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Zhang DY, Li D, Chen SJ, Zhang LJ, Zhu XL, Chen FD, Chen C, Wang Q, Du Y, Xiong JX, Huang SM, Zhang XD, Lv YT, Zeng F, Chen RX, Huang X, Mao F, Zhou S, Yao Q, Huang Y, Chen R, Mo Y, Xie Y, Jiang YH, Chen Z, Mo CY, Chen JJ, Bai FH. Bacteroides uniformis-generated hexadecanedioic acid ameliorates metabolic-associated fatty liver disease. Gut Microbes 2025; 17:2508433. [PMID: 40413726 PMCID: PMC12118425 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2025.2508433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2025] [Revised: 04/28/2025] [Accepted: 05/14/2025] [Indexed: 05/27/2025] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota exerts a pivotal influence on the development of Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD), although the specific contributions of individual bacterial strains and their metabolites remain poorly defined. We conducted stool shotgun metagenomic sequencing and plasma untargeted metabolomics in a large prospective cohort comprising 120 MAFLD patients and 120 matched healthy controls. The mechanisms and microbial-derived metabolites involved in MAFLD were further investigated through multi-omics analyses in vitro and in vivo. Distinct differences were identified in both the microbial community structure and metabolomic profiles between MAFLD patients and healthy controls. Bacteroides uniformis (B. uniformis) was the most significantly depleted species in MAFLD and negatively correlated with hepatic steatosis and BMI. MAFLD was characterized by marked disruptions in fatty acid and amino acid metabolism. Combined analysis of metabolomic and metagenomic data achieved high diagnostic accuracy for MAFLD and hepatic steatosis severity (AUC = 0.93). Transplantation of fecal microbiota from MAFLD subjects into ABX mice led to the onset of MAFLD-like symptoms, whereas B. uniformis administration alleviate disease progression by inhibiting intestinal fat absorption, FFA from eWAT influx into liver via the gut-liver axis, and IRE1α-XBP1s-mediated flipogenesis and ferroptosis, as confirmed by hepatic transcriptomic and proteomic analyses. Hexadecanedioic acid (HDA), potentially identified as a key metabolite produced by B. uniformis, ameliorated MAFLD symptoms. Mechanistically, B. uniformis-derived HDA also inhibited fat absorption and transported, and entered the liver via the portal vein to suppress IRE1α-XBP1s-mediated flipogenesis and ferroptosis. B. uniformis and its potential putative metabolite HDA may contribute to MAFLD progression modulation, through regulation of the IRE1α-XBP1s axis. This study provides new insights into the gut-liver axis in MAFLD and offers promising therapeutic targets based on specific microbes and their metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Ya Zhang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Da Li
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Shi-Ju Chen
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Li-Jun Zhang
- Health Management Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Xu-Li Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Otog Front Banner People’s Hospital, Otog Front Banner, China
| | - Fa-Di Chen
- Wuzhishan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuzhishan, China
| | - Chen Chen
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Qi Wang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yiping Du
- Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Jian-Xin Xiong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hainan Second People’s Hospital, Wuzhishan, China
| | - Shi-Mei Huang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yan-Ting Lv
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Fan Zeng
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Run-Xiang Chen
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Xianfeng Huang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Fengjiao Mao
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Shuo Zhou
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Qicen Yao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yuliang Huang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Runyu Chen
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Ying Mo
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yunqian Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yue-Hong Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second People’s Hospital of Ledong Li Autonomous County, Ledong Li Autonomous County, China
| | - Zhai Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongfang People’s Hospital, Dongfang, China
| | - Cui-Yi Mo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qionghai People’s Hospital, Qionghai, China
| | - Jia-Jia Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qionghai People’s Hospital, Qionghai, China
| | - Fei-Hu Bai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Gastroenterology Clinical Medical Center of Hainan Province, Haikou, China
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2
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Nakagawa H. Lipogenesis and MASLD: re-thinking the role of SREBPs. Arch Toxicol 2025:10.1007/s00204-025-04052-w. [PMID: 40327083 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-025-04052-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2025] [Accepted: 03/27/2025] [Indexed: 05/07/2025]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide and a major risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Lipid metabolism, particularly de novo lipogenesis (DNL) regulated by sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs), plays a key role in MASLD progression. While excessive SREBP activation contributes to hepatic steatosis, our recent findings indicate that strong SREBP inhibition paradoxically exacerbates liver injury and accelerates carcinogenesis in murine MASLD models. Mechanistically, SREBP dysfunction disrupts phospholipid homeostasis, leading to impaired endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane fluidity, ER stress, and hepatocyte injury. Transcriptomic analysis of clinical samples revealed a dynamic shift in SREBP activity, with upregulation in early MASLD but significant downregulation in advanced, burned-out MASH. This suggests that SREBP dysfunction in advanced disease may contribute to fibrosis progression and increased HCC risk. Given these findings, therapeutic strategies targeting lipid metabolism in MASLD must be carefully tailored to disease stage. This review provides an updated perspective on the biphasic role of SREBP in MASLD, emphasizing the need to re-think lipid metabolism-targeted therapies and develop personalized interventions to mitigate disease progression and HCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Nakagawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mie University, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan.
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3
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Huo Y, Liu X, Lu C, Li T, Yang Z, Xu F, Chen S, Yin K, Wang L. Ceramide mediates cell-to-cell ER stress transmission by modulating membrane fluidity. J Cell Biol 2025; 224:e202405060. [PMID: 40136051 PMCID: PMC11938942 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202405060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 11/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2025] [Indexed: 03/27/2025] Open
Abstract
Under endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (ERS), cells initiate the unfolded protein response (UPR) to maintain ER homeostasis. Recent studies revealed ERS transmission between cells and tissues, by activating the cell-nonautonomous UPR in cells that do not experience ERS directly. Here, we report that ERS triggers a rapid release of ceramide independent of the UPR, but requiring the acid sphingomyelinase activity. Carried by lipoproteins, ceramide is delivered to receiving cells to induce the UPR and regulate cell functions at multiple aspects, including lipid accumulation, cell death, and cytokine production. Mechanistically, extracellular ceramide stimulates ceramide synthesis at the transcription level in receiving cells, leading to ceramide accumulation in the ER so as to reduce membrane fluidity to disrupt ER calcium homeostasis, thus activating the UPR. Sphingomyelin counterbalanced the effect of ceramide. UPR induction is the frontline response to protect cells from ceramide insult. Our study suggests ceramide-mediated ERS transmission as a universal cell-cell communication model regulating a wide range of physiological events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhen Huo
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xinlu Liu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Chen Lu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Tao Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zaili Yang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Fenfen Xu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Si Chen
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Kailin Yin
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Likun Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
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4
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Zarrella S, Miranda MR, Covelli V, Restivo I, Novi S, Pepe G, Tesoriere L, Rodriquez M, Bertamino A, Campiglia P, Tecce MF, Vestuto V. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Its Role in Metabolic Reprogramming of Cancer. Metabolites 2025; 15:221. [PMID: 40278350 PMCID: PMC12029571 DOI: 10.3390/metabo15040221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2025] [Revised: 03/14/2025] [Accepted: 03/18/2025] [Indexed: 04/26/2025] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress occurs when ER homeostasis is disrupted, leading to the accumulation of misfolded or unfolded proteins. This condition activates the unfolded protein response (UPR), which aims to restore balance or trigger cell death if homeostasis cannot be achieved. In cancer, ER stress plays a key role due to the heightened metabolic demands of tumor cells. This review explores how metabolomics can provide insights into ER stress-related metabolic alterations and their implications for cancer therapy. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted to analyze recent findings on ER stress, metabolomics, and cancer metabolism. Studies examining metabolic profiling of cancer cells under ER stress conditions were selected, with a focus on identifying potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Results: Metabolomic studies highlight significant shifts in lipid metabolism, protein synthesis, and oxidative stress management in response to ER stress. These metabolic alterations are crucial for tumor adaptation and survival. Additionally, targeting ER stress-related metabolic pathways has shown potential in preclinical models, suggesting new therapeutic strategies. Conclusions: Understanding the metabolic impact of ER stress in cancer provides valuable opportunities for drug development. Metabolomics-based approaches may help identify novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets, enhancing the effectiveness of antitumor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Zarrella
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (S.Z.); (M.R.M.); (S.N.); (G.P.); (A.B.); (P.C.); (M.F.T.)
| | - Maria Rosaria Miranda
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (S.Z.); (M.R.M.); (S.N.); (G.P.); (A.B.); (P.C.); (M.F.T.)
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Verdiana Covelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano, 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (V.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Ignazio Restivo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 28, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (I.R.); (L.T.)
| | - Sara Novi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (S.Z.); (M.R.M.); (S.N.); (G.P.); (A.B.); (P.C.); (M.F.T.)
| | - Giacomo Pepe
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (S.Z.); (M.R.M.); (S.N.); (G.P.); (A.B.); (P.C.); (M.F.T.)
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Luisa Tesoriere
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 28, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (I.R.); (L.T.)
| | - Manuela Rodriquez
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano, 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (V.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Alessia Bertamino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (S.Z.); (M.R.M.); (S.N.); (G.P.); (A.B.); (P.C.); (M.F.T.)
| | - Pietro Campiglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (S.Z.); (M.R.M.); (S.N.); (G.P.); (A.B.); (P.C.); (M.F.T.)
| | - Mario Felice Tecce
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (S.Z.); (M.R.M.); (S.N.); (G.P.); (A.B.); (P.C.); (M.F.T.)
| | - Vincenzo Vestuto
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (S.Z.); (M.R.M.); (S.N.); (G.P.); (A.B.); (P.C.); (M.F.T.)
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5
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Lucas D, Sarkar T, Niemeyer CY, Harnoss JC, Schneider M, Strowitzki MJ, Harnoss JM. IRE1 is a promising therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2025; 328:C806-C824. [PMID: 39819023 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00551.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2025] [Indexed: 01/19/2025]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Lucas
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tamal Sarkar
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic, and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Clara Y Niemeyer
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julian C Harnoss
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Schneider
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic, and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Moritz J Strowitzki
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic, and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jonathan M Harnoss
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic, and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Mullin SM, Kelly AJ, Ní Chathail MB, Norris S, Shannon CE, Roche HM. Macronutrient Modulation in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease-the Molecular Role of Fatty Acids compared with Sugars in Human Metabolism and Disease Progression. Adv Nutr 2025; 16:100375. [PMID: 39842721 PMCID: PMC11849631 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2024] [Revised: 12/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2025] [Indexed: 01/24/2025] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a significant public health concern, with its progression to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) and fibrosis leading to severe outcomes including cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver failure. Whereas obesity and excess energy intake are well-established contributors to the development and progression of MASLD, the distinct role of specific macronutrients is less clear. This review examines the mechanistic pathways through which dietary fatty acids and sugars contribute to the development of hepatic inflammation and fibrosis, offering a nuanced understanding of their respective roles in MASLD progression. In terms of addressing potential therapeutic options, human intervention studies that investigate whether modifying the intake of dietary fats and carbohydrates affects MASLD progression are reviewed. By integrating this evidence, this review seeks to bridge the gap in the understanding between the mechanisms of macronutrient-driven MASLD progression and the effect of altering the intake of these nutrients in the clinical setting and presents a foundation for future research into targeted dietary strategies for the treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinéad M Mullin
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, and Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland; Nutrigenomics Research Group, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aidan J Kelly
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Méabh B Ní Chathail
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, and Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland; Nutrigenomics Research Group, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Suzanne Norris
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Christopher E Shannon
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland; School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Helen M Roche
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, and Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland; Nutrigenomics Research Group, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland; Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland.
