1
|
Villares M, Lourenço N, Ktorza I, Berthelet J, Panagiotou A, Richard A, Amo A, Koziy Y, Medjkane S, Valente S, Fioravanti R, Pioche-Durieu C, Lignière L, Chevreux G, Mai A, Weitzman JB. Theileria parasites sequester host eIF5A to escape elimination by host-mediated autophagy. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2235. [PMID: 38472173 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45022-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Intracellular pathogens develop elaborate mechanisms to survive within the hostile environments of host cells. Theileria parasites infect bovine leukocytes and cause devastating diseases in cattle in developing countries. Theileria spp. have evolved sophisticated strategies to hijack host leukocytes, inducing proliferative and invasive phenotypes characteristic of cell transformation. Intracellular Theileria parasites secrete proteins into the host cell and recruit host proteins to induce oncogenic signaling for parasite survival. It is unknown how Theileria parasites evade host cell defense mechanisms, such as autophagy, to survive within host cells. Here, we show that Theileria annulata parasites sequester the host eIF5A protein to their surface to escape elimination by autophagic processes. We identified a small-molecule compound that reduces parasite load by inducing autophagic flux in host leukocytes, thereby uncoupling Theileria parasite survival from host cell survival. We took a chemical genetics approach to show that this compound induced host autophagy mechanisms and the formation of autophagic structures via AMPK activation and the release of the host protein eIF5A which is sequestered at the parasite surface. The sequestration of host eIF5A to the parasite surface offers a strategy to escape elimination by autophagic mechanisms. These results show how intracellular pathogens can avoid host defense mechanisms and identify a new anti-Theileria drug that induces autophagy to target parasite removal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Villares
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, UMR7126 Epigenetics and Cell Fate, Paris, 75013, France
| | - Nelly Lourenço
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, UMR7126 Epigenetics and Cell Fate, Paris, 75013, France
| | - Ivan Ktorza
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, UMR7126 Epigenetics and Cell Fate, Paris, 75013, France
| | - Jérémy Berthelet
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, UMR7126 Epigenetics and Cell Fate, Paris, 75013, France
| | - Aristeidis Panagiotou
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, UMR7126 Epigenetics and Cell Fate, Paris, 75013, France
| | - Aurélie Richard
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, UMR7126 Epigenetics and Cell Fate, Paris, 75013, France
| | - Angélique Amo
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, UMR7126 Epigenetics and Cell Fate, Paris, 75013, France
| | - Yulianna Koziy
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, UMR7126 Epigenetics and Cell Fate, Paris, 75013, France
| | - Souhila Medjkane
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, UMR7126 Epigenetics and Cell Fate, Paris, 75013, France
| | - Sergio Valente
- Department of Drug Chemistry & Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Rossella Fioravanti
- Department of Drug Chemistry & Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | | | - Laurent Lignière
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, UMR 7592 Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, 75013, France
| | - Guillaume Chevreux
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, UMR 7592 Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, 75013, France
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Drug Chemistry & Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00185, Italy
- Pasteur Institute, Cenci-Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Jonathan B Weitzman
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, UMR7126 Epigenetics and Cell Fate, Paris, 75013, France.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Blocking AMPK β1 myristoylation enhances AMPK activity and protects mice from high-fat diet-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111862. [PMID: 36543129 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a master regulator of cellular energy homeostasis and a therapeutic target for metabolic diseases. Co/post-translational N-myristoylation of glycine-2 (Gly2) of the AMPK β subunit has been suggested to regulate the distribution of the kinase between the cytosol and membranes through a "myristoyl switch" mechanism. However, the relevance of AMPK myristoylation for metabolic signaling in cells and in vivo is unclear. Here, we generated knockin mice with a Gly2-to-alanine point mutation of AMPKβ1 (β1-G2A). We demonstrate that non-myristoylated AMPKβ1 has reduced stability but is associated with increased kinase activity and phosphorylation of the Thr172 activation site in the AMPK α subunit. Using proximity ligation assays, we show that loss of β1 myristoylation impedes colocalization of the phosphatase PPM1A/B with AMPK in cells. Mice carrying the β1-G2A mutation have improved metabolic health with reduced adiposity, hepatic lipid accumulation, and insulin resistance under conditions of high-fat diet-induced obesity.
Collapse
|
3
|
The phosphorylation of AMPKβ1 is critical for increasing autophagy and maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis in response to fatty acids. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2119824119. [PMID: 36409897 PMCID: PMC9860314 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2119824119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids are vital for the survival of eukaryotes, but when present in excess can have deleterious consequences. The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an important regulator of multiple branches of metabolism. Studies in purified enzyme preparations and cultured cells have shown that AMPK is allosterically activated by small molecules as well as fatty acyl-CoAs through a mechanism involving Ser108 within the regulatory AMPK β1 isoform. However, the in vivo physiological significance of this residue has not been evaluated. In the current study, we generated mice with a targeted germline knock-in (KI) mutation of AMPKβ1 Ser108 to Ala (S108A-KI), which renders the site phospho-deficient. S108A-KI mice had reduced AMPK activity (50 to 75%) in the liver but not in the skeletal muscle. On a chow diet, S108A-KI mice had impairments in exogenous lipid-induced fatty acid oxidation. Studies in mice fed a high-fat diet found that S108A-KI mice had a tendency for greater glucose intolerance and elevated liver triglycerides. Consistent with increased liver triglycerides, livers of S108A-KI mice had reductions in mitochondrial content and respiration that were accompanied by enlarged mitochondria, suggestive of impairments in mitophagy. Subsequent studies in primary hepatocytes found that S108A-KI mice had reductions in palmitate- stimulated Cpt1a and Ppargc1a mRNA, ULK1 phosphorylation and autophagic/mitophagic flux. These data demonstrate an important physiological role of AMPKβ1 Ser108 phosphorylation in promoting fatty acid oxidation, mitochondrial biogenesis and autophagy under conditions of high lipid availability. As both ketogenic diets and intermittent fasting increase circulating free fatty acid levels, AMPK activity, mitochondrial biogenesis, and mitophagy, these data suggest a potential unifying mechanism which may be important in mediating these effects.
Collapse
|
4
|
Yan Y, Li M, Lin J, Ji Y, Wang K, Yan D, Shen Y, Wang W, Huang Z, Jiang H, Sun H, Qi L. Adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase contributes to skeletal muscle health through the control of mitochondrial function. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:947387. [PMID: 36339617 PMCID: PMC9632297 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.947387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is one of the largest organs in the body and the largest protein repository. Mitochondria are the main energy-producing organelles in cells and play an important role in skeletal muscle health and function. They participate in several biological processes related to skeletal muscle metabolism, growth, and regeneration. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a metabolic sensor and regulator of systemic energy balance. AMPK is involved in the control of energy metabolism by regulating many downstream targets. In this review, we propose that AMPK directly controls several facets of mitochondrial function, which in turn controls skeletal muscle metabolism and health. This review is divided into four parts. First, we summarize the properties of AMPK signal transduction and its upstream activators. Second, we discuss the role of mitochondria in myogenesis, muscle atrophy, regeneration post-injury of skeletal muscle cells. Third, we elaborate the effects of AMPK on mitochondrial biogenesis, fusion, fission and mitochondrial autophagy, and discuss how AMPK regulates the metabolism of skeletal muscle by regulating mitochondrial function. Finally, we discuss the effects of AMPK activators on muscle disease status. This review thus represents a foundation for understanding this biological process of mitochondrial dynamics regulated by AMPK in the metabolism of skeletal muscle. A better understanding of the role of AMPK on mitochondrial dynamic is essential to improve mitochondrial function, and hence promote skeletal muscle health and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Binhai County People’s Hospital Affiliated to Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Yancheng, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Infectious Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yanan Ji
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Kexin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Dajun Yan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yuntian Shen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhongwei Huang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Haiyan Jiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Haiyan Jiang, ; Hualin Sun, ; Lei Qi,
| | - Hualin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Haiyan Jiang, ; Hualin Sun, ; Lei Qi,
| | - Lei Qi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Haiyan Jiang, ; Hualin Sun, ; Lei Qi,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hsu CC, Peng D, Cai Z, Lin HK. AMPK signaling and its targeting in cancer progression and treatment. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 85:52-68. [PMID: 33862221 PMCID: PMC9768867 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The intrinsic mechanisms sensing the imbalance of energy in cells are pivotal for cell survival under various environmental insults. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) serves as a central guardian maintaining energy homeostasis by orchestrating diverse cellular processes, such as lipogenesis, glycolysis, TCA cycle, cell cycle progression and mitochondrial dynamics. Given that AMPK plays an essential role in the maintenance of energy balance and metabolism, managing AMPK activation is considered as a promising strategy for the treatment of metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes and obesity. Since AMPK has been attributed to aberrant activation of metabolic pathways, mitochondrial dynamics and functions, and epigenetic regulation, which are hallmarks of cancer, targeting AMPK may open up a new avenue for cancer therapies. Although AMPK is previously thought to be involved in tumor suppression, several recent studies have unraveled its tumor promoting activity. The double-edged sword characteristics for AMPK as a tumor suppressor or an oncogene are determined by distinct cellular contexts. In this review, we will summarize recent progress in dissecting the upstream regulators and downstream effectors for AMPK, discuss the distinct roles of AMPK in cancer regulation and finally offer potential strategies with AMPK targeting in cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Che-Chia Hsu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Danni Peng
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Zhen Cai
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA.
| | - Hui-Kuan Lin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tarasiuk O, Miceli M, Di Domizio A, Nicolini G. AMPK and Diseases: State of the Art Regulation by AMPK-Targeting Molecules. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11071041. [PMID: 36101419 PMCID: PMC9312068 DOI: 10.3390/biology11071041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
5′-adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an enzyme that regulates cellular energy homeostasis, glucose, fatty acid uptake, and oxidation at low cellular ATP levels. AMPK plays an important role in several molecular mechanisms and physiological conditions. It has been shown that AMPK can be dysregulated in different chronic diseases, such as inflammation, diabetes, obesity, and cancer. Due to its fundamental role in physiological and pathological cellular processes, AMPK is considered one of the most important targets for treating different diseases. Over decades, different AMPK targeting compounds have been discovered, starting from those that activate AMPK indirectly by altering intracellular AMP:ATP ratio to compounds that activate AMPK directly by binding to its activation sites. However, indirect altering of intracellular AMP:ATP ratio influences different cellular processes and induces side effects. Direct AMPK activators showed more promising results in eliminating side effects as well as the possibility to engineer drugs for specific AMPK isoforms activation. In this review, we discuss AMPK targeting drugs, especially concentrating on those compounds that activate AMPK by mimicking AMP. These compounds are poorly described in the literature and still, a lot of questions remain unanswered about the exact mechanism of AMP regulation. Future investigation of the mechanism of AMP binding will make it possible to develop new compounds that, in combination with others, can activate AMPK in a synergistic manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Tarasiuk
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Matteo Miceli
- SPILLOproject—Innovative In Silico Solutions for Drug R&D and Pharmacology, 20037 Paderno Dugnano, Italy; (M.M.); (A.D.D.)
