1
|
Sheikh A, Fleckenstein JM. Interactions of pathogenic Escherichia coli with CEACAMs. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1120331. [PMID: 36865539 PMCID: PMC9971599 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1120331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenic Escherichia coli can be parsed into specific variants (pathovars) depending on their phenotypic behavior and/or expression of specific virulence factors. These pathogens are built around chromosomally-encoded core attributes and through acquisition of specific virulence genes that direct their interaction with the host. Engagement of E. coli pathovars with CEACAMs is determined both by core elements common to all E. coli as well as extrachromosomally-encoded pathovar-specific virulence traits, which target amino terminal immunoglobulin variable-like (IgV) regions of CEACAMs. Emerging data suggests that engagement of CEACAMs does not unilaterally benefit the pathogen and that these interactions may also provide an avenue for pathogen elimination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alaullah Sheikh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - James M. Fleckenstein
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Infectious Diseases, Medicine Service, Veterans Affairs Saint Louis Health Care System, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang L, Zhang L, Gong X, Fu J, Gan Y, Hou M, Nie Q, Xiang J, Xiao Y, Wang Y, Zheng S, Yang L, Chen H, Xiang M, Liu Y, Li DW. PP-1β and PP-2Aα modulate cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) functions in aging control and stress response through de-regulation of αB-crystallin gene and p300-p53 signaling axis. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13458. [PMID: 34425033 PMCID: PMC8441381 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The function of the transcription factor, cAMP response element‐binding protein (CREB), is activated through S133 phosphorylation by PKA and others. Regarding its inactivation, it is not well defined. cAMP response element‐binding protein plays an essential role in promoting cell proliferation, neuronal survival and the synaptic plasticity associated with long‐term memory. Our recent studies have shown that CREB is an important player in mediating stress response. Here, we have demonstrated that CREB regulates aging process through suppression of αB‐crystallin and activation of the p300‐p53‐Bak/Bax signaling axis. First, we determined that two specific protein phosphatases, PP‐1β and PP‐2Aα, can inactivate CREB through S133 dephosphorylation. Subsequently, we demonstrated that cells expressing the S133A‐CREB, a mutant mimicking constant dephosphorylation at S133, suppress CREB functions in aging control and stress response. Mechanistically, S133A‐CREB not only significantly suppresses CREB control of αB‐crystallin gene, but also represses CREB‐mediated activation of p53 acetylation and downstream Bak/Bax genes. cAMP response element‐binding protein suppression of αB‐crystallin and its activation of p53 acetylation are major molecular events observed in human cataractous lenses of different age groups. Together, our results demonstrate that PP‐1β and PP‐2Aα modulate CREB functions in aging control and stress response through de‐regulation of αB‐crystallin gene and p300‐p53‐Bax/Bak signaling axis, which regulates human cataractogenesis in the aging lens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Lan Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Xiao‐Dong Gong
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Jia‐Ling Fu
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Yu‐Wen Gan
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Min Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Qian Nie
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Jia‐Wen Xiang
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Yuan Xiao
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Yan Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Shu‐Yu Zheng
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Lan Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Huimin Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Meng‐Qing Xiang
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Yizhi Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - David Wan‐Cheng Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Meier AF, Fraefel C, Seyffert M. The Interplay between Adeno-Associated Virus and its Helper Viruses. Viruses 2020; 12:v12060662. [PMID: 32575422 PMCID: PMC7354565 DOI: 10.3390/v12060662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a small, nonpathogenic parvovirus, which depends on helper factors to replicate. Those helper factors can be provided by coinfecting helper viruses such as adenoviruses, herpesviruses, or papillomaviruses. We review the basic biology of AAV and its most-studied helper viruses, adenovirus type 5 (AdV5) and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). We further outline the direct and indirect interactions of AAV with those and additional helper viruses.
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang L, Nie Q, Gao M, Yang L, Xiang JW, Xiao Y, Liu FY, Gong XD, Fu JL, Wang Y, Nguyen QD, Liu Y, Liu M, Li DWC. The transcription factor CREB acts as an important regulator mediating oxidative stress-induced apoptosis by suppressing αB-crystallin expression. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:13594-13617. [PMID: 32554860 PMCID: PMC7377838 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The general transcription factor, CREB has been shown to play an essential role in promoting cell proliferation, neuronal survival and synaptic plasticity in the nervous system. However, its function in stress response remains to be elusive. In the present study, we demonstrated that CREB plays a major role in mediating stress response. In both rat lens organ culture and mouse lens epithelial cells (MLECs), CREB promotes oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. To confirm that CREB is a major player mediating the above stress response, we established stable lines of MLECs stably expressing CREB and found that they are also very sensitive to oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. To define the underlying mechanism, RNAseq analysis was conducted. It was found that CREB significantly suppressed expression of the αB-crystallin gene to sensitize CREB-expressing cells undergoing oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. CREB knockdown via CRISPR/CAS9 technology led to upregulation of αB-crystallin and enhanced resistance against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. Moreover, overexpression of exogenous human αB-crystallin can restore the resistance against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. Finally, we provided first evidence that CREB directly regulates αB-crystallin gene. Together, our results demonstrate that CREB is an important transcription factor mediating stress response, and it promotes oxidative stress-induced apoptosis by suppressing αB-crystallin expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Nie
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Meng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
- Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, Henan, China
| | - Lan Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia-Wen Xiang
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510230, Guangdong, China
- Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA
| | - Yuan Xiao
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Fang-Yuan Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Gong
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia-Ling Fu
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Quan Dong Nguyen
- Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA
| | - Yizhi Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Mugen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - David Wan-Cheng Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510230, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sutkeviciute I, Clark LJ, White AD, Gardella TJ, Vilardaga JP. PTH/PTHrP Receptor Signaling, Allostery, and Structures. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2019; 30:860-874. [PMID: 31699241 PMCID: PMC6857722 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2019.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The parathyroid hormone (PTH) type 1 receptor (PTHR) is the canonical G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) for PTH and PTH-related protein (PTHrP) and the key regulator of calcium homeostasis and bone turnover. PTHR function is critical for human health to maintain homeostatic control of ionized serum Ca2+ levels and has several unusual signaling features, such as endosomal cAMP signaling, that are well-studied but not structurally understood. In this review, we discuss how recently solved high resolution near-atomic structures of hormone-bound PTHR in its inactive and active signaling states and discovery of extracellular Ca2+ allosterism shed light on the structural basis for PTHR signaling and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ieva Sutkeviciute
- Laboratory for GPCR Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Lisa J Clark
- Laboratory for GPCR Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Graduate Program in Molecular Biophysics and Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Alex D White
- Laboratory for GPCR Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Graduate Program in Molecular Pharmacology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Thomas J Gardella
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jean-Pierre Vilardaga
- Laboratory for GPCR Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gao S, Ghoshal S, Zhang L, Stevens JR, McCommis KS, Finck BN, Lopaschuk GD, Butler AA. The peptide hormone adropin regulates signal transduction pathways controlling hepatic glucose metabolism in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:13366-13377. [PMID: 31324719 PMCID: PMC6737218 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The peptide hormone adropin regulates energy metabolism in skeletal muscle and plays important roles in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis. Besides muscle, the liver has an essential role in regulating glucose homeostasis. Previous studies have reported that treatment of diet-induced obese (DIO) male mice with adropin34-76 (the putative secreted domain) reduces fasting blood glucose independently of body weight changes, suggesting that adropin suppresses glucose production in the liver. Here, we explored the molecular mechanisms underlying adropin's effects on hepatic glucose metabolism in DIO mice. Male DIO B6 mice maintained on a high-fat diet received five intraperitoneal injections of adropin34-76 (450 nmol/kg/injection) over a 48-h period. We found that adropin34-76 enhances major intracellular signaling activities in the liver that are involved in insulin-mediated regulation of glucose homeostasis. Moreover, treatment with adropin34-76 alleviated endoplasmic reticulum stress responses and reduced activity of c-Jun N-terminal kinase in the liver, explaining the enhanced activities of hepatic insulin signaling pathways observed with adropin34-76 treatment. Furthermore, adropin34-76 suppressed cAMP activated protein kinase A (PKA) activities, resulting in reduced phosphorylation of inositol trisphosphate receptor, which mediates endoplasmic reticulum calcium efflux, and of cAMP-responsive element-binding protein, a key transcription factor in hepatic regulation of glucose metabolism. Adropin34-76 directly affected liver metabolism, decreasing glucose production and reducing PKA-mediated phosphorylation in primary mouse hepatocytes in vitro Our findings indicate that major hepatic signaling pathways contribute to the improved glycemic control achieved with adropin34-76 treatment in situations of obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R7, Canada; Department of Metabolism and Aging, Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - Sarbani Ghoshal
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104
| | - Liyan Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R7, Canada
| | - Joseph R Stevens
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104
| | - Kyle S McCommis
- Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Brian N Finck
- Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Gary D Lopaschuk
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R7, Canada
| | - Andrew A Butler
- Department of Metabolism and Aging, Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458; Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Serotonin receptor HTR6-mediated mTORC1 signaling regulates dietary restriction-induced memory enhancement. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e2007097. [PMID: 30883547 PMCID: PMC6438579 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2007097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR; sometimes called calorie restriction) has profound beneficial effects on physiological, psychological, and behavioral outcomes in animals and in humans. We have explored the molecular mechanism of DR-induced memory enhancement and demonstrate that dietary tryptophan-a precursor amino acid for serotonin biosynthesis in the brain-and serotonin receptor 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6 (HTR6) are crucial in mediating this process. We show that HTR6 inactivation diminishes DR-induced neurological alterations, including reduced dendritic complexity, increased spine density, and enhanced long-term potentiation (LTP) in hippocampal neurons. Moreover, we find that HTR6-mediated mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling is involved in DR-induced memory improvement. Our results suggest that the HTR6-mediated mTORC1 pathway may function as a nutrient sensor in hippocampal neurons to couple memory performance to dietary intake.
