacts not only natural resources but also livelihoods of people due to low agricultural productivity. Cambodia is prone to soil erosion due to poor agricultural practices. In this research we use Battambang province as a case study to quantify impact of land use and land cover change (LULC) on soil erosion. This study assessed the impact from LULC changes to soil erosion. LULC change maps were analyzed based on Landsat satellite imagery of 1998, 2008, and 2018, computed in QGIS 6.2.9, while the soil erosion loss was estimated by the integration of remote sensing, GIS tools, and Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model. The results showed that the area of agricultural land of Battambang province significantly increased from 44.50% in 1998 to 61.11% in 2008 and 68.40% in 2018. The forest cover significantly decreased from 29.82% in 1998 to 6.18% in 2018. Various soil erosion factors were estimated using LULC and slope. Based on that, the mean soil loss was 2.92 t/ha.yr in 1998, 4.20 t/ha.yr in 2008, and 4.98 t/ha.yr in 2018. Whereas the total annual soil loss was 3.49 million tons in 1998, 5.03 million tons in 2008, and 5.93 million tons in 2018. The annual soil loss at the agricultural land dramatically increased from 190,9347.9 tons (54%) in 1998 to 3,543,659 tons (70.43%) in 2008 and to 4,267,439 tons (71.91%) in 2018 due to agricultural land expansion and agricultural practices. These losses were directly correlated with LULC, especially agricultural land expansion and forest cover decline. Our results highlight the need to develop appropriate land use and crop management practices to decrease land degradation and soil erosion. These data are useful to bring about public awareness of land degradation and alert local citizens, researchers, policy makers, and actors towards land rehabilitation to bring the area of land back to a state which is safe for increasing biodiversity and agricultural productivity. Measures to reduce or prevent soil erosion and the use of conservation agriculture practices, along with water and soil conservation, management, agroforestry practices, vegetation cover restoration, the creation of slope terraces, and the use of direct sowing mulch-based cropping systems should be considered.
Collapse
|
29
|
Hydraulic mechanisms of the uneven enrichment of soil organic carbon in sediments during rain-induced overland flow. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262865. [PMID: 35192628 PMCID: PMC8863236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic carbon (OC) can be unevenly enriched in different-sized sediment particles under low-intensity, rain-induced overland flows, but its hydraulic mechanisms are not completely understood. Hence, in this study, the hydraulic transport mechanisms of unevenly enriched OC between different-sized sediment particles were investigated through simulated rainfall experiments at gradients of 5°, 10°, and 15° and typical regional rainfall intensities of 45, 90, and 120 mm h−1. Results showed that the critical flow velocity of aggregate transport through loess soil was approximately 0.08 m s−1. When the flow velocity was larger than this critical value, the aggregate loss amount increased quickly and exponentially. Flow velocities lower than 0.08 m s−1 were determined to be essential conditions for uneven OC enrichment between sediment particles. At such velocities, even when the runoff depth was greater than 0.0018 m, the enrichment ratio of soil organic carbon (SOC; ERoc) values in all size classes of sediment particles was larger than 1.0. Small runoff depths caused preferential OC enrichment in silt and clay, whereas large runoff depths promoted OC enrichment in the >0.25 mm size class of sediment particles. The critical flow velocity and transport way differ between these high-OC-concentration clay and silt and large light organic particles. The interaction between flow velocity and runoff depth on ERocs in <0.05 mm particles was larger than that of >0.05 mm particles. Under the transport limit erosion, the flow velocity and stream power positively correlated with uneven ERocs in different size sediment particles through distinct laws. Slope and rainfall intensity could not be ignored in predicting uneven OC enrichment in sediments by interacting with hydraulic factor and effecting aggregate stripping, respectively. Hydraulic factors mainly affected the uneven OC enrichment by controlling particle selective detachment and transport process. Owing to the different hydraulic mechanisms of OC enrichment in different size particles, the obtained regression functions for uneven OC enrichment could be divided into two types. One was for calculating the OC concentrations in sediment particles with sizes of <2 mm (R2 > 0.844, P < 0.005), and the other was for calculating the OC concentrations in large macroaggregates (>2 mm; R2 = 0.805, P < 0.005). The findings provide an important reference for understanding SOC transport mechanisms and its mineralization potential under the effect of water erosion and improving SOC dynamic models.
Collapse
|
30
|
Difference of Soil Aggregates Composition, Stability, and Organic Carbon Content between Eroded and Depositional Areas after Adding Exogenous Organic Materials. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14042143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Black soil in northeastern China has suffered widespread soil degradation due to long-term cultivation while causing eroded–depositional landscapes, leading to soil-associated carbon redistribution. In agricultural systems, adding exogenous organic material to degraded soil is a common measure to improve soil aggregate stability and soil quality. However, differences in soil properties may alter the decomposition and turnover of organic material in aggregates. Using a uniform method to restore the eroded (E) and depositional (D) soils is inefficient. Therefore, an indoor constant temperature and humidity incubation experiment with the addition of three organic materials, namely, straw (S), biochar (B), and swine manure (M), was designed with an equal amount of carbon. Soil aggregate composition, stability, and organic carbon from eroded and depositional soils were analyzed for evaluating the amendment efficiency of soil quality by exogenous organic material addition. The main results were as follows: adding straw and swine manure could effectively promote >2-mm aggregates formation (E: 7.1%, 8.8%; D: 17.3%, 8.6%) and significantly improved the mean weight diameter (MWD) (E: 0.45 mm, 0.52 mm; D: 0.96 mm, 0.54 mm), while the addition of biochar significantly increased the proportion of 0.25–2-mm aggregates (E: 7.9%; D: 10.9%), but the effect of improving MWD was less than straw and swine manure. All the three organic materials could significantly increase soil total organic carbon (TOC) (S, B and M: 1.95, 3.12 and 2.46 g·kg−1) in the eroded area, and the effect of biochar was the best, whereas it was not significant for the soil in the depositional area. Specially, adding swine manure and adding straw is more beneficial to the restoration of eroded areas and depositional areas, respectively.