| | - Alessandro Di Domizio
- SPILLOproject—Innovative In Silico Solutions for Drug R&D and Pharmacology, 20037 Paderno Dugnano, Italy; (M.M.); (A.D.D.)
| | - Gabriella Nicolini
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ravel-Chapuis A, Jasmin BJ. Combinatorial therapies for rescuing myotonic dystrophy type 1 skeletal muscle defects. Trends Mol Med 2022; 28:439-442. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
8
|
Sanders MJ, Ratinaud Y, Neopane K, Bonhoure N, Day EA, Ciclet O, Lassueur S, Naranjo Pinta M, Deak M, Brinon B, Christen S, Steinberg GR, Barron D, Sakamoto K. Natural (dihydro)phenanthrene plant compounds are direct activators of AMPK through its allosteric drug and metabolite-binding site. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101852. [PMID: 35331736 PMCID: PMC9108889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a central energy sensor that coordinates the response to energy challenges to maintain cellular ATP levels. AMPK is a potential therapeutic target for treating metabolic disorders, and several direct synthetic activators of AMPK have been developed that show promise in preclinical models of type 2 diabetes. These compounds have been shown to regulate AMPK through binding to a novel allosteric drug and metabolite (ADaM)–binding site on AMPK, and it is possible that other molecules might similarly bind this site. Here, we performed a high-throughput screen with natural plant compounds to identify such direct allosteric activators of AMPK. We identified a natural plant dihydrophenathrene, Lusianthridin, which allosterically activates and protects AMPK from dephosphorylation by binding to the ADaM site. Similar to other ADaM site activators, Lusianthridin showed preferential activation of AMPKβ1-containing complexes in intact cells and was unable to activate an AMPKβ1 S108A mutant. Lusianthridin dose-dependently increased phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase in mouse primary hepatocytes, which led to a corresponding decrease in de novo lipogenesis. This ability of Lusianthridin to inhibit lipogenesis was impaired in hepatocytes from β1 S108A knock-in mice and mice bearing a mutation at the AMPK phosphorylation site of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1/2. Finally, we show that activation of AMPK by natural compounds extends to several analogs of Lusianthridin and the related chemical series, phenanthrenes. The emergence of natural plant compounds that regulate AMPK through the ADaM site raises the distinct possibility that other natural compounds share a common mechanism of regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Sanders
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Yann Ratinaud
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Katyayanee Neopane
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland; School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Bonhoure
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Emily A Day
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity, and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Olivier Ciclet
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Steve Lassueur
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martine Naranjo Pinta
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maria Deak
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Brinon
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Christen
- Nestle Institute of Food Safety and Analytical Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gregory R Steinberg
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity, and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Denis Barron
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kei Sakamoto
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
AMPK activation by SC4 inhibits noradrenaline-induced lipolysis and insulin-stimulated lipogenesis in white adipose tissue. Biochem J 2021; 478:3869-3889. [PMID: 34668531 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The effects of small-molecule AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activators in rat epididymal adipocytes were compared. SC4 was the most effective and submaximal doses of SC4 and 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide (AICA) riboside were combined to study the effects of AMPK activation in white adipose tissue (WAT). Incubation of rat adipocytes with SC4 + AICA riboside inhibited noradrenaline-induced lipolysis and decreased hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) Ser563 phosphorylation, without affecting HSL Ser565 phosphorylation. Preincubation of fat pads from wild-type (WT) mice with SC4 + AICA riboside inhibited insulin-stimulated lipogenesis from glucose or acetate and these effects were lost in AMPKα1 knockout (KO) mice, indicating AMPKα1 dependency. Moreover, in fat pads from acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC)1/2 S79A/S212A double knockin versus WT mice, the effect of SC4 + AICA riboside to inhibit insulin-stimulated lipogenesis from acetate was lost, pinpointing ACC as the main AMPK target. Treatment with SC4 + AICA riboside decreased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, an effect that was still observed in fat pads from AMPKα1 KO versus WT mice, suggesting the effect was partly AMPKα1-independent. SC4 + AICA riboside treatment had no effect on the insulin-induced increase in palmitate esterification nor on sn-glycerol-3-phosphate-O-acyltransferase activity. Therefore in WAT, AMPK activation inhibits noradrenaline-induced lipolysis and suppresses insulin-stimulated lipogenesis primarily by inactivating ACC and by inhibiting glucose uptake.
Collapse
|
10
|
Cheang YZN, Ting HRD, Koh HQV, Alonso S. In vitro and in vivo efficacy of Metformin against dengue. Antiviral Res 2021; 195:105186. [PMID: 34655660 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2021.105186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Dengue is a prevalent mosquito-borne viral infection in the tropical and sub-tropical regions. Its potential to progress into severe, life-threatening disease, has pressed the research community to develop safe, effective and affordable antivirals. Metformin (MET), a first-line antidiabetic drug and indirect AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator, has recently emerged as a potential anti-DENV therapeutic candidate, based on some experimental evidence supporting anti-DENV activity in vitro and widely reported anti-inflammatory properties. Here, we examined MET in vitro activity against the four DENV serotypes and in two different mammalian cell lines. MET displayed a poor anti-DENV activity in BHK-21 cells with IC50 in the mM range, which was associated with increased p-AMPKα levels, thereby supporting that MET antiviral activity is mediated through AMPK activation. In contrast, MET exerted a pro-DENV activity in Vero cells that did not correlate with increased AMPK activation, suggesting AMPK-independent effects. Treatment with compound 991, a direct AMPK activator, led to reduced viral titers against all four serotypes and across both mammalian cell lines. In vivo, oral administration of MET did not reduce viremia titers in an asymptomatic mouse model, neither did it improve disease severity and progression in a mouse model of severe dengue. Instead, high dose regimen worsened disease outcome as evidenced by increased mortality, higher viremia and hyper-inflammation. Therefore, while AMPK may represent a potential host target, MET does not seem to hold great promise as a pan-serotype anti-dengue drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- You Zhi Nicholas Cheang
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Heng Rong Donald Ting
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hui Qi Vanessa Koh
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sylvie Alonso
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jørgensen NO, Kjøbsted R, Larsen MR, Birk JB, Andersen NR, Albuquerque B, Schjerling P, Miller R, Carling D, Pehmøller CK, Wojtaszewski JFP. Direct small molecule ADaM-site AMPK activators reveal an AMPKγ3-independent mechanism for blood glucose lowering. Mol Metab 2021; 51:101259. [PMID: 34033941 PMCID: PMC8381035 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Skeletal muscle is an attractive target for blood glucose-lowering pharmacological interventions. Oral dosing of small molecule direct pan-activators of AMPK that bind to the allosteric drug and metabolite (ADaM) site, lowers blood glucose through effects in skeletal muscle. The molecular mechanisms responsible for this effect are not described in detail. This study aimed to illuminate the mechanisms by which ADaM-site activators of AMPK increase glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. Further, we investigated the consequence of co-stimulating muscles with two types of AMPK activators i.e., ADaM-site binding small molecules and the prodrug AICAR. METHODS The effect of the ADaM-site binding small molecules (PF739 and 991), AICAR or co-stimulation with PF739 or 991 and AICAR on muscle glucose uptake was investigated ex vivo in m. extensor digitorum longus (EDL) excised from muscle-specific AMPKα1α2 as well as whole-body AMPKγ3-deficient mouse models. In vitro complex-specific AMPK activity was measured by immunoprecipitation and molecular signaling was assessed by western blotting in muscle lysate. To investigate the transferability of these studies, we treated diet-induced obese mice in vivo with PF739 and measured complex-specific AMPK activation in skeletal muscle. RESULTS Incubation of skeletal muscle with PF739 or 991 increased skeletal muscle glucose uptake in a dose-dependent manner. Co-incubating PF739 or 991 with a maximal dose of AICAR increased glucose uptake to a greater extent than any of the treatments alone. Neither PF739 nor 991 increased AMPKα2β2γ3 activity to the same extent as AICAR, while co-incubation led to potentiated effects on AMPKα2β2γ3 activation. In muscle from AMPKγ3 KO mice, AICAR-stimulated glucose uptake was ablated. In contrast, the effect of PF739 or 991 on glucose uptake was not different between WT and AMPKγ3 KO muscles. In vivo PF739 treatment lowered blood glucose levels and increased muscle AMPKγ1-complex activity 2-fold, while AMPKα2β2γ3 activity was not affected. CONCLUSIONS ADaM-site binding AMPK activators increase glucose uptake independently of AMPKγ3. Co-incubation with PF739 or 991 and AICAR potentiates the effects on muscle glucose uptake and AMPK activation. In vivo, PF739 lowers blood glucose and selectively activates muscle AMPKγ1-complexes. Collectively, this suggests that pharmacological activation of AMPKγ1-containing complexes in skeletal muscle can increase glucose uptake and can lead to blood glucose lowering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas O Jørgensen
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Kjøbsted
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Magnus R Larsen
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper B Birk
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicoline R Andersen
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bina Albuquerque
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Peter Schjerling
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Russell Miller