Collapse
|
8
|
|
9
|
Ramos-Alvarez I, Lee L, Jensen RT. Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase A and EPAC mediate VIP and secretin stimulation of PAK4 and activation of Na +,K +-ATPase in pancreatic acinar cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2019; 316:G263-G277. [PMID: 30520694 PMCID: PMC6397337 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00275.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Rat pancreatic acinar cells possess only the p21-activated kinase (PAKs), PAK4 of the group II PAK, and it is activated by gastrointestinal hormones/neurotransmitters stimulating PLC and by a number of growth factors. However, little is known generally of cAMP agents causing PAK4 activation, and there are no studies with gastrointestinal hormones/neurotransmitters activating cAMP cascades. In the present study, we examined the ability of VIP and secretin, which stimulate cAMP generation in pancreatic acini, to stimulate PAK4 activation, the signaling cascades involved, and their possible role in activating sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na+,K+-ATPase). PAK4 activation was compared with activation of the well-established cAMP target, cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB). Secretin-stimulated PAK4 activation was inhibited by KT-5720 and PKA Type II inhibitor (PKI), protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitors, whereas VIP activation was inhibited by ESI-09 and HJC0197, exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (EPAC) inhibitors. In contrast, both VIP/secretin-stimulated phosphorylation of CREB (pCREB) via EPAC activation; however, it was inhibited by the p44/42 inhibitor PD98059 and the p38 inhibitor SB202190. The specific EPAC agonist 8-CPT-2- O-Me-cAMP as well 8-Br-cAMP and forskolin stimulated PAK4 activation. Secretin/VIP activation of Na+,K+-ATPase, was inhibited by PAK4 inhibitors (PF-3758309, LCH-7749944). These results demonstrate PAK4 is activated in pancreatic acini by stimulation of both VIP-/secretin-preferring receptors, as is CREB. However, they differ in their signaling cascades. Furthermore, PAK4 activation is needed for Na+,K+ATPase activation, which mediates pancreatic fluid secretion. These results, coupled with recent studies reporting PAKs are involved in both pancreatitis/pancreatic cancer growth/enzyme secretion, show that PAK4, similar to PAK2, likely plays an important role in both pancreatic physiological/pathological responses. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Pancreatic acini possess only the group II p21-activated kinase, PAK4, which is activated by PLC-stimulating agents/growth factors and is important in enzyme-secretion/growth/pancreatitis. Little information exists on cAMP-activating agents stimulating group II PAKs. We studied ability/effect of cyclic AMP-stimulating agents [vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), secretin] on PAK4 activity in rat pancreatic-acini. Both VIP/secretin activated PAK4/CREB, but the cAMP signaling cascades differed for EPAC, MAPK, and PKA pathways. Both hormones require PAK4 activation to stimulate sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase activity. This study shows PAK4 plays an important role in VIP-/secretin-stimulated pancreatic fluid secretion and suggests it plays important roles in pancreatic acinar physiological/pathophysiological responses mediated by cAMP-activating agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Ramos-Alvarez
- Digestive Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lingaku Lee
- Digestive Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - R. T. Jensen
- Digestive Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yun CY, Hong SD, Lee YH, Lee J, Jung DE, Kim GH, Kim SH, Jung JK, Kim KH, Lee H, Hong JT, Han SB, Kim Y. Nuclear Entry of CRTC1 as Druggable Target of Acquired Pigmentary Disorder. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:646-660. [PMID: 30809299 PMCID: PMC6376463 DOI: 10.7150/thno.30276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: SOX10 (SRY-related HMG-box 10) and MITF-M (microphthalmia-associated transcription factor M) restrict the expression of melanogenic genes, such as TYR (tyrosinase), in melanocytes. DACE (diacetylcaffeic acid cyclohexyl ester) inhibits melanin production in α-MSH (α-melanocyte stimulating hormone)-activated B16-F0 melanoma cells. In this study, we evaluated the antimelanogenic activity of DACE in vivo and elucidated the molecular basis of its action. Methods: We employed melanocyte cultures and hyperpigmented skin samples for pigmentation assays, and applied chromatin immunoprecipitation, immunoblotting, RT-PCR or siRNA-based knockdown for mechanistic analyses. Results: Topical treatment with DACE mitigated UV-B-induced hyperpigmentation in the skin with attenuated expression of MITF-M and TYR. DACE also inhibited melanin production in α-MSH- or ET-1 (endothelin 1)-activated melanocyte cultures. As a mechanism, DACE blocked the nuclear import of CRTC1 (CREB-regulated co-activator 1) in melanocytes. DACE resultantly inhibited SOX10 induction, and suppressed the transcriptional abilities of CREB/CRTC1 heterodimer and SOX10 at MITF-M promoter, thereby ameliorating facultative melanogenesis. Furthermore, this study unveiled new issues in melanocyte biology that i) KPNA1 (Impα5) escorted CRTC1 as a cargo across the nuclear envelope, ii) SOX10 was inducible in the melanogenic process, and iii) CRTC1 could direct SOX10 induction at the transcription level. Conclusion: We propose the targeting of CRTC1 as a unique strategy in the treatment of acquired pigmentary disorders.
Collapse
|
11
|
Moriguchi S, Kita S, Inagaki R, Yabuki Y, Sasaki Y, Ishikawa S, Sakagami H, Iwamoto T, Fukunaga K. Aberrant Amygdala-Dependent Cued Fear Memory in Na +/Ca 2+ Exchanger 1 Heterozygous Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:4381-4394. [PMID: 30324228 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1384-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Na+/Ca2+ exchangers (NCXs) are mainly expressed in the plasma membrane and exchange one Ca2+ for three Na+, depending on the electrochemical gradients across the plasma membrane. NCXs have three isoforms, NCX1-3, encoded by distinct genes in mammals. Here, we report that heterozygous mice lacking NCX1 (NCX1+/-) exhibit impaired amygdala-dependent cued fear memory. NCX1+/- mice showed significant impairment in fear-related behaviors measured with the elevated-plus maze, light-dark, open-field, and marble-burying tasks. In addition, NCX1+/- mice showed abnormality in cued fear memory but not in contextual fear memory in a fear-conditioning task. In immunohistochemical analyses, NCX1+/- mice had significantly increased number of c-Fos-positive cells in the lateral amygdala (LA) but not in the central amygdala following fear-related tone stimuli. c-Fos expression peaked at 1 h. In concordance with the aberrant fear-related behaviors in NCX1+/- mice, enhanced long-term potentiation was also observed in the LA of these mice. Furthermore, enhancement of CaMKII or CaMKIV activity in the LA was observed in NCX1+/- mice by immunoblot analyses. In contrast, CaMKII+/- but not CaMKIV-/- mice insufficiently exhibited tone-induced cued fear memory and there was no increase in the number of c-Fos-positive cells in the LA. Altogether, the increased CaMKII activity and consequent c-Fos expression likely account for the dysregulation of amygdala-dependent cued fear memory in NCX1+/- mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Moriguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Satomi Kita
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1, Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Ryo Inagaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yasushi Yabuki
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Sasaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Shun Ishikawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sakagami
- Department of Anatomy, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Takahiro Iwamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1, Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.
| | - Kohji Fukunaga
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hirschler-Laszkiewicz I, Chen SJ, Bao L, Wang J, Zhang XQ, Shanmughapriya S, Keefer K, Madesh M, Cheung JY, Miller BA. The human ion channel TRPM2 modulates neuroblastoma cell survival and mitochondrial function through Pyk2, CREB, and MCU activation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2018; 315:C571-C586. [PMID: 30020827 PMCID: PMC6230687 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00098.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential melastatin channel subfamily member 2 (TRPM2) has an essential function in cell survival and is highly expressed in many cancers. Inhibition of TRPM2 in neuroblastoma by depletion with CRISPR technology or expression of dominant negative TRPM2-S has been shown to significantly reduce cell viability. Here, the role of proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2) in TRPM2 modulation of neuroblastoma viability was explored. In TRPM2-depleted cells, phosphorylation and expression of Pyk2 and cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB), a downstream target, were significantly reduced after application of the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin. Overexpression of wild-type Pyk2 rescued cell viability. Reduction of Pyk2 expression with shRNA decreased cell viability and CREB phosphorylation and expression, demonstrating Pyk2 modulates CREB activation. TRPM2 depletion impaired phosphorylation of Src, an activator of Pyk2, and this may be a mechanism to reduce Pyk2 phosphorylation. TRPM2 inhibition was previously demonstrated to decrease mitochondrial function. Here, CREB, Pyk2, and phosphorylated Src were reduced in mitochondria of TRPM2-depleted cells, consistent with their role in modulating expression and activation of mitochondrial proteins. Phosphorylated Src and phosphorylated and total CREB were reduced in TRPM2-depleted nuclei. Expression and function of mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU), a target of phosphorylated Pyk2 and CREB, were significantly reduced. Wild-type TRPM2 but not Ca2+-impermeable mutant E960D reconstituted phosphorylation and expression of Pyk2 and CREB in TRPM2-depleted cells exposed to doxorubicin. Results demonstrate that TRPM2 expression protects the viability of neuroblastoma through Src, Pyk2, CREB, and MCU activation, which play key roles in maintaining mitochondrial function and cellular bioenergetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shu-Jen Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Lei Bao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - JuFang Wang
- The Center of Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine of Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Xue-Qian Zhang
- The Center of Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine of Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Santhanam Shanmughapriya
- The Center of Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine of Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Biochemistry, Lewis Katz School of Medicine of Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kerry Keefer
- Department of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Muniswamy Madesh
- The Center of Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine of Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Biochemistry, Lewis Katz School of Medicine of Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph Y Cheung
- The Center of Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine of Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine of Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Barbara A Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey, Pennsylvania.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lee JM, Han HS, Jung YS, Harris RA, Koo SH, Choi HS. The SMILE transcriptional corepressor inhibits cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB)-mediated transactivation of gluconeogenic genes. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:13125-13133. [PMID: 29950523 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Under fasting conditions, activation of several hepatic genes sets the stage for gluconeogenesis in the liver. cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), CREB-regulated transcription coactivator 2 (CRTC2), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) are essential for this transcriptional induction of gluconeogenic genes. PGC-1α induction is mediated by activation of a CREB/CRTC2 signaling complex, and recent findings have revealed that small heterodimer partner-interacting leucine zipper protein (SMILE), a member of the CREB/ATF family of basic region-leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors, is an insulin-inducible corepressor that decreases PGC-1α expression and abrogates its stimulatory effect on hepatic gluconeogenesis. However, the molecular mechanism whereby SMILE suppresses PGC-1α expression is unknown. Here, we investigated SMILE's effects on the CREB/CRTC2 signaling pathway and glucose metabolism. We found that SMILE significantly inhibits CREB/CRTC2-induced PGC-1α expression by interacting with and disrupting the CREB/CRTC2 complex. Consequently, SMILE decreased PGC-1α-induced hepatic gluconeogenic gene expression. Furthermore, SMILE inhibited CREB/CRTC2-induced phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) gene expression by directly repressing the expression of these genes and by indirectly inhibiting the expression of PGC-1α via CREB/CRTC2 repression. Indeed, enhanced gluconeogenesis and circulating blood glucose levels in mice injected with an adenovirus construct containing a constitutively active CRTC2 variant (CRTC2-S171A) were significantly reduced by WT SMILE, but not by leucine zipper-mutated SMILE. These results reveal that SMILE represses CREB/CRTC2-induced PGC-1α expression, an insight that may help inform potential therapeutic approaches targeting PGC-1α-mediated regulation of hepatic glucose metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Min Lee
- From the National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals and Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Sook Han
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea, and
| | - Yoon Seok Jung
- From the National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals and Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Robert A Harris
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160
| | - Seung-Hoi Koo
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea, and
| | - Hueng-Sik Choi
- From the National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals and Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea,
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Long-Term Diet Supplementation with Lactobacillus paracasei K71 Prevents Age-Related Cognitive Decline in Senescence-Accelerated Mouse Prone 8. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10060762. [PMID: 29899283 PMCID: PMC6024584 DOI: 10.3390/nu10060762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the suppressive effect of long-term diet supplementation with Lactobacillus strains on cognitive decline in the senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) model. For 43 weeks, fourteen-week-old female SAMP8 mice were fed a standard diet containing 0.05% (w/w) Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei 327 (L. 327) or Lactobacillusparacasei K71 (L. K71) derived from rice grains and sake lees, respectively. SAMP8 mice that were fed a L. K71-supplemented diet had better cognitive performance compared with the control and L. 327 groups in the Barnes maze and passive avoidance tests. An ELISA analysis revealed that the levels of serotonin were elevated in the serum and brain tissue of L. K71-fed mice. The protein expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), and phosphorylated CREB were evaluated using western blot. Long-term administration of L. K71 resulted in increased protein expression of BDNF and CREB phosphorylation in the hippocampus. These results suggest that prolonged intake of a diet supplemented with a Lactobacillus strain derived from sake lees may prevent age-dependent cognitive decline by upregulating BDNF expression in the hippocampus.
