1
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Spruit CM, Palme DI, Li T, Ríos Carrasco M, Gabarroca García A, Sweet IR, Kuryshko M, Maliepaard JCL, Reiding KR, Scheibner D, Boons GJ, Abdelwhab EM, de Vries RP. Complex N-glycans are important for interspecies transmission of H7 influenza A viruses. J Virol 2024; 98:e0194123. [PMID: 38470143 PMCID: PMC11019957 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01941-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) can overcome species barriers by adaptation of the receptor-binding site of the hemagglutinin (HA). To initiate infection, HAs bind to glycan receptors with terminal sialic acids, which are either N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc) or N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc); the latter is mainly found in horses and pigs but not in birds and humans. We investigated the influence of previously identified equine NeuGc-adapting mutations (S128T, I130V, A135E, T189A, and K193R) in avian H7 IAVs in vitro and in vivo. We observed that these mutations negatively affected viral replication in chicken cells but not in duck cells and positively affected replication in horse cells. In vivo, the mutations reduced virus virulence and mortality in chickens. Ducks excreted high viral loads longer than chickens, although they appeared clinically healthy. To elucidate why these viruses infected chickens and ducks despite the absence of NeuGc, we re-evaluated the receptor binding of H7 HAs using glycan microarray and flow cytometry studies. This re-evaluation demonstrated that mutated avian H7 HAs also bound to α2,3-linked NeuAc and sialyl-LewisX, which have an additional fucose moiety in their terminal epitope, explaining why infection of ducks and chickens was possible. Interestingly, the α2,3-linked NeuAc and sialyl-LewisX epitopes were only bound when presented on tri-antennary N-glycans, emphasizing the importance of investigating the fine receptor specificities of IAVs. In conclusion, the binding of NeuGc-adapted H7 IAV to tri-antennary N-glycans enables viral replication and shedding by chickens and ducks, potentially facilitating interspecies transmission of equine-adapted H7 IAVs.IMPORTANCEInfluenza A viruses (IAVs) cause millions of deaths and illnesses in birds and mammals each year. The viral surface protein hemagglutinin initiates infection by binding to host cell terminal sialic acids. Hemagglutinin adaptations affect the binding affinity to these sialic acids and the potential host species targeted. While avian and human IAVs tend to bind to N-acetylneuraminic acid (sialic acid), equine H7 viruses prefer binding to N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc). To better understand the function of NeuGc-specific adaptations in hemagglutinin and to elucidate interspecies transmission potential NeuGc-adapted viruses, we evaluated the effects of NeuGc-specific mutations in avian H7 viruses in chickens and ducks, important economic hosts and reservoir birds, respectively. We also examined the impact on viral replication and found a binding affinity to tri-antennary N-glycans containing different terminal epitopes. These findings are significant as they contribute to the understanding of the role of receptor binding in avian influenza infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy M. Spruit
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Diana I. Palme
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Tiehai Li
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - María Ríos Carrasco
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alba Gabarroca García
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Igor R. Sweet
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maryna Kuryshko
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Joshua C. L. Maliepaard
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Karli R. Reiding
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - David Scheibner
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Elsayed M. Abdelwhab
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Robert P. de Vries
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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2
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Nilsson J, Eriksson P, Naguib MM, Jax E, Sihlbom C, Olsson BM, Lundkvist Å, Olsen B, Järhult JD, Larson G, Ellström P. Expression of influenza A virus glycan receptor candidates in mallard, chicken, and tufted duck. Glycobiology 2024; 34:cwad098. [PMID: 38127648 PMCID: PMC10987293 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwad098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) pandemics result from interspecies transmission events within the avian reservoir and further into mammals including humans. Receptor incompatibility due to differently expressed glycan structures between species has been suggested to limit zoonotic IAV transmission from the wild bird reservoir as well as between different bird species. Using glycoproteomics, we have studied the repertoires of expressed glycan structures with focus on putative sialic acid-containing glycan receptors for IAV in mallard, chicken and tufted duck; three bird species with different roles in the zoonotic ecology of IAV. The methodology used pinpoints specific glycan structures to specific glycosylation sites of identified glycoproteins and was also used to successfully discriminate α2-3- from α2-6-linked terminal sialic acids by careful analysis of oxonium ions released from glycopeptides in tandem MS/MS (MS2), and MS/MS/MS (MS3). Our analysis clearly demonstrated that all three bird species can produce complex N-glycans including α2-3-linked sialyl Lewis structures, as well as both N- and O- glycans terminated with both α2-3- and α2-6-linked Neu5Ac. We also found the recently identified putative IAV receptor structures, Man-6P N-glycopeptides, in all tissues of the three bird species. Furthermore, we found many similarities in the repertoires of expressed receptors both between the bird species investigated and to previously published data from pigs and humans. Our findings of sialylated glycan structures, previously anticipated to be mammalian specific, in all three bird species may have major implications for our understanding of the role of receptor incompatibility in interspecies transmission of IAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Nilsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Vita Stråket 12, Gothenburg SE-413 45, Sweden
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Bruna Stråket 16, Gothenburg SE-413 45, Sweden
- Proteomics Core Facility, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, Medicinaregatan 9E, Gothenburg SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - Per Eriksson
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Sciences, Husargatan 3, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE-75185, Sweden
| | - Mahmoud M Naguib
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Husargatan 3, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE-75237, Sweden
| | - Elinor Jax
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Am Obstberg 1, Radolfzell, Baden-Württemberg DE-78315, Germany
| | - Carina Sihlbom
- Proteomics Core Facility, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, Medicinaregatan 9E, Gothenburg SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - Britt-Marie Olsson
- Proteomics Core Facility, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, Medicinaregatan 9E, Gothenburg SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - Åke Lundkvist
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Husargatan 3, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE-75237, Sweden
| | - Björn Olsen
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Sciences, Husargatan 3, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE-75185, Sweden
| | - Josef D Järhult
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Sciences, Husargatan 3, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE-75185, Sweden
| | - Göran Larson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Vita Stråket 12, Gothenburg SE-413 45, Sweden
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Bruna Stråket 16, Gothenburg SE-413 45, Sweden
| | - Patrik Ellström
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Sciences, Husargatan 3, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE-75185, Sweden
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3
