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Ghosh S, Zhao X, Alim M, Brudno M, Bhat M. Artificial intelligence applied to 'omics data in liver disease: towards a personalised approach for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. Gut 2024:gutjnl-2023-331740. [PMID: 39174307 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2023-331740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Advancements in omics technologies and artificial intelligence (AI) methodologies are fuelling our progress towards personalised diagnosis, prognosis and treatment strategies in hepatology. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current landscape of AI methods used for analysis of omics data in liver diseases. We present an overview of the prevalence of different omics levels across various liver diseases, as well as categorise the AI methodology used across the studies. Specifically, we highlight the predominance of transcriptomic and genomic profiling and the relatively sparse exploration of other levels such as the proteome and methylome, which represent untapped potential for novel insights. Publicly available database initiatives such as The Cancer Genome Atlas and The International Cancer Genome Consortium have paved the way for advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the same availability of large omics datasets remains limited for other liver diseases. Furthermore, the application of sophisticated AI methods to handle the complexities of multiomics datasets requires substantial data to train and validate the models and faces challenges in achieving bias-free results with clinical utility. Strategies to address the paucity of data and capitalise on opportunities are discussed. Given the substantial global burden of chronic liver diseases, it is imperative that multicentre collaborations be established to generate large-scale omics data for early disease recognition and intervention. Exploring advanced AI methods is also necessary to maximise the potential of these datasets and improve early detection and personalised treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumita Ghosh
- Transplant AI Initiative, Ajmera Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xun Zhao
- Transplant AI Initiative, Ajmera Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mouaid Alim
- Transplant AI Initiative, Ajmera Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Brudno
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Vector Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mamatha Bhat
- Transplant AI Initiative, Ajmera Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Zhou L, Yan Z, Yang S, Lu G, Nie Y, Ren Y, Xue Y, Shi JS, Xu ZH, Geng Y. High methionine intake alters gut microbiota and lipid profile and leads to liver steatosis in mice. Food Funct 2024; 15:8053-8069. [PMID: 38989659 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo01613k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Methionine is an important sulfur-containing amino acid. Health effects of both methionine restriction (MR) and methionine supplementation (MS) have been studied. This study aimed to investigate the impact of a high-methionine diet (HMD) (1.64% methionine) on both the gut and liver functions in mice through multi-omic analyses. Hepatic steatosis and compromised gut barrier function were observed in mice fed the HMD. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of liver gene expression patterns revealed the upregulation of lipid synthesis and degradation pathways, cholesterol metabolism and inflammation-related nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor signaling pathway. Metagenomic sequencing of cecal content demonstrated a shift in gut microbial composition with an increased abundance of opportunistic pathogens and gut microbial functions with up-regulated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis in mice fed HMD. Metabolomic study of cecal content showed an altered gut lipid profile and the level of bioactive lipids, including docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), linoleoyl ethanolamide (LEA) and arachidonoyl ethanolamide (AEA), that carry anti-inflammatory effects significantly reduced in the gut of mice fed the HMD. Correlation analysis demonstrated that gut microbiota was highly associated with liver and gut functions and gut bioactive lipid content. In conclusion, this study suggested that the HMD exerted negative impacts on both the gut and liver, and an adequate amount of methionine intake should be carefully determined to ensure normal physiological function without causing adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxi Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhen Yan
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
| | - Songfan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
| | - Gexue Lu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
| | - Yawen Nie
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
| | - Yilin Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yuzheng Xue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jin-Song Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
| | - Zheng-Hong Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Innovation Center for Advanced Brewing Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yan Geng
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Liu Y, Fachrul M, Inouye M, Méric G. Harnessing human microbiomes for disease prediction. Trends Microbiol 2024; 32:707-719. [PMID: 38246848 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The human microbiome has been increasingly recognized as having potential use for disease prediction. Predicting the risk, progression, and severity of diseases holds promise to transform clinical practice, empower patient decisions, and reduce the burden of various common diseases, as has been demonstrated for cardiovascular disease or breast cancer. Combining multiple modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors, including high-dimensional genomic data, has been traditionally favored, but few studies have incorporated the human microbiome into models for predicting the prospective risk of disease. Here, we review research into the use of the human microbiome for disease prediction with a particular focus on prospective studies as well as the modulation and engineering of the microbiome as a therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Muhamad Fachrul
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Human Genomics and Evolution Unit, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia; Melbourne Integrative Genomics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Inouye
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; British Heart Foundation Cambridge Centre of Research Excellence, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Guillaume Méric
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Science, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation, and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Ferenc K, Jarmakiewicz-Czaja S, Sokal-Dembowska A, Stasik K, Filip R. Common Denominator of MASLD and Some Non-Communicable Diseases. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:6690-6709. [PMID: 39057041 PMCID: PMC11275402 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46070399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, steatohepatitis has been designated as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASLD). MASLD risk factors mainly include metabolic disorders but can also include genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. Disease entities such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and MASLD share similar pathomechanisms and risk factors. Moreover, a bidirectional relationship is observed between the occurrence of certain chronic diseases and MASLD. These conditions represent a global public health problem that is responsible for poor quality of life and high mortality. It seems that paying holistic attention to these problems will not only help increase the chances of reducing the incidence of these diseases but also assist in the prevention, treatment, and support of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Ferenc
- Institute of Medicine, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (K.F.)
| | - Sara Jarmakiewicz-Czaja
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (S.J.-C.); (A.S.-D.)
| | - Aneta Sokal-Dembowska
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (S.J.-C.); (A.S.-D.)
| | - Katarzyna Stasik
- Institute of Medicine, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (K.F.)
- IBD Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Hospital No. 2, 35-301 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Rafał Filip
- Institute of Medicine, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (K.F.)
- IBD Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Hospital No. 2, 35-301 Rzeszow, Poland
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Wang H, Zhu W, Hong Y, Wei W, Zheng N, He X, Bao Y, Gao X, Huang W, Sheng L, Li M, Li H. Astragalus polysaccharides attenuate chemotherapy-induced immune injury by modulating gut microbiota and polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155492. [PMID: 38479258 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The damage of chemotherapy drugs to immune function and intestinal mucosa is a common side effect during chemotherapy. Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) exhibit immunomodulatory properties and are recognized for preserving the integrity of the human intestinal barrier. Nevertheless, their application and mechanisms of action in chemotherapy-induced immune damage and intestinal barrier disruption remain insufficiently explored. PURPOSE This study delved into investigating how APS mitigates chemotherapy-induced immune dysfunction and intestinal mucosal injury, while also providing deeper insights into the underlying mechanisms. METHODS In a chemotherapy mice model induced by 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu), the assessment of APS's efficacy encompassed evaluations of immune organ weight, body weight, colon length, and histopathology. The regulation of different immune cells in spleen was detected by flow cytometry. 16S rRNA gene sequencings, ex vivo microbiome assay, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and targeted metabolomics analysis were applied to explore the mechanisms of APS effected on chemotherapy-induced mice. RESULTS APS ameliorated chemotherapy-induced damage to immune organs and regulated immune cell differentiation disorders, including CD4+T, CD8+T, CD19+B, F4/80+CD11B+ macrophages. APS also alleviated colon shortening and upregulated the expression of intestinal barrier proteins. Furthermore, APS significantly restored structure of gut microbiota following chemotherapy intervention. Ex vivo microbiome assays further demonstrated the capacity of APS to improve 5-Fu-induced microbiota growth inhibition and compositional change. FMT demonstrated that the regulation of gut microbiota by APS could promote the recovery of immune functions and alleviate shortening of the colon length. Remarkably, APS significantly ameliorated the imbalance of linoleic acid (LA) and α-linolenic acid in polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolism. Further in vitro experiments showed that LA could promote splenic lymphocyte proliferation. In addition, both LA and DGLA down-regulated the secretion of NO and partially up-regulated the percentage of F4/80+CD11B+CD206+ cells. CONCLUSION APS can effectively ameliorate chemotherapy-induced immune damage and intestinal mucosal disruption by regulating the composition of the gut microbiota and further restoring PUFA metabolism. These findings indicate that APS can serve as an adjuvant to improve the side effects such as intestinal and immune damage caused by chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Functional Metabolomics and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Weize Zhu
- Functional Metabolomics and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ying Hong
- Functional Metabolomics and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wenjing Wei
- Functional Metabolomics and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ningning Zheng
- Functional Metabolomics and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaofang He
- Functional Metabolomics and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yiyang Bao
- Functional Metabolomics and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xinxin Gao
- Functional Metabolomics and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wenjin Huang
- Functional Metabolomics and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lili Sheng
- Functional Metabolomics and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mingxiao Li
- Functional Metabolomics and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Houkai Li
- Functional Metabolomics and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Popov J, Despot T, Avelar Rodriguez D, Khan I, Mech E, Khan M, Bojadzija M, Pai N. Implications of Microbiota and Immune System in Development and Progression of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease. Nutrients 2024; 16:1668. [PMID: 38892602 PMCID: PMC11175128 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most prevalent type of liver disease worldwide. The exact pathophysiology behind MASLD remains unclear; however, it is thought that a combination of factors or "hits" act as precipitants for disease onset and progression. Abundant evidence supports the roles of diet, genes, metabolic dysregulation, and the intestinal microbiome in influencing the accumulation of lipids in hepatocytes and subsequent progression to inflammation and fibrosis. Currently, there is no cure for MASLD, but lifestyle changes have been the prevailing cornerstones of management. Research is now focusing on the intestinal microbiome as a potential therapeutic target for MASLD, with the spotlight shifting to probiotics, antibiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation. In this review, we provide an overview of how intestinal microbiota interact with the immune system to contribute to the pathogenesis of MASLD and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). We also summarize key microbial taxa implicated in the disease and discuss evidence supporting microbial-targeted therapies in its management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Popov
- Boston Combined Residency Program, Boston Children’s Hospital & Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Tijana Despot
- College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland; (T.D.); (I.K.)
| | - David Avelar Rodriguez
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1E8, Canada;
| | - Irfan Khan
- College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland; (T.D.); (I.K.)
