1
|
Zhang XY, Hong LL, Ling ZQ. MUC16: clinical targets with great potential. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:101. [PMID: 38758220 PMCID: PMC11101557 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-024-01365-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Mucin 16 (MUC16) is a membrane-bound mucin that is abnormally expressed or mutated in a variety of diseases, especially tumors, while being expressed in normal body epithelium. MUC16 and its extracellular components are often important cancer-related biomarkers. Abnormal expression of MUC16 promotes tumor progression through mesenchymal protein, PI3K/AKT pathway, JAK2/STAT3 pathway, ERK/FBW7/c-Myc, and other mechanisms, and plays an important role in the occurrence and development of tumors. In addition, MUC16 also helps tumor immune escape by inhibiting T cells and NK cells. Many drugs and trials targeting MUC16 have been developed, and MUC16 may be a new direction for future treatments. In this paper, the mechanism of action of MUC16 in the development of cancer, especially in the immune escape of tumor, is introduced in detail, indicating the potential of MUC16 in clinical treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Zhang
- Zhejiang Cancer Institute, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, No.1 Banshan East Rd., Gongshu District, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang, Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Lian-Lian Hong
- Zhejiang Cancer Institute, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, No.1 Banshan East Rd., Gongshu District, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Ling
- Zhejiang Cancer Institute, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, No.1 Banshan East Rd., Gongshu District, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China.
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China.
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang, Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Casey NP, Kleinmanns K, Forcados C, Gelebart PF, Joaquina S, Lode M, Benard E, Kaveh F, Caulier B, Helgestad Gjerde C, García de Jalón E, Warren DJ, Lindemann K, Rokkones E, Davidson B, Myhre MR, Kvalheim G, Bjørge L, McCormack E, Inderberg EM, Wälchli S. Efficient CAR T cell targeting of the CA125 extracellular repeat domain of MUC16. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e008179. [PMID: 38604812 PMCID: PMC11015285 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-008179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer (OC) is the leading cause of death from gynecologic malignancies in the Western world. Contributing factors include a high frequency of late-stage diagnosis, the development of chemoresistance, and the evasion of host immune responses. Currently, debulking surgery and platinum-based chemotherapy are the treatment cornerstones, although recurrence is common. As the clinical efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade is low, new immunotherapeutic strategies are needed. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy empowers patients' own T cells to fight and eradicate cancer, and has been tested against various targets in OC. A promising candidate is the MUC16 ectodomain. This ectodomain remains on the cell surface after cleavage of cancer antigen 125 (CA125), the domain distal from the membrane, which is currently used as a serum biomarker for OC. CA125 itself has not been tested as a possible CAR target. In this study, we examined the suitability of the CA125 as a target for CAR T cell therapy. METHODS We tested a series of antibodies raised against the CA125 extracellular repeat domain of MUC16 and adapted them to the CAR format. Comparisons between these candidates, and against an existing CAR targeting the MUC16 ectodomain, identified K101 as having high potency and specificity. The K101CAR was subjected to further biochemical and functional tests, including examination of the effect of soluble CA125 on its activity. Finally, we used cell lines and advanced orthotopic patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models to validate, in vivo, the efficiency of our K101CAR construct. RESULTS We observed a high efficacy of K101CAR T cells against cell lines and patient-derived tumors, in vitro and in vivo. We also demonstrated that K101CAR functionality was not impaired by the soluble antigen. Finally, in direct comparisons, K101CAR, which targets the CA125 extracellular repeat domains, was shown to have similar efficacy to the previously validated 4H11CAR, which targets the MUC16 ectodomain. CONCLUSIONS Our in vitro and in vivo results, including PDX studies, demonstrate that the CA125 domain of MUC16 represents an excellent target for treating MUC16-positive malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P Casey
- Translational Research Unit, Section of Cellular Therapy, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Katrin Kleinmanns
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Christopher Forcados
- Translational Research Unit, Section of Cellular Therapy, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pascal F Gelebart
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sandy Joaquina
- Translational Research Unit, Section of Cellular Therapy, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Martine Lode
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Emmanuelle Benard
- Translational Research Unit, Section of Cellular Therapy, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fatemeh Kaveh
- Translational Research Unit, Section of Cellular Therapy, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Benjamin Caulier
- Translational Research Unit, Section of Cellular Therapy, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Cancer Cell Reprogramming (CanCell), Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christiane Helgestad Gjerde
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Elvira García de Jalón
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - David J Warren
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristina Lindemann
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erik Rokkones
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ben Davidson
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marit Renee Myhre
- Translational Research Unit, Section of Cellular Therapy, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunnar Kvalheim
- Translational Research Unit, Section of Cellular Therapy, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Line Bjørge
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Emmet McCormack
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Section, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Else Marit Inderberg
- Translational Research Unit, Section of Cellular Therapy, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sébastien Wälchli
- Translational Research Unit, Section of Cellular Therapy, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang CW, Weaver SD, Boonpattrawong N, Schuster-Little N, Patankar M, Whelan RJ. A Revised Molecular Model of Ovarian Cancer Biomarker CA125 (MUC16) Enabled by Long-read Sequencing. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 4:253-263. [PMID: 38197671 PMCID: PMC10829539 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
The biomarker CA125, a peptide epitope located in several tandem repeats of the mucin MUC16, is the gold standard for monitoring regression and recurrence of high-grade serous ovarian cancer in response to therapy. However, the CA125 epitope along with several structural features of the MUC16 molecule are ill defined. One central aspect still unresolved is the number of tandem repeats in MUC16 and how many of these repeats contain the CA125 epitope. Studies from the early 2000s assembled short DNA reads to estimate that MUC16 contained 63 repeats.Here, we conduct Nanopore long-read sequencing of MUC16 transcripts from three primary ovarian tumors and established cell lines (OVCAR3, OVCAR5, and Kuramochi) for a more exhaustive and accurate estimation and sequencing of the MUC16 tandem repeats.The consensus sequence derived from these six sources was confirmed by proteomics validation and agrees with recent additions to the NCBI database. We propose a model of MUC16 containing 19-not 63-tandem repeats. In addition, we predict the structure of the tandem repeat domain using the deep learning algorithm, AlphaFold.The predicted structure displays an SEA domain and unstructured linker region rich in proline, serine, and threonine residues in all 19 tandem repeats. These studies now pave the way for a detailed characterization of the CA125 epitope. Sequencing and modeling of the MUC16 tandem repeats along with their glycoproteomic characterization, currently underway in our laboratories, will help identify novel epitopes in the MUC16 molecule that improve on the sensitivity and clinical utility of the current CA125 assay. SIGNIFICANCE Despite its crucial role in clinical management of ovarian cancer, the exact molecular sequence and structure of the biomarker, CA125, are not defined. Here, we combine long-read sequencing, mass spectrometry, and in silico modeling to provide the foundational dataset for a more complete characterization of the CA125 epitope.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Wei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Simon D. Weaver
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Nicha Boonpattrawong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | | | - Manish Patankar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tennenhouse A, Khmelnitsky L, Khalaila R, Yeshaya N, Noronha A, Lindzen M, Makowski EK, Zaretsky I, Sirkis YF, Galon-Wolfenson Y, Tessier PM, Abramson J, Yarden Y, Fass D, Fleishman SJ. Computational optimization of antibody humanness and stability by systematic energy-based ranking. Nat Biomed Eng 2024; 8:30-44. [PMID: 37550425 PMCID: PMC10842793 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-023-01079-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Conventional methods for humanizing animal-derived antibodies involve grafting their complementarity-determining regions onto homologous human framework regions. However, this process can substantially lower antibody stability and antigen-binding affinity, and requires iterative mutational fine-tuning to recover the original antibody properties. Here we report a computational method for the systematic grafting of animal complementarity-determining regions onto thousands of human frameworks. The method, which we named CUMAb (for computational human antibody design; available at http://CUMAb.weizmann.ac.il ), starts from an experimental or model antibody structure and uses Rosetta atomistic simulations to select designs by energy and structural integrity. CUMAb-designed humanized versions of five antibodies exhibited similar affinities to those of the parental animal antibodies, with some designs showing marked improvement in stability. We also show that (1) non-homologous frameworks are often preferred to highest-homology frameworks, and (2) several CUMAb designs that differ by dozens of mutations and that use different human frameworks are functionally equivalent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Tennenhouse
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lev Khmelnitsky
- Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Razi Khalaila
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Noa Yeshaya
- Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ashish Noronha
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Moshit Lindzen
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Emily K Makowski
- Biointerfaces Institute and Departments of Chemical Engineering, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ira Zaretsky
- Antibody Engineering Unit, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | | | - Peter M Tessier
- Biointerfaces Institute and Departments of Chemical Engineering, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jakub Abramson
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yosef Yarden
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Deborah Fass
- Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sarel J Fleishman
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yang ST, Chang WH, Chou FW, Liu HH, Lee WL, Wang PH. Front-line chemo-immunotherapy for treating epithelial ovarian cancer: Part I CA125 and anti-CA125. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2023; 62:802-808. [PMID: 38008497 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2023.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The current standard therapy of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the combination of surgery (primary cytoreductive surgery or interval cytoreductive surgery) and platinum-based chemotherapy (mainly using paclitaxel and carboplatin either by neoadjuvant chemotherapy and/or by postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy) with/without adding targeted therapy (mainly using anti-angiogenesis agent- bevacizumab). After front-line chemotherapy, the advanced-stage EOC can be successfully controlled and three-quarters of patients can achieve a complete clinical remission. Unfortunately, nearly all patients will recur and progression-free survival (PFS) of these patients is seldom more than 3 years with a dismal median PFS of 12-18 months. With each recurrence, patients finally develop resistance to standard chemotherapy regimen, contributing to fewer than half of women who survive for more than 5 years after diagnosis with a median overall survival (OS) of 40.7 months. Due to the lower PFS and OS, particularly for those advanced-stage patients, novel therapeutic options during the front-line therapy are desperately needed to decrease the occurrence of recurrence, and the majority of them are still under investigation. It is well-known that overexpression of CA125 has been associated with attenuated cellular apoptosis, platinum chemotherapy resistance, tumor proliferation and disease progression, suggesting that anti-CA125 may play a role in the management of patients with EOC. The current review is a Part I which will focus on development of anti-CA125 monoclonal antibody, hoping that alternation of the front-line therapy by chemo-immunotherapy will be beneficial for prolonged survival of patients with EOC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Ting Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsun Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Wei Chou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Hsien Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Tucheng Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ling Lee