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Tomris I, van der Woude R, de Paiva Froes Rocha R, Torrents de la Peña A, Ward AB, de Vries RP. Viral envelope proteins fused to multiple distinct fluorescent reporters to probe receptor binding. Protein Sci 2024; 33:e4974. [PMID: 38533540 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Enveloped viruses carry one or multiple proteins with receptor-binding functionalities. Functional receptors can be glycans, proteinaceous, or both; therefore, recombinant protein approaches are instrumental in attaining new insights regarding viral envelope protein receptor-binding properties. Visualizing and measuring receptor binding typically entails antibody detection or direct labeling, whereas direct fluorescent fusions are attractive tools in molecular biology. Here, we report a suite of distinct fluorescent fusions, both N- and C-terminal, for influenza A virus hemagglutinins and SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD. The proteins contained three or six fluorescent protein barrels and were applied directly to cells to assess receptor binding properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilhan Tomris
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Roosmarijn van der Woude
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Rebeca de Paiva Froes Rocha
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Alba Torrents de la Peña
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Andrew B Ward
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Robert P de Vries
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
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4
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Ma S, Liu L, Eggink D, Herfst S, Fouchier RAM, de Vries RP, Boons GJ. Asymmetrical Biantennary Glycans Prepared by a Stop-and-Go Strategy Reveal Receptor Binding Evolution of Human Influenza A Viruses. JACS AU 2024; 4:607-618. [PMID: 38425896 PMCID: PMC10900492 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Glycan binding properties of respiratory viruses have been difficult to probe due to a lack of biologically relevant glycans for binding studies. Here, a stop-and-go chemoenzymatic methodology is presented that gave access to a panel of 32 asymmetrical biantennary N-glycans having various numbers of N-acetyl lactosamine (LacNAc) repeating units capped by α2,3- or α2,6-sialosides resembling structures found in airway tissues. It exploits that the branching enzymes MGAT1 and MGAT2 can utilize unnatural UDP-2-deoxy-2-trifluoro-N-acetamido-glucose (UDP-GlcNTFA) as donor. The TFA moiety of the resulting glycans can be hydrolyzed to give GlcNH2 at one of the antennae, which temporarily blocks extension by glycosyl transferases. The N-glycans were printed as a microarray that was probed for receptor binding specificities of the evolutionary distinct human A(H3N2) and A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses. It was found that not only the sialoside type but also the length of the LacNAc chain and presentation at the α1,3-antenna of N-glycans are critical for binding. Early A(H3N2) viruses bound to 2,6-sialosides at a single LacNAc moiety at the α1,3-antenna whereas later viruses required the sialoside to be presented at a tri-LacNAc moiety. Surprisingly, most of the A(H3N2) viruses that appeared after 2021 regained binding capacity to sialosides presented at a di-LacNAc moiety. As a result, these viruses again agglutinate erythrocytes, commonly employed for antigenic characterization of influenza viruses. Human A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses have similar receptor binding properties as recent A(H3N2) viruses. The data indicate that an asymmetric N-glycan having 2,6-sialoside at a di-LacNAc moiety is a commonly employed receptor by human influenza A viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengzhou Ma
- Complex
Carbohydrate Research Center, University
of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Lin Liu
- Complex
Carbohydrate Research Center, University
of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Dirk Eggink
- Amsterdam
UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department
of Medical Microbiology and Infection prevention, Laboratory of Applied
Evolutionary Biology, 1105
AZ Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
- Center
for Infectious Disease Control, National
Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Herfst
- Department
of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical
Center, 3015 CD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ron A. M. Fouchier
- Department
of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical
Center, 3015 CD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert P. de Vries
- Department
of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Complex
Carbohydrate Research Center, University
of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department
of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Bijvoet
Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht
University, Padualaan
8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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5
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Liang CY, Huang I, Han J, Sownthirarajan B, Kulhankova K, Murray NB, Taherzadeh M, Archer-Hartmann S, Pepi L, Manivasagam S, Plung J, Sturtz M, Yu Y, Vogel OA, Kandasamy M, Gourronc FA, Klingelhutz AJ, Choudhury B, Rong L, Perez JT, Azadi P, McCray PB, Neelamegham S, Manicassamy B. Avian influenza A viruses exhibit plasticity in sialylglycoconjugate receptor usage in human lung cells. J Virol 2023; 97:e0090623. [PMID: 37843369 PMCID: PMC10688379 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00906-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE It is well known that influenza A viruses (IAV) initiate host cell infection by binding to sialic acid, a sugar molecule present at the ends of various sugar chains called glycoconjugates. These sugar chains can vary in chain length, structure, and composition. However, it remains unknown if IAV strains preferentially bind to sialic acid on specific glycoconjugate type(s) for host cell infection. Here, we utilized CRISPR gene editing to abolish sialic acid on different glycoconjugate types in human lung cells, and evaluated human versus avian IAV infections. Our studies show that both human and avian IAV strains can infect human lung cells by utilizing any of the three major sialic acid-containing glycoconjugate types, specifically N-glycans, O-glycans, and glycolipids. Interestingly, simultaneous elimination of sialic acid on all three major glycoconjugate types in human lung cells dramatically decreased human IAV infection, yet had little effect on avian IAV infection. These studies show that avian IAV strains effectively utilize other less prevalent glycoconjugates for infection, whereas human IAV strains rely on a limited repertoire of glycoconjugate types. The remarkable ability of avian IAV strains to utilize diverse glycoconjugate types may allow for easy transmission into new host species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Yu Liang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, lowa, USA
| | - Iris Huang
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Julianna Han
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | - Nathan B. Murray
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Mehrnoush Taherzadeh
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Lauren Pepi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Jesse Plung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, lowa, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Miranda Sturtz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, lowa, USA
| | - Yolanda Yu
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Olivia A. Vogel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, lowa, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | | | - Biswa Choudhury
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Lijun Rong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jasmine T. Perez
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Paul B. McCray
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, lowa, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, lowa, USA
| | - Sriram Neelamegham
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Balaji Manicassamy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, lowa, USA
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6