| | - Eugene Mech
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, D04 C1P1 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Mahrukh Khan
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada;
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Milan Bojadzija
- Department of Internal Medicine, Subotica General Hospital, 24000 Subotica, Serbia;
| | - Nikhil Pai
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada;
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, McMaster Children’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Li Z, Gong R, Chu H, Zeng J, Chen C, Xu S, Hu L, Gao W, Zhang L, Yuan H, Cheng Z, Wang C, Du M, Zhu Q, Zhang L, Rong L, Hu X, Yang L. A universal plasma metabolites-derived signature predicts cardiovascular disease risk in MAFLD. Atherosclerosis 2024; 392:117526. [PMID: 38581738 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.117526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a novel concept proposed in 2020, which is more practical for identifying patients with fatty liver disease with high risk of disease progression. Fatty liver is a driver for extrahepatic complications, particularly cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Although the risk of CVD in MAFLD could be predicted by carotid ultrasound test, a very early stage prediction method before the formation of pathological damage is still lacking. METHODS Stool microbiomes and plasma metabolites were compared across 196 well-characterized participants encompassing normal controls, simple MAFLD patients, MAFLD patients with carotid artery pathological changes, and MAFLD patients with diagnosed coronary artery disease (CAD). 16S rDNA sequencing data and untargeted metabolomic profiles were interrogatively analyzed using differential abundance analysis and random forest (RF) machine learning algorithm to identify discriminatory gut microbiomes and metabolomic. RESULTS Characteristic microbial changes in MAFLD patients with CVD risk were represented by the increase of Clostridia and Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratios. Faecalibacterium was negatively correlated with mean-intima-media thickness (IMT), TC, and TG. Megamonas, Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, and Escherichia were positively correlated with the exacerbation of pathological indexes. MAFLD patients with CVD risk were characterized by the decrease of lithocholic acid taurine conjugate, and the increase of ethylvanillin propylene glycol acetal, both of which had close relationship with Ruminococcus and Gemmiger. Biotin l-sulfoxide had positive correlation with mean-IMT, TG, and weight. The general auxin pesticide beta-naphthoxyacetic acid and the food additive glucosyl steviol were both positively correlated with the increase of mean-IMT. The model combining the metabolite signatures with 9 clinical parameters accurately distinguished MAFLD with CVD risk in the proband and validation cohort. It was found that citral was the most important discriminative metabolite marker, which was validated by both in vitro and in vivo experiments. CONCLUSIONS Simple MAFLD patients and MAFLD patients with CVD risk had divergent gut microbes and plasma metabolites. The predictive model based on metabolites and 9 clinical parameters could effectively discriminate MAFLD patients with CVD risk at a very early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglin Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Rui Gong
- Health Management Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huikuan Chu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Junchao Zeng
- Health Management Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Can Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, China
| | - Sanping Xu
- Health Management Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lilin Hu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Wenkang Gao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Hang Yuan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zilu Cheng
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng Du
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingjing Zhu
- Jinyintan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Wuhan Medical Treatment Centre, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Lin Rong
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Xiaoqing Hu
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Ling Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Ren M, Pan H, Zhou X, Yu M, Ji F. Alterations of the duodenal mucosal microbiome in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9124. [PMID: 38643212 PMCID: PMC11032335 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59605-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), formerly known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is associated with altered gut microbiota; however, there has been a focus on fecal samples, which are not representative of the entire digestive tract. Mucosal biopsies of the descending duodenum were collected. Five regions of the 16S rRNA gene were amplified and sequenced. Other assessments conducted on the study subjects included body mass index, transient elastography, liver enzymes, and lipid profile. Fifty-one subjects (36 with MASLD and 15 controls) were evaluated. There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding alpha- or beta-diversity of the duodenal mucosal microbiota. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis showed that the genera Serratia and Aggregatibacter were more abundant in the duodenal mucosa of patients with MASLD, whereas the duodenal mucosal microbiota of the healthy controls was enriched with the genus Petrobacter. PICRUSt2 analysis revealed that genes associated with amino acid degradation and carboxylate degradation were significantly enriched in the duodenal mucosal microbiota of patients with MASLD. Our findings reveal the duodenal mucosal microbiota in patients with MASLD, which could contribute to future studies investigating the causal relationship between duodenal microbiota and MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
- Cancer Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, 158 Shangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hanghai Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
- Cancer Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, 158 Shangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinxin Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mosang Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
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9
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Kaźmierczak-Siedlecka K, Maciejewska-Markiewicz D, Sykulski M, Gruszczyńska A, Herman-Iżycka J, Wyleżoł M, Katarzyna Petriczko K, Palma J, Jakubczyk K, Janda-Milczarek K, Skonieczna-Żydecka K, Stachowska E. Gut Microbiome-How Does Two-Month Consumption of Fiber-Enriched Rolls Change Microbiome in Patients Suffering from MASLD? Nutrients 2024; 16:1173. [PMID: 38674864 PMCID: PMC11053994 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The occurrence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a growing global problem which commonly affects patients with co-existing diseases/conditions, such as type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia. The effective treatment of MASLD is still limited; however, diet plays a significant role in its management. There are multiple beneficial properties of dietary fiber, including its ability to modify the gut microbiome. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of the consumption of fiber-enriched rolls on the gut microbiome and microbial metabolites in patients suffering from MASLD. METHODS The participants were recruited according to the inclusion criteria and were required to consume fiber-enriched rolls containing either 6 g or 12 g of fiber. There were three assessment timepoints, when the anthropometric and laboratory parameters were measured, and 16s on nanopore sequencing of the fecal microbiome was conducted. RESULTS Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the most abundant phyla in the patients living with MASLD. It was demonstrated that the amount of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) changed after the consumption of fiber-enriched rolls; however, this was strongly associated with both the timepoint and the type of SCFAs-acetate and butyrate. Additionally, the high-fiber diet was related to the increase in phyla diversity (p = 0.006571). CONCLUSIONS Overall, the introduction of an appropriate amount of fiber to the diet seems to be promising for patients suffering from MASLD due to its ability to create an improvement in gut microbiome-related aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kaźmierczak-Siedlecka
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics—Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.pl, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Dominika Maciejewska-Markiewicz
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (D.M.-M.); (K.J.); (K.J.-M.)
| | - Maciej Sykulski
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Gruszczyńska
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
| | | | - Mariusz Wyleżoł
- Department of General, Vascular and Oncological Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Karolina Katarzyna Petriczko
- Translational Medicine Group, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland;
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, SPWSZ Hospital, 71-455 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Joanna Palma
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Broniewskiego 24, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Karolina Jakubczyk
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (D.M.-M.); (K.J.); (K.J.-M.)
| | - Katarzyna Janda-Milczarek
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (D.M.-M.); (K.J.); (K.J.-M.)
| | - Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Broniewskiego 24, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Ewa Stachowska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (D.M.-M.); (K.J.); (K.J.-M.)
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10
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Dai X, Jiang K, Ma X, Hu H, Mo X, Huang K, Jiang Q, Chen Y, Liu C. Mendelian randomization suggests a causal relationship between gut microbiota and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in humans. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37478. [PMID: 38518048 PMCID: PMC10957007 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Targeting the gut microbiota is an emerging strategy to treat nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Nonetheless, the causal relationship between specific gut microbiota and NAFLD remains unclear. We first obtained genome-wide association study statistics on gut microbiota and NAFLD from publicly available databases. We then performed the Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to determine the potential causal relationship between the gut microbiota and NAFLD by 5 different methods, and conducted a series of sensitivity analyses to validate the robustness of the MR analysis results. Furthermore, we investigated the direction of causality by bidirectional MR analysis. For 211 gut microbiota, 2 MR methods confirmed that phylum Tenericutes, class Deltaproteobacteria and class Mollicutes were significantly associated with the risk of NAFLD. Heterogeneity (P > .05) and pleiotropy (P > .05) analyses validated the robustness of the MR results. There was no causal effect of NAFLD on these bacterial taxa in the reverse MR analysis. We identified specific gut microbiota with causal effects on NAFLD through gene prediction, which may provide useful guidance for targeting the gut microbiota to intervene and treat NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyi Dai
- Eighth Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
- Department of Hepatology, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
| | - Kaiping Jiang
- Eighth Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
- Department of Hepatology, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
| | - Xiaojun Ma
- Eighth Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
- Department of Hepatology, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
| | - Hongtao Hu
- Eighth Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
- Department of Hepatology, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
| | - Xiaoai Mo
- Eighth Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
- Department of Hepatology, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
| | - Kaizhou Huang
- Eighth Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
- Department of Hepatology, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
| | - Qunfang Jiang
- Eighth Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
- Department of Hepatology, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Eighth Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
- Department of Hepatology, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
| | - Chonglin Liu
- Eighth Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
- Department of Hepatology, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
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11
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Mao Q, Lin B, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Cao Q, Xu M. Understanding the role of ursodeoxycholic acid and gut microbiome in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: current evidence and perspectives. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1371574. [PMID: 38576492 PMCID: PMC10991717 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1371574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease, resulting in a huge medical burden worldwide. Accumulating evidence suggests that the gut microbiome and bile acids play pivotal roles during the development of NAFLD. Patients with NAFLD exhibit unique signatures of the intestinal microbiome marked by the priority of Gram-negative bacteria, decreased ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B), and increased Prevotella and Lachnospiraceae. The intestinal microbiota is involved in the metabolism of bile acids. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is a key determinant in maintaining the dynamic communication between the host and gut microbiota. It generally shows surprising therapeutic potential in NAFLD with several mechanisms, such as improving cellular autophagy, apoptosis, and mitochondrial functions. This action is based on its direct or indirect effect, targeting the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and various other nuclear receptors. This review aims to discuss the current studies on the involvement of the microbiome-UDCA interface in NAFLD therapy and provide prospective insights into future preventative and therapeutic approaches for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyi Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Beibei Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenluo Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengque Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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12
