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Liu Y, Hu K, Jian L, Duan Y, Zhang M, Kuang Y. Comparison between super-responders and non-super-responders in psoriasis under adalimumab treatment: a real-life cohort study on the effectiveness and drug survival over one-year. J DERMATOL TREAT 2024; 35:2331782. [PMID: 38513258 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2024.2331782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data on the characteristics and treatment outcomes of super-responders and non-super-responders in psoriasis under adalimumab treatment are limited. METHODS A retrospective analysis from psoriatic patients treated with adalimumab was compared to characterize super-responders vs non-super-responders' groups, identify factors associated with super response, and assess treatment outcomes after switching. RESULTS 15 out of 70 (21.4%) patients were categorized as super-responder. The proportion of patients achieving a PASI 100 response was significantly higher in super-responders than non-super-responders at weeks 12, 24, and 52. Female sex and Charlson Co-morbidity Index were significantly associated with super-responders. A high level of high-density lipoprotein was independently associated with PASI 90 response at weeks 24 and 52. Additionally, nearly 35%-43% of non-super-responders switching to interleukin-17A (IL-17A) inhibitors may achieve a PASI 100 response at week 12. In contrast, all super-responders switching to IL-17A inhibitors achieved a PASI 100 response at week 4. CONCLUSIONS Super-responders treated with adalimumab have a higher rate of being female and fewer comorbidities. And super-responders have better PASI responses than non-super-responders, whether the patients were treated with adalimumab or switched to IL-17A inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhang Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha, China
- Furong Laboratory, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
- Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kun Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha, China
- Furong Laboratory, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
- Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lu Jian
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha, China
- Furong Laboratory, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
- Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yongfang Duan
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha, China
- Furong Laboratory, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
- Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mi Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha, China
- Furong Laboratory, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
- Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yehong Kuang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha, China
- Furong Laboratory, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
- Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, China
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2
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Winschel I, Willing A, Engler JB, Walkenhorst M, Meurs N, Binkle-Ladisch L, Woo MS, Pfeffer LK, Sonner JK, Borgmeyer U, Hagen SH, Grünhagel B, Claussen JM, Altfeld M, Friese MA. Sex- and species-specific contribution of CD99 to T cell costimulation during multiple sclerosis. Biol Sex Differ 2024; 15:41. [PMID: 38750588 PMCID: PMC11097467 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-024-00618-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differences in immune responses between women and men are leading to a strong sex bias in the incidence of autoimmune diseases that predominantly affect women, such as multiple sclerosis (MS). MS manifests in more than twice as many women, making sex one of the most important risk factor. However, it is incompletely understood which genes contribute to sex differences in autoimmune incidence. To address that, we conducted a gene expression analysis in female and male human spleen and identified the transmembrane protein CD99 as one of the most significantly differentially expressed genes with marked increase in men. CD99 has been reported to participate in immune cell transmigration and T cell regulation, but sex-specific implications have not been comprehensively investigated. METHODS In this study, we conducted a gene expression analysis in female and male human spleen using the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project dataset to identify differentially expressed genes between women and men. After successful validation on protein level of human immune cell subsets, we assessed hormonal regulation of CD99 as well as its implication on T cell regulation in primary human T cells and Jurkat T cells. In addition, we performed in vivo assays in wildtype mice and in Cd99-deficient mice to further analyze functional consequences of differential CD99 expression. RESULTS Here, we found higher CD99 gene expression in male human spleens compared to females and confirmed this expression difference on protein level on the surface of T cells and pDCs. Androgens are likely dispensable as the cause shown by in vitro assays and ex vivo analysis of trans men samples. In cerebrospinal fluid, CD99 was higher on T cells compared to blood. Of note, male MS patients had lower CD99 levels on CD4+ T cells in the CSF, unlike controls. By contrast, both sexes had similar CD99 expression in mice and Cd99-deficient mice showed equal susceptibility to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis compared to wildtypes. Functionally, CD99 increased upon human T cell activation and inhibited T cell proliferation after blockade. Accordingly, CD99-deficient Jurkat T cells showed decreased cell proliferation and cluster formation, rescued by CD99 reintroduction. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that CD99 is sex-specifically regulated in healthy individuals and MS patients and that it is involved in T cell costimulation in humans but not in mice. CD99 could potentially contribute to MS incidence and susceptibility in a sex-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Winschel
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anne Willing
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan Broder Engler
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mark Walkenhorst
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nina Meurs
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lars Binkle-Ladisch
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marcel S Woo
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lena Kristina Pfeffer
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jana K Sonner
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Borgmeyer
- Center of Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sven Hendrik Hagen
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Grünhagel
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Janna M Claussen
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Altfeld
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manuel A Friese
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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3
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Hermans L, O’Sullivan TE. No time to die: Epigenetic regulation of natural killer cell survival. Immunol Rev 2024; 323:61-79. [PMID: 38426615 PMCID: PMC11102341 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
NK cells are short-lived innate lymphocytes that can mediate antigen-independent responses to infection and cancer. However, studies from the past two decades have shown that NK cells can acquire transcriptional and epigenetic modifications during inflammation that result in increased survival and lifespan. These findings blur the lines between the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system, and suggest that the homeostatic mechanisms that govern the persistence of innate immune cells are malleable. Indeed, recent studies have shown that NK cells undergo continuous and strictly regulated adaptations controlling their survival during development, tissue residency, and following inflammation. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the critical factors regulating NK cell survival throughout their lifespan, with a specific emphasis on the epigenetic modifications that regulate the survival of NK cells in various contexts. A precise understanding of the molecular mechanisms that govern NK cell survival will be important to enhance therapies for cancer and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leen Hermans
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Timothy E. O’Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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4
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Liao TJ, Crosby L, Cross K, Chen M, Elespuru R. Medical device report analyses from MAUDE: Device and patient outcomes, adverse events, and sex-based differential effects. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 149:105591. [PMID: 38467236 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2024.105591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Post-market medical device-associated failures and patient problems are reported in Medical Device Reports (MDRs) to the US Food and Drug Administration. Reports are accessible through Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE), a database including both required and voluntary submissions. We present an overview of >10 million MDRs received from 2011 to 2021. Approximately 92% of reporting issues represent medical device physical or functional failures, categorized from 1704 codes related to medical device integrity or function. ∼8% were coded adverse events (AEs). Patient outcomes are reported via 998 patient codes in 19 medical specialties (cardiovascular, orthopedic, etc.). ∼40% of patient reports indicated "no health consequences"; however, a small number of devices had consistently high AE reports. While overall reports did not exhibit a sex-based dichotomy, ∼9% of the reported AEs occurred more frequently in females, many of which were related to immune effects. The analyses are subject to uncertainties and potential bias based on data available and data selected for analysis. However, such an overview of post-market MDR data, not previously published, fills a gap in understanding medical device issues and patient-based outcomes related to medical device use. Trends identified may be subjects of additional hypotheses, analysis, and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Jen Liao
- Office of Research, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Lynn Crosby
- Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | | | - Minjun Chen
- Office of Research, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Rosalie Elespuru
- Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA.