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7
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Shahbaz S, Rezaeifar M, Syed H, Redmond D, Terveart JWC, Osman M, Elahi S. Upregulation of olfactory receptors and neuronal-associated genes highlights complex immune and neuronal dysregulation in Long COVID patients. Brain Behav Immun 2025; 124:97-114. [PMID: 39615603 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2024] [Revised: 11/04/2024] [Accepted: 11/27/2024] [Indexed: 01/20/2025] Open
Abstract
A substantial portion of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 experience prolonged complications, known as Long COVID (LC). A subset of these patients exhibits the most debilitating symptoms, similar to those defined in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS). We performed bulk RNA sequencing (RNAseq) on the whole blood of LC with ME/CFS, at least 12 months post-onset of the acute disease, and compared them with controls. We found that LC patients had a distinct transcriptional profile compared to controls. Key findings include the upregulation of genes involved in immune dysregulation and neuronal development, such as Fezf2, BRINP2, HOXC12, MEIS2, ZFHX3, and RELN. These genes are linked to neuroinflammatory responses, cognitive impairments, and hematopoietic disturbances, suggesting ongoing neurological and immune disturbances in LC patients. RELN, encoding the Reelin protein, was notably elevated in LC patients, potentially serving as a biomarker for LC pathogenesis due to its role in inflammation and neuronal function. Immune cell analysis showed altered profiles in LC patients, with increased activated memory CD4 + T cells and neutrophils, and decreased regulatory T cells and NK cells, reflecting immune dysregulation. Changes in cytokine and chemokine expression further underscore the chronic inflammatory state in LC patients. Notably, a unique upregulation of olfactory receptors (ORs) suggest alternative roles for ORs in non-olfactory tissues. Pathway analysis revealed upregulation in ribosomal RNA processing, amino acid metabolism, protein synthesis, cell proliferation, DNA repair, and mitochondrial pathways, indicating heightened metabolic and immune demands. Conversely, downregulated pathways, such as VEGF signaling and TP53 activity, point to impaired tissue repair and cellular stress responses. Overall, our study underscores the complex interplay between immune and neuronal dysfunction in LC patients, providing insights into potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Future research is needed to fully understand the roles and interactions of these genes in LC pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Shahbaz
- Mike Petryk School of Dentistry, Division of Foundational Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E1, AB, Canada
| | - Maryam Rezaeifar
- Mike Petryk School of Dentistry, Division of Foundational Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E1, AB, Canada
| | - Hussein Syed
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E1, AB, Canada
| | - Desiree Redmond
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E1, AB, Canada
| | - Jan Willem Cohen Terveart
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E1, AB, Canada
| | - Mohammed Osman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E1, AB, Canada; Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E1, AB, Canada; Women and Children Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E1, AB, Canada.
| | - Shokrollah Elahi
- Mike Petryk School of Dentistry, Division of Foundational Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E1, AB, Canada; Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E1, AB, Canada; Women and Children Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E1, AB, Canada; Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E1, AB, Canada; Glycomics Institute of Alberta, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E1, AB, Canada.
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8
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Yamazaki A, Omura I, Kamikawa Y, Hide M, Tanaka A, Kaneko M, Imaizumi K, Saito A. Unfolded protein response modulates Tyrosinase levels and melanin production during melanogenesis. J Dermatol Sci 2025; 117:36-44. [PMID: 39818444 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2025.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2024] [Revised: 12/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2025] [Indexed: 01/18/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanocytes protect the body from ultraviolet radiation by synthesizing melanin. Tyrosinase, a key enzyme in melanin production, accumulates in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) during melanin synthesis, potentially causing ER stress. However, regulating ER function for melanin synthesis has been less studied than controlling Tyrosinase activity. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the regulatory mechanisms of melanin production, focusing on ER stress and the ER stress-induced response. METHODS B16 mouse melanoma cells induced to undergo melanogenesis were treated with unfolded protein response (UPR) inhibitors or chemical chaperones, and their effects on melanogenesis were analyzed. RESULTS During melanogenesis in B16 cells stimulated by alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), ER stress and UPR activation occurred, accompanied by increased Tyrosinase protein. Reducing IRE1 and ATF6 branch activity lowered melanin levels, while chemical chaperone treatment restored melanin production and increased Tyrosinase levels. CONCLUSION UPR activation, linked to elevated Tyrosinase levels, influences melanin production during melanogenesis. Modulating UPR can regulate melanin synthesis and provides a potential new approach for treating pigmentation disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akari Yamazaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Issei Omura
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Department of Frontier Science and Interdisciplinary Research, Faculty of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yasunao Kamikawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Michihiro Hide
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Department of Dermatology, Hiroshima City Hiroshima Citizens Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akio Tanaka
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kaneko
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kazunori Imaizumi
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Atsushi Saito
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Department of Frontier Science and Interdisciplinary Research, Faculty of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan.
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9
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Zhao K, Zhang H, Ding W, Yu X, Hou Y, Liu X, Li X, Wang X. Adipokines regulate the development and progression of MASLD through organellar oxidative stress. Hepatol Commun 2025; 9:e0639. [PMID: 39878681 PMCID: PMC11781772 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 12/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2025] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), which is increasingly being recognized as a leading cause of chronic liver pathology globally, is increasing. The pathophysiological underpinnings of its progression, which is currently under active investigation, involve oxidative stress. Human adipose tissue, an integral endocrine organ, secretes an array of adipokines that are modulated by dietary patterns and lifestyle choices. These adipokines intricately orchestrate regulatory pathways that impact glucose and lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial function, thereby influencing the evolution of hepatic steatosis and progression to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). This review examines recent data, underscoring the critical interplay of oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species, and redox signaling in adipokine-mediated mechanisms. The role of various adipokines in regulating the onset and progression of MASLD/MASH through mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress and the underlying mechanisms are discussed. Due to the emerging correlation between adipokines and the development of MASLD positions, these adipokines are potential targets for the development of innovative therapeutic interventions for MASLD management. A comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of MASLD/MASH is instrumental for identifying therapies for MASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhao
- Central laboratory, Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Central laboratory, Shandong Institute of Endocrine & Metabolic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Central laboratory, Jinan Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Central laboratory, Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Central laboratory, Shandong Institute of Endocrine & Metabolic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Central laboratory, Jinan Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Central laboratory, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenyu Ding
- Central laboratory, Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Central laboratory, Shandong Institute of Endocrine & Metabolic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Central laboratory, Jinan Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoshuai Yu
- Central laboratory, Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Central laboratory, Shandong Institute of Endocrine & Metabolic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Central laboratory, Jinan Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Central laboratory, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yanli Hou
- Central laboratory, Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Central laboratory, Shandong Institute of Endocrine & Metabolic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Central laboratory, Jinan Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xihong Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xinhua Li
- Central laboratory, Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Central laboratory, Shandong Institute of Endocrine & Metabolic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Central laboratory, Jinan Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- Central laboratory, Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Central laboratory, Shandong Institute of Endocrine & Metabolic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Central laboratory, Jinan Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
- First school of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
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10
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Barton BM, Son F, Verma A, Bal SK, Tang Q, Wang R, Umphred-Wilson K, Khan R, Trichka J, Dong H, Lentucci C, Chen X, Chen Y, Hong Y, Duy C, Elemento O, Melnick AM, Cao J, Chen X, Glimcher LH, Adoro S. IRE1α-XBP1 safeguards hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells by restricting pro-leukemogenic gene programs. Nat Immunol 2025; 26:200-214. [PMID: 39789376 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-024-02063-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2025]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells must mitigate myriad stressors throughout their lifetime to ensure normal blood cell generation. Here, we uncover unfolded protein response stress sensor inositol-requiring enzyme-1α (IRE1α) signaling in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) as a safeguard against myeloid leukemogenesis. Activated in part by an NADPH oxidase-2 mechanism, IRE1α-induced X-box binding protein-1 (XBP1) mediated repression of pro-leukemogenic programs exemplified by the Wnt-β-catenin pathway. Transcriptome analysis and genome-wide mapping of XBP1 targets in HSPCs identified an '18-gene signature' of XBP1-repressed β-catenin targets that were highly expressed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases with worse prognosis. Accordingly, IRE1α deficiency cooperated with a myeloproliferative oncogene in HSPCs to cause a lethal AML in mice, while genetic induction of XBP1 suppressed the leukemia stem cell program and activity of patient-derived AML cells. Thus, IRE1α-XBP1 signaling safeguards the integrity of the blood system by restricting pro-leukemogenic programs in HSPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan M Barton
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Francheska Son
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Akanksha Verma
- Institute of Computational Biomedicine, Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Saswat Kumar Bal
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Qianzi Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Katharine Umphred-Wilson
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Rehan Khan
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Josephine Trichka
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Han Dong
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Claudia Lentucci
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yinghua Chen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yuning Hong
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cihangir Duy
- Cancer Signaling and Epigenetics Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Institute of Computational Biomedicine, Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ari M Melnick
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jin Cao
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, James P. Allison Institute, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, James P. Allison Institute, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Laurie H Glimcher
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stanley Adoro
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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11
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Li M, Zhao B, Wang J, Zhang H, Yang Y, Song S, Psifidi A, Wu W, Loor JJ, Xu C. Caveolin 1 in bovine liver is associated with fatty acid-induced lipid accumulation and the endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response: Role in fatty liver development. J Dairy Sci 2025; 108:1007-1021. [PMID: 39343220 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-25349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Disruption of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis (i.e., ER stress) is intrinsically linked with lipid metabolism disorders in dairy cows. Caveolin 1 (CAV1) is a ubiquitously expressed membrane-associated scaffolding protein involved in regulating the secretory pathway within the ER. Whether inhibiting the activity of CAV1 affects the ER and its potential role in hepatic lipid deposition in dairy cows is unknown. Biopsies of liver tissue from Holstein cows (median DIM = 13 d, range = 5-21 d) diagnosed as healthy (n = 6; hepatic triacylglycerol (TAG) levels <1%; median milk production = 38.9 kg/d, interquartile range = 38.0-40.8 kg/d) or suffering from fatty liver (n = 6; hepatic TAG levels >5%; median milk production = 36.6 kg/d, interquartile range = 35.7-38.1 kg/d) revealed that fatty liver was associated with lower abundance of the CAV1 gene and protein, higher phosphorylation (p) levels of PERK and IRE1α, and increased abundance of the ATF6, GRP78, and CHOP proteins, and several unfolded protein response (UPR) genes (ATF4, sXBP1, and GRP78). Proteins related to de novo fatty acid synthesis, including ACC1, SREBP-1c, PPARγ, and downstream targets genes of SREBP1 (ACACA and FASN) also had greater abundance. This in vivo analysis highlighted a mechanistic link between CAV1 protein abundance, ER stress, and lipid metabolism in fatty liver. A mechanistic study was then performed in vitro with primary hepatocytes isolated from 5 healthy calves (weight = 40-45 kg; 1 d old). Initially, hepatocytes were treated with free fatty acid (FFA; 1.2 mM) for 1, 3, 6, or 12 h. Treatment with FFA reduced CAV1 protein abundance linearly while reducing abundance of ER stress-related proteins, phosphorylated [p-] IRE1α, p-PERK, GRP78, ATF6, and CHOP. Proteins related to de novo fatty acid synthesis (ACC1, SREBP-1c, PPARγ) also increased linearly, and lipid droplets accumulated progressively over time following FFA treatment. Subsequently, to assess the role of CAV1 in FFA-induced ER stress and de novo fatty acid synthesis, hepatocytes were transfected with pCMV-CAV1 (cattle)-3 × FLAG-Neo (plasmid construct [pc-]CAV1) plasmid to overexpress CAV1 or with siRNA to silence CAV1 (siCAV1) transcription. Overexpression of CAV1 alleviated ER stress by reducing levels of p-PERK and p-IRE1α, as well as protein abundance of ATF6, GRP78, CHOP, and several UPR genes (GRP78, ATF4, and sXBP1). Similarly, CAV1 overexpression decreased protein abundance of ACC1, SREBP-1c, PPARγ, and downstream targets genes of SREBP1 (ACACA and FASN). Conversely, silencing CAV1 exacerbated FFA-induced ER stress and de novo fatty acid synthesis. Considering the negative role of FFA-induced ER stress on lipid accumulation in hepatocytes, a second in vitro experiment involved hepatocytes treated with 0.5 μg/mL tunicamycin (TM; a typical ER stress inducer) for 24 h with or without overexpressing CAV1 (pc-CAV1). Overexpressing CAV1 reversed TM-induced increases in mRNA and protein associated with ER stress and de novo fatty acid synthesis. Furthermore, use of hepatocytes transfected with pc-CAV1 for 48 h and subjected to co-immunoprecipitation revealed that CAV1 interacts with IRE1α and ATF6. Overall, the data suggest that CAV1 may help reduce hepatic ER stress and mitigate fatty acid synthesis by binding to and inhibiting IRE1α and ATF6 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Bichen Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Huijing Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Yue Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Shihao Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Androniki Psifidi
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, United Kingdom
| | - Wenda Wu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Juan J Loor
- Mammalian NutriPhysio Genomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Chuang Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China.