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Li H, Liang J, Han M, Gao Z. Polyphenols synergistic drugs to ameliorate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease via signal pathway and gut microbiota: A review. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00091-2. [PMID: 38471648 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic liver disease with an increasing incidence worldwide. Single drug therapy may have toxic side effects and disrupt gut microbiota balance. Polyphenols are widely used in disease intervention due to their distinctive nutritional properties and medicinal value, which a potential gut microbiota modulator. However, there is a lack of comprehensive review to explore the efficacy and mechanism of combined therapy with drugs and polyphenols for NAFLD. AIM OF REVIEW Based on this, this review firstly discusses the link between NAFLD and gut microbiota, and outlines the effects of polyphenols and drugs on gut microbiota. Secondly, it examined recent advances in the treatment and intervention of NAFLD with drugs and polyphenols and the therapeutic effect of the combination of the two. Finally, we highlight the underlying mechanisms of polyphenol combined drug therapy in NAFLD. This is mainly in terms of signaling pathways (NF-κB, AMPK, Nrf2, JAK/STAT, PPAR, SREBP-1c, PI3K/Akt and TLR) and gut microbiota. Furthermore, some emerging mechanisms such as microRNA potential biomarker therapies may provide therapeutic avenues for NAFLD. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW Drawing inspiration from combination drug strategies, the use of active substances in combination with drugs for NAFLD intervention holds transformative and prospective potential, both improve NAFLD and restore gut microbiota balance while reducing the required drug dosage. This review systematically discusses the bidirectional interactions between gut microbiota and NAFLD, and summarizes the potential mechanisms of polyphenol synergistic drugs in the treatment of NAFLD by modulating signaling pathways and gut microbiota. Future researches should develop multi-omics technology to identify patients who benefit from polyphenols combination drugs and devising individualized treatment plans to enhance its therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongcai Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Liang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengzhen Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenpeng Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Zeng F, Su X, Liang X, Liao M, Zhong H, Xu J, Gou W, Zhang X, Shen L, Zheng JS, Chen YM. Gut microbiome features and metabolites in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults. BMC Med 2024; 22:104. [PMID: 38454425 PMCID: PMC10921631 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-024-03317-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The specific microbiota and associated metabolites linked to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are still controversial. Thus, we aimed to understand how the core gut microbiota and metabolites impact NAFLD. METHODS The data for the discovery cohort were collected from the Guangzhou Nutrition and Health Study (GNHS) follow-up conducted between 2014 and 2018. We collected 272 metadata points from 1546 individuals. The metadata were input into four interpretable machine learning models to identify important gut microbiota associated with NAFLD. These models were subsequently applied to two validation cohorts [the internal validation cohort (n = 377), and the prospective validation cohort (n = 749)] to assess generalizability. We constructed an individual microbiome risk score (MRS) based on the identified gut microbiota and conducted animal faecal microbiome transplantation experiment using faecal samples from individuals with different levels of MRS to determine the relationship between MRS and NAFLD. Additionally, we conducted targeted metabolomic sequencing of faecal samples to analyse potential metabolites. RESULTS Among the four machine learning models used, the lightGBM algorithm achieved the best performance. A total of 12 taxa-related features of the microbiota were selected by the lightGBM algorithm and further used to calculate the MRS. Increased MRS was positively associated with the presence of NAFLD, with odds ratio (OR) of 1.86 (1.72, 2.02) per 1-unit increase in MRS. An elevated abundance of the faecal microbiota (f__veillonellaceae) was associated with increased NAFLD risk, whereas f__rikenellaceae, f__barnesiellaceae, and s__adolescentis were associated with a decreased presence of NAFLD. Higher levels of specific gut microbiota-derived metabolites of bile acids (taurocholic acid) might be positively associated with both a higher MRS and NAFLD risk. FMT in mice further confirmed a causal association between a higher MRS and the development of NAFLD. CONCLUSIONS We confirmed that an alteration in the composition of the core gut microbiota might be biologically relevant to NAFLD development. Our work demonstrated the role of the microbiota in the development of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Zeng
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No.601 Huangpu Road West, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Xin Su
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No.601 Huangpu Road West, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xinxiu Liang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Multi-Omics in Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine and School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310030, China
| | - Minqi Liao
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Haili Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jinjian Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Wanglong Gou
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Multi-Omics in Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine and School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310030, China
| | - Xiangzhou Zhang
- Big Data Decision Institute, Jinan University, No.601 Huangpu Road West, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Luqi Shen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Multi-Omics in Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine and School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310030, China
| | - Ju-Sheng Zheng
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Multi-Omics in Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine and School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310030, China.
| | - Yu-Ming Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
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14
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Targher G, Byrne CD, Tilg H. MASLD: a systemic metabolic disorder with cardiovascular and malignant complications. Gut 2024; 73:691-702. [PMID: 38228377 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2023-330595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has rapidly become the most common chronic liver disease globally and is currently estimated to affect up to 38% of the global adult population. NAFLD is a multisystem disease where systemic insulin resistance and related metabolic dysfunction play a pathogenic role in the development of NAFLD and its most relevant liver-related morbidities (cirrhosis, liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma) and extrahepatic complications, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, and certain types of extrahepatic cancers. In 2023, three large multinational liver associations proposed that metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) should replace the term NAFLD; the name chosen to replace non-alcoholic steatohepatitis was metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). Emerging epidemiological evidence suggests an excellent concordance rate between NAFLD and MASLD definitions-that is, ~99% of individuals with NAFLD meet MASLD criteria. In this narrative review, we provide an overview of the literature on (a) the recent epidemiological data on MASLD and the risk of developing CVD and malignant complications, (b) the underlying mechanisms by which MASLD (and factors strongly linked with MASLD) may increase the risk of these extrahepatic complications and (c) the diagnosis and assessment of CVD risk and potential treatments to reduce CVD risk in people with MASLD or MASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Targher
- Metabolic Diseases Research Unit, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital and Department of Medicine University of Verona, Negrar di Valpolicella (VR), Italy
| | | | - Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medizinische Universitat Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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15
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Long Q, Luo F, Li B, Li Z, Guo Z, Chen Z, Wu W, Hu M. Gut microbiota and metabolic biomarkers in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Hepatol Commun 2024; 8:e0310. [PMID: 38407327 PMCID: PMC10898672 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), a replacement of the nomenclature employed for NAFLD, is the most prevalent chronic liver disease worldwide. Despite its high global prevalence, NAFLD is often under-recognized due to the absence of reliable noninvasive biomarkers for diagnosis and staging. Growing evidence suggests that the gut microbiome plays a significant role in the occurrence and progression of NAFLD by causing immune dysregulation and metabolic alterations due to gut dysbiosis. The rapid advancement of sequencing tools and metabolomics has enabled the identification of alterations in microbiome signatures and gut microbiota-derived metabolite profiles in numerous clinical studies related to NAFLD. Overall, these studies have shown a decrease in α-diversity and changes in gut microbiota abundance, characterized by increased levels of Escherichia and Prevotella, and decreased levels of Akkermansia muciniphila and Faecalibacterium in patients with NAFLD. Furthermore, bile acids, short-chain fatty acids, trimethylamine N-oxide, and tryptophan metabolites are believed to be closely associated with the onset and progression of NAFLD. In this review, we provide novel insights into the vital role of gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Specifically, we summarize the major classes of gut microbiota and metabolic biomarkers in NAFLD, thereby highlighting the links between specific bacterial species and certain gut microbiota-derived metabolites in patients with NAFLD.
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16
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Friedman SL. Hepatic Fibrosis and Cancer: The Silent Threats of Metabolic Syndrome. Diabetes Metab J 2024; 48:161-169. [PMID: 38273792 PMCID: PMC10995486 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2023.0240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic (fatty) liver disease (MASLD), previously termed non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, is a worldwide epidemic that can lead to hepatic inflammation, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The disease is typically a component of the metabolic syndrome that accompanies obesity, and is often overlooked because the liver manifestations are clinically silent until late-stage disease is present (i.e., cirrhosis). Moreover, Asian populations, including Koreans, have a higher fraction of patients who are lean, yet their illness has the same prognosis or worse than those who are obese. Nonetheless, ongoing injury can lead to hepatic inflammation and ballooning of hepatocytes as classic features. Over time, fibrosis develops following activation of hepatic stellate cells, the liver's main fibrogenic cell type. The disease is usually more advanced in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, indicating that all diabetic patients should be screened for liver disease. Although there has been substantial progress in clarifying pathways of injury and fibrosis, there no approved therapies yet, but current research seeks to uncover the pathways driving hepatic inflammation and fibrosis, in hopes of identifying new therapeutic targets. Emerging molecular methods, especially single cell sequencing technologies, are revolutionizing our ability to clarify mechanisms underlying MASLD-associated fibrosis and HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott L. Friedman
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Wei J, Luo J, Yang F, Dai W, Pan X, Luo M. Identification of commensal gut bacterial strains with lipogenic effects contributing to NAFLD in children. iScience 2024; 27:108861. [PMID: 38313052 PMCID: PMC10835367 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota is known to have a significant impact on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), particularly in children with obesity. However, the specific functions of microbiota at the strain level in this population have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we successfully isolated and identified several commensal gut bacterial strains that were dominant in children with obesity and NAFLD. Among these, four novel isolates were found to have significant lipogenic effects in vitro. These strains exhibited a potential link to hepatocyte steatosis by regulating the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism and inflammation. Moreover, a larger cohort analysis confirmed that these identified bacterial strains were enriched in the NAFLD group. The integrated analysis of these strains effectively distinguished NASH from NAFL. These four strains might serve as potential biomarkers in children with NAFLD. These findings provided new insights into the exploration of therapeutic targets for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wei
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Jiayou Luo
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Wen Dai
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Xiongfeng Pan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Miyang Luo
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
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Kumar B, Lorusso E, Fosso B, Pesole G. A comprehensive overview of microbiome data in the light of machine learning applications: categorization, accessibility, and future directions. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1343572. [PMID: 38419630 PMCID: PMC10900530 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1343572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Metagenomics, Metabolomics, and Metaproteomics have significantly advanced our knowledge of microbial communities by providing culture-independent insights into their composition and functional potential. However, a critical challenge in this field is the lack of standard and comprehensive metadata associated with raw data, hindering the ability to perform robust data stratifications and consider confounding factors. In this comprehensive review, we categorize publicly available microbiome data into five types: shotgun sequencing, amplicon sequencing, metatranscriptomic, metabolomic, and metaproteomic data. We explore the importance of metadata for data reuse and address the challenges in collecting standardized metadata. We also, assess the limitations in metadata collection of existing public repositories collecting metagenomic data. This review emphasizes the vital role of metadata in interpreting and comparing datasets and highlights the need for standardized metadata protocols to fully leverage metagenomic data's potential. Furthermore, we explore future directions of implementation of Machine Learning (ML) in metadata retrieval, offering promising avenues for a deeper understanding of microbial communities and their ecological roles. Leveraging these tools will enhance our insights into microbial functional capabilities and ecological dynamics in diverse ecosystems. Finally, we emphasize the crucial metadata role in ML models development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bablu Kumar
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari A. Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Erika Lorusso
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari A. Moro, Bari, Italy
- National Research Council, Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, Bari, Italy
| | - Bruno Fosso
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari A. Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Graziano Pesole
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari A. Moro, Bari, Italy
- National Research Council, Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, Bari, Italy
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Garcia-Morena D, Fernandez-Cantos MV, Escalera SL, Lok J, Iannone V, Cancellieri P, Maathuis W, Panagiotou G, Aranzamendi C, Aidy SE, Kolehmainen M, El-Nezami H, Wellejus A, Kuipers OP. In Vitro Influence of Specific Bacteroidales Strains on Gut and Liver Health Related to Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10219-1. [PMID: 38319537 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10219-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has become a major health risk and a serious worldwide issue. MAFLD typically arises from aberrant lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and inflammation. However, subjacent causes are multifactorial. The gut has been proposed as a major factor in health and disease, and over the last decade, bacterial strains with potentially beneficial effects on the host have been identified. In vitro cell models have been commonly used as an early step before in vivo drug assessment and can confer complementary advantages in gut and liver health research. In this study, several selected strains of the order Bacteroidales were used in a three-cell line in vitro analysis (HT-29, Caco-2, and HepG2 cell lines) to investigate their potential as new-generation probiotics and microbiota therapeutics. Antimicrobial activity, a potentially useful trait, was studied, and the results showed that Bacteroidales can be a source of either wide- or narrow-spectrum antimicrobials targeting other closely related strains. Moreover, Bacteroides sp. 4_1_36 induced a significant decrease in gut permeability, as evidenced by the high TEER values in the Caco-2 monolayer assay, as well as a reduction in free fatty acid accumulation and improved fatty acid clearance in a steatosis HepG2 model. These results suggest that Bacteroidales may spearhead the next generation of probiotics to prevent or diminish MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Garcia-Morena