Collapse
|
31
|
Wang S, Wang Z, Heinonsalo J, Zhang Y, Liu G. Soil organic carbon stocks and dynamics in a mollisol region: A 1980s-2010s study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:150910. [PMID: 34653449 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mollisols are globally distributed in grain-producing regions, and soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics in mollisol regions are closely related to food security. Regional climate, land use and cover, and field management practice have massively changed since the 1980s in mollisol region in Northeast China, however, the dynamics of topsoil and profile SOC stocks and their distribution have not updated. To explore the dynamics of SOC stocks and their horizontal and vertical distributions in the 1980s-2010s, we took the mollisol region in Northeast China as an example location to conduct profile-scale soil surveys. The in situ surveys indicated that the topsoil SOC stock (0-20 cm) remained relatively stable throughout the 1980s, 2000s, and 2010s, and was 57.3 ± 5.5, 58.2 ± 3.3, and 57.4 ± 4.4 t C ha-1, respectively. The average profile SOC stock (1 m) increased from 148.9 ± 18.5 t C ha-1 in the 1980s to 162.0 ± 14.0 t C ha-1 in the 2010s. A slowdown in land reclamation and implementation of conservation tillage helped maintain and restore SOC stocks. Although the overall SOC stock tended to accumulate, the study area suffered an increasingly unbalanced redistribution of SOC related to severe soil erosion. Soil particles and SOC at erosional positions such as backslope were stripped from the soil surface, leading to attenuated soil thickness and SOC stock; SOC-rich sediment accumulated and was buried at depositional positions, especially at the foot-slope, increasing the soil thickness and SOC stock. These results confirmed that not only the total SOC stock, but also changes in SOC spatial distribution deserve great attention. This study provides a platform to examine and modify the simulation effectiveness of carbon-cycling models, as well as solid foundations for optimal global mollisols management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sichu Wang
- Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, No.19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China; Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, Helsinki 00790, Finland
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, No.19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Jussi Heinonsalo
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, Helsinki 00790, Finland; Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yuanxia Zhang
- Linyi Baishabu Middle School, Wenhua Road, Linyi 276035, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, No.19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Mariappan S, Hartley IP, Cressey EL, Dungait JAJ, Quine TA. Soil burial reduces decomposition and offsets erosion-induced soil carbon losses in the Indian Himalaya. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:1643-1658. [PMID: 34767289 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The extent to which soil erosion is a net source or sink of carbon globally remains unresolved but has the potential to play a key role in determining the magnitude of CO2 emissions from land-use change in rapidly eroding landscapes. The effects of soil erosion on carbon storage in low-input agricultural systems, in acknowledged global soil erosion hotspots in developing countries, are especially poorly understood. Working in one such hotspot, the Indian Himalaya, we measured and modelled field-scale soil budgets, to quantify erosion-induced changes in soil carbon storage. In addition, we used long-term (1-year) incubations of separate and mixed soil horizons to better understand the mechanisms controlling erosion-induced changes in soil carbon cycling. We demonstrate that high rates of soil erosion did not promote a net carbon loss to the atmosphere at the field scale. Furthermore, our experiments showed that rates of decomposition in the organic matter-rich subsoil layers in depositional areas were lower per unit of soil carbon than from other landscape positions; however, these rates could be increased by mixing with topsoils. The results indicate that, the burial of soil carbon, and separation from fresh carbon inputs, led to reduced rates of decomposition offsetting potential carbon losses during soil erosion and transport within the cultivated fields. We conclude that the high rates of erosion experienced in these Himalayan soils do not, in isolation, drive substantial emissions of organic carbon, and there is the potential to promote carbon storage through sustainable agricultural practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sankar Mariappan
- Geography, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Dehradun, India
| | - Iain P Hartley
- Geography, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Elizabeth L Cressey
- Geography, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Jennifer A J Dungait
- Geography, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Timothy A Quine
- Geography, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Outreach and Post-Publication Impact of Soil Erosion Modelling Literature. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14031342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Back in the 1930s, the aphorism “publish or perish” first appeared in an academic context. Today, this phrase is becoming a harsh reality in several academic environments, and scientists are giving increasing attention to publishing and disseminating their scientific work. Soil erosion modelers make no exception. With the introduction of the bibliometric field, the evaluation of the impact of a piece of scientific work becomes more articulated. The post-publication impact of the research became an important aspect too. In this study, we analyse the outreach and the impact of the literature on soil erosion modelling using the altmetric database, i.e., Altmetric. In our analysis, we use only a small fraction (around 15%) of Global Applications of Soil Erosion Modelling Tracker (GASEMT) papers because only 257 papers out of 1697 had an Altmetric Score (AS) larger than 0. We observed that media and policy documents mentioned more frequently literature dealing with global-scale assessments and future projection studies than local-scale ones. Papers that are frequently cited by researchers do not necessarily also yield high media and policy outreach. The GASEMT papers that had an AS larger than 0 were, on average, mentioned by one policy document and five Twitter users and had 100 Mendeley readers. Only around 5% and 9% of papers with AS > 0 appeared in news articles and blogs, respectively. However, this percentage was around 45% for Twitter and policy mentions. The top GASEMT paper’s upper bound was around 1 million Twitter followers, while this number was around 10,000 for the 10th ranked GASEMT paper. The exponentially increasing trend for erosion modelling papers having an AS has been confirmed, as during the last 3 years (2014–2017), we estimated that the number of entries had doubled compared to 2011–2014 and quadrupled if we compare it with 2008–2011.
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
Dust emission is an important corollary of the soil degradation process in arid and semi-arid areas worldwide. Soil organic carbon (SOC) is the main terrestrial pool in the carbon cycle, and dust emission redistributes SOC within terrestrial ecosystems and to the atmosphere and oceans. This redistribution plays an important role in the global carbon cycle. Herein, we present a systematic review of dust modelling, global dust budgets, and the effects of dust emission on SOC dynamics. Focusing on selected dust models developed in the past five decades at different spatio-temporal scales, we discuss the global dust sources, sinks, and budgets identified by these models and the effect of dust emissions on SOC dynamics. We obtain the following conclusions: (1) dust models have made considerable progress, but there are still some uncertainties; (2) a set of parameters should be developed for the use of dust models in different regions, and direct anthropogenic dust should be considered in dust emission estimations; and (3) the involvement of dust emission in the carbon cycle models is crucial for improving the accuracy of carbon assessment.
