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Paracetamol-Induced Hypothermia in Rodents: A Review on Pharmacodynamics. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10040687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Paracetamol can induce hypothermia in humans and rodents. The study’s aim is to review the mechanisms of paracetamol-induced hypothermia in rodents or the results issued from in vitro studies on the same species’ tissues (in doses that do not produce hepatic impairment) using the latest developments published in scientific journals over the last 15 years. Available human studies are also analysed. An extensive search in PubMed databases exploring the hypothermic response to paracetamol was conducted. 4669 articles about paracetamol’s effects on body temperature in mice or rats were found. After applying additional filters, 20 articles were selected for review, with 9 of them presented in tabular forms. The analysis of these articles found that the hypothermic effect of paracetamol is due to the inhibition of a cyclooxygenase-1 variant, is potentiated by endothelin receptor antagonists, and can be mediated through GABAA receptors and possibly through transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1 via N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine in the central nervous system. Human studies confirm the in vivo and in vitro experiments in rodents regarding the presence of a hypothermic effect after high, non-toxic doses of paracetamol. Further research is required to understand the mechanisms behind paracetamol’s hypothermic effect in humans.
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Eskilsson A, Shionoya K, Engblom D, Blomqvist A. Fever During Localized Inflammation in Mice Is Elicited by a Humoral Pathway and Depends on Brain Endothelial Interleukin-1 and Interleukin-6 Signaling and Central EP 3 Receptors. J Neurosci 2021; 41:5206-5218. [PMID: 33941650 PMCID: PMC8211540 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0313-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the signaling route for fever during localized inflammation in male and female mice, elicited by casein injection into a preformed air pouch. The localized inflammation gave rise to high concentrations of prostaglandins of the E species (PGE2) and cytokines in the air pouch and elevated levels of these inflammatory mediators in plasma. There were also elevated levels of PGE2 in the cerebrospinal fluid, although there was little evidence for PGE2 synthesis in the brain. Global deletion of the PGE2 prostaglandin E receptor 3 (EP3) abolished the febrile response as did deletion of the EP3 receptor in neural cells, whereas its deletion on peripheral nerves had no effect, implying that PGE2 action on this receptor in the CNS elicited the fever. Global deletion of the interleukin-1 receptor type 1 (IL-1R1) also abolished the febrile response, whereas its deletion on neural cells or peripheral nerves had no effect. However, deletion of the IL-1R1 on brain endothelial cells, as well as deletion of the interleukin-6 receptor α on these cells, attenuated the febrile response. In contrast, deletion of the PGE2 synthesizing enzymes cyclooxygenase-2 and microsomal prostaglandin synthase-1 in brain endothelial cells, known to attenuate fever evoked by systemic inflammation, had no effect. We conclude that fever during localized inflammation is not mediated by neural signaling from the inflamed site, as previously suggested, but is dependent on humoral signaling that involves interleukin actions on brain endothelial cells, probably facilitating PGE2 entry into the brain from the circulation and hence representing a mechanism distinct from that at work during systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Eskilsson
- Division of Neurobiology and Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, S-58185 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Kiseko Shionoya
- Division of Neurobiology and Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, S-58185 Linköping, Sweden
| | - David Engblom
- Division of Neurobiology and Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, S-58185 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anders Blomqvist
- Division of Neurobiology and Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, S-58185 Linköping, Sweden
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Huhtakangas JA, Huovinen J, Laaksonen S, Voipio HM, Vuolteenaho O, Finnilä MAJ, Thevenot J, Lehenkari PP. A single intra-articular dose of vitamin D analog calcipotriol alleviates synovitis without adverse effects in rats. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250352. [PMID: 33878143 PMCID: PMC8057567 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin-D3 and its derivatives have shown anti-arthritic and chondroprotective effects in experimental animal models with prophylactic dosing. The purpose of this preliminary study was to test the efficacy and safety of calcipotriol, vitamin D analog, as a treatment for a fully-developed knee arthritis in Zymosan-induced arthritis (ZIA) model. Forty 5-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into three arthritis groups and a non-arthritic control group with no injections (10 rats/group). A day after Zymosan (0.1 mg) had been administrated into the right knee joints, the same knees were injected with calcipotriol (0.1 mg/kg), dexamethasone (0.1 mg/kg) or vehicle in a 100 μl volume. The left control knees were injected with saline (PBS) on two consecutive days. All injections, blood sampling and measurements were performed under general anesthesia on days 0, 1, 3 and 8. Internal organs and knees were harvested on day 8 and the histology of the whole knees was assessed blinded. Joints treated with calcipotriol showed a milder histological synovitis than those treated with vehicle (p = 0.041), but there was no statistically significant difference between the dexamethasone and vehicle groups. The clinical severity of arthritis did not differ between the arthritis groups measured by body temperature, swelling of the knee, thermal imaging, clinical scoring or cytokine levels on days 1, 3 and 8. Weight loss was bigger in rats treated with dexamethasone, propably due to loss of appetite,compared to other arthritis groups on days 2-3 (p<0.05). Study drugs did not influence serum calcium ion and glucose levels. Taken together, this preliminary study shows that a single intra-articular injection of calcipotriol reduces histological grade of synovitis a week after the local injection, but dexamethasone did not differ from the vehicle. Calcipotriol may have an early disease-modifying effect in the rat ZIA model without obvious side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna A. Huhtakangas
- Cancer Research and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, Oulu University Hospital, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- * E-mail:
| | - Jere Huovinen
- Cancer Research and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sakari Laaksonen
- Oulu Laboratory Animal Center, Department of Experimental Surgery, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Hanna-Marja Voipio
- Oulu Laboratory Animal Center, Department of Experimental Surgery, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Olli Vuolteenaho
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mikko A. J. Finnilä
- Faculty of Medicine, Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jérôme Thevenot
- Faculty of Medicine, Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Petri P. Lehenkari