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Victoria Fernandez-Cantos
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Silvia Lopez Escalera
- Chr. Hansen A/S, Bøge Allé 10-12, 2970, Hørsholm, Denmark
- Friedrich-Schiller Universität Jena, Fakultät für Biowissenschaften, 18K, 07743, Bachstraβe, Germany
| | - Johnson Lok
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70200, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Valeria Iannone
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70200, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pierluca Cancellieri
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Willem Maathuis
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gianni Panagiotou
- Department of Microbiome Dynamics, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (Leibniz-HKI), 07745, Jena, Germany
- Department of Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Carmen Aranzamendi
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, Host-Microbe Metabolic Interactions, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sahar El Aidy
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, Host-Microbe Metabolic Interactions, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marjukka Kolehmainen
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70200, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hani El-Nezami
- Molecular and Cell Biology Division, School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Anja Wellejus
- Chr. Hansen A/S, Bøge Allé 10-12, 2970, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Oscar P Kuipers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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20
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Su X, Chen S, Liu J, Feng Y, Han E, Hao X, Liao M, Cai J, Zhang S, Niu J, He S, Huang S, Lo K, Zeng F. Composition of gut microbiota and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13646. [PMID: 37813400 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize the associations between gut microbiota composition and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. To compare the differences between individuals with or without NAFLD, the standardized mean difference and 95% confidence interval were computed for each α-diversity index and relative abundance of gut microbes. The β-diversity indices were summarized in a qualitative manner. A total of 54 studies with 8894 participants were included. Overall, patients with NAFLD had moderate reduction in α-diversity indices including Shannon (SMD = -0.36, 95% CI = [-0.53, -0.19], p < 0.001) and Chao 1 (SMD = -0.42, 95% CI = [-0.68, -0.17], p = 0.001), but no significant differences were found for Simpson, observed species, phylogenetic diversity, richness, abundance-based coverage estimator, and evenness (p ranged from 0.081 to 0.953). Over 75% of the included studies reported significant differences in β-diversity. Although there was substantial interstudy heterogeneity, especially for analyses at the phylum, class, and family levels, the majority of the included studies showed alterations in the depletion of anti-inflammatory microbes (i.e., Ruminococcaceae and Coprococcus) and the enrichment of proinflammatory microbes (i.e., Fusobacterium and Escherichia) in patients with NAFLD. Perturbations in gut microbiota were associated with NAFLD, commonly reflected by a reduction in beneficial species and an increase in the pathogenic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Su
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiyun Chen
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiazi Liu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yonghui Feng
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Eerdun Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xiaolei Hao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Minqi Liao
- Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology, Neuherberg, PR, Germany
| | - Jun Cai
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiwen Zhang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianxiang Niu
- General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Shihua He
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shaofen Huang
- Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kenneth Lo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fangfang Zeng
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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21
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Zhang M, Xiao B, Chen X, Ou B, Wang S. Physical exercise plays a role in rebalancing the bile acids of enterohepatic axis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14065. [PMID: 38037846 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered as one of the most common diseases of lipid metabolism disorders, which is closely related to bile acids disorders and gut microbiota disorders. Bile acids are synthesized from cholesterol in the liver, and processed by gut microbiota in intestinal tract, and participate in metabolic regulation through the enterohepatic circulation. Bile acids not only promote the consumption and absorption of intestinal fat but also play an important role in biological metabolic signaling network, affecting fat metabolism and glucose metabolism. Studies have demonstrated that exercise plays an important role in regulating the composition and function of bile acid pool in enterohepatic axis, which maintains the homeostasis of the enterohepatic circulation and the health of the host gut microbiota. Exercise has been recommended by several health guidelines as the first-line intervention for patients with NAFLD. Can exercise alter bile acids through the microbiota in the enterohepatic axis? If so, regulating bile acids through exercise may be a promising treatment strategy for NAFLD. However, the specific mechanisms underlying this potential connection are largely unknown. Therefore, in this review, we tried to review the relationship among NAFLD, physical exercise, bile acids, and gut microbiota through the existing data and literature, highlighting the role of physical exercise in rebalancing bile acid and microbial dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyu Zhang
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Biyang Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Xiaoqi Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Bingming Ou
- College of Life Sciences, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, China
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Songtao Wang
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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22
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Díaz LA, Arab JP, Louvet A, Bataller R, Arrese M. The intersection between alcohol-related liver disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 20:764-783. [PMID: 37582985 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00822-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) are the leading causes of chronic liver disease worldwide. NAFLD and ALD share pathophysiological, histological and genetic features and both alcohol and metabolic dysfunction coexist as aetiological factors in many patients with hepatic steatosis. A diagnosis of NAFLD requires the exclusion of significant alcohol consumption and other causes of liver disease. However, data suggest that significant alcohol consumption is often under-reported in patients classified as having NAFLD and that alcohol and metabolic factors interact to exacerbate the progression of liver disease. In this Review, we analyse existing data on the interaction between alcohol consumption and metabolic syndrome as well as the overlapping features and differences in the pathogenesis of ALD and NAFLD. We also discuss the clinical implications of the coexistence of alcohol consumption, of any degree, in patients with evidence of metabolic derangement as well as the use of alcohol biomarkers to detect alcohol intake. Finally, we summarize the evolving nomenclature of fatty liver disease and describe a recent proposal to classify patients at the intersection of NAFLD and ALD. We propose that, regardless of the presumed aetiology, patients with fatty liver disease should be evaluated for both metabolic syndrome and alcohol consumption to enable better prognostication and a personalized medicine approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Antonio Díaz
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Arab
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine, Western University & London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexandre Louvet
- Service des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Hôpital Huriez, Lille Cedex, France
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- Unité INSERM INFINITE 1286, Lille, France
| | - Ramón Bataller
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marco Arrese
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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23
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Shou D, Luo Q, Tang W, Cao C, Huang H, Chen H, Zhou Y. Hepatobiliary and pancreatic: Multi-donor fecal microbiota transplantation attenuated high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis in mice by remodeling the gut microbiota. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 38:2195-2205. [PMID: 37787118 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.16359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) can improve the symptoms of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by restoring the gut microbiota. This study was aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of single-donor (SD) or multi-donor (MD) FMT in a mouse model of hepatic steatosis and explore the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Fecal samples were collected from NAFLD patients and healthy controls with similar baseline characteristics, with gut microbiota analyzed. Mice were fed either a normal-chow diet (NCD) or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 3 weeks and then administered fecal microbiota collected from healthy SDs or MDs for 12 weeks. RESULTS Fecal samples from NAFLD patients showed significantly lower microbial diversity than those from healthy controls. MD-FMT reduced liver fat accumulation and body weight and significantly improved serum and liver biochemical indices in HFD-fed mice. Compared to untreated HFD-fed mice, MD-FMT significantly decreased the relative expression of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-1β mRNAs in the liver. The relative protein level of intestinal barrier components, including claudin-1, occludin, and E-cadherin, as well as serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) level in mice, were found to be improved following MD-FMT intervention. Furthermore, FMT reversed HFD-induced gut dysbiosis and increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Blautia and Akkermansia. CONCLUSION NAFLD patients and healthy controls showed distinct gut microbiota. Likewise, HFD altered gut microbiota in mice compared to NCD-fed controls. MD-FMT restored gut dysbiosis in HFD-fed mice and attenuated liver steatosis, and should be considered as an effective treatment option for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diwen Shou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingling Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjuan Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuangyu Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongli Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiting Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongjian Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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24
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Zou Y, Yue M, Jia L, Wang Y, Chen H, Zhang A, Xia X, Liu W, Yu R, Yang S, Huang P. Accurate prediction of HCC risk after SVR in patients with hepatitis C cirrhosis based on longitudinal data. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:1147. [PMID: 38007418 PMCID: PMC10676612 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11628-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most existing predictive models of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk after sustained virologic response (SVR) are built on data collected at baseline and therefore have limited accuracy. The current study aimed to construct an accurate predictive model incorporating longitudinal data using a novel modeling strategy. The predictive performance of the longitudinal model was also compared with a baseline model. METHODS A total of 400 patients with HCV-related cirrhosis who achieved SVR with direct-acting antivirals (DAA) were enrolled in the study. Patients were randomly divided into a training set (70%) and a validation set (30%). Informative features were extracted from the longitudinal variables and then put into the random survival forest (RSF) to develop the longitudinal model. A baseline model including the same variables was built for comparison. RESULTS During a median follow-up time of approximately 5 years, 25 patients (8.9%) in the training set and 11 patients (9.2%) in the validation set developed HCC. The areas under the receiver-operating characteristics curves (AUROC) for the longitudinal model were 0.9507 (0.8838-0.9997), 0.8767 (0.6972,0.9918), and 0.8307 (0.6941,0.9993) for 1-, 2- and 3-year risk prediction, respectively. The brier scores of the longitudinal model were also relatively low for the 1-, 2- and 3-year risk prediction (0.0283, 0.0561, and 0.0501, respectively). In contrast, the baseline model only achieved mediocre AUROCs of around 0.6 (0.6113, 0.6213, and 0.6480, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our longitudinal model yielded accurate predictions of HCC risk in patients with HCV-relate cirrhosis, outperforming the baseline model. Our model can provide patients with valuable prognosis information and guide the intensity of surveillance in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzheng Zou
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Ming Yue
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Linna Jia
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Jurong Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Jurong, China
| | - Hongbo Chen
- Department of Infectious Disease, Jurong Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Jurong, China
| | - Amei Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan, China
| | - Xueshan Xia
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan, China
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing, China
| | - Rongbin Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Sheng Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
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25
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Rodriguez-Ramiro I. New Insights into Nutrition and Gut-Liver Axis: A Focus on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Nutrients 2023; 15:4917. [PMID: 38068775 PMCID: PMC10707953 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the leading causes of chronic liver disease and represents a public health issue in Western industrialized countries [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildefonso Rodriguez-Ramiro
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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26
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Abdollahiyan S, Nabavi-Rad A, Keshavarz Azizi Raftar S, Monnoye M, Salarieh N, Farahanie A, Asadzadeh Aghdaei H, Zali MR, Hatami B, Gérard P, Yadegar A. Characterization of gut microbiome composition in Iranian patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20584. [PMID: 37996480 PMCID: PMC10667333 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47905-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota dysbiosis is intimately associated with development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Nevertheless, the gut microbial community during the course of NAFLD and NASH is yet to be comprehensively profiled. This study evaluated alterations in fecal microbiota composition in Iranian patients with NAFLD and NASH compared with healthy individuals. This cross-sectional study enrolled 15 NAFLD, 15 NASH patients, and 20 healthy controls, and their clinical parameters were examined. The taxonomic composition of the fecal microbiota was determined by sequencing the V3-V4 region of 16S rRNA genes of stool samples. Compared to the healthy controls, NAFLD and NASH patients presented reduced bacterial diversity and richness. We noticed a reduction in the relative abundance of Bacteroidota and a promotion in the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in NAFLD and NASH patients. L-histidine degradation I pathway, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate biosynthesis I pathway, and superpathway of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate biosynthesis and salvage were more abundant in NAFLD patients than in healthy individuals. This study examined fecal microbiota dysbiosis in NAFLD and NASH patients and presented consistent results to European countries. These condition- and ethnicity-specific data could provide different diagnostic signatures and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Abdollahiyan