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5
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Nezhadmoghadam F, Tamez-Peña JG, Martinez-Ledesma E. Exploring the intersection of obesity and gender in COVID-19 outcomes in hospitalized Mexican patients: a comparative analysis of risk profiles using unsupervised machine learning. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1337432. [PMID: 38699419 PMCID: PMC11063238 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1337432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Obesity and gender play a critical role in shaping the outcomes of COVID-19 disease. These two factors have a dynamic relationship with each other, as well as other risk factors, which hinders interpretation of how they influence severity and disease progression. This work aimed to study differences in COVID-19 disease outcomes through analysis of risk profiles stratified by gender and obesity status. Methods This study employed an unsupervised clustering analysis, using Mexico's national COVID-19 hospitalization dataset, which contains demographic information and health outcomes of patients hospitalized due to COVID-19. Patients were segmented into four groups by obesity and gender, with participants' attributes and clinical outcome data described for each. Then, Consensus and PAM clustering methods were used to identify distinct risk profiles based on underlying patient characteristics. Risk profile discovery was completed on 70% of records, with the remaining 30% available for validation. Results Data from 88,536 hospitalized patients were analyzed. Obesity, regardless of gender, was linked with higher odds of hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, pneumonia, and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admissions. Men tended to have higher frequencies of ICU admissions and pneumonia and higher mortality rates than women. Within each of the four analysis groups (divided based on gender and obesity status), clustering analyses identified four to five distinct risk profiles. For example, among women with obesity, there were four profiles; those with a hypertensive profile were more likely to have pneumonia, and those with a diabetic profile were most likely to be admitted to the ICU. Conclusion Our analysis emphasizes the complex interplay between obesity, gender, and health outcomes in COVID-19 hospitalizations. The identified risk profiles highlight the need for personalized treatment strategies for COVID-19 patients and can assist in planning for patterns of deterioration in future waves of SARS-CoV-2 virus transmission. This research underscores the importance of tackling obesity as a major public health concern, given its interplay with many other health conditions, including infectious diseases such as COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emmanuel Martinez-Ledesma
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, The Institute for Obesity Research, Monterrey, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Mexico
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6
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Xu JC, Chen ZY, Huang XJ, Wu J, Huang H, Niu LF, Wang HL, Li JH, Lowrie DB, Hu Z, Lu SH, Fan XY. Multi-omics analysis reveals that linoleic acid metabolism is associated with variations of trained immunity induced by distinct BCG strains. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk8093. [PMID: 38578989 PMCID: PMC10997199 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk8093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Trained immunity is one of the mechanisms by which BCG vaccination confers persistent nonspecific protection against diverse diseases. Genomic differences between the different BCG vaccine strains that are in global use could result in variable protection against tuberculosis and therapeutic effects on bladder cancer. In this study, we found that four representative BCG strains (BCG-Russia, BCG-Sweden, BCG-China, and BCG-Pasteur) covering all four genetic clusters differed in their ability to induce trained immunity and nonspecific protection. The trained immunity induced by BCG was associated with the Akt-mTOR-HIF1α axis, glycolysis, and NOD-like receptor signaling pathway. Multi-omics analysis (epigenomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics) showed that linoleic acid metabolism was correlated with the trained immunity-inducing capacity of different BCG strains. Linoleic acid participated in the induction of trained immunity and could act as adjuvants to enhance BCG-induced trained immunity, revealing a trained immunity-inducing signaling pathway that could be used in the adjuvant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Chuan Xu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Yan Chen
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Jiao Huang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Wu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan Huang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Liang-Fei Niu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Ling Wang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Hui Li
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Douglas B. Lowrie
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhidong Hu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shui-hua Lu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Fan
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
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7
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Layug PJ, Vats H, Kannan K, Arsenio J. Sex differences in CD8 + T cell responses during adaptive immunity. WIREs Mech Dis 2024:e1645. [PMID: 38581141 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Biological sex is an important variable that influences the immune system's susceptibility to infectious and non-infectious diseases and their outcomes. Sex dimorphic features in innate and adaptive immune cells and their activities may help to explain sex differences in immune responses. T lymphocytes in the adaptive immune system are essential to providing protection against infectious and chronic inflammatory diseases. In this review, T cell responses are discussed with focus on the current knowledge of biological sex differences in CD8+ T cell mediated adaptive immune responses in infectious and chronic inflammatory diseases. Future directions aimed at investigating the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying sex differences in diverse T cell responses will continue to underscore the significance of understanding sex differences in protective immunity at the cellular level, to induce appropriate T cell-based immune responses in infection, autoimmunity, and cancer. This article is categorized under: Immune System Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Infectious Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Jerard Layug
- Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Harman Vats
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Kamali Kannan
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Janilyn Arsenio
- Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Gupta N, Somayajulu M, Gurdziel K, LoGrasso G, Aziz H, Rosati R, McClellan S, Pitchaikannu A, Santra M, Shukkur MFA, Stemmer P, Hazlett LD, Xu S. The miR-183/96/182 cluster regulates sensory innervation, resident myeloid cells and functions of the cornea through cell type-specific target genes. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7676. [PMID: 38561433 PMCID: PMC10985120 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58403-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The conserved miR-183/96/182 cluster (miR-183C) is expressed in both corneal resident myeloid cells (CRMCs) and sensory nerves (CSN) and modulates corneal immune/inflammatory responses. To uncover cell type-specific roles of miR-183C in CRMC and CSN and their contributions to corneal physiology, myeloid-specific miR-183C conditional knockout (MS-CKO), and sensory nerve-specific CKO (SNS-CKO) mice were produced and characterized in comparison to the conventional miR-183C KO. Immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy of flatmount corneas, corneal sensitivity, and tear volume assays were performed in young adult naïve mice; 3' RNA sequencing (Seq) and proteomics in the trigeminal ganglion (TG), cornea and CRMCs. Our results showed that, similar to conventional KO mice, the numbers of CRMCs were increased in both MS-CKO and SNS-CKO vs age- and sex-matched WT control littermates, suggesting intrinsic and extrinsic regulations of miR-183C on CRMCs. The number of CRMCs was increased in male vs female MS-CKO mice, suggesting sex-dependent regulation of miR-183C on CRMCs. In the miR-183C KO and SNS-CKO, but not the MS-CKO mice, CSN density was decreased in the epithelial layer of the cornea, but not the stromal layer. Functionally, corneal sensitivity and basal tear volume were reduced in the KO and SNS-CKO, but not the MS-CKO mice. Tear volume in males is consistently higher than female WT mice. Bioinformatic analyses of the transcriptomes revealed a series of cell-type specific target genes of miR-183C in TG sensory neurons and CRMCs. Our data elucidate that miR-183C imposes intrinsic and extrinsic regulation on the establishment and function of CSN and CRMCs by cell-specific target genes. miR-183C modulates corneal sensitivity and tear production through its regulation of corneal sensory innervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naman Gupta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 E Canfield Street, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Mallika Somayajulu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 E Canfield Street, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | | | - Giovanni LoGrasso
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 E Canfield Street, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Haidy Aziz
- School of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Rita Rosati
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Sharon McClellan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 E Canfield Street, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Ahalya Pitchaikannu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 E Canfield Street, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Manoranjan Santra
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 E Canfield Street, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Muhammed Farooq Abdul Shukkur
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 E Canfield Street, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Paul Stemmer
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Linda D Hazlett
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 E Canfield Street, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Shunbin Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 E Canfield Street, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
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9
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Huecksteadt TP, Myers EJ, Aamodt SE, Trivedi S, Warren KJ. An Evaluation of Type 1 Interferon Related Genes in Male and Female-Matched, SARS-CoV-2 Infected Individuals Early in the COVID-19 Pandemic. Viruses 2024; 16:472. [PMID: 38543837 PMCID: PMC10975322 DOI: 10.3390/v16030472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection has claimed just over 1.1 million lives in the US since 2020. Globally, the SARS-CoV-2 respiratory infection spread to 771 million people and caused mortality in 6.9 million individuals to date. Much of the early literature showed that SARS-CoV-2 immunity was defective in the early stages of the pandemic, leading to heightened and, sometimes, chronic inflammatory responses in the lungs. This lung-associated 'cytokine storm' or 'cytokine release syndrome' led to the need for oxygen supplementation, respiratory distress syndrome, and mechanical ventilation in a relatively high number of people. In this study, we evaluated circulating PBMC from non-hospitalized, male and female, COVID-19+ individuals over the course of infection, from the day of diagnosis (day 0) to one-week post diagnosis (day 7), and finally 4 weeks after diagnosis (day 28). In our early studies, we included hospitalized and critically care patient PBMC; however, most of these individuals were lymphopenic, which limited our assessments of their immune integrity. We chose a panel of 30 interferon-stimulated genes (ISG) to evaluate by PCR and completed flow analysis for immune populations present in those PBMC. Lastly, we assessed immune activation by stimulating PBMC with common TLR ligands. We identified changes in innate cells, primarily the innate lymphoid cells (ILC, NK cells) and adaptive immune cells (CD4+ and CD8+ T cells) over this time course of infection. We found that the TLR-7 agonist, Resiquimod, and the TLR-4 ligand, LPS, induced significantly better IFNα and IFNγ responses in the later phase (day 28) of SARS-CoV-2 infection in those non-hospitalized COVID-19+ individuals as compared to early infection (day 0 and day 7). We concluded that TLR-7 and TLR-4 agonists may be effective adjuvants in COVID-19 vaccines for mounting immunity that is long-lasting against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom P. Huecksteadt
- Salt Lake City VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA; (T.P.H.); (E.J.M.); (S.E.A.); (S.T.)
| | - Elizabeth J. Myers
- Salt Lake City VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA; (T.P.H.); (E.J.M.); (S.E.A.); (S.T.)