- Cancer Research and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Division of Operative Care, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Ayoub SS. Paracetamol (acetaminophen): A familiar drug with an unexplained mechanism of action. Temperature (Austin) 2021; 8:351-371. [PMID: 34901318 PMCID: PMC8654482 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2021.1886392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is undoubtedly one of the most widely used drugs worldwide. As an over-the-counter medication, paracetamol is the standard and first-line treatment for fever and acute pain and is believed to remain so for many years to come. Despite being in clinical use for over a century, the precise mechanism of action of this familiar drug remains a mystery. The oldest and most prevailing theory on the mechanism of analgesic and antipyretic actions of paracetamol relates to the inhibition of CNS cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme activities, with conflicting views on the COX isoenzyme/variant targeted by paracetamol and on the nature of the molecular interactions with these enzymes. Paracetamol has been proposed to selectively inhibit COX-2 by working as a reducing agent, despite the fact that in vitro screens demonstrate low potency on the inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2. In vivo data from COX-1 transgenic mice suggest that paracetamol works through inhibition of a COX-1 variant enzyme to mediate its analgesic and particularly thermoregulatory actions (antipyresis and hypothermia). A separate line of research provides evidence on potentiation of the descending inhibitory serotonergic pathway to mediate the analgesic action of paracetamol, but with no evidence of binding to serotonergic molecules. AM404 as a metabolite for paracetamol has been proposed to activate the endocannabinoid and the transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) systems. The current review gives an update and in some cases challenges the different theories on the pharmacology of paracetamol and raises questions on some of the inadequately explored actions of paracetamol. List of Abbreviations: AM404, N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-arachidonamide; CB1R, Cannabinoid receptor-1; Cmax, Maximum concentration; CNS, Central nervous system; COX, Cyclooxygenase; CSF, Cerebrospinal fluid; ED50, 50% of maximal effective dose; FAAH, Fatty acid amidohydrolase; IC50, 50% of the maximal inhibitor concentration; LPS, Lipopolysaccharide; NSAIDs, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; PGE2, Prostaglandin E2; TRPV1, Transient receptor potential vanilloid-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir S Ayoub
- School of Health, Sport and Bioscience, Medicines Research Group, University of East London, London, UK
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Maia-Marques R, Nascimento IMR, Lauria PSS, Silva ECPD, Silva DF, Casais-E-Silva LL. Inflammatory mediators in the pronociceptive effects induced by Bothrops leucurus snake venom: The role of biogenic amines, nitric oxide, and eicosanoids. Toxicology 2020; 448:152649. [PMID: 33259823 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bothrops leucurus is the major causative agent of venomous snakebites in Northeastern Brazil. Severe pain is the most frequent symptom in these envenomings, with an important inflammatory component. This work characterized the pronociceptive effects evoked by B. leucurus venom (BLV) in mice and the role of inflammatory mediators in these responses. The nociceptive behaviors were quantified by the modified formalin test. The mechanical hyperalgesia was assessed by the digital von Frey test. Pharmacological assays were performed with different antagonists and synthesis inhibitors to investigate the involvement of inflammatory mediators in both nociceptive events. BLV (1-15 μg/paw) injection in mice evoked intense and dose-dependent nociceptive behaviors that lasted for up to 1 h. BLV (10 μg/paw) also caused sustained mechanical hyperalgesia. Histamine and serotonin played a role in the nociception, but not in the BLV-induced mechanical hyperalgesia. Nitric oxide contributed to both responses, but only to the late stages of mechanical hyperalgesia. Eicosanoids were also present in both nociceptive responses. Prostanoid synthesis by COX-1 seemed to be more relevant for the nociception, whereas COX-2 had a more prominent role in the mechanical hyperalgesia. Leukotrienes were the most relevant mediators of BLV-induced mechanical hyperalgesia, hence inhibiting lipoxygenase pathway could be an efficient therapeutic strategy for pain management during envenoming. Our behavioral data demonstrates that BLV promotes nociceptive transmission mediated by biogenic amines, nitric oxide and eicosanoids, and nociceptor sensitization through nitric oxide and eicosanoids. Moreover, phospholipases A2 (PLA2), an important class of toxins present in bothropic venoms, appear to play an important role in the nociceptive and hypernociceptive response induced by BLV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Maia-Marques
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunoendocrinology and Toxinology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
| | - Igor M R Nascimento
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunoendocrinology and Toxinology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
| | - Pedro S S Lauria
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
| | - Ellen C P da Silva
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunoendocrinology and Toxinology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
| | - Darizy F Silva
- Laboratory of Endocrine and Cardiovascular Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
| | - Luciana L Casais-E-Silva
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunoendocrinology and Toxinology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
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Teixeira FM, Coelho MN, José-Chagas FDN, Malvar DDC, Kanashiro A, Cunha FQ, Machado Vianna-Filho MD, da Cunha Pinto A, Vanderlinde FA, Costa SS. Oral treatments with a flavonoid-enriched fraction from Cecropia hololeuca and with rutin reduce articular pain and inflammation in murine zymosan-induced arthritis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 260:112841. [PMID: 32268203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cecropia Loefl. species (Urticaceae) are widely spread across the rainforest in tropical and subtropical regions of Central and South America. Inhabitants of different regions of Brazil employ leaves, fruits and sprouts of Cecropia hololeuca Miq. mainly as anti-inflammatory, anti-asthmatic, expectorant, fever suppressant, and against cough. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of an aqueous leaf extract of C. hololeuca in a murine model of zymosan-induced arthritis (ZIA) and characterize compounds contributing to these effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS The crude aqueous extract of C. hololeuca (CAE) was obtained by infusion, screened for antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities, and fractionated (solvent partition; RP-2 and Sephadex G-25 column chromatography), yielding fractions that were chemically and pharmacologically investigated. TLC, HPLC-DAD, HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS and NMR analyses were peformed. The antinociceptive activity was assessed by means of acetic acid-induced writhing, hot-plate and rota-rod tests. ZIA was used to evaluate the anti-arthritic activity of oral treatment with CAE, butanolic (BF) and aqueous fraction (AF), as well as the fractions obtained from BF (F2, F2-A and F2-B). Rutin, a flavonoid found in C. hololeuca, was also tested. Mechanical hypernociception, joint edema, local neutrophil recruitment and articular TNF-α quantification were performed to measure the severity of arthritis and identify the anti-inflammatory potential of C. hololeuca. RESULTS CAE (0.03-1 g/kg, p.o.) showed a dose-related inhibitory effect on acetic acid-induced writhing test, but did not change the pain latency in the hotplate test, nor the first fall time on the rota-rod test. In addition, CAE (1 g/kg, p.o.) inhibited by 65% the mechanical hypernociception, 46% the joint edema, 54% the neutrophil recruitment and 53% the articular TNF-α concentration levels in ZIA. BF (0.4 g/kg, p.o.), AF (0.6 g/kg), F2 (0.1 g/kg) and F2-A (0.045 g/kg), but not F2-B (0.055 g/kg), inhibited the mechanical hypernociception, joint edema and neutrophil recruitment in ZIA. Rutin (0.001-0.03 g/kg, p.o.) produced dose-related inhibitory effects in the mechanical hypernociception, joint edema and neutrophil recruitment, and at 0.03 g/kg also inhibited articular TNF-α synthesis after intra-articular zymosan injection. Isoorientin, isovitexin, rutin and isoquercitrin were identified in the most active fraction (F2-A), along with luteolin and apigenin derivatives, tentatively identified as isoorientin-2″-O-glucoside and isovitexin-2″-O-glucoside. CONCLUSION This study corroborates the popular use by oral route of aqueous preparations of C. hololeuca against joint inflammatory disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis. Our results demonstrated for the first time that oral administration of rutin shows antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects in ZIA, indicating that this flavonoid is one of the immunomodulatory compounds involved in the anti-arthritic activity of C. hololeuca.