Collapse
|
35
|
Zhao J, Wang Z, Dong Y, Yang Z, Govers G. How soil erosion and runoff are related to land use, topography and annual precipitation: Insights from a meta-analysis of erosion plots in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 802:149665. [PMID: 34450437 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We compiled an extensive database of erosion and runoff measurements on erosion plots under natural rainfall in China. We used this database to analyse how soil loss by sheet and rill erosion and runoff in China were affected by land use, slope gradient, slope length and mean annual precipitation. Our results show that land use dominates the variation of soil loss and runoff: Soil loss and runoff rates on land covered by grass and trees are one to three orders of magnitude lower than rates on cropland. Slope gradient and slope length affect soil loss and runoff rates on cropland but there is no statistically significant effect on either soil loss or runoff on plots with a permanent vegetation cover. Runoff rates consistently increase with mean annual precipitation. The relationship between soil loss and mean annual precipitation is, on the contrary, nonlinear for all land use types, with a clear increase of soil loss with precipitation up to a mean annual precipitation of ca. 700 mm yr-1, a subsequent decline and a second rise when the mean annual precipitation exceeds ca. 1400 mm yr-1. We attribute this non-linear response to the interplay of an increasing rainfall erosivity and an increasing protection due to vegetation cover with increasing mean annual precipitation. This non-linear response implies that the effect of precipitation changes induced by climate change on the erosion risk depends on how both rainfall erosivity and vegetation cover change with changing climate. Our study provides important insights as to how soil loss and runoff in China are related to controlling factors and this will allow improving assessments of total soil erosion and runoff rates over the entire territory of China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Zhao
- Department of Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang'an University, Yantalu 126, Xi'an 710054, China.
| | - Zhengang Wang
- School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yifan Dong
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yang
- Department of Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang'an University, Yantalu 126, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Gerard Govers
- Division of Geography, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Tang C, Yang F, Antonietti M. Carbon Materials Advancing Microorganisms in Driving Soil Organic Carbon Regulation. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2022; 2022:9857374. [PMID: 35098139 PMCID: PMC8777470 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9857374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Carbon emission from soil is not only one of the major sources of greenhouse gases but also threatens biological diversity, agricultural productivity, and food security. Regulation and control of the soil carbon pool are political practices in many countries around the globe. Carbon pool management in engineering sense is much bigger and beyond laws and monitoring, as it has to contain proactive elements to restore active carbon. Biogeochemistry teaches us that soil microorganisms are crucial to manage the carbon content effectively. Adding carbon materials to soil is thereby not directly sequestration, as interaction of appropriately designed materials with the soil microbiome can result in both: metabolization and thereby nonsustainable use of the added carbon, or-more favorably-a biological amplification of human efforts and sequestration of extra CO2 by microbial growth. We review here potential approaches to govern soil carbon, with a special focus set on the emerging practice of adding manufactured carbon materials to control soil carbon and its biological dynamics. Notably, research on so-called "biochar" is already relatively mature, while the role of artificial humic substance (A-HS) in microbial carbon sequestration is still in the developing stage. However, it is shown that the preparation and application of A-HS are large biological levers, as they directly interact with the environment and community building of the biological soil system. We believe that A-HS can play a central role in stabilizing carbon pools in soil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Tang
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Joint Laboratory of Northeast Agricultural University and Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces (NEAU-MPICI), Harbin 150030, China
| | - Fan Yang
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Joint Laboratory of Northeast Agricultural University and Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces (NEAU-MPICI), Harbin 150030, China
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Department of Colloid Chemistry, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Estimation of Potential Soil Erosion and Sediment Yield: A Case Study of the Transboundary Chenab River Catchment. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13243647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Near real-time estimation of soil loss from river catchments is crucial for minimizing environmental degradation of complex river basins. The Chenab river is one of the most complex river basins of the world and is facing severe soil loss due to extreme hydrometeorological conditions, unpredictable hydrologic response, and complex orography. Resultantly, huge soil erosion and sediment yield (SY) not only cause irreversible environmental degradation in the Chenab river catchment but also deteriorate the downstream water resources. In this study, potential soil erosion (PSE) is estimated from the transboundary Chenab river catchment using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE), coupled with remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS). Land Use of the European Space Agency (ESA), Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station (CHIRPS) data, and world soil map of Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)/The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization were incorporated into the study. The SY was estimated on monthly, quarterly, seasonal, and annual time-scales using sediment delivery ratio (SDR) estimated through the area, slope, and curve number (CN)-based approaches. The 30-year average PSE from the Chenab river catchment was estimated as 177.8, 61.5, 310.3, 39.5, 26.9, 47.1, and 99.1 tons/ha for annual, rabi, kharif, fall, winter, spring, and summer time scales, respectively. The 30-year average annual SY from the Chenab river catchment was estimated as 4.086, 6.163, and 7.502 million tons based on area, slope, and CN approaches. The time series trends analysis of SY indicated an increase of 0.0895, 0.1387, and 0.1698 million tons per year for area, slope, and CN-based approaches, respectively. It is recommended that the areas, except for slight erosion intensity, should be focused on framing strategies for control and mitigation of soil erosion in the Chenab river catchment.
Collapse
|
38
|
Du H, Li S, Webb NP, Zuo X, Liu X. Soil organic carbon (SOC) enrichment in aeolian sediments and SOC loss by dust emission in the desert steppe, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 798:149189. [PMID: 34333433 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dust emission is an important mechanism for carbon exchange between terrestrial and atmospheric carbon pools. However, undetermined soil organic carbon (SOC) enrichment in aeolian sediment limits the accurate estimation of SOC loss induced by wind erosion. Herein, we examined wind erosion and SOC loss measurements in the desert steppe of Inner Mongolia, China. By testing the particle size distributions (PSDs) and SOC contents across different particle size groups of the soil samples and aeolian sediments, we found that the finer soil particles generally had higher SOC contents. According to the measured results, we recognized that the mechanism of SOC enrichment in aeolian sediment is the inconstant distribution of SOC across the different soil particle size groups and the differences between the PSDs of soils and aeolian sediments. Based on the mechanism, we proposed a method to calculate the SOC content in aeolian sediment, and the calculated results are highly consistent with the measured results. Compared with the previous method, our calculation method provided a more precise result. Integrating our method for estimating SOC content in dust (diameter less than 50 μm) and a dust emission model, we simulated the SOC loss induced by wind erosion in this region by a wind erosion model, and the results show SOC loss induced by dust emissions ranging from 0 to 39 g/m2/y during the period of 2001 to 2017. We believe the study method of dust SOC content calculation we proposed could be interested by the scholars in the field of carbon cycling, and the simulated results of SOC loss could provide robust data for the estimation of carbon budget in the desert steppe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heqiang Du
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China; Urat Desert-Grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.