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12
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Tak J, Kim YS, Kim SG. Roles of X-box binding protein 1 in liver pathogenesis. Clin Mol Hepatol 2025; 31:1-31. [PMID: 39355873 PMCID: PMC11791611 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2024.0441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 09/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) and viral liver infections presents significant challenges in modern healthcare and contributes to considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. Concurrently, metabolic dysfunctionassociated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has emerged as a major public health concern, reflecting the increasing rates of obesity and leading to more severe complications such as fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) is a distinct transcription factor with a basic-region leucine zipper structure, whose activity is regulated by alternative splicing in response to disruptions in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis and the unfolded protein response (UPR) activation. XBP1 interacts with a key signaling component of the highly conserved UPR and is critical in determining cell fate when responding to ER stress in liver diseases. This review aims to elucidate the emerging roles and molecular mechanisms of XBP1 in liver pathogenesis, focusing on its involvement in DILI, viral liver infections, MASLD, fibrosis/cirrhosis, and liver cancer. Understanding the multifaceted functions of XBP1 in these liver diseases offers insights into potential therapeutic strategies to restore ER homeostasis and mitigate liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon Tak
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Korea
| | - Yun Seok Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Geon Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Korea
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13
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Park SH, Fadhul T, Conroy LR, Clarke HA, Sun RC, Wallenius K, Boucher J, O’Mahony G, Boianelli A, Persson M, Jung S, Jang C, Loria AS, Martinez GJ, Kipp ZA, Bates EA, Hinds TD, Divanovic S, Softic S. Knockdown of ketohexokinase versus inhibition of its kinase activity exert divergent effects on fructose metabolism. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e184396. [PMID: 39418102 PMCID: PMC11623947 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.184396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 10/11/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Excessive fructose intake is a risk factor for the development of obesity and its complications. Targeting ketohexokinase (KHK), the first enzyme of fructose metabolism, has been investigated for the management of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). We compared the effects of systemic, small molecule inhibitor of KHK enzymatic activity with hepatocyte-specific, N-acetylgalactosamine siRNA-mediated knockdown of KHK in mice on an HFD. We measured KHK enzymatic activity, extensively quantified glycogen accumulation, performed RNA-Seq analysis, and enumerated hepatic metabolites using mass spectrometry. Both KHK siRNA and KHK inhibitor led to an improvement in liver steatosis; however, via substantially different mechanisms, KHK knockdown decreased the de novo lipogenesis pathway, whereas the inhibitor increased the fatty acid oxidation pathway. Moreover, KHK knockdown completely prevented hepatic fructolysis and improved glucose tolerance. Conversely, the KHK inhibitor only partially reduced fructolysis, but it also targeted triokinase, mediating the third step of fructolysis. This led to the accumulation of fructose-1 phosphate, resulting in glycogen accumulation, hepatomegaly, and impaired glucose tolerance. Overexpression of wild-type, but not kinase-dead, KHK in cultured hepatocytes increased hepatocyte injury and glycogen accumulation after treatment with fructose. The differences between KHK inhibition and knockdown are, in part, explained by the kinase-dependent and -independent effects of KHK on hepatic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Hyung Park
- Department of Pediatrics and Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and
| | - Taghreed Fadhul
- Department of Pediatrics and Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and
| | - Lindsey R. Conroy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Harrison A Clarke
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Advanced Spatial Biomolecule Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Ramon C. Sun
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Advanced Spatial Biomolecule Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Kristina Wallenius
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jeremie Boucher
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
- The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Alessandro Boianelli
- DMPK, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marie Persson
- DMPK, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sunhee Jung
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine; and Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Cholsoon Jang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine; and Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Analia S. Loria
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Genesee J. Martinez
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Zachary A. Kipp
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Evelyn A. Bates
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Terry D. Hinds
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Senad Divanovic
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; and Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Samir Softic
- Department of Pediatrics and Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Joslin Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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14
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Xu X, Mendoza A, Krumm CS, Su S, Acuña M, Bare CJ, Holman CD, Cortopassi M, Nicholls HT, Dartigue V, Hollenberg AN, Lee AH, Hagen SJ, Cohen DE. ChREBP-mediated up-regulation of Them1 coordinates thermogenesis with glycolysis and lipogenesis in response to chronic stress. Sci Signal 2024; 17:eadk7971. [PMID: 39626011 PMCID: PMC11817722 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adk7971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 11/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2025]
Abstract
Activation of thermogenic brown adipose tissue (BAT) and inducible beige adipose tissue (BeAT) is triggered by environmental or metabolic stimuli, including cold ambient temperatures and nutrient stress. Thioesterase superfamily member 1 (Them1), a long-chain fatty acyl-CoA thioesterase that is enriched in BAT, suppresses acute cold-induced thermogenesis. Here, we demonstrate that Them1 expression was induced in BAT and BeAT by the carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) in response to chronic cold exposure or to the activation of the integrated stress response (ISR) by nutrient excess. Under either condition, Them1 suppressed energy expenditure. Consequently, mice lacking Them1 in BAT and BeAT exhibited resistance to obesity and glucose intolerance induced by feeding with a high-fat diet. During chronic cold exposure or ISR activation, Them1 accumulated in the nucleus, where it interacted with ChREBP and reduced the expression of its target genes, including those encoding enzymes that mediate glycolysis and de novo lipogenesis. These findings demonstrate that in response to chronic cold- or nutrient-induced stress, the induction of Them1 by ChREBP limits thermogenesis while coordinately reducing glucose utilization and lipid biosynthesis through its distinct cytoplasmic and nuclear activities. Targeted inhibition of Them1 could be a potential therapeutic approach to increase the activity of BAT and BeAT to enhance energy expenditure in the management of obesity-associated metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Xu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Arturo Mendoza
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Christopher S. Krumm
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Shi Su
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mariana Acuña
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Curtis J. Bare
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Corey D. Holman
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Marissa Cortopassi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hayley T. Nicholls
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Vincent Dartigue
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anthony N. Hollenberg
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ann-Hwee Lee
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Present address: Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Susan J. Hagen
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David E. Cohen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Lead contact
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15
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Hur S, Jeong H, Kim K, Kim KH, Kim SH, Lee Y, Nam KT. MIST1 regulates endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced hepatic apoptosis as a candidate marker of fatty liver disease progression. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:805. [PMID: 39516480 PMCID: PMC11549289 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-07217-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 10/30/2024] [Accepted: 11/01/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
The liver regenerates after injury; however, prolonged injury can lead to chronic inflammation, fatty liver disease, fibrosis, and cancer. The mechanism involving the complex pathogenesis of the progression of liver injury to chronic liver disease remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the dynamics of gene expression associated with the progression of liver disease. We analyzed changes in gene expression over time in a mouse model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced fibrosis using high-throughput RNA sequencing. Prolonged CCl4-induced liver injury increased the expression levels of genes associated with the unfolded protein response (UPR), which correlated with the duration of injury, with substantial, progressive upregulation of muscle, intestine, and stomach expression 1 (Mist1, bhlha15) in the mouse fibrosis model and other liver-damaged tissues. Knockdown of MIST1 in HepG2 cells decreased tribbles pseudokinase 3 (TRIB3) levels and increased apoptosis, consistent with the patterns detected in Mist1-knockout mice. MIST1 expression was confirmed in liver tissues from patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis and alcoholic steatohepatitis (MASH) and correlated with disease progression. In conclusion, MIST1 is expressed in hepatocytes in response to damage, suggesting a new indicator of liver disease progression. Our results suggest that MIST1 plays a key role in the regulation of apoptosis and TRIB3 expression contributing to progressive liver disease after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumin Hur
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Haengdueng Jeong
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keunyoung Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University College of Pharmacy, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Kwang H Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Hee Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yura Lee
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Taek Nam
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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16
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Zhao W, Wang X, Nie W, Jiang M, Zhao Y, Zhang T, Ding Y. Zhimu-Huangbai herb-pair ameliorates hepatic steatosis in mice by regulating IRE1α/XBP1s pathway to inhibit SREBP-1c. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 134:156017. [PMID: 39265443 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.156017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, there is a lack of validated pharmacological interventions for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is characterized by the accumulation of hepatic triglyceride. Zhimu-Huangbai (ZH) herb-pair is a traditional Chinese medicine that regulates glucose and lipid metabolism disorders. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the preventive effects of hepatic triglyceride induced by high-fat diet (HFD) remain elusive. PURPOSE The study aimed to examine the impact of ZH herb-pair on NAFLD in mice and explore the underlying mechanisms, particularly its effects on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and lipid metabolism. METHODS NAFLD was induced in mice using HFD, and the treated mice were orally administered ZH, metformin (Glucophage) or lovastatin. The lipid metabolism factors, ER stress markers, and the unfolded protein response (UPR) branch factors were measured using immunohistochemistry, western blotting or qRT-PCR. Co-Immunoprecipitation (CoIP) was performed to reveal the connection between SCAP and SREBP-1c. Tunicamycin (TM) and plasmid delivery were used to induce acute ER stress or crease XBP1 gain function models. The main compounds in ZH binding to IRE1α protein were studied by molecular docking and cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA). RESULTS Treatment with ZH significantly ameliorated hepatic steatosis and reduced lipid synthesis process mainly inhibiting the expression of mature active form of SREBP-1c through relieving ER stress. The expression of IRE1α and XBP1s was inhibited after treatment with ZH. In addition, ZH improved the fatty liver phenotype caused by XBP1 overexpression via decreasing srebp1c transcription. In vitro experimental results suggested that the main compounds in ZH decreased cellular TG contents. Mechanistically, ZH targeted IRE1α and inhibited XBP1s mRNA expression to relieve ER stress and inhibit SREBP-1c production. CONCLUSIONS ZH herb-pair can protect against NAFLD by reducing the expression of SREBP-1c, in part, via regulating IRE1α/XBP1s pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Wenlong Nie
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Min Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Tong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
| | - Yue Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China; National Innovation Platform for Medical Industry-education Integration, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
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17
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Hwang SM, Awasthi D, Jeong J, Sandoval TA, Chae CS, Ramos Y, Tan C, Marin Falco M, Salvagno C, Emmanuelli A, McBain IT, Mishra B, Ivashkiv LB, Zamarin D, Cantillo E, Chapman-Davis E, Holcomb K, Morales DK, Yu X, Rodriguez PC, Conejo-Garcia JR, Kaczocha M, Vähärautio A, Song M, Cubillos-Ruiz JR. Transgelin 2 guards T cell lipid metabolism and antitumour function. Nature 2024; 635:1010-1018. [PMID: 39443795 PMCID: PMC11949091 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-08071-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024]
Abstract
Mounting effective immunity against pathogens and tumours relies on the successful metabolic programming of T cells by extracellular fatty acids1-3. Fatty-acid-binding protein 5 (FABP5) has a key role in this process by coordinating the efficient import and trafficking of lipids that fuel mitochondrial respiration to sustain the bioenergetic requirements of protective CD8+ T cells4,5. However, the mechanisms that govern this immunometabolic axis remain unexplored. Here we report that the cytoskeletal organizer transgelin 2 (TAGLN2) is necessary for optimal fatty acid uptake, mitochondrial respiration and anticancer function in CD8+ T cells. TAGLN2 interacts with FABP5 to facilitate its cell surface localization and function in activated CD8+ T cells. Analyses of ovarian cancer specimens revealed that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress responses induced by the tumour microenvironment repress TAGLN2 in infiltrating CD8+ T cells, thereby enforcing their dysfunctional state. Restoring TAGLN2 expression in ER-stressed CD8+ T cells increased their lipid uptake, mitochondrial respiration and cytotoxic capacity. Accordingly, chimeric antigen receptor T cells overexpressing TAGLN2 bypassed the detrimental effects of tumour-induced ER stress and demonstrated therapeutic efficacy in mice with metastatic ovarian cancer. Our study establishes the role of cytoskeletal TAGLN2 in T cell lipid metabolism and highlights the potential to enhance cellular immunotherapy in solid malignancies by preserving the TAGLN2-FABP5 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Min Hwang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Deepika Awasthi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jieun Jeong
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tito A Sandoval
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chang-Suk Chae
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Yusibeska Ramos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chen Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matías Marin Falco
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Camilla Salvagno
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Emmanuelli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ian T McBain
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bikash Mishra
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
- HSS Research Institute and David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lionel B Ivashkiv
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
- HSS Research Institute and David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dmitriy Zamarin
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Evelyn Cantillo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eloise Chapman-Davis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kevin Holcomb
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Diana K Morales
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Yu
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Paulo C Rodriguez
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jose R Conejo-Garcia
- Department of Integrated Immunobiology, Duke School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Martin Kaczocha
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Stony Brook University Pain and Analgesia Research Center (SPARC), Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Anna Vähärautio
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Foundation for the Finnish Cancer Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minkyung Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Departments of Integrative Biotechnology and of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Juan R Cubillos-Ruiz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA.