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Key Words
- 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one
- 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one
- 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-6-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]chromen-4-one
- 5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]chromen-4-one
- Anti-inflammatory effect
- Antinociceptive effect
- Arthritis
- Cecropia hololeuca
- Phenolic compounds
- Rutin
- isoorientin
- isoquercitrin
- isovitexin
- rutin
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Marques Teixeira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), BR 465, Km 07, 23890-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Neubarth Coelho
- Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Products Chemistry, Natural Products Research Institute (IPPN), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda do Nascimento José-Chagas
- Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Products Chemistry, Natural Products Research Institute (IPPN), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, 21941-909, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - David do Carmo Malvar
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), BR 465, Km 07, 23890-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre Kanashiro
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Queiroz Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Dias Machado Vianna-Filho
- Program of Graduate Studies in Plant Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, 20550-013, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Angelo da Cunha Pinto
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, 21941-909, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Frederico Argollo Vanderlinde
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), BR 465, Km 07, 23890-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Sônia Soares Costa
- Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Products Chemistry, Natural Products Research Institute (IPPN), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Coelho LCM, Cruz JV, Maba IK, Zampronio AR. Fever Induced by Zymosan A and Polyinosinic-Polycytidylic Acid in Female Rats: Influence of Sex Hormones and the Participation of Endothelin-1. Inflammation 2020; 44:321-333. [PMID: 32875489 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01335-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Sex differences in the immune response can also affect the febrile response, particularly the fever induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). However, other pathogen-associated molecular patterns, such as zymosan A (Zym) and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C), also induce fever in male rats with a different time course of cytokine release and different mediators such as endothelin-1 (ET-1). This study investigated whether female sex hormones affect Zym- and Poly I:C-induced fever and the involvement of ET-1 in this response. The fever that was induced by Zym and Poly I:C was higher in ovariectomized (OVX) female rats compared with sham-operated female rats. Estrogen replacement in OVX females reduced Zym- and Poly I:C-induced fever. The ETB receptor antagonist BQ788 reversed the LPS-induced fever in cycling females but not in OVX females. BQ788 did not alter the fever that was induced by Zym or Poly I:C in either cycling or OVX females. These findings suggest that the febrile response in cycling females is lower, independently of the stimulus that is inducing it and is probably controlled by estrogen. Also, ET-1 seems to participate in the febrile response that was induced by LPS in males and cycling females but not in the LPS-induced fever in OVX females. Additionally, ET-1 was not involved in the febrile response that was induced by Zym or Poly I:C in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C M Coelho
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - J V Cruz
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - I K Maba
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Kanashiro A, Leoncio TODL, Schneider AH, Alves HR, Bassi GS, Dutra SGV, Cunha FDQ, Ulloa L, Malvar DDC. Regulation of murine arthritis by systemic, spinal, and intra-articular adrenoceptors. Pharmacol Rep 2019; 71:1095-1103. [PMID: 31629939 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The regulation of the immune system by the sympathetic nervous system is allowing the design of novel treatments for inflammatory disorders such as arthritis. In this study, we have analyzed the effects of α- and β-adrenoceptor agonists injected subcutaneously, intrathecally, or intra-articularly in zymosan-induced arthritis. METHODS Murine arthritis was induced by intra-articular (knee joint) injection of zymosan. α1 (phenylephrine), α2 (clonidine), β1 (dobutamine), or β2 (salbutamol)-adrenoceptor agonists were injected subcutaneously (sc), intrathecally (it), or intra-articularly (ia) to activate peripheral, spinal, or intra-articular adrenoceptors and to study their effects on articular edema formation and neutrophil migration into the synovial cavity. RESULTS Treatments with phenylephrine did not affect the edema formation, but it increased neutrophil migration when injected subcutaneously (155.3%) or intra-articularly (187.7%). Treatments with clonidine inhibited neutrophil migration (59.9% sc, 68.7% it, 42.8% ia) regardless of the route of administration, but it inhibited edema formation only when injected intrathecally (66.7%) or intra-articularly (36%) but not subcutaneously. Treatments with dobutamine inhibited both edema (42.0% sc, 69.5% it, 61.6% ia) and neutrophil migration (28.4% sc, 70.3% it, 82.4% ia) in a concentration dependent manner. Likewise, all the treatments with salbutamol also inhibited edema formation (89.9% sc, 62.4% it, 69.8% ia) and neutrophil migration (76.6% sc, 39.1% it, 71.7% ia). CONCLUSION Whereas the β-adrenoceptor agonists induced anti-inflammatory effects regardless of their route of administration, α1- and α2-adrenoceptor agonists induced either pro- and anti-inflammatory effects, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Kanashiro
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Ayda Henriques Schneider
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Hélio Rocha Alves
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Shimizu Bassi
- Department of Surgery, Center of Immunology and Inflammation, Rutgers University - New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | | | - Fernando de Queiróz Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis Ulloa
- Department of Surgery, Center of Immunology and Inflammation, Rutgers University - New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - David do Carmo Malvar
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
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Albiero LR, de Andrade MF, Marchi LF, Landi-Librandi AP, de Figueiredo-Rinhel ASG, Carvalho CA, Kabeya LM, de Oliveira RDR, Azzolini AECS, Pupo MT, da Silva Emery F, Lucisano-Valim YM. Immunomodulating action of the 3-phenylcoumarin derivative 6,7-dihydroxy-3-[3',4'-methylenedioxyphenyl]-coumarin in neutrophils from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and in rats with acute joint inflammation. Inflamm Res 2019; 69:115-130. [PMID: 31786615 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-019-01298-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether free (3-PD-5free) and/or liposomal (3-PD-5lipo) 6,7-dihydroxy-3-[3',4'-methylenedioxyphenyl]-coumarin (3-PD-5) (1) modulate the effector functions of neutrophils from patients with rheumatoid arthritis under remission (i-RA) and with active disease (a-RA), in vitro; and (2) exert anti-inflammatory effect in a rat model of zymosan-induced acute joint inflammation. METHODS AND RESULTS Incorporation of 3-PD-5 into unilamellar liposomes of soya phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol was efficient (57.5 ± 7.9%) and yielded vesicles with low diameter (133.7 ± 18.4 nm), polydispersity index (0.39 ± 0.06), and zeta potential (- 1.22 ± 0.34 mV). 3-PD-5free (1 µM) and 3-PD-5lipo (3 µM) equally suppressed elastase release and reactive oxygen species generation in neutrophils from healthy subjects and i-RA and a-RA patients, stimulated with immune complexes. 3-PD-5free (20 µM) suppressed the release of neutrophil extracellular traps and chemotaxis in vitro, without clear signs of cytotoxicity. 3-PD-5lipo (1.5 mg/kg, i.p.) diminished joint edema and synovial infiltration of total leukocytes and neutrophils, without changing the synovial levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. CONCLUSION Altogether, the results reported herein indicate that 3-PD-5 is a promising modulator of the early stages of acute joint inflammation that can help to diminish not only excessive neutrophil infiltration in the synovia but also neutrophil activation and its outcomes in RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucinéia Reuse Albiero
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil. .,Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop, MT, Brazil.
| | - Micássio Fernandes de Andrade
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil. .,School of Health Sciences, The State University of Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoró, RN, Brazil.
| | - Larissa Fávaro Marchi
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Landi-Librandi
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Andréa Silva Garcia de Figueiredo-Rinhel
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Camila Andressa Carvalho
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Luciana Mariko Kabeya
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Renê Donizeti Ribeiro de Oliveira
- Division of Rheumatology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Elisa Caleiro Seixas Azzolini
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Mônica Tallarico Pupo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Flávio da Silva Emery
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Yara Maria Lucisano-Valim
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil.