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Ma S, Liu L, Eggink D, Herfst S, Fouchier RAM, de Vries RP, Boons GJ. Asymmetrical Bi-antennary Glycans Prepared by a Stop-and-Go Strategy Reveal Receptor Binding Evolution of Human Influenza A Viruses. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.08.566285. [PMID: 37986780 PMCID: PMC10659364 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.08.566285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Glycan binding properties of respiratory viruses have been difficult to probe due to a lack of biological relevant glycans for binding studies. Here, a stop-and-go chemoenzymatic methodology is presented that gave access to a panel of 32 asymmetrical bi-antennary N-glycans having various numbers of N-acetyl lactosamine (LacNAc) repeating units capped by α2,3- or α2,6-sialosides resembling structures found in airway tissues. It exploits that the branching enzymes MGAT1 and MGAT2 can utilize unnatural UDP-2-deoxy-2-trifluoro-N-acetamido-glucose (UDP-GlcNTFA) as donor. The TFA moiety of the resulting glycans can be hydrolyzed to give GlcNH2 at one of the antennae that temporarily blocks extension by glycosyl transferases. The N-glycans were printed as a microarray that was probed for receptor binding specificities of evolutionary distinct human A(H3N2) and A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses. It was found that not only the sialoside type but also the length of the LacNAc chain and presentation at the α1,3-antenna of N-glycans is critical for binding. Early A(H3N2) viruses bound to 2,6-sialosides at a single LacNAc moiety at the α1,3-antenna whereas later viruses required the sialoside to be presented at a tri-LacNAc moiety. Surprisingly, most of the A(H3N2) viruses that appeared after 2021 regained binding capacity to sialosides presented at a di-LacNAc moiety. As a result, these viruses agglutinate erythrocytes again, commonly employed for antigenic characterization of influenza viruses. Human A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses have similar receptor binding properties as recent A(H3N2) viruses. The data indicates that an asymmetric N-glycan having 2,6-sialoside at a di-LacNAc moiety is a commonly employed receptor by human influenza A viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengzhou Ma
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Lin Liu
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Dirk Eggink
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection prevention, Laboratory of Applied Evolutionary Biology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Herfst
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ron A M Fouchier
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert P de Vries
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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7
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Spruit CM, Sweet IR, Maliepaard JCL, Bestebroer T, Lexmond P, Qiu B, Damen MJA, Fouchier RAM, Reiding KR, Snijder J, Herfst S, Boons GJ, de Vries RP. Contemporary human H3N2 influenza A viruses require a low threshold of suitable glycan receptors for efficient infection. Glycobiology 2023; 33:784-800. [PMID: 37471650 PMCID: PMC10629718 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwad060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent human H3N2 influenza A viruses have evolved to employ elongated glycans terminating in α2,6-linked sialic acid as their receptors. These glycans are displayed in low abundancies by (humanized) Madin-Darby Canine Kidney cells, which are commonly employed to propagate influenza A virus, resulting in low or no viral propagation. Here, we examined whether the overexpression of the glycosyltransferases β-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase and β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1, which are responsible for the elongation of poly-N-acetyllactosamines (LacNAcs), would result in improved A/H3N2 propagation. Stable overexpression of β-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase and β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney and "humanized" Madin-Darby Canine Kidney cells was achieved by lentiviral integration and subsequent antibiotic selection and confirmed by qPCR and protein mass spectrometry experiments. Flow cytometry and glycan mass spectrometry experiments using the β-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase and/or β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 knock-in cells demonstrated increased binding of viral hemagglutinins and the presence of a larger number of LacNAc repeating units, especially on "humanized" Madin-Darby Canine Kidney-β-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase cells. An increase in the number of glycan receptors did, however, not result in a greater infection efficiency of recent human H3N2 viruses. Based on these results, we propose that H3N2 influenza A viruses require a low number of suitable glycan receptors to infect cells and that an increase in the glycan receptor display above this threshold does not result in improved infection efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy M Spruit
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Igor R Sweet
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joshua C L Maliepaard
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Theo Bestebroer
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pascal Lexmond
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Boning Qiu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam J A Damen
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ron A M Fouchier
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karli R Reiding
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Snijder
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Herfst
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Rd, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Robert P de Vries
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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8
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Kikuchi C, Antonopoulos A, Wang S, Maemura T, Karamanska R, Lee C, Thompson AJ, Dell A, Kawaoka Y, Haslam SM, Paulson JC. Glyco-engineered MDCK cells display preferred receptors of H3N2 influenza absent in eggs used for vaccines. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6178. [PMID: 37794004 PMCID: PMC10551000 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41908-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Evolution of human H3N2 influenza viruses driven by immune selection has narrowed the receptor specificity of the hemagglutinin (HA) to a restricted subset of human-type (Neu5Acα2-6 Gal) glycan receptors that have extended poly-LacNAc (Galβ1-4GlcNAc) repeats. This altered specificity has presented challenges for hemagglutination assays, growth in laboratory hosts, and vaccine production in eggs. To assess the impact of extended glycan receptors on virus binding, infection, and growth, we have engineered N-glycan extended (NExt) cell lines by overexpressing β3-Ν-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2 in MDCK, SIAT, and hCK cell lines. Of these, SIAT-NExt cells exhibit markedly increased binding of H3 HAs and susceptibility to infection by recent H3N2 virus strains, but without impacting final virus titers. Glycome analysis of these cell lines and allantoic and amniotic egg membranes provide insights into the importance of extended glycan receptors for growth of recent H3N2 viruses and relevance to their production for cell- and egg-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chika Kikuchi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Shengyang Wang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tadashi Maemura
- Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Rositsa Karamanska
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Chiara Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Andrew J Thompson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anne Dell
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- The Research Center for Global Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- Pandemic Preparedness, Infection and Advanced Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Stuart M Haslam
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - James C Paulson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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9