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Peng-Hui Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Female Cancer Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhao H, Wu L, Dai J, Sun K, Zi Z, Guan J, Zhang L. Ligand-based adoptive T cell targeting CA125 in ovarian cancer. J Transl Med 2023; 21:596. [PMID: 37670338 PMCID: PMC10481596 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04271-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer (OC) is a highly aggressive gynecological malignancy prevalent worldwide. Most OC cases are typically diagnosed at advanced stages, which has led to a 5-year overall survival rate of less than 35% following conventional treatment. Furthermore, immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy has shown limited efficacy in the treatment of patients with OC, and CAR-T therapy has also demonstrated modest results owing to inadequate T cell infiltration. Therefore, novel strategies must be developed to enhance T cell persistence and trafficking within the OC tumor microenvironment. METHODS In this study, we developed a novel adoptive T-cell therapy for ovarian cancer based on a chimeric antigen receptor structure. We used a ligand-receptor binding motif to enhance the therapeutic effect of targeting CA125. Since mesothelin can naturally bind to CA125 with high affinity, we concatenated the core-binding fragment of mesothelin with the 4-1BB and CD3ζ signal fragments to assemble a novel CA125-targeting chimeric receptor (CR). The CAR structure targeting CA125 derived from the 4H11 antibody was also constructed. CR- and CAR-encoding RNA were electroporated into T cells to evaluate their antitumor activity both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS While CR-T or CAR-T cells exhibited moderate activity against two ovarian cancer cell lines, T cells co-expressing CR and CAR exhibited a superior killing effect compared to T cells expressing either CR or CAR alone. Furthermore, upon interaction with ovarian tumors, the ability of CR and CAR T cells to release activation markers and functional cytokines increased significantly. Similarly, CR and CAR co-expressing T cells persistently controlled the growth of transplanted ovarian cancer tumors in NSG mice and significantly prolonged the overall survival of tumor-challenged mice. Transcriptome sequencing revealed that the survival and cytotoxicity of T cells co-expressing CR and CAR were significantly altered compared with those of T cells expressing either CR or CAR. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that CA125 targeting CR and CAR can synergistically kill ovarian cancer cells, indicating that CA125 targeting by the two binding motifs simultaneously in tumors may improve the therapeutic outcomes of ovarian cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haihong Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lina Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jiemin Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ke Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhenguo Zi
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Junhua Guan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Liwen Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hanson EK, Wang CW, Minkoff L, Whelan RJ. Strategies for Mitigating Commercial Sensor Chip Variability with Experimental Design Controls. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:6703. [PMID: 37571487 PMCID: PMC10422579 DOI: 10.3390/s23156703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is a popular real-time technique for the measurement of binding affinity and kinetics, and bench-top instruments combine affordability and ease of use with other benefits of the technique. Biomolecular ligands labeled with the 6xHis tag can be immobilized onto sensing surfaces presenting the Ni2+-nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) functional group. While Ni-NTA immobilization offers many advantages, including the ability to regenerate and reuse the sensors, its use can lead to signal variability between experimental replicates. We report here a study of factors contributing to this variability using the Nicoya OpenSPR as a model system and suggest ways to control for those factors, increasing the reproducibility and rigor of the data. Our model ligand/analyte pairs were two ovarian cancer biomarker proteins (MUC16 and HE4) and their corresponding monoclonal antibodies. We observed a broad range of non-specific binding across multiple NTA chips. Experiments run on the same chips had more consistent results in ligand immobilization and analyte binding than experiments run on different chips. Further assessment showed that different chips demonstrated different maximum immobilizations for the same concentration of injected protein. We also show a variety of relationships between ligand immobilization level and analyte response, which we attribute to steric crowding at high ligand concentrations. Using this calibration to inform experimental design, researchers can choose protein concentrations for immobilization corresponding to the linear range of analyte response. We are the first to demonstrate calibration and normalization as a strategy to increase reproducibility and data quality of these chips. Our study assesses a variety of factors affecting chip variability, addressing a gap in knowledge about commercially available sensor chips. Controlling for these factors in the process of experimental design will minimize variability in analyte signal when using these important sensing platforms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eliza K. Hanson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA; (E.K.H.); (C.W.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA;
| | - Chien-Wei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA; (E.K.H.); (C.W.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA;
| | - Lisa Minkoff
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA;
| | - Rebecca J. Whelan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA; (E.K.H.); (C.W.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Song Y, Yuan M, Wang G. Update value and clinical application of MUC16 (cancer antigen 125). Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:745-756. [PMID: 37584221 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2248376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The largest transmembrane mucin, mucin 16 (MUC16), contains abundant glycosylation sites on the molecular surface, allowing it to participate in various molecular pathways. When cells lose polarity and become cancerous, MUC16 is overexpressed, and more of the extracellular region (cancer antigen [CA]125) is released into serum and possibly, promote the development of diseases. Thus, MUC16 plays an indispensable role in clinical research and application. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the update proposed role of MUC16 in carcinogenesis and metastasis. Most importantly, we prospect its potential value in targeted therapy after screening 1226 articles published within the last 10 years from PubMed. Two reviewers screened each record and each report retrieved independently. We have summarized the progress of MUC16/CA125 in basic research and clinical application, and predicted its possible future development directions. EXPERT OPINION As an important noninvasive co-factor in the diagnosis of gynecological diseases, MUC16 has been used for a long time, especially in the diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer. The overexpression of MUC16 plays a very obvious role in regulating inflammatory response, supporting immune suppression, and promoting the proliferation, division, and metastasis of cancer cells. In the next 20 years, there will be a luxuriant clinical application of MUC16 as a target for immune monitoring and immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaan Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Medical Integration and Practice Center, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Gynecology Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ming Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Gynecology Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guoyun Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Gynecology Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang CW, Hanson EK, Minkoff L, Whelan RJ. Individual recombinant repeats of MUC16 display variable binding to CA125 antibodies. Cancer Biomark 2023:CBM220191. [PMID: 37248884 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-220191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite its importance in the clinical management of ovarian cancer, the CA125 biomarker - located on the mucin protein MUC16 - is still not completely understood. Questions remain about MUC16's function and structure, specifically the identity and location of the CA125 epitopes. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to characterize the interaction of individual recombinant repeats from the tandem repeat domain of MUC16 with antibodies used in the clinical CA125 II test. METHODS Using E. coli expression, we isolated nine repeats from the putative antigenic domain of CA125. Amino acid composition of recombinant repeats was confirmed by high-resolution mass spectrometry. We characterized the binding of four antibodies - OC125, M11, "OC125-like," and "M11-like" - to nine recombinant repeats using Western blotting, indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and localized surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy. RESULTS Each recombinant repeat was recognized by a different combination of CA125 antibodies. OC125 and "OC125-like" antibodies did not bind the same set of recombinant repeats, nor did M11 and "M11-like" antibodies. CONCLUSIONS Characterization of the interactions between MUC16 recombinant repeats and CA125 antibodies will contribute to ongoing efforts to identify the CA125 epitopes and improve our understanding of this important biomarker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Wei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Eliza K Hanson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Lisa Minkoff
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Rebecca J Whelan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang CW, Hanson EK, Minkoff L, Whelan RJ. Individual recombinant repeats of MUC16 display variable binding to CA125 antibodies. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.08.527749. [PMID: 36798296 PMCID: PMC9934600 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.08.527749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite its importance in the clinical management of ovarian cancer, the CA125 biomarker-located on the mucin protein MUC16-is still not completely understood. Questions remain about MUC16's function and structure, specifically the identity and location of the CA125 epitopes. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to characterize the interaction of individual recombinant repeats from the tandem repeat domain of MUC16 with antibodies used in the clinical CA125 II test. METHODS Using E. coli expression, we isolated nine repeats from the putative antigenic domain of CA125. Amino acid composition of recombinant repeats was confirmed by high-resolution mass spectrometry. We characterized the binding of four antibodies-OC125, M11, "OC125-like," and "M11-like"-to nine recombinant repeats using Western blotting, indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and localized surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy. RESULTS Each recombinant repeat was recognized by a different combination of CA125 antibodies. OC125 and "OC125-like" antibodies did not bind the same set of recombinant repeats, nor did M11 and "M11-like" antibodies. CONCLUSIONS Characterization of the interactions between MUC16 recombinant repeats and CA125 antibodies will contribute to ongoing efforts to identify the CA125 epitopes and improve our understanding of this important biomarker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Wei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States of America,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States of America
| | - Eliza K. Hanson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States of America,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States of America
| | - Lisa Minkoff
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States of America
| | - Rebecca J. Whelan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States of America,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States of America,Corresponding author: Rebecca J. Whelan, University of Kansas, Multidisciplinary Research Building 220E, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States of America. Tel.: + 1-785-864-4670;
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lai CW, Bagadia P, Barisas DAG, Jarjour NN, Wong R, Ohara T, Muegge BD, Lu Q, Xiong S, Edelson BT, Murphy KM, Stappenbeck TS. Mesothelium-Derived Factors Shape GATA6-Positive Large Cavity Macrophages. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 209:742-750. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The local microenvironment shapes macrophage differentiation in each tissue. We hypothesized that in the peritoneum, local factors in addition to retinoic acid can support GATA6-driven differentiation and function of peritoneal large cavity macrophages (LCMs). We found that soluble proteins produced by mesothelial cells lining the peritoneal cavity maintained GATA6 expression in cultured LCMs. Analysis of global gene expression of isolated mesothelial cells highlighted mesothelin (Msln) and its binding partner mucin 16 (Muc16) as candidate secreted ligands that potentially regulate GATA6 expression in peritoneal LCMs. Mice deficient for either of these molecules showed diminished GATA6 expression in peritoneal and pleural LCMs that was most prominent in aged mice. The more robust phenotype in older mice suggested that monocyte-derived macrophages were the target of Msln and Muc16. Cell transfer and bone marrow chimera experiments supported this hypothesis. We found that lethally irradiated Msln−/− and Muc16−/− mice reconstituted with wild-type bone marrow had lower levels of GATA6 expression in peritoneal and pleural LCMs. Similarly, during the resolution of zymosan-induced inflammation, repopulated peritoneal LCMs lacking expression of Msln or Muc16 expressed diminished GATA6. These data support a role for mesothelial cell–produced Msln and Muc16 in local macrophage differentiation within large cavity spaces such as the peritoneum. The effect appears to be most prominent on monocyte-derived macrophages that enter into this location as the host ages and also in response to infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Wen Lai
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO
| | - Prachi Bagadia
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO
| | - Derek A. G. Barisas
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO
| | - Nicholas N. Jarjour
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO
| | - Rachel Wong
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO
| | - Takahiro Ohara
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO
| | - Brian D. Muegge
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO
| | - Qiuhe Lu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO
| | - Shanshan Xiong
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO
| | - Brian T. Edelson
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO
| | - Kenneth M. Murphy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Circulating and non-circulating proteins and nucleic acids as biomarkers and therapeutic molecules in ovarian cancer. Genes Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
13
|
[MUC16: The Novel Target for Tumor Therapy]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2022; 25:452-459. [PMID: 35899441 PMCID: PMC9346149 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2022.101.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Mucin16 (MUC16), also known as carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), is a glycoprotein antigen that can be recognized by the monoclonal antibody OC125 detected from epithelial ovarian carcinoma antigen by Bast et al in 1981. CA125 is not present in normal ovarian tissue but is usually elevated in the serum of epithelial ovarian carcinoma patients. CA125 is the most commonly used serologic biomarker for the diagnosis and recurrence monitoring of epithelial ovarian carcinoma. MUC16 is highly expressed in varieties of tumors. MUC16 can interact with galectin-1/3, mesothelin, sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectins-9 (Siglec-9), and other ligands. MUC16 plays an important role in tumor genesis, proliferation, migration, invasion, and tumor immunity through various signaling pathways. Besides, therapies targeting MUC16 have some significant achievements. Related preclinical studies and clinical trials are in progress. MUC16 may be a potential novel target for tumor therapy. This article will review the mechanism of MUC16 in tumor genesis and progression, and focus on the research actuality of MUC16 in tumor therapy. This article also provides references for subsequent tumor therapy studies targeting MUC16.