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Loss of hypothermic and anti-pyretic action of paracetamol in cyclooxygenase-1 knockout mice is indicative of inhibition of cyclooxygenase-1 variant enzymes. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 861:172609. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Dangarembizi R, Rummel CD, Roth J, Erlwanger KH, Madziva MT, Harden LM. Pyrogenic and neuroinflammatory properties of zymosan and its potential as an alternative to live yeast in antipyretic drug testing. Facets (Ott) 2019. [DOI: 10.1139/facets-2018-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Zymosan, an immunogenic cell wall extract of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has potential for use as an experimental pyrogen. However, the short-lived sickness responses noted with intraperitoneal and intra-articular administration of zymosan limits investigations on the long-term effectiveness of antipyretic drugs. Thus, there remains a need to establish an alternative route of zymosan administration that could induce long-lived fevers and inflammation. We injected male Sprague Dawley rats (250–300 g) subcutaneously with zymosan (30 or 300 mg/kg) or saline; n = 7–8. We measured core body temperature, cage activity, food intake and body mass for 24 h after injection. Blood and brain samples were collected at 2, 8, and 18 h after injection. Zymosan (300 mg/kg) induced fever, lethargy, and anorexia, which lasted for 24 h. Zymosan-induced sickness responses were accompanied by increased blood plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α; activation of inflammatory transcription factors (nuclear factor (NF) for IL-6, signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-3, and NF-κB) in the hypothalamus and circumventricular organs; and increased hypothalamic mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 and rate-limiting enzymes for prostaglandin synthesis. Our results confirm the suitability of subcutaneous administration of zymosan for screening antipyretic and anti-inflammatory drugs in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Dangarembizi
- Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193 Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box AC 939, Ascot, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
| | - Christoph D. Rummel
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Frankfurter Strasse 100, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Joachim Roth
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Frankfurter Strasse 100, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Kennedy H. Erlwanger
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Michael T. Madziva
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lois M. Harden
- Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193 Johannesburg, South Africa
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Schneider AH, Kanashiro A, Dutra SGV, Souza RDND, Veras FP, Cunha FDQ, Ulloa L, Mecawi AS, Reis LC, Malvar DDC. Estradiol replacement therapy regulates innate immune response in ovariectomized arthritic mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 72:504-510. [PMID: 31055232 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Neuroendocrine changes are essential factors contributing to the progression and development of rheumatoid arthritis. However, the role of estrogen in the innate immunity during arthritis development is still controversial. Here, we evaluated the effect of estrous cycle, ovariectomy, estradiol replacement therapy and treatment with estrogen receptor (ER)α and ERβ specific agonists on joint edema formation, neutrophil recruitment, and articular levels of cytokines/chemokines in murine zymosan-induced arthritis. Our results showed that articular inflammation of proestus/estrus was similar to metaestus/diestrus animals indicating that the inflammatory response in acute arthritis is not affected by the estrous cycle. However, ovariectomy increased joint swelling, neutrophil migration, and TNF-α level. Treatment for six consecutive days with estradiol cypionate re-established the acute inflammation in ovariectomized arthritic mice to responses similar to those in SHAM-proestrus/estrus or naive mice. Moreover, treatment with propylpyrazoletriol and diarylpropionitrile, two ERα and ERβ selective agonists, respectively, inhibited both edema and neutrophil recruitment. Finally, the non-genomic properties of estradiol were analyzed with an acute treatment with β-estradiol-water soluble, which reduced the edema only. In the present study, estradiol replacement therapy improves the innate immune responses in ovariectomized arthritic mice by activating nuclear estrogen receptors. These results suggest that estradiol can induce a protective anti-inflammatory effect in arthritis during ovaries failure, as observed in the menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayda Henriques Schneider
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Multicentric Program of Post-Graduation in Physiological Sciences, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, BR 465/Km 07, 23897-000 Seropédica, RJ, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Kanashiro
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.
| | - Sabrina Graziani Veloso Dutra
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Multicentric Program of Post-Graduation in Physiological Sciences, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, BR 465/Km 07, 23897-000 Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Raquel do Nascimento de Souza
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Multicentric Program of Post-Graduation in Physiological Sciences, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, BR 465/Km 07, 23897-000 Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Flávio Protásio Veras
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando de Queiroz Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis Ulloa
- Department of Surgery, Center of Immunology and Inflammation, Rutgers University - New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - André Souza Mecawi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Multicentric Program of Post-Graduation in Physiological Sciences, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, BR 465/Km 07, 23897-000 Seropédica, RJ, Brazil; Department of Biophysics, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862, CEP 04023-062 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis Carlos Reis
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Multicentric Program of Post-Graduation in Physiological Sciences, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, BR 465/Km 07, 23897-000 Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - David do Carmo Malvar
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Multicentric Program of Post-Graduation in Physiological Sciences, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, BR 465/Km 07, 23897-000 Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
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Bastos-Pereira AL, Fraga D, Dreifuss AA, Zampronio AR. Central mediators of the zymosan-induced febrile response. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 28:555-562. [PMID: 28981444 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2017-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zymosan is a fungal cell wall protein-carbohydrate complex that is known to activate inflammatory pathways through the Toll-like receptors and is commonly used to induce fever. Nevertheless, the central mediators that are involved in the zymosan-induced febrile response are only partially known. METHODS The present study evaluated the participation of prostaglandins, substance P, endothelin-1 (ET-1), and endogenous opioids (eOPs) in the zymosan-induced febrile response by using inhibitors and antagonists in male Wistar rats. RESULTS Both nonselective (indomethacin) and selective (celecoxib) cyclooxygenase inhibitors reduced the febrile response induced by an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of zymosan. Indomethacin also blocked the increase in the prostaglandin E2 levels in the cerebrospinal fluid. An intracerebroventricular injection of the neurokinin-1, ETB, and μ-opioid receptor antagonists also reduced the febrile response induced by the i.p. injected zymosan. Moreover, the μ-opioid receptor antagonist CTAP also reduced the febrile response induced by intra-articular injection of zymosan. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that prostaglandins, substance P, ET-1, and eOPs are central mediators of the zymosan-induced febrile response.