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Samuel E. Aamodt
- Salt Lake City VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA; (T.P.H.); (E.J.M.); (S.E.A.); (S.T.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Division, University of Utah Health Science Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Shubhanshi Trivedi
- Salt Lake City VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA; (T.P.H.); (E.J.M.); (S.E.A.); (S.T.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Division, University of Utah Health Science Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Kristi J. Warren
- Salt Lake City VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA; (T.P.H.); (E.J.M.); (S.E.A.); (S.T.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Division, University of Utah Health Science Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
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10
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Perlmutter JI, Chapman JR, Wilkinson MC, Nevarez-Saenz I, Unckless RL. A single amino acid polymorphism in natural Metchnikowin alleles of Drosophila results in systemic immunity and life history tradeoffs. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1011155. [PMID: 38466751 PMCID: PMC10957085 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are at the interface of interactions between hosts and microbes and are therefore expected to be rapidly evolving in a coevolutionary arms race with pathogens. In contrast, previous work demonstrated that insect AMPs tend to evolve more slowly than the genome average. Metchikowin (Mtk) is a Drosophila AMP that has a single amino acid residue that segregates as either proline (P) or arginine (R) in populations of four different species, some of which diverged more than 10 million years ago. These results suggest that there is a distinct functional importance to each allele. The most likely hypotheses are driven by two main questions: does each allele have a different efficacy against different specific pathogens (specificity hypothesis)? Or, is one allele a more potent antimicrobial, but with a host fitness cost (autoimmune hypothesis)? To assess their functional differences, we created D. melanogaster lines with the P allele, R allele, or Mtk null mutation using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing and performed a series of life history and infection assays to assess them. In males, testing of systemic immune responses to a repertoire of bacteria and fungi demonstrated that the R allele performs as well or better than the P and null alleles with most infections. Females show some results that contrast with males, with Mtk alleles either not contributing to survival or with the P allele outperforming the R allele. In addition, measurements of life history traits demonstrate that the R allele is more costly in the absence of infection for both sexes. These results are consistent with both the specificity hypothesis (either allele can perform better against certain pathogens depending on context), and the autoimmune hypothesis (the R allele is generally the more potent antimicrobial in males, and carries a fitness cost). These results provide strong in vivo evidence that differential fitness with or without infection and sex-based functional differences in alleles may be adaptive mechanisms of maintaining immune gene polymorphisms in contrast with expectations of rapid evolution. Therefore, a complex interplay of forces including pathogen species and host sex may lead to balancing selection for immune genotypes. Strikingly, this selection may act on even a single amino acid polymorphism in an AMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessamyn I. Perlmutter
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Joanne R. Chapman
- Institute of Environmental and Scientific Research (ESR), Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Mason C. Wilkinson
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Isaac Nevarez-Saenz
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Robert L. Unckless
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
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11
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Ma D, Ma J, Zhao C, Tai W. Reasons why women are more likely to develop primary biliary cholangitis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25634. [PMID: 38384574 PMCID: PMC10878884 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic autoimmune disease of biliary stasis in which immune factors cause the gradual destruction of small bile ducts, biliary stasis, and eventually the development of liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even liver failure. One of the main characteristics of PBC is that it primarily affects middle-aged women, but the precise cause is still unknown. This article analyzes the unique causes and mechanisms of the female predominance of PBC and summarizes the potential causes.The female domination of PBC is reported to be primarily caused by sex hormones, environmental circumstances, and epigenetic changes, each of which has a different subtle impact on patients' gender disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Ma
- Clinical Laboratory Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jiaxuan Ma
- Clinical Laboratory Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Chunmei Zhao
- Clinical Laboratory Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wenlin Tai
- Clinical Laboratory Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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12
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Tsai K, Ma H, Liang TZ, Xing Y, Chung S, Dorff T, Bell D, Lechner MG. The Combined Effect of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors on Thyroid Function. Thyroid 2024; 34:158-166. [PMID: 38069567 PMCID: PMC10884548 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2023.0542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Background: Recent successes with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) for the treatment of solid malignancies have paved the way for a new era of combined therapy. A common side effect seen with each of these classes of treatment is thyroid dysfunction, with rates estimated at 30-40% for TKI and 10-20% for ICI. However, little is known about the effect of combined ICI+TKI therapy on thyroid function. Therefore, this study evaluated the incidence, clinical features, and risk factors for developing thyroid abnormalities during ICI+TKI therapy and the relationship to cancer outcomes. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients treated with combination ICI+TKI cancer therapy at City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center from 2017 to 2023 who had pretreatment normal thyrotropin (TSH) levels. Primary analyses assessed the frequency, timing, and severity of thyroid function test abnormalities during ICI+TKI cancer therapy, and the requirement for thyroid hormone replacement. Secondary analyses evaluated risk factors for the development of thyroid dysfunction, including sex and drug regimen, and the association with cancer progression-free survival or overall survival. Univariable and multivariable models were used. Results: There were 106 patients who received ICI+TKI therapy with a median age of 63.5 years and a median follow-up of 12.8 months (interquartile range [IQR] 5.9-20.9). Notably, 63.2% (67/106) developed thyroid function abnormalities during ICI+TKI therapy, including 11 (10.4%) with hyperthyroidism, 42 (39.6%) with subclinical hypothyroidism (SCHypo), and 14 (13.2%) with overt hypothyroidism. The onset of thyroid dysfunction occurred at a median of 7 weeks (IQR 3.1-9.0) after start of ICI+TKI treatment for hyperthyroidism, 8.0 weeks (IQR 3.0-19.0) for SCHypo, and 8.1 weeks (IQR 5.9-9.1) for overt or worsening hypothyroidism. Hyperthyroidism resolved to hypothyroidism or normal TSH without intervention in all subjects, suggesting thyroiditis, and hypothyroidism was readily treated with thyroid hormone replacement. Conclusions: Thyroid dysfunction is a frequent adverse event in individuals treated with combination ICI+TKI therapy, with our data suggesting a rapid onset and higher incidence than previously seen with ICI or TKI therapy alone. Therefore, close monitoring of thyroid function during initial therapy and multidisciplinary care with endocrinology are recommended to facilitate early detection and initiation of thyroid hormone replacement in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Tsai
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Huiyan Ma
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Tom Z Liang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yan Xing
- Department of Medical Oncology, and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Samuel Chung
- Department of Medical Oncology, and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Tanya Dorff
- Department of Medical Oncology, and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Diana Bell
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Melissa G Lechner
- Division of Endocrinology, UCLA Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
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13
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Kanuri B, Biswas P, Dahdah A, Murphy AJ, Nagareddy PR. Impact of age and sex on myelopoiesis and inflammation during myocardial infarction. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2024; 187:80-89. [PMID: 38163742 PMCID: PMC10922716 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Of all the different risk factors known to cause cardiovascular disease (CVD), age and sex are considered to play a crucial role. Aging follows a continuum from birth to death, and therefore it inevitably acts as a risk for CVD. Along with age, sex differences have also been shown to demonstrate variations in immune system responses to pathological insults. It has been widely perceived that females are protected against myocardial infarction (MI) and the protection is quite apparent in young vs. old women. Acute MI leads to changes in the population of myeloid and lymphoid cells at the injury site with myeloid bias being observed in the initial inflammation and the lymphoid in the late-resolution phases of the pathology. Multiple evidence demonstrates that aging enhances damage to various cellular processes through inflamm-aging, an inflammatory process identified to increase pro-inflammatory markers in circulation and tissues. Following MI, marked changes were observed in different sub-sets of major myeloid cell types viz., neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages. There is a paucity of information regarding the tissue and site-specific functions of these sub-sets. In this review, we highlight the importance of age and sex as crucial risk factors by discussing their role during MI-induced myelopoiesis while emphasizing the current status of myeloid cell sub-sets. We further put forth the need for designing and executing age and sex interaction studies aimed to determine the appropriate age and sex to develop personalized therapeutic strategies post-MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babunageswararao Kanuri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC), Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Priosmita Biswas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC), Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Albert Dahdah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC), Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Andrew J Murphy
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Division of Immunometabolism, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Prabhakara R Nagareddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC), Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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14
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Xie Y, Xia Y, Xu H, Wang J, Zhang W, Li L, Liu Z. Analysis of related factors of plasma antibody levels in patients with severe and critical COVID-19. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2581. [PMID: 38297067 PMCID: PMC10831068 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52572-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to impact global public health. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become less virulent as it mutates, prompting China to ease restrictions at the end of 2022. With the complete reopening, a surge in COVID-19 cases has ensued. Therefore, we conducted a study to explore the correlation between plasma antibody levels and baseline conditions or clinical outcomes in severe and critical patients. We collected the basic information of 79 included patients. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests were performed on plasma samples. The receptor-binding domain (RBD) IgG antibody level of the mild group was significantly higher than that of the severe/critical group (P = 0.00049). And in the severe/critical group, there existed an association between plasma antibody levels and age (P < 0.001, r = - 0.471), as well as plasma antibody levels and vaccination status (P = 0.00147, eta2 = 0.211). Besides, the level of plasma antibody seemed to be moderately correlated with the age, indicating the need for heightened attention to infections in the elderly. And plasma antibody levels were strongly associated with vaccination status in the severe/critical patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudi Xie
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 26 Huacai Road, Longtan Industry Zone, Chenghua District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Transfusion Adverse Reactions, CAMS, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Xia
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Haixia Xu
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 26 Huacai Road, Longtan Industry Zone, Chenghua District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Transfusion Adverse Reactions, CAMS, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jue Wang
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 26 Huacai Road, Longtan Industry Zone, Chenghua District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Transfusion Adverse Reactions, CAMS, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, 82 Qinglong Street, Qingyang District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
- College of Public, Hygiene of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhong Liu
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 26 Huacai Road, Longtan Industry Zone, Chenghua District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
- College of Public, Hygiene of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Bayrak CS, Forst C, Jones DR, Gresham D, Pushalkar S, Wu S, Vogel C, Mahal L, Ghedin E, Ross T, García-Sastre A, Zhang B. Patient Subtyping Analysis of Baseline Multi-omic Data Reveals Distinct Pre-immune States Predictive of Vaccination Responses. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.18.576213. [PMID: 38328256 PMCID: PMC10849502 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.18.576213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanisms that underpin diverse vaccination responses is a critical step toward developing efficient vaccines. Molecular subtyping approaches can offer valuable insights into the heterogeneous nature of responses and aid in the design of more effective vaccines. In order to explore the molecular signatures associated with the vaccine response, we analyzed baseline transcriptomics data from paired samples of whole blood, proteomics and glycomics data from serum, and metabolomics data from urine, obtained from influenza vaccine recipients (2019-2020 season) prior to vaccination. After integrating the data using a network-based model, we performed a subtyping analysis. The integration of multiple data modalities from 62 samples resulted in five baseline molecular subtypes with distinct molecular signatures. These baseline subtypes differed in the expression of pre-existing adaptive or innate immunity signatures, which were linked to significant variation across subtypes in baseline immunoglobulin A (IgA) and hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) titer levels. It is worth noting that these significant differences persisted through day 28 post-vaccination, indicating the effect of initial immune state on vaccination response. These findings highlight the significance of interpersonal variation in baseline immune status as a crucial factor in determining vaccine response and efficacy. Ultimately, incorporating molecular profiling could enable personalized vaccine optimization.
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16
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Hunt KS, Alspach E. Battle Within the Sexes: Differences in Male and Female Immunity and the Impact on Antitumor Responses. Cancer Immunol Res 2024; 12:17-25. [PMID: 37939008 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-23-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The immune system plays critical roles in regulating tumor progression. However, despite established differences in male and female immune cell function, our appreciation of sex as a variable in antitumor immune responses is only beginning to develop. Recent findings in mice have demonstrated for the first time that disparities in cancer incidence between the sexes are driven in part by differences in male and female T-cell responses. This review will discuss the growing body of literature demonstrating that male and female innate and adaptive immune responses against tumors are not equivalent and highlight the impact this may have on tumor responses to immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katey S Hunt
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Elise Alspach
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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17
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Robertson SJ, Best SM. Interfer-on time: lessons from genetically diverse mouse models of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Genes Immun 2023:10.1038/s41435-023-00250-7. [PMID: 38158396 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-023-00250-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Shelly J Robertson
- Laboratory of Neurological Infections and Immunity, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Sonja M Best
- Laboratory of Neurological Infections and Immunity, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, MT, USA.