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18
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Giannotti L, Stanca E, Di Chiara Stanca B, Spedicato F, Massaro M, Quarta S, Del Rio D, Mena P, Siculella L, Damiano F. Coffee Bioactive N-Methylpyridinium: Unveiling Its Antilipogenic Effects by Targeting De Novo Lipogenesis in Human Hepatocytes. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2400338. [PMID: 39370560 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202400338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE Type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLDs) are promoted by insulin resistance (IR), which alters lipid homeostasis in the liver. This study aims to investigate the effect of N-methylpyridinium (NMP), a bioactive alkaloid of coffee brew, on lipid metabolism in hepatocytes. METHODS AND RESULTS The effect of NMP in modulating lipid metabolism is evaluated at physiological concentrations in a diabetes cell model represented by HepG2 cells cultured in a high-glucose medium. Hyperglycemia triggers lipid droplet accumulation in cells and enhances the lipogenic gene expression, which is transactivated by sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1). Lipid droplet accumulation alters the redox status and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, leading to the activation of the unfolded protein response and antioxidative pathways by X-Box Binding Protein 1(XBP-1)/eukaryotic Initiation Factor 2 alpha (eIF2α) Protein Kinase RNA-Like ER Kinase and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), respectively. NMP induces the phosphorylation of AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase α (ACACA), and improves the redox status and ER homeostasis, essential steps to reduce lipogenesis and lipid droplet accumulation. CONCLUSION These results suggest that NMP may be beneficial for the management of T2D and NAFLD by ameliorating the cell oxidative and ER homeostasis and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Giannotti
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DiMeS), University of Salento, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Eleonora Stanca
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DiMeS), University of Salento, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Spedicato
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DiMeS), University of Salento, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Marika Massaro
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), National Research Council (CNR), Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Stefano Quarta
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), National Research Council (CNR), Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, 43125, Italy
| | - Pedro Mena
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, 43125, Italy
| | - Luisa Siculella
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DiMeS), University of Salento, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Damiano
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DiMeS), University of Salento, Lecce, 73100, Italy
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19
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Andres M, Hennuyer N, Zibar K, Bicharel-Leconte M, Duplan I, Enée E, Vallez E, Herledan A, Loyens A, Staels B, Deprez B, van Endert P, Deprez-Poulain R, Lancel S. Insulin-degrading enzyme inhibition increases the unfolded protein response and favours lipid accumulation in the liver. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:3610-3626. [PMID: 38812293 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease refers to liver pathologies, ranging from steatosis to steatohepatitis, with fibrosis ultimately leading to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although several mechanisms have been suggested, including insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and inflammation, its pathophysiology remains imperfectly understood. Over the last decade, a dysfunctional unfolded protein response (UPR) triggered by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress emerged as one of the multiple driving factors. In parallel, growing evidence suggests that insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE), a highly conserved and ubiquitously expressed metallo-endopeptidase originally discovered for its role in insulin decay, may regulate ER stress and UPR. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We investigated, by genetic and pharmacological approaches, in vitro and in vivo, whether IDE modulates ER stress-induced UPR and lipid accumulation in the liver. KEY RESULTS We found that IDE-deficient mice display higher hepatic triglyceride content along with higher inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) pathway activation. Upon induction of ER stress by tunicamycin or palmitate in vitro or in vivo, pharmacological inhibition of IDE, using its inhibitor BDM44768, mainly exacerbated ER stress-induced IRE1 activation and promoted lipid accumulation in hepatocytes, effects that were abolished by the IRE1 inhibitors 4μ8c and KIRA6. Finally, we identified that IDE knockout promotes lipolysis in adipose tissue and increases hepatic CD36 expression, which may contribute to steatosis. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS These results unravel a novel role for IDE in the regulation of ER stress and development of hepatic steatosis. These findings pave the way to innovative strategies modulating IDE to treat metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Andres
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - EGID Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Nathalie Hennuyer
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Khamis Zibar
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | | | - Isabelle Duplan
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Enée
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, CNRS, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Vallez
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Adrien Herledan
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - EGID Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, Lille, France
| | - Anne Loyens
- Univ. Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre Aubert Neurosciences et Cancer, Lille, France
| | - Bart Staels
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Benoit Deprez
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - EGID Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, Lille, France
| | - Peter van Endert
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, CNRS, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
- Service immunologie biologique, AP-HP, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Rebecca Deprez-Poulain
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - EGID Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, Lille, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - Steve Lancel
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, Lille, France
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20
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Białek W, Hryniewicz-Jankowska A, Czechowicz P, Sławski J, Collawn JF, Czogalla A, Bartoszewski R. The lipid side of unfolded protein response. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2024; 1869:159515. [PMID: 38844203 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Although our current knowledge of the molecular crosstalk between the ER stress, the unfolded protein response (UPR), and lipid homeostasis remains limited, there is increasing evidence that dysregulation of either protein or lipid homeostasis profoundly affects the other. Most research regarding UPR signaling in human diseases has focused on the causes and consequences of disrupted protein folding. The UPR itself consists of very complex pathways that function to not only maintain protein homeostasis, but just as importantly, modulate lipid biogenesis to allow the ER to adjust and promote cell survival. Lipid dysregulation is known to activate many aspects of the UPR, but the complexity of this crosstalk remains a major research barrier. ER lipid disequilibrium and lipotoxicity are known to be important contributors to numerous human pathologies, including insulin resistance, liver disease, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Despite their medical significance and continuous research, however, the molecular mechanisms that modulate lipid synthesis during ER stress conditions, and their impact on cell fate decisions, remain poorly understood. Here we summarize the current view on crosstalk and connections between altered lipid metabolism, ER stress, and the UPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Białek
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Paulina Czechowicz
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Sławski
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - James F Collawn
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Aleksander Czogalla
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Bartoszewski
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland.
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21
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Casey AK, Stewart NM, Zaidi N, Gray HF, Cox A, Fields HA, Orth K. FicD regulates adaptation to the unfolded protein response in the murine liver. Biochimie 2024; 225:114-124. [PMID: 38740171 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a cellular stress response that is activated when misfolded proteins accumulate in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Regulation of the UPR response must be adapted to the needs of the cell as prolonged UPR responses can result in disrupted cellular function and tissue damage. Previously, we discovered that the enzyme FicD (also known as Fic or HYPE) through its AMPylation and deAMPylation activity can modulate the UPR response via post-translational modification of BiP. FicD AMPylates BiP during homeostasis and deAMPylates BiP during stress. We hypothesized that FicD regulation of the UPR will play a role in mitigating the deleterious effects of UPR activation in tissues with frequent physiological stress. Here, we explore the role of FicD in the murine liver. As seen in our pancreatic studies, livers lacking FicD exhibit enhanced UPR signaling in response to short term physiologic fasting and feeding stress. However, in contrast to studies on the pancreas, livers, as a more regenerative tissue, remained remarkably resilient in the absence of FicD. The livers of FicD-/- did not show marked changes in UPR signaling or damage after either chronic high fat diet (HFD) feeding or acute pathological UPR induction. Intriguingly, FicD-/- mice showed changes in UPR induction and weight loss patterns following repeated pathological UPR induction. These findings indicate that FicD regulates UPR responses during mild physiological stress and in adaptation to repeated stresses, but there are tissue specific differences in the requirement for FicD regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K Casey
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Nathan M Stewart
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Naqi Zaidi
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Hillery F Gray
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Amelia Cox
- Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA, 24450, USA
| | - Hazel A Fields
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Kim Orth
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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22
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Kim DH. Endoplasmic reticulum stress induces hepatic steatosis through interaction between PPARα and FoxO6 in vivo and in vitro. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024; 102:1267-1284. [PMID: 39198274 PMCID: PMC11416408 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-024-02480-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a major cause of hepatic steatosis through increasing de novo lipogenesis. Forkhead box O6 (FoxO6) is a transcription factor mediating insulin signaling to glucose and lipid metabolism. Therefore, dysregulated FoxO6 is involved in hepatic lipogenesis. This study elucidated the role of FoxO6 in ER stress-induced hepatic steatosis in vivo and in vitro. Hepatic ER stress responses and β-oxidation were monitored in mice overexpressed with constitutively active FoxO6 allele and FoxO6-null mice. For the in vitro study, liver cells overexpressing constitutively active FoxO6 and FoxO6-siRNA were treated with high glucose, and lipid metabolism alterations were measured. ER stress-induced FoxO6 activation suppressed hepatic β-oxidation in vivo. The expression and transcriptional activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) were significantly decreased in the constitutively active FoxO6 allele. Otherwise, inhibiting β-oxidation genes were reduced in the FoxO6-siRNA and FoxO6-KO mice. Our data showed that the FoxO6-induced hepatic lipid accumulation was negatively regulated by insulin signaling. High glucose treatment as a hyperglycemia condition caused the expression of ER stress-inducible genes, which was deteriorated by FoxO6 activation in liver cells. However, high glucose-mediated ER stress suppressed β-oxidation gene expression through interactions between PPARα and FoxO6 corresponding to findings in the in vivo study-lipid catabolism is also regulated by FoxO6. Furthermore, insulin resistance suppressed b-oxidation through the interaction between FoxO6 and PPARα promotes hepatic steatosis, which, due to hyperglycemia-induced ER stress, impairs insulin signaling. KEY MESSAGES: Our original aims were to delineate the interrelation between the regulation of PPARα and the transcription factor FoxO6 pathway in relation to lipid metabolism at molecular levels. Evidence on high glucose promoted FoxO6 activation induced lipid accumulation in liver cells. The effect of PPARα activation of the insulin signaling. FoxO6 plays a pivotal role in hepatic lipid accumulation through inactivation of PPARα in FoxO6-overexpression mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Hyun Kim
- Department of Food Science & Technology, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang-Si, Gyeongsangnam-Do, 50463, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Yang L, Lin W, Yan X, Zhang Z. Comparative effects of lifelong moderate-intensity continuous training and high-intensity interval training on blood lipid levels and mental well-being in naturally ageing mice. Exp Gerontol 2024; 194:112519. [PMID: 38992822 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the impact of lifelong exercise, including both moderate-intensity continuous training and high-intensity interval training, on blood lipid levels and mental behaviour in naturally ageing mice to identify effective exercise strategies for ageing-related health issues. METHODS Six-week-old male BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to one of four groups: young control (YC), natural ageing control (OC), lifelong moderate-intensity continuous exercise (EM), and lifelong high-intensity interval exercise (EH) groups. The EM group was trained at a speed corresponding to 70 % of the maximum running speed, while the EH group was trained at a running speed alternating between 50 % of the maximum running speed, 70 % of the maximum running speed, and 90 % of the maximum running speed. All exercise sessions were conducted three times per week, with each session lasting 50 min. Behavioural tests and blood sample collection were conducted at 72 weeks of age. RESULTS Ageing in mice led to changes in muscle and fat mass. Both the EM and EH groups showed greater muscle mass and lower fat mass than did the OC group. Ageing was associated with elevated anxiety (fewer open arm entries, time spent in the central region) and depression (lower sucrose preference) indicators. However, these changes were reversed in both exercise groups, with no differences between the two exercise groups. Blood lipid levels, including total cholesterol (TC), total triglycerides (TGs), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and free fatty acid (FFA) levels, were greater in the OC group than in the YC group. Additionally, the OC group exhibited lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. However, both the EM and EH groups exhibited improved lipid profiles compared to those of the YC group. CONCLUSION Lifelong exercise, whether moderate-intensity continuous or high-intensity interval training, can preserve body health during ageing, prevent anxiety and depression, and maintain stable blood lipid levels. Both exercise types are equally effective, suggesting that exercise intensity may not be the critical factor underlying these beneficial adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yang
- School of Physical Education, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512000, Guangdong, China; Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia
| | - Wentao Lin
- School of Physical Education and Health, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai 519090, Guangdong, China
| | - Xu Yan
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia
| | - Zhishang Zhang
- Department of Physical Education, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, China.