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14
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Marius M, Gonzal TE, Gilbert A, William NY, Francis Désiré BT, Stephanie Flore DN, Sorelle MN, Marius Tresor WK. Analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic properties of aqueous and methanolic stem bark extracts from Nauclea pobeguinii (Rubiacee) in rats. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 15:jcim-2017-0140. [PMID: 29791314 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2017-0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Nauclea pobeguinii is a plant species found in the centre region of Cameroon. The stem bark of this plant is traditionally used to ease pain and cure inflammation. Method This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of doses 150 and 300 mg/kg of the aqueous and methanolic stem bark extracts from Nauclea pobeguinii on acute pain, acute and chronic inflammation induced by formalin and arthritis induced by zymosan A in rats. Oxidative stress parameters such as catalase, malondialdehyde and nitric oxide were measured in rats subjected to chronic inflammation. The standard used was diclofenac at 5 mg/kg. Results Aqueous extract as well as methanolic extract of Nauclea pobeguinii led to a significant reduction in the second phase of formalin induced pain with 54.22 and 48.02% of inhibition percentage, respectively. The formalin-induced inflammatory oedema was reduced by both extracts, and this effect remains significant until the tenth day of treatment. Equally, extracts significantly increased the catalase activity and inhibited the production of malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum, brain and spinal cord and NO reduction only in serum. Both extracts significantly reduced the articular oedema induced by zymosan A for 6 h and for 5 days. Furthermore, the histological study of the articulations shows a non-altered synovial membrane and a small cartilage in all treated animals versus negative control group. Conclusions From these results, it can be concluded that pain, inflammation and arthritic healing activities of both stem bark extracts were expressed in rats and could conciliate the use of this vegetable by traditional African healers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mbiantcha Marius
- Laboratory of Animal Physiolgy and Phytopharmacology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Tsafack Eric Gonzal
- Laboratory of Animal Physiolgy and Phytopharmacology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Ateufack Gilbert
- Laboratory of Animal Physiolgy and Phytopharmacology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Nana Yousseu William
- Laboratory of Animal Physiolgy and Phytopharmacology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Bomba Tatsinkou Francis Désiré
- Laboratory of Animal Physiolgy and Phytopharmacology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Djuichou Nguemnang Stephanie Flore
- Laboratory of Animal Physiolgy and Phytopharmacology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Mbankou Ngassam Sorelle
- Laboratory of Animal Physiolgy and Phytopharmacology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Wego Kamgaing Marius Tresor
- Laboratory of Animal Physiolgy and Phytopharmacology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
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15
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Dangarembizi R, Erlwanger KH, Rummel C, Roth J, Madziva MT, Harden LM. Brewer's yeast is a potent inducer of fever, sickness behavior and inflammation within the brain. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 68:211-223. [PMID: 29074357 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Brewer's yeast, derived from the yeast species Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae), is commonly used for inducing pyrexia in pharmacological studies screening antipyretics in rats. Despite its widespread use, the peripheral and central inflammatory response associated with Brewer's yeast-induced fever and sickness behavior in rats has not been investigated. Thus, we injected male Sprague-Dawley rats (150-200 g) subcutaneously with a high (4 g/kg, n = 9), medium (2 g/kg, n = 5) or low (0.4 g/kg, n = 6) dose of Brewer's yeast solution or saline (0.9%, n = 6) and measured core body temperature, cage activity, food intake and body mass for six days after injection. Blood and brain samples were collected at 2, 8, 18 and 72 h after injection; n = 5-7 per time point. Brewer's yeast administration dose-dependently induced fever, lethargy, anorexia and body mass stunting that was accompanied by increased blood plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and activation of inflammatory transcription factors (nuclear factor (NF) for interleukin-6, signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-3, and NF-κB)) in the hypothalamus and circumventricular organs. The increased activation of transcription factors following Brewer's yeast administration was accompanied by increased hypothalamic mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 and rate-limiting enzymes for prostaglandin synthesis. Our results show that subcutaneous administration of S. cerevisae induces prolonged fever, anorexia and lethargy that is accompanied by a pronounced increase in the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines, key prostaglandin synthesizing enzymes and transcription factors, in the periphery and brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Dangarembizi
- Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193 Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Science and Technology, Box AC939, Ascot, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe.
| | - K H Erlwanger
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - C Rummel
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Frankfurter Strasse 100, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - J Roth
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Frankfurter Strasse 100, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - M T Madziva
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - L M Harden
- Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193 Johannesburg, South Africa
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Gomes BRB, Firmino M, Jorge JS, Ferreira MLO, Rodovalho TM, Weis SN, Souza GEP, Morais PC, Sousa MV, Souza PEN, Veiga-Souza FH. Increase of reactive oxygen species in different tissues during lipopolysaccharide-induced fever and antipyresis: an electron paramagnetic resonance study. Free Radic Res 2018; 52:351-361. [PMID: 29308684 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2018.1425549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Fever is a regulated increase in body temperature and a component of the acute-phase response, triggered mainly after the invasion of pathogens in the body. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated during the physiological and pathological processes, and can act as both signalling molecules as well as promoters of oxidative stress. Male Wistar rats, pretreated with oral doses of acetaminophen, celecoxib, dipyrone, or ibuprofen 30 min before an intravenous lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or sterile saline injection, showed a reduced febrile response in all animals tested. The formation of ROS in the fresh blood, liver, brown adipose tissue (BAT), and hypothalamus of febrile and antipyretic-treated animals was assessed by electron paramagnetic resonance using the spin probe 1-hydroxy-3-methoxycarbonyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine (CMH). While the CM• concentrations remained unaltered in the blood samples examined 5 h after the induction of fever, we found increased CM• levels in the liver (in µM, saline: 290 ± 42; LPS: 512 ± 34), BAT (in µM, saline: 509 ± 79, LPS: 855 ± 79), and hypothalamus (in µM, saline: 292 ± 35; LPS: 467 ± 8) at the same time point. Importantly, none of the antipyretics were seen to alter the CM• accumulation profile. Data from this study suggest that there is an increased formation of ROS in the different tissues during fever, which may cause oxidative stress, and that the antipyretics tested do not interfere with ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna R B Gomes
- a Department of Cell Biology, Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry , Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia , Brasília , Brazil
| | - Marina Firmino
- a Department of Cell Biology, Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry , Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia , Brasília , Brazil
| | - Jardeson S Jorge
- b School of Ceilandia , University of Brasilia , Brasília , Brazil
| | | | | | - Simone N Weis
- a Department of Cell Biology, Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry , Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia , Brasília , Brazil
| | - Gloria E P Souza
- c Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto , University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
| | - Paulo C Morais
- d School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Anhui University , Hefei , China.,e Laboratory of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance , Institute of Physics, University of Brasilia , Brasília , Brazil
| | - Marcelo V Sousa
- a Department of Cell Biology, Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry , Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia , Brasília , Brazil
| | - Paulo E N Souza
- e Laboratory of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance , Institute of Physics, University of Brasilia , Brasília , Brazil
| | - Fabiane H Veiga-Souza
- a Department of Cell Biology, Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry , Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia , Brasília , Brazil.,b School of Ceilandia , University of Brasilia , Brasília , Brazil
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Malvar DDC, Aguiar FA, Vaz ADLL, Assis DCR, de Melo MCC, Jabor VAP, Kalapothakis E, Ferreira SH, Clososki GC, de Souza GEP. Dipyrone metabolite 4-MAA induces hypothermia and inhibits PGE2 -dependent and -independent fever while 4-AA only blocks PGE2 -dependent fever. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 171:3666-79. [PMID: 24712707 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The antipyretic and hypothermic prodrug dipyrone prevents PGE2 -dependent and -independent fever induced by LPS from Escherichia coli and Tityus serrulatus venom (Tsv) respectively. We aimed to identify the dipyrone metabolites responsible for the antipyretic and hypothermic effects. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Male Wistar rats were treated i.p. with indomethacin (2 mg·kg(-1) ), dipyrone, 4-methylaminoantipyrine (4-MAA), 4-aminoantipyrine (4-AA) (60-360 mg·kg(-1) ), 4-formylaminoantipyrine, 4-acethylaminoantipyrine (120-360 mg·kg(-1) ) or vehicle 30 min before i.p. injection of LPS (50 μg·kg(-1) ), Tsv (150 μg·kg(-1) ) or saline. Rectal temperatures were measured by tele-thermometry and dipyrone metabolite concentrations determined in the plasma, CSF and hypothalamus by LC-MS/MS. PGE2 concentrations were determined in the CSF and hypothalamus by elisa. KEY RESULTS In contrast to LPS, Tsv-induced fever was not followed by increased PGE2 in the CSF or hypothalamus. The antipyretic time-course of 4-MAA and 4-AA on LPS-induced fever overlapped with the period of the highest concentrations of 4-MAA and 4-AA in the hypothalamus, CSF and plasma. These metabolites reduced LPS-induced fever and the PGE2 increase in the plasma, CSF and hypothalamus. Only 4-MAA inhibited Tsv-induced fever. The higher doses of dipyrone and 4-MAA also induced hypothermia. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The presence of 4-MAA and 4-AA in the CSF and hypothalamus was associated with PGE2 synthesis inhibition and a decrease in LPS-induced fever. 4-MAA was also shown to be an antipyretic metabolite for PGE2 -independent fever induced by Tsv suggesting that it is responsible for the additional antipyretic mechanism of dipyrone. Moreover, 4-MAA is the hypothermic metabolite of dipyrone.