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David Carling
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Christian K Pehmøller
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jørgen F P Wojtaszewski
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ahwazi D, Neopane K, Markby GR, Kopietz F, Ovens AJ, Dall M, Hassing AS, Gräsle P, Alshuweishi Y, Treebak JT, Salt IP, Göransson O, Zeqiraj E, Scott JW, Sakamoto K. Investigation of the specificity and mechanism of action of the ULK1/AMPK inhibitor SBI-0206965. Biochem J 2021; 478:2977-2997. [PMID: 34259310 PMCID: PMC8370752 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
SBI-0206965, originally identified as an inhibitor of the autophagy initiator kinase ULK1, has recently been reported as a more potent and selective AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor relative to the widely used, but promiscuous inhibitor Compound C/Dorsomorphin. Here, we studied the effects of SBI-0206965 on AMPK signalling and metabolic readouts in multiple cell types, including hepatocytes, skeletal muscle cells and adipocytes. We observed SBI-0206965 dose dependently attenuated AMPK activator (991)-stimulated ACC phosphorylation and inhibition of lipogenesis in hepatocytes. SBI-0206965 (≥25 μM) modestly inhibited AMPK signalling in C2C12 myotubes, but also inhibited insulin signalling, insulin-mediated/AMPK-independent glucose uptake, and AICA-riboside uptake. We performed an extended screen of SBI-0206965 against a panel of 140 human protein kinases in vitro, which showed SBI-0206965 inhibits several kinases, including members of AMPK-related kinases (NUAK1, MARK3/4), equally or more potently than AMPK or ULK1. This screen, together with molecular modelling, revealed that most SBI-0206965-sensitive kinases contain a large gatekeeper residue with a preference for methionine at this position. We observed that mutation of the gatekeeper methionine to a smaller side chain amino acid (threonine) rendered AMPK and ULK1 resistant to SBI-0206965 inhibition. These results demonstrate that although SBI-0206965 has utility for delineating AMPK or ULK1 signalling and cellular functions, the compound potently inhibits several other kinases and critical cellular functions such as glucose and nucleoside uptake. Our study demonstrates a role for the gatekeeper residue as a determinant of the inhibitor sensitivity and inhibitor-resistant mutant forms could be exploited as potential controls to probe specific cellular effects of SBI-0206965.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danial Ahwazi
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katyayanee Neopane
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Societé Produit de Nestlé S.A
- School of Life Sciences, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Greg R. Markby
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Franziska Kopietz
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ashley J. Ovens
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Melbourne, Australia
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Morten Dall
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna S. Hassing
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pamina Gräsle
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yazeed Alshuweishi
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jonas T. Treebak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ian P. Salt
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Olga Göransson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Elton Zeqiraj
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, U.K
| | - John W. Scott
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Melbourne, Australia
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kei Sakamoto
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Behl T, Gupta A, Sehgal A, Sharma S, Singh S, Sharma N, Diaconu CC, Rahdar A, Hafeez A, Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Bungau S. A spotlight on underlying the mechanism of AMPK in diabetes complications. Inflamm Res 2021; 70:939-957. [PMID: 34319417 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-021-01488-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is one of the centenarian metabolic disorders and is considered as a stellar and leading health issue worldwide. According to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) Diabetes Atlas and National Diabetes Statistics, the number of diabetic patients will increase at an exponential rate from 463 to 700 million by the year 2045. Thus, there is a great need for therapies targeting functions that can help in maintaining the homeostasis of glucose levels and improving insulin sensitivity. 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, by various direct and indirect factors, might help to overcome the hurdles (like insulin resistance) associated with the conventional approach. MATERIALS AND RESULTS A thorough review and analysis was conducted using various database including MEDLINE and EMBASE databases, with Google scholar using various keywords. This extensive review concluded that various drugs (plant-based, synthetic indirect/direct activators) are available, showing tremendous potential in maintaining the homeostasis of glucose and lipid metabolism, without causing insulin resistance, and improving insulin sensitivity. Moreover, these drugs have an effect against diabetes and are therapeutically beneficial in the treatment of diabetes-associated complications (neuropathy and nephropathy) via mechanism involving inhibition of nuclear translocation of SMAD4 (SMAD family member) expression and association with peripheral nociceptive neurons mediated by AMPK. CONCLUSION From the available information, it may be concluded that various indirect/direct activators show tremendous potential in maintaining the homeostasis of glucose and lipid metabolism, without resulting in insulin resistance, and may improve insulin sensitivity, as well. Therefore, in a nut shell, it may be concluded that the regulation of APMK functions by various direct/indirect activators may bring promising results. These activators may emerge as a novel therapy in diabetes and its associated complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Amit Gupta
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sanchay Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Camelia Cristina Diaconu
- Internal Medicine Department, Clinical Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.,Department 5, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Abbas Rahdar
- Department of Physics, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Abdul Hafeez
- Glocal School of Pharmacy, Glocal University, Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Haryana, India.,Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
DİK B, COŞKUN D, BAHÇİVAN E, ÜNEY K. Potential antidiabetic activity of benzimidazole derivative albendazole and lansoprazole drugs in different doses in experimental type 2 diabetic rats. Turk J Med Sci 2021; 51:1579-1586. [PMID: 33641315 PMCID: PMC8283501 DOI: 10.3906/sag-2004-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aim The aim of this study is to determine the effects of different concentrations of albendazole and lansoprazole, which were benzimidazole derivatives, on endocrinologic and biochemical parameters in experimental type 2 diabetic (T2D) rats. Materials and methods In this study, 46 male Wistar Albino rats were used. Animals were divided as healthy control (0.1 mL/rat/day saline, s.c, n = 6), diabetes control (0.1 mL/rat/day saline, s.c, n = 8), diabetes+low-dose albendazole (5 mg/kg, oral, n = 8), diabetes+high- dose albendazole (10 mg/kg, oral n = 8), diabetes+low-dose lansoprazole (15 mg/kg, subcutaneous, n = 8), and diabetes+high-dose lansoprazole (30 mg/kg, subcutaneous, n = 8). All groups were treated for 8 weeks. The blood samples were analyzed by autoanalyzer and ELISA kits for biochemical and endocrinological parameters, respectively. Results Glucose, HbA1c, triglyceride, low density cholesterol (LDL), leptin, and Homeostatic Model Assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels increased and insulin and HOMA-β levels decreased in the diabetic rats compared to the healthy control group. The glucose, HbA1c, and triglyceride levels were partially decreased; however, insulin and HOMA-β levels were increased by low-dose albendazole therapy. The high dose of lansoprazole treatment increased insulin level. Conclusion The lansoprazole and albendazole treatments can be a potential drug or combined with antidiabetic drugs in T2D treatment by Adenosine 5′-monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), incretin-like effect and other antidiabetic mechanisms. It may be beneficial to create an effective treatment strategy by developing more specific substances with benzimidazole scaffold.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Burak DİK
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary Faculty, SelÇuk University, KonyaTurkey
| | - Devran COŞKUN
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary Faculty, Siirt University, SiirtTurkey
| | - Emre BAHÇİVAN
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary Faculty, Kafkas University, KarsTurkey
| | - Kamil ÜNEY
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary Faculty, SelÇuk University, KonyaTurkey
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
A-769662 inhibits adipocyte glucose uptake in an AMPK-independent manner. Biochem J 2021; 478:633-646. [PMID: 33493298 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is considered a valid strategy for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. However, despite the importance of adipose tissue for whole-body energy homeostasis, the effect of AMPK activation in adipocytes has only been studied to a limited extent and mainly with the AMP-mimetic 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR), which has limited specificity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the allosteric AMPK activators A-769662 and 991 on glucose uptake in adipocytes. For this purpose, primary rat or human adipocytes, and cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes, were treated with either of the allosteric activators, or AICAR, and basal and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was assessed. Additionally, the effect of AMPK activators on insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt and Akt substrate of 160 kDa was assessed. Furthermore, primary adipocytes from ADaM site binding drug-resistant AMPKβ1 S108A knock-in mice were employed to investigate the specificity of the drugs for the observed effects. Our results show that insulin-stimulated adipocyte glucose uptake was significantly reduced by A-769662 but not 991, yet neither activator had any clear effects on basal or insulin-stimulated Akt/AS160 signaling. The use of AMPKβ1 S108A mutant-expressing adipocytes revealed that the observed inhibition of glucose uptake by A-769662 is most likely AMPK-independent, a finding which is supported by the rapid inhibitory effect A-769662 exerts on glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. These data suggest that AMPK activation per se does not inhibit glucose uptake in adipocytes and that the effects of AICAR and A-769662 are AMPK-independent.