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Nabavi-Rad
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrbanoo Keshavarz Azizi Raftar
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Magali Monnoye
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Paris-Saclay University, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Naghmeh Salarieh
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Farahanie
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Hatami
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Philippe Gérard
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Paris-Saclay University, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Abbas Yadegar
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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27
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Gao S, Wang J. Maternal and infant microbiome: next-generation indicators and targets for intergenerational health and nutrition care. Protein Cell 2023; 14:807-823. [PMID: 37184065 PMCID: PMC10636639 DOI: 10.1093/procel/pwad029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbes are commonly sensitive to shifts in the physiological and pathological state of their hosts, including mothers and babies. From this perspective, the microbiome may be a good indicator for diseases during pregnancy and has the potential to be used for perinatal health monitoring. This is embodied in the application of microbiome from multi body sites for auxiliary diagnosis, early prediction, prolonged monitoring, and retrospective diagnosis of pregnancy and infant complications, as well as nutrition management and health products developments of mothers and babies. Here we summarized the progress in these areas and explained that the microbiome of different body sites is sensitive to different diseases and their microbial biomarkers may overlap between each other, thus we need to make a diagnosis prudently for those diseases. Based on the microbiome variances and additional anthropometric and physical data, individualized responses of mothers and neonates to meals and probiotics/prebiotics were predictable, which is of importance for precise nutrition and probiotics/prebiotics managements and developments. Although a great deal of encouraging performance was manifested in previous studies, the efficacy could be further improved by combining multi-aspect data such as multi-omics and time series analysis in the future. This review reconceptualizes maternal and infant health from a microbiome perspective, and the knowledge in it may inspire the development of new options for the prevention and treatment of adverse pregnancy outcomes and bring a leap forward in perinatal health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengtao Gao
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jinfeng Wang
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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28
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Pan C, Liu C, Jia W, Zhao D, Chen X, Zhu X, Yang M, Wang L. Alcohol drinking alters oral microbiota to modulate the progression of alcohol-related liver disease. iScience 2023; 26:107977. [PMID: 37810215 PMCID: PMC10558787 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) is one of the leading causes of liver-related death worldwide. However, roles of oral microbiota in regulating the progression of ALD remain unknown. Here, we fed mice with control or ethanol diet to establish chronic-plus-binge ALD model. 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing was performed on oral and cecum samples. We demonstrated that alcohol drinking influenced bacterial richness, microbial structure, and composition in oral samples of ethanol-fed mice compared with control mice. Alcohol consumption also remodeled relationships among oral microbes and altered functions of oral microbiota. Furthermore, oral microbiota, such as Streptococcus, Helicobacter, Alloprevotella, and Psychrobacter were closely associated with ALD parameters. Finally, we observed Sutterellaceae_uncultured, Dyella, and Gemmatimonas possibly translocated along with oral-gut axis and positively correlated with the severity of ALD. Altogether, alcohol consumption reprogramed composition and functions of oral microbiota to promote ALD progression, suggesting that oral microbes might become a new target for ALD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuyue Pan
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiang Su 211198, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Institute of Modern Biology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Wenxin Jia
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiang Su 211198, China
| | - Danyang Zhao
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiang Su 211198, China
| | - Xiaoshan Chen
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiang Su 211198, China
| | - Xiang Zhu
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiang Su 211198, China
| | - Maohui Yang
- Institute of Modern Biology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Lirui Wang
- Institute of Modern Biology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
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Spooner MH, Garcia-Jaramillo M, Apperson KD, Löhr CV, Jump DB. Time course of western diet (WD) induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in female and male Ldlr-/- mice. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292432. [PMID: 37819925 PMCID: PMC10566735 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global health problem. Identification of factors contributing to the onset and progression of NAFLD have the potential to direct novel strategies to combat NAFLD. METHODS We examined the time course of western diet (WD)-induced NAFLD and its progression to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in age-matched female and male Ldlr-/- mice, with time-points at 1, 4, 8, 20 and 40 weeks on the WD. Controls included Ldlr-/- mice maintained on a purified low-fat diet (LFD) for 1 and 40 weeks. The approach included quantitation of anthropometric, plasma and liver markers of disease, plus hepatic histology, lipids, oxylipins, gene expression and selected metabolites. RESULTS One week of feeding the WD caused a significant reduction in hepatic essential fatty acids (EFAs: 18:2, ω6, 18:3, ω3) which preceded the decline in many C20-22 ω3 and ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and PUFA-derived oxylipins after 4 weeks on the WD. In addition, expression of hepatic inflammation markers (CD40, CD44, Mcp1, Nlrp3, TLR2, TLR4, Trem2) increased significantly in both female & male mice after one week on the WD. These markers continued to increase over the 40-week WD feeding study. WD effects on hepatic EFA and inflammation preceded all significant WD-induced changes in body weight, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), oxidative stress status (GSH/GSSG ratio) and histological and gene expression markers of macrosteatosis, extracellular matrix remodeling and fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings establish that feeding Ldlr-/- mice the WD rapidly lowered hepatic EFAs and induced key inflammatory markers linked to NASH. Since EFAs have an established role in inflammation and hepatic inflammation plays a major role in NASH, we suggest that early clinical assessment of EFA status and correcting EFA deficiencies may be useful in reducing NASH severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda H. Spooner
- Nutrition Program, College of Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
| | - Manuel Garcia-Jaramillo
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis OR, United States of America
| | - K. Denise Apperson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
| | - Christiane V. Löhr
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
| | - Donald B. Jump
- Nutrition Program, College of Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
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Wang S, Friedman SL. Found in translation-Fibrosis in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadi0759. [PMID: 37792957 PMCID: PMC10671253 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adi0759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is a severe form of liver disease that poses a global health threat because of its potential to progress to advanced fibrosis, leading to cirrhosis and liver cancer. Recent advances in single-cell methodologies, refined disease models, and genetic and epigenetic insights have provided a nuanced understanding of MASH fibrogenesis, with substantial cellular heterogeneity in MASH livers providing potentially targetable cell-cell interactions and behavior. Unlike fibrogenesis, mechanisms underlying fibrosis regression in MASH are still inadequately understood, although antifibrotic targets have been recently identified. A refined antifibrotic treatment framework could lead to noninvasive assessment and targeted therapies that preserve hepatocellular function and restore the liver's architectural integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wang
- Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Scott L. Friedman
- Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
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Chen CY, Ho HC. Roles of gut microbes in metabolic-associated fatty liver disease. Tzu Chi Med J 2023; 35:279-289. [PMID: 38035063 PMCID: PMC10683521 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_86_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease. Gut dysbiosis is considered a significant contributing factor in disease development. Increased intestinal permeability can be induced by gut dysbiosis, followed by the entry of lipopolysaccharide into circulation to reach peripheral tissue and result in chronic inflammation. We reviewed how microbial metabolites push host physiology toward MAFLD, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acids, and tryptophan metabolites. The effects of SCFAs are generally reported as anti-inflammatory and can improve intestinal barrier function and restore gut microbiota. Gut microbes can influence intestinal barrier function through SCFAs produced by fermentative bacteria, especially butyrate and propionate producers. This is achieved through the activation of free fatty acid sensing receptors. Bile is directly involved in lipid absorption. Gut microbes can alter bile acid composition by bile salt hydrolase-producing bacteria and bacterial hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-producing bacteria. These bile acids can affect host physiology by activating farnesoid X receptor Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5. Gut microbes can also induce MAFLD-associated symptoms by producing tryptophan metabolites kynurenine, serotonin, and indole-3-propionate. A summary of bacterial genera involved in SCFAs production, bile acid transformation, and tryptophan metabolism is provided. Many bacteria have demonstrated efficacy in alleviating MAFLD in animal models and are potential therapeutic candidates for MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yao Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chen Ho
- Department of Anatomy, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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Tilg H, Byrne CD, Targher G. NASH drug treatment development: challenges and lessons. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 8:943-954. [PMID: 37597527 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(23)00159-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common chronic liver disease worldwide. Although NAFLD is tightly linked to obesity and type 2 diabetes, this liver disease also affects individuals who do not have obesity. NAFLD increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and certain extrahepatic cancers. There is currently no licensed pharmacotherapy for NAFLD, despite numerous clinical trials in the past two decades. Currently, the reason so few drugs have been successful in the treatment of NAFLD in a trial setting is not fully understood. As cardiovascular disease is the predominant cause of mortality in people with NAFLD, future pharmacotherapies for NAFLD must consider associated cardiometabolic risk factors. The successful use of glucose-lowering drugs in the treatment of type 2 diabetes in patients with NAFLD indicates that this strategy is important, and worth developing further. Greater public awareness of NAFLD is needed because collaboration between all stakeholders is vital to enable a holistic approach to successful treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Christopher D Byrne
- National Institute for Health and Care Research, Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton and University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Giovanni Targher
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Sacro Cuore Don Calabria, Negrar di Valpolicella, Italy
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Ni Y, Qian L, Siliceo SL, Long X, Nychas E, Liu Y, Ismaiah MJ, Leung H, Zhang L, Gao Q, Wu Q, Zhang Y, Jia X, Liu S, Yuan R, Zhou L, Wang X, Li Q, Zhao Y, El-Nezami H, Xu A, Xu G, Li H, Panagiotou G, Jia W. Resistant starch decreases intrahepatic triglycerides in patients with NAFLD via gut microbiome alterations. Cell Metab 2023; 35:1530-1547.e8. [PMID: 37673036 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a hepatic manifestation of metabolic dysfunction for which effective interventions are lacking. To investigate the effects of resistant starch (RS) as a microbiota-directed dietary supplement for NAFLD treatment, we coupled a 4-month randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial in individuals with NAFLD (ChiCTR-IOR-15007519) with metagenomics and metabolomics analysis. Relative to the control (n = 97), the RS intervention (n = 99) resulted in a 9.08% absolute reduction of intrahepatic triglyceride content (IHTC), which was 5.89% after adjusting for weight loss. Serum branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and gut microbial species, in particular Bacteroides stercoris, significantly correlated with IHTC and liver enzymes and were reduced by RS. Multi-omics integrative analyses revealed the interplay among gut microbiota changes, BCAA availability, and hepatic steatosis, with causality supported by fecal microbiota transplantation and monocolonization in mice. Thus, RS dietary supplementation might be a strategy for managing NAFLD by altering gut microbiota composition and functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqiong Ni
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China; Microbiome Dynamics, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11A, 07745 Jena, Germany; Cluster of Excellence Balance of the Microverse, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Lingling Qian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Sara Leal Siliceo
- Microbiome Dynamics, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11A, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Xiaoxue Long
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Emmanouil Nychas
- Microbiome Dynamics, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11A, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Marsena Jasiel Ismaiah
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland; School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Howell Leung
- Microbiome Dynamics, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11A, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Lei Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Qiongmei Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xi Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shuangbo Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Rui Yuan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Lina Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Qi Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yueliang Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Hani El-Nezami
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland; School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Aimin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guowang Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Huating Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Gianni Panagiotou
- Microbiome Dynamics, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11A, 07745 Jena, Germany; Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Friedrich Schiller University, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Jena, Germany.