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Affiliation(s)
- David do C Malvar
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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de Oliveira FFB, de Araújo JCB, Pereira AF, Brito GAC, Gondim DV, Ribeiro RDA, de Menezes IRA, Vale ML. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of Caryocar coriaceum Wittm fruit pulp fixed ethyl acetate extract on zymosan-induced arthritis in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 174:452-463. [PMID: 26341615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The ethyl acetate extract from the fruit pulp of Caryocar coriaceum Wittm (Caryocaraceae), popularly known as pequi, has wide applications in popular medicine. Preclinical tests have demonstrated the therapeutic properties of the oil. We investigated the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of Pequi C. coriaceum Wittm ethyl acetate extract (PCCO) on zymosan-induced arthritis in rat knee joint. The animals were pretreated with PCCO for 7 consecutive days or with a single dose. Paw elevation time (PET), leukocyte infiltration, myeloperoxidase activity (MPO) and cytokine levels were assessed 4h after zymosan injection. Synovial tissue was harvested for immunohistochemical analysis, edema and vascular permeability. We observed a significant decrease in PET with PCCO pretreatment. PCCO showed a significant reduction of leukocyte migration and a decrease in MPO. Decreases were observed in cytokine release in the synovial fluid and TNF-α and cyclooxygenase-1 immunostaining in synovial tissue. Edema was inhibited by treatment with all doses of PCCO. The data suggest that PCCO exerts antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects on arthritis in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Fábio Bezerra de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Laboratório de Farmacologia da Inflamação e do Câncer, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Joana Cláudia Bezerra de Araújo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Laboratório de Farmacologia da Inflamação e do Câncer, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Anamaria Falcão Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Laboratório de Farmacologia da Inflamação e do Câncer, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Gerly Anne Castro Brito
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Laboratório de Farmacologia da Inflamação e do Câncer, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Morfofuncionais, Departamento de Morfologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Delane Viana Gondim
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Morfofuncionais, Departamento de Morfologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo de Albuquerque Ribeiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Laboratório de Farmacologia da Inflamação e do Câncer, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Irwin Rose Alencar de Menezes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioprospecção Molecular, Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Laboratório de Farmacologia e Química Molecular, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Mariana Lima Vale
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Laboratório de Farmacologia da Inflamação e do Câncer, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Morfofuncionais, Departamento de Morfologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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Roth J, Blatteis CM. Mechanisms of fever production and lysis: lessons from experimental LPS fever. Compr Physiol 2015; 4:1563-604. [PMID: 25428854 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c130033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fever is a cardinal symptom of infectious or inflammatory insults, but it can also arise from noninfectious causes. The fever-inducing agent that has been used most frequently in experimental studies designed to characterize the physiological, immunological and neuroendocrine processes and to identify the neuronal circuits that underlie the manifestation of the febrile response is lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Our knowledge of the mechanisms of fever production and lysis is largely based on this model. Fever is usually initiated in the periphery of the challenged host by the immediate activation of the innate immune system by LPS, specifically of the complement (C) cascade and Toll-like receptors. The first results in the immediate generation of the C component C5a and the subsequent rapid production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). The second, occurring after some delay, induces the further production of PGE2 by induction of its synthesizing enzymes and transcription and translation of proinflammatory cytokines. The Kupffer cells (Kc) of the liver seem to be essential for these initial processes. The subsequent transfer of the pyrogenic message from the periphery to the brain is achieved by neuronal and humoral mechanisms. These pathways subserve the genesis of early (neuronal signals) and late (humoral signals) phases of the characteristically biphasic febrile response to LPS. During the course of fever, counterinflammatory factors, "endogenous antipyretics," are elaborated peripherally and centrally to limit fever in strength and duration. The multiple interacting pro- and antipyretic signals and their mechanistic effects that underlie endotoxic fever are the subjects of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Roth
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
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Kanashiro A, Figueiredo MJ, Malvar DDC, Souza GEP. Cytokines, but not corticotropin-releasing factor and endothelin-1, participate centrally in the febrile response in zymosan-induced arthritis in rats. Brain Res 2015; 1610:12-9. [PMID: 25819555 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent literature has revealed that centrally generated prostaglandins participate in the febrile response in zymosan-induced arthritis in rats. However, it is not clear whether other centrally acting pyrogenic mediators such as cytokines, endothelins (ETs), and the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) contribute to the febrile response in this model. In the present study, rats were pretreated with intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injections of soluble TNF receptor I (sTNFRI), recombinant IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), anti-rat IL-6 monoclonal antibody (AbIL-6), α-helical CRF9-41 (a nonselective CRF1/CRF2 receptor antagonist), BQ-123 (an ETA receptor antagonist), BQ-788 (an ETB receptor antagonist), and artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF, control) prior to an intra-articular zymosan (4 mg) injection. Rectal temperatures were measured with a telethermometer. The administration of IL-1ra (200 µg), sTNFRI (500 ng), and AbIL-6 (5 µg) attenuated body temperature elevations after a zymosan injection. The administration of BQ-788 (3 pmol), BQ-123 (3 pmol), and α-helical CRF9-41 (25 µg) did not affect the zymosan-induced febrile response. All the compounds used to pretreat the animals did not significantly alter their basal body temperatures. Together, the results here demonstrate that the febrile response in zymosan-induced arthritis in rats depends on the centrally acting pyrogenic cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, but does not depend on either CRF or ET-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Kanashiro
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria J Figueiredo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil
| | - David do C Malvar
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Physiologic Sciences, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, BR 465/Km 07, Seropédica 23890-000, RJ, Brazil
| | - Glória E P Souza
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil.