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18
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Pujantell M, Skenteris NT, Claussen JM, Grünhagel B, Thiele RJ, Altfeld M. Sex-dependent differences in type I IFN-induced natural killer cell activation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1277967. [PMID: 38162640 PMCID: PMC10757368 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1277967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are important antiviral effector cells and also involved in tumor clearance. NK cells express IFNAR, rendering them responsive to Type I IFNs. To evaluate Type I IFN-mediated modulation of NK cell functions, individual Type I IFNs subtypes were assessed for their ability to activate NK cells. Different Type I IFN subtypes displayed a broad range in the capacity to induce and modulate NK cell activation and degranulation, measured by CD69 and CD107a expression in response to leukemia cell line K562. When including biological sex as a variable in the analysis, transwell co-cultures of NK cells with either male- or female-derived PBMCs or pDCs stimulated with the TLR7/8 agonist CL097 showed that NK cells were more activated by CL097-stimulated cells derived from females. These sex-specific differences were linked to higher CL097-induced IFNα production by pDCs derived from females, indicating an extrinsic sex-specific effect of Type I IFNs on NK cell function. Interestingly, in addition to the extrinsic effect, we also observed NK cell-intrinsic sex differences, as female NK cells displayed higher activation levels after IFNα-stimulation and after co-culture with CL097-stimulated pDCs, suggesting higher activation of IFNα-signaling transduction in female NK cells. Taken together, the results from these studies identify both extrinsic and intrinsic sex-specific differences in Type I IFN-dependent NK cell functions, contributing to a better understanding of sex-specific differences in innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pujantell
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
- Department Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology (LIV), Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Benjamin Grünhagel
- Department Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology (LIV), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rebecca-Jo Thiele
- Department Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology (LIV), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Altfeld
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
- Department Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology (LIV), Hamburg, Germany
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19
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Li X, Hu S, Yin J, Peng X, King L, Li L, Xu Z, Zhou L, Peng Z, Ze X, Zhang X, Hou Q, Shan Z, Liu L. Effect of synbiotic supplementation on immune parameters and gut microbiota in healthy adults: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2247025. [PMID: 37614109 PMCID: PMC10453972 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2247025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Synbiotics are increasingly used by the general population to boost immunity. However, there is limited evidence concerning the immunomodulatory effects of synbiotics in healthy individuals. Therefore, we conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study in 106 healthy adults. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either synbiotics (containing Bifidobacterium lactis HN019 1.5 × 108 CFU/d, Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 7.5 × 107 CFU/d, and fructooligosaccharide 500 mg/d) or placebo for 8 weeks. Immune parameters and gut microbiota composition were measured at baseline, mid, and end of the study. Compared to the placebo group, participants receiving synbiotic supplementation exhibited greater reductions in plasma C-reactive protein (P = 0.088) and interferon-gamma (P = 0.008), along with larger increases in plasma interleukin (IL)-10 (P = 0.008) and stool secretory IgA (sIgA) (P = 0.014). Additionally, synbiotic supplementation led to an enrichment of beneficial bacteria (Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Collinsella) and several functional pathways related to amino acids and short-chain fatty acids biosynthesis, whereas reduced potential pro-inflammatory Parabacteroides compared to baseline. Importantly, alternations in anti-inflammatory markers (IL-10 and sIgA) were significantly correlated with microbial variations triggered by synbiotic supplementation. Stratification of participants into two enterotypes based on pre-treatment Prevotella-to-Bacteroides (P/B) ratio revealed a more favorable effect of synbiotic supplements in individuals with a higher P/B ratio. In conclusion, this study suggested the beneficial effects of synbiotic supplementation on immune parameters, which were correlated with synbiotics-induced microbial changes and modified by microbial enterotypes. These findings provided direct evidence supporting the personalized supplementation of synbiotics for immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shan Hu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiawei Yin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaobo Peng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei King
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Linyan Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zihui Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Academy of Nutrition and Health, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational, Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhao Peng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaolei Ze
- Microbiome Research and Application Center, BYHEALTH Institute of Nutrition & Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuguang Zhang
- Microbiome Research and Application Center, BYHEALTH Institute of Nutrition & Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiangchuan Hou
- Hubei Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Food Ingredients, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei province, China
| | - Zhilei Shan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liegang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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20
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Brandt L, Angelino P, Martinez R, Cristinelli S, Ciuffi A. Sex and Age Impact CD4+ T Cell Susceptibility to HIV In Vitro through Cell Activation Dynamics. Cells 2023; 12:2689. [PMID: 38067117 PMCID: PMC10706042 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular composition and the responsiveness of the immune system evolve upon aging and are influenced by biological sex. CD4+ T cells from women living with HIV exhibit a decreased viral replication ex vivo compared to men's. We, thus, hypothesized that these findings could be recapitulated in vitro and infected primary CD4+ T cells with HIV-based vectors pseudotyped with VSV-G or HIV envelopes. We used cells isolated from twenty donors to interrogate the effect of sex and age on permissiveness over a six-day activation kinetics. Our data identified an increased permissiveness to HIV between 24 and 72 h post-stimulation. Sex- and age-based analyses at these time points showed an increased susceptibility to HIV of the cells isolated from males and from donors over 50 years of age, respectively. A parallel assessment of surface markers' expression revealed higher frequencies of activation marker CD69 and of immune checkpoint inhibitors (PD-1 and CTLA-4) in the cells from highly permissive donors. Furthermore, positive correlations were identified between the expression kinetics of CD69, PD-1 and CTLA-4 and HIV expression kinetics. The cell population heterogeneity was assessed using a single-cell RNA-Seq analysis and no cell subtype enrichment was identified according to sex. Finally, transcriptomic analyses further highlighted the role of activation in those differences with enriched activation and cell cycle gene sets in male and older female cells. Altogether, this study brought further evidence about the individual features affecting HIV replication at the cellular level and should be considered in latency reactivation studies for an HIV cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludivine Brandt
- Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland; (L.B.)
| | - Paolo Angelino
- Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland; (L.B.)
- Translational Data Science (TDS)-Facility, AGORA Cancer Research Center, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Raquel Martinez
- Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland; (L.B.)
| | - Sara Cristinelli
- Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland; (L.B.)
| | - Angela Ciuffi
- Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland; (L.B.)
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21
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Peeters SB, Posynick BJ, Brown CJ. Out of the Silence: Insights into How Genes Escape X-Chromosome Inactivation. EPIGENOMES 2023; 7:29. [PMID: 38131901 PMCID: PMC10742877 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes7040029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The silencing of all but one X chromosome in mammalian cells is a remarkable epigenetic process leading to near dosage equivalence in X-linked gene products between the sexes. However, equally remarkable is the ability of a subset of genes to continue to be expressed from the otherwise inactive X chromosome-in some cases constitutively, while other genes are variable between individuals, tissues or cells. In this review we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the approaches that have been used to identify escapees. The identity of escapees provides important clues to mechanisms underlying escape from XCI, an arena of study now moving from correlation to functional studies. As most escapees show greater expression in females, the not-so-inactive X chromosome is a substantial contributor to sex differences in humans, and we highlight some examples of such impact.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carolyn J. Brown
- Molecular Epigenetics Group, Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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22
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Grünhagel B, Borggrewe M, Hagen SH, Ziegler SM, Henseling F, Glau L, Thiele RJ, Pujantell M, Sivayoganathan V, Padoan B, Claussen JM, Düsedau A, Hennesen J, Bunders MJ, Bonn S, Tolosa E, Krebs CF, Dorn C, Altfeld M. Reduction of IFN-I responses by plasmacytoid dendritic cells in a longitudinal trans men cohort. iScience 2023; 26:108209. [PMID: 37953956 PMCID: PMC10637924 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFN-I) are important mediators of antiviral immunity and autoimmune diseases. Female plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) exert an elevated capacity to produce IFN-I upon toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) activation compared to male pDCs, and both sex hormones and X-encoded genes have been implicated in these sex-specific differences. Using longitudinal samples from a trans men cohort receiving gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT), the impact of testosterone injections on TLR7-mediated IFN-I production by pDCs was assessed. Single-cell RNA analyses of pDCs showed downregulation of IFN-I-related gene expression signatures but also revealed transcriptional inter-donor heterogeneity. Longitudinal quantification showed continuous reduction of IFN-I protein production by pDCs and reduced expression of IFN-I-stimulated genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). These studies in trans men demonstrate that testosterone administration reduces IFN-I production by pDCs over time and provide insights into the immune-modulatory role of testosterone in sex-specific IFN-I-mediated immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Grünhagel
- Department Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Malte Borggrewe
- Department Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sven Hendrik Hagen