Collapse
|
16
|
Rhein P, Desjardins EM, Rong P, Ahwazi D, Bonhoure N, Stolte J, Santos MD, Ovens AJ, Ehrlich AM, Sanchez Garcia JL, Ouyang Q, Yabut JM, Kjolby M, Membrez M, Jessen N, Oakhill JS, Treebak JT, Maire P, Scott JW, Sanders MJ, Descombes P, Chen S, Steinberg GR, Sakamoto K. Compound- and fiber type-selective requirement of AMPKγ3 for insulin-independent glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. Mol Metab 2021; 51:101228. [PMID: 33798773 PMCID: PMC8381060 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The metabolic master-switch AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) mediates insulin-independent glucose uptake in muscle and regulates the metabolic activity of brown and beige adipose tissue (BAT). The regulatory AMPKγ3 isoform is uniquely expressed in skeletal muscle and potentially in BAT. Herein, we investigated the role that AMPKγ3 plays in mediating skeletal muscle glucose uptake and whole-body glucose clearance in response to small-molecule activators that act on AMPK via distinct mechanisms. We also assessed whether γ3 plays a role in adipose thermogenesis and browning. Methods Global AMPKγ3 knockout (KO) mice were generated. A systematic whole-body, tissue, and molecular phenotyping linked to glucose homeostasis was performed in γ3 KO and wild-type (WT) mice. Glucose uptake in glycolytic and oxidative skeletal muscle ex vivo as well as blood glucose clearance in response to small molecule AMPK activators that target the nucleotide-binding domain of the γ subunit (AICAR) and allosteric drug and metabolite (ADaM) site located at the interface of the α and β subunit (991, MK-8722) were assessed. Oxygen consumption, thermography, and molecular phenotyping with a β3-adrenergic receptor agonist (CL-316,243) treatment were performed to assess BAT thermogenesis, characteristics, and function. Results Genetic ablation of γ3 did not affect body weight, body composition, physical activity, and parameters associated with glucose homeostasis under chow or high-fat diet. γ3 deficiency had no effect on fiber-type composition, mitochondrial content and components, or insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. Glycolytic muscles in γ3 KO mice showed a partial loss of AMPKα2 activity, which was associated with reduced levels of AMPKα2 and β2 subunit isoforms. Notably, γ3 deficiency resulted in a selective loss of AICAR-, but not MK-8722-induced blood glucose-lowering in vivo and glucose uptake specifically in glycolytic muscle ex vivo. We detected γ3 in BAT and found that it preferentially interacts with α2 and β2. We observed no differences in oxygen consumption, thermogenesis, morphology of BAT and inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT), or markers of BAT activity between WT and γ3 KO mice. Conclusions These results demonstrate that γ3 plays a key role in mediating AICAR- but not ADaM site binding drug-stimulated blood glucose clearance and glucose uptake specifically in glycolytic skeletal muscle. We also showed that γ3 is dispensable for β3-adrenergic receptor agonist-induced thermogenesis and browning of iWAT. Loss of AMPKγ3 reduces glucose uptake in glycolytic skeletal muscle and whole-body glucose clearance with AMP-mimetic drug. γ3 is not required for muscle glucose uptake and whole-body glucose clearance with ADaM site-targeted allosteric activators. γ3 is present and forms a trimeric complex with α2 and β2 in brown adipose tissue. γ3 is dispensable for adipose thermogenesis and browning in response to a β3-adrenergic receptor agonist.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Rhein
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland; School of Life Sciences, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Eric M Desjardins
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity, and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8N3Z5, Canada; Department of Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8N3Z5, Canada
| | - Ping Rong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Danial Ahwazi
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Nicolas Bonhoure
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Jens Stolte
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Matthieu D Santos
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Ashley J Ovens
- Metabolic Signalling Laboratory, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia; Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Amy M Ehrlich
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - José L Sanchez Garcia
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Qian Ouyang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Julian M Yabut
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity, and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8N3Z5, Canada; Department of Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8N3Z5, Canada
| | - Mads Kjolby
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mathieu Membrez
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Niels Jessen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jonathan S Oakhill
- Metabolic Signalling Laboratory, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia; Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Jonas T Treebak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Pascal Maire
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, 75014, Paris, France
| | - John W Scott
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia; Protein Chemistry and Metabolism Unit, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Matthew J Sanders
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Descombes
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Shuai Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Gregory R Steinberg
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity, and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8N3Z5, Canada; Department of Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8N3Z5, Canada
| | - Kei Sakamoto
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Xiang YC, Shen J, Si Y, Liu XW, Zhang L, Wen J, Zhang T, Yu QQ, Lu JF, Xiang K, Liu Y. Paris saponin VII, a direct activator of AMPK, induces autophagy and exhibits therapeutic potential in non-small-cell lung cancer. Chin J Nat Med 2021; 19:195-204. [PMID: 33781453 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(21)60021-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Paris saponin VII (PSVII), a bioactive constituent extracted from Trillium tschonoskii Maxim., is cytotoxic to several cancer types. This study was designed to explore whether PSVII prevents non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) proliferation and to investigate its molecular target. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been implicated in the activation of autophagy in distinct tissues. In cultured human NSCLC cell lines, PSVII induces autophagy by activating AMPK and inhibiting mTOR signaling. Furthermore, PSVII-induced autophagy activation was reversed by the AMPK inhibitor compound C. Computational docking analysis showed that PSVII directly interacted with the allosteric drug and metabolite site of AMPK to stabilize its activation. Microscale thermophoresis assay and drug affinity responsive target stability assay further confirmed the high affinity between PSVII and AMPK. In summary, PSVII acts as a direct AMPK activator to induce cell autophagy, which inhibits the growth of NSCLC cells. In the future, PSVII therapy should be applied to treat patients with NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Xiang
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research and Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research and Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Yuan Si
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research and Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Xue-Wen Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research and Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research and Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Jun Wen
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research and Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Te Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research and Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China; Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Qing-Qing Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research and Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China; Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Jun-Fei Lu
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research and Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Ke Xiang
- Department of Science and Education, Gucheng People's Hospital, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441700, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research and Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China; Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bi Q, Gu W, Meng F, Yang X, Zeng L, Liang L, Yang M, Zhang T, Yu J. Pharmacological and metagenomics evidence of polysaccharide from Polygonum multiflorum in the alleviation of insulin resistance. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:1070-1079. [PMID: 32687904 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Total polysaccharide from Polygonum multiflorum (PS) and 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxy-stilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (TSG) could relieve high-fat and high-sugar diet (HF-HSD) induced rats' insulin resistance (IR) by gut microbiota and host regulation. We found that PS and TSG significantly reversed the increase of fasting blood glucose and the decrease of glucose tolerance in HF-HSD induced IR rats. PS and TSG effectively reversed the imbalance of Firmicutes/Bacteroides caused by an HF-HSD, and significantly reduced the relative abundance of Proteobacteria. It also affected the functional genes of gut microbiota and regulated short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and its downstream signal protein molecules. Together, these results indicated that PS and TSG alleviated HF-HSD induced IR by promoting gut microbiota and host function. Thus, PS and TSG may be promising lead substances for developing IR inhibitors that could regulate gut microbiota and its molecular messenger SCFAs to remedy IR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Bi
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Wen Gu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Fanying Meng
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xingxin Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Linxi Zeng
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Li Liang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Min Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jie Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Coccimiglio IF, Clarke DC. ADP is the dominant controller of AMP-activated protein kinase activity dynamics in skeletal muscle during exercise. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1008079. [PMID: 32730244 PMCID: PMC7433884 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise training elicits profound metabolic adaptations in skeletal muscle cells. A key molecule in coordinating these adaptations is AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), whose activity increases in response to cellular energy demand. AMPK activity dynamics are primarily controlled by the adenine nucleotides ADP and AMP, but how each contributes to its control in skeletal muscle during exercise is unclear. We developed and validated a mathematical model of AMPK signaling dynamics, and then applied global parameter sensitivity analyses with data-informed constraints to predict that AMPK activity dynamics are determined principally by ADP and not AMP. We then used the model to predict the effects of two additional direct-binding activators of AMPK, ZMP and Compound 991, further validating the model and demonstrating its applicability to understanding AMPK pharmacology. The relative effects of direct-binding activators can be understood in terms of four properties, namely their concentrations, binding affinities for AMPK, abilities to enhance AMPK phosphorylation, and the magnitudes of their allosteric activation of AMPK. Despite AMP's favorable values in three of these four properties, ADP is the dominant controller of AMPK activity dynamics in skeletal muscle during exercise by virtue of its higher concentration compared to that of AMP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian F. Coccimiglio
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology and Centre for Cell Biology, Development and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - David C. Clarke
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology and Centre for Cell Biology, Development and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Two isoprenylated flavonoids from Dorstenia psilurus activate AMPK, stimulate glucose uptake, inhibit glucose production and lower glycemia. Biochem J 2020; 476:3687-3704. [PMID: 31782497 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Root extracts of a Cameroon medicinal plant, Dorstenia psilurus, were purified by screening for AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation in incubated mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs). Two isoprenylated flavones that activated AMPK were isolated. Compound 1 was identified as artelasticin by high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and 2D-NMR while its structural isomer, compound 2, was isolated for the first time and differed only by the position of one double bond on one isoprenyl substituent. Treatment of MEFs with purified compound 1 or compound 2 led to rapid and robust AMPK activation at low micromolar concentrations and increased the intracellular AMP:ATP ratio. In oxygen consumption experiments on isolated rat liver mitochondria, compound 1 and compound 2 inhibited complex II of the electron transport chain and in freeze-thawed mitochondria succinate dehydrogenase was inhibited. In incubated rat skeletal muscles, both compounds activated AMPK and stimulated glucose uptake. Moreover, these effects were lost in muscles pre-incubated with AMPK inhibitor SBI-0206965, suggesting AMPK dependency. Incubation of mouse hepatocytes with compound 1 or compound 2 led to AMPK activation, but glucose production was decreased in hepatocytes from both wild-type and AMPKβ1-/- mice, suggesting that this effect was not AMPK-dependent. However, when administered intraperitoneally to high-fat diet-induced insulin-resistant mice, compound 1 and compound 2 had blood glucose-lowering effects. In addition, compound 1 and compound 2 reduced the viability of several human cancer cells in culture. The flavonoids we have identified could be a starting point for the development of new drugs to treat type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
|
21
|