Collapse
|
15
|
Li X, Guo C, Li Y, Li L, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Li Y, Chen Y, Liu W, Gao L. Ketamine administered pregnant rats impair learning and memory in offspring via the CREB pathway. Oncotarget 2018; 8:32433-32449. [PMID: 28430606 PMCID: PMC5464800 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ketamine has been reported to impair the capacity for learning and memory. This study examined whether these capacities were also altered in the offspring and investigated the role of the CREB signaling pathway in pregnant rats, subjected to ketamine-induced anesthesia. On the 14th day of gestation (P14), female rats were anesthetized for 3 h via intravenous ketamine injection (200 mg/Kg). Morris water maze task, contextual and cued fear conditioning, and olfactory tasks were executed between the 25th to 30th day after birth (B25-30) on rat pups, and rats were sacrificed on B30. Nerve density and dendritic spine density were examined via Nissl’s and Golgi staining. Simultaneously, the contents of Ca2+/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II (CaMKII), p-CaMKII, CaMKIV, p-CaMKIV, Extracellular Regulated Protein Kinases (ERK), p-ERK, Protein Kinase A (PKA), p-PKA, cAMP-Response Element Binding Protein (CREB), p-CREB, and Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) were detected in the hippocampus. We pretreated PC12 cells with both PKA inhibitor (H89) and ERK inhibitor (SCH772984), thus detecting levels of ERK, p-ERK, PKA, p-PKA, p-CREB, and BDNF. The results revealed that ketamine impaired the learning ability and spatial as well as conditioned memory in the offspring, and significantly decreased the protein levels of ERK, p-ERK, PKA, p-PKA, p-CREB, and BDNF. We found that ERK and PKA (but not CaMKII or CaMKIV) have the ability to regulate the CREB-BDNF pathway during ketamine-induced anesthesia in pregnant rats. Furthermore, ERK and PKA are mutually compensatory for the regulation of the CREB-BDNF pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Cen Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Lina Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenhan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Li Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang Y, Guan Q, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Chen J, Liu Y, Su Z. Regulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis by nuclear factor Y transcription factor in mice. J Biol Chem 2018. [PMID: 29530977 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic gluconeogenesis is essential to maintain blood glucose levels, and its abnormal activation leads to hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes. However, the molecular mechanisms in the regulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis remain to be fully defined. In this study, using murine hepatocytes and a liver-specific knockout mouse model, we explored the physiological role of nuclear factor Y (NF-Y) in regulating hepatic glucose metabolism and the underlying mechanism. We found that NF-Y targets the gluconeogenesis pathway in the liver. Hepatic NF-Y expression was effectively induced by cAMP, glucagon, and fasting in vivo Lentivirus-mediated NF-Y overexpression in Hepa1-6 hepatocytes markedly raised the gluconeogenic gene expression and cellular glucose production compared with empty vector control cells. Conversely, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockdown of NF-Y subunit A (NF-YA) attenuated gluconeogenic gene expression and glucose production. We also provide evidence indicating that CRE-loxP-mediated, liver-specific NF-YA knockout compromises hepatic glucose production. Mechanistically, luciferase reporter gene assays and ChIP analysis indicated that NF-Y activates transcription of the gluconeogenic genes Pck1 and G6pc, by encoding phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and the glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit (G6Pase), respectively, via directly binding to the CCAAT regulatory sequence motif in their promoters. Of note, NF-Y enhanced gluconeogenesis by interacting with cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB). Overall, our results reveal a previously unrecognized physiological function of NF-Y in controlling glucose metabolism by up-regulating the gluconeogenic genes Pck1 and G6pc Modulation of hepatic NF-Y expression may therefore offer an attractive therapeutic approach to manage type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Zhang
- From the Molecular Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiuyue Guan
- the Department of Geriatrics, People's Hospital of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China, and
| | - Yin Liu
- From the Molecular Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yulong Chen
- From the Molecular Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinglu Chen
- From the Molecular Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yulan Liu
- From the Molecular Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiguang Su
- From the Molecular Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China,
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yun CY, Mi Ko S, Pyo Choi Y, Kim BJ, Lee J, Mun Kim J, Kim JY, Song JY, Kim SH, Hwang BY, Tae Hong J, Han SB, Kim Y. α-Viniferin Improves Facial Hyperpigmentation via Accelerating Feedback Termination of cAMP/PKA-Signaled Phosphorylation Circuit in Facultative Melanogenesis. Theranostics 2018; 8:2031-2043. [PMID: 29556371 PMCID: PMC5858515 DOI: 10.7150/thno.24385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: cAMP up-regulates microphthalmia-associated transcription factor subtype M (MITF-M) and tyrosinase (Tyro) in the generation of heavily pigmented melanosomes. Here, we communicate a therapeutic mechanism of hyperpigmented disorder by α-viniferin, an active constituent of Caragana sinica. Methods: We used cAMP-elevated melanocyte cultures or facial hyperpigmented patches for pigmentation assays, and applied immunoprecipitation, immunobloting, RT-PCR or reporter gene for elucidation of the antimelanogenic mechanism. Results:C. sinica or α-viniferin inhibited melanin production in α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-, histamine- or cell-permeable cAMP-activated melanocyte cultures. Moreover, topical application with C. sinica containing α-viniferin, a standard in quality control, decreased melanin index on facial melasma and freckles in patients. As a molecular basis, α-viniferin accelerated protein kinase A (PKA) inactivation via the reassociation between catalytic and regulatory subunits in cAMP-elevated melanocytes, a feedback loop in the melanogenic process. α-Viniferin resultantly inhibited cAMP/PKA-signaled phosphorylation of cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB) coupled with dephosphorylation of cAMP-regulated transcriptional co-activator 1 (CRTC1), thus down-regulating expression of MITF-M or Tyro gene with decreased melanin pigmentation. Conclusion: This study assigned PKA inactivation, a feedback termination in cAMP-induced facultative melanogenesis, as a putative target of α-viniferin in the treatment of melanocyte-specific hyperpigmented disorder. Finally, C. sinica containing α-viniferin was approved as an antimelanogenic agent with topical application in skin hyperpigmentation.