- Department Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Susanne M. Ziegler
- Department Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Henseling
- Department Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Laura Glau
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rebecca-Jo Thiele
- Department Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maria Pujantell
- Department Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Varshi Sivayoganathan
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Benedetta Padoan
- Department Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Janna M. Claussen
- Department Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Arne Düsedau
- Technology Platform Flow Cytometry/FACS, Leibniz Institute of Virology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jana Hennesen
- Technology Platform Flow Cytometry/FACS, Leibniz Institute of Virology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Madeleine J. Bunders
- Department Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Bonn
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eva Tolosa
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian F. Krebs
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Marcus Altfeld
- Department Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
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23
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Zhang L, Xu Y, Sun S, Liang C, Li W, Li H, Zhang X, Pang D, Li M, Li H, Lang Y, Liu J, Jiang S, Shi X, Li B, Yang Y, Wang Y, Li Z, Song C, Duan G, Leavenworth JW, Wang X, Zhu C. Integrative analysis of γδT cells and dietary factors reveals predictive values for autism spectrum disorder in children. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 111:76-89. [PMID: 37011865 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) includes a range of multifactorial neurodevelopmental disabilities characterized by a variable set of neuropsychiatric symptoms. Immunological abnormalities have been considered to play important roles in the pathogenesis of ASD, but it is still unknown which abnormalities are more prominent. METHODS A total of 105 children with ASD and 105 age and gender-matched typically developing (TD) children were recruited. An eating and mealtime behavior questionnaire, dietary habits, and the Bristol Stool Scale were investigated. The immune cell profiles in peripheral blood were analyzed by flow cytometry, and cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17A, and TNF-α) in plasma were examined by Luminex assay. The obtained results were further validated using an external validation cohort including 82 children with ASD and 51 TD children. RESULTS Compared to TD children, children with ASD had significant eating and mealtime behavioral changes and gastrointestinal symptoms characterized by increased food fussiness and emotional eating, decreased fruit and vegetable consumption, and increased stool astriction. The proportion of γδT cells was significantly higher in children with ASD than TD children (β: 0.156; 95% CI: 0.888 ∼ 2.135, p < 0.001) even after adjusting for gender, eating and mealtime behaviors, and dietary habits. In addition, the increased γδT cells were evident in all age groups (age < 48 months: β: 0.288; 95% CI: 0.420 ∼ 4.899, p = 0.020; age ≥ 48 months: β: 0.458; 95% CI: 0.694 ∼ 9.352, p = 0.024), as well as in boys (β: 0.174; 95% CI: 0.834 ∼ 2.625, p < 0.001) but not in girls. These findings were also confirmed by an external validation cohort. Furthermore, IL-17, but not IFN-γ, secretion by the circulating γδT cells was increased in ASD children. Machine learning revealed that the area under the curve in nomogram plots for increased γδT cells combined with eating behavior/dietary factors was 0.905, which held true in both boys and girls and in all the age groups of ASD children. The decision curves showed that children can receive significantly higher diagnostic benefit within the threshold probability range from 0 to 1.0 in the nomogram model. CONCLUSIONS Children with ASD present with divergent eating and mealtime behaviors and dietary habits as well as gastrointestinal symptoms. In peripheral blood, γδT cells but not αβT cells are associated with ASD. The increased γδT cells combined with eating and mealtime behavior/dietary factors have a high value for assisting in the diagnosis of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury and Henan Clinical Research Center for Child Neurological Disorders, Institute of Neuroscience and The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yiran Xu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury and Henan Clinical Research Center for Child Neurological Disorders, Institute of Neuroscience and The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Shuang Sun
- Center for Child Behavioral Development, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Cailing Liang
- Center for Child Behavioral Development, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Wenhua Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury and Henan Clinical Research Center for Child Neurological Disorders, Institute of Neuroscience and The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Hongwei Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury and Henan Clinical Research Center for Child Neurological Disorders, Institute of Neuroscience and The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury and Henan Clinical Research Center for Child Neurological Disorders, Institute of Neuroscience and The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Dizhou Pang
- Center for Child Behavioral Development, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Mengyue Li
- Center for Child Behavioral Development, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Huihui Li
- Center for Child Behavioral Development, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yongbin Lang
- Center for Child Behavioral Development, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Jiatian Liu
- Center for Child Behavioral Development, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Shuqin Jiang
- Center for Child Behavioral Development, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Xiaoyi Shi
- Center for Child Behavioral Development, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Bingbing Li
- Center for Child Behavioral Development, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Center for Child Behavioral Development, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yazhe Wang
- Center for Child Behavioral Development, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Zhenghua Li
- Center for Child Behavioral Development, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Chunlan Song
- Center for Child Behavioral Development, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Guiqin Duan
- Center for Child Behavioral Development, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Jianmei W Leavenworth
- Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Microbiology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury and Henan Clinical Research Center for Child Neurological Disorders, Institute of Neuroscience and The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Clinical Science, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Changlian Zhu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury and Henan Clinical Research Center for Child Neurological Disorders, Institute of Neuroscience and The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg 40530, Sweden.
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24
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Paschold L, Gottschick C, Langer S, Klee B, Diexer S, Aksentijevich I, Schultheiß C, Purschke O, Riese P, Trittel S, Haase R, Dressler F, Eberl W, Hübner J, Strowig T, Guzman CA, Mikolajczyk R, Binder M. T cell repertoire breadth is associated with the number of acute respiratory infections in the LoewenKIDS birth cohort. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9516. [PMID: 37308563 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36144-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We set out to gain insight into peripheral blood B and T cell repertoires from 120 infants of the LoewenKIDS birth cohort to investigate potential determinants of early life respiratory infections. Low antigen-dependent somatic hypermutation of B cell repertoires, as well as low T and B cell repertoire clonality, high diversity, and high richness especially in public T cell clonotypes reflected the immunological naivety at 12 months of age when high thymic and bone marrow output are associated with relatively few prior antigen encounters. Infants with inadequately low T cell repertoire diversity or high clonality showed higher numbers of acute respiratory infections over the first 4 years of life. No correlation of T or B cell repertoire metrics with other parameters such as sex, birth mode, older siblings, pets, the onset of daycare, or duration of breast feeding was noted. Together, this study supports that-regardless of T cell functionality-the breadth of the T cell repertoire is associated with the number of acute respiratory infections in the first 4 years of life. Moreover, this study provides a valuable resource of millions of T and B cell receptor sequences from infants with available metadata for researchers in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Paschold
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Oncology/Hematology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Cornelia Gottschick
- Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics (IMEBI), Medical School of the Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Strasse 8, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Susan Langer
- Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics (IMEBI), Medical School of the Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Strasse 8, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Bianca Klee
- Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics (IMEBI), Medical School of the Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Strasse 8, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sophie Diexer
- Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics (IMEBI), Medical School of the Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Strasse 8, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ivona Aksentijevich
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christoph Schultheiß
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Oncology/Hematology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Oliver Purschke
- Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics (IMEBI), Medical School of the Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Strasse 8, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Peggy Riese
- Department Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stephanie Trittel
- Department Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Roland Haase
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Hospital St. Elisabeth und St. Barbara, 06110, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Frank Dressler
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Eberl
- Department of Paediatrics, Hospital Braunschweig, 38118, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Johannes Hübner
- Department of Paediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig- Maximilians-University Munich, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Till Strowig
- Department Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Carlos A Guzman
- Department Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Rafael Mikolajczyk
- Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics (IMEBI), Medical School of the Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Strasse 8, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Mascha Binder
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Oncology/Hematology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.
- Division of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 40314031, Basel, Switzerland.