| | - Weiping Jia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China.
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Han W, Wang N, Han M, Liu X, Sun T, Xu J. Identification of microbial markers associated with lung cancer based on multi-cohort 16 s rRNA analyses: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Med 2023; 12:19301-19319. [PMID: 37676050 PMCID: PMC10557844 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between commensal microbiota and lung cancer (LC) has been studied extensively. However, developing replicable microbiological markers for early LC diagnosis across multiple populations has remained challenging. Current studies are limited to a single region, single LC subtype, and small sample size. Therefore, we aimed to perform the first large-scale meta-analysis for identifying micro biomarkers for LC screening by integrating gut and respiratory samples from multiple studies and building a machine-learning classifier. METHODS In total, 712 gut and 393 respiratory samples were assessed via 16 s rRNA amplicon sequencing. After identifying the taxa of differential biomarkers, we established random forest models to distinguish between LC populations and normal controls. We validated the robustness and specificity of the model using external cohorts. Moreover, we also used the KEGG database for the predictive analysis of colony-related functions. RESULTS The α and β diversity indices indicated that LC patients' gut microbiota (GM) and lung microbiota (LM) differed significantly from those of the healthy population. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) of effect size (LEfSe) helped us identify the top-ranked biomarkers, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, and Escherichia, in two microbial niches. The area under the curve values of the diagnostic model for the two sites were 0.81 and 0.90, respectively. KEGG enrichment analysis also revealed significant differences in microbiota-associated functions between cancer-affected and healthy individuals that were primarily associated with metabolic disturbances. CONCLUSIONS GM and LM profiles were significantly altered in LC patients, compared to healthy individuals. We identified the taxa of biomarkers at the two loci and constructed accurate diagnostic models. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of LC-specific microbiological markers in multiple populations and contributes to the early diagnosis and screening of LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Han
- Department of Breast Medicine 1Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer HospitalShenyangChina
- Department of PharmacologyCancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer HospitalShenyangChina
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Breast Medicine 1Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer HospitalShenyangChina
- Department of PharmacologyCancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer HospitalShenyangChina
| | - Mengzhen Han
- Department of Breast Medicine 1Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer HospitalShenyangChina
- Department of PharmacologyCancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer HospitalShenyangChina
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- Liaoning Kanghui Biotechnology Co., LtdShenyangChina
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Breast Medicine 1Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer HospitalShenyangChina
- Key Laboratory of Liaoning Breast Cancer ResearchShenyangChina
- Department of Breast MedicineCancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer HospitalShenyangChina
| | - Junnan Xu
- Department of Breast Medicine 1Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer HospitalShenyangChina
- Department of PharmacologyCancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer HospitalShenyangChina
- Department of Breast MedicineCancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer HospitalShenyangChina
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Guo Q, Li Y, Dai X, Wang B, Zhang J, Cao H. Polysaccharides: The Potential Prebiotics for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD). Nutrients 2023; 15:3722. [PMID: 37686754 PMCID: PMC10489936 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic (dysfunction) associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is recognized as the most prevalent chronic liver disease globally. However, its pathogenesis remains incompletely understood. Recent advancements in the gut-liver axis offer novel insights into the development of MAFLD. Polysaccharides, primarily derived from fungal and algal sources, abundantly exist in the human diet and exert beneficial effects on glycometabolism, lipid metabolism, inflammation, immune modulation, oxidative stress, and the release of MAFLD. Numerous studies have demonstrated that these bioactivities of polysaccharides are associated with their prebiotic properties, including the ability to modulate the gut microbiome profile, maintain gut barrier integrity, regulate metabolites produced by gut microbiota such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and bile acids (BAs), and contribute to intestinal homeostasis. This narrative review aims to present a comprehensive summary of the current understanding of the protective effects of polysaccharides on MAFLD through their interactions with the gut microbiota and its metabolites. Specifically, we highlight the potential molecular mechanisms underlying the prebiotic effects of polysaccharides, which may give new avenues for the prevention and treatment of MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, National Key Clinical Specialty, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China; (Q.G.); (Y.L.); (X.D.); (B.W.)
| | - Yun Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, National Key Clinical Specialty, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China; (Q.G.); (Y.L.); (X.D.); (B.W.)
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Xin Dai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, National Key Clinical Specialty, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China; (Q.G.); (Y.L.); (X.D.); (B.W.)
| | - Bangmao Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, National Key Clinical Specialty, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China; (Q.G.); (Y.L.); (X.D.); (B.W.)
| | - Jie Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, National Key Clinical Specialty, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China; (Q.G.); (Y.L.); (X.D.); (B.W.)
| | - Hailong Cao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, National Key Clinical Specialty, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China; (Q.G.); (Y.L.); (X.D.); (B.W.)
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Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic fatty liver disease worldwide, particularly in obese and type 2 diabetic individuals. Currently, there are no therapies for NAFLD that have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. Herein, we examine the rationale for using ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in NAFLD therapy. This focus is based on the finding that NAFLD severity is associated with a reduction of hepatic C20-22 ω3 PUFAs. Because C20-22 ω3 PUFAs are pleiotropic regulators of cell function, loss of C20-22 ω3 PUFAs has the potential to significantly impact hepatic function. We describe NAFLD prevalence and pathophysiology as well as current NAFLD therapies. We also present evidence from clinical and preclinical studies that evaluated the capacity of C20-22 ω3 PUFAs to treat NAFLD. Given the clinical and preclinical evidence, dietary C20-22 ω3 PUFA supplementation has the potential to decrease human NAFLD severity by reducing hepatosteatosis and liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda H Spooner
- Molecular Nutrition and Diabetes Research Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA;
| | - Donald B Jump
- Molecular Nutrition and Diabetes Research Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA;
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Yang G, Liu R, Rezaei S, Liu X, Wan YJY. Uncovering the Gut-Liver Axis Biomarkers for Predicting Metabolic Burden in Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:3406. [PMID: 37571345 PMCID: PMC10421148 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Western diet (WD) intake, aging, and inactivation of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) are risk factors for metabolic and chronic inflammation-related health issues ranging from metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) to dementia. The progression of MASLD can be escalated when those risks are combined. Inactivation of FXR, the receptor for bile acid (BA), is cancer prone in both humans and mice. The current study used multi-omics including hepatic transcripts, liver, serum, and urine metabolites, hepatic BAs, as well as gut microbiota from mouse models to classify those risks using machine learning. A linear support vector machine with K-fold cross-validation was used for classification and feature selection. We have identified that increased urine sucrose alone achieved 91% accuracy in predicting WD intake. Hepatic lithocholic acid and serum pyruvate had 100% and 95% accuracy, respectively, to classify age. Urine metabolites (decreased creatinine and taurine as well as increased succinate) or increased gut bacteria (Dorea, Dehalobacterium, and Oscillospira) could predict FXR deactivation with greater than 90% accuracy. Human disease relevance is partly revealed using the metabolite-disease interaction network. Transcriptomics data were also compared with the human liver disease datasets. WD-reduced hepatic Cyp39a1 (cytochrome P450 family 39 subfamily a member 1) and increased Gramd1b (GRAM domain containing 1B) were also changed in human liver cancer and metabolic liver disease, respectively. Together, our data contribute to the identification of noninvasive biomarkers within the gut-liver axis to predict metabolic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyan Yang
- Department of Medical Pathology, Laboratory Medicine in Sacramento, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA;
| | - Rex Liu
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (R.L.); (S.R.); (X.L.)
| | - Shahbaz Rezaei
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (R.L.); (S.R.); (X.L.)