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Swanson NJ, Marinho P, Dziedzic A, Jedlicka A, Liu H, Fenstermacher K, Rothman R, Pekosz A. 2019-2020 H1N1 clade A5a.1 viruses have better in vitro fitness compared with the co-circulating A5a.2 clade. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10223. [PMID: 37353648 PMCID: PMC10290074 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37122-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Surveillance for emerging human influenza virus clades is important for identifying changes in viral fitness and assessing antigenic similarity to vaccine strains. While fitness and antigenic structure are both important aspects of virus success, they are distinct characteristics and do not always change in a complementary manner. The 2019-2020 Northern Hemisphere influenza season saw the emergence of two H1N1 clades: A5a.1 and A5a.2. While several studies indicated that A5a.2 showed similar or even increased antigenic drift compared with A5a.1, the A5a.1 clade was still the predominant circulating clade that season. Clinical isolates of representative viruses from these clades were collected in Baltimore, Maryland during the 2019-2020 season and multiple assays were performed to compare both antigenic drift and viral fitness between clades. Neutralization assays performed on serum from healthcare workers pre- and post-vaccination during the 2019-2020 season show a comparable drop in neutralizing titers against both A5a.1 and A5a.2 viruses compared with the vaccine strain, indicating that A5a.1 did not have antigenic advantages over A5a.2 that would explain its predominance in this population. Plaque assays were performed to investigate fitness differences, and the A5a.2 virus produced significantly smaller plaques compared with viruses from A5a.1 or the parental A5a clade. To assess viral replication, low MOI growth curves were performed on both MDCK-SIAT and primary differentiated human nasal epithelial cell cultures. In both cell cultures, A5a.2 yielded significantly reduced viral titers at multiple timepoints post-infection compared with A5a.1 or A5a. Receptor binding was then investigated through glycan array experiments which showed a reduction in receptor binding diversity for A5a.2, with fewer glycans bound and a higher percentage of total binding attributable to the top three highest bound glycans. Together these data indicate that the A5a.2 clade had a reduction in viral fitness, including reductions in receptor binding, that may have contributed to the limited prevalence observed after emergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Swanson
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, rm W2116, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Paula Marinho
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, rm W2116, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Amanda Dziedzic
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, rm W2116, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Anne Jedlicka
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, rm W2116, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Hsuan Liu
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, rm W2116, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Katherine Fenstermacher
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard Rothman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew Pekosz
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, rm W2116, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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10
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Lee CY, Raghunathan V, Caceres C, Geiger G, Seibert B, Cargnin Faccin F, Gay L, Ferreri L, Kaul D, Wrammert J, Tan G, Perez D, Lowen A. Epistasis reduces fitness costs of influenza A virus escape from stem-binding antibodies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2208718120. [PMID: 37068231 PMCID: PMC10151473 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2208718120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The hemagglutinin (HA) stem region is a major target of universal influenza vaccine efforts owing to the presence of highly conserved epitopes across multiple influenza A virus (IAV) strains and subtypes. To explore the potential impact of vaccine-induced immunity targeting the HA stem, we examined the fitness effects of viral escape from stem-binding broadly neutralizing antibodies (stem-bnAbs). Recombinant viruses containing each individual antibody escape substitution showed diminished replication compared to wild-type virus, indicating that stem-bnAb escape incurred fitness costs. A second-site mutation in the HA head domain (N129D; H1 numbering) reduced the fitness effects observed in primary cell cultures and likely enabled the selection of escape mutations. Functionally, this putative permissive mutation increased HA avidity for its receptor. These results suggest a mechanism of epistasis in IAV, wherein modulating the efficiency of attachment eases evolutionary constraints imposed by the requirement for membrane fusion. Taken together, the data indicate that viral escape from stem-bnAbs is costly but highlights the potential for epistatic interactions to enable evolution within the functionally constrained HA stem domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Young Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, The Republic of Korea
| | - Vedhika Raghunathan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - C. Joaquin Caceres
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Ginger Geiger
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Brittany Seibert
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Flavio Cargnin Faccin
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - L. Claire Gay
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Lucas M. Ferreri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | | | - Jens Wrammert
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Gene S. Tan
- J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Daniel R. Perez
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Anice C. Lowen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
- Emory-University of Georgia Center of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance, Atlanta, GA 30322
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11
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Canales A, Sastre J, Orduña JM, Spruit CM, Pérez-Castells J, Domínguez G, Bouwman KM, van der Woude R, Cañada FJ, Nycholat CM, Paulson JC, Boons GJ, Jiménez-Barbero J, de Vries RP. Revealing the Specificity of Human H1 Influenza A Viruses to Complex N-Glycans. JACS AU 2023; 3:868-878. [PMID: 37006776 PMCID: PMC10052259 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Influenza virus infection remains a threat to human health since viral hemagglutinins are constantly drifting, escaping infection and vaccine-induced antibody responses. Viral hemagglutinins from different viruses display variability in glycan recognition. In this context, recent H3N2 viruses have specificity for α2,6 sialylated branched N-glycans with at least three N-acetyllactosamine units (tri-LacNAc). In this work, we combined glycan arrays and tissue binding analyses with nuclear magnetic resonance experiments to characterize the glycan specificity of a family of H1 variants, including the one responsible for the 2009 pandemic outbreak. We also analyzed one engineered H6N1 mutant to understand if the preference for tri-LacNAc motifs could be a general trend in human-type receptor-adapted viruses. In addition, we developed a new NMR approach to perform competition experiments between glycans with similar compositions and different lengths. Our results point out that pandemic H1 viruses differ from previous seasonal H1 viruses by a strict preference for a minimum of di-LacNAc structural motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeles Canales
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avd. Complutense s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Javier Sastre
- Centro
de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, C/Ramiro de Maetzu 9, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Jose M. Orduña
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San
Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities Urbanización
Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid 28660, Spain
| | - Cindy M. Spruit
- Department
of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CG, The Netherlands
| | - Javier Pérez-Castells
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San
Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities Urbanización
Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid 28660, Spain
| | - Gema Domínguez
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San
Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities Urbanización
Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid 28660, Spain
| | - Kim M. Bouwman
- Department
of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CG, The Netherlands
| | - Roosmarijn van der Woude
- Department
of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CG, The Netherlands
| | - Francisco Javier Cañada
- Centro
de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, C/Ramiro de Maetzu 9, Madrid 28040, Spain
- Centro
de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Enfermedades Respiratorias
(CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón
11, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Corwin M. Nycholat
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research
Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - James C. Paulson
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research
Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Department
of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CG, The Netherlands