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25
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Aguilar OA. X chromosome enhances NK cell responses. Trends Genet 2023:S0168-9525(23)00126-9. [PMID: 37295976 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Incomplete X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) can cause differences between sexes. Cheng et al. identified that the histone demethylase UTX, encoded by an X chromosome gene that escapes XCI, contributes to sex differences in natural killer (NK) cells, whereby males have increased NK cell numbers while female NK cells have enhanced responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar A Aguilar
- Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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26
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Asadi S, Tartibian B, Moni MA. Determination of optimum intensity and duration of exercise based on the immune system response using a machine-learning model. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8207. [PMID: 37217586 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34974-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the important concerns in the field of exercise immunology is determining the appropriate intensity and duration of exercise to prevent suppression of the immune system. Adopting a reliable approach to predict the number of white blood cells (WBCs) during exercise can help to identify the appropriate intensity and duration. Therefore, this study was designed to predict leukocyte levels during exercise with the application of a machine-learning model. We used a random forest (RF) model to predict the number of lymphocytes (LYMPH), neutrophils (NEU), monocytes (MON), eosinophils, basophils, and WBC. Intensity and duration of exercise, WBCs values before exercise training, body mass index (BMI), and maximal aerobic capacity (VO2 max) were used as inputs and WBCs values after exercise training were assessed as outputs of the RF model. In this study, the data was collected from 200 eligible people and K-fold cross-validation was used to train and test the model. Finally, model efficiency was assessed using standard statistics (root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), relative absolute error (RAE), root relative square error (RRSE), coefficient of determination (R2), and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSE)). Our findings revealed that the RF model performed well for predicting the number of WBC with RMSE = 0.94, MAE = 0.76, RAE = 48.54, RRSE = 48.17, NSE = 0.76, and R2 = 0.77. Furthermore, the results showed that intensity and duration of exercise are more effective parameters than BMI and VO2 max to predict the number of LYMPH, NEU, MON, and WBC during exercise. Totally, this study developed a novel approach based on the RF model using the relevant and accessible variables to predict WBCs during exercise. The proposed method can be applied as a promising and cost-effective tool for determining the correct intensity and duration of exercise in healthy people according to the body's immune system response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Asadi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bakhtyar Tartibian
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Ali Moni
- Artificial Intelligence and Data Science, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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27
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Cárdenas-Rojas MI, Guzmán-Esquivel J, Murillo-Zamora E. Predictors of ICU Admission in Children with COVID-19: Analysis of a Large Mexican Population Dataset. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12103593. [PMID: 37240699 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12103593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Children, although mostly affected mildly or asymptomatically, have also developed severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aims to assess potential predictors of intensive care unit (ICU) admission in a large population (n = 21,121) of children aged 0-9 years with laboratory-confirmed disease. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of a publicly available dataset derived from the normative epidemiological surveillance of COVID-19 in Mexico. The primary binary outcome of interest was admission to the ICU due to respiratory failure. Results showed that immunosuppressed children and those with a personal history of cardiovascular disease had a higher likelihood of being admitted to the ICU, while increasing age and the pandemic duration were associated with a lower likelihood of admission. The study's results have the potential to inform clinical decision-making and enhance management and outcomes for children affected by COVID-19 in Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha I Cárdenas-Rojas
- Unidad de Investigación en Epidemiología Clínica, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Lapislázuli 250, Col. El Haya, Villa de Álvarez 28984, Mexico
| | - José Guzmán-Esquivel
- Unidad de Investigación en Epidemiología Clínica, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Lapislázuli 250, Col. El Haya, Villa de Álvarez 28984, Mexico
| | - Efrén Murillo-Zamora
- Unidad de Investigación en Epidemiología Clínica, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Lapislázuli 250, Col. El Haya, Villa de Álvarez 28984, Mexico
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28
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Miquel CH, Faz-Lopez B, Guéry JC. Influence of X chromosome in sex-biased autoimmune diseases. J Autoimmun 2023; 137:102992. [PMID: 36641351 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2023.102992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Females have better ability to resolve infections, compared to males, but also, a greater susceptibility to develop autoimmunity. Besides the initial interest on the contribution of sex-steroid hormone signaling, the role of genetic factors linked to X chromosome has recently focused much attention. In human and mouse, the number of X chromosomes, rather than sex-steroid hormones, have been found associated with higher risk or susceptibility to develop autoimmunity, particularly rheumatic diseases, such as SLE, Sjögren's syndrome or Scleroderma. For all of these diseases, the Toll-like receptor TLR7 and TLR8, encoded on the same locus in the human Xp, have been demonstrated to be causal in disease development through gene dosage effect or gain of function mutations. During embryonic development in female mammals, one X chromosome is stochastically inactivated to balance X-linked gene expression between males and females, a process known as X chromosome inactivation (XCI). Nevertheless, some genes including immune related genes can escape XCI to variable degree and penetrance, resulting in a bi-allelic expression in some immune cells, such as TLR7. Because tight regulation of TLR expression is necessary for a healthy, self-tolerant immune environment, XCI escape has been proposed as a mechanism contributing to this sexual dimorphism. In this review, we will summarize general mechanisms of XCI, and describe the known escapee's genes in immune cells, the cellular diversity created by such mechanisms and its potential implication in autoimmune diseases, with a particular focus on the X-linked genes and immune cell populations involved in SLE. Whether dysregulated expression of X-linked genes could contribute to the enhanced susceptibility of females to develop such diseases remains to be proven. Shedding lights onto the X-linked genetic mechanisms contributing to modulation of immune cell functions will undoubtedly provide new insights into the intricate mechanisms underlying sex differences in immunity and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles-Henry Miquel
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITY), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, UPS, 31300, France; Arthritis R&D, Neuilly-Sur-Seine, France
| | - Berenice Faz-Lopez
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITY), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, UPS, 31300, France
| | - Jean-Charles Guéry
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITY), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, UPS, 31300, France.
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Hahn AW, Siddiqui BA, Leo J, Dondossola E, Basham KJ, Miranti CK, Frigo DE. Cancer Cell-Extrinsic Roles for the Androgen Receptor in Prostate Cancer. Endocrinology 2023; 164:bqad078. [PMID: 37192413 PMCID: PMC10413433 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Given the central role of the androgen receptor (AR) in prostate cancer cell biology, AR-targeted therapies have been the backbone of prostate cancer treatment for over 50 years. New data indicate that AR is expressed in additional cell types within the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, targeting AR for the treatment of prostate cancer has established side effects such as bone complications and an increased risk of developing cardiometabolic disease, indicating broader roles for AR. With the advent of novel technologies, such as single-cell approaches and advances in preclinical modeling, AR has been identified to have clinically significant functions in other cell types. In this mini-review, we describe new cancer cell-extrinsic roles for AR within the tumor microenvironment as well as systemic effects that collectively impact prostate cancer progression and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Hahn
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology and the David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bilal A Siddiqui
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology and the David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Javier Leo
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Eleonora Dondossola
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology and the David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kaitlin J Basham
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Cindy K Miranti
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Daniel E Frigo
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology and the David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
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30
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Galaras A, Verykokakis M. UT(se)X differences during immune responses. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:738-740. [PMID: 36997671 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01481-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Galaras
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Vari, Greece
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Mihalis Verykokakis
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Vari, Greece.
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Miller RAJ, Williams AP, Kovats S. Sex chromosome complement and sex steroid signaling underlie sex differences in immunity to respiratory virus infection. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1150282. [PMID: 37063266 PMCID: PMC10097973 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1150282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have revealed sex differences in the incidence and morbidity of respiratory virus infection in the human population, and often these observations are correlated with sex differences in the quality or magnitude of the immune response. Sex differences in immunity and morbidity also are observed in animal models of respiratory virus infection, suggesting differential dominance of specific immune mechanisms. Emerging research shows intrinsic sex differences in immune cell transcriptomes, epigenomes, and proteomes that may regulate human immunity when challenged by viral infection. Here, we highlight recent research into the role(s) of sex steroids and X chromosome complement in immune cells and describe how these findings provide insight into immunity during respiratory virus infection. We focus on the regulation of innate and adaptive immune cells by receptors for androgen and estrogens, as well as genes with a propensity to escape X chromosome inactivation. A deeper mechanistic knowledge of these pathways will help us to understand the often significant sex differences in immunity to endemic or pandemic respiratory pathogens such as influenza viruses, respiratory syncytial viruses and pathogenic coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reegan A. J. Miller
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Abigael P. Williams
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Susan Kovats
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
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32
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The X-linked epigenetic regulator UTX controls NK cell-intrinsic sex differences. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:780-791. [PMID: 36928413 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01463-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Viral infection outcomes are sex biased, with males generally more susceptible than females. Paradoxically, the numbers of antiviral natural killer (NK) cells are increased in males. We demonstrate that while numbers of NK cells are increased in male mice, they display decreased effector function compared to females in mice and humans. These differences were not solely dependent on gonadal hormones, because they persisted in gonadectomized mice. Kdm6a (which encodes the protein UTX), an epigenetic regulator that escapes X inactivation, was lower in male NK cells, while NK cell-intrinsic UTX deficiency in female mice increased NK cell numbers and reduced effector responses. Furthermore, mice with NK cell-intrinsic UTX deficiency showed increased lethality to mouse cytomegalovirus. Integrative multi-omics analysis revealed a critical role for UTX in regulating chromatin accessibility and gene expression critical for NK cell homeostasis and effector function. Collectively, these data implicate UTX as a critical molecular determinant of sex differences in NK cells.
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Microbiota alters the metabolome in an age- and sex- dependent manner in mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1348. [PMID: 36906623 PMCID: PMC10008592 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37055-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Commensal bacteria are major contributors to mammalian metabolism. We used liquid chromatography mass spectrometry to study the metabolomes of germ-free, gnotobiotic, and specific-pathogen-free mice, while also evaluating the influence of age and sex on metabolite profiles. Microbiota modified the metabolome of all body sites and accounted for the highest proportion of variation within the gastrointestinal tract. Microbiota and age explained similar amounts of variation the metabolome of urine, serum, and peritoneal fluid, while age was the primary driver of variation in the liver and spleen. Although sex explained the least amount of variation at all sites, it had a significant impact on all sites except the ileum. Collectively, these data illustrate the interplay between microbiota, age, and sex in the metabolic phenotypes of diverse body sites. This provides a framework for interpreting complex metabolic phenotypes and will help guide future studies into the role that the microbiome plays in disease.
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Suarez LM, Diaz-Del Cerro E, Felix J, Gonzalez-Sanchez M, Ceprian N, Guerra-Perez N, G Novelle M, Martinez de Toda I, De la Fuente M. Sex differences in neuroimmunoendocrine communication. Involvement on longevity. Mech Ageing Dev 2023; 211:111798. [PMID: 36907251 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine, nervous, and immune systems work coordinately to maintain the global homeostasis of the organism. They show sex differences in their functions that, in turn, contribute to sex differences beyond reproductive function. Females display a better control of the energetic metabolism and improved neuroprotection and have more antioxidant defenses and a better inflammatory status than males, which is associated with a more robust immune response than that of males. These differences are present from the early stages of life, being more relevant in adulthood and influencing the aging trajectory in each sex and may contribute to the different life lifespan between sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz M Suarez
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Estefania Diaz-Del Cerro
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; Institute of Investigation Hospital 12 Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Judith Felix
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; Institute of Investigation Hospital 12 Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Monica Gonzalez-Sanchez
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; Institute of Investigation Hospital 12 Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Noemi Ceprian
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; Institute of Investigation Hospital 12 Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Guerra-Perez
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; Institute of Investigation Hospital 12 Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta G Novelle
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Martinez de Toda
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; Institute of Investigation Hospital 12 Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Monica De la Fuente
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; Institute of Investigation Hospital 12 Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.