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24
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Liu Y, Xu C, Gu R, Han R, Li Z, Xu X. Endoplasmic reticulum stress in diseases. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e701. [PMID: 39188936 PMCID: PMC11345536 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a key organelle in eukaryotic cells, responsible for a wide range of vital functions, including the modification, folding, and trafficking of proteins, as well as the biosynthesis of lipids and the maintenance of intracellular calcium homeostasis. A variety of factors can disrupt the function of the ER, leading to the aggregation of unfolded and misfolded proteins within its confines and the induction of ER stress. A conserved cascade of signaling events known as the unfolded protein response (UPR) has evolved to relieve the burden within the ER and restore ER homeostasis. However, these processes can culminate in cell death while ER stress is sustained over an extended period and at elevated levels. This review summarizes the potential role of ER stress and the UPR in determining cell fate and function in various diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic diseases, autoimmune diseases, fibrotic diseases, viral infections, and cancer. It also puts forward that the manipulation of this intricate signaling pathway may represent a novel target for drug discovery and innovative therapeutic strategies in the context of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Liu
- Department of Aviation Clinical Medicine, Air Force Medical CenterPLABeijingChina
| | - Chunling Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Renjun Gu
- School of Chinese MedicineNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyJinling HospitalMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Ruiqin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular BiologyDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyInstitute of Basic Medical SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Ziyu Li
- School of Acupuncture and TuinaSchool of Regimen and RehabilitationNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Xianrong Xu
- Department of Aviation Clinical Medicine, Air Force Medical CenterPLABeijingChina
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25
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Kim G, Yoon KS, Ha J, Kang I, Choe W. The PPIase Activity of CypB Is Essential for the Activation of Both AKT/mTOR and XBP1s Signaling Pathways during the Differentiation of 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes. Nutrients 2024; 16:2465. [PMID: 39125345 PMCID: PMC11313753 DOI: 10.3390/nu16152465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we undertook an extensive investigation to determine how CypB PPIase activity affects preadipocyte differentiation and lipid metabolism. Our findings revealed that inhibition of CypB's PPIase activity suppressed the expression of crucial proteins involved in adipocyte differentiation and induced changes in proteins regulating the cell cycle. Furthermore, we clarified the impact of CypB's PPIase activity on lipid metabolism via the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Additionally, we demonstrated the involvement of CypB's PPIase activity in lipid metabolism through the XBP1s pathway. These discoveries offer invaluable insights for devising innovative therapeutic strategies aimed at treating and averting obesity and its related health complications. Targeting CypB's PPIase activity may emerge as a promising avenue for addressing obesity-related conditions. Furthermore, our research opens up opportunities for creating new therapeutic strategies by enhancing our comprehension of the processes involved in cellular endoplasmic reticulum stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyuhui Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (G.K.); (K.-S.Y.); (J.H.); (I.K.)
| | - Kyung-Sik Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (G.K.); (K.-S.Y.); (J.H.); (I.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohun Ha
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (G.K.); (K.-S.Y.); (J.H.); (I.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Insug Kang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (G.K.); (K.-S.Y.); (J.H.); (I.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonchae Choe
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (G.K.); (K.-S.Y.); (J.H.); (I.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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26
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Chakraborty S, Anand S, Bhandari RK. Medaka liver developed Human NAFLD-NASH transcriptional signatures in response to ancestral bisphenol A exposure. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4585175. [PMID: 39070641 PMCID: PMC11275980 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4585175/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The progression of fatty liver disease to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a leading cause of death in humans. Lifestyles and environmental chemical exposures can increase the susceptibility of humans to NASH. In humans, the presence of bisphenol A (BPA) in urine is associated with fatty liver disease, but whether ancestral BPA exposure leads to the activation of human NAFLD-NASH-associated genes in the unexposed descendants is unclear. In this study, using medaka fish as an animal model for human NAFLD, we investigated the transcriptional signatures of human NAFLD-NASH and their associated roles in the pathogenesis of the liver of fish that were not directly exposed, but their ancestors were exposed to BPA during embryonic and perinatal development three generations prior. Comparison of bulk RNA-Seq data of the liver in BPA lineage male and female medaka with publicly available human NAFLD-NASH patient data revealed transgenerational alterations in the transcriptional signature of human NAFLD-NASH in medaka liver. Twenty percent of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were upregulated in both human NAFLD patients and medaka. Specifically in females, among the total shared DEGs in the liver of BPA lineage fish and NAFLD patient groups, 27.69% were downregulated, and 20% were upregulated. Of all DEGs, 52.31% of DEGs were found in ancestral BPA-lineage females, suggesting that NAFLD in females shared the majority of human NAFLD gene networks. Pathway analysis revealed beta-oxidation, lipoprotein metabolism, and HDL/LDL-mediated transport processes linked to downregulated DEGs in BPA lineage males and females. In contrast, the expression of genes encoding lipogenesis-related proteins was significantly elevated in the liver of BPA lineage females only. BPA lineage females exhibiting activation of myc, atf4, xbp1, stat4, and cancerous pathways, as well as inactivation of igf1, suggest their possible association with an advanced NAFLD phenotype. The present results suggest that gene networks involved in the progression of human NAFLD and the transgenerational NAFLD in medaka are conserved and that medaka can be an excellent animal model to understand the development and progression of liver disease and environmental influences in the liver.
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27
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Zhu M, Cheng Y, Zuo L, Bin B, Shen H, Meng T, Wu Z, Rao P, Tang Y, Li S, Xu H, Sun G, Wang H, Zhang G, Liu J. siRNA-loaded folic acid-modified TPGS alleviate MASH via targeting ER stress sensor XBP1 and reprogramming macrophages. Int J Biol Sci 2024; 20:3823-3841. [PMID: 39113706 PMCID: PMC11302883 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.96113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages show high plasticity and play a vital role in the progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1), a key sensor of the unfolded protein response, can modulate macrophage-mediated pro-inflammatory responses in the pathogenesis of MASH. However, how XBP1 influences macrophage plasticity and promotes MASH progression remains unclear. Herein, we formulated an Xbp1 siRNA delivery system based on folic acid modified D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate nanoparticles (FT@XBP1) to explore the precise role of macrophage-specific Xbp1 deficiency in the progression of MASH. FT@XBP1 was specifically internalized into hepatic macrophages and subsequently inhibited the expression of spliced XBP1 both in vitro and in vivo. It promoted M1-phenotype macrophage repolarization to M2 macrophages, reduced the release of pro-inflammatory factors, and alleviated hepatic steatosis, liver injury, and fibrosis in mice with fat-, fructose- and cholesterol-rich diet-induced MASH. Mechanistically, FT@XBP1 promoted macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype and enhanced the release of exosomes that could inhibit the activation of hepatic stellate cells. A promising macrophage-targeted siRNA delivery system was revealed to pave a promising strategy in the treatment of MASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui Province, China
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yong Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Li Zuo
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei230032, Anhui, China
| | - Bao Bin
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Haiyuan Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui Province, China
| | - Tao Meng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zihao Wu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui Province, China
| | - Peng Rao
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui Province, China
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yue Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui Province, China
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Shuojiao Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui Province, China
| | - Honghai Xu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui Province, China
| | - Guoping Sun
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui Province, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui Province, China
| | - Guiyang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jiatao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui Province, China
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28
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Mahmoudi A, Jalili A, Butler AE, Aghaee-Bakhtiari SH, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Exploration of the Key Genes Involved in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Possible MicroRNA Therapeutic Targets. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2024; 14:101365. [PMID: 38433957 PMCID: PMC10904918 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2024.101365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are promising therapeutic agents for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study aimed to identify key genes/proteins involved in NAFLD pathogenesis and progression and to evaluate miRNAs influencing their expression. Methods Gene expression profiles from datasets GSE151158, GSE163211, GSE135251, GSE167523, GSE46300, and online databases were analyzed to identify significant NAFLD-related genes. Then, protein-protein interaction networks and module analysis identified hub genes/proteins, which were validated using real-time PCR in oleic acid-treated HepG2 cells. Functional enrichment analysis evaluated signaling pathways and biological processes. Gene-miRNA interaction networks identified miRNAs targeting critical NAFLD genes. Results The most critical overexpressed hub genes/proteins included: TNF, VEGFA, TLR4, CYP2E1, ACE, SCD, FASN, SREBF2, and TGFB1 based on PPI network analysis, of which TNF, TLR4, SCD, FASN, SREBF2, and TGFB1 were up-regulated in oleic acid-treated HepG2 cells. Functional enrichment analysis for biological processes highlighted programmed necrotic cell death, lipid metabolic process response to reactive oxygen species, and inflammation. In the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis, the highest adjusted P-value signaling pathways encompassed AGE-RAGE in diabetic complications, TNF, and HIF-1 signaling pathways. In gene-miRNA network analysis, miR-16 and miR-124 were highlighted as the miRNAs exerting the most influence on important NAFLD-related genes. Conclusion In silico analyses identified NAFLD therapeutic targets and miRNA candidates to guide further experimental investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mahmoudi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Amin Jalili
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | | | - Seyed H. Aghaee-Bakhtiari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran
- Bioinformatics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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29
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Zhang T, Zhao F, Hu Y, Wei J, Cui F, Lin Y, Jin Y, Sheng X. Environmental monobutyl phthalate exposure promotes liver cancer via reprogrammed cholesterol metabolism and activation of the IRE1α-XBP1s pathway. Oncogene 2024; 43:2355-2370. [PMID: 38879588 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-03086-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Humans are widely exposed to phthalates, a major chemical plasticizer that accumulates in the liver. However, little is known about the impact of chronic phthalate exposure on liver cancer development. In this study, we applied a long-term cell culture model by treating the liver cancer cell HepG2 and normal hepatocyte L02 to environmental dosage of monobutyl phthalate (MBP), the main metabolite of phthalates. Interestingly, we found that long-term MBP exposure significantly accelerated the growth of HepG2 cells in vitro and in vivo, but barely altered the function of L02 cells. MBP exposure triggered reprogramming of lipid metabolism in HepG2 cells, where cholesterol accumulation subsequently activated the IRE1α-XBP1s axis of the unfolded protein response. As a result, the XBP1s-regulated gene sets and pathways contributed to the increased aggressiveness of HepG2 cells. In addition, we also showed that MBP-induced cholesterol accumulation fostered an immunosuppressive microenvironment by promoting tumor-associated macrophage polarization toward the M2 type. Together, these results suggest that environmental phthalates exposure may facilitate liver cancer progression, and alerts phthalates exposure to patients who already harbor liver tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Faming Zhao
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yanxia Hu
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Jinlan Wei
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Fengzhen Cui
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Yahang Lin
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan, 430033, China
| | - Yang Jin
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0371, Oslo, Norway
| | - Xia Sheng
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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30
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Li M, Shou H, Martínez Corrales G, Svermova T, Franco AV, Alic N. Xbp1 targets canonical UPR ER and non-canonical pathways in separate tissues to promote longevity. iScience 2024; 27:109962. [PMID: 38832022 PMCID: PMC11144730 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors can reprogram gene expression to promote longevity. Here, we investigate the role of Drosophila Xbp1. Xbp1 is activated by splicing of its primary transcript, Xbp1u, to generate Xbp1s, a key activator of the endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response (UPRER). We show that Xbp1s induces the conical UPRER in the gut, promoting longevity from the resident stem cells. In contrast, in the fat body, Xbp1s does not appear to trigger UPRER but alters metabolic gene expression and is still able to extend lifespan. In the fat body, Xbp1s and dFOXO impinge on the same target genes, including the PGC-1α orthologue Srl, and dfoxo requires Xbp1 to extend lifespan. Interestingly, unspliceable version of the Xbp1 mRNA, Xbp1u can also extend lifespan, hinting at roles in longevity for the poorly characterized Xbp1u transcription factor. These findings reveal the diverse functions of Xbp1 in longevity in the fruit fly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjia Li
- Institute of Healthy Ageing and the Research Department of Genetics, Evolution, and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Haocheng Shou
- Institute of Healthy Ageing and the Research Department of Genetics, Evolution, and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Guillermo Martínez Corrales
- Institute of Healthy Ageing and the Research Department of Genetics, Evolution, and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Tatiana Svermova
- Institute of Healthy Ageing and the Research Department of Genetics, Evolution, and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Alessandra Vieira Franco
- Institute of Healthy Ageing and the Research Department of Genetics, Evolution, and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Nazif Alic
- Institute of Healthy Ageing and the Research Department of Genetics, Evolution, and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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31
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Hemagirri M, Chen Y, Gopinath SCB, Sahreen S, Adnan M, Sasidharan S. Crosstalk between protein misfolding and endoplasmic reticulum stress during ageing and their role in age-related disorders. Biochimie 2024; 221:159-181. [PMID: 37918463 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining the proteome is crucial to retaining cell functionality and response to multiple intrinsic and extrinsic stressors. Protein misfolding increased the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and activated the adaptive unfolded protein response (UPR) to restore cell homeostasis. Apoptosis occurs when ER stress is prolonged or the adaptive response fails. In healthy young cells, the ratio of protein folding machinery to quantities of misfolded proteins is balanced under normal circumstances. However, the age-related deterioration of the complex systems for handling protein misfolding is accompanied by ageing-related disruption of protein homeostasis, which results in the build-up of misfolded and aggregated proteins. This ultimately results in decreased cell viability and forms the basis of common age-related diseases called protein misfolding diseases. Proteins or protein fragments convert from their ordinarily soluble forms to insoluble fibrils or plaques in many of these disorders, which build up in various organs such as the liver, brain, or spleen. Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, type II diabetes, and cancer are diseases in this group commonly manifest in later life. Thus, protein misfolding and its prevention by chaperones and different degradation paths are becoming understood from molecular perspectives. Proteodynamics information will likely affect future interventional techniques to combat cellular stress and support healthy ageing by avoiding and treating protein conformational disorders. This review provides an overview of the diverse proteostasis machinery, protein misfolding, and ER stress involvement, which activates the UPR sensors. Here, we will discuss the crosstalk between protein misfolding and ER stress and their role in developing age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisekaran Hemagirri