Seabright AP, Fine NHF, Barlow JP, Lord SO, Musa I, Gray A, Bryant JA, Banzhaf M, Lavery GG, Hardie DG, Hodson DJ, Philp A, Lai YC. AMPK activation induces mitophagy and promotes mitochondrial fission while activating TBK1 in a PINK1-Parkin independent manner. FASEB J 2020; 34:6284-6301. [PMID: 32201986 PMCID: PMC7212019 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201903051r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mitophagy is a key process regulating mitochondrial quality control. Several mechanisms have been proposed to regulate mitophagy, but these have mostly been studied using stably expressed non‐native proteins in immortalized cell lines. In skeletal muscle, mitophagy and its molecular mechanisms require more thorough investigation. To measure mitophagy directly, we generated a stable skeletal muscle C2C12 cell line, expressing a mitophagy reporter construct (mCherry‐green fluorescence protein‐mtFIS1101-152). Here, we report that both carbonyl cyanide m‐chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP) treatment and adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation by 991 promote mitochondrial fission via phosphorylation of MFF and induce mitophagy by ~20%. Upon CCCP treatment, but not 991, ubiquitin phosphorylation, a read‐out of PTEN‐induced kinase 1 (PINK1) activity, and Parkin E3 ligase activity toward CDGSH iron sulfur domain 1 (CISD1) were increased. Although the PINK1‐Parkin signaling pathway is active in response to CCCP treatment, we observed no change in markers of mitochondrial protein content. Interestingly, our data shows that TANK‐binding kinase 1 (TBK1) phosphorylation is increased after both CCCP and 991 treatments, suggesting TBK1 activation to be independent of both PINK1 and Parkin. Finally, we confirmed in non‐muscle cell lines that TBK1 phosphorylation occurs in the absence of PINK1 and is regulated by AMPK‐dependent signaling. Thus, AMPK activation promotes mitophagy by enhancing mitochondrial fission (via MFF phosphorylation) and autophagosomal engulfment (via TBK1 activation) in a PINK1‐Parkin independent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex P Seabright
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nicholas H F Fine
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jonathan P Barlow
- Mitochondrial Profiling Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Samuel O Lord
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ibrahim Musa
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alexander Gray
- Division of Cell Signalling & Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Jack A Bryant
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Bioscience, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Manuel Banzhaf
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Bioscience, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Gareth G Lavery
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK.,MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - D Grahame Hardie
- Division of Cell Signalling & Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - David J Hodson
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Andrew Philp
- Diabetes & Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yu-Chiang Lai
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Mitochondrial Profiling Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yue Y, Zhang C, Zhang X, Zhang S, Liu Q, Hu F, Lv X, Li H, Yang J, Wang X, Chen L, Yao Z, Duan H, Niu W. An AMPK/Axin1-Rac1 signaling pathway mediates contraction-regulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 318:E330-E342. [PMID: 31846370 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00272.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Contraction stimulates skeletal muscle glucose uptake predominantly through activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and Rac1. However, the molecular details of how contraction activates these signaling proteins are not clear. Recently, Axin1 has been shown to form a complex with AMPK and liver kinase B1 during glucose starvation-dependent activation of AMPK. Here, we demonstrate that electrical pulse-stimulated (EPS) contraction of C2C12 myotubes or treadmill exercise of C57BL/6 mice enhanced reciprocal coimmunoprecipitation of Axin1 and AMPK from myotube lysates or gastrocnemius muscle tissue. Interestingly, EPS or exercise upregulated total cellular Axin1 levels in an AMPK-dependent manner in C2C12 myotubes and gastrocnemius mouse muscle, respectively. Also, direct activation of AMPK with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide treatment of C2C12 myotubes or gastrocnemius muscle elevated Axin1 protein levels. On the other hand, siRNA-mediated Axin1 knockdown lessened activation of AMPK in contracted myotubes. Further, AMPK inhibition with compound C or siRNA-mediated knockdown of AMPK or Axin1 blocked contraction-induced GTP loading of Rac1, p21-activated kinase phosphorylation, and contraction-stimulated glucose uptake. In summary, our results suggest that an AMPK/Axin1-Rac1 signaling pathway mediates contraction-stimulated skeletal muscle glucose uptake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Yue
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chang Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- School of Pharmacy, Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuejiao Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shitian Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fang Hu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoting Lv
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hanqi Li
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianming Yang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinli Wang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Liming Chen
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhi Yao
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongquan Duan
- School of Pharmacy, Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenyan Niu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Steinberg GR, Carling D. AMP-activated protein kinase: the current landscape for drug development. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2020; 18:527-551. [PMID: 30867601 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-019-0019-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 369] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) as a central regulator of energy homeostasis, many exciting insights into its structure, regulation and physiological roles have been revealed. While exercise, caloric restriction, metformin and many natural products increase AMPK activity and exert a multitude of health benefits, developing direct activators of AMPK to elicit beneficial effects has been challenging. However, in recent years, direct AMPK activators have been identified and tested in preclinical models, and a small number have entered clinical trials. Despite these advances, which disease(s) represent the best indications for therapeutic AMPK activation and the long-term safety of such approaches remain to be established.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory R Steinberg
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, Department of Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | - David Carling
- Cellular Stress Group, Medical Research Council London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Si Y, Wang J, Liu X, Zhou T, Xiang Y, Zhang T, Wang X, Feng T, Xu L, Yu Q, Zhao H, Liu Y. Ethoxysanguinarine, a Novel Direct Activator of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase, Induces Autophagy and Exhibits Therapeutic Potential in Breast Cancer Cells. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1503. [PMID: 31969821 PMCID: PMC6960228 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethoxysanguinarine (Eth) is a benzophenanthridine alkaloid extracted from Macleaya cordata (Willd) R. Br. It possesses antibacterial and antiviral activities and offers therapeutic benefits for the treatment of respiratory syndrome virus-induced cytopathic effects. However, the effect of Eth on human tumors and its pharmacological effects remain to be elucidated, together with its cellular target. Here, we examined the effects of Eth on breast cancer (BC) cells. We found that at low doses, Eth strongly inhibited the viability of BC cell lines and induced autophagy. Mechanistic studies showed that Eth induced autophagy by upregulating the activity of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). The AMPK inhibitor compound C significantly attenuated Eth-induced autophagy and inhibited proliferation. Meanwhile, the AMPK activator metformin significantly enhanced Eth-induced autophagy and inhibited proliferation. Computational docking and affinity assays showed that Eth directly interacted with the allosteric drug and metabolite site of AMPK to stabilize its activation. AMPK was less activated in tumor samples compared to normal breast tissues and was inversely associated with the prognosis of the patients. Moreover, Eth exhibited potent anti-BC activity in nude mice and favorable pharmacokinetics in rats. These characteristics render Eth as a promising candidate drug for further development and for designing new effective AMPK activators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Si
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Jiu Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research and Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xuewen Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Yuchen Xiang
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Te Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xianhui Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Tingting Feng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Li Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Qingqing Yu
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Huzi Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research and Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Collodet C, Foretz M, Deak M, Bultot L, Metairon S, Viollet B, Lefebvre G, Raymond F, Parisi A, Civiletto G, Gut P, Descombes P, Sakamoto K. AMPK promotes induction of the tumor suppressor FLCN through activation of TFEB independently of mTOR. FASEB J 2019; 33:12374-12391. [PMID: 31404503 PMCID: PMC6902666 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900841r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AMPK is a central regulator of energy homeostasis. AMPK not only elicits acute metabolic responses but also promotes metabolic reprogramming and adaptations in the long-term through regulation of specific transcription factors and coactivators. We performed a whole-genome transcriptome profiling in wild-type (WT) and AMPK-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and primary hepatocytes that had been treated with 2 distinct classes of small-molecule AMPK activators. We identified unique compound-dependent gene expression signatures and several AMPK-regulated genes, including folliculin (Flcn), which encodes the tumor suppressor FLCN. Bioinformatics analysis highlighted the lysosomal pathway and the associated transcription factor EB (TFEB) as a key transcriptional mediator responsible for AMPK responses. AMPK-induced Flcn expression was abolished in MEFs lacking TFEB and transcription factor E3, 2 transcription factors with partially redundant function; additionally, the promoter activity of Flcn was profoundly reduced when its putative TFEB-binding site was mutated. The AMPK-TFEB-FLCN axis is conserved across species; swimming exercise in WT zebrafish induced Flcn expression in muscle, which was significantly reduced in AMPK-deficient zebrafish. Mechanistically, we have found that AMPK promotes dephosphorylation and nuclear localization of TFEB independently of mammalian target of rapamycin activity. Collectively, we identified the novel AMPK-TFEB-FLCN axis, which may function as a key cascade for cellular and metabolic adaptations.—Collodet, C., Foretz, M., Deak, M., Bultot, L., Metairon, S., Viollet, B., Lefebvre, G., Raymond, F., Parisi, A., Civiletto, G., Gut, P., Descombes, P., Sakamoto, K. AMPK promotes induction of the tumor suppressor FLCN through activation of TFEB independently of mTOR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Collodet
- Nestlé Research, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland.,School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marc Foretz
- INSERM Unité 1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Maria Deak
- Nestlé Research, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Bultot
- Nestlé Research, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sylviane Metairon
- Nestlé Research, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Benoit Viollet
- INSERM Unité 1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Gregory Lefebvre
- Nestlé Research, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Frederic Raymond
- Nestlé Research, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alice Parisi
- Nestlé Research, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gabriele Civiletto
- Nestlé Research, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Gut
- Nestlé Research, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Descombes
- Nestlé Research, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland.,School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kei Sakamoto
- Nestlé Research, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland.,School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Synthetic energy sensor AMPfret deciphers adenylate-dependent AMPK activation mechanism. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1038. [PMID: 30833561 PMCID: PMC6399333 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08938-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase AMPK senses and regulates cellular energy state. AMPK activation by increasing AMP and ADP concentrations involves a conformational switch within the heterotrimeric complex. This is exploited here for the construction of a synthetic sensor of cellular energetics and allosteric AMPK activation, AMPfret. Based on engineered AMPK fused to fluorescent proteins, the sensor allows direct, real-time readout of the AMPK conformational state by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). AMPfret faithfully and dynamically reports the binding of AMP and ADP to AMPK γ-CBS sites, competed by Mg2+-free ATP. FRET signals correlate with activation of AMPK by allosteric mechanisms and protection from dephosphorylation, attributed here to specific CBS sites, but does not require activation loop phosphorylation. Moreover, AMPfret detects binding of pharmacological compounds to the AMPK α/β-ADaM site enabling activator screening. Cellular assays demonstrate that AMPfret is applicable in vivo for spatiotemporal analysis of energy state and allosteric AMPK activation. AMP-activated protein kinase AMPK senses and regulates cellular energy state. Here the authors engineer a synthetic sensor, AMPfret, that allows direct, real-time readout of the AMPK conformational state by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET).