- Complex
Carbohydrate Research Center, University
of Georgia, 315 Riverbend
Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- Centro
de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Enfermedades Respiratorias
(CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón
11, Madrid 28029, Spain
- CIC
bioGUNE, Bizkaia Science and Technology
Park, Bilbao 48160, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48009, Spain
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, II Faculty of Science
and Technology University of the Basque Country, EHU-UPV, Leioa 48940, Spain
| | - Robert P. de Vries
- Department
of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CG, The Netherlands
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12
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2019-2020. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022:e21806. [PMID: 36468275 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This review is the tenth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2020. Also included are papers that describe methods appropriate to analysis by MALDI, such as sample preparation techniques, even though the ionization method is not MALDI. The review is basically divided into three sections: (1) general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation, quantification and the use of arrays. (2) Applications to various structural types such as oligo- and polysaccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides and biopharmaceuticals, and (3) other areas such as medicine, industrial processes and glycan synthesis where MALDI is extensively used. Much of the material relating to applications is presented in tabular form. The reported work shows increasing use of incorporation of new techniques such as ion mobility and the enormous impact that MALDI imaging is having. MALDI, although invented nearly 40 years ago is still an ideal technique for carbohydrate analysis and advancements in the technique and range of applications show little sign of diminishing.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
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13
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Abstract
Through their specific interactions with proteins, cellular glycans play key roles in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. One of the main goals of research in the areas of glycobiology and glycomedicine is to understand glycan-protein interactions at the molecular level. Over the past two decades, glycan microarrays have become powerful tools for the rapid evaluation of interactions between glycans and proteins. In this review, we briefly describe methods used for the preparation of glycan probes and the construction of glycan microarrays. Next, we highlight applications of glycan microarrays to rapid profiling of glycan-binding patterns of plant, animal and pathogenic lectins, as well as other proteins. Finally, we discuss other important uses of glycan microarrays, including the rapid analysis of substrate specificities of carbohydrate-active enzymes, the quantitative determination of glycan-protein interactions, discovering high-affinity or selective ligands for lectins, and identifying functional glycans within cells. We anticipate that this review will encourage researchers to employ glycan microarrays in diverse glycan-related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji Young Hyun
- Department of Drug Discovery, Data Convergence Drug Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea.
| | - Injae Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Byrd-Leotis L, Jia N, Matsumoto Y, Lu D, Kawaoka Y, Steinhauer DA, Cummings RD. Sialylated and sulfated N-Glycans in MDCK and engineered MDCK cells for influenza virus studies. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12757. [PMID: 35882911 PMCID: PMC9325728 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16605-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell line is an in vitro model for influenza A virus (IAV) infection and propagation. MDCK-SIAT1 (SIAT1) and humanized MDCK (hCK) cell lines are engineered MDCK cells that express N-glycans with elevated levels of sialic acid (Sia) in α2,6-linkage (α2,6-Sia) that are recognized by many human IAVs. To characterize the N-glycan structures in these cells and the potential changes compared to the parental MDCK cell line resulting from engineering, we analyzed the N-glycans from these cells at different passages, using both mass spectrometry and specific lectin and antibody binding. We observed significant differences between the three cell lines in overall complex N-glycans and terminal galactose modifications. MDCK cells express core fucosylated, bisected complex-type N-glycans at all passage stages, in addition to expressing α2,6-Sia on short N-glycans and α2,3-Sia on larger N-glycans. By contrast, SIAT1 cells predominantly express α2,6-Sia glycans and greatly reduced level of α2,3-Sia glycans. Additionally, they express bisected, sialylated N-glycans that are scant in MDCK cells. The hCK cells exclusively express α2,6-Sia glycans. Unexpectedly, hCK glycoproteins bound robustly to the plant lectin MAL-1, indicating α2,3-Sia glycans, but such binding was not Sia-dependent and closely mirrored that of an antibody that recognizes glycans with terminal 3-O-sulfate galactose (3-O-SGal). The 3-O-SGal epitope is highly expressed in N-glycans on multiple hCK glycoproteins. These results indicate vastly different N-glycomes between MDCK cells and the engineered clones that could relate to IAV infectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Byrd-Leotis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Surgery and Harvard Medical School Center for Glycoscience, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, CLS 11087 - 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Centers for Excellence in Influenza Research and Surveillance, Emory-UGA CEIRS, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nan Jia
- Department of Surgery and Harvard Medical School Center for Glycoscience, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, CLS 11087 - 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yasuyuki Matsumoto
- Department of Surgery and Harvard Medical School Center for Glycoscience, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, CLS 11087 - 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Dongli Lu
- Department of Surgery and Harvard Medical School Center for Glycoscience, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, CLS 11087 - 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Influenza Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David A Steinhauer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Centers for Excellence in Influenza Research and Surveillance, Emory-UGA CEIRS, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Surgery and Harvard Medical School Center for Glycoscience, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, CLS 11087 - 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Centers for Excellence in Influenza Research and Surveillance, Emory-UGA CEIRS, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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15
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Influenza Virus Infections in Polarized Cells. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061307. [PMID: 35746778 PMCID: PMC9231244 DOI: 10.3390/v14061307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In humans and other mammals, the respiratory tract is represented by a complex network of polarized epithelial cells, forming an apical surface facing the external environment and a basal surface attached to the basement layer. These cells are characterized by differential expression of proteins and glycans, which serve as receptors during influenza virus infection. Attachment between these host receptors and the viral surface glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA) initiates the influenza virus life cycle. However, the virus receptor binding specificities may not be static. Sialylated N-glycans are the most well-characterized receptors but are not essential for the entry of influenza viruses, and other molecules, such as O-glycans and non-sialylated glycans, may be involved in virus-cell attachment. Furthermore, correct cell polarity and directional trafficking of molecules are essential for the orderly development of the system and affect successful influenza infection; on the other hand, influenza infection can also change cell polarity. Here we review recent advances in our understanding of influenza virus infection in the respiratory tract of humans and other mammals, particularly the attachment between the virus and the surface of the polar cells and the polarity variation of these cells due to virus infection.