| | - Sen Li
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Nicholas P Webb
- USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA.
| | - Xiaoan Zuo
- Urat Desert-Grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.
| | - Xuyang Liu
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Jiang W, Gong L, Yang L, He S, Liu X. Dynamics in C, N, and P stoichiometry and microbial biomass following soil depth and vegetation types in low mountain and hill region of China. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19631. [PMID: 34608213 PMCID: PMC8490400 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99075-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in soil carbon (C):nitrogen (N):phosphorus (P) stoichiometry have great significance on understand regulatory mechanism and restoration of ecosystem functions. However, the responses of C, N and P stoichiometry to soil depth and different vegetation types remains elusive. To address this problem, the study aims to explore the effects of soil depth and vegetation types on soil C, N, and P stoichiometry, and their relationships with microbial biomass in low mountain and hill region of China. The results indicated that soil SOC and TN concentrations in oak forest were markedly higher than those in grassland, and the vertical distribution of SOC and TN concentration showed an inverted triangle trend as the soil deepens. However, there was no significant change in soil TP concentration among 0–20 cm, 20–40 cm, and 40–60 cm. Soil C/N among different layers (0–20, 20–40, and 40–60 cm) is narrower fluctuation margin, and its value is basically stable within a certain range (11–14.5). Both soil C/P and N/P showed significant variability in different vegetation types, and soil N/P decreased with soil layers deepen. Both the microbial biomass C (MBC) and N (MBN) showed a decreasing trend with the increase of soil depth, and three soil layers from high to low was: oak forest > pine forest > grassland. Our results will potentially provide useful information for the vegetation restoration and forest management and great significance to enrich the scientific theory of ecological stoichiometry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Jiang
- College of Life Science, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Lei Gong
- College of Life Science, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lihui Yang
- College of Land and Environmental, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Shuping He
- College of Land and Environmental, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Xiaohu Liu
- College of Land and Environmental, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Land Use and Land Cover Changes and Its Impact on Soil Erosion in Stung Sangkae Catchment of Cambodia. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13169276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Agricultural expansion and urban development without proper soil erosion control measures have become major environmental problems in Cambodia. Due to a high population growth rate and increased economic activities, land use and land cover (LULC) changes will cause environmental disturbances, particularly soil erosion. This research aimed to estimate total amounts of soil loss using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model within a Geographic Information System (GIS) environment. LULC maps of Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) 2002 and Mekong River Commission (MRC) 2015 were used to evaluate the impact of LULC on soil erosion loss in Stung Sangkae catchment. LULC dynamics for the study periods in Stung Sangkae catchment showed that the catchment experienced a rapid conversion of forests to paddy rice fields and other croplands. The results indicated that the average soil loss from the catchment was 3.1 and 7.6 t/ha/y for the 2002 and 2015 periods, respectively. The estimated total soil loss in the 2002 and 2015 periods was 1.9 million t/y and 4.5 million t/y, respectively. The soil erosion was accelerated by steep slopes combined with the high velocity and erosivity of stormwater runoff. The spatial distribution of soil loss showed that the highest value (14.3 to 62.9 t/ha/y) was recorded in the central, southwestern and upland parts of the catchment. It is recommended that priority should be given to erosion hot spot areas, and appropriate soil and water conservation practices should be adopted to restore degraded lands.
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
Soil erosion in agricultural landscapes reduces crop yields, leads to loss of ecosystem services, and influences the global carbon cycle. Despite decades of soil erosion research, the magnitude of historical soil loss remains poorly quantified across large agricultural regions because preagricultural soil data are rare, and it is challenging to extrapolate local-scale erosion observations across time and space. Here we focus on the Corn Belt of the midwestern United States and use a remote-sensing method to map areas in agricultural fields that have no remaining organic carbon-rich A-horizon. We use satellite and LiDAR data to develop a relationship between A-horizon loss and topographic curvature and then use topographic data to scale-up soil loss predictions across 3.9 × 105 km2 of the Corn Belt. Our results indicate that 35 ± 11% of the cultivated area has lost A-horizon soil and that prior estimates of soil degradation from soil survey-based methods have significantly underestimated A-horizon soil loss. Convex hilltops throughout the region are often completely denuded of A-horizon soil. The association between soil loss and convex topography indicates that tillage-induced erosion is an important driver of soil loss, yet tillage erosion is not simulated in models used to assess nationwide soil loss trends in the United States. We estimate that A-horizon loss decreases crop yields by 6 ± 2%, causing $2.8 ± $0.9 billion in annual economic losses. Regionally, we estimate 1.4 ± 0.5 Pg of carbon have been removed from hillslopes by erosion of the A-horizon, much of which likely remains buried in depositional areas within the fields.