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Souza GV, Simas AS, Bastos-Pereira AL, Frois GRA, Ribas JLC, Verdan MH, Kassuya CAL, Stefanello ME, Zampronio AR. Antinociceptive activity of the ethanolic extract, fractions, and aggregatin D isolated from Sinningia aggregata tubers. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117501. [PMID: 25719394 PMCID: PMC4342217 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of the ethanolic extract (ESa), fractions, and compounds isolated from Sinningia aggregata in male Swiss mice on carrageenan-induced paw edema, neutrophil migration, mechanical hyperalgesia, formalin-induced nociception, and lipopolysaccharide-induced fever. The ESa did not alter edema, neutrophil migration, or fever at any of the doses tested. However, the ESa reduced phase II of formalin-induced nociception and carrageenan-induced mechanical hyperalgesia. The petroleum ether (PE) and ethyl acetate (EA) fractions and aggregatin D (AgD; isolated from the EA fraction) reduced formalin-induced nociception. Anthraquinones from the PE fraction were ineffective. AgD also inhibited carrageenan-induced mechanical hyperalgesia. Neither the ESa nor AgD altered thermal nociception or motor performance. Local administration of AgD also reduced hyperalgesia induced by carrageenan, bradykinin, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant, prostaglandin E2, and dopamine but not hyperalgesia induced by forskolin or dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate. The positive control dipyrone reduced the response induced by all of the stimuli. Additionally, glibenclamide abolished the analgesic effect of dipyrone but not the one induced by AgD. AgD did not change lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production by macrophages or the nociception induced by capsaicin, cinnamaldehyde, acidified saline, or menthol. These results suggest that the ESa has important antinociceptive activity, and this activity results at least partially from the presence of AgD. AgD reduced mechanical hyperalgesia induced by several inflammatory mediators through mechanisms that are different from classic analgesic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geórgea V. Souza
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Centro Politécnico, PO Box 19031, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Alex S. Simas
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Centro Politécnico, PO Box 19031, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Amanda L. Bastos-Pereira
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Centro Politécnico, PO Box 19031, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Gisele R. A. Frois
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Centro Politécnico, PO Box 19031, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - João L. C. Ribas
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Centro Politécnico, PO Box 19031, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Maria H. Verdan
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, Centro Politécnico, PO Box 19081, Curitiba, PR, 81530-900, Brazil
| | - Cândida A. L. Kassuya
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Centro Politécnico, PO Box 19031, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Maria E. Stefanello
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, Centro Politécnico, PO Box 19081, Curitiba, PR, 81530-900, Brazil
| | - Aleksander R. Zampronio
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Centro Politécnico, PO Box 19031, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Idborg H, Pawelzik SC, Perez-Manso M, Björk L, Hamrin J, Herlenius E, Jakobsson PJ. Evaluation of urinary prostaglandin E2 metabolite as a biomarker in infants with fever due to viral infection. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2014; 91:269-75. [PMID: 25305792 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the clinical feasibility of the major urinary metabolite of prostaglandin (PG) E2, tetranor-PGEM, as a biomarker of inflammation in infants with fever. We tested two different and clinically relevant sampling methods, using self-adhesive urinary bags or gauze pads, with respect to stability of tetranor-PGEM and ease of sampling from infants. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis was used to quantify tetranor-PGEM in urine, and different normalization parameters, i.e., urinary creatinine and body surface area, were investigated. To study inflammation, infants (1 month-1 year) that were hospitalized with fever of unknown origin at admittance (n=14) were compared to age-matched healthy controls (n=14). Levels of urinary tetranor-PGEM in infants with viral induced fever were increased compared to controls (102.4±56.2 vs. 37.0±21.6pmol/ml/m(2) body surface area, p<0.001). We conclude that urinary tetranor-PGEM is a potential non-invasive biomarker of inflammation in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Idborg
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden
| | | | - Monica Perez-Manso
- Neonatal Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children׳s Health, Astrid Lindgren Children׳s Hospital both at Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Björk
- Neonatal Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children׳s Health, Astrid Lindgren Children׳s Hospital both at Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Hamrin
- Neonatal Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children׳s Health, Astrid Lindgren Children׳s Hospital both at Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eric Herlenius
- Neonatal Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children׳s Health, Astrid Lindgren Children׳s Hospital both at Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Per-Johan Jakobsson
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden
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Simultaneous determination of dipyrone metabolites in rat hypothalamus, cerebrospinal fluid and plasma samples by LC-MS/MS. Bioanalysis 2014; 5:2631-45. [PMID: 24180504 DOI: 10.4155/bio.13.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND After oral administration dipyrone is rapidly hydrolyzed to 4-methylaminoantipyrine, which is absorbed and further metabolized to 4-formylaminoantipyrine and to 4-aminoantipyrine, which is acetylated by a polymorphic N-acetyltransferase system to 4-acetylaminoantipyrine. To evaluate the presence of dipyrone metabolites in different rat matrices after intraperitoneal administration, an analytical method was developed and validated. METHODOLOGY The four main dipyrone metabolites were extracted from plasma, cerebrospinal fluid and hypothalamus samples by LLE prior to LC-MS/MS. RESULTS Standard calibration graphs for all metabolites were linear (r > 0.99). The intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy values were both inferior to 15%. CONCLUSION This method is simple and specific for studying dipyrone metabolites after intraperitoneal administration.
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Bastos-Pereira AL, Fraga D, Ott D, Simm B, Murgott J, Roth J, Zampronio AR. Involvement of brain cytokines in zymosan-induced febrile response. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2014; 116:1220-9. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01278.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study compared the involvement of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) within the central nervous system (CNS) in the febrile response induced by zymosan (zym) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In addition, we investigated whether zym could activate important regions related to fever; namely, the vascular organ of the laminae terminalis (OVLT) and the median preoptic nucleus (MnPO). Intraperitoneal injection of zym (1, 3, and 10 mg/kg) induced a dose-related increase in core temperature. Zym (3 mg/kg) also reduced tail skin temperature, suggesting the activation of heat conservation mechanisms, as expected, during fever. LPS increased plasma levels of TNF-α measured at 1 h, IL-1β measured at 2 h, and IL-6 measured at 3 h after injection. Zym increased circulating levels of IL-6 but not those of TNF-α or IL-1β at the same time points. In addition, an intracerebroventricular injection of antibodies against TNF-α (2.5 μg) and IL-6 (10 μg) or the IL-1 receptor antagonist (160 ng) reduced the febrile response induced by zym and LPS. Zym (100 μg/ml) also increased intracellular calcium concentration in the OVLT and MnPO from rat primary neuroglial cultures and increased release of TNF-α and IL-6 into the supernatants of these cultures. Together, these results suggest that TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 within the CNS participate in the febrile response induced by zym. However, the time course of release of these cytokines may be different from that of LPS. In addition, zym can directly activate the brain areas related to fever.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Fraga
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil; and
| | - Daniela Ott
- Institut für Veterinär-Physiologie, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Björn Simm
- Institut für Veterinär-Physiologie, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jolanta Murgott
- Institut für Veterinär-Physiologie, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Joachim Roth
- Institut für Veterinär-Physiologie, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