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16
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Membrane-Tethered Mucin 1 Is Stimulated by Interferon and Virus Infection in Multiple Cell Types and Inhibits Influenza A Virus Infection in Human Airway Epithelium. mBio 2022; 13:e0105522. [PMID: 35699372 PMCID: PMC9426523 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01055-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) causes significant morbidity and mortality in the human population. Tethered mucin 1 (MUC1) is highly expressed in airway epithelium, the primary site of IAV replication, and also by other cell types that influence IAV infection, including macrophages. MUC1 has the potential to influence infection dynamics through physical interactions and/or signaling activity, yet MUC1 modulation and its impact during viral pathogenesis remain unclear. Thus, we investigated MUC1-IAV interactions in an in vitro model of human airway epithelium (HAE). Our data indicate that a recombinant IAV hemagglutinin (H3) and H3N2 virus can bind endogenous HAE MUC1. Notably, infection of HAE with H1N1 or H3N2 IAV strains does not trigger MUC1 shedding but instead stimulates an increase in cell-associated MUC1 protein. We observed a similar increase after type I or III interferon (IFN) stimulation; however, inhibition of IFN signaling during H1N1 infection only partially abrogated this increase, indicating that multiple soluble factors contribute to MUC1 upregulation during the antiviral response. In addition to HAE, primary human monocyte-derived macrophages also upregulated MUC1 protein in response to IFN treatment and conditioned media from IAV-infected HAE. Then, to determine the impact of MUC1 on IAV pathogenesis, we developed HAE genetically depleted of MUC1 and found that MUC1 knockout cultures exhibited enhanced viral growth compared to control cultures for several IAV strains. Together, our data support a model whereby MUC1 inhibits productive uptake of IAV in HAE. Infection then stimulates MUC1 expression on multiple cell types through IFN-dependent and -independent mechanisms that further impact infection dynamics.
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17
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Byrd-Leotis L, Lasanajak Y, Bowen T, Baker K, Song X, Suthar MS, Cummings RD, Steinhauer DA. SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses bind to phosphorylated glycans from the human lung. Virology 2021; 562:142-148. [PMID: 34325286 PMCID: PMC8299723 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2021.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and potentially SARS-CoV-2 emerged as novel human coronaviruses following cross-species transmission from animal hosts. Although the receptor binding characteristics of human coronaviruses are well documented, the role of carbohydrate binding in addition to recognition of proteinaceous receptors has not been fully explored. Using natural glycan microarray technology, we identified N-glycans in the human lung that are recognized by various human and animal coronaviruses. All viruses tested, including SARS-CoV-2, bound strongly to a range of phosphorylated, high mannose N-glycans and to a very specific set of sialylated structures. Examination of two linked strains, human CoV OC43 and bovine CoV Mebus, reveals shared binding to the sialic acid form Neu5Gc (not found in humans), supporting the evidence for cross-species transmission of the bovine strain. Our findings, revealing robust recognition of lung glycans, suggest that these receptors could play a role in the initial stages of coronavirus attachment and entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Byrd-Leotis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA; Centers for Excellence in Influenza Research and Surveillance, Emory-UGA CEIRS, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Yi Lasanajak
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Thomas Bowen
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Kelly Baker
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Surgery and Harvard Medical School Center for Glycoscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Xuezheng Song
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Mehul S Suthar
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Surgery and Harvard Medical School Center for Glycoscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Centers for Excellence in Influenza Research and Surveillance, Emory-UGA CEIRS, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - David A Steinhauer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA; Centers for Excellence in Influenza Research and Surveillance, Emory-UGA CEIRS, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
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18
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Broszeit F, van Beek RJ, Unione L, Bestebroer TM, Chapla D, Yang JY, Moremen KW, Herfst S, Fouchier RAM, de Vries RP, Boons GJ. Glycan remodeled erythrocytes facilitate antigenic characterization of recent A/H3N2 influenza viruses. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5449. [PMID: 34521834 PMCID: PMC8440751 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25713-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
During circulation in humans and natural selection to escape antibody recognition for decades, A/H3N2 influenza viruses emerged with altered receptor specificities. These viruses lost the ability to agglutinate erythrocytes critical for antigenic characterization and give low yields and acquire adaptive mutations when cultured in eggs and cells, contributing to recent vaccine challenges. Examination of receptor specificities of A/H3N2 viruses reveals that recent viruses compensated for decreased binding of the prototypic human receptor by recognizing α2,6-sialosides on extended LacNAc moieties. Erythrocyte glycomics shows an absence of extended glycans providing a rationale for lack of agglutination by recent A/H3N2 viruses. A glycan remodeling approach installing functional receptors on erythrocytes, allows antigenic characterization of recent A/H3N2 viruses confirming the cocirculation of antigenically different viruses in humans. Computational analysis of HAs in complex with sialosides having extended LacNAc moieties reveals that mutations distal to the RBD reoriented the Y159 side chain resulting in an extended receptor binding site.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, Viral/chemistry
- Antigens, Viral/genetics
- Antigens, Viral/metabolism
- Binding Sites
- Carbohydrate Sequence
- Erythrocytes/metabolism
- Erythrocytes/virology
- Glycomics/methods
- Glycosides/chemistry
- Glycosides/metabolism
- Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests
- Hemagglutinins, Viral/chemistry
- Hemagglutinins, Viral/genetics
- Hemagglutinins, Viral/metabolism
- Host-Pathogen Interactions/genetics
- Humans
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/metabolism
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Microarray Analysis/methods
- Polysaccharides/chemistry
- Polysaccharides/metabolism
- Protein Binding
- Protein Conformation, alpha-Helical
- Protein Conformation, beta-Strand
- Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs
- Receptors, Virus/chemistry
- Receptors, Virus/genetics
- Receptors, Virus/metabolism
- Sialic Acids/chemistry
- Sialic Acids/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Broszeit
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CG, The Netherlands
| | - Rosanne J van Beek
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CG, The Netherlands
| | - Luca Unione
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CG, The Netherlands
| | - Theo M Bestebroer
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, P.O. Box 2040, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Digantkumar Chapla
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Rd, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Jeong-Yeh Yang
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Rd, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Kelley W Moremen
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Rd, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Sander Herfst
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, P.O. Box 2040, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Ron A M Fouchier
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, P.O. Box 2040, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Robert P de Vries
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CG, The Netherlands.