Collapse
|
42
|
Qiu L, Zhang Q, Zhu H, Reich PB, Banerjee S, van der Heijden MGA, Sadowsky MJ, Ishii S, Jia X, Shao M, Liu B, Jiao H, Li H, Wei X. Erosion reduces soil microbial diversity, network complexity and multifunctionality. THE ISME JOURNAL 2021; 15:2474-2489. [PMID: 33712698 PMCID: PMC8319411 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-021-00913-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
While soil erosion drives land degradation, the impact of erosion on soil microbial communities and multiple soil functions remains unclear. This hinders our ability to assess the true impact of erosion on soil ecosystem services and our ability to restore eroded environments. Here we examined the effect of erosion on microbial communities at two sites with contrasting soil texture and climates. Eroded plots had lower microbial network complexity, fewer microbial taxa, and fewer associations among microbial taxa, relative to non-eroded plots. Soil erosion also shifted microbial community composition, with decreased relative abundances of dominant phyla such as Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Gemmatimonadetes. In contrast, erosion led to an increase in the relative abundances of some bacterial families involved in N cycling, such as Acetobacteraceae and Beijerinckiaceae. Changes in microbiota characteristics were strongly related with erosion-induced changes in soil multifunctionality. Together, these results demonstrate that soil erosion has a significant negative impact on soil microbial diversity and functionality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liping Qiu
- grid.144022.10000 0004 1760 4150State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China ,CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi’an, Shaanxi China ,grid.144022.10000 0004 1760 4150College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China
| | - Qian Zhang
- grid.17635.360000000419368657BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN USA ,grid.12955.3a0000 0001 2264 7233College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Hansong Zhu
- grid.144022.10000 0004 1760 4150State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China ,grid.144022.10000 0004 1760 4150College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China
| | - Peter B. Reich
- grid.17635.360000000419368657Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN USA ,grid.1029.a0000 0000 9939 5719Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith South DC, NSW Australia
| | - Samiran Banerjee
- grid.261055.50000 0001 2293 4611Department of Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND USA
| | - Marcel G. A. van der Heijden
- grid.417771.30000 0004 4681 910XAgroscope, Department of Agroecology & Environment, Zürich, Switzerland ,grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michael J. Sadowsky
- grid.17635.360000000419368657BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN USA ,grid.17635.360000000419368657Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN USA
| | - Satoshi Ishii
- grid.17635.360000000419368657BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN USA ,grid.17635.360000000419368657Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN USA
| | - Xiaoxu Jia
- grid.144022.10000 0004 1760 4150State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China ,grid.9227.e0000000119573309Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingan Shao
- grid.144022.10000 0004 1760 4150State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China ,grid.9227.e0000000119573309Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baoyuan Liu
- grid.144022.10000 0004 1760 4150State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China
| | - Huan Jiao
- grid.144022.10000 0004 1760 4150State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China ,grid.144022.10000 0004 1760 4150College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China
| | - Haiqiang Li
- grid.144022.10000 0004 1760 4150State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China ,grid.144022.10000 0004 1760 4150College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China
| | - Xiaorong Wei
- grid.144022.10000 0004 1760 4150State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China ,CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi’an, Shaanxi China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Ul Haq S, Boz I, Shahbaz P. Sustainability assessment of different land tenure farming systems in tea farming: The effect of decisional and structural variables. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2021; 17:814-834. [PMID: 33289323 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on the sustainability of different land tenure farms in tea farming and explores the effect of structural and decisional variables on tea farm sustainability. For this, a total of 138 tea growers from the Rize province of Turkey were selected through a stratified sampling approach and interviewed directly. The positive and negative effects of independent variables on all dimensions of sustainability were emphasized after an extensive review of the literature. This reviewing activity also facilitated hypothesizing the possible influences of variables on overall tea sustainability. A tobit model was used to examine the influence of the structural and decisional variables on tea farm sustainability. The results described that owners were more sustainable compared with shareholders. Their economic and social sustainability levels were not significantly different from each other. However, environmental sustainability at owners' tea farms was more satisfactory than that of shareholders. Among structural variables, land slope, age of tea orchard, and farmers' age were negative influences, whereas cooperative membership and terrace status affected tea farm sustainability positively. Similarly, among decisional variables, family labor, fertilizer application methods, farmers' willingness to perform a soil test, and sale value of tea had positive influences, whereas the cost of chemical fertilizers had a negative influence on tea farm sustainability. The land tenure was found to have a significant effect on sustainability when the tea farmer was the owner of the farm. Thus, farmers should replant their orchards on time, and adopt sustainable practices such as terracing and employing environment-friendly fertilizer application methods for increasing tea sustainability in the locality. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;17:814-834. © 2020 SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shamsheer Ul Haq
- Department of Economics and Business Administration, Division of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ismet Boz
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Pomi Shahbaz
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Wang Z, Zeng Y, Li C, Yan H, Yu S, Wang L, Shi Z. Telecoupling cropland soil erosion with distant drivers within China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 288:112395. [PMID: 33765577 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Soil erosion on cropland is a result of the interaction between nature and human activities. The socioeconomic influencing factors of soil erosion have been less studied than the biophysical processes and previous studies have mainly focused on the impacts of local socioeconomic factors on soil erosion in the same region. However, since agricultural activities are densely connected to other socio-economic activities, the need for agricultural products from distant regions could potentially drive local soil erosion accompanying agricultural production. To the best of our knowledge, these telecoupling effects have not been studied. Here, we combined the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) and multiregional input-output analysis (MRIO) models to quantify the contribution of China's cross-provincial economic demand to local soil erosion at the provincial, sectoral, and supply chain levels. Our results show that a large amount of soil erosion in the southwest, northeast, and central regions is linked to the economic needs across provinces. Agriculture and food processing are the most important distant driving sectors. The driving effect of household consumption on soil erosion mainly occurs on shorter supply chains, while exports and capital formation drive soil erosion through longer chains. Our results indicate that local soil erosion management must consider the impact of distant agricultural product needs and coordinate food production and supply on a national scale to protect the ecological function of the land.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Cai Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hua Yan
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shuxia Yu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ling Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhihua Shi