.
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang Q, Ma X, Wu H, Zhao C, Chen J, Li R, Yan S, Li Y, Zhang Q, Song K, Yuan C, Kong B. Oncolytic adenovirus with MUC16-BiTE shows enhanced antitumor immune response by reversing the tumor microenvironment in PDX model of ovarian cancer. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2096362. [PMID: 35800156 PMCID: PMC9255048 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2096362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuman Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
- Gynecology Oncology Key Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
| | - Xinyue Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
- Gynecology Oncology Key Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
| | - Huan Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
- Gynecology Oncology Key Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
- Gynecology Oncology Key Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
| | - Jingying Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
- Gynecology Oncology Key Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
| | - Rongrong Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
- Gynecology Oncology Key Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
| | - Shi Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
- Gynecology Oncology Key Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
| | - Yingwei Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
- Gynecology Oncology Key Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
- Gynecology Oncology Key Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
| | - Kun Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
- Gynecology Oncology Key Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
| | - Cunzhong Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
- Gynecology Oncology Key Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
| | - Beihua Kong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
- Gynecology Oncology Key Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Fraser CC, Jia B, Hu G, Al Johani LI, Fritz-Klaus R, Ham JD, Fichorova RN, Elias KM, Cramer DW, Patankar MS, Chen J. Ovarian Cancer Ascites Inhibits Transcriptional Activation of NK Cells Partly through CA125. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:2227-2238. [PMID: 35396222 PMCID: PMC10852100 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Malignant ascites is a common clinical problem in ovarian cancer. NK cells are present in the ascites, but their antitumor activity is inhibited. The underlying mechanisms of the inhibition have yet to be fully elucidated. Using an Fcγ receptor-mediated NK cell activation assay, we show that ascites from ovarian cancer patients potently inhibits NK cell activation. Part of the inhibitory activity is mediated by CA125, a mucin 16 fragment shed from ovarian cancer tumors. Moreover, transcriptional analyses by RNA sequencing reveal upregulation of genes involved in multiple metabolic pathways but downregulation of genes involved in cytotoxicity and signaling pathways in NK cells purified from ovarian cancer patient ascites. Transcription of genes involved in cytotoxicity pathways are also downregulated in NK cells from healthy donors after in vitro treatment with ascites or with a CA125-enriched protein fraction. These results show that ascites and CA125 inhibit antitumor activity of NK cells at transcriptional levels by suppressing expression of genes involved in NK cell activation and cytotoxicity. Our findings shed light on the molecular mechanisms by which ascites inhibits the activity of NK cells and suggest possible approaches to reactivate NK cells for ovarian cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C Fraser
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Bin Jia
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Guangan Hu
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Roberta Fritz-Klaus
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - James Dongjoo Ham
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Raina N Fichorova
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Kevin M Elias
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel William Cramer
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Manish S Patankar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Jianzhu Chen
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts;
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
White B, Patterson M, Karnwal S, Brooks CL. Crystal structure of a human MUC16 SEA domain reveals insight into the nature of the CA125 tumor marker. Proteins 2022; 90:1210-1218. [PMID: 35037700 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
MUC16 is a membrane bound glycoprotein involved in the progression and metastasis of pancreatic and ovarian cancer. The protein is shed into the serum and the resulting cancer antigen 125 (CA125) can be detected by immunoassays. The CA125 epitope is used for monitoring ovarian cancer treatment progression, and has emerged as a potential target for antibody mediated immunotherapy. The extracellular tandem repeat domain of the protein is composed of repeating segments of heavily glycosylated sequence intermixed with homologous SEA (Sperm protein, Enterokinase and Agrin) domains. Here we report the purification and the first X-ray structure of a human MUC16 SEA domain. The structure was solved by molecular replacement using a Rosetta generated structure as a search model. The SEA domain reacted with three different MUC16 therapeutic antibodies, confirming that the CA125 epitope is localized to the SEA domain. The structure revealed a canonical ferredoxin-like fold, and contained a conserved disulfide bond. Analysis of the relative solvent accessibility of side chains within the SEA domain clarified the assignment of N-linked and O-linked glycosylation sites within the domain. A model of the glycosylated SEA domain revealed two major accessible faces, which likely represent the binding sites of CA125 specific antibodies. The results presented here will serve to accelerate future work to understand the functional role of MUC16 SEA domains and antibody recognition of the CA125 epitope.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brandy White
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Fresno, Fresno, California, USA
| | - Michelle Patterson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Fresno, Fresno, California, USA
| | - Saloni Karnwal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Fresno, Fresno, California, USA
| | - Cory L Brooks
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Fresno, Fresno, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Understanding the Correlation between Metabolic Regulator SIRT1 and Exosomes with CA-125 in Ovarian Cancer: A Clinicopathological Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:5346091. [PMID: 35496046 PMCID: PMC9053760 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5346091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer (OvCa), the deadliest gynaecological malignancy, is associated with poor prognosis and high mortality rate. Ovarian cancer has been related with CA-125 and metabolic reprogramming by SIRT1 leading to metastasis with the involvement of exosomes. Methods Clinicopathological data of OvCa patients were collected to perform the analysis. Patients' samples were collected during surgery for immunohistochemistry and flow cytometric analysis of SIRT1, HIF-1α, exosomal markers (CD81 and CD63), ki-67, and PAS staining for glycogen deposition. Adjacent normal and tumor tissues were collected as per the CA-125 levels. Results CA-125, a vital diagnostic marker, has shown significant correlation with body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.0153), tumor type (P = 0.0029), ascites level, ascites malignancy, degree of dissemination, tumor differentiation, FIGO stage, TNM stage, laterality, and tumor size at P < 0.0001. Since significant correlation was associated with BMI and degree of dissemination, as disclosed by IHC analysis, metabolic marker SIRT1 (P = 0.0003), HIF-1α (P < 0.0001), exosomal marker CD81 (P < 0.0001), ki-67 status (P = 0.0034), and glycogen deposition (P <0.0001) were expressed more in tumor tissues as compared to the normal ones. ROC analysis of CA-125 had shown 327.7 U/ml has the best cutoff point with 82.4% sensitivity and specificity of 52.3%. In addition, Kaplan-Meier plots of CA-125 (P < 0.0001), BMI (P = 0.001), degree of dissemination (P < 0.0001), and ascites level (P <0.0001) reflected significant correlation with overall survival (OS). Upon multivariate Cox-regression analysis for overall survival (OS), BMI (P = 0.008, HR 1.759, 95% CI 1.156-2.677), ascites malignancy (P = 0.032, HR 0.336, 95% CI 0.124-0.911), and degree of dissemination (P = 0.004, HR 1.994, 95% CI 1.251-3.178) were significant proving to be independent indicators of the disease. Conclusion Clinicopathological parameters like BMI, degree of dissemination, and ascites level along with CA-125 can be prognostic factors for the disease. Levels of CA-125 can depict the metabolic and metastatic factors. Thus, by targeting SIRT1 and assessing exosomal concentrations to overcome metastasis and glycogen deposition, individualized treatment strategy could be designed. In-depth studies are still required.
Collapse
|
18
|
Weaver SD, Schuster-Little N, Whelan RJ. Preparative capillary electrophoresis (CE) fractionation of protein digests improves protein and peptide identification in bottom-up proteomics. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:1103-1110. [PMID: 35175250 PMCID: PMC9210495 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay02145a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) is widely used to reduce sample complexity prior to mass spectrometry (MS) analysis in bottom-up proteomics. Improving peptide separation in complex samples enables lower-abundance proteins to be identified. Multidimensional separations that combine orthogonal separation modes improve protein and peptide identifications over RPLC alone. Here we report a preparative capillary electrophoresis (CE) fractionation method that combines CE and RPLC separations. Using this method, we demonstrate improved protein and peptide identification in a tryptic digest of E. coli cell lysate, with 132 ± 33% more protein identifications and 185 ± 65% more peptide identifications over non-fractionated samples. Fractionation enables detection of lower-abundance proteins in this complex sample. We demonstrate improved coverage of ovarian cancer biomarker MUC16 isolated from conditioned cell media, with 6.73% sequence coverage using CE fractionation compared to 2.74% coverage without preparative fractionation. This new method will allow researchers performing bottom-up proteomics to harness the advantages of CE separations while using widely available LC-MS/MS instrumentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon D Weaver
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.
| | - Naviya Schuster-Little
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.