Collapse
|
27
|
Ducommun S, Deak M, Zeigerer A, Göransson O, Seitz S, Collodet C, Madsen AB, Jensen TE, Viollet B, Foretz M, Gut P, Sumpton D, Sakamoto K. Chemical genetic screen identifies Gapex-5/GAPVD1 and STBD1 as novel AMPK substrates. Cell Signal 2019; 57:45-57. [PMID: 30772465 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key regulator of cellular energy homeostasis, acting as a sensor of energy and nutrient status. As such, AMPK is considered a promising drug target for treatment of medical conditions particularly associated with metabolic dysfunctions. To better understand the downstream effectors and physiological consequences of AMPK activation, we have employed a chemical genetic screen in mouse primary hepatocytes in an attempt to identify novel AMPK targets. Treatment of hepatocytes with a potent and specific AMPK activator 991 resulted in identification of 65 proteins phosphorylated upon AMPK activation, which are involved in a variety of cellular processes such as lipid/glycogen metabolism, vesicle trafficking, and cytoskeleton organisation. Further characterisation and validation using mass spectrometry followed by immunoblotting analysis with phosphorylation site-specific antibodies identified AMPK-dependent phosphorylation of Gapex-5 (also known as GTPase-activating protein and VPS9 domain-containing protein 1 (GAPVD1)) on Ser902 in hepatocytes and starch-binding domain 1 (STBD1) on Ser175 in multiple cells/tissues. As new promising roles of AMPK as a key metabolic regulator continue to emerge, the substrates we identified could provide new mechanistic and therapeutic insights into AMPK-activating drugs in the liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serge Ducommun
- Nestlé Research, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Innovation Park, bâtiment G, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; School of Life Sciences, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maria Deak
- Nestlé Research, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Innovation Park, bâtiment G, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anja Zeigerer
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Olga Göransson
- Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Susanne Seitz
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Caterina Collodet
- Nestlé Research, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Innovation Park, bâtiment G, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; School of Life Sciences, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Agnete B Madsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas E Jensen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Benoit Viollet
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris cité, Paris, France
| | - Marc Foretz
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris cité, Paris, France
| | - Philipp Gut
- Nestlé Research, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Innovation Park, bâtiment G, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Sumpton
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Kei Sakamoto
- Nestlé Research, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Innovation Park, bâtiment G, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; School of Life Sciences, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Waise TMZ, Rasti M, Duca FA, Zhang SY, Bauer PV, Rhodes CJ, Lam TKT. Inhibition of upper small intestinal mTOR lowers plasma glucose levels by inhibiting glucose production. Nat Commun 2019; 10:714. [PMID: 30755615 PMCID: PMC6372624 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08582-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose homeostasis is partly controlled by the energy sensor mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) in the muscle and liver. However, whether mTOR in the small intestine affects glucose homeostasis in vivo remains unknown. Here, we first report that delivery of rapamycin or an adenovirus encoding the dominant negative acting mTOR-mutated protein into the upper small intestine is sufficient to inhibit small intestinal mTOR signaling and lower glucose production in rodents with high fat diet-induced insulin resistance. Second, we found that molecular activation of small intestinal mTOR blunts the glucose-lowering effect of the oral anti-diabetic agent metformin, while inhibiting small intestinal mTOR alone lowers plasma glucose levels by inhibiting glucose production in rodents with diabetes as well. Thus, these findings illustrate that inhibiting upper small intestinal mTOR is sufficient and necessary to lower glucose production and enhance glucose homeostasis, and thereby unveil a previously unappreciated glucose-lowering effect of small intestinal mTOR. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (TOR) functions as an energy sensor and contributes to the control of glucose homeostasis. Here, the authors show that mTOR in the upper small intestine regulates hepatic glucose production and is required for the glucose lowering effect of metformin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T M Zaved Waise
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Mozhgan Rasti
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Frank A Duca
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada.,School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Song-Yang Zhang
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Paige V Bauer
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Christopher J Rhodes
- Kovler Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.,MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Tony K T Lam
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada. .,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada. .,Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
A769662 Inhibits Insulin-Stimulated Akt Activation in Human Macrovascular Endothelial Cells Independent of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123886. [PMID: 30563079 PMCID: PMC6321332 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase B (Akt) is a key enzyme in the insulin signalling cascade, required for insulin-stimulated NO production in endothelial cells (ECs). Previous studies have suggested that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation stimulates NO synthesis and enhances insulin-stimulated Akt activation, yet these studies have largely used indirect activators of AMPK. The effects of the allosteric AMPK activator A769662 on insulin signalling and endothelial function was therefore examined in cultured human macrovascular ECs. Surprisingly, A769662 inhibited insulin-stimulated NO synthesis and Akt phosphorylation in human ECs from umbilical veins (HUVECs) and aorta (HAECs). In contrast, the AMPK activators compound 991 and AICAR had no substantial inhibitory effect on insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation in ECs. Inhibition of AMPK with SBI-0206965 had no effect on the inhibition of insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation by A769662, suggesting the inhibitory action of A769662 is AMPK-independent. A769662 decreased IGF1-stimulated Akt phosphorylation yet had no effect on VEGF-stimulated Akt signalling in HUVECs, suggesting that A769662 attenuates early insulin/IGF1 signalling. The effects of A769662 on insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation were specific to human ECs, as no effect was observed in the human cancer cell lines HepG2 or HeLa, as well as in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). A769662 inhibited insulin-stimulated Erk1/2 phosphorylation in HAECs and MEFs, an effect that was independent of AMPK in MEFs. Therefore, despite being a potent AMPK activator, A769662 has effects unlikely to be mediated by AMPK in human macrovascular ECs that reduce insulin sensitivity and eNOS activation.
Collapse
|
30
|
Kopietz F, Berggreen C, Larsson S, Säll J, Ekelund M, Sakamoto K, Degerman E, Holm C, Göransson O. AMPK activation by A-769662 and 991 does not affect catecholamine-induced lipolysis in human adipocytes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315:E1075-E1085. [PMID: 30253109 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00110.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is considered an attractive strategy for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Favorable metabolic effects of AMPK activation are mainly observed in skeletal muscle and liver tissue, whereas the effects in human adipose tissue are only poorly understood. Previous studies, which largely employed the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR), suggest an antilipolytic role of AMPK in adipocytes. The aim of this work was to reinvestigate the role of AMPK in the regulation of lipolysis, using the novel allosteric small-molecule AMPK activators A-769662 and 991, with a focus on human adipocytes. For this purpose, human primary subcutaneous adipocytes were treated with A-769662, 991, or AICAR, as a control, before being stimulated with isoproterenol. AMPK activity status, glycerol release, and the phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), a key regulator of lipolysis, were then monitored. Our results show that both A-769662 and 991 activated AMPK to a level that was similar to, or greater than, that induced by AICAR. In contrast to AICAR, which as expected was antilipolytic, neither A-769662 nor 991 affected lipolysis in human adipocytes, although 991 treatment led to altered HSL phosphorylation. Furthermore, we suggest that HSL Ser660 is an important regulator of lipolytic activity in human adipocytes. These data suggest that the antilipolytic effect observed with AICAR in previous studies is, at least to some extent, AMPK independent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Kopietz
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University , Lund , Sweden
| | | | - Sara Larsson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University , Lund , Sweden
| | - Johanna Säll
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University , Lund , Sweden
| | - Mikael Ekelund
- Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University , Malmö , Sweden
| | | | - Eva Degerman
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University , Lund , Sweden
| | - Cecilia Holm
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University , Lund , Sweden
| | - Olga Göransson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University , Lund , Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Dolinar K, Jan V, Pavlin M, Chibalin AV, Pirkmajer S. Nucleosides block AICAR-stimulated activation of AMPK in skeletal muscle and cancer cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2018; 315:C803-C817. [PMID: 30230919 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00311.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) is a major regulator of energy metabolism and a promising target for development of new treatments for type 2 diabetes and cancer. 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR), an adenosine analog, is a standard positive control for AMPK activation in cell-based assays. Some broadly used cell culture media, such as minimal essential medium α (MEMα), contain high concentrations of adenosine and other nucleosides. We determined whether such media alter AICAR action in skeletal muscle and cancer cells. In nucleoside-free media, AICAR stimulated AMPK activation, increased glucose uptake, and suppressed cell proliferation. Conversely, these effects were blunted or completely blocked in MEMα that contains nucleosides. Addition of adenosine or 2'-deoxyadenosine to nucleoside-free media also suppressed AICAR action. MEMα with nucleosides blocked AICAR-stimulated AMPK activation even in the presence of methotrexate, which normally markedly enhances AICAR action by reducing its intracellular clearance. Other common media components, such as vitamin B-12, vitamin C, and α-lipoic acid, had a minor modulatory effect on AICAR action. Our findings show that nucleoside-containing media, commonly used in AMPK research, block action of the most widely used pharmacological AMPK activator AICAR. Results of cell-based assays in which AICAR is used for AMPK activation therefore critically depend on media formulation. Furthermore, our findings highlight a role for extracellular nucleosides and nucleoside transporters in regulation of AMPK activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klemen Dolinar
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia.,Group for Nano and Biotechnological Applications, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Vid Jan
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Mojca Pavlin
- Group for Nano and Biotechnological Applications, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia.,Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Alexander V Chibalin
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden.,National Research Tomsk State University , Tomsk , Russia
| | - Sergej Pirkmajer
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Endothelial AMP-Activated Kinase α1 Phosphorylates eNOS on Thr495 and Decreases Endothelial NO Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092753. [PMID: 30217073 PMCID: PMC6165563 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is frequently reported to phosphorylate Ser1177 of the endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS), and therefore, is linked with a relaxing effect. However, previous studies failed to consistently demonstrate a major role for AMPK on eNOS-dependent relaxation. As AMPK also phosphorylates eNOS on the inhibitory Thr495 site, this study aimed to determine the role of AMPKα1 and α2 subunits in the regulation of NO-mediated vascular relaxation. Vascular reactivity to phenylephrine and acetylcholine was assessed in aortic and carotid artery segments from mice with global (AMPKα-/-) or endothelial-specific deletion (AMPKαΔEC) of the AMPKα subunits. In control and AMPKα1-depleted human umbilical vein endothelial cells, eNOS phosphorylation on Ser1177 and Thr495 was assessed after AMPK activation with thiopental or ionomycin. Global deletion of the AMPKα1 or α2 subunit in mice did not affect vascular reactivity. The endothelial-specific deletion of the AMPKα1 subunit attenuated phenylephrine-mediated contraction in an eNOS- and endothelium-dependent manner. In in vitro studies, activation of AMPK did not alter the phosphorylation of eNOS on Ser1177, but increased its phosphorylation on Thr495. Depletion of AMPKα1 in cultured human endothelial cells decreased Thr495 phosphorylation without affecting Ser1177 phosphorylation. The results of this study indicate that AMPKα1 targets the inhibitory phosphorylation Thr495 site in the calmodulin-binding domain of eNOS to attenuate basal NO production and phenylephrine-induced vasoconstriction.
Collapse
|
33
|
Pharmacological activation of AMPK and glucose uptake in cultured human skeletal muscle cells from patients with ME/CFS. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180242. [PMID: 29654166 PMCID: PMC5938427 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle fatigue and post-exertional malaise are key symptoms of myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME)/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). We have previously shown that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation and glucose uptake are impaired in primary human skeletal muscle cell cultures derived from patients with ME/CFS in response to electrical pulse stimulation (EPS), a method which induces contraction of muscle cells in vitro. The aim of the present study was to assess if AMPK could be activated pharmacologically in ME/CFS. Primary skeletal muscle cell cultures from patients with ME/CFS and healthy controls were treated with either metformin or compound 991. AMPK activation was assessed by Western blot and glucose uptake measured. Both metformin and 991 treatment significantly increased AMPK activation and glucose uptake in muscle cell cultures from both controls and ME/CFS. Cellular ATP content was unaffected by treatment although ATP content was significantly decreased in ME/CFS compared with controls. Pharmacological activation of AMPK can improve glucose uptake in muscle cell cultures from patients with ME/CFS. This suggests that the failure of EPS to activate AMPK in these muscle cultures is due to a defect proximal to AMPK. Further work is required to delineate the defect and determine whether pharmacological activation of AMPK improves muscle function in patients with ME/CFS.