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430072, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an 710061, China.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Bezak N, Mikoš M, Borrelli P, Alewell C, Alvarez P, Anache JAA, Baartman J, Ballabio C, Biddoccu M, Cerdà A, Chalise D, Chen S, Chen W, De Girolamo AM, Gessesse GD, Deumlich D, Diodato N, Efthimiou N, Erpul G, Fiener P, Freppaz M, Gentile F, Gericke A, Haregeweyn N, Hu B, Jeanneau A, Kaffas K, Kiani-Harchegani M, Villuendas IL, Li C, Lombardo L, López-Vicente M, Lucas-Borja ME, Maerker M, Miao C, Modugno S, Möller M, Naipal V, Nearing M, Owusu S, Panday D, Patault E, Patriche CV, Poggio L, Portes R, Quijano L, Rahdari MR, Renima M, Ricci GF, Rodrigo-Comino J, Saia S, Samani AN, Schillaci C, Syrris V, Kim HS, Spinola DN, Oliveira PT, Teng H, Thapa R, Vantas K, Vieira D, Yang JE, Yin S, Zema DA, Zhao G, Panagos P. Soil erosion modelling: A bibliometric analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 197:111087. [PMID: 33798514 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Soil erosion can present a major threat to agriculture due to loss of soil, nutrients, and organic carbon. Therefore, soil erosion modelling is one of the steps used to plan suitable soil protection measures and detect erosion hotspots. A bibliometric analysis of this topic can reveal research patterns and soil erosion modelling characteristics that can help identify steps needed to enhance the research conducted in this field. Therefore, a detailed bibliometric analysis, including investigation of collaboration networks and citation patterns, should be conducted. The updated version of the Global Applications of Soil Erosion Modelling Tracker (GASEMT) database contains information about citation characteristics and publication type. Here, we investigated the impact of the number of authors, the publication type and the selected journal on the number of citations. Generalized boosted regression tree (BRT) modelling was used to evaluate the most relevant variables related to soil erosion modelling. Additionally, bibliometric networks were analysed and visualized. This study revealed that the selection of the soil erosion model has the largest impact on the number of publication citations, followed by the modelling scale and the publication's CiteScore. Some of the other GASEMT database attributes such as model calibration and validation have negligible influence on the number of citations according to the BRT model. Although it is true that studies that conduct calibration, on average, received around 30% more citations, than studies where calibration was not performed. Moreover, the bibliographic coupling and citation networks show a clear continental pattern, although the co-authorship network does not show the same characteristics. Therefore, soil erosion modellers should conduct even more comprehensive review of past studies and focus not just on the research conducted in the same country or continent. Moreover, when evaluating soil erosion models, an additional focus should be given to field measurements, model calibration, performance assessment and uncertainty of modelling results. The results of this study indicate that these GASEMT database attributes had smaller impact on the number of citations, according to the BRT model, than anticipated, which could suggest that these attributes should be given additional attention by the soil erosion modelling community. This study provides a kind of bibliographic benchmark for soil erosion modelling research papers as modellers can estimate the influence of their paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nejc Bezak
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Matjaž Mikoš
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Pasquale Borrelli
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata, 1, 27100, Pavia, Italy; Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Sciences, Environmental Geosciences, University of Basel, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Christine Alewell
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Environmental Geosciences, University of Basel, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Pablo Alvarez
- Institute of Geography and Geoecology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany; Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, National University of Loja, Ecuador
| | - Jamil Alexandre Ayach Anache
- Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering (EESC), University of São Paulo (USP), CxP. 359, São Carlos, SP, 13566-590, Brazil; Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, CxP. 549, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Jantiene Baartman
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Marcella Biddoccu
- Institute of Sciences and Technologies for Sustainable Energy and Mobility (STEMS), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Strada Delle Cacce 73, 10135, Torino, Italy
| | - Artemi Cerdà
- Soil Erosion and Degradation Research Group, Department of Geography, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Devraj Chalise
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | | | - Walter Chen
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taiwan
| | | | - Gizaw Desta Gessesse
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Ethiopia
| | - Detlef Deumlich
- Leibniz-Center for Agricultural Landscape Research Muencheberg (ZALF), Germany
| | - Nazzareno Diodato
- Met European Research Observatory-International Affiliates Program of the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, Via Monte Pino Snc, 82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - Nikolaos Efthimiou
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Praha - Suchdol, 165 00, Czech Republic
| | - Gunay Erpul
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ankara, 06110, Diskapi-Ankara, Turkey
| | - Peter Fiener
- Water and Soil Resources Research Group, Institute of Geography, Universität Augsburg, Alter Postweg 118, 86159, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Michele Freppaz
- University of Turin, Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Largo Paolo Braccini, 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Francesco Gentile
- University of Bari Aldo Moro, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Bari, Italy
| | - Andreas Gericke
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (FV-IGB), Department of Ecohydrology, 12587, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nigussie Haregeweyn
- International Platform for Dryland Research and Education, Tottori University, Tottori, 680-0001, Japan
| | - Bifeng Hu
- Department of Land Resource Management, School of Tourism and Urban Management, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Amelie Jeanneau
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Konstantinos Kaffas
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Mahboobeh Kiani-Harchegani
- Department of Watershed Management Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ivan Lizaga Villuendas
- Estación Experimental de Aula-Dei (EEAD-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council, Zaragoza, Spain. Avenida Montañana, 1005, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Changjia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Institute of Land Surface System and Sustainable Development, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Luigi Lombardo
- University of Twente, Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), PO Box 217, Enschede, AE 7500, the Netherlands
| | - Manuel López-Vicente
- Team Soil, Water and Land Use, Wageningen Environmental Research. Wageningen, 6708RC, Netherlands
| | - Manuel Esteban Lucas-Borja
- Castilla La Mancha University, School of Advanced Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, Albacete, 02071, Spain
| | - Michael Maerker
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata, 1, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Chiyuan Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Sirio Modugno
- World Food Programme, Roma, 00148, Italy; University of Leicester, Centre for Landscape and Climate Research, Department of Geography, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Markus Möller
- Julius Kühn Institute (JKI) - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Crop and Soil Science, Bundesallee 69, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Victoria Naipal
- École Normale Supérieure, Department of Geosciences, 24 Rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Mark Nearing
- Southwest Watershed Research Center, USDA-ARS, 2000 E. Allen Rd., Tucson, AZ, 85719, United States
| | - Stephen Owusu
- Soil Research Institute, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Kwadaso-Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Dinesh Panday
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Edouard Patault
- Normandie Univ, Rouen, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, M2C, FED-SCALE, Rouen, France
| | | | - Laura Poggio
- ISRIC - World Soil Information, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Raquel Portes
- Minas Gerais State University - Campus Frutal, Brazil
| | - Laura Quijano
- Georges Lemaître Centre for Earth and Climate Research - Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Belgium
| | | | - Mohammed Renima
- University Hassiba Benbouali of Chlef, Laboratory of Chemistry Vegetable-Water-Energy, Algeria