| | - Rebecca J Whelan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Konstantinidi A, Nason R, Čaval T, Sun L, Sørensen DM, Furukawa S, Ye Z, Vincentelli R, Narimatsu Y, Vakhrushev SY, Clausen H. Exploring the glycosylation of mucins by use of O-glycodomain reporters recombinantly expressed in glycoengineered HEK293 cells. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101784. [PMID: 35247390 PMCID: PMC8980628 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucins and glycoproteins with mucin-like regions contain densely O-glycosylated domains often found in tandem repeat (TR) sequences. These O-glycodomains have traditionally been difficult to characterize because of their resistance to proteolytic digestion, and knowledge of the precise positions of O-glycans is particularly limited for these regions. Here, we took advantage of a recently developed glycoengineered cell-based platform for the display and production of mucin TR reporters with custom-designed O-glycosylation to characterize O-glycodomains derived from mucins and mucin-like glycoproteins. We combined intact mass and bottom–up site-specific analysis for mapping O-glycosites in the mucins, MUC2, MUC20, MUC21, protein P-selectin-glycoprotein ligand 1, and proteoglycan syndecan-3. We found that all the potential Ser/Thr positions in these O-glycodomains were O-glycosylated when expressed in human embryonic kidney 293 SimpleCells (Tn-glycoform). Interestingly, we found that all potential Ser/Thr O-glycosites in TRs derived from secreted mucins and most glycosites from transmembrane mucins were almost fully occupied, whereas TRs from a subset of transmembrane mucins were less efficiently processed. We further used the mucin TR reporters to characterize cleavage sites of glycoproteases StcE (secreted protease of C1 esterase inhibitor from EHEC) and BT4244, revealing more restricted substrate specificities than previously reported. Finally, we conducted a bottom–up analysis of isolated ovine submaxillary mucin, which supported our findings that mucin TRs in general are efficiently O-glycosylated at all potential glycosites. This study provides insight into O-glycosylation of mucins and mucin-like domains, and the strategies developed open the field for wider analysis of native mucins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andriana Konstantinidi
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rebecca Nason
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tomislav Čaval
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lingbo Sun
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel M Sørensen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sanae Furukawa
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zilu Ye
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Renaud Vincentelli
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Yoshiki Narimatsu
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; GlycoDisplay ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sergey Y Vakhrushev
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Stergiou N, Urschbach M, Gabba A, Schmitt E, Kunz H, Besenius P. The Development of Vaccines from Synthetic Tumor-Associated Mucin Glycopeptides and their Glycosylation-Dependent Immune Response. CHEM REC 2021; 21:3313-3331. [PMID: 34812564 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens are overexpressed as altered-self in most common epithelial cancers. Their glycosylation patterns differ from those of healthy cells, functioning as an ID for cancer cells. Scientists have been developing anti-cancer vaccines based on mucin glycopeptides, yet the interplay of delivery system, adjuvant and tumor associated MUC epitopes in the induced immune response is not well understood. The current state of the art suggests that the identity, abundancy and location of the glycans on the MUC backbone are all key parameters in the cellular and humoral response. This review shares lessons learned by us in over two decades of research in glycopeptide vaccines. By bridging synthetic chemistry and immunology, we discuss efforts in designing synthetic MUC1/4/16 vaccines and focus on the role of glycosylation patterns. We provide a brief introduction into the mechanisms of the immune system and aim to promote the development of cancer subunit vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Stergiou
- Radionuclide Center, Radiology and Nuclear medicine Amsterdam UMC, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085c, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Moritz Urschbach
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Adele Gabba
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Edgar Schmitt
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Horst Kunz
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Pol Besenius
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hegde P, B R S, Ballal S, Swamy BM, Inamdar SR. Rhizoctonia bataticola lectin induces apoptosis and inhibits metastasis in ovarian cancer cells by interacting with CA 125 antigen differentially expressed on ovarian cells. Glycoconj J 2021; 38:669-688. [PMID: 34748163 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-021-10027-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A N-glycan specific lectin from Rhizoctonia bataticola [RBL] was shown to induce growth inhibitory and apoptotic effect in human ovarian, colon and leukemic cells but mitogenic effect on normal PBMCs as reported earlier, revealing its clinical potential. RBL has unique specificity for high mannose tri and tetra antennary N-glycans, expressed in ovarian cancer and also recognizes glycans which are part of CA 125 antigen, a well known ovarian cancer marker. Hence, in the present study diagnostic and therapeutic potential of RBL was investigated using human ovarian epithelial cancer SKOV3 and OVCAR3 cells known for differentially expressing CA 125. RBL binds differentially to human ovarian normal, cyst and cancer tissues. Flow cytometry, western blot analysis of membrane proteins showed the competitive binding of RBL and CA 125 antibody for the same binding sites on SKOV3 and OVCAR3 cells. RBL has strong binding to both SKOV3 and OVCAR3 cells with MFI of 173 and 155 respectively. RBL shows dose and time dependent growth inhibitory effect with IC50 of 2.5 and 8 μg/mL respectively for SKOV3 and OVCAR3 cells. RBL induces reproductive cell death, morphological changes, nuclear degradation and increased release of ROS in SKOV3 and OVCAR3 cells leading to cell death. This is also supported by increase in hypodiploid population, altered MMP leading to apoptosis possibly involving intrinsic pathway. Adhesion, wound healing, invasion and migration assays demonstrated anti-metastasis effect of RBL apart from its growth inhibitory effect. These results show the promising potential of RBL both as a diagnostic and therapeutic agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prajna Hegde
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad-580003, Karnatak, India
| | - Sindhura B R
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad-580003, Karnatak, India
| | - Suhas Ballal
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad-580003, Karnatak, India
| | - Bale M Swamy
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad-580003, Karnatak, India
| | - Shashikala R Inamdar
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad-580003, Karnatak, India.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
An open-label phase I dose-escalation study of the safety and pharmacokinetics of DMUC4064A in patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2021; 163:473-480. [PMID: 34627611 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2021.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES MUC16 is overexpressed in the majority of human epithelial ovarian cancers (OC). DMUC4064A is a humanized anti-MUC16 monoclonal antibody conjugated to the microtubule-disrupting agent monomethyl auristatin E. This trial assessed the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary activity of DMUC4064A in patients with platinum-resistant OC. METHODS DMUC4064A was administered once every 3 weeks to patients in 1.0-5.6 mg/kg dose escalation cohorts, followed by cohort expansion at the recommended Phase II dose (RP2D). RESULTS Sixty-five patients were enrolled and received a median of 5 cycles (range 1-20) of DMUC4064A. The maximum tolerated dose was not reached; 5.2 mg/kg was the RP2D based on the overall tolerability profile. The most common adverse events were fatigue, nausea, abdominal pain, constipation, blurred vision, diarrhea, and anemia. Sixteen patients (25%) experienced related grade ≥ 3 toxicities. Twenty-six patients (40%) experienced ocular toxicities. The exposure of acMMAE was dose proportional, with a half-life of ~6 days. Sixteen patients (25%) experienced confirmed objective partial response (PR or CR) starting at ≥3.2 mg/kg dose levels, while 23 (35%) patients had best responses of PR or CR. Overall, the clinical benefit rate was 42% (27 patients with a best response [confirmed and unconfirmed] of CR, or PR or SD lasting ≥6 months). Among the 54 patients with high MUC16 immunohistochemistry scores, the clinical benefit rate was 46% (25 patients). Median progression-free survival was 3.9 months overall. CONCLUSIONS In this Phase I study, DMUC4064A demonstrated a tolerable safety profile along with encouraging efficacy in the indication of platinum-resistant OC.
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhang B, Li Y, Yang L, Chen Y. A Four-Gene-Based Risk Score With High Prognostic Value in Gastric Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:584213. [PMID: 34540650 PMCID: PMC8443773 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.584213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric adenocarcinoma is an important contributor to cancer mortality and morbidity. This study aimed to explore the prognostic value of mutation patterns in gastric adenocarcinoma. Materials and Methods We extracted somatic mutation data for 437 gastric adenocarcinoma samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Stomach Adenocarcinoma (STAD) cohort. Kaplan-Meier survival in the R package maftools was used to analyze associations between mutations and survival. Multivariate Cox proportional model was used to establish risk formula. A four-gene-based risk score was developed to predict the overall survival of patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. We used the Tianjin cohort dataset with survival information to further evaluate the clinical value of this mutation signature. Results Forty-five survival-related mutated genes were identified and verified, most of which were co-occurring in their mutation pattern and co-occurring with MLH3 and polymerase ϵ (POLE) mutations. Gastric adenocarcinoma samples with the 45 mutated genes had a significantly higher mutation count. Four-gene [UTRN, MUC16, coiled-coil domain-containing protein 178 (CCDC178), and HYDIN] mutation status was used to build a prognostic risk score that could be translated into the clinical setting. The association between the four-gene-based signature and overall survival remained statistically significant after controlling for age, sex, TNM stage, and POLE mutation status in the multivariate model [hazard ratio (HR), 1.88; 95% CI, 1.33-2.7; p < 0.001]. The prognostic significance of the four-gene-based risk score identified in TCGA cohort was validated in the Tianjin cohort. Conclusion A four-mutated gene risk formula was developed that correlated with the overall survival of patients with gastric adenocarcinoma using a multivariable Cox regression model. In two independent genomic datasets from TCGA and Tianjin cohorts, low risk scores were associated with higher tumor mutation loads and improved outcome in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. This finding may have implications for prognostic prediction and therapeutic guidance for gastric adenocarcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingdong Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery & Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuerui Li
- Geriatric Cardiology Department of The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese People's Liberation Army of China General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongbing Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery & Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mashayekhi V, Mocellin O, Fens MH, Krijger GC, Brosens LA, Oliveira S. Targeting of promising transmembrane proteins for diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Theranostics 2021; 11:9022-9037. [PMID: 34522225 PMCID: PMC8419040 DOI: 10.7150/thno.60350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most fatal types of cancer due to the relatively late diagnosis and the limited therapeutic options. Current treatment regimens mainly comprise the cytotoxic agents gemcitabine and FOLFIRINOX. These compounds have shown limited efficacy and severe side effects, highlighting the necessity for earlier detection and the development of more effective, and better-tolerated treatments. Although targeted therapies are promising for the treatment of several types of cancer, identification of suitable targets for early diagnosis and targeted therapy of PDAC is challenging. Interestingly, several transmembrane proteins are overexpressed in PDAC cells that show low expression in healthy pancreas and may therefore serve as potential targets for treatment and/or diagnostic purposes. In this review we describe the 11 most promising transmembrane proteins, carefully selected after a thorough literature search. Favorable features and potential applications of each target, as well as the results of the preclinical and clinical studies conducted in the past ten years, are discussed in detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vida Mashayekhi
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Orsola Mocellin
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel H.A.M. Fens
- Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard C. Krijger
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Faculty of Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lodewijk A.A. Brosens
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Faculty of Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sabrina Oliveira
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zam W, Assaad A. Chimeric antigen receptor T-cells (CARs) in cancer treatment. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 15:532-546. [PMID: 34382510 DOI: 10.2174/1874467214666210811150255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and stem cell transplantation were the main cancer treatment approaches for several years but due to their limited effectiveness, there was a constant search for new therapeutic approaches. Cancer immunotherapy that utilizes and enhances the normal capacity of the patient's immune system was used to fight against cancer. Genetically engineered T-cells that express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) showed remarkable anti-tumor activity against hematologic malignancies and is now being investigated in a variety of solid tumors. The use of this therapy in the last few years has been successful, achieving a great success in improving the quality of life and prolonging the survival time of patients with a reduction in remission rates. However, many challenges still need to be resolved in order for this technology to gain widespread adoption. <P> Objective: This review summarizes various experimental approaches towards the use of CAR T-cells in hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. <P> Conclusion: Finally, we address the challenges posed by CAR T-cells and discuss strategies for improving the performance of these T cells in fighting cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wissam Zam
- Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Wadi International University, Homs. Syrian Arab Republic
| | - Amany Assaad
- 2. Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy,Tartous University, Tartous. Syrian Arab Republic
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hunt AL, Bateman NW, Barakat W, Makohon-Moore S, Hood BL, Conrads KA, Zhou M, Calvert V, Pierobon M, Loffredo J, Litzi TJ, Oliver J, Mitchell D, Gist G, Rojas C, Blanton B, Robinson EL, Odunsi K, Sood AK, Casablanca Y, Darcy KM, Shriver CD, Petricoin EF, Rao UN, Maxwell GL, Conrads TP. Extensive three-dimensional intratumor proteomic heterogeneity revealed by multiregion sampling in high-grade serous ovarian tumor specimens. iScience 2021; 24:102757. [PMID: 34278265 PMCID: PMC8264160 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Enriched tumor epithelium, tumor-associated stroma, and whole tissue were collected by laser microdissection from thin sections across spatially separated levels of ten high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas (HGSOCs) and analyzed by mass spectrometry, reverse phase protein arrays, and RNA sequencing. Unsupervised analyses of protein abundance data revealed independent clustering of an enriched stroma and enriched tumor epithelium, with whole tumor tissue clustering driven by overall tumor "purity." Comparing these data to previously defined prognostic HGSOC molecular subtypes revealed protein and transcript expression from tumor epithelium correlated with the differentiated subtype, whereas stromal proteins (and transcripts) correlated with the mesenchymal subtype. Protein and transcript abundance in the tumor epithelium and stroma exhibited decreased correlation in samples collected just hundreds of microns apart. These data reveal substantial tumor microenvironment protein heterogeneity that directly bears on prognostic signatures, biomarker discovery, and cancer pathophysiology and underscore the need to enrich cellular subpopulations for expression profiling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allison L. Hunt
- Women's Health Integrated Research Center, Inova Women's Service Line, Inova Health System, 3289 Woodburn Road, Annandale, VA 22042, USA
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
| | - Nicholas W. Bateman
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., 6720A Rockledge Drive, Suite 100, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
- The John P. Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
| | - Waleed Barakat
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., 6720A Rockledge Drive, Suite 100, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Sasha Makohon-Moore
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., 6720A Rockledge Drive, Suite 100, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Brian L. Hood
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., 6720A Rockledge Drive, Suite 100, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Kelly A. Conrads
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., 6720A Rockledge Drive, Suite 100, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Ming Zhou
- Women's Health Integrated Research Center, Inova Women's Service Line, Inova Health System, 3289 Woodburn Road, Annandale, VA 22042, USA
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
| | - Valerie Calvert
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - Mariaelena Pierobon
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - Jeremy Loffredo
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., 6720A Rockledge Drive, Suite 100, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Tracy J. Litzi
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., 6720A Rockledge Drive, Suite 100, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Julie Oliver
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., 6720A Rockledge Drive, Suite 100, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Dave Mitchell
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., 6720A Rockledge Drive, Suite 100, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Glenn Gist
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., 6720A Rockledge Drive, Suite 100, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Christine Rojas
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
| | - Brian Blanton
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
- The John P. Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
| | - Emma L. Robinson
- Women's Health Integrated Research Center, Inova Women's Service Line, Inova Health System, 3289 Woodburn Road, Annandale, VA 22042, USA
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
| | - Kunle Odunsi
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Anil K. Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77230, USA
| | - Yovanni Casablanca
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., 6720A Rockledge Drive, Suite 100, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
- The John P. Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
| | - Kathleen M. Darcy
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., 6720A Rockledge Drive, Suite 100, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
- The John P. Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
| | - Craig D. Shriver
- The John P. Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
| | - Emanuel F. Petricoin
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - Uma N.M. Rao
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., 6720A Rockledge Drive, Suite 100, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - G. Larry Maxwell
- Women's Health Integrated Research Center, Inova Women's Service Line, Inova Health System, 3289 Woodburn Road, Annandale, VA 22042, USA
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
- The John P. Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
| | - Thomas P. Conrads
- Women's Health Integrated Research Center, Inova Women's Service Line, Inova Health System, 3289 Woodburn Road, Annandale, VA 22042, USA
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
- The John P. Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Giamougiannis P, Martin-Hirsch PL, Martin FL. The evolving role of MUC16 (CA125) in the transformation of ovarian cells and the progression of neoplasia. Carcinogenesis 2021; 42:327-343. [PMID: 33608706 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgab010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
MUC16 (the cancer antigen CA125) is the most commonly used serum biomarker in epithelial ovarian cancer, with increasing levels reflecting disease progression. It is a transmembrane glycoprotein with multiple isoforms, undergoing significant changes through the metastatic process. Aberrant glycosylation and cleavage with overexpression of a small membrane-bound fragment consist MUC16-related mechanisms that enhance malignant potential. Even MUC16 knockdown can induce an aggressive phenotype but can also increase susceptibility to chemotherapy. Variable MUC16 functions help ovarian cancer cells avoid immune cytotoxicity, survive inside ascites and form metastases. This review provides a comprehensive insight into MUC16 transformations and interactions, with description of activated oncogenic signalling pathways, and adds new elements on the role of its differential glycosylation. By following the journey of the molecule from pre-malignant states to advanced stages of disease it demonstrates its behaviour, in relation to the phenotypic shifts and progression of ovarian cancer. Additionally, it presents proposed differences of MUC16 structure in normal/benign conditions and epithelial ovarian malignancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Giamougiannis
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, UK.,School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Pierre L Martin-Hirsch
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, UK.,Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ballester B, Milara J, Montero P, Cortijo J. MUC16 Is Overexpressed in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Induces Fibrotic Responses Mediated by Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Canonical Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126502. [PMID: 34204432 PMCID: PMC8235375 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several transmembrane mucins have demonstrated that they contribute intracellularly to induce fibrotic processes. The extracellular domain of MUC16 is considered as a biomarker for disease progression and death in IPF patients. However, there is no evidence regarding the signalling capabilities of MUC16 that contribute to IPF development. Here, we demonstrate that MUC16 was overexpressed in the lung tissue of IPF patients (n = 20) compared with healthy subjects (n = 17) and localised in fibroblasts and hyperplastic alveolar type II cells. Repression of MUC16 expression by siRNA-MUC16 transfection inhibited the TGF-β1-induced fibrotic processes such as mesenchymal/ myofibroblast transformations of alveolar type II A549 cells and lung fibroblasts, as well as fibroblast proliferation. SiRNA-MUC16 transfection also decreased the TGF-β1-induced SMAD3 phosphorylation, thus inhibiting the Smad Binding Element activation. Immunoprecipitation assays and confocal immunofluorescence showed the formation of a protein complex between MUC16/p-SMAD3 in the cell membrane after TGF-β1 stimulation. This study shows that MUC16 is overexpressed in IPF and collaborates with the TGF-β1 canonical pathway to induce fibrotic processes. Therefore, direct or indirect targeting of MUC16 could be a potential drug target for human IPF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Ballester
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Munich, Germany
- CIBERES, Health Institute Carlos III, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
- Correspondence: (B.B.); (J.M.); Tel.: +34-605148470 (B.B.); +34-963864631 (J.M.)
| | - Javier Milara
- CIBERES, Health Institute Carlos III, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
- Pharmacy Unit, General University Hospital, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
- Correspondence: (B.B.); (J.M.); Tel.: +34-605148470 (B.B.); +34-963864631 (J.M.)
| | - Paula Montero
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Julio Cortijo
- CIBERES, Health Institute Carlos III, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
- Research and Teaching Unit, University General Hospital Consortium, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Schuster-Little N, Fritz-Klaus R, Etzel M, Patankar N, Javeri S, Patankar MS, Whelan RJ. Affinity-free enrichment and mass spectrometry analysis of the ovarian cancer biomarker CA125 (MUC16) from patient-derived ascites. Analyst 2021; 146:85-94. [PMID: 33141132 DOI: 10.1039/d0an01701a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Developing a mass spectrometry-based assay for the ovarian cancer biomarker CA125 (MUC16) is a desirable goal, because it may enable detection of molecular regions that are not recognized by antibodies and are therefore analytically silent in the current immunoassay. Additionally, the ability to characterize the CA125 proteoforms expressed by individuals may offer clinical insight. Enrichment of CA125 from malignant ascites may provide a high-quality source of this important ovarian cancer biomarker, but a reliable strategy for such enrichment is currently lacking. Beginning with crude ascites isolated from three individual patients with high grade serous ovarian cancer, we enriched for MUC16 using filtration, ion exchange, and size exclusion chromatography and then performed bottom-up proteomics on the isolated proteins. This approach of enrichment and analysis reveals that the peptides detected via mass spectrometry map to the SEA domain and C-loop regions within the tandem repeat domains of CA125 and that peptide abundance correlates with clinical CA125 counts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naviya Schuster-Little
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
González G, Lakatos K, Hoballah J, Fritz-Klaus R, Al-Johani L, Brooker J, Jeong S, Evans CL, Krauledat P, Cramer DW, Hoffman RA, Hansen WP, Patankar MS. Characterization of Cell-Bound CA125 on Immune Cell Subtypes of Ovarian Cancer Patients Using a Novel Imaging Platform. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2072. [PMID: 33922973 PMCID: PMC8123299 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MUC16, a sialomucin that contains the ovarian cancer biomarker CA125, binds at low abundance to leucocytes via the immune receptor, Siglec-9. Conventional fluorescence-based imaging techniques lack the sensitivity to assess this low-abundance event, prompting us to develop a novel "digital" optical cytometry technique for qualitative and quantitative assessment of CA125 binding to peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Plasmonic nanoparticle labeled detection antibody allows assessment of CA125 at the near-single molecule level when bound to specific immune cell lineages that are simultaneously identified using multiparameter fluorescence imaging. Image analysis and deep learning were used to quantify CA125 per each cell lineage. PBMC from treatment naïve ovarian cancer patients (N = 14) showed higher cell surface abundance of CA125 on the aggregate PBMC population as well as on NK (p = 0.013), T (p < 0.001) and B cells (p = 0.024) compared to circulating lymphocytes of healthy donors (N = 7). Differences in CA125 binding to monocytes or NK-T cells between the two cohorts were not significant. There was no correlation between the PBMC-bound and serum levels of CA125, suggesting that these two compartments are not in stoichiometric equilibrium. Understanding where and how subset-specific cell-bound surface CA125 takes place may provide guidance towards a new diagnostic biomarker in ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Germán González
- PNP Research Corporation, Drury, MA 01343, USA; (P.K.); (W.P.H.)
| | - Kornél Lakatos
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (K.L.); (D.W.C.)
| | - Jawad Hoballah
- Thorlabs Imaging Systems, Sterling, VA 20166, USA; (J.H.); (J.B.)
| | - Roberta Fritz-Klaus
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (R.F.-K.); (L.A.-J.)
| | - Lojain Al-Johani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (R.F.-K.); (L.A.-J.)
| | - Jeff Brooker
- Thorlabs Imaging Systems, Sterling, VA 20166, USA; (J.H.); (J.B.)
| | - Sinyoung Jeong
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (S.J.); (C.L.E.)
| | - Conor L. Evans
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (S.J.); (C.L.E.)
| | - Petra Krauledat
- PNP Research Corporation, Drury, MA 01343, USA; (P.K.); (W.P.H.)
| | - Daniel W. Cramer
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (K.L.); (D.W.C.)
| | | | - W. Peter Hansen
- PNP Research Corporation, Drury, MA 01343, USA; (P.K.); (W.P.H.)
| | - Manish S. Patankar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (R.F.-K.); (L.A.-J.)