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Yeng Chen
- Department of Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Subash C B Gopinath
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau, 02600, Malaysia
| | - Sumaira Sahreen
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Adnan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, P. O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sreenivasan Sasidharan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
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32
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Chakraborty S, Anand S, Bhandari RK. Sex-specific expression of the human NAFLD-NASH transcriptional signatures in the liver of medaka with a history of ancestral bisphenol A exposure. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.19.594843. [PMID: 38826193 PMCID: PMC11142124 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.19.594843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
The progression of fatty liver disease to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a leading cause of death in humans. Lifestyles and environmental chemical exposures can increase the susceptibility of humans to NASH. In humans, the presence of bisphenol A (BPA) in urine is associated with fatty liver disease, but whether ancestral BPA exposure leads to the activation of human NAFLD-NASH-associated genes in the unexposed descendants is unclear. In this study, using medaka fish as an animal model for human NAFLD, we investigated the transcriptional signatures of human NAFLD-NASH and their associated roles in the pathogenesis of the liver of fish who were not directly exposed but their ancestors were exposed to BPA during embryonic and perinatal development three generations prior. Comparison of bulk RNA-Seq data of the liver in BPA lineage male and female medaka with publicly available human NAFLD-NASH patient data revealed transgenerational alterations in the transcriptional signature of human NAFLD-NASH in medaka liver. Twenty percent of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were upregulated in both human NAFLD patients and medaka. Specifically in females, among the total shared DEGs in the liver of BPA lineage fish and NAFLD patient groups, 27.69% DEGs were downregulated and 20% DEGs were upregulated. Off all DEGs, 52.31% DEGs were found in ancestral BPA-lineage females, suggesting that NAFLD in females shared majority of human NAFLD gene networks. Pathway analysis revealed beta-oxidation, lipoprotein metabolism, and HDL/LDL-mediated transport processes linked to downregulated DEGs in BPA lineage males and females. In contrast, the expression of genes encoding lipogenesis-related proteins was significantly elevated in the liver of BPA lineage females only. BPA lineage females exhibiting activation of myc, atf4, xbp1, stat4, and cancerous pathways, as well as inactivation of igf1, suggest their possible association with an advanced NAFLD phenotype. The present results suggest that gene networks involved in the progression of human NAFLD and the transgenerational NAFLD in medaka are conserved and that medaka can be an excellent animal model to understand the development and progression of liver disease and environmental influences in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Chakraborty
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, U.S.A
| | - Santosh Anand
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, U.S.A
| | - Ramji Kumar Bhandari
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, U.S.A
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33
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Gao W, Wang Y, Liu S, Li G, Shao Q, Zhang C, Cao L, Liu K, Gao W, Yang Z, Dong Y, Du X, Lei L, Liu G, Li X. Inositol-requiring enzyme 1α and c-Jun N-terminal kinase axis activation contributes to intracellular lipid accumulation in calf hepatocytes. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:3127-3139. [PMID: 37939835 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-23189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
During the perinatal period, dairy cows undergo negative energy balance, resulting in elevated circulating levels of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA). Although increased blood NEFA concentrations are a physiological adaptation of early lactation, excessive NEFA in dairy cows is a major cause of fatty liver. Aberrant lipid metabolism leads to hepatic lipid accumulation and subsequently the development of fatty liver. Both inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) have been validated for their association with hepatic lipid accumulation, including their regulatory functions in calf hepatocyte insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Meanwhile, both IRE1α and JNK are involved in lipid metabolism in nonruminants. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate how IRE1α and JNK regulate lipid metabolism in bovine hepatocytes. An experiment was conducted on randomly selected 10 healthy cows (hepatic triglyceride [TG] content <1%) and 10 cows with fatty liver (hepatic TG content >5%). Liver tissue and blood samples were collected from experimental cows. Serum concentrations of NEFA and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) were greater, whereas serum concentrations of glucose and milk production were lower in cows with fatty liver. The western blot results revealed that dairy cows with fatty liver had higher phosphorylation levels of JNK, c-Jun, and IRE1α in the liver tissue. Three in vitro experiments were conducted using primary calf hepatocytes isolated from 5 healthy calves (body weight: 30-40 kg; 1 d old). First, hepatocytes were treated with NEFA (1.2 mM) for 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, or 12 h, which showed that the phosphorylated levels of JNK, c-Jun, and IRE1α increased in both linear and quadratic effects. In the second experiment, hepatocytes were treated with high concentrations of NEFA (1.2 mM) for 12 h with or without SP600125, a canonical inhibitor of JNK. Western blot results showed that SP600125 treatment could decrease the expression of lipogenesis-associated proteins (PPARγ and SREBP-1c) and increase the expression of fatty acid oxidation (FAO)-associated proteins (CPT1A and PPARα) in NEFA-treated hepatocytes. The perturbed expression of lipogenesis-associated genes (FASN, ACACA, and CD36) and FAO-associated gene ACOX1 were also recovered by JNK inhibition, indicating that JNK reduced excessive NEFA-induced lipogenesis and FAO dysregulation in calf hepatocytes. Third, short hairpin RNA targeting IRE1α (sh-IRE1α) was transfected into calf hepatocytes to silence IRE1α, and KIRA6 was used to inhibit the kinase activity of IRE1α. The blockage of IRE1α could at least partially suppressed NEFA-induced JNK activation. Moreover, the blockage of IRE1α downregulated the expression of lipogenesis genes and upregulated the expression of FAO genes in NEFA-treated hepatocytes. In conclusion, these findings indicate that targeting the IRE1α-JNK axis can reduce NEFA-induced lipid accumulation in bovine hepatocytes by modulating lipogenesis and FAO. This may offer a prospective therapeutic target for fatty liver in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yanxi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Siyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Guojin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Qi Shao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Cai Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Liguang Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Kai Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Wenrui Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Zifeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yifei Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xiliang Du
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Lin Lei
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Guowen Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xinwei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
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Casey AK, Stewart NM, Zaidi N, Gray HF, Cox A, Fields HA, Orth K. FicD regulates adaptation to the unfolded protein response in the murine liver. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.15.589620. [PMID: 38659954 PMCID: PMC11042336 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.15.589620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a cellular stress response that is activated when misfolded proteins accumulate in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The UPR elicits a signaling cascade that results in an upregulation of protein folding machinery and cell survival signals. However, prolonged UPR responses can result in elevated cellular inflammation, damage, and even cell death. Thus, regulation of the UPR response must be tuned to the needs of the cell, sensitive enough to respond to the stress but pliable enough to be stopped after the crisis has passed. Previously, we discovered that the bi-functional enzyme FicD can modulate the UPR response via post-translational modification of BiP. FicD AMPylates BiP during homeostasis and deAMPylates BiP during stress. We found this activity is important for the physiological regulation of the exocrine pancreas. Here, we explore the role of FicD in the murine liver. Like our previous studies, livers lacking FicD exhibit enhanced UPR signaling in response to short term physiologic fasting and feeding stress. However, the livers of FicD -/- did not show marked changes in UPR signaling or damage after either chronic high fat diet (HFD) feeding or acute pathological UPR induction. Intriguingly, FicD -/- mice showed changes in UPR induction and weight loss patterns following repeated pathological UPR induction. These findings show that FicD regulates UPR responses during mild physiological stress and may play a role in maintaining resiliency of tissue through adaptation to repeated ER stress.
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Hazari Y, Chevet E, Bailly-Maitre B, Hetz C. ER stress signaling at the interphase between MASH and HCC. Hepatology 2024:01515467-990000000-00844. [PMID: 38626349 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
HCC is the most frequent primary liver cancer with an extremely poor prognosis and often develops on preset of chronic liver diseases. Major risk factors for HCC include metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, a complex multifactorial condition associated with abnormal endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteostasis. To cope with ER stress, the unfolded protein response engages adaptive reactions to restore the secretory capacity of the cell. Recent advances revealed that ER stress signaling plays a critical role in HCC progression. Here, we propose that chronic ER stress is a common transversal factor contributing to the transition from liver disease (risk factor) to HCC. Interventional strategies to target the unfolded protein response in HCC, such as cancer therapy, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younis Hazari
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Eric Chevet
- Inserm U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Béatrice Bailly-Maitre
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1065, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), 06204 Nice, France Team "Metainflammation and Hematometabolism", Metabolism Department, France
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, U1065, C3M, 06200 Nice, France
| | - Claudio Hetz
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, USA
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36
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Ma K, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Zhou L, Li M. Endoplasmic reticulum stress: bridging inflammation and obesity-associated adipose tissue. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1381227. [PMID: 38638434 PMCID: PMC11024263 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1381227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity presents a significant global health challenge, increasing the susceptibility to chronic conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and hypertension. Within the context of obesity, lipid metabolism, adipose tissue formation, and inflammation are intricately linked to endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). ERS modulates metabolism, insulin signaling, inflammation, as well as cell proliferation and death through the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway. Serving as a crucial nexus, ERS bridges the functionality of adipose tissue and the inflammatory response. In this review, we comprehensively elucidate the mechanisms by which ERS impacts adipose tissue function and inflammation in obesity, aiming to offer insights into targeting ERS for ameliorating metabolic dysregulation in obesity-associated chronic diseases such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension, fatty liver, and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Min Li
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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37
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Le Goupil S, Laprade H, Aubry M, Chevet E. Exploring the IRE1 interactome: From canonical signaling functions to unexpected roles. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107169. [PMID: 38494075 PMCID: PMC11007444 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The unfolded protein response is a mechanism aiming at restoring endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis and is likely involved in other adaptive pathways. The unfolded protein response is transduced by three proteins acting as sensors and triggering downstream signaling pathways. Among them, inositol-requiring enzyme 1 alpha (IRE1α) (referred to as IRE1 hereafter), an endoplasmic reticulum-resident type I transmembrane protein, exerts its function through both kinase and endoribonuclease activities, resulting in both X-box binding protein 1 mRNA splicing and RNA degradation (regulated ire1 dependent decay). An increasing number of studies have reported protein-protein interactions as regulators of these signaling mechanisms, and additionally, driving other noncanonical functions. In this review, we deliver evolutive and structural insights on IRE1 and further describe how this protein interaction network (interactome) regulates IRE1 signaling abilities or mediates other cellular processes through catalytic-independent mechanisms. Moreover, we focus on newly discovered targets of IRE1 kinase activity and discuss potentially novel IRE1 functions based on the nature of the interactome, thereby identifying new fields to explore regarding this protein's biological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Le Goupil
- INSERM U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France; Centre de Lutte contre le cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France.
| | - Hadrien Laprade
- INSERM U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France; Centre de Lutte contre le cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Marc Aubry
- INSERM U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France; Centre de Lutte contre le cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Eric Chevet
- INSERM U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France; Centre de Lutte contre le cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
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38
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Chen H, Yu S, Ma R, Deng L, Yi Y, Niu M, Xu C, Xiao ZXJ. Hypoxia-activated XBP1s recruits HDAC2-EZH2 to engage epigenetic suppression of ΔNp63α expression and promote breast cancer metastasis independent of HIF1α. Cell Death Differ 2024; 31:447-459. [PMID: 38413797 PMCID: PMC11043437 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-024-01271-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a hallmark of cancer development. However, the molecular mechanisms by which hypoxia promotes tumor metastasis are not fully understood. In this study, we demonstrate that hypoxia promotes breast cancer metastasis through suppression of ΔNp63α in a HIF1α-independent manner. We show that hypoxia-activated XBP1s forms a stable repressor protein complex with HDAC2 and EZH2 to suppress ΔNp63α transcription. Notably, H3K27ac is predominantly occupied on the ΔNp63 promoter under normoxia, while H3K27me3 on the promoter under hypoxia. We show that XBP1s binds to the ΔNp63 promoter to recruit HDAC2 and EZH2 in facilitating the switch of H3K27ac to H3K27me3. Pharmacological inhibition or the knockdown of either HDAC2 or EZH2 leads to increased H3K27ac, accompanied by the reduced H3K27me3 and restoration of ΔNp63α expression suppressed by hypoxia, resulting in inhibition of cell migration. Furthermore, the pharmacological inhibition of IRE1α, but not HIF1α, upregulates ΔNp63α expression in vitro and inhibits tumor metastasis in vivo. Clinical analyses reveal that reduced p63 expression is correlated with the elevated expression of XBP1, HDAC2, or EZH2, and is associated with poor overall survival in human breast cancer patients. Together, these results indicate that hypoxia-activated XBP1s modulates the epigenetic program in suppression of ΔNp63α to promote breast cancer metastasis independent of HIF1α and provides a molecular basis for targeting the XBP1s/HDAC2/EZH2-ΔNp63α axis as a putative strategy in the treatment of breast cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Chen
- School of Clinical Medicine and The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China.