Collapse
|
34
|
Structural Determinants for Small-Molecule Activation of Skeletal Muscle AMPK α2β2γ1 by the Glucose Importagog SC4. Cell Chem Biol 2018; 25:728-737.e9. [PMID: 29657085 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) αβγ heterotrimer regulates cellular energy homeostasis with tissue-specific isoform distribution. Small-molecule activation of skeletal muscle α2β2 AMPK complexes may prove a valuable treatment strategy for type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance. Herein, we report the small-molecule SC4 is a potent, direct AMPK activator that preferentially activates α2 complexes and stimulates skeletal muscle glucose uptake. In parallel with the term secretagog, we propose "importagog" to define a substance that induces or augments cellular uptake of another substance. Three-dimensional structures of the glucose importagog SC4 bound to activated α2β2γ1 and α2β1γ1 complexes reveal binding determinants, in particular a key interaction between the SC4 imidazopyridine 4'-nitrogen and β2-Asp111, which provide a design paradigm for β2-AMPK therapeutics. The α2β2γ1/SC4 structure reveals an interaction between a β2 N-terminal α helix and the α2 autoinhibitory domain. Our results provide a structure-function guide to accelerate development of potent, but importantly tissue-specific, β2-AMPK therapeutics.
Collapse
|
35
|
Kfoury A, Armaro M, Collodet C, Sordet-Dessimoz J, Giner MP, Christen S, Moco S, Leleu M, de Leval L, Koch U, Trumpp A, Sakamoto K, Beermann F, Radtke F. AMPK promotes survival of c-Myc-positive melanoma cells by suppressing oxidative stress. EMBO J 2018; 37:embj.201797673. [PMID: 29440228 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201797673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although c-Myc is essential for melanocyte development, its role in cutaneous melanoma, the most aggressive skin cancer, is only partly understood. Here we used the NrasQ61KINK4a-/- mouse melanoma model to show that c-Myc is essential for tumor initiation, maintenance, and metastasis. c-Myc-expressing melanoma cells were preferentially found at metastatic sites, correlated with increased tumor aggressiveness and high tumor initiation potential. Abrogation of c-Myc caused apoptosis in primary murine and human melanoma cells. Mechanistically, c-Myc-positive melanoma cells activated and became dependent on the metabolic energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a metabolic checkpoint kinase that plays an important role in energy and redox homeostasis under stress conditions. AMPK pathway inhibition caused apoptosis of c-Myc-expressing melanoma cells, while AMPK activation protected against cell death of c-Myc-depleted melanoma cells through suppression of oxidative stress. Furthermore, TCGA database analysis of early-stage human melanoma samples revealed an inverse correlation between C-MYC and patient survival, suggesting that C-MYC expression levels could serve as a prognostic marker for early-stage disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alain Kfoury
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marzia Armaro
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Caterina Collodet
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, School of Life Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jessica Sordet-Dessimoz
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Stefan Christen
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sofia Moco
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marion Leleu
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurence de Leval
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ute Koch
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Trumpp
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM GmbH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kei Sakamoto
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, School of Life Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Friedrich Beermann
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Freddy Radtke
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Olivier S, Foretz M, Viollet B. Promise and challenges for direct small molecule AMPK activators. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 153:147-158. [PMID: 29408352 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an evolutionary conserved and ubiquitously expressed serine/threonine kinase playing a central role in the coordination of energy homeostasis. Based on the beneficial outcomes of its activation on metabolism, AMPK has emerged as an attractive target for the treatment of metabolic diseases. Identification of novel downstream targets of AMPK beyond the regulation of energy metabolism has renewed considerable attention in exploiting AMPK signaling for novel therapeutic targeting strategies including treatment of cancer and inflammatory diseases. The complexity of AMPK system with tissue- and species-specific expression of multiple isoform combination regulated by various inputs, post-traductional modifications and subcellular locations presents unique challenges for drug discovery. Here, we review the most recent advances in the understanding of the mechanism(s) of action of direct small molecule AMPK activators and the potential therapeutic opportunities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Olivier
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - Marc Foretz
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - Benoit Viollet
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kjøbsted R, Hingst JR, Fentz J, Foretz M, Sanz MN, Pehmøller C, Shum M, Marette A, Mounier R, Treebak JT, Wojtaszewski JFP, Viollet B, Lantier L. AMPK in skeletal muscle function and metabolism. FASEB J 2018; 32:1741-1777. [PMID: 29242278 PMCID: PMC5945561 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700442r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle possesses a remarkable ability to adapt to various physiologic conditions. AMPK is a sensor of intracellular energy status that maintains energy stores by fine-tuning anabolic and catabolic pathways. AMPK’s role as an energy sensor is particularly critical in tissues displaying highly changeable energy turnover. Due to the drastic changes in energy demand that occur between the resting and exercising state, skeletal muscle is one such tissue. Here, we review the complex regulation of AMPK in skeletal muscle and its consequences on metabolism (e.g., substrate uptake, oxidation, and storage as well as mitochondrial function of skeletal muscle fibers). We focus on the role of AMPK in skeletal muscle during exercise and in exercise recovery. We also address adaptations to exercise training, including skeletal muscle plasticity, highlighting novel concepts and future perspectives that need to be investigated. Furthermore, we discuss the possible role of AMPK as a therapeutic target as well as different AMPK activators and their potential for future drug development.—Kjøbsted, R., Hingst, J. R., Fentz, J., Foretz, M., Sanz, M.-N., Pehmøller, C., Shum, M., Marette, A., Mounier, R., Treebak, J. T., Wojtaszewski, J. F. P., Viollet, B., Lantier, L. AMPK in skeletal muscle function and metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Kjøbsted
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Janne R Hingst
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joachim Fentz
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marc Foretz
- INSERM, Unité 1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Maria-Nieves Sanz
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, and.,Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christian Pehmøller
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael Shum
- Axe Cardiologie, Quebec Heart and Lung Research Institute, Laval University, Québec, Canada.,Institute for Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - André Marette
- Axe Cardiologie, Quebec Heart and Lung Research Institute, Laval University, Québec, Canada.,Institute for Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Remi Mounier
- Institute NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM Unité 1217, CNRS UMR, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jonas T Treebak
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen F P Wojtaszewski
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Benoit Viollet
- INSERM, Unité 1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Louise Lantier
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
In addition to the well-characterized role of AMPK in the regulation of nutrient metabolism, it is increasingly clear that AMPK activation has multiple actions on inflammatory signalling. Here we describe methods to identify effects of AMPK activity on pro-inflammatory signalling, specifically (1) the nuclear localization of the key inflammatory mediators nuclear factor-κB (NFκB) and phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), (2) preparation of conditioned medium to analyze the secretion of cytokines/chemokines, and (3) the pro-inflammatory adhesion of leukocytes to cultured cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Mancini
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ian P Salt
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Xu YY, Chen FL, Ji F, Fei HD, Xie Y, Wang SG. Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase by compound 991 protects osteoblasts from dexamethasone. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 495:1014-1021. [PMID: 29175330 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.11.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dexamethasone (Dex) induces direct cytotoxicity to cultured osteoblasts. The benzimidazole derivative compound 991 ("C991") is a novel and highly-efficient AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator. Here, in both MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells and primary murine osteoblasts, treatment with C991 activated AMPK signaling, and significantly attenuated Dex-induced apoptotic and non-apoptotic cell death. AMPKα1 knockdown (by shRNA), complete knockout (by CRISPR/Cas9 method) or dominant negative mutation (T172A) not only blocked C991-mediated AMPK activation, but also abolished its pro-survival effect against Dex in osteoblasts. Further studies showed that C991 boosted nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) activity and induced mRNA expression of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-regulated genes (heme oxygenase-1 and NADPH quinone oxidoreductase 1). Additionally, C991 alleviated Dex-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in osteoblasts. Notably, genetic AMPK inhibition reversed the anti-oxidant actions by C991 in Dex-treated osteoblasts. Together, we conclude that C991 activates AMPK signaling to protect osteoblasts from Dex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Yi Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Feng-Li Chen
- Clinical Laboratory, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Feng Ji
- Department of Orthopedics, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China.
| | - Hao-Dong Fei
- Department of Orthopedics, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Yue Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Shou-Guo Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Yavari A, Bellahcene M, Bucchi A, Sirenko S, Pinter K, Herring N, Jung JJ, Tarasov KV, Sharpe EJ, Wolfien M, Czibik G, Steeples V, Ghaffari S, Nguyen C, Stockenhuber A, Clair JRS, Rimmbach C, Okamoto Y, Yang D, Wang M, Ziman BD, Moen JM, Riordon DR, Ramirez C, Paina M, Lee J, Zhang J, Ahmet I, Matt MG, Tarasova YS, Baban D, Sahgal N, Lockstone H, Puliyadi R, de Bono J, Siggs OM, Gomes J, Muskett H, Maguire ML, Beglov Y, Kelly M, Dos Santos PPN, Bright NJ, Woods A, Gehmlich K, Isackson H, Douglas G, Ferguson DJP, Schneider JE, Tinker A, Wolkenhauer O, Channon KM, Cornall RJ, Sternick EB, Paterson DJ, Redwood CS, Carling D, Proenza C, David R, Baruscotti M, DiFrancesco D, Lakatta EG, Watkins H, Ashrafian H. Mammalian γ2 AMPK regulates intrinsic heart rate. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1258. [PMID: 29097735 PMCID: PMC5668267 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01342-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AMPK is a conserved serine/threonine kinase whose activity maintains cellular energy homeostasis. Eukaryotic AMPK exists as αβγ complexes, whose regulatory γ subunit confers energy sensor function by binding adenine nucleotides. Humans bearing activating mutations in the γ2 subunit exhibit a phenotype including unexplained slowing of heart rate (bradycardia). Here, we show that γ2 AMPK activation downregulates fundamental sinoatrial cell pacemaker mechanisms to lower heart rate, including sarcolemmal hyperpolarization-activated current (I f) and ryanodine receptor-derived diastolic local subsarcolemmal Ca2+ release. In contrast, loss of γ2 AMPK induces a reciprocal phenotype of increased heart rate, and prevents the adaptive intrinsic bradycardia of endurance training. Our results reveal that in mammals, for which heart rate is a key determinant of cardiac energy demand, AMPK functions in an organ-specific manner to maintain cardiac energy homeostasis and determines cardiac physiological adaptation to exercise by modulating intrinsic sinoatrial cell behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arash Yavari
- Experimental Therapeutics, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.