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Yeku OO, Rao TD, Laster I, Kononenko A, Purdon TJ, Wang P, Cui Z, Liu H, Brentjens RJ, Spriggs D. Bispecific T-Cell Engaging Antibodies Against MUC16 Demonstrate Efficacy Against Ovarian Cancer in Monotherapy and in Combination With PD-1 and VEGF Inhibition. Front Immunol 2021; 12:663379. [PMID: 33936101 PMCID: PMC8079980 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.663379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy for ovarian cancer is an area of intense investigation since the majority of women with relapsed disease develop resistance to conventional cytotoxic therapy. The paucity of safe and validated target antigens has limited the development of clinically relevant antibody-based immunotherapeutics for this disease. Although MUC16 expression is almost universal in High Grade Serous Ovarian Cancers, engagement of the shed circulating MUC16 antigen (CA-125) presents a theoretical risk of systemic activation and toxicity. We designed and evaluated a series of bispecific tandem single-chain variable fragments specific to the retained portion of human MUC16 ectodomain (MUC16ecto) and human CD3. These MUC16ecto- BiTEDs retain binding in the presence of soluble MUC16 (CA-125) and show cytotoxicity against a panel of ovarian cancer cells in vitro. MUC16ecto- BiTEDs delay tumor progression in vivo and significantly prolong survival in a xenograft model of ovarian peritoneal carcinomatosis. This effect was significantly enhanced by antiangiogenic (anti-VEGF) therapy and immune checkpoint inhibition (anti-PD1). However, the combination of BiTEDs with anti-VEGF was superior to combination with anti-PD1, based on findings of decreased peritoneal tumor burden and ascites with the former. This study shows the feasibility and efficacy of MUC16ecto- specific BiTEDs and provides a basis for the combination with anti-VEGF therapy for ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oladapo O Yeku
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Thapi Dharma Rao
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ian Laster
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Artem Kononenko
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Terence J Purdon
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Pei Wang
- Eureka Therapeutics Inc., Emeryville, California, United States
| | - Ziyou Cui
- Eureka Therapeutics Inc., Emeryville, California, United States
| | - Hong Liu
- Eureka Therapeutics Inc., Emeryville, California, United States
| | - Renier J Brentjens
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - David Spriggs
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Stasenko M, Smith E, Yeku O, Park KJ, Laster I, Lee K, Walderich S, Spriggs E, Rueda B, Weigelt B, Zamarin D, Rao TD, Spriggs DR. Targeting galectin-3 with a high-affinity antibody for inhibition of high-grade serous ovarian cancer and other MUC16/CA-125-expressing malignancies. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3718. [PMID: 33580170 PMCID: PMC7881041 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82686-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The lectin, galectin-3 (Gal3), has been implicated in a variety of inflammatory and oncogenic processes, including tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. The interactions of Gal3 and MUC16 represent a potential targetable pathway for the treatment of MUC16-expressing malignancies. We found that the silencing of Gal3 in MUC16-expressing breast and ovarian cancer cells in vitro inhibited tumor cell invasion and led to attenuated tumor growth in murine models. We therefore developed an inhibitory murine monoclonal anti-Gal3 carbohydrate-binding domain antibody, 14D11, which bound human and mouse Gal3 but did not bind human Galectins-1, -7, -8 or -9. Competition studies and a docking model suggest that the 14D11 antibody competes with lactose for the carbohydrate binding pocket of Gal3. In MUC16-expressing cancer cells, 14D11 treatment blocked AKT and ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and led to inhibition of cancer cell Matrigel invasion. Finally, in experimental animal tumor models, 14D11 treatment led to prolongation of overall survival in animals bearing flank tumors, and retarded lung specific metastatic growth by MUC16 expressing breast cancer cells. Our results provide evidence that antibody based Gal3 blockade may be a viable therapeutic strategy in patients with MUC16-expressing tumors, supporting further development of human blocking antibodies against Gal3 as potential cancer therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Stasenko
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Evan Smith
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Oladapo Yeku
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Kay J Park
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Ian Laster
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Kwangkook Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Sven Walderich
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | | | - Bo Rueda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Britta Weigelt
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Dmitriy Zamarin
- Gynecologic Medical Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Thapi Dharma Rao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Monoclonal Antibody Core, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - David R Spriggs
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zhang M, Cheng S, Jin Y, Zhao Y, Wang Y. Roles of CA125 in diagnosis, prediction, and oncogenesis of ovarian cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1875:188503. [PMID: 33421585 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
After it was discovered approximately 40 years ago, carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) became the most widely used and concerning biomarker in ovarian cancer screening. However, there is still controversy about its role in clinical practice. CA125 is not sufficiently reliable in diagnosis to screen for early-stage ovarian cancer. On the other hand, CA125 has been a valuable indicator for evaluating chemotherapeutic efficacy and prognosis. We still do not know much about its biological role, and several studies have indicated that this marker participates in the occurrence and development of ovarian cancer. Currently, an increasing number of scholars have begun to pay attention to CA125-targeted treatment strategies. In the interest of better design and development of anticancer therapies, a renewed and systematic understanding of the roles of CA125 in diagnosis, prediction, and tumorigenesis is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minghai Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Shanshan Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yue Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yaqian Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai 200127, China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Thomas D, Sagar S, Liu X, Lee HR, Grunkemeyer JA, Grandgenett PM, Caffrey T, O'Connell KA, Swanson B, Marcos-Silva L, Steentoft C, Wandall HH, Maurer HC, Peng XL, Yeh JJ, Qiu F, Yu F, Madiyalakan R, Olive KP, Mandel U, Clausen H, Hollingsworth MA, Radhakrishnan P. Isoforms of MUC16 activate oncogenic signaling through EGF receptors to enhance the progression of pancreatic cancer. Mol Ther 2020; 29:1557-1571. [PMID: 33359791 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant expression of CA125/MUC16 is associated with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) progression and metastasis. However, knowledge of the contribution of MUC16 to pancreatic tumorigenesis is limited. Here, we show that MUC16 expression is associated with disease progression, basal-like and squamous tumor subtypes, increased tumor metastasis, and short-term survival of PDAC patients. MUC16 enhanced tumor malignancy through the activation of AKT and GSK3β oncogenic signaling pathways. Activation of these oncogenic signaling pathways resulted in part from increased interactions between MUC16 and epidermal growth factor (EGF)-type receptors, which were enhanced for aberrant glycoforms of MUC16. Treatment of PDAC cells with monoclonal antibody (mAb) AR9.6 significantly reduced MUC16-induced oncogenic signaling. mAb AR9.6 binds to a unique conformational epitope on MUC16, which is influenced by O-glycosylation. Additionally, treatment of PDAC tumor-bearing mice with either mAb AR9.6 alone or in combination with gemcitabine significantly reduced tumor growth and metastasis. We conclude that the aberrant expression of MUC16 enhances PDAC progression to an aggressive phenotype by modulating oncogenic signaling through ErbB receptors. Anti-MUC16 mAb AR9.6 blocks oncogenic activities and tumor growth and could be a novel immunotherapeutic agent against MUC16-mediated PDAC tumor malignancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Divya Thomas
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6805, USA
| | - Satish Sagar
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6805, USA
| | - Xiang Liu
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6805, USA
| | - Hye-Rim Lee
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6805, USA
| | - James A Grunkemeyer
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6805, USA
| | - Paul M Grandgenett
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6805, USA
| | - Thomas Caffrey
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6805, USA
| | - Kelly A O'Connell
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6805, USA
| | - Benjamin Swanson
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Lara Marcos-Silva
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Catharina Steentoft
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Hans H Wandall
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Hans Carlo Maurer
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology & Cell Biology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032
| | - Xianlu Laura Peng
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jen Jen Yeh
- Departments of Surgery and Pharmacology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Fang Qiu
- College of Public Health, Biostatistics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Fang Yu
- College of Public Health, Biostatistics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | - Kenneth P Olive
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology & Cell Biology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032
| | - Ulla Mandel
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Michael A Hollingsworth
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6805, USA
| | - Prakash Radhakrishnan
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6805, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Hartnett EG, Knight J, Radolec M, Buckanovich RJ, Edwards RP, Vlad AM. Immunotherapy Advances for Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123733. [PMID: 33322601 PMCID: PMC7764119 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The overall five-year survival rate in epithelial ovarian cancer is 44% and has only marginally improved in the past two decades. Despite an initial response to standard treatment consisting of chemotherapy and surgical removal of tumor, the lesions invariably recur, and patients ultimately die of chemotherapy resistant disease. New treatment modalities are needed in order to improve the prognosis of women diagnosed with ovarian cancer. One such modality is immunotherapy, which aims to boost the capacity of the patient’s immune system to recognize and attack the tumor cells. We performed a retrospective study to identify some of the most promising immune therapies for epithelial ovarian cancer. Special emphasis was given to immuno-oncology clinical trials. Abstract New treatment modalities are needed in order to improve the prognosis of women diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), the most aggressive gynecologic cancer type. Most ovarian tumors are infiltrated by immune effector cells, providing the rationale for targeted approaches that boost the existing or trigger new anti-tumor immune mechanisms. The field of immuno-oncology has experienced remarkable progress in recent years, although the results seen with single agent immunotherapies in several categories of solid tumors have yet to extend to ovarian cancer. The challenge remains to determine what treatment combinations are most suitable for this disease and which patients are likely to benefit and to identify how immunotherapy should be incorporated into EOC standard of care. We review here some of the most promising immune therapies for EOC and focus on those currently tested in clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin G. Hartnett
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute and Foundation and Magee-Womens Hospital of UPMC, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (E.G.H.); (M.R.); (R.J.B.); (R.P.E.)
| | - Julia Knight
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
| | - Mackenzy Radolec
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute and Foundation and Magee-Womens Hospital of UPMC, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (E.G.H.); (M.R.); (R.J.B.); (R.P.E.)
| | - Ronald J. Buckanovich
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute and Foundation and Magee-Womens Hospital of UPMC, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (E.G.H.); (M.R.); (R.J.B.); (R.P.E.)
| | - Robert P. Edwards
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute and Foundation and Magee-Womens Hospital of UPMC, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (E.G.H.); (M.R.); (R.J.B.); (R.P.E.)
| | - Anda M. Vlad
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute and Foundation and Magee-Womens Hospital of UPMC, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (E.G.H.); (M.R.); (R.J.B.); (R.P.E.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Insights into Bioinformatic Applications for Glycosylation: Instigating an Awakening towards Applying Glycoinformatic Resources for Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249336. [PMID: 33302373 PMCID: PMC7762546 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation plays a crucial role in various diseases and their etiology. This has led to a clear understanding on the functions of carbohydrates in cell communication, which eventually will result in novel therapeutic approaches for treatment of various disease. Glycomics has now become one among the top ten technologies that will change the future. The direct implication of glycosylation as a hallmark of cancer and for cancer therapy is well established. As in proteomics, where bioinformatics tools have led to revolutionary achievements, bioinformatics resources for glycosylation have improved its practical implication. Bioinformatics tools, algorithms and databases are a mandatory requirement to manage and successfully analyze large amount of glycobiological data generated from glycosylation studies. This review consolidates all the available tools and their applications in glycosylation research. The achievements made through the use of bioinformatics into glycosylation studies are also presented. The importance of glycosylation in cancer diagnosis and therapy is discussed and the gap in the application of widely available glyco-informatic tools for cancer research is highlighted. This review is expected to bring an awakening amongst glyco-informaticians as well as cancer biologists to bridge this gap, to exploit the available glyco-informatic tools for cancer.