| | - Shuhan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruidong Ma
- School of Clinical Medicine and The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Liyuan Deng
- School of Clinical Medicine and The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Yi
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengmeng Niu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuan Xu
- Department of Oncology & Cancer Institute, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
| | - Zhi-Xiong Jim Xiao
- Department of Oncology & Cancer Institute, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Sun JL, Cho W, Oh H, Abd El-Aty AM, Hong SA, Jeong JH, Jung TW. Interleukin-38 alleviates hepatic steatosis through AMPK/autophagy-mediated suppression of endoplasmic reticulum stress in obesity models. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e31184. [PMID: 38197464 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Interleukin-38 (IL-38), recently recognized as a cytokine with anti-inflammatory properties that mitigate type 2 diabetes, has been associated with indicators of insulin resistance and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study investigated the impact of IL-38 on hepatic lipid metabolism and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. We assessed protein expression levels using Western blot analysis, while monodansylcadaverine staining was employed to detect autophagosomes in hepatocytes. Oil red O staining was utilized to examine lipid deposition. The study revealed elevated serum IL-38 levels in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice and IL-38 secretion from mouse keratinocytes. IL-38 treatment attenuated lipogenic lipid accumulation and ER stress markers in hepatocytes exposed to palmitate. Furthermore, IL-38 treatment increased AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation and autophagy. The effects of IL-38 on lipogenic lipid deposition and ER stress were nullified in cultured hepatocytes by suppressing AMPK through small interfering (si) RNA or 3-methyladenine (3MA). In animal studies, IL-38 administration mitigated hepatic steatosis by suppressing the expression of lipogenic proteins and ER stress markers while reversing AMPK phosphorylation and autophagy markers in the livers of HFD-fed mice. Additionally, AMPK siRNA, but not 3MA, mitigated IL-38-enhanced fatty acid oxidation in hepatocytes. In summary, IL-38 alleviates hepatic steatosis through AMPK/autophagy signaling-dependent attenuation of ER stress and enhancement of fatty acid oxidation via the AMPK pathway, suggesting a therapeutic strategy for treating NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaw Long Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonjun Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeseung Oh
- Department of Pharmacology, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Soon Auck Hong
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Woo Jung
- Department of Pharmacology, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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40
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Zhao L, Cheng L, Hu Y, Li X, Yang Y, Mu J, Shen L, Hu G, He K, Yan H, Liu Q, Yang S. Dietary sodium acetate and sodium butyrate attenuate intestinal damage and improve lipid metabolism in juvenile largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides) fed a high carbohydrate diet by reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 16:443-456. [PMID: 38425445 PMCID: PMC10901750 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
High-carbohydrate (HC) diets decrease the intestinal levels of sodium acetate (SA) and sodium butyrate (SB) and impair the gut health of largemouth bass; however, SA and SB have been shown to enhance immunity and improve intestinal health in farmed animals. Thus, the present study was to investigate the effects of dietary SA and SB on HC diet-induced intestinal injury and the potential mechanisms in juvenile largemouth bass. The experiment set five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets, including a low-carbohydrate diet (9% starch) (LC), a high carbohydrate diet (18% starch) (HC), and the HC diet supplemented with 2 g/kg SA (HCSA), 2 g/kg SB (HCSB) or a combination of 1 g/kg SA and 1 g/kg SB (HCSASB). The feeding experiment was conducted for 8 weeks. A total of 525 juvenile largemouth bass with an initial body weight of 7.00 ± 0.20 g were used. The results showed that dietary SA and SB improved the weight gain rate and specific growth rate (P < 0.05) and ameliorated serum parameters (alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, glutamate transaminase, and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase) (P < 0.05). And, importantly, dietary SA and SB repaired the intestinal barrier by increasing the expression levels of zonula occludens-1, occludin, and claudin-7 (P < 0.05), reduced HC-induced intestinal damage, and alleviated intestinal inflammation and cell apoptosis by attenuating HC-induced intestinal endoplasmic reticulum stress (P < 0.05). Further results revealed that dietary SA and SB reduced HC-induced intestinal fat deposition by inhibiting adipogenesis and promoting lipolysis (P < 0.05). In summary, this study demonstrated that dietary SA and SB attenuated HC-induced intestinal damage and reduced excessive intestinal fat deposition in largemouth bass.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xiaohui Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Yihui Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Jin Mu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Lianfeng Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Guojun Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Kuo He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Haoxiao Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Qiao Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Song Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
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41
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Touvier T, Veneri FA, Claessens A, Ferri C, Mastrangelo R, Sorgiati N, Bianchi F, Valenzano S, Del Carro U, Rivellini C, Duong P, Shy ME, Kelly JW, Svaren J, Wiseman RL, D’Antonio M. Activation of XBP1s attenuates disease severity in models of proteotoxic Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1B. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.31.577760. [PMID: 38352425 PMCID: PMC10862880 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.31.577760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Mutations in myelin protein zero (MPZ) are generally associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1B (CMT1B) disease, one of the most common forms of demyelinating neuropathy. Pathogenesis of some MPZ mutants, such as S63del and R98C, involves the misfolding and retention of MPZ in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of myelinating Schwann cells. To cope with proteotoxic ER-stress, Schwann cells mount an unfolded protein response (UPR) characterized by activation of the PERK, ATF6 and IRE1α/XBP1 pathways. Previous results showed that targeting the PERK UPR pathway mitigates neuropathy in mouse models of CMT1B; however, the contributions of other UPR pathways in disease pathogenesis remains poorly understood. Here, we probe the importance of the IRE1α/XBP1 signalling during normal myelination and in CMT1B. In response to ER stress, IRE1α is activated to stimulate the non-canonical splicing of Xbp1 mRNA to generate spliced Xbp1 (Xbp1s). This results in the increased expression of the adaptive transcription factor XBP1s, which regulates the expression of genes involved in diverse pathways including ER proteostasis. We generated mouse models where Xbp1 is deleted specifically in Schwann cells, preventing XBP1s activation in these cells. We observed that Xbp1 is dispensable for normal developmental myelination, myelin maintenance and remyelination after injury. However, Xbp1 deletion dramatically worsens the hypomyelination and the electrophysiological and locomotor parameters observed in young and adult CMT1B neuropathic animals. RNAseq analysis suggested that XBP1s exerts its adaptive function in CMT1B mouse models in large part via the induction of ER proteostasis genes. Accordingly, the exacerbation of the neuropathy in Xbp1 deficient mice was accompanied by upregulation of ER-stress pathways and of IRE1-mediated RIDD signaling in Schwann cells, suggesting that the activation of XBP1s via IRE1 plays a critical role in limiting mutant protein toxicity and that this toxicity cannot be compensated by other stress responses. Schwann cell specific overexpression of XBP1s partially re-established Schwann cell proteostasis and attenuated CMT1B severity in both the S63del and R98C mouse models. In addition, the selective, pharmacologic activation of IRE1α/XBP1 signaling ameliorated myelination in S63del dorsal root ganglia explants. Collectively, these data show that XBP1 has an essential adaptive role in different models of proteotoxic CMT1B neuropathy and suggest that activation of the IRE1α/XBP1 pathway may represent a therapeutic avenue in CMT1B and possibly for other neuropathies characterized by UPR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Touvier
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca A. Veneri
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Anke Claessens
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Cinzia Ferri
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Rosa Mastrangelo
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Noémie Sorgiati
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Bianchi
- Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Valenzano
- Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “L. Sacco”, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
- University of Camerino, Center for Neuroscience, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Ubaldo Del Carro
- Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Rivellini
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Phu Duong
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Michael E. Shy
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - Jeffery W. Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - John Svaren
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - R. Luke Wiseman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Maurizio D’Antonio
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
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Li W, Wang Y, Li C, Wang F, Shan H. Responses and correlation among ER stress, Ca 2+ homeostasis, and fatty acid metabolism in Penaeus vannamei under ammonia stress. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 267:106837. [PMID: 38228042 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, Ca2+ homeostasis, and fatty acid metabolism in the environmental adaptation of aquatic animals is significant, but further confirmation of the relationship between these factors is needed. This study aimed to investigate the responses and correlations among ER stress, Ca2+ homeostasis, and fatty acid metabolism in Penaeus vannamei under ammonia stress. A total of 640 P. vannamei weighing 3.0 ± 0.4 g were selected and exposed to different total ammonia concentrations (0 mg/L for the control group and 3.80, 7.60, and 11.40 mg/L for the stress groups). The experiment involved a 96 h ammonia stress period to assess indicators related to ER stress, Ca2+ homeostasis, and fatty acid metabolism. The experimental results revealed that after 12 h, exposure to ammonia induced the ER stress response in the hepatopancreas of the shrimp. The groups exposed to concentrations of 3.8 mg/L and 7.6 mg/L exhibited an increase in ER Ca2+ efflux, a decrease in influx, an elevation in mitochondrial Ca2+ influx, an enhanced energy demand within the organism, and substantial consumption of triglycerides. The 11.3 mg/L group exhibited a significant enhancement in fatty acid metabolism. At 24 h, the ER stress response induced by ammonia in the shrimp exhibited a gradual recovery. In the 7.6 mg/L and 11.3 mg/L groups, the ER Ca2+ influx and efflux exhibited significant enhancements, while the mitochondrial Ca2+ influx decreased and the organism's energy demand increased. Moreover, there was a substantial enhancement in fatty acid metabolism. At 48 h, the ER stress response disappeared in each stress group, ER Ca2+ efflux was reduced, triglycerides were consumed, and the body's energy homeostasis was basically restored. At 96 h, a stress response reoccurred in the ER in each stress group, resulting in increased influx of Ca2+ into the ER, augmented energy demand within the organism, and notable enhancement in fatty acid metabolism. Pearson correlation analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between the NH3-N content in the hepatopancreas and the expression of ER stress-related genes, as well as between ER Ca2+ influx/efflux and energy homeostasis/fatty acid metabolism. The findings indicate that the stress induced by ammonia triggers an ER stress response in P. vannamei, resulting in ER Ca2+ efflux and mitochondrial Ca2+ influx, which, in turn, enhances fatty acid metabolism to generate additional energy for adaptation in stressful environments. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the environmental adaptability of P. vannamei in the context of Ca2+ homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenheng Li
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yang Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Changjian Li
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Fang Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Hongwei Shan
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China.