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CG, The Netherlands.
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Rd, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
- Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
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19
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Stadtmueller MN, Bhatia S, Kiran P, Hilsch M, Reiter-Scherer V, Adam L, Parshad B, Budt M, Klenk S, Sellrie K, Lauster D, Seeberger PH, Hackenberger CPR, Herrmann A, Haag R, Wolff T. Evaluation of Multivalent Sialylated Polyglycerols for Resistance Induction in and Broad Antiviral Activity against Influenza A Viruses. J Med Chem 2021; 64:12774-12789. [PMID: 34432457 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of multivalent sialic acid-based inhibitors active against a variety of influenza A virus (IAV) strains has been hampered by high genetic and structural variability of the targeted viral hemagglutinin (HA). Here, we addressed this challenge by employing sialylated polyglycerols (PGs). Efficacy of prototypic PGs was restricted to a narrow spectrum of IAV strains. To understand this restriction, we selected IAV mutants resistant to a prototypic multivalent sialylated PG by serial passaging. Resistance mutations mapped to the receptor binding site of HA, which was accompanied by altered receptor binding profiles of mutant viruses as detected by glycan array analysis. Specifying the inhibitor functionalization to 2,6-α-sialyllactose (SL) and adjusting the linker yielded a rationally designed inhibitor covering an extended spectrum of inhibited IAV strains. These results highlight the importance of integrating virological data with chemical synthesis and structural data for the development of sialylated PGs toward broad anti-influenza compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlena N Stadtmueller
- Unit 17, Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, Robert Koch-Institut, Seestraße 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sumati Bhatia
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Pallavi Kiran
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Malte Hilsch
- Institut für Biologie, Molekulare Biophysik, IRI Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstr. 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Valentin Reiter-Scherer
- Institut für Biologie, Molekulare Biophysik, IRI Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstr. 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lutz Adam
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Roessle Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.,Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Badri Parshad
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Budt
- Unit 17, Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, Robert Koch-Institut, Seestraße 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon Klenk
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Roessle Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.,Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Sellrie
- Department for Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Daniel Lauster
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,Institut für Biologie, Molekulare Biophysik, IRI Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstr. 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department for Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Christian P R Hackenberger
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Roessle Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- Institut für Biologie, Molekulare Biophysik, IRI Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstr. 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thorsten Wolff
- Unit 17, Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, Robert Koch-Institut, Seestraße 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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20
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Powell H, Liu H, Pekosz A. Changes in sialic acid binding associated with egg adaptation decrease live attenuated influenza virus replication in human nasal epithelial cell cultures. Vaccine 2021; 39:3225-3235. [PMID: 33985852 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Live Attenuated Influenza Virus (LAIV) is administered to and replicates in the sinonasal epithelium. Candidate LAIV vaccine strains are selected based on their ability to replicate to a high titer in embryonated hen's eggs, a process that can lead to mutations which alter the receptor binding and antigenic structure of the hemagglutinin (HA) protein. In the 2012-2013 northern hemisphere vaccine, the H3N2 HA vaccine strain contained three amino acid changes - H156Q, G186V and S219Y - which altered HA antigenic structure and thus presumably decreased vaccine efficacy. To determine if these mutations also altered LAIV replication, reabcombinant viruses were created that encoded the wild-type (WT) parental HA of A/Victoria/361/2011 (WT HA LAIV), the egg adapted HA (EA HA LAIV) from the A/Victoria/361/2011 vaccine strain and an HA protein with additional amino acid changes to promote α2,3 sialic acid binding (2,3 EA HA LAIV). The WT HA LAIV bound α2,6 sialic compared to the EA HA LAIV and 2,3 EA HA LAIV which both demonstrated an increased preference for α2,3 sialic acid. On MDCKs, the WT HA and EA HA LAIVs showed similar replication at 32 °C but at 37 °C the EA HA LAIV replicated to lower infectious virus titers. The 2,3 EA HA LAIV replicated poorly at both temperatures. This replication phenotype was similar on human nasal epithelial cell (hNEC) cultures, however the WT HA LAIV induced the highest amount of IFN-λ and infected more nasal epithelial cells compared to the other viruses. Together, these data indicate that egg adaption mutations in the HA protein that confer preferential α2,3 sialic acid binding may adversely affect LAIV replication and contribute to reduced vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison Powell
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, United States
| | - Hsuan Liu
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, United States
| | - Andrew Pekosz
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, United States.
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21
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Shirakawa A, Manabe Y, Fukase K. Recent Advances in the Chemical Biology of N-Glycans. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26041040. [PMID: 33669465 PMCID: PMC7920464 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Asparagine-linked N-glycans on proteins have diverse structures, and their functions vary according to their structures. In recent years, it has become possible to obtain high quantities of N-glycans via isolation and chemical/enzymatic/chemoenzymatic synthesis. This has allowed for progress in the elucidation of N-glycan functions at the molecular level. Interaction analyses with lectins by glycan arrays or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) using various N-glycans have revealed the molecular basis for the recognition of complex structures of N-glycans. Preparation of proteins modified with homogeneous N-glycans revealed the influence of N-glycan modifications on protein functions. Furthermore, N-glycans have potential applications in drug development. This review discusses recent advances in the chemical biology of N-glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Shirakawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan;
| | - Yoshiyuki Manabe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan;
- Core for Medicine and Science Collaborative Research and Education, Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
- Correspondence: (Y.M.); (K.F.); Tel.: +81-6-6850-5391 (Y.M.); +81-6-6850-5388 (K.F.)
| | - Koichi Fukase
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan;
- Core for Medicine and Science Collaborative Research and Education, Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
- Correspondence: (Y.M.); (K.F.); Tel.: +81-6-6850-5391 (Y.M.); +81-6-6850-5388 (K.F.)