Collapse
|
37
|
Stewart JH, Blazer DG, Calderon MJG, Carter TM, Eckhoff A, Al Efishat MA, Fernando DG, Foster JM, Hayes-Jordan A, Johnston FM, Lautz TB, Levine EA, Maduekwe UN, Mangieri CW, Moaven O, Mogal H, Shen P, Votanopoulos KI. The Evolving Management of Peritoneal Surface Malignancies. Curr Probl Surg 2020; 58:100860. [PMID: 33832580 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpsurg.2020.100860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dan G Blazer
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jason M Foster
- Fred and Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska, Omaha, NE
| | | | - Fabian M Johnston
- Complex General Surgical Oncology Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Timothy B Lautz
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Ugwuji N Maduekwe
- Division of Surgical Oncology and Endocrine Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | | | | | - Perry Shen
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zhu Y, Zhang G, Li M, Ma L, Huang J, Qiu L. Ultrasound-Augmented Phase Transition Nanobubbles for Targeted Treatment of Paclitaxel-Resistant Cancer. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:2008-2020. [PMID: 32628454 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhu
- Department of Ultrasound, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Ultrasound, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guonan Zhang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Meiying Li
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lang Ma
- Department of Ultrasound, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jianming Huang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Li Qiu
- Department of Ultrasound, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Vazquez J, Chavarria M, Lopez GE, Felder MA, Kapur A, Romo Chavez A, Karst N, Barroilhet L, Patankar MS, Stanic AK. Identification of unique clusters of T, dendritic, and innate lymphoid cells in the peritoneal fluid of ovarian cancer patients. Am J Reprod Immunol 2020; 84:e13284. [PMID: 32524661 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM We hypothesize that activated peritoneal immune cells can be redirected to target ovarian tumors. Here, we obtain fundamental knowledge of the peritoneal immune environment through deep immunophenotyping of T cells, dendritic cells (DC), and innate lymphoid cells (ILC) of ovarian cancer patients. METHOD OF STUDY T cells, DC, and ILC from ascites of ovarian cancer patients (n = 15) and peripheral blood of post-menopausal healthy donors (n = 6) were immunophenotyped on a BD Fortessa cytometer using three panels-each composed of 16 antibodies. The data were analyzed manually and by t-SNE/DensVM. CA125 levels were obtained from patient charts. RESULTS We observed decreased CD3+ T cells and a higher proportion of activated CD4+ and effector memory CD4+ /CD8+ T cells, plasmacytoid DC, CD1c+ and CD141+ myeloid DC and CD56Hi NK cells in ascites. t-SNE/DensVM identified eight T cell, 17 DC, and 17 ILC clusters that were unique in the ascites compared to controls. Hierarchical clustering of cell frequency distinctly segregated the T-cell and ILC clusters from controls. Increased CA125 levels were associated with decreased CD8+ /CD45RA+ /CD45RO- /CCR7- T cells. CONCLUSION The identified immune clusters serve as the basis for interrogation of the peritoneal immune environment and the development of novel immunologic modalities against ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Vazquez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Melina Chavarria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Gladys E Lopez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Mildred A Felder
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Arvinder Kapur
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Antonio Romo Chavez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Nathan Karst
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Lisa Barroilhet
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Manish S Patankar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Aleksandar K Stanic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Developing a mass spectrometry–based assay for the ovarian cancer biomarker CA125 (MUC16) using suspension trapping (STrap). Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:6361-6370. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02586-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
41
|
Chen XK, Gu CL, Fan JQ, Zhang XM. P-STAT3 and IL-17 in tumor tissues enhances the prognostic value of CEA and CA125 in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 125:109871. [PMID: 32187953 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.109871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The present study aimed to examine the capability of p- signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 and interleukin-17 (IL-17), along with two known tumor markers carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), for disease prognosis. Moreover, the associations among biomarkers and clinicopathological parameters were evaluated to uncover the potential mechanisms responsible for their correlations with lung adenocarcinoma (LAD) prognosis. METHODS Five LAD-related parameters were used in the study: CEA, CA125, STAT3, p-STAT3, and IL-17. Spearman and chi-square correlation tests were used to explore the relationships between some clinicopathological variables and parameter expression levels and the associations among these five parameters. RESULTS The disease-specific survival decreased with the positive expression of CEA, CA125, p-STAT3, and IL-17, with no significant difference in the expression level of STAT3. Combinations of p-STAT3 and IL-17, CEA and p-STAT3, CEA and IL-17, CA125 and p-STAT3, and CA125 and IL-17 had higher predictive values in LAD prognosis. The correlation analyses indicated the synergic activities of STAT3, p-STAT3, and IL-17 and the coordinated expression of CEA, CA125, p-STAT3, and IL-17. The tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage significantly correlated with the levels of CA125 and p-STAT3. CONCLUSIONS Elevated levels of CEA, CA125, p-STAT3, and IL-17 alone and/or combinations of p-STAT3 and IL-17, CEA and p-STAT3, CEA and IL-17, CA125 and p-STAT3, and CA125 and IL-17 were recommended as the prognostic predictors of unfavorable clinical outcomes in patients with postoperative LAD. Also, p-STAT3 and IL-17 combined with CA125 and CEA helped in predicting the overall survival of patients with LAD and informing the TNM stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ke Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chuan-Long Gu
- Department of Anatomy, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Qiang Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xiao-Ming Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Reynolds IS, Fichtner M, McNamara DA, Kay EW, Prehn JHM, Burke JP. Mucin glycoproteins block apoptosis; promote invasion, proliferation, and migration; and cause chemoresistance through diverse pathways in epithelial cancers. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2020; 38:237-257. [PMID: 30680581 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-019-09781-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of mucin glycoproteins has been demonstrated in many epithelial-derived cancers. The significance of this overexpression remains uncertain. The aim of this paper was to define the association of mucin glycoproteins with apoptosis, cell growth, invasion, migration, adhesion, and clonogenicity in vitro as well as tumor growth, tumorigenicity, and metastasis in vivo in epithelial-derived cancers by performing a systematic review of all published data. A systematic review of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials was performed to identify all papers that evaluated the association between mucin glycoproteins with apoptosis, cell growth, invasion, migration, adhesion, and clonogenicity in vitro as well as tumor growth, tumorigenicity, and metastasis in vivo in epithelial-derived cancers. PRISMA guidelines were adhered to. Results of individual studies were extracted and pooled together based on the organ in which the cancer was derived from. The initial search revealed 2031 papers, of which 90 were deemed eligible for inclusion in the study. The studies included details on MUC1, MUC2, MUC4, MUC5AC, MUC5B, MUC13, and MUC16. The majority of studies evaluated MUC1. MUC1 overexpression was consistently associated with resistance to apoptosis and resistance to chemotherapy. There was also evidence that overexpression of MUC2, MUC4, MUC5AC, MUC5B, MUC13, and MUC16 conferred resistance to apoptosis in epithelial-derived cancers. The overexpression of mucin glycoproteins is associated with resistance to apoptosis in numerous epithelial cancers. They cause resistance through diverse signaling pathways. Targeting the expression of mucin glycoproteins represents a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of epithelial-derived cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian S Reynolds
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Michael Fichtner
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Deborah A McNamara
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
- Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Elaine W Kay
- Department of Pathology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
- Department of Pathology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jochen H M Prehn
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - John P Burke
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Ballester B, Milara J, Cortijo J. Mucins as a New Frontier in Pulmonary Fibrosis. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8091447. [PMID: 31514468 PMCID: PMC6780288 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8091447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common idiopathic interstitial pulmonary disease with a median survival of 3–5 years after diagnosis. Recent evidence identifies mucins as key effectors in cell growth and tissue remodeling processes compatible with the processes observed in IPF. Mucins are classified in two groups depending on whether they are secreted (secreted mucins) or tethered to cell membranes (transmembrane mucins). Secreted mucins (MUC2, MUC5AC, MUC5B, MUC6-8 and MUC19) are released to the extracellular medium and recent evidence has shown that a promoter polymorphism in the secreted mucin MUC5B is associated with IPF risk. Otherwise, transmembrane mucins (MUC1, MUC3, MUC4, MUC12-17 and MUC20) have a receptor-like structure, sensing the external environment and activating intracellular signal transduction pathways essential for mucosal maintenance and damage repair. In this context, the extracellular domain can be released to the external environment by metalloproteinase action, increased in IPF, thus activating fibrotic processes. For example, several studies have reported increased serum extracellular secreted KL6/MUC1 during IPF acute exacerbation. Moreover, MUC1 and MUC4 overexpression in the main IPF cells has been observed. In this review we summarize the current knowledge of mucins as promising druggable targets for IPF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Ballester
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
- CIBERES, Health Institute Carlos III, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Javier Milara
- CIBERES, Health Institute Carlos III, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
- Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Julio Cortijo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- CIBERES, Health Institute Carlos III, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Research and teaching Unit, University General Hospital Consortium of Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Fini ME, Jeong S, Gong H, Martinez-Carrasco R, Laver NMV, Hijikata M, Keicho N, Argüeso P. Membrane-associated mucins of the ocular surface: New genes, new protein functions and new biological roles in human and mouse. Prog Retin Eye Res 2019; 75:100777. [PMID: 31493487 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2019.100777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The mucosal glycocalyx of the ocular surface constitutes the point of interaction between the tear film and the apical epithelial cells. Membrane-associated mucins (MAMs) are the defining molecules of the glycocalyx in all mucosal epithelia. Long recognized for their biophysical properties of hydration, lubrication, anti-adhesion and repulsion, MAMs maintain the wet ocular surface, lubricate the blink, stabilize the tear film and create a physical barrier to the outside world. However, it is increasingly appreciated that MAMs also function as cell surface receptors that transduce information from the outside to the inside of the cell. A number of excellent review articles have provided perspective on the field as it has progressed since 1987, when molecular cloning of the first MAM was reported. The current article provides an update for the ocular surface, placing it into the broad context of findings made in other organ systems, and including new genes, new protein functions and new biological roles. We discuss the epithelial tissue-equivalent with mucosal differentiation, the key model system making these advances possible. In addition, we make the first systematic comparison of MAMs in human and mouse, establishing the basis for using knockout mice for investigations with the complexity of an in vivo system. Lastly, we discuss findings from human genetics/genomics, which are providing clues to new MAM roles previously unimagined. Taken together, this information allows us to generate hypotheses for the next stage of investigation to expand our knowledge of MAM function in intracellular signaling and roles unique to the ocular surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Elizabeth Fini
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine, at New England Eye Center, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington St, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
| | - Shinwu Jeong
- USC Roski Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, 1975 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
| | - Haiyan Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E Concord St, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
| | - Rafael Martinez-Carrasco
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine, at New England Eye Center, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington St, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
| | - Nora M V Laver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine, at New England Eye Center, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington St, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
| | - Minako Hijikata
- Department of Pathophysiology and Host Defense, The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, 3-1-24 Matsuyama, Kiyose-shi, Tokyo, 204-8533, Japan.