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Della Peruta C, Lozanoska-Ochser B, Renzini A, Moresi V, Sanchez Riera C, Bouché M, Coletti D. Sex Differences in Inflammation and Muscle Wasting in Aging and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054651. [PMID: 36902081 PMCID: PMC10003083 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Only in recent years, thanks to a precision medicine-based approach, have treatments tailored to the sex of each patient emerged in clinical trials. In this regard, both striated muscle tissues present significant differences between the two sexes, which may have important consequences for diagnosis and therapy in aging and chronic illness. In fact, preservation of muscle mass in disease conditions correlates with survival; however, sex should be considered when protocols for the maintenance of muscle mass are designed. One obvious difference is that men have more muscle than women. Moreover, the two sexes differ in inflammation parameters, particularly in response to infection and disease. Therefore, unsurprisingly, men and women respond differently to therapies. In this review, we present an up-to-date overview on what is known about sex differences in skeletal muscle physiology and disfunction, such as disuse atrophy, age-related sarcopenia, and cachexia. In addition, we summarize sex differences in inflammation which may underly the aforementioned conditions because pro-inflammatory cytokines deeply affect muscle homeostasis. The comparison of these three conditions and their sex-related bases is interesting because different forms of muscle atrophy share common mechanisms; for instance, those responsible for protein dismantling are similar although differing in terms of kinetics, severity, and regulatory mechanisms. In pre-clinical research, exploring sexual dimorphism in disease conditions could highlight new efficacious treatments or recommend implementation of an existing one. Any protective factors discovered in one sex could be exploited to achieve lower morbidity, reduce the severity of the disease, or avoid mortality in the opposite sex. Thus, the understanding of sex-dependent responses to different forms of muscle atrophy and inflammation is of pivotal importance to design innovative, tailored, and efficient interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Della Peruta
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Biliana Lozanoska-Ochser
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Roma, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Renzini
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Viviana Moresi
- Institute of Nanotechnology (Nanotec), National Research Council (CNR), c/o Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Carles Sanchez Riera
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Marina Bouché
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Roma, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Dario Coletti
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Roma, Italy
- Biological Adaptation and Ageing (B2A), Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 8256, Inserm U1164, 75005 Paris, France
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Perlmutter JI, Chapman JR, Wilkinson MC, Nevarez-Saenz I, Unckless RL. A single amino acid polymorphism in natural Metchnikowin alleles of Drosophila results in systemic immunity and life history tradeoffs. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.16.524277. [PMID: 36712113 PMCID: PMC9882182 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.16.524277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are at the interface of interactions between hosts and microbes and are therefore expected to be fast evolving in a coevolutionary arms race with pathogens. In contrast, previous work demonstrated that one AMP, Metchikowin (Mtk), has a single residue that segregates as either proline (P) or arginine (R) in populations of four different Drosophila species, some of which diverged more than 10 million years ago. The recurrent finding of this polymorphism regardless of geography or host species, coupled with evidence of balancing selection in Drosophila AMPs, suggest there is a distinct functional importance to each allele. The most likely hypotheses involve alleles having specificity to different pathogens or the more potent allele conferring a cost on the host. To assess their functional differences, we created D. melanogaster lines with the P allele, R allele, or Mtk null mutation using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. Here, we report results from experiments assessing the two hypotheses using these lines. In males, testing of systemic immune responses to a repertoire of bacteria and fungi demonstrated that the R allele performs as well or better than the P and null alleles with most infections. With some pathogens, however, females show results in contrast with males where Mtk alleles either do not contribute to survival or where the P allele outperforms the R allele. In addition, measurements of life history traits demonstrate that the R allele is more costly in the absence of infection for both sexes. These results provide strong in vivo evidence that differential fitness with or without infection and sex-based functional differences in alleles may be adaptive mechanisms of maintaining immune gene polymorphisms in contrast with expectations of rapid evolution. Therefore, a complex interplay of forces including pathogen species and host sex may lead to balancing selection for immune genotypes. Strikingly, this selection may act on even a single amino acid polymorphism in an AMP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanne R. Chapman
- Institute of Environmental and Scientific Research (ESR), Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Mason C. Wilkinson
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Isaac Nevarez-Saenz
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Robert L. Unckless
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
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37
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Anesi N, Miquel CH, Laffont S, Guéry JC. The Influence of Sex Hormones and X Chromosome in Immune Responses. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2023; 441:21-59. [PMID: 37695424 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-35139-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Males and females differ in their susceptibility to develop autoimmunity and allergy but also in their capacity to cope with infections and cancers. Cellular targets and molecular pathways underlying sexual dimorphism in immunity have started to emerge and appeared multifactorial. It became increasingly clear that sex-linked biological factors have important impact on the development, tissue maintenance and effector function acquisition of distinct immune cell populations, thereby regulating multiple layers of innate or adaptive immunity through distinct mechanisms. This review discusses the recent development in our understanding of the cell-intrinsic actions of biological factors linked to sex, sex hormones and sex chromosome complement, on immune cells, which may account for the sex differences in susceptibility to autoimmune diseases and allergies, and the sex-biased responses in natural immunity and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Anesi
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITY), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, UPS, 31300, Toulouse, France
| | - Charles-Henry Miquel
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITY), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, UPS, 31300, Toulouse, France
| | - Sophie Laffont
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITY), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, UPS, 31300, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Charles Guéry
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITY), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, UPS, 31300, Toulouse, France.
- INSERM UMR1291, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Purpan, Place du Dr. Baylac, 31024, Toulouse Cedex 3, France.
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38
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Dabitao D, Bishai WR. Sex and Gender Differences in Tuberculosis Pathogenesis and Treatment Outcomes. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2023; 441:139-183. [PMID: 37695428 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-35139-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis remains a daunting public health concern in many countries of the world. A consistent observation in the global epidemiology of tuberculosis is an excess of cases of active pulmonary tuberculosis among males compared with females. Data from both humans and animals also suggest that males are more susceptible than females to develop active pulmonary disease. Similarly, male sex has been associated with poor treatment outcomes. Despite this growing body of evidence, little is known about the mechanisms driving sex bias in tuberculosis disease. Two dominant hypotheses have been proposed to explain the predominance of active pulmonary tuberculosis among males. The first is based on the contribution of biological factors, such as sex hormones and genetic factors, on host immunity during tuberculosis. The second is focused on non-biological factors such as smoking, professional exposure, and health-seeking behaviors, known to be influenced by gender. In this chapter, we review the literature regarding these two prevailing hypotheses by presenting human but also experimental animal studies. In addition, we presented studies aiming at examining the impact of sex and gender on other clinical forms of tuberculosis such as latent tuberculosis infection and extrapulmonary tuberculosis, which both appear to have their own specificities in relation to sex. We also highlighted potential intersections between sex and gender in the context of tuberculosis and shared future directions that could guide in elucidating mechanisms of sex-based differences in tuberculosis pathogenesis and treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djeneba Dabitao
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Odonto-Stomatology, University Clinical Research Center (UCRC), University of Sciences, Techniques, and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - William R Bishai
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
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Kharroubi SA, Diab-El-Harake M. Sex-differences in COVID-19 diagnosis, risk factors and disease comorbidities: A large US-based cohort study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1029190. [PMID: 36466473 PMCID: PMC9714345 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1029190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 are higher among men, however, underlying pathways remain controversial. We aim to investigate sex-gender differences in COVID-19 in a large US-based cohort, namely COVID-19 Research Database. More specifically, the objectives are to explore the socio-economic characteristics of COVID-19 male and female patients and to examine potential sex differences in lifestyle factors and disease comorbidities among diagnosed patients. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study contrasting male vs. female patients with test-confirmed COVID-19. The study used Healthjump electronic medical records (e.g., demographics, encounters, medical history, and vitals) extracted from January 2020 to December 2021 (N = 62,310). Results Significant sociodemographic and comorbidity differences were observed between males and females (p < 0.05). For example, a significantly higher proportion of males (vs. females) were aged ≥70-year-old (17.04 vs. 15.01%) and smokers (11.04 vs. 9.24%, p < 0.0001). In addition, multiple logistic regression showed that hypertension and diabetes were significantly more frequent in males [adjusted odds ratio (ORa) = 66.19 and ORa = 22.90]. Conclusions Understanding the differences in outcomes between male and female patients will inform gender equity responsive approach to COVID-19 and enhance the effectiveness of clinical practice, health policy and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer A. Kharroubi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon,School of Health and Related Research, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Samer A. Kharroubi ;
| | - Marwa Diab-El-Harake
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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40
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Hussain T, Kallies A, Vasanthakumar A. Sex-bias in CD8 + T-cell stemness and exhaustion in cancer. Clin Transl Immunology 2022; 11:e1414. [PMID: 36051310 PMCID: PMC9418121 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This commentary article highlights two recently published studies, which for the first time revealed the immunological underpinnings of sex-bias in cancer incidence and mortality. These studies showed that the androgen receptor restrains anti-tumour immunity in males by repressing cytotoxic genes in CD8+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabinda Hussain
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute Heidelberg VIC Australia.,La Trobe University Bundoora VIC Australia
| | - Axel Kallies
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia.,Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Ajithkumar Vasanthakumar
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute Heidelberg VIC Australia.,La Trobe University Bundoora VIC Australia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
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41
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Taves MD, Ashwell JD. Effects of sex steroids on thymic epithelium and thymocyte development. Front Immunol 2022; 13:975858. [PMID: 36119041 PMCID: PMC9478935 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.975858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex steroid hormones have major effects on the thymus. Age-related increases in androgens and estrogens and pregnancy-induced increases in progestins all cause dramatic thymic atrophy. Atrophy can also be induced by treatment with exogenous sex steroids and reversed by ablation of endogenous sex steroids. Although these observations are frequently touted as evidence of steroid lymphotoxicity, they are often driven by steroid signaling in thymic epithelial cells (TEC), which are highly steroid responsive. Here, we outline the effects of sex steroids on the thymus and T cell development. We focus on studies that have examined steroid signaling in vivo, aiming to emphasize the actions of endogenous steroids which, via TEC, have remarkable programming effects on the TCR repertoire. Due to the dramatic effects of steroids on TEC, especially thymic involution, the direct effects of sex steroid signaling in thymocytes are less well understood. We outline studies that could be important in addressing these possibilities, and highlight suggestive findings of sex steroid generation within the thymus itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D. Taves
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Jonathan D. Ashwell, ; Matthew D. Taves,
| | - Jonathan D. Ashwell
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Jonathan D. Ashwell, ; Matthew D. Taves,
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42
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Prevalence and Significance of Antinuclear Antibodies in Biopsy-Proven Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:8446170. [PMID: 35990246 PMCID: PMC9391168 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8446170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Aim Associations between antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) and disease severity in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remain unclear. This study aimed to provide reliable estimates of ANA prevalence in subjects with biopsy-proven NAFLD and to investigate whether its associations with liver disease severity were established. Methods Observational studies measuring ANA in NAFLD patients were derived from the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases from inception to March 30, 2022. The effect size was presented as the pooled risk difference, unstandardized mean differences (MDs), and odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results Thirteen articles involving 2331 patients were finally included. Among the subjects with biopsy-proven NAFLD, the overall prevalence of ANA positivity was high as 23% (95% CI: 19%-28%), but there were no statistically significant differences between ANA-positive and ANA-negative NAFLD patients in the levels of liver enzymes and blood lipids, grades of hepatocellular ballooning, lobular and portal inflammation, or risks of moderate-severe steatosis and significant fibrosis. However, the subgroup analysis showed that different geographic regions led to diverse results. ANA positivity was associated with a significantly elevated risk of significant fibrosis in the Eastern population (OR = 2.30, 95% CI: 1.30-4.06) but not in the Western population (OR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.54-1.83). Conclusions Serum ANA was present in approximately one-quarter of subjects with biopsy-proven NAFLD, but it conferred a greater risk of significant fibrosis only in Eastern but not Western populations.