Collapse
|
18
|
Smith FD, Esseltine JL, Nygren PJ, Veesler D, Byrne DP, Vonderach M, Strashnov I, Eyers CE, Eyers PA, Langeberg LK, Scott JD. Local protein kinase A action proceeds through intact holoenzymes. Science 2018. [PMID: 28642438 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaj1669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hormones can transmit signals through adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) to precise intracellular locations. The fidelity of these responses relies on the activation of localized protein kinase A (PKA) holoenzymes. Association of PKA regulatory type II (RII) subunits with A-kinase-anchoring proteins (AKAPs) confers location, and catalytic (C) subunits phosphorylate substrates. Single-particle electron microscopy demonstrated that AKAP79 constrains RII-C subassemblies within 150 to 250 angstroms of its targets. Native mass spectrometry established that these macromolecular assemblies incorporated stoichiometric amounts of cAMP. Chemical-biology- and live cell-imaging techniques revealed that catalytically active PKA holoenzymes remained intact within the cytoplasm. These findings indicate that the parameters of anchored PKA holoenzyme action are much more restricted than originally anticipated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Donelson Smith
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jessica L Esseltine
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Patrick J Nygren
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - David Veesler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Dominic P Byrne
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Matthias Vonderach
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Ilya Strashnov
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Claire E Eyers
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Patrick A Eyers
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Lorene K Langeberg
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - John D Scott
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Carter SD, Mifsud KR, Reul JMHM. Acute Stress Enhances Epigenetic Modifications But Does Not Affect the Constitutive Binding of pCREB to Immediate-Early Gene Promoters in the Rat Hippocampus. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:416. [PMID: 29311809 PMCID: PMC5742222 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The immediate early genes (IEGs) c-Fos and Egr-1 are rapidly and transiently induced in sparse neurons within the hippocampus after exposure to an acute stressor. The induction of these genes is a critical part of the molecular mechanisms underlying successful behavioral adaptation to stress. Our previous work has shown that transcriptional activation of c-Fos and Egr-1 in the hippocampus requires formation of a dual histone mark within their promoter regions, the phosphorylation of serine 10 and acetylation of lysine 9/14 of histone H3. In the present study, using chromatin immuno-precipitation (ChIP), we found that an increase in the formation of H3K9ac-S10p occurs within the c-Fos and Egr-1 promoters after FS stress in vivo and that these histone modifications were located to promoter regions containing cAMP Responsive Elements (CREs), but not in neighboring regions containing only Serum Responsive Elements (SREs). Surprisingly, however, subsequent ChIP analyses showed no changes in the binding of pCREB or CREB-binding protein (CBP) to the CREs after FS. In fact, pCREB binding to the c-Fos and Egr-1 promoters was already highly enriched under baseline conditions and did not increase further after stress. We suggest that constitutive pCREB binding may keep c-Fos and Egr-1 in a poised state for activation. Possibly, the formation of H3K9ac-S10p in the vicinity of CRE sites may participate in unblocking transcriptional elongation through recruitment of additional epigenetic factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia D Carter
- Neuro-Epigenetics Research Group, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Karen R Mifsud
- Neuro-Epigenetics Research Group, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Johannes M H M Reul
- Neuro-Epigenetics Research Group, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Law NC, Donaubauer EM, Zeleznik AJ, Hunzicker-Dunn M. How Protein Kinase A Activates Canonical Tyrosine Kinase Signaling Pathways To Promote Granulosa Cell Differentiation. Endocrinology 2017; 158:2043-2051. [PMID: 28460125 PMCID: PMC5505220 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase A (PKA) has recently been shown to mimic the actions of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) by activating signaling pathways that promote granulosa cell (GC) differentiation, such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK). We sought to elucidate the mechanism by which PKA, a Ser/Thr kinase, intersected the PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK pathways that are canonically activated by receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). Our results show that for both of these pathways, the RTK is active in the absence of FSH yet signaling down the pathways to commence transcriptional responses requires FSH-stimulated PKA activation. For both pathways, PKA initiates signaling by regulating the activity of a protein phosphatase (PP). For the PI3K/AKT pathway, PKA activates the Ser/Thr PP1 complexed with the insulinlike growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) and insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) to dephosphorylate Ser residues on IRS1, authorizing phosphorylation of IRS1 by the IGF-1R to activate PI3K. Treatment of GCs with FSH and exogenous IGF-1 initiates synergistic IRS1 Tyr phosphorylation and resulting gene activation. The mechanism by which PKA activates PI3K is conserved in preovulatory GCs, MCF7 breast cancer cells, and FRTL thyroid cells. For the MAPK/ERK pathway, PKA promotes inactivation of the MAPK phosphatase (MKP) dual specificity phosphatase (DUSP) MKP3/DUSP6 to permit MEK-phosphorylated ERK to accumulate downstream of the epidermal growth factor receptor. Thus, for the two central signaling pathways that regulate gene expression in GCs, FSH via PKA intersects canonical RTK-regulated signaling by modulating the activity of PPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan C. Law
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164
| | - Elyse M. Donaubauer
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164
| | - Anthony J. Zeleznik
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Magee Women’s Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Mary Hunzicker-Dunn
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chung J, Wittig JG, Ghamari A, Maeda M, Dailey TA, Bergonia H, Kafina MD, Coughlin EE, Minogue CE, Hebert AS, Li L, Kaplan J, Lodish HF, Bauer DE, Orkin SH, Cantor AB, Maeda T, Phillips JD, Coon JJ, Pagliarini DJ, Dailey HA, Paw BH. Erythropoietin signaling regulates heme biosynthesis. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28553927 PMCID: PMC5478267 DOI: 10.7554/elife.24767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme is required for survival of all cells, and in most eukaryotes, is produced through a series of eight enzymatic reactions. Although heme production is critical for many cellular processes, how it is coupled to cellular differentiation is unknown. Here, using zebrafish, murine, and human models, we show that erythropoietin (EPO) signaling, together with the GATA1 transcriptional target, AKAP10, regulates heme biosynthesis during erythropoiesis at the outer mitochondrial membrane. This integrated pathway culminates with the direct phosphorylation of the crucial heme biosynthetic enzyme, ferrochelatase (FECH) by protein kinase A (PKA). Biochemical, pharmacological, and genetic inhibition of this signaling pathway result in a block in hemoglobin production and concomitant intracellular accumulation of protoporphyrin intermediates. Broadly, our results implicate aberrant PKA signaling in the pathogenesis of hematologic diseases. We propose a unifying model in which the erythroid transcriptional program works in concert with post-translational mechanisms to regulate heme metabolism during normal development. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.24767.001 Heme is an iron-containing compound that is important for all living things, from bacteria to humans. Our red blood cells use heme to carry oxygen and deliver it throughout the body. The amount of heme that is produced must be tightly regulated. Too little or too much heme in a person’s red blood cells can lead to blood-related diseases such as anemia and porphyria. Yet, while scientists knew the enzymes needed to make heme, they did not know how these enzymes were controlled. Now, Chung et al. show that an important signaling molecule called erythropoietin controls how much heme is produced when red blood cells are made. The experiments used a combination of red blood cells from humans and mice as well as zebrafish, which are useful model organisms because their blood develops in a similar way to humans. When Chung et al. inhibited components of erythropoietin signaling, heme production was blocked too and the red blood cells could not work properly. These new findings pave the way to look at human patients with blood-related disorders to determine if they have defects in the erythropoietin signaling cascade. In the future, this avenue of research might lead to better treatments for a variety of blood diseases in humans. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.24767.002
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacky Chung
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Johannes G Wittig
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Alireza Ghamari
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Manami Maeda
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Tamara A Dailey
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, United States
| | - Hector Bergonia
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Martin D Kafina
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | | | - Catherine E Minogue
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States
| | | | - Liangtao Li
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Jerry Kaplan
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Harvey F Lodish
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
| | - Daniel E Bauer
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Stuart H Orkin
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Alan B Cantor
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Takahiro Maeda
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - John D Phillips
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Joshua J Coon
- Genome Center of Wisconsin, Madison, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States.,Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States
| | - David J Pagliarini
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States
| | - Harry A Dailey
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, United States
| | - Barry H Paw
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Jean-Alphonse FG, Wehbi VL, Chen J, Noda M, Taboas JM, Xiao K, Vilardaga JP. β 2-adrenergic receptor control of endosomal PTH receptor signaling via Gβγ. Nat Chem Biol 2016; 13:259-261. [PMID: 28024151 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.2267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cells express several G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) at their surfaces, transmitting simultaneous extracellular hormonal and chemical signals into cells. A comprehensive understanding of mechanisms underlying the integrated signaling response induced by distinct GPCRs is thus required. Here we found that the β2-adrenergic receptor, which induces a short cAMP response, prolongs nuclear cAMP and protein kinase A (PKA) activation by promoting endosomal cAMP production in parathyroid hormone (PTH) receptor signaling through the stimulatory action of G protein Gβγ subunits on adenylate cyclase type 2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric G Jean-Alphonse
- Laboratory for GPCR Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vanessa L Wehbi
- Laboratory for GPCR Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jingming Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Masaki Noda
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Medical Research Institute Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Juan M Taboas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kunhong Xiao
- Laboratory for GPCR Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jean-Pierre Vilardaga
- Laboratory for GPCR Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Jing YP, Wang D, Han XL, Dong DJ, Wang JX, Zhao XF. The Steroid Hormone 20-Hydroxyecdysone Enhances Gene Transcription through the cAMP Response Element-binding Protein (CREB) Signaling Pathway. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:12771-12785. [PMID: 27129227 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.706028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal steroid hormones regulate gene transcription through genomic pathways by binding to nuclear receptors. These steroid hormones also rapidly increase intracellular calcium and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels and activate the protein kinase C (PKC) and protein kinase A (PKA) nongenomic pathways. However, the function and mechanism of the nongenomic pathways of the steroid hormones are unclear, and the relationship between the PKC and PKA pathways is also unclear. We propose that the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) activates the PKA pathway to enhance 20E-induced gene transcription in the lepidopteran insect Helicoverpa armigera The expression of the catalytic subunit 1 of PKA (PKAC1) increased during metamorphosis, and PKAC1 knockdown blocked pupation and repressed 20E-responsive gene expression. 20E regulated PKAC1 phosphorylation at threonine 200 and nuclear translocation through an ecdysone-responsive G-protein-coupled receptor 2. PKAC1 induced cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation at serine 143, which bound to the cAMP response element on DNA to enhance 20E-responsive gene transcription. Through ecdysone-responsive G-protein-coupled receptor 2, 20E increased cAMP levels, which induced CREB PKA phosphorylation and 20E-responsive gene expression. This study demonstrates that the PKA/CREB pathway tightly and critically regulates 20E-induced gene transcription as well as its relationship with the 20E-induced PKC pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Pu Jing
- From the Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Di Wang
- From the Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Han
- From the Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Du-Juan Dong
- From the Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Jin-Xing Wang
- From the Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Zhao
- From the Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Donaubauer EM, Hunzicker-Dunn ME. Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase (ERK)-dependent Phosphorylation of Y-Box-binding Protein 1 (YB-1) Enhances Gene Expression in Granulosa Cells in Response to Follicle-stimulating Hormone (FSH). J Biol Chem 2016; 291:12145-60. [PMID: 27080258 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.705368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the ovarian follicle, immature oocytes are surrounded and supported by granulosa cells (GCs). Stimulation of GCs by FSH leads to their proliferation and differentiation, events that are necessary for fertility. FSH activates multiple signaling pathways to regulate genes necessary for follicular maturation. Herein, we investigated the role of Y-box-binding protein-1 (YB-1) within GCs. YB-1 is a nucleic acid binding protein that regulates transcription and translation. Our results show that FSH promotes an increase in the phosphorylation of YB-1 on Ser(102) within 15 min that is maintained at significantly increased levels until ∼8 h post treatment. FSH-stimulated phosphorylation of YB-1(Ser(102)) is prevented by pretreatment of GCs with the PKA-selective inhibitor PKA inhibitor (PKI), the MEK inhibitor PD98059, or the ribosomal S6 kinase-2 (RSK-2) inhibitor BI-D1870. Thus, phosphorylation of YB-1 on Ser(102) is PKA-, ERK-, and RSK-2-dependent. However, pretreatment of GCs with the protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) inhibitor tautomycin increased phosphorylation of YB-1(Ser(102)) in the absence of FSH; FSH did not further increase YB-1(Ser(102)) phosphorylation. This result suggests that the major effect of RSK-2 is to inhibit PP1 rather than to directly phosphorylate YB-1 on Ser(102) YB-1 coimmunoprecipitated with PP1β catalytic subunit and RSK-2. Transduction of GCs with the dephospho-adenoviral-YB-1(S102A) mutant prevented the induction by FSH of Egfr, Cyp19a1, Inha, Lhcgr, Cyp11a1, Hsd17b1, and Pappa mRNAs and estradiol-17β production. Collectively, our results reveal that phosphorylation of YB-1 on Ser(102) via the ERK/RSK-2 signaling pathway is necessary for FSH-mediated expression of target genes required for maturation of follicles to a preovulatory phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elyse M Donaubauer
- From the School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164
| | - Mary E Hunzicker-Dunn
- From the School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Non-coding RNA LINC00473 mediates decidualization of human endometrial stromal cells in response to cAMP signaling. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22744. [PMID: 26947914 PMCID: PMC4780002 DOI: 10.1038/srep22744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Decidualization is an essential step in the establishment of pregnancy. However, the functional contributions of long intergenic noncoding RNAs (LincRNAs) to decidualization have not been explored. To explore the regulation and role of LincRNAs during human decidualization, human endometrial stromal cells (HESCs) are induced to undergo in vitro decidualization by treating with estradiol-17β, db-cAMP and medroxyprogesterone acetate. LINC00473 (LINC473) expression is highly induced in HESCs after decidual stimulus. We found that cAMP-PKA pathway regulates the expression of LINC473 through IL-11-mediated STAT3 phosphorylation. RNA interference-mediated down-regulation of LINC473 inhibits in vitro decidualization. These results suggested that LINC473 might be functionally required for human decidualization. This is the first report demonstrating the presence of LincRNA during human decidualization.