| | - Naoto Keicho
- Department of Pathophysiology and Host Defense, The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, 3-1-24 Matsuyama, Kiyose-shi, Tokyo, 204-8533, Japan.
| | - Pablo Argüeso
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, at Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass. Eye and Ear, 20 Staniford St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Khan JF, Khan AS, Brentjens RJ. Application of CAR T cells for the treatment of solid tumors. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2019; 164:293-327. [PMID: 31383408 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CAR T cell therapy of cancers promises to revolutionize oncology by harnessing the powers of synthetic biology and immunotherapy in a single agent. CARs are synthetic receptors composed of an extracellular antigen binding domain and one or more intracellular signaling domains which act in concert to activate the T cell upon antigen recognition. CARs targeting B cell associated CD19 demonstrated robust in vivo cytolytic activity, expansion, and persistence upon antigen exposure paving the way for clinical application of this technology and ultimately FDA approval for pediatric and young adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia as well as patients with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B cell lymphoma. However, these successes have not yet been replicated in the arena of solid tumors. Unlike hematologic malignancies, solid tumors present numerous challenges in the form of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. In this chapter, we will highlight clinical application of CAR T cells in solid tumors, discuss hurdles that have impeded CAR T cell function in these malignancies, and propose methods to overcome these limitations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan F Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Abdul Salam Khan
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Renier J Brentjens
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States; Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Uchino Y. The Ocular Surface Glycocalyx and its Alteration in Dry Eye Disease: A Review. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 59:DES157-DES162. [PMID: 30481821 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-23756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have revealed that transmembrane mucins, large glycoproteins with heavily glycosylated glycans, are essential for maintaining ocular surface epithelium lubrication and wettability. Recent reports indicate that transmembrane mucins and galectin-3, a chimera type of galectin that binds β-galactoside in the glycan, play a crucial role in maintaining the epithelial glycocalyx barrier. This review summarizes current evidence regarding the role of galectin-3, the role of the three major transmembrane mucins (i.e., MUC1, MUC4, and MUC16), in the maintenance of ocular surface wettability and transcellular barrier. Pathological mechanisms of glycocalyx barrier disruption and epithelial surface wettability decreases in dry eye disease are also summarized. Lastly, new ophthalmic drugs that target transmembrane mucin are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Uchino
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Matte I, Garde-Granger P, Bessette P, Piché A. Ascites from ovarian cancer patients stimulates MUC16 mucin expression and secretion in human peritoneal mesothelial cells through an Akt-dependent pathway. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:406. [PMID: 31039761 PMCID: PMC6492407 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5611-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CA125 is a well-established ovarian cancer (OC) serum biomarker. The CA125 heavily glycosylated epitope is carried by the MUC16 mucin, a high molecular weight transmembrane mucin. Upon proteolytic cleavage, the extracellular domain of MUC16 is released from the cell surface into malignant ascites and blood vessels. Previous studies have shown that both tumor and surrounding mesothelial cells may express MUC16. Although little is known about the regulation of MUC16 expression in these cells, recent evidence suggest that inflammatory cytokines may stimulate MUC16 expression. Because malignant ascites is a pro-inflammatory environment, we investigated whether OC ascites stimulate the expression and release of MUC16 by human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs). Methods HPMCs were isolated from peritoneal lavages of women operated for conditions other than cancer. MUC16 protein expression was determined by immunoblot, immunofluorescence or immunohistochemistry depending on the experiments. The release of MUC16 from the cell surface was measured using EIA and MUC16 mRNA expression by ddPCR. Results We show that high-grade serous ascites from patients with OC (n = 5) enhance MUC16 expression in HPMCs. Malignant ascites, but not benign peritoneal fluids, stimulate the release of MUC16 in HPMCs in a dose-dependent manner, which is abrogated by heat inactivation. Moreover, we establish that ascites-induced MUC16 expression occurs at the post-transcriptional level and demonstrate that ascites-induced MUC16 expression is mediated, at least partially, through an Akt-dependent pathway. A cytokine array identified upregulation of several cytokines and chemokines in ascites that mediate MUC16 upregulation versus those that do not, including CCL7, CCL8, CCL16, CCL20, CXCL1, IL-6, IL-10, HGF and IL-1 R4. However, when individually tested, none of these factors affected MUC16 expression or secretion. Concentrations of CA125 in the serum of a given patient did not correlate with the ability of its corresponding ascites to stimulate MUC16 release in HPMCs. Conclusions Collectively, these data indicate that mesothelial cells are an important source of MUC16 in the context of ovarian cancer and malignant ascites is a strong modulator of MUC16 expression in HPMCs and uncover the Akt pathway as a driving factor for upregulation of MUC16. Factors in ascites associated with enhanced MUC16 expression and release remains to be identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Matte
- Département de Microbiologie et Infectiologie, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12ième Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Perrine Garde-Granger
- Département de Pathologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12ième Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Paul Bessette
- Département de Chirurgie, service de gynécologie-obstétrique, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12ième Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Alain Piché
- Département de Microbiologie et Infectiologie, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12ième Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1H 5N4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Carvalho VPD, Grassi ML, Palma CDS, Carrara HHA, Faça VM, Candido Dos Reis FJ, Poersch A. The contribution and perspectives of proteomics to uncover ovarian cancer tumor markers. Transl Res 2019; 206:71-90. [PMID: 30529050 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite all the advances in understanding the mechanisms involved in ovarian cancer (OC) development, many aspects still need to be unraveled and understood. Tumor markers (TMs) are of special interest in this disease. Some aspects of clinical management of OC might be improved by the use of validated TMs, such as differentiating subtypes, defining the most appropriate treatment, monitoring the course of the disease, or predicting clinical outcome. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved a few TMs for OC: CA125 (cancer antigen 125; monitoring), HE4 (Human epididymis protein; monitoring), ROMA (Risk Of Malignancy Algorithm; HE4+CA125; prediction of malignancy) and OVA1 (Vermillion's first-generation Multivariate Index Assay [MIA]; prediction of malignancy). Proteomics can help advance the research in the field of TMs for OC. A variety of biological materials are being used in proteomic analysis, among them tumor tissues, interstitial fluids, tumor fluids, ascites, plasma, and ovarian cancer cell lines. However, the discovery and validation of new TMs for OC is still very challenging. The enormous heterogeneity of histological types of samples and the individual variability of patients (lifestyle, comorbidities, drug use, and family history) are difficult to overcome in research protocols. In this work, we sought to gather relevant information regarding TMs, OC, biological samples for proteomic analysis, as well as markers and algorithms approved by the FDA for use in clinical routine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariana Lopes Grassi
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, FMRP, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Center for Cell Based Therapy, Hemotherapy Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila de Souza Palma
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, FMRP, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Center for Cell Based Therapy, Hemotherapy Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Vitor Marcel Faça
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, FMRP, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Center for Cell Based Therapy, Hemotherapy Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Aline Poersch
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, FMRP, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Center for Cell Based Therapy, Hemotherapy Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Felder M, Kapur A, Rakhmilevich AL, Qu X, Sondel PM, Gillies SD, Connor J, Patankar MS. MUC16 suppresses human and murine innate immune responses. Gynecol Oncol 2019; 152:618-628. [PMID: 30626487 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2018.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE MUC16, the mucin that contains the CA125 epitopes, suppresses the cytolytic responses of human NK cells and inhibits the efficacy of therapeutic antibodies. Here, we provide further evidence of the regulatory role of MUC16 on human and murine NK cells and macrophages. METHODS Target cell cytolysis and doublet formation assays were performed to assess effects of MUC16 on human NK cells. The effect of MUC16 on ovarian tumor growth was determined in a mouse model by monitoring survival and ascites formation. Innate immune cells from spleens and peritoneal cavities of mice were isolated and stimulated in vitro with anti-CD40 antibody, lipopolysaccharide and IFN-γ and their ability to cytolyse MUC16 expressing and non-expressing cells was determined. RESULTS We confirm that MUC16 inhibits cytolysis by human NK cells as well as the formation of NK-tumor conjugates. Mice implanted with MUC16-knockdown OVCAR-3 show >2-fold increase in survival compared to controls. Murine NK cells and macrophages are more efficient at lysing MUC16-knockdown cells. In vitro cytotoxicity assays with NK cells and macrophages isolated from mice stimulated with anti-CD40 antibody showed 2-3-fold increased activity against the MUC16-knockdown cells as compared to matching target cells expressing this mucin. Finally, knockdown of MUC16 increased the susceptibility of cancer cells to ADCC by murine splenocytes. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, we demonstrate the immunoregulatory effects of MUC16 on murine NK cells and macrophages. Our study implies that the immunoregulatory role of MUC16 on murine NK cells and macrophages should be considered when examining the biology of MUC16 in mouse models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mildred Felder
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Arvinder Kapur
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Xiaoyi Qu
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Paul M Sondel
- Departments of Pediatrics and Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Joseph Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, USA.
| | - Manish S Patankar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Zhang M, Zhang Y, Fu J, Zhang L. Serum CA125 levels are decreased in rectal cancer but increased in fibrosis-associated diseases and in most types of cancers. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2019; 162:241-252. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|