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (R.L.); (S.R.); (X.L.)
| | - Yu-Jui Yvonne Wan
- Department of Medical Pathology, Laboratory Medicine in Sacramento, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA;
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Cazac GD, Lăcătușu CM, Ștefănescu G, Mihai C, Grigorescu ED, Onofriescu A, Mihai BM. Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease-Current Background, Hopes, and Perspectives. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13050581. [PMID: 37233622 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13050581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents the most common chronic liver disease worldwide, reaching one of the highest prevalences in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). For now, no specific pharmacologic therapies are approved to prevent or treat NAFLD. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are currently evaluated as potential candidates for NAFLD treatment in patients with T2DM. Some representatives of this class of antihyperglycemic agents emerged as potentially beneficial in patients with NAFLD after several research studies suggested they reduce hepatic steatosis, ameliorate lesions of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), or delay the progression of fibrosis in this population. The aim of this review is to summarize the body of evidence supporting the effectiveness of GLP-1RA therapy in the management of T2DM complicated with NAFLD, describing the studies that evaluated the effects of these glucose-lowering agents in fatty liver disease and fibrosis, their possible mechanistic justification, current evidence-based recommendations, and the next steps to be developed in the field of pharmacological innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgiana-Diana Cazac
- Unit of Diabetes, Nutrition, and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Cristina-Mihaela Lăcătușu
- Unit of Diabetes, Nutrition, and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- Clinical Center of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, "Sf. Spiridon" County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
| | - Gabriela Ștefănescu
- Unit of Medical Semiology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, "Sf. Spiridon" County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
| | - Cătălina Mihai
- Unit of Medical Semiology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, "Sf. Spiridon" County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
| | - Elena-Daniela Grigorescu
- Unit of Diabetes, Nutrition, and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Alina Onofriescu
- Unit of Diabetes, Nutrition, and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- Clinical Center of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, "Sf. Spiridon" County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
| | - Bogdan-Mircea Mihai
- Unit of Diabetes, Nutrition, and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- Clinical Center of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, "Sf. Spiridon" County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
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Daniel N, Genua F, Jenab M, Mayén AL, Chrysovalantou Chatziioannou A, Keski-Rahkonen P, Hughes DJ. The role of the gut microbiome in the development of hepatobiliary cancers. Hepatology 2023:01515467-990000000-00390. [PMID: 37055022 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Hepatobiliary cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma and cancers of the biliary tract, share high mortality and rising incidence rates. They may also share several risk factors related to unhealthy western-type dietary and lifestyle patterns as well as increasing body weights and rates of obesity. Recent data also suggest a role for the gut microbiome in the development of hepatobiliary cancer and other liver pathologies. The gut microbiome and the liver interact bidirectionally through the "gut-liver axis," which describes the interactive relationship between the gut, its microbiota, and the liver. Here, we review the gut-liver interactions within the context of hepatobiliary carcinogenesis by outlining the experimental and observational evidence for the roles of gut microbiome dysbiosis, reduced gut barrier function, and exposure to inflammatory compounds as well as metabolic dysfunction as contributors to hepatobiliary cancer development. We also outline the latest findings regarding the impact of dietary and lifestyle factors on liver pathologies as mediated by the gut microbiome. Finally, we highlight some emerging gut microbiome editing techniques currently being investigated in the context of hepatobiliary diseases. Although much work remains to be done in determining the relationships between the gut microbiome and hepatobiliary cancers, emerging mechanistic insights are informing treatments, such as potential microbiota manipulation strategies and guiding public health advice on dietary/lifestyle patterns for the prevention of these lethal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Daniel
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, Conway Institute, School of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Flavia Genua
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, Conway Institute, School of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mazda Jenab
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Ana-Lucia Mayén
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - Pekka Keski-Rahkonen
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - David J Hughes
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, Conway Institute, School of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Zhang JJ, Shen Y, Chen XY, Jiang ML, Yuan FH, Xie SL, Zhang J, Xu F. Integrative network-based analysis on multiple Gene Expression Omnibus datasets identifies novel immune molecular markers implicated in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1115890. [PMID: 37008925 PMCID: PMC10061151 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1115890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), an advanced subtype of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), has becoming the most important aetiology for end-stage liver disease, such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. This study were designed to explore novel genes associated with NASH. Methods Here, five independent Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets were combined into a single cohort and analyzed using network biology approaches. Results 11 modules identified by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) showed significant association with the status of NASH. Further characterization of four gene modules of interest demonstrated that molecular pathology of NASH involves the upregulation of hub genes related to immune response, cholesterol and lipid metabolic process, extracellular matrix organization, and the downregulation of hub genes related to cellular amino acid catabolic, respectively. After DEGs enrichment analysis and module preservation analysis, the Turquoise module associated with immune response displayed a remarkably correlation with NASH status. Hub genes with high degree of connectivity in the module, including CD53, LCP1, LAPTM5, NCKAP1L, C3AR1, PLEK, FCER1G, HLA-DRA and SRGN were further verified in clinical samples and mouse model of NASH. Moreover, single-cell RNA-seq analysis showed that those key genes were expressed by distinct immune cells such as microphages, natural killer, dendritic, T and B cells. Finally, the potential transcription factors of Turquoise module were characterized, including NFKB1, STAT3, RFX5, ILF3, ELF1, SPI1, ETS1 and CEBPA, the expression of which increased with NASH progression. Discussion In conclusion, our integrative analysis will contribute to the understanding of NASH and may enable the development of potential biomarkers for NASH therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-jie Zhang
- Center for Molecular Pathology, Department of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yan Shen
- Department of Publication Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiao-yuan Chen
- Department of Publication Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Man-lei Jiang
- Department of Hepatology, The Affiliated Fifth People’s Hospital of Ganzhou, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Feng-hua Yuan
- Center for Molecular Pathology, Department of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Shui-lian Xie
- Center for Molecular Pathology, Department of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Hepatology, The Affiliated Fifth People’s Hospital of Ganzhou, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Hepatology, The Affiliated Fifth People’s Hospital of Ganzhou, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
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Zhang XL, Chen L, Yang J, Zhao SS, Jin S, Ao N, Yang J, Liu HX, Du J. Vitamin D alleviates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease via restoring gut microbiota and metabolism. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1117644. [PMID: 36819064 PMCID: PMC9932697 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1117644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a severe public health problem. Dysbiosis of gut microbiome has been identified as one of the key environmental factors contributing to NAFLD. As an essential nutrition, Vitamin D (VD) plays an important role in regulating gut microbiota based on its receptor (Vitamin D Receptor, VDR) which is highly expressed in the gastrointestinal tract. Methods Rats were fed with HFD (high-fat diet) for 12 weeks. And the rats were treated with VD two times a week by intraperitoneal injection for 12 weeks. H&E staining combined with plasma biochemical index was performed to characterize pathological changes and function of the liver. Fecal microbiota 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolomics were taken to reveal the altered gut microbiota and metabolites. Result The VD alleviates the HFD-induced lipid accumulation in the liver as well as decreases the levels of amlodipine besylate (ALT) and amlodipine aspartate (AST). VD supplement decreased the ratio of phylum Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) but increased alpha diversity. In addition, the VD treatment improved the HFD-induced gut microbiota by increasing the Prevotella and Porphyromonadaceae and decreasing Mucispirillum, Acetatifactor, Desulfovibrio, and Oscillospira abundance. Furthermore, the capability of tyrosine metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, and sphingolipid metabolism was enhanced after VD treatment. Consistently, Prevotella positively correlated with tryptophan metabolism and sphingolipid metabolism. Importantly, the Prevotella abundance was positively associated with serotonin, melatonin, tryptamine, L-arginine, and 3-dehydrosphinganine which synthesize from tryptophan, tyrosine, arginosuccinate, and serine, respectively. Conclusion VD treatment inhibited HFD-induced NAFLD accompany by dysbiosis gut microbiota and metabolites, suggesting that VD supplement could be a potential intervention used for NAFLD treatment by targeting the specific microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,Institute of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiang Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shan-Shan Zhao
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,Institute of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shi Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Na Ao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,Institute of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Hui-Xin Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,Institute of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,*Correspondence: Hui-Xin Liu,
| | - Jian Du
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,Jian Du,
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Ying X, Rongjiong Z, Kahaer M, Chunhui J, Wulasihan M. Therapeutic efficacy of liraglutide versus metformin in modulating the gut microbiota for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1088187. [PMID: 36778868 PMCID: PMC9909237 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1088187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin and liraglutide are used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) complicated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Although these drugs can alter the intestinal microbiome, clinical data are required to explore their mechanisms of action. Using 16S sequencing technology, we analyzed and compared the intestinal bacterial community structure and function between patients before and after treatment (12 weeks) with the two drugs (metformin or liraglutide, n = 15) and healthy controls (n = 15). Moreover, combined with 19 clinical indices, the potential therapeutic mechanisms of the two drugs were compared. The studied clinical indices included those associated with islet β-cell function (FPG, FINS, HbA1c, and HOMA-IR), inflammation (TNF-α, IL-6, and APN), lipid metabolism (TC, TG, and LDL-C), and liver function (ALT, AST, and GGT); the values of all indices changed significantly after treatment (p < 0.01). In addition, the effect of the two drugs on the intestinal bacterial community varied. Liraglutide treatment significantly increased the diversity and richness of the intestinal bacterial community (p < 0.05); it significantly increased the relative abundances of Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Bacilli, whereas metformin treatment significantly increased the relative abundance of Fusobacteria and Actinobacteria (p < 0.05). Metformin treatment increased the complexity and stability of the intestinal bacterial network. However, liraglutide treatment had a weaker effect on the intestinal bacterial network, and the network after treatment was similar to that in healthy controls. Correlation matrix analysis between dominant genera and clinical indicators showed that the correlation between the bacterial community and islet β-cell function was stronger after liraglutide treatment, whereas the correlation between the bacterial community and inflammation-related factors was stronger after metformin treatment. Functional prediction showed that liraglutide could significantly affect the abundance of functional genes related to T2DM and NAFLD (p < 0.05), but the effect of metformin was not significant. This study is the first to report the changes in the intestinal bacterial community in patients treated with metformin or liraglutide and the differences between the mechanisms of action of metformin and liraglutide. Metformin or liraglutide has a therapeutic value in T2DM complicated with NAFLD, with liraglutide having a weaker effect on the intestinal bacterial community but a better therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Ying