Collapse
|
26
|
Giacomini C, Mahajani S, Ruffilli R, Marotta R, Gasparini L. Lamin B1 protein is required for dendrite development in primary mouse cortical neurons. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 27:35-47. [PMID: 26510501 PMCID: PMC4694760 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-05-0307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lamin B1, a key component of the nuclear lamina, plays an important role in brain development and function. A duplication of the human lamin B1 (LMNB1) gene has been linked to adult-onset autosomal dominant leukodystrophy, and mouse and human loss-of-function mutations in lamin B1 are susceptibility factors for neural tube defects. In the mouse, experimental ablation of endogenous lamin B1 (Lmnb1) severely impairs embryonic corticogenesis. Here we report that in primary mouse cortical neurons, LMNB1 overexpression reduces axonal outgrowth, whereas deficiency of endogenous Lmnb1 results in aberrant dendritic development. In the absence of Lmnb1, both the length and complexity of dendrites are reduced, and their growth is unresponsive to KCl stimulation. This defective dendritic outgrowth stems from impaired ERK signaling. In Lmnb1-null neurons, ERK is correctly phosphorylated, but phospho-ERK fails to translocate to the nucleus, possibly due to delocalization of nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) at the nuclear envelope. Taken together, these data highlight a previously unrecognized role of lamin B1 in dendrite development of mouse cortical neurons through regulation of nuclear shuttling of specific signaling molecules and NPC distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Giacomini
- Molecular Neurodegeneration Lab, Neuroscience and Brain Technologies Department, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Sameehan Mahajani
- Molecular Neurodegeneration Lab, Neuroscience and Brain Technologies Department, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Roberta Ruffilli
- Electron Microscopy Lab, Nanochemistry Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Roberto Marotta
- Electron Microscopy Lab, Nanochemistry Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Laura Gasparini
- Molecular Neurodegeneration Lab, Neuroscience and Brain Technologies Department, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Paramonov VM, Mamaeva V, Sahlgren C, Rivero-Müller A. Genetically-encoded tools for cAMP probing and modulation in living systems. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:196. [PMID: 26441653 PMCID: PMC4569861 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular 3′-5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is one of the principal second messengers downstream of a manifold of signal transduction pathways, including the ones triggered by G protein-coupled receptors. Not surprisingly, biochemical assays for cAMP have been instrumental for basic research and drug discovery for decades, providing insights into cellular physiology and guiding pharmaceutical industry. However, despite impressive track record, the majority of conventional biochemical tools for cAMP probing share the same fundamental shortcoming—all the measurements require sample disruption for cAMP liberation. This common bottleneck, together with inherently low spatial resolution of measurements (as cAMP is typically analyzed in lysates of thousands of cells), underpin the ensuing limitations of the conventional cAMP assays: (1) genuine kinetic measurements of cAMP levels over time in a single given sample are unfeasible; (2) inability to obtain precise information on cAMP spatial distribution and transfer at subcellular levels, let alone the attempts to pinpoint dynamic interactions of cAMP and its effectors. At the same time, tremendous progress in synthetic biology over the recent years culminated in drastic refinement of our toolbox, allowing us not only to bypass the limitations of conventional assays, but to put intracellular cAMP life-span under tight control—something, that seemed scarcely attainable before. In this review article we discuss the main classes of modern genetically-encoded tools tailored for cAMP probing and modulation in living systems. We examine the capabilities and weaknesses of these different tools in the context of their operational characteristics and applicability to various experimental set-ups involving living cells, providing the guidance for rational selection of the best tools for particular needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeriy M Paramonov
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku , Turku, Finland ; Turku Center for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University , Turku, Finland
| | - Veronika Mamaeva
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen , Bergen, Norway
| | - Cecilia Sahlgren
- Turku Center for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University , Turku, Finland ; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology , Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Adolfo Rivero-Müller
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku , Turku, Finland ; Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Åbo Akademi University , Turku, Finland ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin , Lublin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hogan MF, Ravnskjaer K, Matsumura S, Huising MO, Hull RL, Kahn SE, Montminy M. Hepatic Insulin Resistance Following Chronic Activation of the CREB Coactivator CRTC2. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:25997-6006. [PMID: 26342077 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.679266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Under fasting conditions, increases in circulating concentrations of glucagon maintain glucose homeostasis via the induction of hepatic gluconeogenesis. Triggering of the cAMP pathway in hepatocytes stimulates the gluconeogenic program via the PKA-mediated phosphorylation of CREB and dephosphorylation of the cAMP-regulated CREB coactivators CRTC2 and CRTC3. In parallel, decreases in circulating insulin also increase gluconeogenic gene expression via the de-phosphorylation and activation of the forkhead transcription factor FOXO1. Hepatic gluconeogenesis is increased in insulin resistance where it contributes to the attendant hyperglycemia. Whether selective activation of the hepatic CREB/CRTC pathway is sufficient to trigger metabolic changes in other tissues is unclear, however. Modest hepatic expression of a phosphorylation-defective and therefore constitutively active CRTC2S171,275A protein increased gluconeogenic gene expression under fasting as well as feeding conditions. Circulating glucose concentrations were constitutively elevated in CRTC2S171,275A-expressing mice, leading to compensatory increases in circulating insulin concentrations that enhance FOXO1 phosphorylation. Despite accompanying decreases in FOXO1 activity, hepatic gluconeogenic gene expression remained elevated in CRTC2S171,275A mice, demonstrating that chronic increases in CRTC2 activity in the liver are indeed sufficient to promote hepatic insulin resistance and to disrupt glucose homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meghan F Hogan
- From the Peptide Biology Laboratories, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98108
| | - Kim Ravnskjaer
- From the Peptide Biology Laboratories, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Shigenobu Matsumura
- From the Peptide Biology Laboratories, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan, and
| | - Mark O Huising
- From the Peptide Biology Laboratories, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Rebecca L Hull
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98108
| | - Steven E Kahn
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98108
| | - Marc Montminy
- From the Peptide Biology Laboratories, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037,
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wu L, Zhao QS, Li TW, Li HY, Wang QB, Bi XY, Cai XK, Tang N. Yifei Xuanfei Jiangzhuo formula, a Chinese herbal decoction, improves memory impairment through inhibiting apoptosis and enhancing PKA/CREB signal transduction in rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:4273-4283. [PMID: 26094797 PMCID: PMC4526035 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis and the dysfunction of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA)/cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB) signaling pathway have a key role in memory impairment in vascular dementia (VaD), a challenging clinical problem. Yifei Xuanfei Jiangzhuo formula (YXJF), a Chinese herbal decoction, has been used to treat VaD in clinical practice and has produced positive outcomes; however, convincing evidence is currently lacking. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of YXJF on memory impairment in rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion and to explore the underlying mechanism. YXJF ameliorated memory impairment in rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, inhibited hippocampal apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner and attenuated increases in the protein expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)-associated X protein as well as c-Jun and a reduction in Bcl-2 protein expression in the hippocampal tissue of the rats. Furthermore, administration of YXJF significantly increased the protein expression of PKA C-α and CREB, and promoted CREB phosphorylation. The results indicated that YXJF improves memory impairment through inhibiting apoptosis and enhancing PKA/CREB signal transduction in rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wu
- Guangxi Scientific Experimental Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Shan Zhao
- Graduate School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China
| | - Tian-Wei Li
- Guangxi Scientific Experimental Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Yuan Li
- Guangxi Scientific Experimental Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Bi Wang
- Guangxi Scientific Experimental Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Ya Bi
- Guangxi Scientific Experimental Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Kun Cai
- Guangxi Scientific Experimental Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, P.R. China
| | - Nong Tang
- Guangxi Scientific Experimental Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Dendritic geometry shapes neuronal cAMP signalling to the nucleus. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6319. [PMID: 25692798 PMCID: PMC4346624 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons have complex dendritic trees, receiving numerous inputs at various distances from the cell body. Yet the rules of molecular signal propagation from dendrites to nuclei are unknown. DARPP-32 is a phosphorylation-regulated signalling hub in striatal output neurons. We combine diffusion-reaction modelling and live imaging to investigate cAMP-activated DARPP-32 signalling to the nucleus. The model predicts maximal effects on the nucleus of cAMP production in secondary dendrites, due to segmental decrease of dendrite diameter. Variations in branching, perikaryon size or spines have less pronounced effects. Biosensor kinase activity measurement following cAMP or dopamine uncaging confirms these predictions. Histone 3 phosphorylation, regulated by this pathway, is best stimulated by cAMP released in secondary-like dendrites. Thus, unexpectedly, the efficacy of diffusion-based signalling from dendrites to nucleus is not inversely proportional to the distance. We suggest a general mechanism by which dendritic geometry counterbalances the effect of dendritic distance for signalling to the nucleus.