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Lin X, Zhang J, Chu Y, Nie Q, Zhang J. Berberine prevents NAFLD and HCC by modulating metabolic disorders. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 254:108593. [PMID: 38301771 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global metabolic disease with high prevalence in both adults and children. Importantly, NAFLD is becoming the main cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Berberine (BBR), a naturally occurring plant component, has been demonstrated to have advantageous effects on a number of metabolic pathways as well as the ability to kill liver tumor cells by causing cell death and other routes. This permits us to speculate and make assumptions about the value of BBR in the prevention and defense against NAFLD and HCC by a global modulation of metabolic disorders. Herein, we briefly describe the etiology of NAFLD and NAFLD-related HCC, with a particular emphasis on analyzing the potential mechanisms of BBR in the treatment of NAFLD from aspects including increasing insulin sensitivity, controlling the intestinal milieu, and controlling lipid metabolism. We also elucidate the mechanism of BBR in the treatment of HCC. More significantly, we provided a list of clinical studies for BBR in NAFLD. Taking into account our conclusions and perspectives, we can make further progress in the treatment of BBR in NAFLD and NAFLD-related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Lin
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Juanhong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yajun Chu
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qiuying Nie
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Junmin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Xu Q, Li J, Zhang H, Wang S, Qin C, Lu Y. Constitutive expression of spliced X-box binding protein 1 inhibits dentin formation in mice. Front Physiol 2024; 14:1319954. [PMID: 38274041 PMCID: PMC10809399 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1319954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Upon endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) is activated, which subsequently converts an unspliced X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1U) mRNA to a spliced mRNA that encodes a potent XBP1S transcription factor. XBP1S is essential for relieving ER stress and secretory cell differentiation. We previously established Twist2-Cre;Xbp1 CS/+ mice that constitutively expressed XBP1S in the Twist2-expressing cells as well as in the cells derived from the Twist2-expressing cells. In this study, we analyzed the dental phenotype of Twist2-Cre;Xbp1 CS/+ mice. We first generated a mutant Xbp1s minigene that corresponds to the recombinant Xbp1 Δ26 allele (the Xbp1 CS allele that has undergone Cre-mediated recombination) and confirmed that the Xbp1s minigene expressed XBP1S that does not require IRE1α activation in vitro. Consistently, immunohistochemistry showed that XBP1S was constitutively expressed in the odontoblasts and other dental pulp cells in Twist2-Cre;Xbp1 CS/+ mice. Plain X-ray radiography and µCT analysis revealed that constitutive expression of XBP1S altered the dental pulp chamber roof- and floor-dentin formation, resulting in a significant reduction in dentin/cementum formation in Twist2-Cre;Xbp1 CS/+ mice, compared to age-matched Xbp1 CS/+ control mice. However, there is no significant difference in the density of dentin/cementum between these two groups of mice. Histologically, persistent expression of XBP1S caused a morphological change in odontoblasts in Twist2-Cre;Xbp1 CS/+ mice. Nevertheless, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry analyses showed that continuous expression of XBP1S had no apparent effects on the expression of the Dspp and Dmp1 genes. In conclusion, these results support that sustained production of XBP1S adversely affected odontoblast function and dentin formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yongbo Lu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University School of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, United States
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Shreya S, Alam MJ, Anupriya, Jaiswal S, Rani V, Jain BP. Lipotoxicity, ER Stress, and Cardiovascular Disease: Current Understanding and Future Directions. Cardiovasc Hematol Agents Med Chem 2024; 22:319-335. [PMID: 37859305 DOI: 10.2174/0118715257262366230928051902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a sub-cellular organelle that is responsible for the correct folding of proteins, lipid biosynthesis, calcium storage, and various post-translational modifications. In the disturbance of ER functioning, unfolded or misfolded proteins accumulate inside the ER lumen and initiate downstream signaling called unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR signaling pathway is involved in lipolysis, triacylglycerol synthesis, lipogenesis, the mevalonate pathway, and low-density lipoprotein receptor recycling. ER stress also affects lipid metabolism by changing the levels of enzymes that are involved in the synthesis or modifications of lipids and causing lipotoxicity. Lipid metabolism and cardiac diseases are in close association as the deregulation of lipid metabolism leads to the development of various cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Several studies have suggested that lipotoxicity is one of the important factors for cardiovascular disorders. In this review, we will discuss how ER stress affects lipid metabolism and their interplay in the development of cardiovascular disorders. Further, the current therapeutics available to target ER stress and lipid metabolism in various CVDs will be summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smriti Shreya
- Gene Expression and Signaling lab, Department of Zoology, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari, Bihar, India
| | - Md Jahangir Alam
- Translational Research Unit of Excellence, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Anupriya
- Gene Expression and Signaling lab, Department of Zoology, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari, Bihar, India
| | - Saumya Jaiswal
- Gene Expression and Signaling lab, Department of Zoology, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari, Bihar, India
| | - Vibha Rani
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, UP, India
| | - Buddhi Prakash Jain
- Gene Expression and Signaling lab, Department of Zoology, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari, Bihar, India
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Hwang SM, Awasthi D, Jeong J, Sandoval TA, Chae CS, Ramos Y, Tan C, Falco MM, McBain IT, Mishra B, Ivashkiv LB, Zamarin D, Cantillo E, Chapman-Davis E, Holcomb K, Morales DK, Rodriguez PC, Conejo-Garcia JR, Kaczocha M, Vähärautio A, Song M, Cubillos-Ruiz JR. Transgelin 2 guards T cell lipid metabolic programming and anti-tumor function. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3683989. [PMID: 38168227 PMCID: PMC10760247 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3683989/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Mounting effective immunity against pathogens and tumors relies on the successful metabolic programming of T cells by extracellular fatty acids1-3. During this process, fatty-acid-binding protein 5 (FABP5) imports lipids that fuel mitochondrial respiration and sustain the bioenergetic requirements of protective CD8+ T cells4,5. Importantly, however, the mechanisms governing this crucial immunometabolic axis remain unexplored. Here we report that the cytoskeletal organizer Transgelin 2 (TAGLN2) is necessary for optimal CD8+ T cell fatty acid uptake, mitochondrial respiration, and anti-cancer function. We found that TAGLN2 interacts with FABP5, enabling the surface localization of this lipid importer on activated CD8+ T cells. Analysis of ovarian cancer specimens revealed that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress responses elicited by the tumor microenvironment repress TAGLN2 in infiltrating CD8+ T cells, enforcing their dysfunctional state. Restoring TAGLN2 expression in ER-stressed CD8+ T cells bolstered their lipid uptake, mitochondrial respiration, and cytotoxic capacity. Accordingly, chimeric antigen receptor T cells overexpressing TAGLN2 bypassed the detrimental effects of tumor-induced ER stress and demonstrated superior therapeutic efficacy in mice with metastatic ovarian cancer. Our study unveils the role of cytoskeletal TAGLN2 in T cell lipid metabolism and highlights the potential to enhance cellular immunotherapy in solid malignancies by preserving the TAGLN2-FABP5 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Min Hwang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine. New York, NY 10065, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine. New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Deepika Awasthi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine. New York, NY 10065, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine. New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jieun Jeong
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Tito A. Sandoval
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine. New York, NY 10065, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine. New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Chang-Suk Chae
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine. New York, NY 10065, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine. New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yusibeska Ramos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine. New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Chen Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine. New York, NY 10065, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine. New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Matías Marin Falco
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ian T. McBain
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences. New York, NY 10065. USA
| | - Bikash Mishra
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences. New York, NY 10065. USA
- HSS Research Institute and David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lionel B. Ivashkiv
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences. New York, NY 10065. USA
- HSS Research Institute and David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dmitriy Zamarin
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Evelyn Cantillo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine. New York, NY 10065, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine. New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Eloise Chapman-Davis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine. New York, NY 10065, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine. New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kevin Holcomb
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine. New York, NY 10065, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine. New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Diana K. Morales
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine. New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Paulo C. Rodriguez
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute. Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jose R. Conejo-Garcia
- Department of Integrated Immunobiology, Duke School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Martin Kaczocha
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Stony Brook University Pain and Analgesia Research Center (SPARC), Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Anna Vähärautio
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Foundation for the Finnish Cancer Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minkyung Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine. New York, NY 10065, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine. New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Juan R. Cubillos-Ruiz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine. New York, NY 10065, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine. New York, NY 10065, USA
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences. New York, NY 10065. USA
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Kim G, Lee J, Ha J, Kang I, Choe W. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Its Impact on Adipogenesis: Molecular Mechanisms Implicated. Nutrients 2023; 15:5082. [PMID: 38140341 PMCID: PMC10745682 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays a pivotal role in adipogenesis, which encompasses the differentiation of adipocytes and lipid accumulation. Sustained ER stress has the potential to disrupt the signaling of the unfolded protein response (UPR), thereby influencing adipogenesis. This comprehensive review illuminates the molecular mechanisms that underpin the interplay between ER stress and adipogenesis. We delve into the dysregulation of UPR pathways, namely, IRE1-XBP1, PERK and ATF6 in relation to adipocyte differentiation, lipid metabolism, and tissue inflammation. Moreover, we scrutinize how ER stress impacts key adipogenic transcription factors such as proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and CCAAT-enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPs) along with their interaction with other signaling pathways. The cellular ramifications include alterations in lipid metabolism, dysregulation of adipokines, and aged adipose tissue inflammation. We also discuss the potential roles the molecular chaperones cyclophilin A and cyclophilin B play in adipogenesis. By shedding light on the intricate relationship between ER stress and adipogenesis, this review paves the way for devising innovative therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyuhui Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (G.K.); (J.H.); (I.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30609, USA;
| | - Joohun Ha
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (G.K.); (J.H.); (I.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Insug Kang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (G.K.); (J.H.); (I.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonchae Choe
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (G.K.); (J.H.); (I.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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48
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Venkatesan N, Doskey LC, Malhi H. The Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum in Lipotoxicity during Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) Pathogenesis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:1887-1899. [PMID: 37689385 PMCID: PMC10699131 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Perturbations in lipid and protein homeostasis induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), formerly known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Lipotoxic and proteotoxic stress can activate the unfolded protein response (UPR) transducers: inositol requiring enzyme1α, PKR-like ER kinase, and activating transcription factor 6α. Collectively, these pathways induce expression of genes that encode functions to resolve the protein folding defect and ER stress by increasing the protein folding capacity of the ER and degradation of misfolded proteins. The ER is also intimately connected with lipid metabolism, including de novo ceramide synthesis, phospholipid and cholesterol synthesis, and lipid droplet formation. Following their activation, the UPR transducers also regulate lipogenic pathways in the liver. With persistent ER stress, cellular adaptation fails, resulting in hepatocyte apoptosis, a pathological marker of liver disease. In addition to the ER-nucleus signaling activated by the UPR, the ER can interact with other organelles via membrane contact sites. Modulating intracellular communication between ER and endosomes, lipid droplets, and mitochondria to restore ER homeostasis could have therapeutic efficacy in ameliorating liver disease. Recent studies have also demonstrated that cells can convey ER stress by the release of extracellular vesicles. This review discusses lipotoxic ER stress and the central role of the ER in communicating ER stress to other intracellular organelles in MASLD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanditha Venkatesan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Luke C Doskey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Harmeet Malhi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
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Tzirkel-Hancock N, Sharabi L, Argov-Argaman N. Milk fat globule size: Unraveling the intricate relationship between metabolism, homeostasis, and stress signaling. Biochimie 2023; 215:4-11. [PMID: 37802210 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Fat is an important component of milk which delivers energy, nutrients, and bioactive molecules from the lactating mother to the suckling neonate. Milk fat consists of a complex mixture of different types of lipids; hundreds of fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids, sphingolipids, cholesterol and cholesteryl ester, and glycoconjugates, secreted by the mammary gland epithelial cells (MEC) in the form of a lipid-protein assembly termed the milk fat globule (MFG). The mammary gland in general, and specifically that of modern dairy cows, faces metabolic stress once lactation commences, which changes the lipogenic capacity of MECs directly by reducing available energy and reducing factors required for both lipid synthesis and secretion or indirectly by activating a proinflammatory response. Both processes have the capacity to change the morphometric features (e.g., number and size) of the secreted MFG and its precursor-the intracellular lipid droplet (LD). The MFG size is tightly associated with its lipidome and proteome and also affects the bioavailability of milk fat and protein. Thus, MFG size has the potential to regulate the bioactivity of milk and dairy products. MFG size also plays a central role in the functional properties of milk and dairy products such as texture and stability. To understand how stress affects the structure-function of the MFG, we cover: (i) The mechanism of production and secretion of the MFG and the implications of MFG size, (ii) How the response mechanisms to stress can change the morphometric features of MFGs, and (iii) The possible consequences of such modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noam Tzirkel-Hancock
- Department of Animal Science, The Robert H Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lior Sharabi
- Department of Animal Science, The Robert H Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nurit Argov-Argaman
- Department of Animal Science, The Robert H Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.
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50
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Šešelja K, Bazina I, Vrecl M, Farger J, Schicht M, Paulsen F, Baus Lončar M, Pirman T. Tff3 Deficiency Differentially Affects the Morphology of Male and Female Intestines in a Long-Term High-Fat-Diet-Fed Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16342. [PMID: 38003531 PMCID: PMC10671422 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Trefoil factor family protein 3 (Tff3) protects the gastrointestinal mucosa and has a complex mode of action in different tissues. Here, we aimed to determine the effect of Tff3 deficiency on intestinal tissues in a long-term high-fat-diet (HFD)-fed model. A novel congenic strain without additional metabolically relevant mutations (Tff3-/-/C57Bl6NCrl strain, male and female) was used. Wild type (Wt) and Tff3-deficient mice of both sexes were fed a HFD for 36 weeks. Long-term feeding of a HFD induces different effects on the intestinal structure of Tff3-deficient male and female mice. For the first time, we found sex-specific differences in duodenal morphology. HFD feeding reduced microvilli height in Tff3-deficient females compared to that in Wt females, suggesting a possible effect on microvillar actin filament dynamics. These changes could not be attributed to genes involved in ER and oxidative stress, apoptosis, or inflammation. Tff3-deficient males exhibited a reduced cecal crypt depth compared to that of Wt males, but this was not the case in females. Microbiome-related short-chain fatty acid content was not affected by Tff3 deficiency in HFD-fed male or female mice. Sex-related differences due to Tff3 deficiency imply the need to consider both sexes in future studies on the role of Tff in intestinal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Šešelja
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bjenička 54, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.Š.); (I.B.)
| | - Iva Bazina
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bjenička 54, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.Š.); (I.B.)
| | - Milka Vrecl
- Institute of Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Jessica Farger
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (J.F.); (M.S.); (F.P.)
| | - Martin Schicht
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (J.F.); (M.S.); (F.P.)
| | - Friedrich Paulsen
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (J.F.); (M.S.); (F.P.)
| | - Mirela Baus Lončar
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bjenička 54, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.Š.); (I.B.)
| | - Tatjana Pirman
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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