| | - Mohamed Bellahcene
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Annalisa Bucchi
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy
- Centro Interuniversitario di Medicina Molecolare e Biofisica Applicata, University of Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Syevda Sirenko
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Katalin Pinter
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Neil Herring
- Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Julia J Jung
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057, Rostock, Germany
- Department Life, Light and Matter, Interdisciplinary Faculty, Rostock University, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Kirill V Tarasov
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Emily J Sharpe
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Markus Wolfien
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Rostock, Rostock, 18051, Germany
| | - Gabor Czibik
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Violetta Steeples
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Sahar Ghaffari
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Chinh Nguyen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Alexander Stockenhuber
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Joshua R St Clair
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Christian Rimmbach
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057, Rostock, Germany
- Department Life, Light and Matter, Interdisciplinary Faculty, Rostock University, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Yosuke Okamoto
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Dongmei Yang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Mingyi Wang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Bruce D Ziman
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Jack M Moen
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Daniel R Riordon
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Christopher Ramirez
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Manuel Paina
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy
- Centro Interuniversitario di Medicina Molecolare e Biofisica Applicata, University of Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Joonho Lee
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Jing Zhang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Ismayil Ahmet
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Michael G Matt
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Yelena S Tarasova
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Dilair Baban
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Natasha Sahgal
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Helen Lockstone
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Rathi Puliyadi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Joseph de Bono
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Owen M Siggs
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute for Molecular Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - John Gomes
- Department of Medicine, BHF Laboratories, The Rayne Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6JJ, UK
| | - Hannah Muskett
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Mahon L Maguire
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Youlia Beglov
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Matthew Kelly
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Pedro P N Dos Santos
- Instituto de Pós-Graduação, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30.130-110, Brazil
| | - Nicola J Bright
- Cellular Stress Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Angela Woods
- Cellular Stress Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Katja Gehmlich
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Henrik Isackson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Gillian Douglas
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - David J P Ferguson
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Jürgen E Schneider
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Andrew Tinker
- Department of Medicine, BHF Laboratories, The Rayne Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6JJ, UK
- The Heart Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Olaf Wolkenhauer
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Rostock, Rostock, 18051, Germany
- Stellenbosch Institute of Advanced Study (STIAS), Wallenberg Research Centre at Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
| | - Keith M Channon
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Richard J Cornall
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute for Molecular Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Eduardo B Sternick
- Instituto de Pós-Graduação, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30.130-110, Brazil
| | - David J Paterson
- Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Charles S Redwood
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - David Carling
- Cellular Stress Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Catherine Proenza
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Robert David
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057, Rostock, Germany
- Department Life, Light and Matter, Interdisciplinary Faculty, Rostock University, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Mirko Baruscotti
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy
- Centro Interuniversitario di Medicina Molecolare e Biofisica Applicata, University of Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Dario DiFrancesco
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy
- Centro Interuniversitario di Medicina Molecolare e Biofisica Applicata, University of Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Edward G Lakatta
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Hugh Watkins
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Houman Ashrafian
- Experimental Therapeutics, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kviklyte S, Vertommen D, Yerna X, Andersén H, Xu X, Gailly P, Bohlooly-Y M, Oscarsson J, Rider MH. Effects of genetic deletion of soluble 5'-nucleotidases NT5C1A and NT5C2 on AMPK activation and nucleotide levels in contracting mouse skeletal muscles. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2017; 313:E48-E62. [PMID: 28325731 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00304.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays a key role in energy homeostasis and is activated in response to contraction-induced ATP depletion in skeletal muscle via a rise in intracellular AMP/ADP concentrations. AMP can be deaminated by AMP-deaminase (AMPD) to IMP, which is hydrolyzed to inosine by cytosolic 5'-nucleotidase II (NT5C2). AMP can also be hydrolyzed to adenosine by cytosolic 5'-nucleotidase 1A (NT5C1A). Previous gene silencing and overexpression studies indicated control of AMPK activation by NT5C enzymes. In the present study using gene knockout mouse models, we investigated the effects of NT5C1A and NT5C2 deletion on intracellular adenine nucleotide levels and AMPK activation in electrically stimulated skeletal muscles. Surprisingly, NT5C enzyme knockout did not lead to enhanced AMP or ADP concentrations in response to contraction, with no potentiation of increases in AMPK activity in extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus mouse muscles. Moreover, dual blockade of AMP metabolism in EDL using an AMPD inhibitor combined with NT5C1A deletion did not enhance rises in AMP and ADP or increased AMPK activation by electrical stimulation. The results on muscles from the NT5C knockout mice contradict previous findings where AMP levels and AMPK activity were shown to be modulated by NT5C enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samanta Kviklyte
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Didier Vertommen
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Xavier Yerna
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; and
| | | | - Xiufeng Xu
- AstraZeneca Research and Development, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Philippe Gailly
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; and
| | | | - Jan Oscarsson
- AstraZeneca Research and Development, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Mark H Rider
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium;
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Johanns M, Pyr Dit Ruys S, Houddane A, Vertommen D, Herinckx G, Hue L, Proud CG, Rider MH. Direct and indirect activation of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase by AMP-activated protein kinase. Cell Signal 2017; 36:212-221. [PMID: 28502587 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) kinase (eEF2K) is a key regulator of protein synthesis in mammalian cells. It phosphorylates and inhibits eEF2, the translation factor necessary for peptide translocation during the elongation phase of protein synthesis. When cellular energy demand outweighs energy supply, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and eEF2K become activated, leading to eEF2 phosphorylation, which reduces the rate of protein synthesis, a process that consumes a large proportion of cellular energy under optimal conditions. AIM The goal of the present study was to elucidate the mechanisms by which AMPK activation leads to increased eEF2 phosphorylation to decrease protein synthesis. METHODS Using genetically modified mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs), effects of treatments with commonly used AMPK activators to increase eEF2 phosphorylation were compared with that of the novel compound 991. Bacterially expressed recombinant eEF2K was phosphorylated in vitro by recombinant activated AMPK for phosphorylation site-identification by mass spectrometry followed by site-directed mutagenesis of the identified sites to alanine residues to study effects on the kinetic properties of eEF2K. Wild-type eEF2K and a Ser491/Ser492 mutant were retrovirally re-introduced in eEF2K-deficient MEFs and effects of 991 treatment on eEF2 phosphorylation and protein synthesis rates were studied in these cells. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS AMPK activation leads to increased eEF2 phosphorylation in MEFs mainly by direct activation of eEF2K and partly by inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling. Treatment of MEFs with AMPK activators can also lead to eEF2K activation independently of AMPK probably via a rise in intracellular Ca2+. AMPK activates eEF2K by multi-site phosphorylation and the newly identified Ser491/Ser492 is important for activation, leading to mTOR-independent inhibition of protein synthesis. Our study provides new insights into the control of eEF2K by AMPK, with implications for linking metabolic stress to decreased protein synthesis to conserve energy reserves, a pathway that is of major importance in cancer cell survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Johanns
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), de Duve Institute, Avenue Hippocrate 75 bte 74.02, 1200-Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Pyr Dit Ruys
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), de Duve Institute, Avenue Hippocrate 75 bte 74.02, 1200-Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Houddane
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), de Duve Institute, Avenue Hippocrate 75 bte 74.02, 1200-Brussels, Belgium
| | - D Vertommen
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), de Duve Institute, Avenue Hippocrate 75 bte 74.02, 1200-Brussels, Belgium
| | - G Herinckx
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), de Duve Institute, Avenue Hippocrate 75 bte 74.02, 1200-Brussels, Belgium
| | - L Hue
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), de Duve Institute, Avenue Hippocrate 75 bte 74.02, 1200-Brussels, Belgium
| | - C G Proud
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - M H Rider
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), de Duve Institute, Avenue Hippocrate 75 bte 74.02, 1200-Brussels, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Willows R, Navaratnam N, Lima A, Read J, Carling D. Effect of different γ-subunit isoforms on the regulation of AMPK. Biochem J 2017; 474:1741-1754. [PMID: 28302767 PMCID: PMC5423082 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays a key role in integrating metabolic pathways in response to energy demand. AMPK activation results in a wide range of downstream responses, many of which are associated with improved metabolic outcome, making AMPK an attractive target for the treatment of metabolic diseases. AMPK is a heterotrimeric complex consisting of a catalytic subunit (α) and two regulatory subunits (β and γ). The γ-subunit harbours the nucleotide-binding sites and plays an important role in AMPK regulation in response to cellular energy levels. In mammals, there are three isoforms of the γ-subunit and these respond differently to regulation by nucleotides, but there is limited information regarding their role in activation by small molecules. Here, we determined the effect of different γ-isoforms on AMPK by a direct activator, 991. In cells, 991 led to a greater activation of γ2-containing AMPK complexes compared with either γ1 or γ3. This effect was dependent on the long N-terminal region of the γ2-isoform. We were able to rule out an effect of Ser108 phosphorylation, since mutation of Ser108 to alanine in the β2-isoform had no effect on activation of AMPK by 991 in either γ1- or γ2-complexes. The rate of dephosphorylation of Thr172 was slower for γ2- compared with γ1-complexes, both in the absence and presence of 991. Our studies show that activation of AMPK by 991 depends on the nature of the γ-isoform. This finding may have implications for the design of isoform-selective AMPK activators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Willows
- Cellular Stress Group, Medical Research Council London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London W12 0NN, U.K
| | - Naveenan Navaratnam
- Cellular Stress Group, Medical Research Council London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London W12 0NN, U.K
| | - Ana Lima
- Cellular Stress Group, Medical Research Council London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London W12 0NN, U.K
| | - Jon Read
- AstraZeneca R&D, Discovery Sciences, Darwin Building, 310 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - David Carling
- Cellular Stress Group, Medical Research Council London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London W12 0NN, U.K
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, U.K
| |
Collapse
|