Collapse
|
31
|
Exemestane blocks mesothelioma growth through downregulation of cAMP, pCREB and CD44 implicating new treatment option in patients affected by this disease. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:69. [PMID: 24655565 PMCID: PMC3976636 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent evidence suggests that aromatase may be involved in the pathogenesis of malignant mesothelioma. Here, we evaluated the effect of exemestane, an inhibitor of aromatase, in the treatment of mesothelioma using in vitro and in vivo preclinical models. Results We show a significant reduction of cell proliferation, survival, migration and block of cells in S phase of cell cycle in mesothelioma cells upon exemestane treatment. Moreover, we find that CD44, which is involved in mesothelioma cells migration, was modulated by exemestane via cAMP and pCREB. Most importantly, in mice mesothelioma xenograft exemestane causes a significant decrease in tumor size and the association pemetrexed/exemestane is more effective than pemetrexed/cisplatin. Conclusion The preclinical mesothelioma model suggests that exemestane might be beneficial in mesothelioma treatment.
Collapse
|
32
|
Azeloglu EU, Hardy SV, Eungdamrong NJ, Chen Y, Jayaraman G, Chuang PY, Fang W, Xiong H, Neves SR, Jain MR, Li H, Ma’ayan A, Gordon RE, He JC, Iyengar R. Interconnected network motifs control podocyte morphology and kidney function. Sci Signal 2014; 7:ra12. [PMID: 24497609 PMCID: PMC4220789 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2004621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Podocytes are kidney cells with specialized morphology that is required for glomerular filtration. Diseases, such as diabetes, or drug exposure that causes disruption of the podocyte foot process morphology results in kidney pathophysiology. Proteomic analysis of glomeruli isolated from rats with puromycin-induced kidney disease and control rats indicated that protein kinase A (PKA), which is activated by adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP), is a key regulator of podocyte morphology and function. In podocytes, cAMP signaling activates cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) to enhance expression of the gene encoding a differentiation marker, synaptopodin, a protein that associates with actin and promotes its bundling. We constructed and experimentally verified a β-adrenergic receptor-driven network with multiple feedback and feedforward motifs that controls CREB activity. To determine how the motifs interacted to regulate gene expression, we mapped multicompartment dynamical models, including information about protein subcellular localization, onto the network topology using Petri net formalisms. These computational analyses indicated that the juxtaposition of multiple feedback and feedforward motifs enabled the prolonged CREB activation necessary for synaptopodin expression and actin bundling. Drug-induced modulation of these motifs in diseased rats led to recovery of normal morphology and physiological function in vivo. Thus, analysis of regulatory motifs using network dynamics can provide insights into pathophysiology that enable predictions for drug intervention strategies to treat kidney disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evren U. Azeloglu
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Simon V. Hardy
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Narat John Eungdamrong
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Yibang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Gomathi Jayaraman
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Peter Y. Chuang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Wei Fang
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Huabao Xiong
- Immunobiology Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Susana R. Neves
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Systems Biology Center New York, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Mohit R. Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Advanced Proteomics Research, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey–New Jersey Medical School Cancer Center, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Advanced Proteomics Research, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey–New Jersey Medical School Cancer Center, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Avi Ma’ayan
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ronald E. Gordon
- Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - John Cijiang He
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ravi Iyengar
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Systems Biology Center New York, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ren X, Rizavi HS, Khan MA, Bhaumik R, Dwivedi Y, Pandey GN. Alteration of cyclic-AMP response element binding protein in the postmortem brain of subjects with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. J Affect Disord 2014; 152-154:326-33. [PMID: 24148789 PMCID: PMC3878615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormalities of cyclic-AMP (cAMP) response element binding protein (CREB) function has been suggested in bipolar (BP) illness and schizophrenia (SZ), based on both indirect and direct evidence. To further elucidate the role of CREB in these disorders, we studied CREB expression and function in two brain areas implicated in these disorders, i.e., dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and cingulate gyrus (CG). METHODS We determined CREB protein expression using Western blot technique, CRE-DNA binding using gel shift assay, and mRNA expression using real-time RT-polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in DLPFC and CG of the postmortem brain of BP (n=19), SZ (n=20), and normal control (NC, n=20) subjects. RESULTS We observed that CREB protein and mRNA expression and CRE-DNA binding activity were significantly decreased in the nuclear fraction of DLPFC and CG obtained from BP subjects compared with NC subjects. However, the protein and mRNA expression and CRE-DNA binding in SZ subjects was significantly decreased in CG, but not in DLPFC, compared with NC. CONCLUSION These studies thus indicate region-specific abnormalities of CREB expression and function in both BP and SZ. They suggest that abnormalities of CREB in CG may be associated with both BP and SZ, but its abnormality in DLPFC is specific to BP illness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinguo Ren
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Psychiatry, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ravnskjaer K, Hogan MF, Lackey D, Tora L, Dent SYR, Olefsky J, Montminy M. Glucagon regulates gluconeogenesis through KAT2B- and WDR5-mediated epigenetic effects. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:4318-28. [PMID: 24051374 DOI: 10.1172/jci69035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating pancreatic glucagon is increased during fasting and maintains glucose balance by stimulating hepatic gluconeogenesis. Glucagon triggering of the cAMP pathway upregulates the gluconeogenic program through the phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and the dephosphorylation of the CREB coactivator CRTC2. Hormonal and nutrient signals are also thought to modulate gluconeogenic gene expression by promoting epigenetic changes that facilitate assembly of the transcriptional machinery. However, the nature of these modifications is unclear. Using mouse models and in vitro assays, we show that histone H3 acetylation at Lys 9 (H3K9Ac) was elevated over gluconeogenic genes and contributed to increased hepatic glucose production during fasting and in diabetes. Dephosphorylation of CRTC2 promoted increased H3K9Ac through recruitment of the lysine acetyltransferase 2B (KAT2B) and WD repeat-containing protein 5 (WDR5), a core subunit of histone methyltransferase (HMT) complexes. KAT2B and WDR5 stimulated the gluconeogenic program through a self-reinforcing cycle, whereby increases in H3K9Ac further potentiated CRTC2 occupancy at CREB binding sites. Depletion of KAT2B or WDR5 decreased gluconeogenic gene expression, consequently breaking the cycle. Administration of a small-molecule KAT2B antagonist lowered circulating blood glucose concentrations in insulin resistance, suggesting that this enzyme may be a useful target for diabetes treatment.
Collapse
|
35
|
Lopez TP, Fan CM. Dynamic CREB family activity drives segmentation and posterior polarity specification in mammalian somitogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:E2019-27. [PMID: 23671110 PMCID: PMC3670316 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1222115110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The segmented body plan of vertebrates is prefigured by reiterated embryonic mesodermal structures called somites. In the mouse embryo, timely somite formation from the presomitic mesoderm (PSM) is controlled by the "segmentation clock," a molecular oscillator that triggers progressive waves of Notch activity throughout the PSM. Notch clock activity is suppressed in the posterior PSM by FGF signaling until it crosses a determination front at which its net activity is sufficiently high to effect segmentation. Here, Notch and Wnt signaling directs somite anterior/posterior (A/P) polarity specification and boundary formation via regulation of the segmentation effector gene Mesoderm posterior 2. How Notch and Wnt signaling becomes coordinated at this front is incompletely defined. Here we show that the activity of the cAMP responsive element binding protein (CREB) family of transcription factors exhibits Wnt3a-dependent oscillatory behavior near the determination front and is in unison with Notch activity. Inhibition of CREB family in the mesoderm causes defects in somite segmentation and a loss in somite posterior polarity leading to fusions of vertebrae and ribs. Among the CREB family downstream genes, several are known to be regulated by Wnt3a. Of those, we show that the CREB family occupies a conserved binding site in the promoter region of Delta-like 1, encoding a Notch ligand, in the anterior PSM as a mechanism to specify posterior identity of somites. Together, these data support that the CREB family acts at the determination front to modulate Wnt signaling and strengthen Notch signaling as a means to orchestrate cells for somite segmentation and anterior/posterior patterning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T. Peter Lopez
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218; and
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Chen-Ming Fan
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218; and
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Baltimore, MD 21218
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Liu RY, Zhang Y, Baxter DA, Smolen P, Cleary LJ, Byrne JH. Deficit in long-term synaptic plasticity is rescued by a computationally predicted stimulus protocol. J Neurosci 2013; 33:6944-9. [PMID: 23595752 PMCID: PMC3690371 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0643-13.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding CREB-binding protein (CBP) cause deficits in long-term plasticity, learning, and memory. Here, long-term synaptic facilitation (LTF) at Aplysia sensorimotor synapses in cell culture was used as a model system to investigate methods for overcoming deficits in LTF produced by a CBP knockdown. Injecting CBP-siRNA into individual sensory neurons reduced CBP levels and impaired LTF produced by a standard protocol of five 5-min pulses of serotonin (5-HT) delivered at 20 min interstimulus intervals. A computational model, which simulated molecular processes underlying LTF induction, predicted a rescue protocol of five pulses of 5-HT at non-uniform interstimulus intervals that overcame the consequences of reduced CBP and restored LTF. These results suggest that complementary empirical and computational studies can identify methods for ameliorating impairments of learning attributable to molecular lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Yu Liu
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, W. M. Keck Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Yili Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, W. M. Keck Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Douglas A. Baxter
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, W. M. Keck Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Paul Smolen
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, W. M. Keck Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Leonard J. Cleary
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, W. M. Keck Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - John H. Byrne
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, W. M. Keck Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Muschamp JW, Carlezon WA. Roles of nucleus accumbens CREB and dynorphin in dysregulation of motivation. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2013; 3:a012005. [PMID: 23293139 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a012005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Psychostimulants such as amphetamine and cocaine are believed to produce dependence by causing rapid, supraphysiological elevations in synaptic dopamine (DA) within the nucleus accumbens (NAc) (Volkow et al. 2009, Neuropharmacology 56: 3-8). These changes in forebrain DA transmission are similar to those evoked by natural reinforcers (Louilot et al. 1991, Brain Res 553: 313-317; Roitman et al. 2004, J Neurosci 24: 1265-1271), but are of greater magnitude and longer duration. Repeated drug exposure causes compensatory neuroadaptations in neurons of the NAc, some of which may modulate excess DA in a homeostatic fashion. One such adaptation is the activation of the transcription factor CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein) within neurons of the NAc. Although elevated levels of transcriptionally active CREB appear to attenuate DA transmission by increasing expression of the endogenous κ opioid receptor (KOR) ligand dynorphin, increased dynorphin transmission may ultimately have undesirable effects that contribute to drug withdrawal states as well as comorbid psychiatric illnesses such as depression. This state may prompt a return to drug use to mitigate the adverse effects of withdrawal. This article summarizes our current understanding of how CREB and dynorphin contribute to the dysregulation of motivation and describes novel therapeutic strategies that derive from preclinical research in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John W Muschamp