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Malvar DDC, Ferreira RT, de Castro RA, de Castro LL, Freitas ACC, Costa EA, Florentino IF, Mafra JCM, de Souza GEP, Vanderlinde FA. Antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects of 1.5-diphenyl-1H-Pyrazole-3-carbohydrazide, a new heterocyclic pyrazole derivative. Life Sci 2014; 95:81-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Figueiredo J, Ferreira AE, Silva RL, Ulloa L, Grieco P, Cunha TM, Ferreira SH, Cunha FDQ, Kanashiro A. NDP-MSH inhibits neutrophil migration through nicotinic and adrenergic receptors in experimental peritonitis. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2013; 386:311-8. [PMID: 23338711 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-013-0834-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Melanocortin is a potent anti-inflammatory molecule. However, little is known about the effect of melanocortin on acute inflammatory processes such as neutrophil migration. In the present study, we investigated the ability of [Nle4, D-Phe7]-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (NDP-MSH), a semisynthetic melanocortin compound, in the inhibition of neutrophil migration in carrageenin-induced peritonitis model. Herein, subcutaneous pretreatment with NDP-MSH decreased neutrophil trafficking in the peritoneal cavity in a dose-dependent manner. NDP-MSH inhibited vascular leakage, leukocyte rolling, and adhesion and reduced peritoneal macrophage inflammatory protein 2, but not TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-10, and keratinocyte-derived chemokine production. In addition, the effect on neutrophil migration was reverted by the pretreatment with both propranolol (a nonselective beta-adrenergic antagonist) and mecamylamine (a nonselective nicotinic antagonist) but not by splenectomy surgery. Moreover, NDP-MSH intracerebroventricular administration inhibited neutrophil migration, indicating participation of the central nervous system. Our results propose that the NDP-MSH effect may be due to a spleen-independent neuro-immune pathway that efficiently regulates excessive neutrophil recruitment to tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozi Figueiredo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Martins JM, Longhi-Balbinot DT, Soares DM, Figueiredo MJ, Malvar DDC, de Melo MCC, Rae GA, Souza GEP. Involvement of PGE2and RANTES inStaphylococcus aureus-induced fever in rats. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2012; 113:1456-65. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00936.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the involvement of prostaglandins and regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), in fever induced by live Staphylococcus aureus (no. 25923, American Type Culture Collection) injection in rats. S. aureus was injected intraperitoneally at 109, 1010, and 2 × 1010colony-forming units (CFU)/cavity, and body temperature (Tb) was measured by radiotelemetry. The lowest dose of S. aureus induced a modest transient increase in Tb, whereas the two higher doses promoted similar long-lasting and sustained Tbincreases. Thus, the 1010CFU/cavity dose was chosen for the remaining experiments. The Tbincrease induced by S. aureus was accompanied by significant decreases in tail skin temperature and increases in PGE2levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and hypothalamus but not in the venous plasma. Celecoxib (selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, 2.5 mg/kg po) inhibited the fever and the increases in PGE2concentration in the CSF and hypothalamus induced by S. aureus. Dipyrone (120 mg/kg ip) reduced the fever from 2.5 to 4 h and the PGE2increase in the CSF but not in the hypothalamus. S. aureus increased RANTES in the peritoneal exudate but not in the CSF or hypothalamus. Met-RANTES (100 μg/kg iv), a chemokine (C-C motif) receptor (CCR)1/CCR5 antagonist, reduced the first 6 h of fever induced by S. aureus. This study suggests that peripheral (local) RANTES and central PGE2production are key events in the febrile response to live S. aureus injection. As dipyrone does not reduce PGE2synthesis in the hypothalamus, it is plausible that S. aureus induces fever, in part, via a dipyrone-sensitive PGE2-independent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliano M. Martins
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Daniela T. Longhi-Balbinot
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Denis M. Soares
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Maria José Figueiredo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - David do C. Malvar
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Miriam C. C. de Melo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Giles A. Rae
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Center, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Glória E. P. Souza
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; and
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Febrile response induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in rats: involvement of prostaglandin E2 and cytokines. Med Microbiol Immunol 2011; 201:219-29. [DOI: 10.1007/s00430-011-0225-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Malvar DDC, Soares DM, Fabrício ASC, Kanashiro A, Machado RR, Figueiredo MJ, Rae GA, de Souza GEP. The antipyretic effect of dipyrone is unrelated to inhibition of PGE(2) synthesis in the hypothalamus. Br J Pharmacol 2011; 162:1401-9. [PMID: 21133897 PMCID: PMC3058171 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.01150.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces fever through two parallel pathways; one, prostaglandin (PG)-dependent and the other, PG-independent and involving endothelin-1 (ET-1). For a better understanding of the mechanisms by which dipyrone exerts antipyresis, we have investigated its effects on fever and changes in PGE(2) content in plasma, CSF and hypothalamus induced by either LPS or ET-1. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Rats were given (i.p.) dipyrone (120 mg·kg(-1)) or indomethacin (2 mg·kg(-1)) 30 min before injection of LPS (5 µg·kg(-1), i.v.) or ET-1 (1 pmol, i.c.v.). Rectal temperature was measured by tele-thermometry. PGE(2) levels were determined in the plasma, CSF and hypothalamus by elisa. KEY RESULTS LPS or ET-1 induced fever and increased CSF and hypothalamic PGE(2) levels. Two hours after LPS, indomethacin reduced CSF and hypothalamic PGE(2) but did not inhibit fever, while at 3 h it reduced all three parameters. Three hours after ET-1, indomethacin inhibited the increase in CSF and hypothalamic PGE(2) levels but did not affect fever. Dipyrone abolished both the fever and the increased CSF PGE(2) levels induced by LPS or ET-1 but did not affect the increased hypothalamic PGE(2) levels. Dipyrone also reduced the increase in the venous plasma PGE(2) concentration induced by LPS. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These findings confirm that PGE(2) does not play a relevant role in ET-1-induced fever. They also demonstrate for the first time that the antipyretic effect of dipyrone was not mechanistically linked to the inhibition of hypothalamic PGE(2) synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David do C Malvar
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Increase of core temperature induced by corticotropin-releasing factor and urocortin: A comparative study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 165:191-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2010.07.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2009] [Revised: 06/23/2010] [Accepted: 07/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Fisher RE, Karrow NA, Quinton M, Finegan EJ, Miller SP, Atkinson JL, Boermans HJ. Endotoxin exposure during late pregnancy alters ovine offspring febrile and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis responsiveness later in life. Stress 2010; 13:334-42. [PMID: 20536335 DOI: 10.3109/10253891003663762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing number of studies indicate that maternal infection during pregnancy is associated with adverse fetal development and neonatal health. In this study, late gestating sheep (day 135) were challenged systemically with saline (0.9%) or Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide endotoxin (400 ng/kg x 3 consecutive days, or 1.2 microg/kg x 1 day) in order to assess the impact of maternal endotoxemia on the developing fetal neuroendocrine-immune system. During adulthood, cortisol secretion and febrile responses of female offspring and the cortisol response of the male offspring to endotoxin (400 ng/kg), as well as the female cortisol response to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) challenge, were measured to assess neuroendocrine-immune function. These studies revealed that maternal endotoxin treatment during late gestation altered the female febrile and male and female cortisol response to endotoxin exposure later in life; however, the response was dependent on the endotoxin treatment regime that the pregnant sheep received. The follow-up ACTH challenge suggests that programing of the adrenal gland may be altered in the female fetus during maternal endotoxemia. The long-term health implications of these changes warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E Fisher
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ont., N1G 2W1, Canada
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Santos MDD, Chen G, Almeida MC, Soares DM, de Souza GEP, Lopes NP, Lantz RC. Effects of Caffeoylquinic Acid Derivatives and C-Flavonoid from Lychnophora ericoides on in vitro Inflammatory Mediator Production. Nat Prod Commun 2010. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1000500512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we aimed at evaluating the effect of the major polar constituents of the medicinal plant Lychnophora ericoides on the production of inflammatory mediators produced by LPS-stimulated U-937 cells. The 6,8-di- C-β-glucosylapigenin (vicenin-2) presented no effect on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production, but inhibited, in a dose-dependent manner, the production of prostaglandin (PG) E2 without altering the expression of cyclooxygenase (COX) -2 protein. 3,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid and 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, at lower concentrations, had small but significant effects on reducing PGE2 levels; at higher doses these compounds stimulated PGE2 and also TNF-α production by the cells. All the caffeoylquinic acid derivatives, in a dose-dependent fashion, were able to inhibit monocyte chemoattractant protein-3 synthesis/release, with 4,5-DCQ being the most potent at the highest tested concentration. These results add important information on the effects of plant natural polyphenols, namely vicenin-2 and caffeoylquinic acid derivatives, on the production of inflammatory mediators by cultured cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel David dos Santos
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo. Ribeiräo Preto- SP, 14040-903, Brazil
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Guanjie Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | | | - Denis Melo Soares
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo. Ribeiräo Preto- SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Glória Emília Petto de Souza
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo. Ribeiräo Preto- SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Norberto Peporine Lopes
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo. Ribeiräo Preto- SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - R. Clark Lantz
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
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