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22
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Bakre AA, Jones LP, Kyriakis CS, Hanson JM, Bobbitt DE, Bennett HK, Todd KV, Orr-Burks N, Murray J, Zhang M, Steinhauer DA, Byrd-Leotis L, Cummings RD, Fent J, Coffey T, Tripp RA. Molecular epidemiology and glycomics of swine influenza viruses circulating in commercial swine farms in the southeastern and midwest United States. Vet Microbiol 2020; 251:108914. [PMID: 33181438 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tracking the genetic diversity and spread of swine influenza viruses (SIVs) in commercial swine farms is central for control and to reduce the potential emergence of SIV reassortants. We analyzed the diversity of SIVs in nasal washes or oral fluids from commercial swine farms in North Carolina using influenza M qRT-PCR and hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) subtyping. We found a predominance of H1 HAs and N2 NAs in the samples examined. The majority of the H1 HAs could be further classified into gamma and delta subclusters. We also identified HAs of the H1 alpha cluster, and those of human novel pandemic origin. Glycan binding profiles from a representative subset of these viruses revealed broad α2,6 sialylated glycan recognition, though some strains exhibited the ability to bind to α2,3 sialic acid. These data show that SIV surveillance can aid our understanding of viral transmission dynamics and help uncover the diversity at the human-swine interface.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Les P Jones
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Athens, GA, United States
| | | | - Jarod M Hanson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Davis E Bobbitt
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Athens, GA, United States
| | | | - Kyle V Todd
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Athens, GA, United States
| | | | - Jackelyn Murray
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | | | | | - Richard D Cummings
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Surgery and Harvard Medical School Center for Glycoscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Joseph Fent
- Smithfield Foods, Rose Hill, NC, United States
| | | | - Ralph A Tripp
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Athens, GA, United States.
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23
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Mehta AY, Heimburg-Molinaro J, Cummings RD. Tools for generating and analyzing glycan microarray data. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:2260-2271. [PMID: 32983270 PMCID: PMC7492694 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycans are one of the major biological polymers found in the mammalian body. They play a vital role in a number of physiologic and pathologic conditions. Glycan microarrays allow a plethora of information to be obtained on protein–glycan binding interactions. In this review, we describe the intricacies of the generation of glycan microarray data and the experimental methods for studying binding. We highlight the importance of this knowledge before moving on to the data analysis. We then highlight a number of tools for the analysis of glycan microarray data such as data repositories, data visualization and manual analysis tools, automated analysis tools and structural informatics tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akul Y Mehta
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, National Center for Functional Glycomics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Jamie Heimburg-Molinaro
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, National Center for Functional Glycomics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, National Center for Functional Glycomics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
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24
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Cipollo JF, Parsons LM. Glycomics and glycoproteomics of viruses: Mass spectrometry applications and insights toward structure-function relationships. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2020; 39:371-409. [PMID: 32350911 PMCID: PMC7318305 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The advancement of viral glycomics has paralleled that of the mass spectrometry glycomics toolbox. In some regard the glycoproteins studied have provided the impetus for this advancement. Viral proteins are often highly glycosylated, especially those targeted by the host immune system. Glycosylation tends to be dynamic over time as viruses propagate in host populations leading to increased number of and/or "movement" of glycosylation sites in response to the immune system and other pressures. This relationship can lead to highly glycosylated, difficult to analyze glycoproteins that challenge the capabilities of modern mass spectrometry. In this review, we briefly discuss five general areas where glycosylation is important in the viral niche and how mass spectrometry has been used to reveal key information regarding structure-function relationships between viral glycoproteins and host cells. We describe the recent past and current glycomics toolbox used in these analyses and give examples of how the requirement to analyze these complex glycoproteins has provided the incentive for some advances seen in glycomics mass spectrometry. A general overview of viral glycomics, special cases, mass spectrometry methods and work-flows, informatics and complementary chemical techniques currently used are discussed. © 2020 The Authors. Mass Spectrometry Reviews published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Mass Spec Rev.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F. Cipollo
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringMaryland
| | - Lisa M. Parsons
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringMaryland
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25
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Gao C, Wei M, McKitrick TR, McQuillan AM, Heimburg-Molinaro J, Cummings RD. Glycan Microarrays as Chemical Tools for Identifying Glycan Recognition by Immune Proteins. Front Chem 2019; 7:833. [PMID: 31921763 PMCID: PMC6923789 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycans and glycan binding proteins (GBPs or lectins) are essential components in almost every aspect of immunology. Investigations of the interactions between glycans and GBPs have greatly advanced our understanding of the molecular basis of these fundamental immunological processes. In order to better study the glycan-GBP interactions, microscope glass slide-based glycan microarrays were conceived and proved to be an incredibly useful and successful tool. A variety of methods have been developed to better present the glycans so that they mimic natural presentations. Breakthroughs in chemical biology approaches have also made available glycans with sophisticated structures that were considered practically impossible just a few decade ago. Glycan microarrays provide a wealth of valuable information in immunological studies. They allow for discovery of detailed glycan binding preferences or novel binding epitopes of known endogenous immune receptors, which can potentially lead to the discovery of natural ligands that carry the glycans. Glycan microarrays also serve as a platform to discover new GBPs that are vital to the process of infection and invasion by microorganisms. This review summarizes the construction strategies and the immunological applications of glycan microarrays, particularly focused on those with the most comprehensive sets of glycan structures. We also review new methods and technologies that have evolved. We believe that glycan microarrays will continue to benefit the growing research community with various interests in the field of immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Richard D. Cummings
- Department of Surgery, National Center for Functional Glycomics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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