- Behavioral Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts 02478, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Evans JJ, Wilkinson TM, Wall DJN. A Two-Pathway Mathematical Model of the LH Response to GnRH that Predicts Self-Priming. Int J Endocrinol 2013; 2013:410348. [PMID: 24319456 PMCID: PMC3844275 DOI: 10.1155/2013/410348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
An acute response of LH to a stimulatory pulse of GnRH is modelled as a result of a pathway (Pathway I) that consists of two compartments including a single (rate limiting) intermediate. In addition, a second pathway (Pathway II) was added, consisting of an intermediate transcription factor and subsequently a synthesised protein. Pathway II had a delayed effect on LH release due to the time taken to produce the intermediate protein. The model included synergism between these two pathways, which yielded an augmented response. The model accounts for a number of observations, including GnRH self-priming and the biphasic pattern of LH response. The same model was used to fit the data of the LH response when gonadotrophs responded to the addition of oxytocin in the response with a shoulder on the profile. Pathway I is able to be conceptualised as the basic Ca(2+)-mediated pathway. Pathway II contains features characteristic of the cAMP-mediated pathway. Thus, we have provided an explanation for details of the nature of the profile of LH secretion and additionally enabled incorporation of cAMP in an integrating model. The study investigated the possibility of two interacting pathways being at the basis of both the shoulder on the LH surges and self-priming, and the model illustrates that this appears to be highly likely.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. J. Evans
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanoengineering, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
- *J. J. Evans:
| | - T. M. Wilkinson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Biomathematics Research Centre, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - D. J. N. Wall
- Biomathematics Research Centre, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Department of Mathematics, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Matamales M. Neuronal activity-regulated gene transcription: how are distant synaptic signals conveyed to the nucleus? F1000Res 2012; 1:69. [PMID: 24327840 PMCID: PMC3752646 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.1-69.v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic activity can trigger gene expression programs that are required for the stable change of neuronal properties, a process that is essential for learning and memory. Currently, it is still unclear how the stimulation of dendritic synapses can be coupled to transcription in the nucleus in a timely way given that large distances can separate these two cellular compartments. Although several mechanisms have been proposed to explain long distance communication between synapses and the nucleus, the possible co-existence of these models and their relevance in physiological conditions remain elusive. One model suggests that synaptic activation triggers the translocation to the nucleus of certain transcription regulators localised at postsynaptic sites that function as synapto-nuclear messengers. Alternatively, it has been hypothesised that synaptic activity initiates propagating regenerative intracellular calcium waves that spread through dendrites into the nucleus where nuclear transcription machinery is thereby regulated. It has also been postulated that membrane depolarisation of voltage-gated calcium channels on the somatic membrane is sufficient to increase intracellular calcium concentration and activate transcription without the need for transported signals from distant synapses. Here I provide a critical overview of the suggested mechanisms for coupling synaptic stimulation to transcription, the underlying assumptions behind them and their plausible physiological significance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Matamales
- Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Mima A, Hiraoka-Yamomoto J, Li Q, Kitada M, Li C, Geraldes P, Matsumoto M, Mizutani K, Park K, Cahill C, Nishikawa SI, Rask-Madsen C, King GL. Protective effects of GLP-1 on glomerular endothelium and its inhibition by PKCβ activation in diabetes. Diabetes 2012; 61:2967-79. [PMID: 22826029 PMCID: PMC3478518 DOI: 10.2337/db11-1824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
To characterize glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 signaling and its effect on renal endothelial dysfunction and glomerulopathy. We studied the expression and signaling of GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) on glomerular endothelial cells and the novel finding of protein kinase A-dependent phosphorylation of c-Raf at Ser259 and its inhibition of angiotensin II (Ang II) phospho-c-Raf(Ser338) and Erk1/2 phosphorylation. Mice overexpressing protein kinase C (PKC)β2 in endothelial cells (EC-PKCβ2Tg) were established. Ang II and GLP-1 actions in glomerular endothelial cells were analyzed with small interfering RNA of GLP-1R. PKCβ isoform activation induced by diabetes decreased GLP-1R expression and protective action on the renal endothelium by increasing its degradation via ubiquitination and enhancing phospho-c-Raf(Ser338) and Ang II activation of phospho-Erk1/2. EC-PKCβ2Tg mice exhibited decreased GLP-1R expression and increased phospho-c-Raf(Ser338), leading to enhanced effects of Ang II. Diabetic EC-PKCβ2Tg mice exhibited greater loss of endothelial GLP-1R expression and exendin-4-protective actions and exhibited more albuminuria and mesangial expansion than diabetic controls. These results showed that the renal protective effects of GLP-1 were mediated via the inhibition of Ang II actions on cRaf(Ser259) and diminished by diabetes because of PKCβ activation and the increased degradation of GLP-1R in the glomerular endothelial cells.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II/metabolism
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Diabetic Nephropathies/prevention & control
- Endothelium/drug effects
- Endothelium/enzymology
- Endothelium/metabolism
- Endothelium/pathology
- Exenatide
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Glucagon-Like Peptide 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Glucagon-Like Peptide 1/genetics
- Glucagon-Like Peptide 1/metabolism
- Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor
- Hypoglycemic Agents/antagonists & inhibitors
- Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use
- Kidney Glomerulus/drug effects
- Kidney Glomerulus/enzymology
- Kidney Glomerulus/metabolism
- Kidney Glomerulus/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Peptides/antagonists & inhibitors
- Peptides/therapeutic use
- Peptides/toxicity
- Protein Kinase C/chemistry
- Protein Kinase C/genetics
- Protein Kinase C/metabolism
- Protein Kinase C beta
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf/metabolism
- RNA Interference
- Receptors, Glucagon/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Glucagon/genetics
- Receptors, Glucagon/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Tissue Culture Techniques
- Venoms/therapeutic use
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Mima
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Junko Hiraoka-Yamomoto
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Qian Li
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Munehiro Kitada
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chenzhong Li
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Pedro Geraldes
- Department of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Motonobu Matsumoto
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Koji Mizutani
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kyoungmin Park
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christopher Cahill
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shin-Ichi Nishikawa
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Japan
| | - Christian Rask-Madsen
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - George L. King
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Corresponding author: George L. King,
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Li J, Mao G, Xia G. FSH modulates PKAI and GPR3 activities in mouse oocyte of COC in a gap junctional communication (GJC)-dependent manner to initiate meiotic resumption. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37835. [PMID: 23028418 PMCID: PMC3441574 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have shown that cyclic adenosine-5′-monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) and G-protein-coupled receptor 3 (GPR3) are crucial for controlling meiotic arrest in oocytes. However, it is unclear how gonadotropins modulate these factors to regulate oocyte maturation, especially by gap junctional communication (GJC). Using an in vitro meiosis-arrested mouse cumulus-oocyte complex (COC) culture model, we showed that there is a close relationship between follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and the PKA type I (PKAI) and GPR3. The effect of FSH on oocyte maturation was biphasic, initially inhibitory and then stimulatory. During FSH-induced maturation, rapid cAMP surges were observed in both cumulus cells and oocyte. Most GJC between cumulus cells and oocyte ceased immediately after FSH stimulation and recommenced after the cAMP surge. FSH-induced maturation was blocked by PKAI activator 8-AHA-cAMP. Levels of PKAI regulatory subunits and GPR3 decreased and increased, respectively, after FSH stimulation. In the presence of the GJC inhibitor carbenoxolone (CBX), FSH failed to induce the meiotic resumption and the changes in PKAI, GPR3 and cAMP surge in oocyte were no longer detected. Furthermore, GPR3 was upregulated by high cAMP levels, but not by PKAI activation. When applied after FSH stimulation, the specific phosphodiesterase 3A (PDE3A) inhibitor cilostamide immediately blocked meiotic induction, regardless of when it was administered. PKAI activation inhibited mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation in the oocytes of COCs, which participated in the initiation of FSH-induced meiotic maturation in vitro. Just before FSH-induced meiotic maturation, cAMP, PKAI, and GPR3 returned to basal levels, and PDE3A activity and MAPK phosphorylation increased markedly. These experiments show that FSH induces a transient increase in cAMP levels and regulates GJC to control PKAI and GPR3 activities, thereby creating an inhibitory phase. After PDE3A and MAPK activities increase, meiosis resumes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guoliang Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Learning and nicotine interact to increase CREB phosphorylation at the jnk1 promoter in the hippocampus. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39939. [PMID: 22761932 PMCID: PMC3386232 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotine is known to enhance long-term hippocampus dependent learning and memory in both rodents and humans via its activity at nicotinic acetylcholinergic receptors (nAChRs). However, the molecular basis for the nicotinic modulation of learning is incompletely understood. Both the mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) are known to be integral to the consolidation of long-term memory and the disruption of MAPKs and CREB are known to abrogate some of the cognitive effects of nicotine. In addition, the acquisition of contextual fear conditioning in the presence of nicotine is associated with a β2-subunit containing nAChR-dependent increase in jnk1 (mapk8) transcription in the hippocampus. In the present study, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) was used to examine whether learning and nicotine interact to alter transcription factor binding or histone acetylation at the jnk1 promoter region. The acquisition of contextual fear conditioning in the presence of nicotine resulted in an increase in phosphorylated CREB (pCREB) binding to the jnk1 promoter in the hippocampus in a β2-subunit containing nAChR dependent manner, but had no effect on CREB binding; neither fear conditioning alone nor nicotine administration alone altered transcription factor binding to the jnk1 promoter. In addition, there were no changes in histone H3 or H4 acetylation at the jnk1 promoter following fear conditioning in the presence of nicotine. These results suggest that contextual fear learning and nicotine administration act synergistically to produce a unique pattern of protein activation and gene transcription in the hippocampus that is not individually generated by fear conditioning or nicotine administration alone.