- Department of Comprehensive Internal Medicine Department 4, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Zheng Rongjiong
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Mayila Kahaer
- Department of Comprehensive Internal Medicine Department 4, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jiang Chunhui
- Department of Comprehensive Internal Medicine Department 4, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Muhuyati Wulasihan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China,*Correspondence: Muhuyati Wulasihan, ✉
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Zhu LR, Li SS, Zheng WQ, Ni WJ, Cai M, Liu HP. Targeted modulation of gut microbiota by traditional Chinese medicine and natural products for liver disease therapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1086078. [PMID: 36817459 PMCID: PMC9933143 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1086078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota not only constitutes intestinal microenvironment homeostasis and human health but also exerts indispensable roles in the occurrence and progression of multiple liver diseases, including alcohol-related liver disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, autoimmune liver disease and liver cancer. Given the therapeutic status of these diseases, their prevention and early therapy are crucial, and the detailed mechanism of gut microbiota in liver disease urgently needs to be explored. Meanwhile, multiple studies have shown that various traditional Chinese medicines, such as Si Miao Formula, Jiangzhi Granules, Liushen Capsules, Chaihu-Shugan Power, Cassiae Semen and Gynostemma, as well as some natural products, including Costunolide, Coprinus comatus polysaccharide, Antarctic krill oil, Oridonin and Berberine, can repair liver injury, improve fatty liver, regulate liver immunity, and even inhibit liver cancer through multiple targets, links, and pathways. Intriguingly, the aforementioned effects demonstrated by these traditional Chinese medicines and natural products have been shown to be closely related to the gut microbiota, directly driving the strategy of traditional Chinese medicines and natural products to regulate the gut microbiota as one of the breakthroughs in the treatment of liver diseases. Based on this, this review comprehensively summarizes and discusses the characteristics, functions and potential mechanisms of these medicines targeting gut microbiota during liver disease treatment. Research on the potential effects on gut microbiota and the regulatory mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine and natural products provides novel insights and significant references for developing liver disease treatment strategies. In parallel, such explorations will enhance the comprehension of traditional Chinese medicine and natural products modulating gut microbiota during disease treatment, thus facilitating their clinical investigation and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ran Zhu
- Anhui Institute of Pediatric Research, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shan-Shan Li
- Department of Scientific Research and Education, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wan-Qun Zheng
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wei-Jian Ni
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui Provincial Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ming Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Acupuncture and Moxibustion Clinical Medicine Research Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hai-Peng Liu
- Anhui Institute of Pediatric Research, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Ganda E, Chakrabarti A, Sardi MI, Tench M, Kozlowicz BK, Norton SA, Warren LK, Khafipour E. Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product improves robustness of equine gut microbiome upon stress. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1134092. [PMID: 36908513 PMCID: PMC9998945 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1134092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Nutritional and environmental stressors can disturb the gut microbiome of horses which may ultimately decrease their health and performance. We hypothesized that supplementation with a yeast-derived postbiotic (Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product-SCFP) would benefit horses undergoing an established model of stress due to prolonged transportation. Methods Quarter horses (n = 20) were blocked based on sex, age (22 ± 3 mo) and body weight (439 ± 3 kg) and randomized to receive either a basal diet of 60% hay and 40% concentrate (CON) or the basal diet supplemented with 21 g/d Diamond V TruEquine C (SCFP; Diamond V, Cedar Rapids, IA) for 60 days. On day 57, horses were tethered with their heads elevated 35cm above wither height for 12 h to induce mild upper respiratory tract inflammation. Fecal samples were collected at days 0, 28, and 56 before induction of stress, and at 0, 12, 24, and 72 h post-stress and subjected to DNA extraction and Nanopore shotgun metagenomics. Within sample (alpha) diversity was evaluated by fitting a linear model and between sample (beta) diversity was tested with permutational ANOVA. Results The SCFP stabilized alpha diversity across all time points, whereas CON horses had more fluctuation (P < 0.05) at 12, 24, and 72 h post-challenge compared to d 56. A significant difference between CON and SCFP was observed at 0 and 12 h. There was no difference in beta-diversity between SCFP and CON on d 56. Discussion Taken together, these observations led us to conclude that treatment with SCFP resulted in more robust and stable microbial profiles in horses after stress challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Ganda
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.,Microbiome Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | | | - Maria I Sardi
- Cargill Biotechnology R&D, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Melissa Tench
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | | | | | - Lori K Warren
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Tang Y, Chen B, Huang X, He X, Yi J, Zhao H, Tian F, Liu Y, Liu B. Fu brick tea alleviates high fat induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by remodeling the gut microbiota and liver metabolism. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1062323. [PMID: 36618677 PMCID: PMC9815510 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1062323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fu brick tea (FBT) and its extracts have good lipid-lowering effects and have been used in the treatment of obesity in previous studies. Unfortunately, the therapeutic effect of FBT on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has not been thoroughly studied. In this study, we explored the mechanism by which FBT alleviates NAFLD from the perspective of the gut microbiota and liver metabolites. The results showed that FBT could reduce the body weight, liver weight and abdominal fat of NAFLD mice, and improve liver pathological morphology, liver lipid deposition, blood lipids and liver function. Moreover, FBT improved the diversity of the gut microbiota and changed the profile of liver metabolism in NAFLD mice. Further studies showed that FBT could ameliorate the cecum barrier, and regulate the effects of factors related to lipid synthesis in the cecum and liver of NAFLD mice. In conclusion, the present study confirmed that FBT can alleviate high fat induced NAFLD by regulating the homeostasis of the gut microbiota and liver metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Tang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Yiyang Medical College, Yiyang, China
| | - Bowei Chen
- The First Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Research and Translation on Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases in Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Yiyang Medical College, Yiyang, China
| | - Xu He
- Department of Basic Medicine, Yiyang Medical College, Yiyang, China
| | - Jian Yi
- The First Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Research and Translation on Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases in Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Basic Medicine, Yiyang Medical College, Yiyang, China
| | - Fengming Tian
- The First Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Research and Translation on Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases in Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yingfei Liu
- The First Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Research and Translation on Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases in Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Baiyan Liu
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
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Fang J, Yu CH, Li XJ, Yao JM, Fang ZY, Yoon SH, Yu WY. Gut dysbiosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapeutic implications. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:997018. [PMID: 36425787 PMCID: PMC9679376 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.997018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing recently and has become one of the most common clinical liver diseases. Since the pathogenesis of NAFLD has not been completely elucidated, few effective therapeutic drugs are available. As the "second genome" of human body, gut microbiota plays an important role in the digestion, absorption and metabolism of food and drugs. Gut microbiota can act as an important driver to advance the occurrence and development of NAFLD, and to accelerate its progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Growing evidence has demonstrated that gut microbiota and its metabolites directly affect intestinal morphology and immune response, resulting in the abnormal activation of inflammation and intestinal endotoxemia; gut dysbiosis also causes dysfunction of gut-liver axis via alteration of bile acid metabolism pathway. Because of its composition diversity and disease-specific expression characteristics, gut microbiota holds strong promise as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for NAFLD. Intervening intestinal microbiota, such as antibiotic/probiotic treatment and fecal transplantation, has been a novel strategy for preventing and treating NAFLD. In this article, we have reviewed the emerging functions and association of gut bacterial components in different stages of NAFLD progression and discussed its potential implications in NAFLD diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Fang
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Experimental Animal’s & Nonclinical Laboratory Studies, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chen-Huan Yu
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xue-Jian Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Experimental Animal’s & Nonclinical Laboratory Studies, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jin-Mei Yao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zheng-Yu Fang
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Experimental Animal’s & Nonclinical Laboratory Studies, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Soo-Hyun Yoon
- Institute of Medical Science, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Wen-Ying Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Experimental Animal’s & Nonclinical Laboratory Studies, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Liu J, Wu A, Cai J, She ZG, Li H. The contribution of the gut-liver axis to the immune signaling pathway of NAFLD. Front Immunol 2022; 13:968799. [PMID: 36119048 PMCID: PMC9471422 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.968799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the liver manifestation of metabolic syndrome and is the most common chronic liver disease in the world. The pathogenesis of NAFLD has not been fully clarified; it involves metabolic disturbances, inflammation, oxidative stress, and various forms of cell death. The “intestinal-liver axis” theory, developed in recent years, holds that there is a certain relationship between liver disease and the intestinal tract, and changes in intestinal flora are closely involved in the development of NAFLD. Many studies have found that the intestinal flora regulates the pathogenesis of NAFLD by affecting energy metabolism, inducing endotoxemia, producing endogenous ethanol, and regulating bile acid and choline metabolism. In this review, we highlighted the updated discoveries in intestinal flora dysregulation and their link to the pathogenesis mechanism of NAFLD and summarized potential treatments of NAFLD related to the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Anding Wu
- Department of general surgery, Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang, China
- Huanggang Institute of Translation Medicine, Huanggang, China
| | - Jingjing Cai
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi-Gang She
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhi-Gang She, ; Hongliang Li,
| | - Hongliang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhi-Gang She, ; Hongliang Li,
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Yang F, Zhou L, Shen Y, Zhao S, Zheng Y, Men R, Fan X, Yang L. Metabolic heterogeneity caused by HLA-DRB1*04:05 and protective effect of inosine on autoimmune hepatitis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:982186. [PMID: 35990653 PMCID: PMC9389112 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.982186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is an autoimmune disease caused by disruption of liver immune homeostasis. Genetic studies have revealed the predisposition of AIH with the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region. Recently, metabolomics integrated with genomics has identified many genetic loci of biomedical interest. However, there is no related report in AIH. In the present study, we found that HLA-DRB1*04:05 was linked to the clinical features and prognosis of AIH in Chinese patients. Furthermore, our patients were divided into DRB1*04:05 positive and DRB1*04:05 negative groups and the metabolic profiling was done by HPLC/MS. We chose inosine, one of the highly altered metabolites, to explore the effect on an acute severe hepatitis murine model. The results showed that inosine treatment attenuated hepatocyte apoptosis, enhanced antioxidant ability and inhibited the activation and glycolysis of CD4+ T cell. We propose that inosine participates in the regulation of AIH through its protective effect on hepatocytes and inhibition of overactivated immune cells, which might provide a potential novel approach in treating acute form of AIH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Li Yang
- *Correspondence: Li Yang, ; Xiaoli Fan,
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