| | - Giovanni Francesco Ricci
- University of Bari Aldo Moro, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Bari, Italy
| | - Jesús Rodrigo-Comino
- Soil Erosion and Degradation Research Group, Department of Geography, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Department of Physical Geography, University of Trier, 54296 Trier, Germany
| | - Sergio Saia
- Dept. Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa Via Delle Piagge 2, Pisa, 56129, Italy
| | | | - Calogero Schillaci
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Hyuck Soo Kim
- Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Diogo Noses Spinola
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Paulo Tarso Oliveira
- Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, CxP. 549, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Hongfen Teng
- School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Resham Thapa
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Konstantinos Vantas
- Department of Rural and Surveying Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Diana Vieira
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Dpt. of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Jae E Yang
- Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Shuiqing Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Demetrio Antonio Zema
- Department "Agraria", University "Mediterranea" of Reggio Calabria, Località Feo di Vito, 89122, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Guangju Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Panos Panagos
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Lawrence-Smith EJ, Curtin D, Beare MH, McNally SR, Kelliher FM, Calvelo Pereira R, Hedley MJ. Full inversion tillage during pasture renewal to increase soil carbon storage: New Zealand as a case study. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:1998-2010. [PMID: 33604995 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As soils under permanent pasture and grasslands have large topsoil carbon (C) stocks, the scope to sequester additional C may be limited. However, because C in pasture/grassland soils declines with depth, there may be potential to sequester additional C in the subsoil. Data from 247 continuous pasture sites in New Zealand (representing five major soil Orders and ~80% of the grassland area) showed that, on average, the 0.15-0.30 m layer contained 25-34 t ha-1 less C than the top 0.15 m. High-production grazed pastures require periodic renewal (re-seeding) every 7-14 years to maintain productivity. Our objective was to assess whether a one-time pasture renewal, involving full inversion tillage (FIT) to a depth of 0.30 m, has potential to increase C storage by burying C-rich topsoil and bringing low-C subsoil to the surface where C inputs from pasture production are greatest. Data from the 247 pasture sites were used to model changes in C stocks following FIT pasture renewal by predicting (1) the C accumulation in the new 0-0.15 m layer and (2) the decomposition of buried-C in the new 0.15-0.30 m layer. In the 20 years following FIT pasture renewal, soil C was predicted to increase by an average of 7.3-10.3 (Sedimentary soils) and 9.6-12.7 t C ha-1 (Allophanic soils), depending on the assumptions applied. Adoption of FIT for pasture renewal across all suitable soils (2.0-2.6 M ha) in New Zealand was predicted to sequester ~20-36 Mt C, sufficient to offset 9.6-17.5% of the country's cumulative greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture over 20 years at the current rate of emissions. Given that grasslands account for ~70% of global agricultural land, FIT renewal of pastures or grassland could offer a significant opportunity to sequester soil C and offset greenhouse gas emissions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin J Lawrence-Smith
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Canterbury Agriculture and Science Centre, Christchurch Mail Centre, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Denis Curtin
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Canterbury Agriculture and Science Centre, Christchurch Mail Centre, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Mike H Beare
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Canterbury Agriculture and Science Centre, Christchurch Mail Centre, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Sam R McNally
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Canterbury Agriculture and Science Centre, Christchurch Mail Centre, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | | | - Roberto Calvelo Pereira
- Environmental Sciences Group, School of Agriculture & Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Mike J Hedley
- Environmental Sciences Group, School of Agriculture & Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Huang X, Wang KR, Zou YW, Cao XC. Development of global soil erosion research at the watershed scale: a bibliometric analysis of the past decade. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:12232-12244. [PMID: 33405142 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11888-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
At the watershed scale, soil erosion is a cascading system that includes detachment-transport-deposition processes while sediment yield is the net balance of detachment and deposition at the watershed outlet. Due to the temporal-spatial variations of rainfall and landscapes, the relationships between soil erosion and sediment yield are complex and non-linear. Soil erosion processes and sediment yield at the watershed scale have attracted widespread attention; however, few systematic studies have been performed. In this study, a bibliometric analysis and visualization are used to understand the global research status of soil erosion and sediment yield at the watershed scale and provide a reference for researchers to establish future research directions. The USA and China were the most active contributors and had the most publications and active institutions, while Jean Poesen, D.E. Walling, and Xingmin Mu were the top three lead authors in this field. A keyword evolution analysis showed that determining the relationship between soil erosion and the watershed landscape and identifying the sediment source and off-site environmental and ecological effects caused by soil erosion have attracted considerable research attention. Additionally, significant progress has been made in the study of "connectivity," and future research should integrate connectivity and soil erosion models to explain the soil erosion, sediment transport, and deposition processes at the watershed scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Huang
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Kai-Rui Wang
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Yu-Wen Zou
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Xin-Chun Cao
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Park SI, Yang HI, Park HJ, Seo BS, Jeong YJ, Lim SS, Kwak JH, Kim HY, Yoon KS, Lee SM, Choi WJ. Rice straw cover decreases soil erosion and sediment-bound C, N, and P losses but increases dissolved organic C export from upland maize fields as evidenced by δ 13C. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 753:142053. [PMID: 32896739 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Soil surface with crop residue is effective in reducing soil erosion and carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) losses from sloping fields. However, there is a high possibility that surface cover increases export of dissolved organic C (DOC) though relevant field studies under natural rainfall are lacking. In this study, the effects of surface cover with rice (Oryza sativa L.) straw on soil and CNP losses in both dissolved and sediment-bound forms from maize (Zea mays L.) fields were investigated under two fertilization levels (standard and double) × two types of runoff experiments (natural rainfall and artificial irrigation). Changes in soil properties including moisture, temperature, nutrients, and C concentration as well as maize yield were also examined. Surface cover decreased soil and total CNP losses by up to 82% across the experimental plots with some exceptions. However, surface cover increased DOC export in both natural (by 68-82% in total across all events) and artificial (by 3-4 fold) runoff, suggesting that crop residue cover may act as a DOC pollution source of water bodies. The contribution of rice straw to DOC, which was calculated using the δ13C of DOC from covered plots (-24.1 to -28.0‰) and control plots (-19.6 to -25.1‰), was 52.5-95.8%. The concentrations of K2SO4-extractable and microbial biomass C of the soils did not differ between covered and control plots, suggesting that DOC produced from rice straw was not incorporated into the soils, but rather, was washed out with surface runoff in this study. Surface cover increased maize growth and yield, particularly in double fertilization plots, through improved soil moisture, temperature, and nutrient conditions. To take full advantage of surface cover with crop residue, a further study on reducing DOC loss from crop residue needs to be conducted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Se-In Park