Collapse
|
43
|
McCarthy MJ, Duchemin AM, Neff NH, Hadjiconstantinou M. CREB involvement in the regulation of striatal prodynorphin by nicotine. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2012; 221:143-53. [PMID: 22086359 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-011-2559-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The transcription factor cAMP response element binding (CREB) protein plays a pivotal role in drug-dependent neuronal plasticity. CREB phosphorylation at Ser133 is enhanced by drugs of abuse, including nicotine. Dynorphin (Dyn) contributes to the addictive process and its precursor gene prodynorphin (PD) is regulated by CREB. PD mRNA and Dyn synthesis were enhanced in the striatum following acute nicotine, suggesting genomic regulation. OBJECTIVE These studies investigated PD transcription in mice acutely treated with nicotine, determined the role of CREB, and characterized the receptors involved. RESULTS Acute nicotine increased adenylyl cyclase activity, cAMP, and pCREB Ser133 levels in striatum and enhanced CREB binding to CRE elements (DynCREs) of the PD promoter, preferentially DynCRE3. DynCRE3 binding was dose dependent with 1 mg of nicotine giving a maximal response. Additionally, DynCRE binding was time dependent, rising by 15 min, reaching a maximum at 1 h, and returning to control by 3 h, a temporal pattern similar to that of cAMP and pCREB. Supershift experiments showed that CREB and pCREB Ser133 were the major contributors to DynCRE3 binding complex. The nAChR antagonist mecamylamine and the dopamine D1-like receptor antagonist SCH 23390 prevented the nicotine-induced increase of pCREB and nuclear protein binding to DynCRE3. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that nicotine regulates PD expression in striatum at the transcriptional level and CREB is involved. Dopamine D1 receptor stimulation by nAChR-released dopamine appears to be an underlying mechanism. Altered Dyn synthesis might be relevant for the behavioral actions of nicotine and especially its aversive properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J McCarthy
- Department of Psychiatry, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Sample V, DiPilato LM, Yang JH, Ni Q, Saucerman JJ, Zhang J. Regulation of nuclear PKA revealed by spatiotemporal manipulation of cyclic AMP. Nat Chem Biol 2012; 8:375-82. [PMID: 22366721 PMCID: PMC3307945 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Understanding how specific cAMP signals are organized and relayed to their effectors in different compartments of the cell to achieve functional specificity requires molecular tools that allow precise manipulation of cAMP in these compartments. Here we characterize a new method using bicarbonate-activatable and genetically targetable soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) to control the location, kinetics and magnitude of the cAMP signal. Using this live-cell cAMP manipulation in conjunction with fluorescence imaging and mechanistic modeling, we uncover the activation of a resident pool of PKA holoenzyme in the nuclei of HEK-293 cells, modifying the existing dogma of cAMP-PKA signaling in the nucleus. Furthermore, we show that phosphodiesterases (PDE) and A-Kinase Anchoring Proteins (AKAP) are critical in shaping nuclear PKA responses. Collectively, our data suggests a new model where AKAP-localized PDEs tune an activation threshold for nuclear PKA holoenzyme, thereby converting spatially distinct second messenger signals to temporally controlled nuclear kinase activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vedangi Sample
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Rexach JE, Clark PM, Mason DE, Neve RL, Peters EC, Hsieh-Wilson LC. Dynamic O-GlcNAc modification regulates CREB-mediated gene expression and memory formation. Nat Chem Biol 2012; 8:253-61. [PMID: 22267118 PMCID: PMC3288555 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor CREB is a key regulator of many neuronal processes, including brain development, circadian rhythm, and long-term memory. Studies of CREB have focused on its phosphorylation, although the diversity of CREB functions in the brain suggests additional forms of regulation. Here we expand on a chemoenzymatic strategy for quantifying glycosylation stoichiometries to characterize the functional roles of CREB glycosylation in neurons. We show that CREB is dynamically O-GlcNAc-modified in response to neuronal activity and glycosylation represses CREB-dependent transcription by impairing its association with the co-activator CRTC/TORC. Blocking glycosylation of CREB altered cellular function and behavioral plasticity, enhancing both axonal and dendritic growth and long-term memory consolidation. Our findings demonstrate a new role for O-glycosylation in memory formation and provide a mechanistic understanding of how glycosylation contributes to critical neuronal functions. Moreover, we identify a previously unknown mechanism for the regulation of activity-dependent gene expression, neural development, and memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Rexach
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Role of transcription factor modifications in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES RESEARCH 2011; 2012:716425. [PMID: 22110478 PMCID: PMC3205681 DOI: 10.1155/2012/716425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by fat accumulation in the liver not due to alcohol abuse. NAFLD is accompanied by variety of symptoms related to metabolic syndrome. Although the metabolic link between NAFLD and insulin resistance is not fully understood, it is clear that NAFLD is one of the main cause of insulin resistance. NAFLD is shown to affect the functions of other organs, including pancreas, adipose tissue, muscle and inflammatory systems. Currently efforts are being made to understand molecular mechanism of interrelationship between NAFLD and insulin resistance at the transcriptional level with specific focus on post-translational modification (PTM) of transcription factors. PTM of transcription factors plays a key role in controlling numerous biological events, including cellular energy metabolism, cell-cycle progression, and organ development. Cell type- and tissue-specific reversible modifications include lysine acetylation, methylation, ubiquitination, and SUMOylation. Moreover, phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation on serine and threonine residues have been shown to affect protein stability, subcellular distribution, DNA-binding affinity, and transcriptional activity. PTMs of transcription factors involved in insulin-sensitive tissues confer specific adaptive mechanisms in response to internal or external stimuli. Our understanding of the interplay between these modifications and their effects on transcriptional regulation is growing. Here, we summarize the diverse roles of PTMs in insulin-sensitive tissues and their involvement in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance.
Collapse
|
47
|
Hill SJ, Williams C, May LT. Insights into GPCR pharmacology from the measurement of changes in intracellular cyclic AMP; advantages and pitfalls of differing methodologies. Br J Pharmacol 2011; 161:1266-75. [PMID: 21049583 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00779.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
It is clear that the G protein-coupled receptor family play a key role in the pharmaceutical industry, with a significant proportion of approved drugs targeting this protein class. While our growing understanding of the complexity of G protein-coupled receptor pharmacology is playing a key role in the future success of these endeavours, with allosteric mechanisms now well integrated into the industrial community and G protein-independent signalling mechanisms establishing themselves as novel phenomenon to be exploited, it is still possible to underestimate the complexity of G protein signal transduction mechanisms and the impact that inappropriate study of these mechanisms can have on data interpretation. In this manuscript we review different approaches to measuring the cAMP signal transduction pathway, with particular emphasis on key parameters influencing the data quality and biological relevance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Hill
- Institute of Cell Signalling, School of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Wood MA, Mukherjee P, Toocheck CA, Walker WH. Upstream stimulatory factor induces Nr5a1 and Shbg gene expression during the onset of rat Sertoli cell differentiation. Biol Reprod 2011; 85:965-76. [PMID: 21734262 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.111.093013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the testis, each Sertoli cell can support a finite number of developing germ cells. During development, the cessation of Sertoli cell proliferation and the onset of differentiation establish the final number of Sertoli cells and, thus, the total number of sperm that can be produced. The upstream stimulatory factors 1 and 2 (USF1 and USF2, respectively) differentially regulate numerous Sertoli cell genes during differentiation. To identify genes that are activated by USF proteins during differentiation, studies were conducted in Sertoli cells isolated from 5- and 11-day-old rats, representing proliferating and differentiating cells, respectively. Usf1 mRNA and USF1 protein levels were increased between 5 and 11 days after birth. In vitro studies revealed that USF1 and USF2 DNA-binding activity also increased at 11 days for the promoters of four potential target genes, Fshr, Gata4, Nr5a1, and Shbg. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays confirmed that USF recruitment increased in vivo between 5 and 11 days after birth at the Fshr, Gata4, and Nr5a1 promoters. Expression of Nr5a1 and Shbg, but not of Fshr or Gata4, mRNAs was elevated in 11-day-old Sertoli cells compared with 5-day-old Sertoli cells. Transient transfection of USF1 and USF2 expression vectors up-regulated Nr5a1 and Shbg promoter activity. RNA interference assays demonstrated that USF1 and USF2 contribute to Nr5a1 and Shbg expression in differentiating cells. Together, these data indicate that increased USF levels induce the expression of Nr5a1 and Shbg during the differentiation of Sertoli cells, whereas Fshr and Gata4 expression is not altered by USF proteins during differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A Wood
- Center for Research in Reproductive Physiology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproduction Services, Magee Women's Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Altarejos JY, Montminy M. CREB and the CRTC co-activators: sensors for hormonal and metabolic signals. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2011; 12:141-51. [PMID: 21346730 DOI: 10.1038/nrm3072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 735] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB) is phosphorylated in response to a wide variety of signals, yet target gene transcription is only increased in a subset of cases. Recent studies indicate that CREB functions in concert with a family of latent cytoplasmic co-activators called cAMP-regulated transcriptional co-activators (CRTCs), which are activated through dephosphorylation. A dual requirement for CREB phosphorylation and CRTC dephosphorylation is likely to explain how these activator-co-activator cognates discriminate between different stimuli. Following their activation, CREB and CRTCs mediate the effects of fasting and feeding signals on the expression of metabolic programmes in insulin-sensitive tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judith Y Altarejos
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute at Lake Nona, 6400 Sanger Road, Orlando, Florida 32827, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Depoix C, Tee MK, Taylor RN. Molecular regulation of human placental growth factor (PlGF) gene expression in placental villi and trophoblast cells is mediated via the protein kinase a pathway. Reprod Sci 2010; 18:219-28. [PMID: 21135203 DOI: 10.1177/1933719110389337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a critical second messenger for human trophoblasts and regulates the expression of numerous genes. It is known to stimulate in vitro the fusion and differentiation of BeWo choriocarcinoma cells, which acquire characteristics of syncytiotrophoblasts. A DNA microarray analysis of BeWo cells undergoing forskolin-induced syncytialization revealed that among the induced genes, placental growth factor (PlGF) was 10-fold upregulated. We verified this result in two choriocarcinoma cell lines, BeWo and JEG-3, and also in first trimester placental villous explants by quantifying PlGF mRNA (real time PCR) and PlGF protein secreted into the supernatant (ELISA). Similar effects were noted for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA and protein expression. Treatment with cholera toxin and the use of a specific inhibitor of protein kinase A (PKA) blocked these effects, indicating that the cAMP/PKA pathway is responsible for the cAMP-induced upregulation of PlGF and that one or more G protein coupled receptor(s) was involved. We identified two functional cAMP responsive elements (CRE) in the PlGF promoter and demonstrated that the CRE binding protein, CREB, contributes to the regulation of PlGF gene expression. We speculate that defects in this signaling pathway may lead to abnormal secretion of PlGF protein as observed in the pregnancy-related diseases preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Depoix
- Laboratoire d'obstétrique, Université Catholique de Louvain-Bruxelles, Belgium
| | | | | |
Collapse
|