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Zhang Y, Ouyang D, Chen YH, Xia H. Peritoneal resident macrophages in tumor metastasis and immunotherapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:948952. [PMID: 36035994 PMCID: PMC9402905 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.948952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages residing in various tissues play crucial roles in innate immunity, tissue repair, and immune homeostasis. The development and differentiation of macrophages in non-lymphoid tissues are highly regulated by the tissue microenvironment. Peritoneum provides a unique metastatic niche for certain types of tumor cells. As the dominant immune cell type in peritoneal cavity, macrophages control the immune response to tumor and influence the efficacy of anti-tumor therapy. Considering the heterogeneity of macrophages in origin, metabolism, and function, it is always challenging to define the precise roles of macrophages in tumor microenvironment. We review here recent progresses in peritoneal resident macrophage research in the context of physiological and metastatic tumor conditions, which may benefit the development of new anti-tumor therapies through targeting macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Center for Cancer Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dongyun Ouyang
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youhai H. Chen
- Center for Cancer Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Houjun Xia
- Center for Cancer Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Houjun Xia,
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Busch MP, Stramer SL, Stone M, Yu EA, Grebe E, Notari E, Saa P, Ferg R, Manrique IM, Weil N, Fink RV, Levy M, Green V, Cyrus S, Williamson PC, Haynes J, Groves J, Krysztof D, Custer B, Kleinman S, Biggerstaff BJ, Opsomer JD, Jones JM. Population-Weighted Seroprevalence From Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection, Vaccination, and Hybrid Immunity Among US Blood Donations From January to December 2021. Clin Infect Dis 2022; 75:S254-S263. [PMID: 35684973 PMCID: PMC9214177 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination, independently and combined ("hybrid immunity"), result in partial protection from subsequent infection and strong protection from severe disease. Proportions of the US population who have been infected, vaccinated, or have hybrid immunity remain unclear, posing a challenge for assessing effective pandemic mitigation strategies. METHODS In this serial cross-sectional study, nationwide blood donor specimens collected during January-December 2021 were tested for anti-spike and anti-nucleocapsid antibodies, and donor COVID-19 vaccination history of ≥1 dose was collected. Monthly seroprevalence induced from SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19 vaccination, or both, were estimated. Estimates were weighted to account for demographic differences from the general population and were compared temporally and by demographic factors. RESULTS Overall, 1 123 855 blood samples were assayed. From January to December 2021, the weighted percentage of donations with seropositivity changed as follows: seropositivity due to vaccination without previous infection, increase from 3.5% (95% confidence interval, 3.4%-3.7%) to 64.0%, (63.5%-64.5%); seropositivity due to previous infection without vaccination, decrease from 15.6% (15.2%-16.0%) to 11.7% (11.4%-12.0%); and seropositivity due to hybrid immunity, increase from 0.7% (0.6%-0.7%) to 18.9% (18.5%-19.3%). Combined seroprevalence from infection, vaccination, or both increased from 19.8% (19.3%-20.2%) to 94.5% (93.5%-94.0%). Infection- and vaccination-induced antibody responses varied significantly by age, race-ethnicity, and region, but not by sex. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate substantial increases in population humoral immunity from SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19 vaccination, and hybrid immunity during 2021. These findings are important to consider in future COVID-19 studies and long-term pandemic mitigation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Busch
- Corresponding authors Michael P. Busch, MD. PhD Vitalant Research Institute 270 Masonic Avenue San Francisco, CA 94118
| | - Susan L. Stramer
- American Red Cross, Scientific Affairs, Gaithersburg and Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Mars Stone
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA,University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Elaine A. Yu
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA,University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Eduard Grebe
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA,University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Edward Notari
- American Red Cross, Scientific Affairs, Gaithersburg and Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Paula Saa
- American Red Cross, Scientific Affairs, Gaithersburg and Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - James Haynes
- American Red Cross, Scientific Affairs, Gaithersburg and Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Jamel Groves
- American Red Cross, Scientific Affairs, Gaithersburg and Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - David Krysztof
- American Red Cross, Scientific Affairs, Gaithersburg and Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Brian Custer
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA,University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Steve Kleinman
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
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Zhang J, Shu T, Zhu R, Yang F, Zhang B, Lai X. The Long-Term Effect of COVID-19 Disease Severity on Risk of Diabetes Incidence and the Near 1-Year Follow-Up Outcomes among Postdischarge Patients in Wuhan. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11113094. [PMID: 35683480 PMCID: PMC9181214 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11113094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We assessed the nearly 1-year health consequences following discharge and related risk factors of COVID-19 infection and further explored the long-term effect of COVID-19 disease severity on the risk of diabetes incidence. This prospective study included 248 COVID-19 patients discharged from Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine who were followed up between 1 March and 10 June 2021. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate risk factors. The top ten symptoms were shortness of breath (30.3%), sore or dry throat (25.7%), cough (23.2%), expectoration (23.2%), body pain (22.3%), chest tightness (20.8%), palpitations (17.8%), sleep difficulties (17.0%), fatigue (16.6%), and anxiety (15.3%). Hypertension was associated with fatigue (OR = 2.51, 95% CI: 1.08, 5.80), shortness of breath (OR = 2.34, 95% CI: 1.16, 4.69), palpitations (OR = 2.82, 95% CI: 1.26, 6.31), expectoration (OR = 2.08, 95% CI: 1.01, 4.30), and sore or dry throat (OR = 2.71, 95% CI: 1.30, 5.65). Diabetes was associated with palpitations (OR = 3.22, 95% CI: 1.18, 8.81). Critical illness was associated with an increased risk of diabetes incidence after discharge (OR = 2.90, 95% CI: 1.07, 7.88), which seemed more evident in males. Long COVID-19 symptoms were common at 1-year postdischarge; hypertension and diabetes could be projected as potential risk factors. We are among the first researchers to find that critical illness is associated with incident diabetes after discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430022, China; (J.Z.); (T.S.)
| | - Tingting Shu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430022, China; (J.Z.); (T.S.)
| | - Rui Zhu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430022, China;
| | - Fengwen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; (F.Y.); (B.Z.)
| | - Boli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; (F.Y.); (B.Z.)
| | - Xuefeng Lai
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Health Effects of Environmental Pollution, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430030, China
- Correspondence:
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Malnutrition Increases Hospital Length of Stay and Mortality among Adult Inpatients with COVID-19. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061310. [PMID: 35334967 PMCID: PMC8949069 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Malnutrition has been linked to adverse health economic outcomes. There is a paucity of data on malnutrition in patients admitted with COVID-19. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study consisting of 4311 COVID-19 adult (18 years and older) inpatients at 5 Johns Hopkins-affiliated hospitals between 1 March and 3 December 2020. Malnourishment was identified using the malnutrition universal screening tool (MUST), then confirmed by registered dietitians. Statistics were conducted with SAS v9.4 (Cary, NC, USA) software to examine the effect of malnutrition on mortality and hospital length of stay among COVID-19 inpatient encounters, while accounting for possible covariates in regression analysis predicting mortality or the log-transformed length of stay. Results: COVID-19 patients who were older, male, or had lower BMIs had a higher likelihood of mortality. Patients with malnutrition were 76% more likely to have mortality (p < 0.001) and to have a 105% longer hospital length of stay (p < 0.001). Overall, 12.9% (555/4311) of adult COVID-19 patients were diagnosed with malnutrition and were associated with an 87.9% increase in hospital length of stay (p < 0.001). Conclusions: In a cohort of COVID-19 adult inpatients, malnutrition was associated with a higher likelihood of mortality and increased hospital length of stay.
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