- Department of Rural & Bio-Systems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye In Yang
- Department of Rural & Bio-Systems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Hyun-Jin Park
- Department of Rural & Bio-Systems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Seong Seo
- Department of Rural & Bio-Systems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jae Jeong
- Department of Rural & Bio-Systems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Sun Lim
- Bio R&D Center, CJ Cheiljedang, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16495, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hyeob Kwak
- Department of Rural Construction Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo 57896, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Yong Kim
- Department of Applied Plant Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Sik Yoon
- Department of Rural & Bio-Systems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Mo Lee
- National Instrumentation Center for Environmental Management, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Jung Choi
- Department of Rural & Bio-Systems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; AgriBio Institute of Climate Change Management, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Guenet B, Gabrielle B, Chenu C, Arrouays D, Balesdent J, Bernoux M, Bruni E, Caliman JP, Cardinael R, Chen S, Ciais P, Desbois D, Fouche J, Frank S, Henault C, Lugato E, Naipal V, Nesme T, Obersteiner M, Pellerin S, Powlson DS, Rasse DP, Rees F, Soussana JF, Su Y, Tian H, Valin H, Zhou F. Can N 2 O emissions offset the benefits from soil organic carbon storage? GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:237-256. [PMID: 32894815 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
To respect the Paris agreement targeting a limitation of global warming below 2°C by 2100, and possibly below 1.5°C, drastic reductions of greenhouse gas emissions are mandatory but not sufficient. Large-scale deployment of other climate mitigation strategies is also necessary. Among these, increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks is an important lever because carbon in soils can be stored for long periods and land management options to achieve this already exist and have been widely tested. However, agricultural soils are also an important source of nitrous oxide (N2 O), a powerful greenhouse gas, and increasing SOC may influence N2 O emissions, likely causing an increase in many cases, thus tending to offset the climate change benefit from increased SOC storage. Here we review the main agricultural management options for increasing SOC stocks. We evaluate the amount of SOC that can be stored as well as resulting changes in N2 O emissions to better estimate the climate benefits of these management options. Based on quantitative data obtained from published meta-analyses and from our current level of understanding, we conclude that the climate mitigation induced by increased SOC storage is generally overestimated if associated N2 O emissions are not considered but, with the exception of reduced tillage, is never fully offset. Some options (e.g. biochar or non-pyrogenic C amendment application) may even decrease N2 O emissions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Guenet
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ-UPSCALAY, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Benoit Gabrielle
- UMR ÉcoSys, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Claire Chenu
- UMR ÉcoSys, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | | | - Jérôme Balesdent
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix en Provence, France
| | - Martial Bernoux
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Climate and Environment Division, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Bruni
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ-UPSCALAY, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | | | - Rémi Cardinael
- CIRAD, UPR AIDA, Harare, Zimbabwe
- AIDA, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
- Crop Science Department, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | | | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ-UPSCALAY, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Dominique Desbois
- UMR Économie publique, INRAE-AgroParisTech, Université Paris Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Julien Fouche
- Institut Agro, LISAH, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Stefan Frank
- IIASA, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Catherine Henault
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Emanuele Lugato
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Directorate for Sustainable Resources, Ispra, Italy
| | - Victoria Naipal
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ-UPSCALAY, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Thomas Nesme
- ISPA, INRAE, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Univ. Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Michael Obersteiner
- IIASA, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Sylvain Pellerin
- ISPA, INRAE, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Univ. Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - David S Powlson
- Department of Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - Daniel P Rasse
- Department of Biogeochemistry and Soil Quality, NIBIO - Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Frédéric Rees
- UMR ÉcoSys, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | | | - Yang Su
- UMR ÉcoSys, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Hanqin Tian
- International Center for Climate and Global Change Research, School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Hugo Valin
- IIASA, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Feng Zhou
- Sino-France Institute of Earth Systems Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Zhang H, Lauerwald R, Regnier P, Ciais P, Yuan W, Naipal V, Guenet B, Van Oost K, Camino‐Serrano M. Simulating Erosion-Induced Soil and Carbon Delivery From Uplands to Rivers in a Global Land Surface Model. JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS 2020; 12:e2020MS002121. [PMID: 33381276 PMCID: PMC7757180 DOI: 10.1029/2020ms002121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Global water erosion strongly affects the terrestrial carbon balance. However, this process is currently ignored by most global land surface models (LSMs) that are used to project the responses of terrestrial carbon storage to climate and land use changes. One of the main obstacles to implement erosion processes in LSMs is the high spatial resolution needed to accurately represent the effect of topography on soil erosion and sediment delivery to rivers. In this study, we present an upscaling scheme for including erosion-induced lateral soil organic carbon (SOC) movements into the ORCHIDEE LSM. This upscaling scheme integrates information from high-resolution (3″) topographic and soil erodibility data into a LSM forcing file at 0.5° spatial resolution. Evaluation of our model for the Rhine catchment indicates that it reproduces well the observed spatial and temporal (both seasonal and interannual) variations in river runoff and the sediment delivery from uplands to the river network. Although the average annual lateral SOC flux from uplands to the Rhine River network only amounts to 0.5% of the annual net primary production and 0.01% of the total SOC stock in the whole catchment, SOC loss caused by soil erosion over a long period (e.g., thousands of years) has the potential to cause a 12% reduction in the simulated equilibrium SOC stocks. Overall, this study presents a promising approach for including the erosion-induced lateral carbon flux from the land to aquatic systems into LSMs and highlights the important role of erosion processes in the terrestrial carbon balance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haicheng Zhang
- Department Geoscience, Environment and SocietyUniversité Libre de BruxellesBrusselsBelgium
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, IPSL‐LSCE CEA/CNRS/UVSQGif sur YvetteFrance
| | - Ronny Lauerwald
- Department Geoscience, Environment and SocietyUniversité Libre de BruxellesBrusselsBelgium
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, IPSL‐LSCE CEA/CNRS/UVSQGif sur YvetteFrance
| | - Pierre Regnier
- Department Geoscience, Environment and SocietyUniversité Libre de BruxellesBrusselsBelgium
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, IPSL‐LSCE CEA/CNRS/UVSQGif sur YvetteFrance
| | - Wenping Yuan
- School of Atmospheric ScienceSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Victoria Naipal
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, IPSL‐LSCE CEA/CNRS/UVSQGif sur YvetteFrance
- Department of GeosciencesÉcole Normale SupérieureParisFrance
| | - Bertrand Guenet
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, IPSL‐LSCE CEA/CNRS/UVSQGif sur YvetteFrance
| | - Kristof Van Oost
- UCLouvain, TECLIM ‐ Georges Lemaître Centre for Earth and Climate ResearchLouvain‐la‐NeuveBelgium
| | | |
Collapse
|